FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Chao, JCJ Shieh, WHS Taylor, A AF Chao, JCJ Shieh, WHS Taylor, A TI Effect of epidermal growth factor on leucine aminopeptidase in human colon (Caco-2) cells. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TAIPEI MED COLL,SCH NUTR & HLTH SCI,TAIPEI 110,TAIWAN. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2483 EP 2483 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002484 ER PT J AU Rosenbaum, SE Greenberg, AS AF Rosenbaum, SE Greenberg, AS TI Differential regulation of adipocyte gene expression by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and BRL49653. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2528 EP 2528 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002527 ER PT J AU Morlese, J Forrester, T DelRosario, M Frazer, M Jahoor, F AF Morlese, J Forrester, T DelRosario, M Frazer, M Jahoor, F TI Transferrin (Tr) and HDL-apo A1 (apoA1) kinetics in protein-energy malnourished children SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV W INDIES,TROP METAB RES UNIT,KINGSTON 7,JAMAICA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2534 EP 2534 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002533 ER PT J AU Stoll, B Burrin, D Jahoor, F Henry, J Reeds, P AF Stoll, B Burrin, D Jahoor, F Henry, J Reeds, P TI Portal phenylalanine is the dominant source of apolipoprotein B-100 synthesis in fed piglets SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,ARS,USDA,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2535 EP 2535 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002536 ER PT J AU Surrao, J Sawaya, AL Dallal, GE Roberts, SB AF Surrao, J Sawaya, AL Dallal, GE Roberts, SB TI The use of food quotients in human doubly labeled water studies: Does it matter which food intake method is used? SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. RI Sawaya, Ana/D-3845-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2551 EP 2551 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002551 ER PT J AU Vinken, AG Bathalon, GP Roberts, SB AF Vinken, AG Bathalon, GP Roberts, SB TI Development of regression evaluations to predict total energy expenditure in adults, and prediction of usual energy requirements in the US population. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,USDA,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2552 EP 2552 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002553 ER PT J AU Pascual, M Jahoor, F Frazer, E Reeds, P AF Pascual, M Jahoor, F Frazer, E Reeds, P TI Tissue differences in glucose metabolic responses: To a low carbohydrate diet in adult mice SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA,ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2554 EP 2554 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002554 ER PT J AU Roughead, ZK Hunt, JR AF Roughead, ZK Hunt, JR TI Dietary iron bioavailability affects fecal ferritin content in women consuming vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2564 EP 2564 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002565 ER PT J AU Fleet, J Han, O Wood, R AF Fleet, J Han, O Wood, R TI Further evidence that beta(2) microglobulin knockout mice are model for human hemochromatosis. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2572 EP 2572 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002572 ER PT J AU Han, O Fleet, JC Wood, RJ AF Han, O Fleet, JC Wood, RJ TI The hemochromatosis gene (HLA-H) is up-regulated by iron treatment in human Caco-2 cells. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2573 EP 2573 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002573 ER PT J AU Beecher, G Buzzard, IM Holden, J Trainer, D Spangler, C Davis, C Eldridge, AL Schakel, S Haytowitz, D Gebhardt, S Bhagwat, S AF Beecher, G Buzzard, IM Holden, J Trainer, D Spangler, C Davis, C Eldridge, AL Schakel, S Haytowitz, D Gebhardt, S Bhagwat, S TI Carotenoid content of US foods. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,MED COLL VIRGINIA,RICHMOND,VA 23298. USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. CATHOLIC UNIV AMER,WASHINGTON,DC 20064. UNIV MINNESOTA,NUTR COORDINATING CTR,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55454. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2589 EP 2589 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002589 ER PT J AU Meydani, SN Meydani, M Blumberg, J Leka, L Pedrosa, M Stollar, D Diamond, R AF Meydani, SN Meydani, M Blumberg, J Leka, L Pedrosa, M Stollar, D Diamond, R TI Safety assessment of long-term vitamin E (E) supplementation in healthy elderly. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2594 EP 2594 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002594 ER PT J AU Wu, D Martin, KR Meydani, SN Meydani, M AF Wu, D Martin, KR Meydani, SN Meydani, M TI Effect of vitamin E (E) on expression of cell surface adhesion molecules and PGI2 production by human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC). SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2595 EP 2595 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002595 ER PT J AU Beharka, A Wu, D Adolfsson, O Han, S Smith, D Gao, G Prior, R Meydani, M Meydani, SN AF Beharka, A Wu, D Adolfsson, O Han, S Smith, D Gao, G Prior, R Meydani, M Meydani, SN TI Age-related increase in macrophage (MO) nitric oxide (NO) production is decreased by vitamin E (E) supplementation. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2598 EP 2598 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002599 ER PT J AU Nagaraj, RY Wu, W Will, JA Vesonder, RF AF Nagaraj, RY Wu, W Will, JA Vesonder, RF TI Use of rats as a model to study the cardiomyopathy induced by Fusarium proliferatum and its nutritional intervention as measured by electrocardiography SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 2860 EP 2860 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53002858 ER PT J AU Keshen, T Jaksic, T Jahoor, F AF Keshen, T Jaksic, T Jahoor, F TI The effect of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation on protein kinetics & energy expenditure (EE) in extremely-low-birthweight (ELBW) neonates. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 3292 EP 3292 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53003294 ER PT J AU Hunt, JR Zito, CA AF Hunt, JR Zito, CA TI Severe, but not marginal dietary iron deficiency reduces serotonin uptake into blood platelets of rats. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 3299 EP 3299 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53003298 ER PT J AU Kretsch, MJ Green, MW Fong, AKH Johnson, HL AF Kretsch, MJ Green, MW Fong, AKH Johnson, HL TI Cognitive effects of a long-term weight reducing diet. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. BBSRC,FOOD RES INST,READING LAB,READING,BERKS,ENGLAND. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 3303 EP 3303 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53003303 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA Grusak, MA Stuff, J AF Abrams, SA Grusak, MA Stuff, J TI Calcium and magnesium absorption from vegetables and milk in children. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 3314 EP 3314 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53003314 ER PT J AU Bronner, F Abrams, SA AF Bronner, F Abrams, SA TI The role of the skeleton in regulating calcium (Ca) metabolism. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,CTR HLTH,FARMINGTON,CT 06030. BAYLOR UNIV,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 3315 EP 3315 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53003317 ER PT J AU Hayek, MG Meydani, SN Han, SN Wu, D Dorsey, JL Meydani, M Smith, DE AF Hayek, MG Meydani, SN Han, SN Wu, D Dorsey, JL Meydani, M Smith, DE TI The effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the immune response of young and old mice SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 3356 EP 3356 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53003357 ER PT J AU Handelman, GJ Nightingale, ZD Dolnikowski, GG Blumberg, JB AF Handelman, GJ Nightingale, ZD Dolnikowski, GG Blumberg, JB TI Characterization of carbonyl residues in proteins after oxidant stress. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 3366 EP 3366 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53003366 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Lischner, N McEwen, J Rasmussen, H Cao, G AF Prior, RL Lischner, N McEwen, J Rasmussen, H Cao, G TI Increases in serum antioxidant capacity in elderly women following consumption of meals low in antioxidants. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT NUTR SCI,STORRS,CT 06296. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 3383 EP 3383 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53003383 ER PT J AU Cao, G Prior, RL AF Cao, G Prior, RL TI Total antioxidant capacity of human serum determined by three different analytical methods. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT NUTR SCI,STORRS,CT 06296. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 3384 EP 3384 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53003385 ER PT J AU Spiller, GA Bruce, B Klevay, LM Gallagher, SK AF Spiller, GA Bruce, B Klevay, LM Gallagher, SK TI Diets high in phytochemicals and fiber may decrease the need for intrinsic defense against oxidative damage SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SPHERA FDN,LOS ALTOS,CA 94022. USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 3385 EP 3385 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53003384 ER PT J AU Vu, D Abad, L Wilson, PWF Harris, TB Roubenoff, R AF Vu, D Abad, L Wilson, PWF Harris, TB Roubenoff, R TI Are antioxidant vitamins acute phase reactants in the elderly? SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA 01701. NIA,EDBP,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 3388 EP 3388 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53003390 ER PT J AU Scrofano, MM Shang, F Nowell, T Mura, C Smith, D Taylor, A AF Scrofano, MM Shang, F Nowell, T Mura, C Smith, D Taylor, A TI Calorie restriction enhances proteolysis in the lens of cataract-prone emory mice. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 3409 EP 3409 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53003409 ER PT J AU Glahn, RP Lai, C VanCampen, DR AF Glahn, RP Lai, C VanCampen, DR TI Application of an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model to improve iron availability of infant formula. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS,USDA,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 3503 EP 3503 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53003503 ER PT J AU Mendoza, C Viteri, F Lonnerdal, B Raboy, V Young, K Brown, KH AF Mendoza, C Viteri, F Lonnerdal, B Raboy, V Young, K Brown, KH TI Effect of genetically modified, low-phytate maize on iron absorption from tortillas. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT NUTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,PROGRAM INT NUTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. INST NUTR CENT AMER & PANAMA,GUATEMALA CITY,GUATEMALA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT NUTR SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. ARS,USDA,NATL SMALL GRAINS GERMPLASM RES FACIL,ABERDEEN,ID. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 3504 EP 3504 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53003506 ER PT J AU Behall, KM Scholfield, DJ Hallfrisch, J AF Behall, KM Scholfield, DJ Hallfrisch, J TI The effect of particle size of whole grain flour on plasma glucose, insulin, and TSH in human subjects SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 3538 EP 3538 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53003540 ER PT J AU Han, S Wu, D Beharka, A Smith, D Cao, G Prior, R Bender, BS Meydani, M Meydani, S AF Han, S Wu, D Beharka, A Smith, D Cao, G Prior, R Bender, BS Meydani, M Meydani, S TI Effect of long-term dietary antioxidant supplementation on influenza infection SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 3548 EP 3548 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53003548 ER PT J AU ShukittHale, B Tharion, WJ Lieberman, HR AF ShukittHale, B Tharion, WJ Lieberman, HR TI Effects of sleep deprivation and environmental stress on mental performance and marksmanship. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USA,ENVIRONM MED RES INST,GEOCENTERS INC,DIV MIL NUTR,NATICK,MA 01760. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 3666 EP 3666 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53003666 ER PT J AU Halpner, A Belmont, C Handelman, G Blumberg, JB AF Halpner, A Belmont, C Handelman, G Blumberg, JB TI Vitamin C protects against oxidant-induced loss of vitamin E in primary rat hepatocytes. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 3740 EP 3740 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53003738 ER PT J AU Sofic, E Cao, G ShuckittHale, B Joseph, JA Prior, RL Bickford, PC AF Sofic, E Cao, G ShuckittHale, B Joseph, JA Prior, RL Bickford, PC TI Effects of 100% oxygen exposure on the antioxidant status of rats fed a diet supplemented with alpha-tocopherol or strawberry extract. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT NUTR SCI,STORRS,CT 06296. DEPT VET AFFAIRS MED CTR,DENVER,CO 80262. RI Bickford, Paula/J-5970-2012 OI Bickford, Paula/0000-0001-9657-7725 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 3743 EP 3743 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53003745 ER PT J AU Kelley, DS Taylor, PC Johnson, HL Mackey, BE AF Kelley, DS Taylor, PC Johnson, HL Mackey, BE TI Restriction of energy intake decreases number and activity of natural killer (NK) cells in overweight women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129. WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB 28 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 3749 EP 3749 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA WL530 UT WOS:A1997WL53003749 ER PT J AU Weinstock, IA Atalla, RH Reiner, RS Moen, MA Hammel, KE Houtman, CJ Hill, CL Harrup, MK AF Weinstock, IA Atalla, RH Reiner, RS Moen, MA Hammel, KE Houtman, CJ Hill, CL Harrup, MK TI A new environmentally benign technology for transforming wood pulp into paper - Engineering polyoxometalates as catalysts for multiple processes SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS A-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE polyoxometalates; oxygen; wood pulp; paper; oxidative bleaching; oxidative delignification ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; KRAFT PULPS; MANGANESE PEROXIDASE; LIGNIN PEROXIDASE; RESIDUAL LIGNIN; GLYOXAL OXIDASE; HETEROPOLYANIONS; DELIGNIFICATION; CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION AB A new environmentally benign technology, based on the use of polyoxometalate (POM) salts and oxygen, is being developed to bleach wood pulps for use in the manufacture of paper. Details of POM chemistry relating to the unit operations of an effluent-free bleaching process are reported. These include anaerobic delignification of wood pulp, aerobic reoxidation of reduced POMs for their cyclic reuse and POM catalyzed and initiated aerobic mineralization (wet oxidation) of lignin fragments removed from pulp during bleaching. The results of bleaching trials using a series of isostructural POM complexes of the Keggin family are reported, Key structural components of the POMs are varied to determine the effects of these changes on POM performance, Homogeneous reactions of lignin-model compounds with select POMs are used to help interpret kinetic data obtained in the heterogeneous reaction of POM solutions with pulp fibers. Finally, new directions in catalyst design that promise to expand the potential of the technology are discussed. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT CHEM ENGN,MADISON,WI 53706. EMORY UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP Weinstock, IA (reprint author), USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,FOREST SERV,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011; Houtman, Carl/I-4469-2012 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847; NR 90 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 4 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1169 J9 J MOL CATAL A-CHEM JI J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. PD FEB 24 PY 1997 VL 116 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 84 DI 10.1016/S1381-1169(96)00074-X PG 26 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA WH655 UT WOS:A1997WH65500009 ER PT J AU Burri, BJ Neidlinger, TR Lo, AO Kwan, C Wong, MR AF Burri, BJ Neidlinger, TR Lo, AO Kwan, C Wong, MR TI Supercritical fluid extraction and reversed-phase liquid chromatography methods for vitamin A and beta-carotene Heterogeneous distribution of vitamin A in the liver SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Symposium on High Performance Liquid Phase Separations and Related Techniques CY JUN 16-21, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA DE liver; sample preparation; vitamins; carotenes ID RELATIVE DOSE-RESPONSE; TOCOPHEROLS; RETINOIDS; TISSUES; RATS AB We developed supercritical fluid procedures for extracting vitamin A and p-carotene from vitamin supplements and calf liver tissue. The SF extracts could be injected onto an HPLC column without further pretreatment. Samples were analysed by RP-HPLC using diode array detection or by spectrophotometry. Recoveries were very good. SF extracts from a vitamin preparation of uniform composition had an R.S.D. of 4%. Extracts from calf liver supplements were predictably more heterogeneous. The SF extraction method is less labor intensive then traditional liquid-liquid procedures for extracting vitamin A and carotenoids from tissues. RP Burri, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,PWA,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 17 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD FEB 21 PY 1997 VL 762 IS 1-2 BP 201 EP 206 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00705-4 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA WP082 UT WOS:A1997WP08200020 PM 9098978 ER PT J AU Rimando, AM Porter, JK AF Rimando, AM Porter, JK TI Fusaric acid increases melatonin levels in the weanling rat and in pineal cell cultures SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SUCKLING RATS; STIMULATION; DOPAMINE AB Fusaric acid (FA) is produced by several Fusarium species that commonly infect cereal grains and other agricultural commodities. FA in the feed of nursing dams is lactationally transferred to the suckling offspring and alters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) in the pineal gland of the neonate rat. 5HT is involved in melatonin (MEL) production by the pineal gland. MEL is a hormone important in reproduction and seasonality in animals. Therefore, the effects of FA on MEL in the serum and pineal gland of male and female 21-d-old weanling rats from dams on an FA diet were studied. MEL was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which was standardized for directly measuring MEL in rat serum and pineal homogenates. At 200 ppm in the diet of nursing dams, FA increased serum MEL in both sexes. Results obtained from ELISA were supported by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with fluorescence detection. MEL analysis of the pineal gland homogenates by ELISA and HPLC supported observations in the serum. Analogously, in pineal cell monolayer cultures, FA at 1 mu M and 100 mu M concentrations increased MEL in a dose-dependent manner as compared to the control cells. This is the first report that FA increases MEL in vivo and in vitro and suggests that FA contamination of diets may affect mechanisms involving MEL synthesis. C1 USDA ARS,RICHARD B RUSSELL AGR RES CTR,TOXICOL & MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,ATHENS,GA 30613. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD FEB 21 PY 1997 VL 50 IS 3 BP 275 EP 284 DI 10.1080/009841097160483 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA WK518 UT WOS:A1997WK51800004 PM 9055876 ER PT J AU Cramer, CJ Truhlar, DG French, AD AF Cramer, CJ Truhlar, DG French, AD TI Exo-anomeric effects on energies and geometries of different conformations of glucose and related systems in the gas phase and aqueous solution SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE exo-anomeric effect; hyperconjugation; conformational analysis; solvation ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL THEORY; BOND LENGTHS; SOLVATION; SOLVENT; SACCHARIDES; MECHANICS; HYDROGEN; ORIGIN; MODELS; 2-METHOXYTETRAHYDROPYRAN AB Ab initio calculations predict that in 2-hydroxy- and 2-methoxytetrahydropyran, hyperconjugative delocalization of lone-pair density on the exocyclic oxygen atom at C-1 into the sigma* orbital of the C-1-O-5 bond is maximized when the OR group at C-1 is oriented gauche to C-1-O-5, This exo-anomeric effect lengthens the C-1-O-5 bond, shortens the exocyclic C-1-O bond, and stabilizes the gauche conformers by about 4 kcal/mol over the anti. In the anti orientation, hyperconjugative interaction of the OR group at C-1 with other appropriately oriented sigma* orbitals increases, but the geometric and energetic consequences are less marked. Solvation effects reduce the energetic stabilization associated with the exo-anomeric effect in the tetrahydropyrans, This derives from a combination of changes in the overall electrostatics and also from decreased accessibility of the hydrophilic groups in the gauche conformers, For glucose or glucosides, instead of the simple tetrahydropyran model systems, the interactions of the exocyclic OR group at C-1 with the hydroxy group at C-2 can significantly affect these hyperconjugative delocalizations. In the glucose and glucoside systems, solvation effects oppose the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds, MM3(94) force field calculations show systematic deviations in the relative energies and structures of the various model systems with respect to the more reliable HF/cc-pVDZ predictions, (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. INST SUPERCOMP, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 USA. RP Cramer, CJ (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA, DEPT CHEM, 207 PLEASANT ST SE, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 USA. RI Truhlar, Donald/G-7076-2015; Cramer, Christopher/B-6179-2011 OI Truhlar, Donald/0000-0002-7742-7294; Cramer, Christopher/0000-0001-5048-1859 NR 71 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD FEB 20 PY 1997 VL 298 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1016/S0008-6215(96)00297-2 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA WJ670 UT WOS:A1997WJ67000001 ER PT J AU Buntain, B AF Buntain, B TI Public veterinary medicine: Food safety and handling - The role of the food animal veterinarian in the HACCP era SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Buntain, B (reprint author), USDA,FOOD SAFETY & INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 15 PY 1997 VL 210 IS 4 BP 492 EP 495 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WG855 UT WOS:A1997WG85500010 PM 9040834 ER PT J AU Vozzo, JA Patel, R Marko, M AF Vozzo, JA Patel, R Marko, M TI Image sources for comparative anatomy and physiology of tree seed specimens. SO MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,STARKVILLE,MS 39760. UNIV MISSISSIPPI,MED CTR,JACKSON,MS 39216. NEW YORK STATE DEPT HLTH,ALBANY,NY 12201. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1059-910X J9 MICROSC RES TECHNIQ JI Microsc. Res. Tech. PD FEB 15 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 4 BP 341 EP 341 PG 1 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Biology; Microscopy SC Anatomy & Morphology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microscopy GA WV933 UT WOS:A1997WV93300012 ER PT J AU Coutinho, PM Dowd, MK Reilly, PJ AF Coutinho, PM Dowd, MK Reilly, PJ TI Automated docking of isomaltose analogues in the glucoamylase active site SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AutoDock; docking; glucoamylase; isomaltose; MM3; molecular mechanics; simulated annealing ID AWAMORI VAR X100; MM3 FORCE-FIELD; ASPERGILLUS-AWAMORI; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; REFINED STRUCTURE; 2.2-ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; 2.4-ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; SUBSTRATE RECOGNITION; DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS AB Low-energy conformers of analogues of the disaccharide isomaltose were determined with MM3(92) and were then flexibly docked into the glucoamylase active site using AutoDock 2.1. This procedure has produced bound complexes of saccharides with glucoamylase comparable to those obtained by protein crystallography. Conformational energy surfaces of three methyl alpha-isomaltosides, two with a second methyl group at C-6(B), were determined to characterize the steric limitations introduced by that group. Their most probable conformers were used as initial structures for docking. Seven sets of monodeoxy methyl alpha-isomaltoside structures were also generated based on the methyl alpha-isomaltoside conformational map and were docked to probe the contribution of individual hydroxyl groups to binding. The optimized docking modes are similar for most analogues, and energies of intermolecular interaction per extended atom agree with the assignment of key hydroxyl groups made from kinetic studies. This new approach to study saccharide-protein interactions complements the results of protein crystallography, allowing a better understanding of the interaction of glucoamylase with its substrates. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM ENGN,AMES,IA 50011. USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RI Coutinho, Pedro/C-4473-2008 NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD FEB 14 PY 1997 VL 297 IS 4 BP 309 EP 324 DI 10.1016/S0008-6215(96)00283-2 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA WJ687 UT WOS:A1997WJ68700002 ER PT J AU Tobiason, FL Kelley, SS Midland, MM Hemingway, RW AF Tobiason, FL Kelley, SS Midland, MM Hemingway, RW TI Temperature dependence of (+)-catechin pyran ring proton coupling constants as measured by NMR and modeled using GMMX search methodology SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HETEROCYCLIC RING; TETRA-O-METHYL-(+)-CATECHIN; STATE AB The pyran ring proton coupling constants for (+)-catechin have been experimentally determined in deuterated methanol over a temperature range of 213 K to 313 K. The experimental coupling constants were simulated to 0.04 Hz on the average at a 90% confidence limit using a LAOCOON method. The temperature dependence of the coupling constants was reproduced from the Boltzmann distribution of the conformational ensemble generated by the GMMX searching program. (C) 1997, Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB, GOLDEN, CO 80401 USA. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE, DEPT CHEM, RIVERSIDE, CA 92521 USA. US FOREST SERV, USDA, SO RES STN, PINEVILLE, LA 71360 USA. RP Tobiason, FL (reprint author), PACIFIC LUTHERAN UNIV, DEPT CHEM, TACOMA, WA 98447 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD FEB 10 PY 1997 VL 38 IS 6 BP 985 EP 988 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(96)02505-1 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA WG348 UT WOS:A1997WG34800024 ER PT J AU Flint, HJ Whitehead, TR Martin, JC Gasparic, A AF Flint, HJ Whitehead, TR Martin, JC Gasparic, A TI Interrupted catalytic domain structures in xylanases from two distantly related strains of Prevotella ruminicola SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEIN STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE xylanase; rumen; domain structure; interrupting sequence; (P-ruminicola) ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; BACTEROIDES-RUMINICOLA; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; CELLULOMONAS-FIMI; STREPTOMYCES-LIVIDANS; ENDOGLUCANASE GENE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ACTIVE-SITE; BACTERIA; FAMILIES AB Two xylanases from the rumen anaerobic bacterium Prevotella ruminicola were found to possess highly unusual structures in which family 10 catalytic domains are interrupted by unrelated sequences. XynC from P. ruminicola B(1)4 carries a 160 amino-acid insertion, while a P. ruminicola D31d xylanase carries an unrelated region of 280 amino acids, containing an imperfect 130 amino-acid duplication. Both regions of family 10 similarity were shown to be essential for activity of the D31d enzyme. C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,PEORIA,IL 61604. UNIV LJUBLJANA,BIOTECH FAC,DOMZALE 61230,LJUBLJANA,SLOVENIA. RP Flint, HJ (reprint author), ROWETT RES INST,GREENBURN RD,BUCKSBURN AB2 9SB,ABERDEEN,SCOTLAND. RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009 NR 23 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4838 J9 BBA-PROTEIN STRUCT M JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Protein Struct. Molec. Enzym. PD FEB 8 PY 1997 VL 1337 IS 2 BP 161 EP 165 DI 10.1016/S0167-4838(96)00213-0 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA WH365 UT WOS:A1997WH36500001 PM 9048892 ER PT J AU Roubenoff, R Mayer, J AF Roubenoff, R Mayer, J TI Feeding tubes in prevention of pneumonia SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 TUFTS UNIV NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Roubenoff, R (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 42 BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND WC1B 3SL SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB 8 PY 1997 VL 349 IS 9049 BP 433 EP 433 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)80058-X PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WH296 UT WOS:A1997WH29600063 PM 9033495 ER PT J AU NavasCastillo, J AlbiachMarti, MR Gowda, S Hilf, ME Garnsey, SM Dawson, WO AF NavasCastillo, J AlbiachMarti, MR Gowda, S Hilf, ME Garnsey, SM Dawson, WO TI Kinetics of accumulation of citrus tristeza virus RNAs SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTOPLASTS; PROTEINS; GROWTH; TISSUE; GENOME AB Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), a member of the closterovirus group, is one of the more complex single-stranded RNA viruses. The 5' portion of its 19,296-nt, single-stranded RNA genome is expressed as an similar to 400-kDa polyprotein that is proteolytically processed, while the 10 3' open reading frames are expressed from 3'-coterminal subgenomic RNAs (sg RNAs). As an initial examination of the gene expression of this virus, we found that the kinetics of accumulation of genomic and sg RNAs and coal protein of the T36 isolate of CTV were similar in protoplasts of the natural host, citrus, and the experimental nonhost Nicotiana benthamiana. Newly synthesized genomic RNA was detected 2 days postinoculation and increased to a maximum at 3-5 days. The RNA complementary to the full-length virion RNA increased with similar kinetics, but at approximately one-tenth the concentration of genomic plus strands. Most of the abundant sg RNAs also accumulated in parallel to that of the genomic RNA. However, the smallest sg RNA, which corresponds to the p23 gene, increased earlier. The different sg RNAs accumulated in greatly differing amounts, in general with 3'-most sg RNAs accumulating to higher levels than 5' sg RNAs. However, some 3' sg RNAs (p13 and p18) accumulated to low levels. The two 3'-most sg RNAs (p23 and p20) accumulated to high levels approximately equal to that of the genomic RNA. The accumulation curve for coat protein paralleled that of its mRNA, suggesting that its regulation was transcriptional. Progeny virions from protoplasts were used to sequentially infect new protoplasts, serving as a potential source of virus that could evolve free from the genetic selection in intact plants for aphid transmission and movement. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,CTR CITRUS RES & EDUC,LAKE ALFRED,FL 33850. USDA ARS,HORT RES LAB,ORLANDO,FL 32803. RI Navas-Castillo, Jesus/G-3894-2011 OI Navas-Castillo, Jesus/0000-0002-8616-6241 NR 20 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB 3 PY 1997 VL 228 IS 1 BP 92 EP 97 DI 10.1006/viro.1996.8369 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA WF234 UT WOS:A1997WF23400010 PM 9024813 ER PT J AU Ibekwe, AM Angle, JS Chaney, RL vanBerkum, P AF Ibekwe, AM Angle, JS Chaney, RL vanBerkum, P TI Enumeration and N-2 fixation potential of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii grown in soil with varying pH values and heavy metal concentrations SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE biosolids; heavy metals; nitrogen fixation; rhizobia; white clover ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE; NITROGEN-FIXATION; ACID SOIL; NODULATION; CLOVER; ACCUMULATION; MANGANESE; ALUMINUM; CALCIUM; COPPER AB The potential risk to Rhizobium leguminosarum by. trifolii and white clover (Trifolium repens cv. 'Regal') from biosolids-induced heavy metal toxicity is of great concern because of their symbiotic association and capacity for N-2 fixation, A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess the effects of heavy metals from biosolids on the population and N-2 fixing potential of Rhizobium leguminosarum by. trifolii under two pH regimes. In 1994, soils (Typic Paleudults) were collected from plots that had previously received 224 Mg ha(-1) heat-treated and 100 Mg ha(-1) Nu-Earth biosolids (applied in 1976 and 1978, respectively). Six soil treatments were used for the study: a control with low and high pH and two biosolids treatments, each with low and high pH. Soil pH and biosolids application significantly affected uptake of metals with phytotoxicity observed in the low pH soil amended with biosolids. The number of Rhizobium was significantly reduced in all low pH treatments. This resulted in no or ineffective nodulation by plants grown in these treatments. High numbers of Rhizobium were found in all high pH treatments, irrespective of metal content. Heat-treated biosolids-amended soil had higher numbers of Rhizobium than the control, but Nu-Earth biosolids-amended soil had lower numbers than the control. Nitrogen fixation, as measured by acetylene reduction activity, was greater in all high pH treatments compared with low pH treatments, When soil pH from the acidic plots was adjusted above 6.0, most of the isolates remained ineffective. Shoot yield and the number of Rhizobium did not show any significant increase with the increase in soil pH. Adjustment of high pH soil to low soil pH significantly reduced the number of Rhizobium irrespective of whether biosolids were applied. In conclusion, few significant effects of biosolids-borne heavy metals on plants, N-2 fixation, and on numbers of Rhizobium leguminosarum by. trifolii were observed at concentrations of metals studied, as long as soil PH was maintained near 6.0. Where reductions in rhizobial number and plant parameters were observed, the decrease was primarily attributed to low soil pH and to a lesser extent heavy metal toxicity from biosolids. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT AGRON, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, ENVIRONM CHEM LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, SOYBEAN & ALFALFA RES LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 61 IS 2-3 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1016/S0167-8809(96)01106-1 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WT638 UT WOS:A1997WT63800003 ER PT J AU Nelson, GC Hellerstein, D AF Nelson, GC Hellerstein, D TI Do roads cause deforestation? Using satellite images in econometric analysis of land use SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE geographic data; land use; remotely sensed data; spatial econometrics AB In this paper we demonstrate how satellite images and other geographic data can be used to predict land use. A cross-section model of land use is estimated with data for a region in central Mexico. Parameters from the model are used to examine the effects of reduced human activity. If variables that proxy human influence are changed to reflect reduced impact, ''forest'' area increases and ''irrigated crop'' area is reduced. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Nelson, GC (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT AGR & CONSUMER ECON,CHICAGO,IL 60680, USA. OI Hellerstein, Daniel/0000-0003-0933-8676 NR 8 TC 166 Z9 173 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 79 IS 1 BP 80 EP 88 DI 10.2307/1243944 PG 9 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA XN127 UT WOS:A1997XN12700007 ER PT J AU Feather, P Hellerstein, D AF Feather, P Hellerstein, D TI Calibrating benefit function transfer to assess the Conservation Reserve Program SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE benefit transfer; Conservation Reserve Program; double hurdle model; random utility model; soil erosion ID RANDOM UTILITY MODEL; DEMAND; RECREATION AB Benefit transfer offers an inexpensive alternative to conducting an original study to determine economic value. Unfortunately, benefit transfers can also result in biased welfare estimates. In this paper, we suggest a method of calibrating the benefit transfer to reduce this bias. An empirical example to determine the benefits of the Conservation Reserve Program on water-based recreation illustrates the potentially large biases that can result if the transfer is not calibrated. RP Feather, P (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. OI Hellerstein, Daniel/0000-0003-0933-8676 NR 28 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 79 IS 1 BP 151 EP 162 DI 10.2307/1243950 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA XN127 UT WOS:A1997XN12700013 ER PT J AU Schaible, GD AF Schaible, GD TI Water conservation policy analysis: An interregional, multi-output, primal-dual optimization approach SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE multi-output production; water policy; water-demand elasticities ID CAPACITY UTILIZATION; PRODUCTIVITY-MEASUREMENT; NONPARAMETRIC APPROACH; IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY; AGRICULTURE; EFFICIENCY; EQUILIBRIUM; INDUSTRY; BUREAU; LAND AB An interregional, multi-output, normalized restricted-equilibrium model of field-crop agriculture is estimated within the context of a multistage, programming-based, system estimation procedure. Implicit, total economic-cost functions endogenize behavioral, opportunity adjustment costs of fixed and allocatable land and water resources. Crop-specific, Marshallian water-demand elasticities are estimated for restricted and unrestricted groundwater substitution environments, and decomposed by water source. Elasticities are inelastic, but water-price policy reform can be an effective water-conservation policy tool when groundwater use is unrestricted. When groundwater use is restricted, effective conservation policy requires more dramatic water-price policy reform. RP Schaible, GD (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,NAT RESOURCES & ENVIRONM DIV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 41 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 79 IS 1 BP 163 EP 177 DI 10.2307/1243951 PG 15 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA XN127 UT WOS:A1997XN12700014 ER PT J AU Miranda, MJ Glauber, JW AF Miranda, MJ Glauber, JW TI Systemic risk, reinsurance, and the failure of crop insurance markets SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE crop insurance; systemic risk; market failure ID AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE AB Without affordable reinsurance, private crop insurance markets are doomed to fail because systemic weather effects induce high correlation among farm-level yields, defeating insurer efforts to pool risks across farms. Using an empirical model of the U.S. crop insurance market, we find that U.S. crop insurer portfolios are twenty to fifty times riskier than they would be otherwise if yields were stochastically independent across farms, We also find that area yield reinsurance contracts would enable crop insurers to cover most of their systemic crop loss risk, reducing their risk exposure to levels typically experienced by more conventional property liability insurers. C1 USDA,OFF ECON,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP Miranda, MJ (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 21 TC 94 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 79 IS 1 BP 206 EP 215 DI 10.2307/1243954 PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA XN127 UT WOS:A1997XN12700017 ER PT J AU Coble, KH Knight, TO Pope, RD Williams, JR AF Coble, KH Knight, TO Pope, RD Williams, JR TI An expected-indemnity approach to the measurement of moral hazard in crop insurance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE crop insurance; moral hazard ID AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE AB A definition of moral hazard in multiple peril crop insurance is proposed that focuses on expected indemnities rather than input use. Five years of production and insurance data for a panel of Kansas wheat farms is used to empirically test for this type of moral hazard. Results suggest that moral hazard affects multiple peril crop insurance indemnities in poor production years but that no significant moral hazard occurs in years when growing conditions are favorable. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV,DEPT ECON,PROVO,UT 84602. KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,MANHATTAN,KS 66506. RP Coble, KH (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 17 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 79 IS 1 BP 216 EP 226 DI 10.2307/1243955 PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA XN127 UT WOS:A1997XN12700018 ER PT J AU Ramezani, CA Rose, D Murphy, SP AF Ramezani, CA Rose, D Murphy, SP TI Aggregation, flexible forms, and estimation of food consumption parameters: Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID INCOME; DEMAND C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT NUTR,DAVIS,CA. RP Ramezani, CA (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT CONSUMER SCI,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 79 IS 1 BP 269 EP 271 DI 10.2307/1243961 PG 3 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA XN127 UT WOS:A1997XN12700024 ER PT J AU Ricker, HS AF Ricker, HS TI The economic of organic farming - An international perspective - Lampkin,NH, Padel,S SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Book Review RP Ricker, HS (reprint author), USDA,AGR MKT SERV,14TH ST & INDEPENDENCE AVE SW,S BLDG,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 79 IS 1 BP 280 EP 282 DI 10.2307/1243970 PG 3 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA XN127 UT WOS:A1997XN12700032 ER PT J AU Rehfeldt, GE AF Rehfeldt, GE TI Quantitative analyses of the genetic structure of closely related conifers with disparate distributions and demographics: The Cupressus arizonica (Cupressaceae) complex SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Cupressaceae; Cupressus arizonica; ecological genetics; genecology; genetic variation; microevolution; systematics ID WESTERN RED CEDAR; MENZIESII VAR GLAUCA; PINUS-PONDEROSA; DOUGLAS-FIR; ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; BREEDING STRATEGIES; SELF-FERTILIZATION; LARIX-OCCIDENTALIS; ISOZYME ANALYSIS AB Seedling populations of seven Cupressus taxa were compared in common gardens to assess relationships among taxa and to elucidate the genetic structure of three taxa with different distributions and demographics. Discriminant analyses of 15 quantitative traits separated C. sargentii and C. forbesii from taxa within the C. arizonica complex (C. arizonica, C. glabra, C. stephensonii, C. nevadensis, and C. montana); aligned a population of C. arizonica from Sierra de Arteaga, Mexico, with families of the same taxon from southwestern United States; and described a close relationship between C. nevadensis and C. glabra, but nevertheless separated taxa within the C. arizonica complex. Analyses of wind-pollinated progenies of single trees showed the narrow endemic, C. glabra, to have a greater degree of population differentiation than the more broadly dispersed C. arizonica. In addition, genetic variances within the numerically small populations of C. arizonica were about the same as in the much larger populations of C. glabra. The results also suggested that genetic variability in C. stephensonii, a taxon occurring in a single population,may occur primarily among inbred lines. While the genetic structures of C. arizonica and C. glabra have counterparts among broadly dispersed conifers, that of C. stephensonii appears to be unique. Together, the results support the view that genetic structure primarily reflects the uncertain, chance events that are interspersed throughout evolutionary history. RP Rehfeldt, GE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,INTERMT RES STN,USDA,1221 S MAIN,MOSCOW,ID 83843, USA. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 84 IS 2 BP 190 EP 200 DI 10.2307/2446080 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WK843 UT WOS:A1997WK84300005 PM 21712198 ER PT J AU Hopkinson, JM Butte, NF Ellis, KJ Wong, WW Puyau, MR Smith, EO AF Hopkinson, JM Butte, NF Ellis, KJ Wong, WW Puyau, MR Smith, EO TI Body fat estimation in late pregnancy and early postpartum: Comparison of two-, three-, and four-component models SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE pregnancy lactation; body composition; body fat; hydration of fat-free mass; potassium content of fat-free mass; density of fat-free mass ID HEALTHY SWEDISH WOMEN; FREE MASS; DENSITY; WATER AB Accurate methods for determining body fat mass during reproduction are necessary to evaluate energy balance. However, determination of fat mass is complicated during pregnancy by the accretion of water, which invalidates assumptions underlying standard two-compartment models. The extent to which the variability in body water during pregnancy invalidates use of pregnancy-corrected two-compartment models for determination of fat mass in individual women is unknown, Moreover, it is unclear whether body water returns to nonpregnant values by 2 wk postpartum, which is frequently used as the baseline in studies of postpartum women. The present study uses a four-component model as a criterion for evaluating two- and three-component models. Fifty-six healthy, normotensive women between the ages of 19 and 35 y were studied at 36 +/- 1 wk gestation and 15 +/- 2 d postpartum. Total body water (TBW), total body potassium (TBK), body density, and bone mineral content were measured by deuterium dilution, whole-body potassium counting, hydrodensitometry, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (postpartum only), respectively. At 2 wk postpartum; hydration and density of fat-free mass (FFM) had not returned to nonpregnant values, and differed between lactating and nonlactating women (P < 0.05). Accordingly, standard TBW and body density estimates of fat mass differed from four-component estimates at both time points (P < 0.005). Moreover, our data indicate that even when pregnancy-specific values for hydration or density of FFM are used in TBW and body density models, individual fat mass estimates may differ by > 3 kg from the Pour-component value. Fat mass by TBK may differ by > 10 kg from fat mass by the four-component model during pregnancy. and by 6 kg postpartum. Use of standard two-compartment models to estimate fat mass results in significant error both during pregnancy and at 2 wk postpartum. Pregnancy-corrected two-compartment models produce reliable mean fat mass estimates during pregnancy, but individual fat mass estimates may vary widely from four-component values. RP Hopkinson, JM (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED, USDA ARS, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, DEPT PEDIAT, 1100 BATES, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 65 IS 2 BP 432 EP 438 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WF053 UT WOS:A1997WF05300005 PM 9022527 ER PT J AU Cieslak, PR Noble, SJ Maxson, DJ Empey, LC Ravenholt, O Legarza, G Tuttle, J Doyle, MP Barrett, TJ Wells, JG McNamara, AM Griffin, PM AF Cieslak, PR Noble, SJ Maxson, DJ Empey, LC Ravenholt, O Legarza, G Tuttle, J Doyle, MP Barrett, TJ Wells, JG McNamara, AM Griffin, PM TI Hamburger-associated Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in Las Vegas: A hidden epidemic SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; BLOODY DIARRHEA; O157-H7; OUTBREAK AB Objectives. This study sought to determine whether a multistate fast food hamburger-associated outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection involved Las Vegas residents as well and, if so, why public health officials had not detected it. Methods. A matched case-control study was conducted among persons with bloody diarrhea and their healthy meal companions. Hamburger production, distribution, and cooking methods were reviewed. Unused hamburger patties were cultured, and E. coli O157:H7 isolates were characterized. Local laboratory stool culture practices were reviewed. Results. Fifty-eight cases of bloody diarrhea were identified. illness was associated with eating regular hamburgers (matched odds ratio [OR] = 9.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02, 433.4), but 25% of ill persons reported eating only jumbo hamburgers. Regular and jumbo hamburger patties yielded E. coli O157:H7 indistinguishable from the lone clinical isolate. No local laboratory cultured routinely for E. coli O157:H7 until after the outbreak. Conclusions. A large outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections escaped timely notice in Las Vegas because local laboratories did not culture for this pathogen, Health officials should encourage laboratories to screen at least all bloody stools on sorbitol-MacConkey medium. C1 CLARK CTY HLTH DIST,LAS VEGAS,NV. BUR LAB SERV,NEVADA DIV,RENO,NV. UNIV GEORGIA,GEORGIA STN,CTR FOOD SAFETY & QUAL ENHANCEMENT,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. USDA,FOOD SAFETY INSPECT SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP Cieslak, PR (reprint author), CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,NATL CTR INFECT DIS,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,MS A-38,ATLANTA,GA 30333, USA. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 1997 VL 87 IS 2 BP 176 EP 180 DI 10.2105/AJPH.87.2.176 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA WN493 UT WOS:A1997WN49300009 PM 9103093 ER PT J AU Focks, DA Chadee, DD AF Focks, DA Chadee, DD TI Pupal survey: An epidemiologically significant surveillance method for Aedes aegypti: An example using data from Trinidad SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION; VALIDATION; MODEL AB This report documents the results of a country-wide pupal survey of Aedes aegypti (L.) conducted in Trinidad. The survey was designed to identify the important Ae. aegypti-producing containers, importance being a function of a container's abundance and its productivity. Results are summarized on a country-wide basis and by county: urban versus rural comparisons are also made. Numerically, the most common water-filled containers positive for the larvae or pupae of Ae. aegypti (foci) were outdoor drums, water storage tanks and buckets, laundry tubs, discarded tires, and small miscellaneous containers such as drink bottles and cans. The island-wide average number of foci per hectare was 287 and ranged between 65 and 499. The average standing crop per container of Ae. aegypti pupae was 9.5 and ranged 12-fold, the most and least productive being the flower pot (> 30) and the small indoor vase (< 3), respectively. In terms of production by type of container, four of the 11 types, outdoor drums, tubs, buckets, and small containers, accounted for > 90% of all Ae. aegypti pupae: the remaining seven types were responsible for < 10%. If targeted source reduction programs were directed by how important various container types were in the production of Ae. aegypti, environmental sanitation efforts designed to actually eliminate the ubiquitous small receptacle and tires would reduce mosquito densities by 43%; the provision of an adequate water supply system precluding the need for water storage in drums and buckets would have the potential to eliminate an additional 38%. Combined, these two measures have the potential to reduce the sources responsible for > 80% of Ae. aegypti production in the country. In our survey, the traditional Stegomyia indices used to document the density of Ae. aegypti and predict the threat of dengue transmission, the House, Container, and Breteau indices, were seen to have virtually no correspondence with the actual number of pupae per hectare or per person. We conclude that pupal survey is more appropriate for assessing risk and directing control operations. C1 MINIST HLTH,INSECT VECTOR CONTROL DIV,ST JOSEPH,TRINID & TOBAGO. RP Focks, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,MED CTR,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 21 TC 185 Z9 196 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DRIVE SUITE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 56 IS 2 BP 159 EP 167 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA WP436 UT WOS:A1997WP43600010 PM 9080874 ER PT J AU Young, CR Nisbet, DJ Stanker, LH DeLoach, JR AF Young, CR Nisbet, DJ Stanker, LH DeLoach, JR TI Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to a Veillonella species from a continuous-flow culture system of chicken cecal bacteria SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article DE antibody; Veillonella; continuous flow; Salmonella; chicken ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BROILER CHICKS; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; DEFINED CULTURES; INTESTINAL FLORA; DIETARY LACTOSE; NURMI CULTURES; DNA PROBES; INFECTION AB Administering native intestinal nora to newly hatched chicks protects against cecal Salmonella colonization, and is known as competitive exclusion. Continuous-flow culture systems have been used to maintain defined competitive exclusion cultures. We have recently demonstrated that such a stable continuous-flow culture, CF3, contains 29 bacterial strains representing ten genera. Broiler chicks treated with CF3 are protected against Salmonella colonization of the ceca. Such protection is correlated with elevated concentrations of proprionic acid in the cecal contents of treated chicks. In this study we report on the preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to one of the proprionic acid producing anaerobes contained in CF3, namely Veillonella CF3. Five different monoclonal antibodies were characterized with respect to: (1) isotype; (2) Veillonella specificity as judged by cross-reactivity profiles with other bacteria; (3) sensitivity as measured by the Limit of detection of the number of colony forming units of Veillonella; and (4) antigen recognition of Veillonella by Western Blot analysis. These antibodies have been used to enumerate Veillonella in both the CF3 cultures and in the ceca of young chicks. (C) 1997 Academic Press. RP Young, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD & FEED SAFETY RES UNIT,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 1075-9964 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD FEB PY 1997 VL 3 IS 1 BP 27 EP 34 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WV839 UT WOS:A1997WV83900003 PM 16887559 ER PT J AU Bartelt, RJ AF Bartelt, RJ TI Calibration of a commercial solid-phase microextraction device for measuring headspace concentrations of organic volatiles SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a versatile new technique for collecting headspace volatiles prior to GC analysis. The commercial availability of uniform SPME fibers makes routine, practical quantitation of headspace concentrations possible, but straightforward information for relating GC peak areas from SPME analyses to headspace concentrations has not been available. The calibration factors (amount absorbed by the fiber divided by headspace concentration) were determined for 71 compounds using SPME fibers with a 100 mu m poly(dimethylsiloxane) coating, The compounds ranged from 1 to 16 carbons in size and included a variety of functional groups. Calibration factors varied widely, being 7000 times higher for tetradecane than for acetaldehyde, Most compounds with. a Kovats retention index of <1300 on a nonpolar GC column (DB-1) equilibrated with the fiber in 30 min or less, A regression model is presented for predicting the calibration factor from GC retention index, temperature, sued analyte functional class, The calibration factor increased with retention index but decreased with increasing sampling temperature, For a given retention index, polar compounds such as amines and alcohols were absorbed by the fibers in greater amounts than were hydrocarbons, Henry's law constants determined using SPME were in general agreement with literature values, which supported the accuracy of the measured calibration factors, An unexpected concentration dependence of calibration factors was noted, especially for nitrogen-containing and hydroxy compounds; calibration factors were relatively higher (the SPME fiber was more sensitive) at the lower analyte concentrations. RP Bartelt, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOACT AGENTS RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 7 TC 87 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 1997 VL 69 IS 3 BP 364 EP 372 DI 10.1021/ac960820n PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA WF041 UT WOS:A1997WF04100016 PM 21639189 ER PT J AU Goudas, LC Carr, DB Marchand, JE Paulson, KE Greenblatt, DJ Kream, RM AF Goudas, LC Carr, DB Marchand, JE Paulson, KE Greenblatt, DJ Kream, RM TI C-Fos induction and glutathione depletion in liver and kidney of the rat after central morphine administration SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,DEPT ANESTHESIA,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,DEPT PHARMACOL & EXPT THERAPEUT,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,GENET LAB,HNRCA,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 84 SU 2 BP S487 EP S487 PG 1 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA WF780 UT WOS:A1997WF78000486 ER PT J AU Grosz, MD SolinasToldo, S Stone, RT Kappes, SM Fries, R Beattie, CW AF Grosz, MD SolinasToldo, S Stone, RT Kappes, SM Fries, R Beattie, CW TI Chromosomal localization of six bovine microsatellite markers SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE bovine; chromosomal assignments; microsatellite ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; GENOME; COSMIDS; CATTLE AB Six lambda genomic clones containing polymorphic microsatellite (MS) markers were assigned to bovine chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 7, 13 and 24 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Linkage data for four MS markers were presented earlier and linkage data for the remaining two on chromosome 7 and 24 are presented here. All assignments either orient or confirm the orientation of linkage groups relative to the centromere, A comparison of physical assignments and linkage intervals was possible on chromosome 5 (three loci, 38 cM) and 13 (two loci, 6 cM). C1 USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. UNIV MUNICH,LEHRSTUHL TIERZUCHT TECH,D-85350 FREISING,GERMANY. USDA ARS,FT KEOGH LIVESTOCK & RANGE RES LAB,MILES CITY,MT 59301. GERMAN CANC RES CTR,ORG COMPLEX GENOMES,D-69120 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. OI Fries, Ruedi/0000-0002-4657-1787 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1 BP 39 EP 40 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1997.00057.x PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA WP207 UT WOS:A1997WP20700006 PM 9124705 ER PT J AU Hu, Z Rohrer, GA Stone, RT Beattie, CW AF Hu, Z Rohrer, GA Stone, RT Beattie, CW TI Nebulin (NEB) maps to porcine chromosome (SSC) 15 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID LINKAGE MAP C1 USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1 BP 61 EP 62 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA WP207 UT WOS:A1997WP20700016 PM 9124715 ER PT J AU Stone, RT Kappes, SM Keele, JW Beattie, CW AF Stone, RT Kappes, SM Keele, JW Beattie, CW TI Characterization of 109 bovine microsatellites SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article RP Stone, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 2 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1 BP 62 EP 66 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA WP207 UT WOS:A1997WP20700017 PM 9124716 ER PT J AU McGraw, RA Grosse, WM Kappes, SM Beattie, CW Stone, RT AF McGraw, RA Grosse, WM Kappes, SM Beattie, CW Stone, RT TI Thirty-four bovine microsatellite markers SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS,US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. RP McGraw, RA (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,COLL VET MED,DEPT PHYSIOL & PHARMACOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 1 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 28 IS 1 BP 66 EP 68 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA WP207 UT WOS:A1997WP20700019 PM 9124718 ER PT J AU Wang, ZC Acock, MC Acock, B AF Wang, ZC Acock, MC Acock, B TI Photoperiod sensitivity during flower development of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L) SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE anthesis; days to flowering; flower bud; opium poppy; Papaver sonniferum L; photoperiod sensitivity; predicting time to flowering; transfer AB Photoperiod is a major factor in flower development of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L. 'album DC') which is a long-day plant. Predicting time to flower in field-grown opium poppy requires knowledge of which stages of growth are sensitive to photoperiod and how the rate of flower development is influenced by photoperiod. The objective of this work was to determine when poppy plants first become sensitive to photoperiod and how long photoperiod continues to influence the time to first flower under consistent temperature conditions. Plants were grown in artificially-lit growth chambers with either a 16-h photoperiod (highly flower inductive) or a 9-h photoperiod (non-inductive). Plants were transferred at 1 to 3-d intervals from a 16- to a 9-h photoperiod and vice versa. All chambers were maintained at a 12-h thermoperiod of 25/20 degrees C. Poppy plants became sensitive to photoperiod 4 d after emergence and required a minimum of four inductive cycles (short dark periods) before the plant flowered. Additional inductive cycles, up to a maximum of nine, hastened flowering. After 13 inductive cycles, flowering time was no longer influenced by photoperiod. These results indicate that the interval between emergence and first flower can be divided into four phases: (1) a photoperiod-insensitive juvenile phase (JP); (2) a photoperiod-sensitive inductive phase (PSP); (3) a photoperiod-sensitive post-inductive phase (PSPP); and (4) a photoperiod-insensitive post-inductive phase (PIPP). The minimum durations of these phases for Papaver somniferum 'album DC' under the conditions of our experiment were determined as 4 d, 4 d, 9 d, and 14 d, respectively. (C) 1997 Annals of Botany Company. RP Wang, ZC (reprint author), USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING & MODELING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 6 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 79 IS 2 BP 129 EP 132 DI 10.1006/anbo.1996.0319 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WH449 UT WOS:A1997WH44900004 ER PT J AU Banowetz, GM AF Banowetz, GM TI Cultivars of hexaploid wheat of contrasting stature and chlorophyll retention differ in cytokinin content and responsiveness SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE wheat; Triticum aestivum; cytokinin; zeatin riboside; benzyladenine; root inhibition ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; ZEATIN RIBOSIDE; XYLEM SAP; IPT GENE; PLANTS; PHYTOCHROME; SENESCENCE; TISSUES AB The work reported here compared cytokinin content and sensitivity in a selection of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars using the following measurements: leaf cytokinins at three time points during light-growth and at four 24 h intervals after light-grown plants were transferred to darkness; sensitivity of root growth to direct applications of isopentenyl adenosine ([9R]iP); and, sensitivity of germination and subsequent root and shoot growth to 18 h imbibition of seeds in benzyladenine (BA). Accumulation of zeatin riboside-type cultivars was greatest during light-growth in Tibet Dwarf a wheat with an extreme dwarf phenotype, intermediate in Omar standard and dwarf cultivars, and lowest in the standard and dwarf versions of ltana. Cytokinin levels were otherwise not directly correlated to plant stature in these wheats. There were no cultivar-associated qualitative differences in the types of cytokinins detected in this study. During the 16 h light period, the content of zeatin riboside-type cytokinins increased up to tenfold and then declined to basal levels during dark growth. Chlorophyll retention during dark-growth was correlated with leaf cytokinin content. Data collected at a restricted number of sampling points during dark-growth suggested a cyclic accumulation of [9R]iP-type cytokinins and the apparent cycle in Tibet Dwarf was offset by 24 h. Tibet Dwarf showed the greatest root growth inhibition after exposure of seedling roots to [9R]iP or imbibition of seeds in BA. Neither of these treatments affected shoot growth in any of the cultivars. (C) 1997 Annals of Botany Company. RP Banowetz, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS,3450 SW CAMPUS WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 79 IS 2 BP 185 EP 190 DI 10.1006/anbo.1996.0325 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WH449 UT WOS:A1997WH44900012 ER PT J AU Read, JJ Morgan, JA Chatterton, NJ Harrison, PA AF Read, JJ Morgan, JA Chatterton, NJ Harrison, PA TI Gas exchange and carbohydrate and nitrogen concentrations in leaves of Pascopyrum smithii (C-3) and Bonteloua gracilis (C-4) at different carbon dioxide concentrations and temperatures SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE acclimation; blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis (HBK) Lag ex Steud); leaf nitrogen concentration; nonstructural carbohydrates; photosynthesis; western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb) Love) ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; ELEVATED CO2; BOUTELOUA-GRACILIS; COOL TEMPERATURES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ACCLIMATION; STARCH; ACCUMULATION; PLANTS; GROWTH AB Pascopyrum smithii (C-3) and Bouteloua gracilis (C-4) are important forage grasses native to the Colorado shortgrass steppe. This study investigated photosynthetic responses of these grasses to long-term CO2 enrichment and temperature in relation to leaf nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) and [N]. Glasshouse-grown seedlings were transferred to growth chambers and grown for 49 d at two CO2 concentrations (380 and 750 mu mol mol(-1)) al 20 and 35 degrees C, and two additional temperatures (25 and 30 degrees C) at 750 mu mol mol(-1) CO2. Leaf CO2 exchange rate (CER) was measured at a plant's respective growth temperature and at two CO2 concentrations of approx. 380 and 700 mu mol mol(-1). Long-term CO2 enrichment stimulated CER in both species, although the response was greater in the CER P. smithii. Doubling the [CO2] from 380 to 750 mu mol mol(-1) stimulated CER of P. smithii slightly more in plants grown and measured al 30 degrees C compared to plants grown at 20, 25 or 35 degrees C. CO2-enriched plants sometimes exhibited lower CER when compared to ambient-grown controls measured at the same [CO2], indicating photosynthetic acclimation to CO2 growth regime. In P. smithii, such reductions in CER were associated with increases in TNC and specific leaf mass, reductions in leaf [N] and, in one instance, a reduction in leaf conductance compared to controls. In B. gracilis, photosynthetic acclimation was observed more often, but significant changes in leaf metabolite levels from growth at different [CO2] were generally less evident. Temperatures considered optimal for growth (C-3: 20 degrees C; C-4: 35 degrees C) sometimes led to CO2-induced accumulations of TNC in both species, with starch accumulating in the leaves of both species, and fructans accumulating only in P. smithii. Photosynthesis of both species is likely to be enhanced in future CO2-enriched and warmer environments, although responses will sometimes be attenuated by acclimation. (C) 1997 Annals of Botany Company. C1 USDA ARS,CROPS RES LAB,RANGELAND RESOURCES RES UNIT,FT COLLINS,CO 80526. AUSTRALIAN NATL UNIV,CRC PLANT SCI,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 35 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 79 IS 2 BP 197 EP 206 DI 10.1006/anbo.1996.0331 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WH449 UT WOS:A1997WH44900014 ER PT J AU DeLucca, AJ Bland, JM Jacks, TJ Grimm, C Cleveland, TE Walsh, TJ AF DeLucca, AJ Bland, JM Jacks, TJ Grimm, C Cleveland, TE Walsh, TJ TI Fungicidal activity of Cecropin A SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID BROTH MICRODILUTION METHOD; ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS; FUSARIUM INFECTIONS; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIAGNOSIS; AGENTS; AIDS AB Cecropin A (CA) fungicidal properties were explored. Nongerminated and germinated Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. conidia were treated with CA. CA achieved complete lethality at less than or equal to 25 mu M (99 mu g/ml) for germinating, but not nongerminating, conidia of Aspergillus spp. CA achieved total lethality for nongerminated and germinating conidia of Fusarium spp at 1.5 mu M (6 mu g/ml). MIC and minimal lethal concentration assays in buffered RPMI medium gave similar results. C1 NCI,PEDIAT BRANCH,IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST SECT,NIH,BETHESDA,MD 20892. RP DeLucca, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,1100 ROBERT E LEE BLVD,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 36 TC 67 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 41 IS 2 BP 481 EP 483 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA WG303 UT WOS:A1997WG30300044 PM 9021214 ER PT J AU Lai, XK Davis, FC Hespell, RB Ingram, LO AF Lai, XK Davis, FC Hespell, RB Ingram, LO TI Cloning of cellobiose phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase genes: Functional expression in recombinant Escherichia coli and identification of a putative binding region for disaccharides? SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEDUCED PROTEIN-SEQUENCE; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; ENZYME-II; ENTERIC BACTERIA; CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOCELLUM; SUGAR PHOSPHORYLATION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; MULTIPLE ALIGNMENT AB Genomic libraries from nine cellobiose-metabolizing bacteria were screened for cellobiose utilization, Positive clones were recovered from six libraries, all of which encode, phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) proteins. Clones from Bacillus subtilis, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, and Klebsiella oxytoca allowed the growth of recombinant Escherichia coli in cellobiose-M9 minimal medium. The K. oxytoca clone, pLOI1906, exhibited an unusually broad substrate range (cellobiose, arbutin, salicin, and methylumbelliferyl derivatives of glucose, cellobiose, mannose, and xylose) and was sequenced. The insert in this plasmid encoded the carboxy-terminal region of a putative regulatory protein, cellobiose permease (single polypeptide), and phospho-beta-glucosidase, which appear to form an operon (casRAB). Subclones allowed both casA and casB to be expressed independently, as evidenced by in vitro complementation. An analysis of the translated Sequences from the EIIC domains of cellobiose, aryl-beta-glucoside, and other disaccharide permeases allowed the identification of a 50-amino-acid conserved region. A disaccharide consensus sequence is proposed for the most conserved segment (13 amino acids), which may represent part of the EIIC active site for binding and phosphorylation. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT MICROBIOL & CELL SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 69 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 63 IS 2 BP 355 EP 363 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA WF496 UT WOS:A1997WF49600001 PM 9023916 ER PT J AU Smith, MR Zahnley, JC AF Smith, MR Zahnley, JC TI Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-1355 mutants producing alternansucrases exhibiting decreases in apparent molecular mass SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NRRL B-512F; DEXTRANSUCRASE; PURIFICATION; GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE; SELECTION AB Mutants of Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-1355 exhibiting decreases in the apparent molecular mass of alternansucrase on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels stained for enzyme activity were isolated after mutagenizing strain R15 with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Strain R15 was a UV mutant of strain B-1355 which was enriched for production of alternansucrase, All strains produced principal and minor alternansucrase bands on SDS gels when cultures were subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The patterns of the principal and minor activity bands on our SDS gels did not result from dextran-enzyme complexes, because mutants constitutive for synthesis of glucosyltransferases (GTFs) on sugars other than sucrose produced activity bands after growth in glucose medium that were the same as those produced after growth in sucrose medium, Dextransucrase, which had been inactivated by heating at 45 degrees C, was reactivated when subjected to SDS-PAGE, showing that our SDS-PAGE conditions were reversibly denaturing, Thermal denaturation at 45 degrees C did not involve a dispersal of GTFs into subunits, Densitometry measurements showed a roughly linear relationship between enzyme activity and band intensity over a loading range of 0.2 to 0.8 mU per sample well. We concluded that SDS-PAGE followed by activity staining was a reliable method for estimating numbers and ratios of GTFs produced by Leuconostoc sp, in media containing sucrose. RP Smith, MR (reprint author), USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,800 BUCHANAN ST,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 63 IS 2 BP 581 EP 586 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA WF496 UT WOS:A1997WF49600034 PM 16535514 ER PT J AU Klepzig, KD Wilkens, RT AF Klepzig, KD Wilkens, RT TI Competitive interactions among symbiotic fungi of the southern pine beetle SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REPLACEMENT SERIES; CERATOCYSTIS-MINOR; MYCANGIAL FUNGI; LOBLOLLY-PINE; COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; BLUESTAIN AB The southern pine beetle, a damaging pest of conifers, is intimately linked to three symbiotic fungi. Two fungi, Ceratocystiopsis ranaculosus and Entomocorticium sp. A, are transported within specialized structures (mycangia) in the beetle exoskeleton and are mutualists of the beetle. A third fungus, Ophiostoma minus, is transported externally on the beetle exoskeleton (phoretically) and is an antagonist of the beetle. This study examined competitive interactions among these three fungi. The results of de Wit replacement series and primary and secondary resource capture assays with these fungi provide strong evidence for differential competition between the phoretic and mycangial fungi. O. minus was the most able to capture both uncolonized and colonized resources. Entomocorticium sp. A and C. ranaculosus, although equal to one another in competitive abilities, differed in their ability to compete with O. minus. Entomocorticium sp. A was able to maintain space free of O. minus to a much greater degree than was C. ranaculosus. The outcome of such competitive interactions may have significant impacts on the biology of this ecologically and economically important beetle. C1 DARTMOUTH COLL,DEPT BIOL SCI,HANOVER,NH 03755. RP Klepzig, KD (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,SO RES STN,FOREST INSECT RES,2500 SHREVEPORT HWY,PINEVILLE,LA 71360, USA. NR 26 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 63 IS 2 BP 621 EP 627 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA WF496 UT WOS:A1997WF49600040 PM 16535518 ER PT J AU Maglione, G Russell, JB Wilson, DB AF Maglione, G Russell, JB Wilson, DB TI Kinetics of cellulose digestion by Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-SURFACE-STRUCTURES; BACTEROIDES-SUCCINOGENES; RUMINAL MICROORGANISMS; RUMEN BACTERIA; PURE CULTURES; DEGRADATION; CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULASE; ENDOGLUCANASE-2; FERMENTATION AB Growing cultures of Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 digested cellulose at a rapid rate, but nongrowing cells and cell extracts did not have detectable crystalline cellulase activity. Cells that had been growing exponentially on cellobiose initiated cellulose digestion and succinate production immediately, and cellulose-dependent succinate production could be used as an index of enzyme activity against crystalline cellulose. Cells incubated with cellulose never produced detectable cellobiose, and cells that were preincubated for a short time with thiocellobiose lost their ability to digest cellulose (competitive inhibition [K-i] of only 0.2 mg/ml or 0.56 mM). Eased on these results, the crystalline cellulases off. succinogenes were very sensitive to feedback inhibition. Different cellulose sources bound different amounts of Congo red, and the binding capacity was HCI-regenerated cellulose > ball-milled cellulose > Sigmacel > Avicel > filter paper. Congo red binding capacity was highly correlated with the maximum rates of metabolism of cellulose digestion and inversely related to K-m. Congo red (250 mu g/ml) did not inhibit the growth off. succinogenes S85 on cellobiose, but this concentration of Congo red inhibited the rate of ball-milled cellulose digestion. A Lineweaver-Burk plot of ball-milled cellulose digestion rate versus the amount of cellulose indicated that Congo red was a competitive inhibitor of cellulose digestion (K-i was 250 mu g/ml). C1 CORNELL UNIV,MICROBIOL SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. CORNELL UNIV,BIOCHEM SECT,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853. NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 63 IS 2 BP 665 EP 669 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA WF496 UT WOS:A1997WF49600046 PM 16535519 ER PT J AU Shi, Y Odt, CL Weimer, PJ AF Shi, Y Odt, CL Weimer, PJ TI Competition for cellulose among three predominant ruminal cellulolytic bacteria under substrate-excess and substrate-limited conditions SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; FED CONTINUOUS-CULTURE; TREATED WHEAT-STRAW; RUMINOCOCCUS-FLAVEFACIENS; RUMEN BACTERIA; BACTEROIDES-SUCCINOGENES; FIBROBACTER-SUCCINOGENES; FIBROLYTIC BACTERIA; INSOLUBLE CELLULOSE; DILUTION RATE AB Three predominant ruminal cellulolytic bacteria (Fibrobacter succinogenes S85, Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1, and Ruminococcus albus 7) were grown in different binary combinations to determine the outcome of competition in either cellulose-excess batch culture or in cellulose-limited continuous culture. Relative populations of each species were estimated by using signature membrane-associated fatty acids and/or 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes. Both F. succinogenes and R. flavefaciens coexisted in cellulose-excess batch culture with similar population sizes (58 and 42%, respectively; standard error, 12%). By contrast, under cellulose limitation R. flavefaciens predominated (>96% of total cell mass) in coculture with F. succinogenes, regardless of whether the two strains were inoculated simultaneously or whether R. flavefaciens was inoculated into an established culture of F. succinogenes. The predominance of R. flavefaciens over F. succinogenes under cellulose limitation is in accord with the former's more rapid adherence to cellulose and its higher affinity for cellodextrin products of cellulose hydrolysis. In batch cocultures of F. succinogenes and R. albus, the populations of the two species were similar. However, under cellulose limitation, F. succinogenes was the predominant strain (similar to 80% of cell mass) in cultures simultaneously coinoculated with R. albus. The results from batch cocultures of R. flavefaciens and R.; albus were not consistent within or among trials: some experiments yielded monocultures of R. albus (suggesting production of an inhibitory agent by R. albus), while others contained substantial populations of both species. Under cellulose limitation, R. flavefaciens predominated over X. albus (85 and 15%, respectively), as would be expected by the former's greater adherence to cellulose. The retention of R. albus in the cellulose-limited coculture may result from a combination of its ability to utilize glucose (which is not utilizable by R. flavefaciens), its demonstrated ability to adapt under selective pressure in the chemostat to utilization of lower concentrations of cellobiose, a major product of cellulose hydrolysis, and its possible production of an inhibitory agent. C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 36 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 63 IS 2 BP 734 EP 742 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA WF496 UT WOS:A1997WF49600056 PM 9023950 ER PT J AU Shi, Y Weimer, PJ AF Shi, Y Weimer, PJ TI Competition for cellobiose among three predominant ruminal cellulolytic bacteria under substrate-excess and substrate-limited conditions SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FED CONTINUOUS-CULTURE; RUMINOCOCCUS-FLAVEFACIENS; FIBROBACTER-SUCCINOGENES; RUMEN BACTERIA; INSOLUBLE CELLULOSE; DILUTION RATE; FERMENTATION; GROWTH; ALBUS; METABOLISM AB The ruminal cellulolytic bacteria Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 and Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 coexisted in substrate-excess coculture with about equal population size, but R. flavefaciens outcompeted F. succinogenes for cellobiose in the substrate-limited cocultures whether the two strains were coinoculated or a steady-state culture of F. succinogenes was challenged by R. flavefaciens. This outcome of competition between these two strains is due to a classical pure and simple competition mechanism based on affinity for cellobiose. Although the population size of F. succinogenes was much higher (>70%) than that of another cellulolytic species, Ruminococcus albus 7 in substrate-excess coculture, F. succinogenes was replaced by a population of R. albus in the substrate-limited coculture in both coinoculation and challenge experiments. R. albus outcompeted F. succinogenes, apparently due to selection in the chemostat of a population of R. albus with a higher affinity for cellobiose. R. albus also outcompeted R. flavefaciens under substrate-limited conditions. C1 USDA ARS,US DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT DAIRY SCI,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT BACTERIOL,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 63 IS 2 BP 743 EP 748 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA WF496 UT WOS:A1997WF49600057 PM 9023951 ER PT J AU Jensen, KA Bao, WL Kawai, S Srebotnik, E Hammel, KE AF Jensen, KA Bao, WL Kawai, S Srebotnik, E Hammel, KE TI Manganese-dependent cleavage of nonphenolic lignin structures by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora in the absence of lignin peroxidase (vol 62, pg 3684, 1996) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition RP Jensen, KA (reprint author), USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,INST MICROBIAL & BIOCHEM TECHNOL,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 63 IS 2 BP 815 EP 815 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA WF496 UT WOS:A1997WF49600076 PM 16535528 ER PT J AU Amacher, GS Feather, PM AF Amacher, GS Feather, PM TI Testing producer perceptions of jointly beneficial best management practices for improved water quality SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID ADOPTION AB This paper examines producer perceptions of jointly beneficial relationships among best management practices for improved water quality. Identifying producer tendencies to bundle these types of practices may increase adoption and lower the costs of voluntary adoption programmes, particularly those relying on dissemination of information. Unlike previous studies, perceived changes in environmental quality, as well as perceived changes in profits, are used to define jointly beneficial inputs. The econometric model used in the analysis demonstrates that two of the three management practices considered are perceived to be jointly beneficial. C1 USDA,ECON RES SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20005. RP Amacher, GS (reprint author), VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,CHEATHAM HALL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4P 4EE SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 29 IS 2 BP 153 EP 159 PG 7 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA WL172 UT WOS:A1997WL17200004 ER PT J AU Edwards, JH Walker, RH AF Edwards, JH Walker, RH TI Using organic residuals on highly erodible soil SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP Edwards, JH (reprint author), ARS,USDA,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,AUBURN,AL 36830, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD FEB PY 1997 VL 38 IS 2 BP 56 EP 57 PG 2 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA WG396 UT WOS:A1997WG39600040 ER PT J AU Xie, ZN Wu, ZX Nettles, WC Saldana, G Nordlund, DA AF Xie, ZN Wu, ZX Nettles, WC Saldana, G Nordlund, DA TI In vitro culture of Trichogramma spp on artificial diets containing yeast extract and ultracentrifuged chicken egg yolk but devoid of insect components SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Trichogramma spp; Ephestia kuehniella; in vitro culture; artificial diet; ultracentrifuged chicken egg yolk; yeast ID INVITRO CULTURE; PRETIOSUM AB Trichogramma minutum Riley and Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) were cultured in vitro from eggs to adults on artificial diets, which contained no insect components. The diets contained ultracentrifuged chicken egg yolk, milk, Grace's insect medium, and yeast extract. The most important components were the yeast extract and ultracentrifuged chicken egg yolk. Addition of the sediment of ultracentrifuged chicken egg yolk to a diet containing yeast extract enhanced yield of pupae 2.2-fold and of adults 2.7-fold, Based on numbers of first instars and pupae, respectively, the best diet produced 94% pupae and 28% adults of T. minutum. C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,BIOL CONTROL PESTS RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596. TEXAS A&M UNIV,WESLACO,TX 78596. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 1997 VL 8 IS 2 BP 107 EP 110 DI 10.1006/bcon.1996.0496 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA WH250 UT WOS:A1997WH25000003 ER PT J AU Entry, JA Wood, BH Edwards, JH Wood, CW AF Entry, JA Wood, BH Edwards, JH Wood, CW TI Influence of organic by-products and nitrogen source on chemical and microbiological status of an agricultural soil SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE newsprint; woodchips; cotton gin waste; yard waste; poultry liter; mineralization; microbial biomass; cellulose degradation; soil fertility ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; BLACK CHERNOZEM; LIGNIN DEGRADATION; MUNICIPAL REFUSE; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; CROP ROTATIONS; FOREST SOILS; AMENDED SOIL; MINERALIZATION; CARBON AB We assessed the influence of the addition of four municipal or agricultural by-products (cotton gin waste, ground newsprint, woodchips, or yard trimmings), combined with two sources of nitrogen (N), [ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) or poultry litter] as carbon (C) sources on active bacterial, active fungal and total microbial biomass, cellulose decomposition, potential net mineralization of soil C and N and soil nutrient status in agricultural soils. Cotton gin waste as a C source promoted the highest potential net N mineralization and N turnover. Municipal or agricultural by-products as C sources had no affect on active bacterial, active fungal or total microbial biomass, C turnover, or the ratio of net C:N mineralized. Organic by-products and N additions to soil did not consistently affect C turnover rates, active bacterial, active fungal or total microbial biomass. After 3, 6 or 9 weeks of laboratory incubation, soil amended with organic by-products plus poultry Litter resulted in higher cellulose degradation rates than soil amended with organic by-products plus NH4NO3. Cellulose degradation was highest when soil was amended with newsprint plus poultry litter. When soil was amended with organic by-products plus NH4NO3, cellulose degradation did not differ from soil amended with only poultry litter or unamended soil. Soil amended with organic by-products had higher concentrations of soil C than soil amended with only poultry litter or unamended soil. Soil amended with organic by-products plus N as poultry litter generally, but not always, had higher extractable P, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations than soil amended with poultry litter or unamende soil. Agricultural soil amended with organic byproducts and N had higher extractable N, P, K, Ca and Mg than unamended soil. Since cotton gin waste plus poultry litter resulted in higher cellulose degradation and net N mineralization, its use may result in faster increase in soil nutrient status than the other organic by-products and N sources that were tested. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT AGRON & SOILS,AUBURN,AL 36849. AUBURN UNIV,ALABAMA AGR EXPT STN,AUBURN,AL 36849. ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,USDA,AUBURN,AL 36831. NR 57 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD FEB PY 1997 VL 24 IS 2 BP 196 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s003740050231 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA WL913 UT WOS:A1997WL91300011 ER PT J AU Alaimo, MH Germann, MW Malin, EL Farrell, HM AF Alaimo, MH Germann, MW Malin, EL Farrell, HM TI Resonance assignments and secondary structural features of bovine alpha(s1)-casein peptides by 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIV,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19107. USDA,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. RI German, Markus/L-1531-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 72 IS 2 BP TH256 EP TH256 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA WE747 UT WOS:A1997WE74702232 ER PT J AU MoraGutierrez, A Kumosinski, TF Farrell, HM AF MoraGutierrez, A Kumosinski, TF Farrell, HM TI K-carrageenan-casein interaction in deuterated mixtures of bovine and caprine whole caseins: An oxygen-17 nuclear magnetic resonance study. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PRAIRIE VIEW A&M UNIV,CARC,PRAIRIE VIEW,TX 77446. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19118. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 72 IS 2 BP TU454 EP TU454 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA WE747 UT WOS:A1997WE74701239 ER PT J AU Tu, SI Patterson, D Uknalis, J AF Tu, SI Patterson, D Uknalis, J TI Mg-ATP enhances the fluorescent labeling of E-coli O157:H7 by DAPI. SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,NAA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 72 IS 2 BP TU461 EP TU461 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA WE747 UT WOS:A1997WE74701243 ER PT J AU Unruh, JJ Kumosinski, TF Farrell, HF AF Unruh, JJ Kumosinski, TF Farrell, HF TI Comparison of infrared methods to study thermal induced structural changes in proteins: ATR vs transmission spectroscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA,ERRC,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 72 IS 2 BP TU417 EP TU417 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA WE747 UT WOS:A1997WE74701203 ER PT J AU Novotny, JA Metzger, S Gawienowski, M Briskin, D Whitmarsh, J AF Novotny, JA Metzger, S Gawienowski, M Briskin, D Whitmarsh, J TI Proton and hydroxide decay kinetics in buffered vesicles SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS,DIET & HUMAN PERFORMANCE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV ILLINOIS,CTR BIOPHYS & COMPUTAT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CROP SCI,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 72 IS 2 BP WPMF4 EP WPMF4 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA WE747 UT WOS:A1997WE74701401 ER PT J AU Konecny, P Redinbaugh, MG AF Konecny, P Redinbaugh, MG TI Amplification of differentially displayed PCR products isolated from untreated denaturing polyacrylamide gels SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ARBITRARILY PRIMED PCR; MESSENGER-RNA; IDENTIFICATION; CLONING C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD FEB PY 1997 VL 22 IS 2 BP 240 EP & PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA WH890 UT WOS:A1997WH89000009 PM 9043690 ER PT J AU Nunez, A StArmand, G Foglia, TA Piazza, GJ AF Nunez, A StArmand, G Foglia, TA Piazza, GJ TI Immobilization of hydroperoxide lyase from Chlorella SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID HYDROPEROXIDES; LIPOXYGENASE; TALC AB Hydroperoxide lyase (HPLS) isolated from microalgae is an enzyme that oxidatively cleaves 13-hydroperoxy-cis-9-trans-11-octadecadienoic acid to a C-13 oxocarboxylic acid and a small C-5 fragment, Acetone powder extracts from Chlorella pyrenoidosa and C, fusca that contained HPLS were partly purified by chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, Five commercially available gels were evaluated for their ability to immobilize the HPLS preparations by determining their capacity for protein binding and the activity and stability of immobilized HPLS, It was found that Reacti-Gel (6X) and Affi-Gels 10, 15, 102 and 501 could bind 60-90% of the available protein, However, HPLS activity was detected only when the enzyme was immobilized on Affi-Gels 10, 15 and 501, The stability of immobilized HPLS during storage at 5 degrees C for several months was determined, Product yields with repeated use of the immobilized preparations were also determined, These measurements demonstrated that Affi-Gel 10 and 501 are the best gels for the immobilization of HPLS, A pH study of HPLS immobilized on Affi-Gel 501 showed that enzymic activity was retained from pH 6 to, pH 9, with maximal activity at pH 6.5. RP Nunez, A (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES SERV,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. OI Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0885-4513 J9 BIOTECHNOL APPL BIOC JI Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 25 BP 75 EP 80 PN 1 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA WF463 UT WOS:A1997WF46300011 ER PT J AU Bon, JA Leathers, TD Jayaswal, RK AF Bon, JA Leathers, TD Jayaswal, RK TI Isolation of astaxanthin-overproducing mutants of Phaffia rhodozyma SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID YEAST; CAROTENOIDS; CORN AB We isolated mutants of Phaffia rhodozyma strain NRRL Y-17269 that overproduced astaxanthin when grown on corn-based fuel ethanol stillage (thin stillage, TS, or fuel ethanol byproducts). Ten mi cultures of mutant strain JB2 produced 1.54+/-0.21 mu g carotenoid/mg dry weight when grown on 70% thin stillage at pH 5.2, compared with 0.38+/-0.04 mu g/mg produced by the parental strain. Furthermore, JB2 produced similar astaxanthin concentrations when grown in either thin stillage or yeast malt broth. By comparison, previously described astaxanthin overproducing strain NRRL Y-17811 yielded 1.08+/-0.07 mu g/mg in yeast malt broth but only 0.67+/-0.03 mu g/mg in thin stillage. Five liter fermentation experiments using JB2 grown on 70% thin stillage at pH 5.2 yielded 2.01+/-0.17 mu g/mg astaxanthin. Thus, JB2 is uniquely suited for astaxanthin production from low cost thin stillage. C1 ILLINOIS STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,NORMAL,IL 61790. USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 25 TC 36 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 9 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 19 IS 2 BP 109 EP 112 DI 10.1023/A:1018391726206 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA WP560 UT WOS:A1997WP56000003 ER PT J AU Villeneuve, P Pina, M Skarbek, A Graille, J Foglia, TA AF Villeneuve, P Pina, M Skarbek, A Graille, J Foglia, TA TI Specificity of Carica papaya latex lipase-catalyzed interesterification reactions SO BIOTECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article AB Enzymatic interesterification of the chiral triacylglycerol, 1-butyroyl-2-stearoyl-3-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol (sn-BSP) with trimyristin indicated that the lipase present in Carica papaya latex exhibits an sn3 stereoselectivity. Other interesterification experiments with homogeneous triacylglycerols of varying chain length with tricaprylin showed that this enzyme also has a typoselectivity for short chain fatty acids. C1 USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,AGR RES SERV,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. CIRAD CP,LAB LIPOTECHNIE,F-34032 MONTPELLIER,FRANCE. RI Villeneuve, Pierre/C-1264-2008 OI Villeneuve, Pierre/0000-0003-1685-1494 NR 10 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0951-208X J9 BIOTECHNOL TECH JI Biotechnol. Tech. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 11 IS 2 BP 91 EP 94 DI 10.1023/A:1018416422282 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA WP559 UT WOS:A1997WP55900007 ER PT J AU Anderson, DM Cox, ML AF Anderson, DM Cox, ML TI Smicronyx species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), economically important seed predators of witchweeds (Striga spp.) (Scrophulariaceae) in sub-Saharan Africa SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB The taxonomy of three species of Smicronyx that are potential biocontrol agents of witchweeds (Striga spp.) in West Africa is revised. The two most abundant species are identified as Smicronyx (Afrosmicronyx) umbrinus Hustache and S. (Smicronyx) guineanus Voss. A third species is described as Smicronyx (Afrosmicronyx) dorsomaculatus Cox, sp. n. Diagnostic descriptions and a key, to separate adults of the three species from each other and from Sharpia bella Faust, are presented. Mature larvae of the three Smicronyx species are separated through a key and diagnoses. A lectotype is selected for Smicronyx umbrinus. All available host and distribution data are summarized for each species. C1 INT INST ENTOMOL,LONDON SW7 2JR,ENGLAND. RP Anderson, DM (reprint author), USDA,MUSEUM NATL HIST NAT,SYST ENTOMOL LAB,NHB STOP 168,WASHINGTON,DC 20560, USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX10 8DE SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 87 IS 1 BP 3 EP 17 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WM831 UT WOS:A1997WM83100001 ER PT J AU Ritchie, MW Hann, DW AF Ritchie, MW Hann, DW TI Evaluation of individual-tree and disaggregative prediction methods for Douglas-fir stands in western Oregon SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB The efficiency of six disaggregative methods and two individual-tree methods was evaluated in terms of their ability to predict 5-year basal area increment for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France) stands in western Oregon. Models were developed for predicting gross stand basal-area increment and individual-tree diameter increment. In addition, models were developed to disaggregate the active increment prediction methods to the tree level. Passive and active prediction schemes were evaluated for both the tree and stand levels. Generally, the individual-tree approach was superior to the disaggregative approach for prediction of both stand and tree growth. This was less evident, however, when crown ratio was eliminated from the individual-tree models. This suggests that at least some of the disparity between the two is due to the presence of crown ratio in an individual-tree passive aggregation approach. The additive disaggregation approach appeared to be best suited to young stands (less than 50 years of age). The linearity assumption required for this particular model appeared to be violated for older stands with larger trees. Generally, the two whole-stand, gross-growth models used in this study were inferior to the individual-tree method for predicting gross basal area growth for one period. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Ritchie, MW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,PACIFIC SW RES STN,2400 WASHINGTON AVE,REDDING,CA 96001, USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 27 IS 2 BP 207 EP 216 DI 10.1139/cjfr-27-2-207 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XD792 UT WOS:A1997XD79200009 ER PT J AU Knowe, SA Stein, WI Shainsky, LJ AF Knowe, SA Stein, WI Shainsky, LJ TI Predicting growth response of shrubs to clear-cutting and site preparation in coastal Oregon forests SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID DOUGLAS-FIR SAPLINGS; GAULTHERIA-SHALLON; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; SALMONBERRY; ESTABLISHMENT; SUCCESSION; SALAL; RANGE AB Cover-projection models were developed based on algebraic difference formulations of an exponential-power function to describe shrub recovery and development patterns after clear-cutting and site preparation. We tested the effect of six treatments on shrub growth patterns by incorporating indicator variables into the rate and shape parameters of the models for salal (Gaultheria shallon Pursh), thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus Nutt.), salmonberry (Rubus spectabilis Pursh), and all shrubs. For salal, the shape parameter included an adjustment for burning treatments that delayed maximum cover by several years as compared with unburned treatments. The rate parameter in the thimbleberry model was adjusted for burning treatments; maximum cover occurred about 2 years earlier in burned than in unburned treatments. Both rate and shape parameters in the salmonberry model were adjusted for burning treatments; delayed establishment but increased growth rate and less salmonbeny cover are characteristic of burned treatments as compared with the unburned treatments. The rate and shape parameters in the model for the shrub group included adjustments for burning treatments. Overstory removal fostered shrub development, whereas site preparation treatments slowed and curtailed it. The final cover-projection models accounted for 68-92% of the total variation in cover, with the adjustments for burning accounting for 1.5-3.3% of the variation. The predicted growth patterns are consistent with trends in site occupancy and published autecological characteristics. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,USDA,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Knowe, SA (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,PEAVY HALL 154,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 27 IS 2 BP 217 EP 226 DI 10.1139/cjfr-27-2-217 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA XD792 UT WOS:A1997XD79200010 ER PT J AU Mermut, AR Eswaran, H AF Mermut, AR Eswaran, H TI Opportunities for soil science in a milieu of reduced funds SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PEDOLOGY; CRISIS; WORLD C1 NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Mermut, AR (reprint author), UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,DEPT SOIL SCI,SASKATOON,SK S7N 5AW,CANADA. NR 53 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4271 J9 CAN J SOIL SCI JI Can. J. Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 77 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA WR520 UT WOS:A1997WR52000001 ER PT J AU Puurveen, H Izaurralde, RC Chanasyk, DS Williams, JR Grant, RF AF Puurveen, H Izaurralde, RC Chanasyk, DS Williams, JR Grant, RF TI Evaluation of EPIC's snowmelt and water erosion submodels using data from the Peace River region of Alberta SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE runoff; sediment yield; soil erosion; crop rotations ID SIMULATION AB Water erosion due to snowmelt is a major form of erosion in boreal regions of the Canadian Prairie. Evaluation of erosion models is an essential step before recommending their use in local or regional assessments of erosion rates and control methods. Using inputs fi om a runoff study conducted at La Glace, Alberta(55 degrees 25'N, 119 degrees 10'W) from 1984 to 1986, we evaluated the Erosion-Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) for its ability to simulate runoff and sediment yield from snowmelt events. The model was initialized with soil profile data acquired at the study site and complemented with data from standard soil databases (Albright series; loam, Dark Gray Chernozem). Daily weather data were acquired from the nearest climatological station (annual precipitation = 475 mm). Management data were as reported and included combinations of conventional and reduced tillage, annual and perennial, and fallow cropping. Mean runoff volume measured in 1985 was 57 mm while in 1986 it was 76 mm. EPIC over-predicted runoff volume by 25% in 1985 but under-predicted it by 7% in 1986. The period in which snowmelt occurred (mid-March - beginning of April) was predicted correctly. Under the conditions of this study, with many cropping inputs obtained from different sources, the model was unable to reproduce the reported management effects on runoff and sediment yield. EPIC simulated springmelt soil temperature trends at 9-cm depth, although the predicted temperatures in 1985 were generally underestimated. Our results suggest that the EPIC model calculates adequate values of runoff volumes and sediment yields during snowmelt. C1 ARS,USDA,GRASSLAND RES LAB,TEMPLE,TX 76503. RP Puurveen, H (reprint author), UNIV ALBERTA,DEPT RENEWABLE RESOURCES,4-42 EARTH SCI BLDG,EDMONTON,AB T6G 2E3,CANADA. RI Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; OI Grant, Robert/0000-0002-8890-6231 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA ON K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4271 J9 CAN J SOIL SCI JI Can. J. Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 77 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA WR520 UT WOS:A1997WR52000006 ER PT J AU Engel, RJ Witty, JE Eswaran, H AF Engel, RJ Witty, JE Eswaran, H TI The classification, distribution, and extent of soils with a xeric moisture regime in the United States SO CATENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Red Mediterranean Soils Meeting CY MAY 09-14, 1993 CL ADANA, TURKEY SP Univ Cukurova, Sci Dept, Turkish Soc Soil Sci, ISSS, FAO, Turkish Sci & Tech Council (TUBITAK) DE Soil Taxonomy; Mediterranean climate; soil classification; xeric moisture regime AB Soils with cool, moist winters and relatively warm, dry summers, a Mediterranean climate, are recognized as having a xeric moisture regime in Soil Taxonomy. These soils are classified mostly in taxa that use the formative element ''xer'' in the name. Soil series with either a xeric moisture regime or an aridic regime bordering on a xeric moisture regime make up more than 48,640,000 hectares in the western part of the United States. They are classified in the orders of Mollisols (20,080,000 ha), Aridisols (11,200,000 ha), Alfisols (5,320,000 ha), Inceptisols (4,800,000 ha), Entisols (4,400,000 ha), Vertisols (1,520,000 ha), Andisols (960,000 ha), and Ultisols (960,000 ha). C1 SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Engel, RJ (reprint author), SOIL CONSERVAT SERV,SOIL CLASSIFICAT STAFF,NATL SOIL SURVEY CTR,USDA,LINCOLN,NE 68505, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD FEB PY 1997 VL 28 IS 3-4 BP 203 EP 209 DI 10.1016/S0341-8162(96)00038-0 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA WJ107 UT WOS:A1997WJ10700005 ER PT J AU Kennedy, E Basiotis, P AF Kennedy, E Basiotis, P TI Indices to monitor overall diet quality SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article RP Kennedy, E (reprint author), USDA,CTR NUTR POLICY & PROMOT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD FEB PY 1997 VL 42 IS 2 BP 74 EP 78 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WL237 UT WOS:A1997WL23700002 ER PT J AU Kahlon, TS Chow, FI AF Kahlon, TS Chow, FI TI Hypocholesterolemic effects of oat, rice, and barley dietary fibers and fractions SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Review ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; MILDLY HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN; LOW-FAT DIET; BRAN OIL; WHEAT-BRAN; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; BLOOD CHOLESTEROL; BETA-GLUCANS; FED RATS; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL RP Kahlon, TS (reprint author), ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,USDA,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 66 TC 42 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD FEB PY 1997 VL 42 IS 2 BP 86 EP 92 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WL237 UT WOS:A1997WL23700004 ER PT J AU Knuckles, BE Hudson, CA Chiu, MM Sayre, RN AF Knuckles, BE Hudson, CA Chiu, MM Sayre, RN TI Effect of beta-glucan barley fractions in high-fiber bread and pasta SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article ID OAT BRAN; DIETARY FIBER; LIPID-METABOLISM; HEALTHY-SUBJECTS; RICE BRAN; GLUCOSE; CARBOHYDRATE; PRODUCTS; FOODS; BREADMAKING AB High-fiber, high-complex carbohydrate diets have been useful in regulating blood lipids, blood glucose, and insulin response-factors that are significant in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease and diabetes. Breads and pastas with increased levels of dietary fiber (including beta-glucans) were produced by substituting barley flour fractions enriched with beta-glucan for 5, 20, or 40% of the standard flours. The dry milled/sieved and water-extracted barley fractions contained 42 and 51% total dietary fiber (TDF) and 19 and 33% beta-glucans, respectively. Bread, in which the dry milled/sieved barley flour fraction replaced 20% of the standard flour, contained 4.2 times the TDF, 7.6 times the total beta-glucans, and 0.8 times kcal per serving compared to the control. This bread was judged acceptable in laboratory acceptance tests although loaf volume was reduced and color was slightly darker than the control. Pastas in which barley fractions replaced 20 or 40% of the wheat semolina provided 5.4 to 10.4 g TDF per serving (compared with 2 g in the control). These pastas, which could be labeled as good or high-fiber sources, respectively, had acceptable sensory quality although they were darker in color than the control. Kilocalories in a serving of these pastas with 20 and 40% flour substitution were 11 and 16%, respectively, lower than in the control. When the water-extracted barley fraction was substituted in breads and pastas, color scores and acceptability improved over those containing the dry milled/sieved barley fraction. RP Knuckles, BE (reprint author), ARS,WESTERN REG RES CTR,CEREAL PROD UTILIZAT RES UNIT,USDA,ALBANY,CA 94710, USA. NR 40 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD FEB PY 1997 VL 42 IS 2 BP 94 EP & PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WL237 UT WOS:A1997WL23700005 ER PT J AU Hallfrisch, J Behall, KM AF Hallfrisch, J Behall, KM TI Evaluation of foods and physiological responses to menus in which fat content was lowered by replacement with Oatrim SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article ID HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; SERUM-LIPIDS; LOW-FIBER; BRAN; DIETS; GLUCOSE; INSULIN; GUM AB In an 11-week controlled crossover study, seven men and 17 women (37-61 years) consumed diets in which the fat content of foods was reduced by the addition of Oatrim. After an equilibration week, during which a seven-day menu with traditional foods was consumed (35% fat, 50% carbohydrate, 15% protein), fat and carbohydrate were replaced in a variety of foods by Oatrim containing either a low (1%) or high (10%) level of soluble beta-glucans, using the same menus (30% fat, 55% carbohydrate, 15% protein). Previously, these menus, especially the one with the high level of beta-glucan, were shown to be successful in reducing risk factors for disease. However, success in improving health risk by lowering fat lies in the acceptance and continued use of the foods. At the end of each period, menus were evaluated. Gastrointestinal symptoms and a significantly longer adaptation period (5 vs. 13 days, P = 0.01)) were more frequently reported for the menus containing the high-fiber Oatrim, but symptoms were not serious enough for any of the subjects to withdraw or refuse to consume any of the foods. Although most foods were rated lower (on a scale of 1 [low] to 5 [high]), when they contained the higher fiber, few ratings were statistically different. Gender preferences were found for specific foods. Generally, baked goods (muffins, waffles, and cakes) had the highest ratings and were rated similarly by men and women, while meat-containing foods were rated higher by men and fruit-containing foods were rated higher by women. Adding Oatrim substantially lowered the fat and energy content of these foods. These results show that men and women accepted a variety of foods containing Oatrim as part of a diet to lower fat, with beneficial health effects. RP Hallfrisch, J (reprint author), ARS,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,MNIL,DHPL,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD FEB PY 1997 VL 42 IS 2 BP 100 EP 103 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WL237 UT WOS:A1997WL23700006 ER PT J AU Roberts, VA Nachman, RJ Coast, GM Hariharan, M Chung, JS Holman, GM Williams, H Tainer, JA AF Roberts, VA Nachman, RJ Coast, GM Hariharan, M Chung, JS Holman, GM Williams, H Tainer, JA TI Consensus chemistry and beta-turn conformation of the active core of the insect kinin neuropeptide family SO CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cis proline; molecular dynamics; nuclear magnetic resonance; receptor binding; signal transduction ID ISOLATED MALPIGHIAN TUBULES; ACHETA-DOMESTICUS; WATER SOLUTION; HOUSE CRICKET; ION-TRANSPORT; PEPTIDE; RECEPTORS; PROTEINS; BINDING; LEUCOKININS AB Background: Neuropeptides are examples of small, flexible molecules that bind to receptors and induce signal transduction, thereby eliciting biological activity, The multifunctional insect kinin neuropeptides retain full activity when reduced to only their carboxy-terminal pentapeptide (Phe(1)-X(2)-X(3)-Trp(4)-Gly(5)-NH2), thereby allowing extensive structure-function studies and conformational analysis, Results: A combined experimental and theoretical analysis of the insect kinin carboxy-terminal pentapeptide was used to probe the role of each residue, define the bioactive conformation, and design a constrained bioactive analog. Coupling receptor-binding data with two biological activity assays allowed receptor binding and signal transduction to be differentiated. A preferred beta-turn conformation, found for residues 1-4 by molecular dynamics simulations, was tested by designing a conformationally restricted cyclic hexapeptide. This cyclic analog showed a preference for the beta-turn conformation, as shown by a conformational search and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and it showed stronger receptor binding but decreased activity relative to highly active linear analogs. Conclusions: Each residue of the insect kinin carboxy-terminal pentapeptide has a distinct role in conformational preference, specific receptor interactions or signal transduction. The beta-turn preference of residues Phe(1)-X(2)-X(3)-Trp(4) implicates this as the bioactive conformation. The amidated carboxyl terminus, required for activity in many neuropeptide families, may be generally important for signal transduction and its inclusion may therefore be essential for agonist design. C1 USDA ARS, VET TOXICOL & ENTOMOL RES LAB, COLLEGE STN, TX 77845 USA. UNIV LONDON BIRKBECK COLL, DEPT BIOL, LONDON WC1E 7HX, ENGLAND. TEXAS A&M UNIV, DEPT CHEM, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843 USA. RP Roberts, VA (reprint author), SCRIPPS RES INST, DEPT MOL BIOL, LA JOLLA, CA 92037 USA. NR 37 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 1074-5521 J9 CHEM BIOL JI Chem. Biol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 4 IS 2 BP 105 EP 117 DI 10.1016/S1074-5521(97)90254-4 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA WP129 UT WOS:A1997WP12900004 PM 9190285 ER PT J AU Martens, WJM Jetten, TH Focks, DA AF Martens, WJM Jetten, TH Focks, DA TI Sensitivity of malaria, schistosomiasis and dengue to global warming SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; AEDES-AEGYPTI DIPTERA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL RATES; TRANSMISSION; TEMPERATURE; HAEMATOBIUM; PATTERNS AB Global assessment of the potential impacts of anthropogenically-induced climate change on vector-borne diseases suggests an increase in extent of the geographical areas susceptible to transmission of malarial Plasmodium parasites, dengue Flavivirus and Schistosoma worms. The transmission potential of the three associated vector-borne diseases studied is highly sensitive to climate changes on the periphery of the currently endemic areas and at higher altitudes within such areas. Our findings vis-a-vis the present endemic areas indicate that the increase in the epidemic potential of malaria and dengue transmission may be estimated at 12-27% and 31-47%, respectively, while in contrast, schistosomiasis transmission potential may be expected to exhibit a 11-17% decrease. C1 WAGENINGEN UNIV AGR,DEPT ENTOMOL,CT DEWIT GRAD SCH PROD ECOL,NL-6701 AN WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. USDA,MED & VET ENTOMOL RES LAB,GAINESVILLE,FL. RP Martens, WJM (reprint author), MAASTRICHT UNIV,DEPT MATH,POB 616,NL-6200 MD MAASTRICHT,NETHERLANDS. RI Martens, Pim/A-9297-2011; Jetten, Theo/G-1721-2015 OI Jetten, Theo/0000-0001-9592-4895 NR 53 TC 119 Z9 125 U1 7 U2 55 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD FEB PY 1997 VL 35 IS 2 BP 145 EP 156 DI 10.1023/A:1005365413932 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WN556 UT WOS:A1997WN55600002 ER PT J AU Sohngen, BL Haynes, RW AF Sohngen, BL Haynes, RW TI The potential for increasing carbon storage in United States unreserved timberlands by reducing forest fire frequency: An economic and ecological analysis SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT AB In this paper, we link the impact of fire damage on forests with an economic model of the United States forest sector in order to determine if a reduction in forest fire frequency will increase the projected storage of carbon in United States forests. We first develop a model of forest mortality following fire. We then link this model to an inventory model of United States forests, which allows us to determine how changes in the frequency of fires will impact forest inventories. Changes in inventory levels can be used to project both the amount of carbon stored and an economic response. If fire frequency is reduced from its current level, measured as the average from 1984 to 1990, we find that carbon storage can be increased in unreserved U.S. timberlands over the period 1990 to 2040. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES LAB,PORTLAND,OR 97208. RP Sohngen, BL (reprint author), OHIO STATE UNIV,DEPT AGR ECON,2120 FYFFE RD,COLUMBUS,OH 43210, USA. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD FEB PY 1997 VL 35 IS 2 BP 179 EP 197 DI 10.1023/A:1005311308790 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WN556 UT WOS:A1997WN55600004 ER PT J AU Miller, JW ShukittHale, B VillalobosMolina, R Nadeau, MR Selhub, J Joseph, JA AF Miller, JW ShukittHale, B VillalobosMolina, R Nadeau, MR Selhub, J Joseph, JA TI Effect of L-Dopa and the catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor Ro 41-0960 on sulfur amino acid metabolites in rats SO CLINICAL NEUROPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Review DE L-Dopa; Ro 41-0960; S-adenosylmethionine; S-adenosylhomocysteine; homocysteine; O-methylation; Parkinson's disease ID SELECTIVE COMT INHIBITORS; ADENOSYL-L-METHIONINE; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; NOREPINEPHRINE METABOLISM; BRAIN; LEVODOPA; ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE; 3-O-METHYLDOPA AB L-Dopa is the most effective drug known for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, the large doses required to treat this neurodegenerative disorder can significantly affect tissue concentrations of sulfur amino acid metabolites due to peripheral and central O-methylation. These effects include decreases in tissue concentrations of the biochemical methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), increases in tissue concentrations of the methylation inhibitor S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), and increases in plasma concentrations of homocysteine, recently identified as an independent risk factor for vascular disease. In the present study, the ability of the catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor Ro 41-0960 to prevent L-Dopa-induced changes in SAM, SAH, and homocysteine concentrations was determined in rats. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with Ro 41-0960 or vehicle 30 min prior to an intraperitoneal injection of L-Dopa or vehicle. One hour after the second injection, the rats were killed and their brains, livers, spleens, kidneys, and plasma collected. SAM and SAH concentrations were then determined in discrete brain regions and peripheral tissues, and total homocysteine concentrations were determined in plasma. In the rats treated with only L-Dopa, decreased SAM concentrations and increased SAH concentrations were found in all brain regions and peripheral tissues measured, and increased homocysteine concentrations were found in plasma, consistent with previous reports. In rats pretreated with Ro 41-0960, however, these L-Dopa-induced effects on sulfur amino acid metabolite concentrations were attenuated or prevented entirely. It remains to be determined if this sparing effect of Ro 41-0960 on sulfur amino acid metabolites has clinical significance. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,NEUROSCI LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,VITAMIN BIOAVAILABIL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. NR 52 TC 80 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT-RAVEN PUBL PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 SN 0362-5664 J9 CLIN NEUROPHARMACOL JI Clin. Neuropharmacol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 20 IS 1 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.1097/00002826-199702000-00007 PG 12 WC Clinical Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA WL140 UT WOS:A1997WL14000007 PM 9037574 ER PT J AU Coudron, TA Brandt, SL Raqib, A AF Coudron, TA Brandt, SL Raqib, A TI Comparison of the response of Heliothis virescens to parasitism by Euplectrus comstockii and Euplectrus plathypenae SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host hemolymph; Hymenoptera; plasma proteins; regulation; storage proteins; venom ID STORAGE PROTEINS; HYMENOPTERA; EULOPHIDAE AB Two major similarities were observed in larvae of Heliothis virescens parasitized by either Euplectrus comstockii or Euplectrus plathypenae. Parasitism by either parasitoid arrested larval-larval ecdysis and caused com parable alterations in the titer of storage proteins found in the host hemolymph. However, each larval stadium responded differently to parasitism. Parasitized 3rd-instar larvae increased in weight to ca. twice that of control larvae while parasitized 4th- and 5th-instar larvae increased in weight to ca. 1.3 times the maximum observed in control larvae for that stadium. The titer of storage proteins present in the hemolymph increased in parasitized 3rd- and 4th-instar larvae but decreased in parasitized 5th-instar larvae, by comparison to the titers found in control 3rd-, 4th- and 5th-instar larvae, respectively. Feeding by the parasitoids did not cause further alteration in the composition of the hemolymph proteins of the host. A plausible explanation for the increase in weight and/or increase in the storage protein titer in the younger host larvae is to provide a sufficient nutritional source to extend the viability of the host while it remains in that stadium and is fed upon by the developing parasitoids. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT ENTOMOL,PLANT SCI UNIT,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP Coudron, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,1503 S PROVIDENCE RD,RES PK,COLUMBIA,MO 65203, USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 116 IS 2 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.1016/S0305-0491(96)00217-9 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA WQ116 UT WOS:A1997WQ11600008 ER PT J AU Nelson, DR Fatland, CL AF Nelson, DR Fatland, CL TI Very long-chain methyl-branched alcohols and their acetate esters in the internal lipids of lepidopteran pupae: Cochylis hospes, Diatraea grandiosella, Homoeosoma electellum, Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE methyl branched alcohols; long-chain alcohols; acetate esters; Lepidoptera; pupae; aldehydes; hydrocarbons; methyl-branched alkanes; biosynthesis; wax esters ID TOBACCO HORNWORM; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; CABBAGE-LOOPER; MANDUCA-SEXTA; FATTY-ACIDS; SPODOPTERA-ERIDANIA; SOUTHERN ARMYWORM; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; SUNFLOWER MOTH; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Very long chain methyl-branched alcohols (VLMA; C35 > C46) and their acetate esters were characterized in the internal lipids of developing mid-stage pupae of the banded sunflower moth Cochylis hospes, the southwestern corn borer Diatraea grandiosella, the sunflower moth Homoeosoma electellum, the tobacco bud-worm Heliothis virescens and the corn earworm Helicoverpa eea. Minor amounts of long-chain methyl-branched alcohols (LMA; C25-C34) were also found largely in H. virescens and H. zea. Five homologous series of primary alcohols were identified in all species: n-alcohols, internally branched monomethyl alcohols, 2 series of dimethyl branched alcohols, and a series of trimethyl branched alcohols. The 4 methyl-branched series were characterized, e.g., by one of their major components: 24-methyltetracontanol, 24,28-dimethyltetracontanol, 24,36-dimethyl-tetracontanol, and 24,28,36-trimethyltetracontanol. A fifth methyl-branched series was identified only in H. electellum, the internally branched trimethyl alcohols characterized by 22,26,30-trimethyltetracontanol. The incorporation of [H-3]acetate and [1-C-14]propionate into the internal lipids of mid stage pupae (developing pharate adults) of H. electellum and H. virescens, showed that polar lipids, and VLMA and their acetate esters, were the major lipid classes synthesized from acetate. The major lipid classes synthesized from propionate, the precursor of the methyl branches, were the methyl branched lipids, e.g., VLMA and their acetate esters and hydrocarbons. Aldehydes also were a component in H. virescens but did not incorporate radioactivity. The wax ester fraction of H. virescens incorporated radioactivity which was limited to the fatty acid moieties. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. RP Nelson, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0305-0491 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 116 IS 2 BP 243 EP 256 DI 10.1016/S0305-0491(96)00242-8 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA WQ116 UT WOS:A1997WQ11600015 ER PT J AU Stevens, MG Olsen, SC Pugh, GW Mayfield, JE AF Stevens, MG Olsen, SC Pugh, GW Mayfield, JE TI Role of immune responses to a groel heat shock protein in preventing brucellosis in mice vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain RB51 SO COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Brucella abortus RB51; GroEL heat shock protein ID STRESS PROTEINS; T-CELLS; BRUCELLA-ABORTUS-19; TUBERCULOSIS; HSP60 AB Resistance to infection with virulent Brucella abortus strain 2308 and antibody and lymphocyte proliferative responses to a recombinant 60 kDa B. abortus GroEL hear shock protein were measured in mice vaccinated with attenuated B. abortus strain RB51. Mice at 12-20 weeks after vaccination with 5 x 10(8) colony forming units (CFU) of strain RB51 had increased resistance to infection with strain 2308 and increased antibody and lymphocyte proliferative responses to GroEL following challenge infection with 2308. However, these mice at 12-20 weeks after vaccination did not have greater resistance to infection than mice vaccinated with 5 x 10(6) CFU of strain RB51. which had no increased antibody or lymphocyte proliferative response to GroEL. These results indicate that mice vaccinated with strain RB51 can have antibody and cell-mediated. immune responses to GroEL during infection with virulent strain 2308, although neither response appeared to have an essential role in vaccine-induced immunity to brucellosis. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL & GENET,AMES,IA 50011. RP Stevens, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,BRUCELLOSIS RES UNIT,POB 70,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0147-9571 J9 COMP IMMUNOL MICROB JI Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 20 IS 2 BP 147 EP 153 DI 10.1016/S0147-9571(96)00036-7 PG 7 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA XE575 UT WOS:A1997XE57500006 PM 9208200 ER PT J AU Stevens, MG Olsen, SC Cheville, NF AF Stevens, MG Olsen, SC Cheville, NF TI Comparative effects of bovine cytokines on cattle and bison peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation SO COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bovine cytokines; interleukin; bison ID COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS MASTITIS; NEUTROPHIL FUNCTION; INTERLEUKIN-2; RESISTANCE; MITOGEN AB Proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from cattle and bison was measured following stimulation of PBMC with bovine cytokines. Bovine interleukin 1 beta (BoIL-1 beta), interteukin 2 (BoIL-2) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (BoGM-CSF) at 0.1-100 U/ml were incubated for 48 h with PBMC alone or with PBMC and various mitogens. These included concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) or Escherichia coli 055:B5 lipopolysaccharide (IFS) at 10-0.1 mu g/ml. BoIL-2 alone, but not BoIL-1 beta and BoGM-CSF alone, induced proliferation of cattle and bison PBMC in the absence of mitogens. In addition, BoIL-1 beta and BoIL-2. but not BoGM-CSF, enhanced proliferation of cattle and bison PBMC induced by mitogens. These results indicate that BoIL-1 beta and BoIL-2 stimulate cattle and bison PBMC proliferation in a similar manner, whereas BoGM-CSF does not appear capable of stimulating either cattle or bison PBMC proliferation. RP Stevens, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,2300 DAYTON AVE,AMES,IA 50010, USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0147-9571 J9 COMP IMMUNOL MICROB JI Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 20 IS 2 BP 155 EP 162 DI 10.1016/S0147-9571(96)00037-9 PG 8 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA XE575 UT WOS:A1997XE57500007 PM 9208201 ER PT J AU Swecker, WS Allison, MN Bolin, SR Cole, RM AF Swecker, WS Allison, MN Bolin, SR Cole, RM TI Type II bovine virus diarrhea virus infection in a closed herd of Simmental cattle SO COMPENDIUM ON CONTINUING EDUCATION FOR THE PRACTICING VETERINARIAN LA English DT Article ID DISEASE; CALVES AB This case report discusses the terminology associated with clinical forms of bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) virus infection and biotypes of the BVD virus. Eleven calves and 8 cows in a closed herd of 68 Simmental cattle died over an 8-week period during a disease outbreak in July-September 1993. The cows had been vaccinated with an inactivated BVD virus vaccine approximately 2 to 3 years before the disease outbreak. The cows also received an inactivated BVD virus vaccine in the fourth week of the outbreak. A type II, noncytopathic BVD virus was diagnosed by virus isolation and serology. The virus caused severe clinical disease. In calves, the disease was marked by profuse salivation, liquid feces, dilated pupils, fever, depression, anorexia, and death within 72 hours. Cows consistently exhibited diarrhea, but the clinical course lasted 1 to 17 days. Thirty-nine percent of the calves and 27% of the cows in the herd died; the case fatality rate was 85%. Recommendations were to isolate infected animals, increase the frequency of vaccination against BVD virus, and attempt to identify any persistently infected animals. C1 VIRGINIA DEPT AGR & CONSUMER SERV,DIV ANIM HLTH,RICHMOND,VA. ARS,ENTER DIS RES UNIT,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,USDA,AMES,IA. SOUTHSIDE VET SERV,AMELIA,VA. RP Swecker, WS (reprint author), VIRGINIA TECH,VIRGINIA MARYLAND REG COLL VET MED,DEPT LARGE ANIM CLIN SCI,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. RI Swecker, William/K-8186-2016 OI Swecker, William/0000-0003-4044-7563 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VETERINARY LEARNING SYSTEMS PI TRENTON PA 425 PHILLIPS BLVD #100, TRENTON, NJ 08618 SN 0193-1903 J9 COMP CONT EDUC PRACT JI Compend. Contin. Educ. Pract. Vet. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 19 IS 2 SU S BP S79 EP & PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WT259 UT WOS:A1997WT25900004 ER PT J AU Schmoldt, DL Li, P Abbott, AL AF Schmoldt, DL Li, P Abbott, AL TI Machine vision using artificial neural networks with local 3D neighborhoods SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE image processing; image segmentation; CT scanning; hardwood logs; forest products ID IMAGES; TOMOGRAPHY; KNOTS; WOOD AB Several approaches have been reported previously to identify internal log defects automatically using computed tomography (CT) imagery. Most of these have been feasibility efforts and consequently have had several limitations: (1) reports of classification accuracy are largely subjective, not statistical; (2) there has been no attempt to achieve real-time operation; and (3) texture information has not been used for image segmentation, but has been limited to region labeling. Neural network classifiers based on local neighborhoods have the potential to greatly increase computational speed, can be implemented to incorporate textural features during segmentation, and can provide an objective assessment of classification performance. This paper describes a method in which a multilayer feed-forward network is used to perform pixel-by-pixel defect classification. After initial thresholding to separate wood from background and internal voids, the classifier labels each pixel of a CT slice using histogram-normalized values of pixels in a 3 x 3 x 3 window about the classified pixel. A post-processing step then removes some spurious pixel misclassifications. Our approach is able to identify bark, knots, decay, splits, and clear wood on CT images from several species of hardwoods. By using normalized pixel values as inputs to the classifier, the neural network is able to formulate and apply aggregate features, such as average and standard deviation, as well as texture-related features. With appropriate hardware, the method can operate in real time. This approach to machine vision also has implications for the analysis of 2D gray-scale images or 3D RGB images. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BRADLEY DEPT ELECT ENGN,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. RP Schmoldt, DL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,SO FOREST EXPT STN,BROOKS FOREST PROD CTR,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061, USA. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 16 IS 3 BP 255 EP 271 DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(97)00002-1 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA WQ375 UT WOS:A1997WQ37500006 ER PT J AU Lugo, AE AF Lugo, AE TI Old-growth mangrove forests in the United States SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ECOSYSTEMS; FLUX AB Criteria used to identify old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest have not been proven applicable in other ecological life zones. For example, Pacific Northwest criteria are not suitable for the identification of old-growth mangrove forests. To identify old-growth mangroves one has to take into account differences in stand structure and function due to geomorphology, within-site environmental gradients, and regional disturbance regimes. A flexible and holistic approach is needed. Stand age, defined in terms of Pacific Northwest forests, is not necessarily the best criterion for identifying for conservation mangrove forests or any forest outside the Pacific Northwest. No single stand will have all old-growth characteristics and even if they are present in a stand, these characteristics do not necessarily assure that the stand is old growth. Whether a mangrove stand reaches old-growth stage depends on the dynamics of coastal conditions under which it grows. Moreover, it is necessary, to differentiate between the age of trees in a stand and the age of the mangrove system, which includes the substrate. Old-growth mangrove stands are improbable states for this ecosystem type, and they can revert to younger stages. Mangroves offer a challenge to the concept of the old-growth forest, and through our analysis of this system we show that when ecosystem functions and states are evaluated it is necessary to avoid geographic biases based on particular ecological conditions. RP Lugo, AE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, INT INST TROP FORESTRY, POB 25000, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00928 USA. NR 73 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 11 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96012.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WJ111 UT WOS:A1997WJ11100007 ER PT J AU Bingham, BB Noon, BR AF Bingham, BB Noon, BR TI Mitigation of habitat ''take'': Application to habitat conservation planning SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS; HOME-RANGE; AREAS; PATTERNS; PREY AB One of the most important provisions of the U.S. Endangered Species Act precludes the ''taking'' of listed species on both public and private land. In past Endangered Species Act litigation, take has been broadly interpreted to include the destruction or modification of habitats ns well ns the direct killing of animals. This requirement created an extensive burden on private landowners to provide habitats for listed species. This burden was substantially lessened when the ESA was modified in 1982 to allow incidental takings conditioned on preparation of a satisfactory ''habitat conservation plan.'' Because the majority of listed species are imperiled due to habitat modification, most habitat conservation plans must demonstrate defensible methods to mitigate against incidental habitat loss. A review of HCPs for the Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis), and other species, indicates that mitigation solutions are often arbitrary lacking an empirical foundation in the species' life history requirements Based on data from the Spotted Owl, we illustrate a biologically based method for estimating the areal requirements necessary to mitigate against the take of essential habitats Toward this goal we adopt the concept of ''core area,'' that portion of an animal's home range that receives disproportionate use. We estimated core areas by means of the adaptive kernel density function and tested against a null distribution of animal use that assumes a bivariate, uniform distribution of locations within the home range. The method we illustrate, which is defensible, repeatable, and empirical, is a clear improvement over the ad hoc methods used in many habitat conservation plans. Further, the methods we propose should be applicable to a large number of terrestrial species for which home range is a meaningful concept. RP Bingham, BB (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,REDWOOD SCI LAB,1700 BAYVIEW DR,ARCATA,CA 95521, USA. NR 40 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 11 IS 1 BP 127 EP 139 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.95331.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WJ111 UT WOS:A1997WJ11100020 ER PT J AU Salwasser, H MacCleery, DW Snellgrove, TA AF Salwasser, H MacCleery, DW Snellgrove, TA TI The Pollyannas vs the Chicken Littles - Enough already! SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 11 IS 1 BP 283 EP 286 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96247.x PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WJ111 UT WOS:A1997WJ11100042 ER PT J AU Shumake, SA Gaddis, SE Crane, KA AF Shumake, SA Gaddis, SE Crane, KA TI Liquid baits for rodent control: A comparison of wild Norway versus wild ricefield rat response to glucose plus saccharin solutions SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE liquid baits; rodent control; sweeteners; glucose; saccharin ID SUCROSE OCTAACETATE; TASTE ADDITIVES; MICE; PREFERENCE; SUBSTANCES; ACCEPTANCE; GENETICS AB A series of two-bottle tests were conducted with wild Norway (Rattus norvegicus) and wild ricefield (Rattus rattus mindanensis) rats to assess liquid bait consumption levels. Glucose, a natural sugar, and saccharin, an artificial sweetening agent, were tested against a combination of the sweeteners in water solution with each rat species. Water baseline data indicated that ricefield rats drank relatively more water per day. No species differences, however, were found for consumption levels of 3.0% glucose or for 0.125% saccharin when fluid intake levels were adjusted for mean body weight differences between species using metabolic size data transformations to yield relative consumption levels. A species difference was shown for relative consumption of the mixture of 3.0% glucose plus 0.125% saccharin in water solution with either sweetener as the alternate choice. Ricefield rats showed a two-fold increase in relative consumption of the mixture compared with solutions of either sweetener alone. Norway rats, in contrast, showed a synergistic six-fold increase in relative consumption of the mixture compared with solutions of either component alone. A second series of two-bottle choice tests with new groups of rats showed that both saccharin and glucose solution consumption levels were similar in the two species. The lack of glucose plus saccharin synergism in the ricefield rat response was found to be related to less preference by ricefield rats for glucose when paired with saccharin solution compared to the Norway rat preference pattern. Implications on the potential application of these results to the control of the two species using liquid bait stations are discussed and summarized. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,ANIM DAMAGE CONTROL RES,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 16 IS 1 BP 35 EP 39 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(96)00053-1 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WB305 UT WOS:A1997WB30500005 ER PT J AU Engeman, RM Anthony, RM Krupa, HW Evans, J AF Engeman, RM Anthony, RM Krupa, HW Evans, J TI The effects of Vexar(R) seedling protectors on the growth and development of lodgepole pine roots SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE pocket gopher; animal damage; nonlethal control; plastic mesh; root deformities AB The effects on the growth and development of lodgepole pine roots from the Vexar(R) tubes used to protect seedlings from pocket gopher damage were studied in the Targhee National Forest, Idaho and the Deschutes National Forest, Oregon. At each site, Vexar-protected and unprotected seedlings, with and without above-ground gopher damage were examined after six growing seasons for root deformities and growth. Undamaged seedlings exhibited greater growth, reflecting the importance of non-lethal gopher damage as a deterrent to tree growth. Protected seedlings with similar damage history as unprotected seedlings had greater root depth than unprotected seedlings, although unprotected seedlings with no above-ground damage generally had the greatest root weight. In general, the percent of seedlings with root deformities was greater for the unprotected seedlings than for the Vexar-protectd seedlings, although this could be largely due to the greater care required to plant protected seedlings. Acute deformities were more common for unprotected seedlings, whereas root deformities with less severe bending were more common for protected seedlings. The incidence of crossed roots was similar for protected and unprotected seedlings on the Deschutes site, where enough occurrences of this deformity permitted analyses. Protected seedlings were similar. in root abundance, root distribution, root size and vigor to the unprotected seedlings, with some indication from the Deshutes study site that root distribution was improved with Vexar protection. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDI,USNBS,ALASKA SCI CTR,ANCHORAGE,AK 99503. DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,OLYMPIA,WA 98512. RP Engeman, RM (reprint author), USDA,APHIS,ADC,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,POB 25266,BLDG 16,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 16 IS 1 BP 57 EP 61 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(96)00064-6 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WB305 UT WOS:A1997WB30500008 ER PT J AU Li, MD MacDonald, GJ Ford, JJ AF Li, MD MacDonald, GJ Ford, JJ TI Breed differences in expression of inhibin/activin subunits in porcine anterior pituitary glands SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; MESSENGER RIBONUCLEIC-ACIDS; INHIBIN-ALPHA; ACTIVIN-B; FLUID INHIBIN; BETA-SUBUNITS; 2 FORMS; FOLLISTATIN; FSH; GENE AB Chinese Meishan (MS) boars have greater plasma FSH concentrations than European White Composite boars, but this difference does not occur in females of these breeds. To understand this disparity, we studied expression of the follistatin gene and of genes for the inhibin/activin alpha-, beta(A)-, and beta(B)-subunits in porcine anterior pituitary glands using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and ribonuclease protection techniques. We found that 1) the inhibin/activin beta(A)- and beta(B)-subunits and follistatin were expressed in porcine pituitary; 2) the alpha-subunit was not detected in the porcine pituitary, but was highly expressed in porcine follicles; and 3) the beta(B)-subunit gene is more abundantly expressed (2-fold greater) in MS boar pituitaries than in pituitaries of White Composite boars. We conclude that this is not due to a breed difference, because the expression levels of this gene were similar in pituitaries of females of these breeds. No breed differences were detected for other genes screened in this study. From these observations, we propose that activin B, a dimer of beta(B)-subunits and a stimulator of FSH secretion, may be partially responsible for the elevated plasma FSH concentrations in MS boars, and intrapituitary inhibin plays no or a very minimal role. C1 USDA ARS, ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR, CLAY CTR, NE 68933 USA. UNIV MED & DENT NEW JERSEY, ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MED SCH, DEPT CELL BIOL & NEUROSCI, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854 USA. NR 49 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 EI 1945-7170 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD FEB PY 1997 VL 138 IS 2 BP 712 EP 718 DI 10.1210/en.138.2.712 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA WC646 UT WOS:A1997WC64600028 PM 9003006 ER PT J AU Uri, ND Boyd, R AF Uri, ND Boyd, R TI An evaluation of the economic effects of higher energy prices in Mexico SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE economic activity; energy prices; Mexico ID POLICY AB The analysis of this study examines the impact of an increase in the prices of gasoline and electricity on the Mexican economy. The analytical approach used consists of a general equilibrium model composed of 13 producing sectors, 14 consuming sectors, 4 household categories classified by income and one government, The effects of the recently implemented increase in the price of gasoline and electricity of 26.2% on prices and quantities are examined, The results are revealing, For example, the consequences of an increase in the prices of gasoline and electricity would be a decrease in output by all producing sectors of about 0.31%, a fall in the consumption of goods and services by about 0.56%, a reduction in total utility by 1.29% and higher revenue for the government of 0.31%, When subjected to a sensitivity analysis, the results are reasonably robust with regard to the assumption of the values of the substitution elasticities. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 OHIO UNIV,DEPT ECON,ATHENS,OH 45701. RP Uri, ND (reprint author), USDA,ECON RES SERV,1301 NEW YORK AVE,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD FEB PY 1997 VL 25 IS 2 BP 205 EP 215 DI 10.1016/S0301-4215(96)00126-7 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WP673 UT WOS:A1997WP67300009 ER PT J AU Messing, RH Klungness, LM Jang, EB AF Messing, RH Klungness, LM Jang, EB TI Effects of wind on movement of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata, a parasitoid of tephritid fruit flies, in a laboratory flight tunnel SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Braconidae; fruit fly; tephritid; parasitoid; opiine; flight behavior; wind tunnel; Hymenoptera ID BIOSTERES-LONGICAUDATUS; BRACONIDAE; DIPTERA; HYMENOPTERA; HAWAII AB Cohorts of mass-reared adult female Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead), parasitoids of tephritid fruit fly larvae, were released in a laminar air how wind tunnel to study the effects of air movement on flight and walking behaviors. Wind in the tunnel was cycled on and off at intervals to simulate gusty conditions observed in the field. Wind speed influenced parasitoid movement during both the wind-on periods and during the calm intervals between gusts. Wind speeds of 0.8 m per second suppressed flight and walking behaviors, while wind speeds of 0.4 m/s stimulated both flight and walking behaviors. There was an exponential increase in the ratio of activity in calm to activity in wind as wind speed increased. C1 USDA ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,HILO,HI 96720. RP Messing, RH (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII,DEPT ENTOMOL,7370 KUAMOO RD,KAPAA,HI 96746, USA. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 82 IS 2 BP 147 EP 152 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.1997.00124.x PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WM173 UT WOS:A1997WM17300004 ER PT J AU Michels, GJ Elliott, NC Romero, RL French, WB AF Michels, GJ Elliott, NC Romero, RL French, WB TI Estimating populations of aphidophagous coccinellidae (Coleoptera) in winter wheat SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aphidophagous; coccinellidae; sampling; wheat ID EASTERN SOUTH-DAKOTA; SAMPLING METHODS; GRAIN-SORGHUM; COTTON; PREDATORS; HOMOPTERA; APHIDIDAE; ABSOLUTE; FIELDS AB Coccinellids are important natural enemies of aphid pests in wheat, Triticum aestivum em Thell, in the Great Plains of the United States. Coccinellid community development in wheat fields is unpredictable; therefore, precise, efficient sampling methods for coccinellids are needed for use in integrated pest management research and decision making. Our objectives were to compare removal sampling with quadrat sampling for estimating population density of adult and larval coccinellids in winter wheat, and to determine if timed count sampling and sweepnet sampling were useful for estimating adult and larval coccinellid densities. Removal sampling accurately estimated population density for adults of most species but consistently underestimated larval density. Timed count samples and sweepnet samples were significantly correlated with absolute density of both lan al and adult coccinellids. Regression models were developed to convert estimates of relative to estimates of absolute population density. Depending on sampling method and life stage, models included the number of tillers per 0.3 m, wheat plant growth stage, plant height, and the number of aphids per tiller as variables; R(2) values ranged from 0.89 to 0.93. Sweepnet sampling was more precise per unit of effort than timed count, quadrat, or removal sampling for estimating adult coccinellid density. Removal sampling (remoting all coccinellids seen during 2 successive 15-min searches from each of 9 plots (25 m(2)) was the least efficient method. C1 USDA, ARS, SPA, PLANT SCI RES LAB, STILLWATER, OK 74075 USA. RP Michels, GJ (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV, AGR EXPT STN, PO DRAWER 10, BUSHLAND, TX 79012 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 26 IS 1 BP 4 EP 11 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WJ288 UT WOS:A1997WJ28800002 ER PT J AU Westbrook, JK Wolf, WW Lingren, PD Raulston, JR Lopez, JD Matis, JH Eyster, RS Esquivel, JF Schleider, PG AF Westbrook, JK Wolf, WW Lingren, PD Raulston, JR Lopez, JD Matis, JH Eyster, RS Esquivel, JF Schleider, PG TI Early-season migratory flights of corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Helicoverpa zea; migration; trajectories; weather; citrus pollen; dispersal ID POLLEN; MOTHS; RANGE AB Studies were conducted to determine the frequency, intensity, and displacement of migratory flights of adult corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), form the lower Rio Grande Valley of southern Texas and northeastern Mexico during the citrus blooming period in February and March 1994. Samples of daily collections of adult male H. zea from pheromone traps in the valley (10) and southern Texas (21) were examined for the presence of citrus pollen using scanning electron microscopy. H. zea were captured at all locations except Alpine, TX. Based on samples of the daily collections, citrus pollen-contaminated H, tea were captured as far as 661 km from the valley. However, the valley is the nearest source of commercial citrus production. Insect flight trajectories from the valley were estimated using wind velocity data at 500 m above ground level and an assumed insect air speed of 5 m/s. Probability of daily capture of H. tea at locations that were 112-711 km from the valley were significantly related to duration of the estimated insect flight trajectory; minimum dr temperature at the trap location; and daily average trap capture in the valley. The independent variables: duration of estimated insect flight trajectory, duration of estimated insect trap location, and the 1-d lag of minimum air temperature at the flight trajectory were significantly related to the daily capture of citrus pollen-contaminated H. tea. Wind trajectories measured by mylar balloons (tetroons) and hourly weather data (i.e., wind, precipitation, and air temperature) may explain some of the residual variance of the logistic regressions. The logistic regression equations can be used to estimate the probability of occurrence of daily capture of corn earworm for use as an advisory to agriculturists, regulatory personnel, and research scientists. C1 USDA ARS,COTTON INSECTS RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT STAT,COLLEGE STN,TX 77840. RP Westbrook, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS,AREAWIDE PEST MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,2771 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 17 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 13 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 26 IS 1 BP 12 EP 20 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WJ288 UT WOS:A1997WJ28800003 ER PT J AU Raina, AK Jackson, DM Severson, RF AF Raina, AK Jackson, DM Severson, RF TI Increased pheromone production in wild tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) exposed to host plants and host chemicals SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heliothis virescens; host plants; host chemicals; pheromone production ID HELIOTHIS-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; OVIPOSITIONAL RESPONSE; NICOTIANA-GLUTINOSA; MOTHS LEPIDOPTERA; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; VIRESCENS; LEAVES; VOLATILES; SYSTEMS; FEMALES AB Compared with the laboratory colony females, 1st-generation feral (wild F-1) females of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), produced little sex pheromone unless exposed to a host plant. Pheromone production in wild F-1 females was induced by both cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., squares and tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L., buds. With either of the hosts, physical contact evoked a significantly higher response than did exposure to volatile compounds from these plant parts. Of the 12 tobacco chemicals and a corn, Zea mays L, silk extract tested with wild F-1 females, oxidized alpha+beta-4,8,13-duvatriene 1,3-diols (oxy-DVT-diols), alpha-4,8,13-duvatriene-1,3-diol (alpha-DVT-diol), (13E)-labda-13-ene-8 alpha,15-diol (labdenediol), and the corn silk extract evoked high pheromone production. Pheromone production may require host plant-based signals to assure that a suitable host is available for oviposition by the female, once it is mated. C1 ARS,US VEGETABLE LAB,USDA,CHARLESTON,SC 29414. ARS,PHYTOCHEM RES LAB,USDA,ATHENS,GA 30613. RP Raina, AK (reprint author), ARS,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,USDA,BLDG 306,BARC E,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 26 IS 1 BP 101 EP 105 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WJ288 UT WOS:A1997WJ28800013 ER PT J AU Cardenas, FA Vail, PV Hoffmann, DF Tebbets, JS Schreiber, FE AF Cardenas, FA Vail, PV Hoffmann, DF Tebbets, JS Schreiber, FE TI Infectivity of celery looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) multiple nucleocapsid polyhedrosis virus to navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE navel orangeworm; celery looper; baculoviruses; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; AfMNPV ID ALFALFA LOOPER AB The multiple nucleocapsid polyhedrosis virus (MNPV) isolated from the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby), has a relatively broad host range within the order Lepidoptera. Preliminary tests indicated that AfMNPV was infectious to the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker). The pathogenicity of AfMNPV to a laboratory colony of A. transitella was established. AfMNPV was infectious to A. transitella with an LC(50) Of 36 polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB)/mm(2) of diet surface. Histopathology showed that PIBs were concentrated in the midgut but also were found in the hypodermis, fat body, and tracheal matrix. Malpighian tubules and ganglia also showed evidence of infection. The virus did not cause any damaging effects to the survivors of a sublethal dose (LC(50)). RP Cardenas, FA (reprint author), ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,USDA,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 26 IS 1 BP 131 EP 134 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WJ288 UT WOS:A1997WJ28800017 ER PT J AU Uri, ND AF Uri, ND TI Conservation tillage and input use SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agricultural production; conservation tillage; pesticide use; tillage systems ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; AGRICULTURE; DEMAND; ERROR; CORN AB There continues to be a question as to the overall effectiveness of conservation tillage practices in reducing the impact of agricultural production on the environment. While it is generally recognized that water runoff and soil erosion will decline further, as tillage and mulch tillage systems are not used more extensively on cropland, what will happen to pesticide and fertilizer use remains uncertain. To gain some insight into this, the conservation tillage adoption decision is modelled. On the assumption that the decision to adopt conservation tillage is a two-step procedure, the first decision is whether or not to adopt a conservation tillage production system and the second concerns the extent to which conservation tillage should be used-appropriate models of the Cragg and Heckman (dominance) type are estimated. Based on farm-level data on corn production in the United States for 1987, the profile of a farm on which conservation tillage was adopted is that the cropland had above-average slope and experienced above-average rainfall, the farm was a cash grain enterprise, and it had an above-average expenditure on pesticides and a below-average expenditure on fuel and custom pesticide applications. Additionally, for a farm adopting a no-tillage production practice, an above-average expenditure was made on fertilizer. RP Uri, ND (reprint author), ERS,NRED,PMTB,USDA,RM 428,1301 NEW YORK AVE,NW,WASHINGTON,DC 20005, USA. NR 65 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0177-5146 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 29 IS 3-4 BP 188 EP 201 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA WN751 UT WOS:A1997WN75100006 ER PT J AU Grossl, PR Eick, M Sparks, DL Goldberg, S Ainsworth, CC AF Grossl, PR Eick, M Sparks, DL Goldberg, S Ainsworth, CC TI Arsenate and chromate retention mechanisms on goethite .2. Kinetic evaluation using a pressure-jump relaxation technique SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ADSORPTION-DESORPTION; OXIDE MINERALS; PHOSPHATE; MODEL AB The kinetics of arsenate and chromate adsorption/desorption on goethite (alpha-FeOOH) were investigated using a pressure-jump (p-jump) relaxation technique, information provided by this technique was used to elucidate the fate of arsenate and chromate in natural environments. Chemical relaxations resulting from rapidly induced pressure changes were monitored via conductivity detection. The adsorption/desorption of these oxyanions on goethite involved a double relaxation event. The proposed mechanism far the adsorption of arsenate and chromate on goethite is a two-step process resulting in the formation of an inner-sphere bidentate surface complex. The first step, associated with the fast tau values, involved an initial ligand exchange reaction of aqueous oxyanion species H2AsO4- or HCrO4- with OH ligands at the goethite surface forming an inner-sphere monodentate surface complex. The subsequent step, associated with the slow tau values, involved a second ligand exchange reaction, resulting in the formation of an inner-sphere bidentate surface complex. Overall, the results suggest that chromate may be the more mobile of the two oxyanions in soil systems. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, CTR AGR, LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN, DEPT AGRON, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA. UNIV DELAWARE, DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI, NEWARK, DE 19717 USA. USDA ARS, US SALIN LAB, RIVERSIDE, CA 92507 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP Grossl, PR (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV, DEPT PLANTS SOILS & BIOMETEOROL, LOGAN, UT 84322 USA. NR 23 TC 229 Z9 244 U1 4 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 31 IS 2 BP 321 EP 326 DI 10.1021/es950654l PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WG343 UT WOS:A1997WG34300024 ER PT J AU Primus, TM Tawara, JN Johnston, JJ Cummings, JL Volz, SA Goodall, MJ Hurlbut, DB Griffin, DL Turnipseed, S AF Primus, TM Tawara, JN Johnston, JJ Cummings, JL Volz, SA Goodall, MJ Hurlbut, DB Griffin, DL Turnipseed, S TI Identification of degradation products of the avicide 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride in Louisiana rice fields SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 3,4-DICHLOROANILINE AB An investigation of the mig ration of 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride (CPTH) on treated rice baits to soils in Louisiana rice fields was completed. The persistence of free CPTH in these soils was evaluated with field and laboratory experiments. These soils were also screened for the presence of CPTH degradation products. Soils treated with CPTH-fortified rice bait and aqueous solutions of CPTH were exposed under actual field conditions for a 13-day period. Control soil samples were also treated with CPTH and incubated under simulated field conditions in an environmental chamber. Soil samples were then screened for CPTH residues and degradation products by HPLC. Possible degradation products were identified with the assistance of LC/MS and GC/MS. The concentration of 2% CPTH on treated rice baits placed in Louisiana rice fields decreased by approximately 55% over 3 days. Several CPTH degradation products were detected in rice field soils, treated with an aqueous solution of CPTH, at concentrations too low for spectral identification. Multiple CPTH degradation products were detected in a laboratory soil metabolism study including the previously unreported compounds, cis- and trans-azo-3-chloro-p-toluidine (azo-CPT). Neither azo compound was detected in soils collected from fields that were treated with CPTH rice baits. C1 FDA,ANIM DRUGS RES CTR,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225. RP Primus, TM (reprint author), US ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,USDA,DENVER FED CTR,BLDG 16,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 31 IS 2 BP 346 EP 350 DI 10.1021/es9600789 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WG343 UT WOS:A1997WG34300027 ER PT J AU Wang, H McArthur, ED Sanderson, SC Graham, JH Freeman, DC AF Wang, H McArthur, ED Sanderson, SC Graham, JH Freeman, DC TI Narrow hybrid zone between two subspecies of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata: Asteraceae) .4. Reciprocal transplant experiments SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE big sagebrush; fitness; hybrid zones; reciprocal transplant experiments; selection ID HYBRIDIZATION; SELECTION; POPULATIONS; GERMINATION; PATTERNS; FITNESS; PHLOX; HOOK AB Does endogenous or exogenous selection stabilize the big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) hybrid zone? After two years of study, our reciprocal transplant experiments showed significant genotype by environment interactions for a number of fitness components, including germination, growth, and reproduction. Hybrids were the most fit within the hybrid garden. In the parental gardens, the native parental taxon was more fit than either the alien parental or hybrids. These results are consistent with the bounded hybrid superiority model, which assumes exogenous selection, but are clearly at odds with the dynamic equilibrium model, which assumes endogenous selection and universal hybrid unfitness. C1 WAYNE STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOL SCI, DETROIT, MI 48202 USA. US FOREST SERV, INTERMT RES STN, SHRUB SCI LAB, PROVO, UT 84606 USA. BERRY COLL, DEPT BIOL, MT BERRY, GA 30149 USA. RI Wang, Han/A-9774-2008 OI Wang, Han/0000-0003-2420-3147 NR 51 TC 133 Z9 134 U1 3 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD FEB PY 1997 VL 51 IS 1 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.2307/2410963 PG 8 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA WM975 UT WOS:A1997WM97500010 ER PT J AU Westgate, ME Forcella, F Reicosky, DC Somsen, J AF Westgate, ME Forcella, F Reicosky, DC Somsen, J TI Rapid canopy closure for maize production in the northern US corn belt: Radiation-use efficiency and grain yield SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PLANT-POPULATION DENSITY; SOLAR-RADIATION; GROWTH; INTERCEPTION; RESPONSES AB Slow development of maize (Zea mays L.) canopies in northern areas of the USA may limit light interception and potential productivity. Whether radiation-use efficiency (RUE) and grain yield could be increased by earlier canopy closure was examined with two hybrids contrasting in canopy architecture and potential phytomass production. Early canopy closure was achieved using a combination of row spacings narrower and plant population densities (PPD) greater than typically used by local producers. Maximum interception of incident PAR (theta(max)) and total PAR intercepted from sowing to theta(max)(IPAR) increased with PPD. Thermal time to one-half theta(max)(TU0.5) decreased with increasing PPD. Sowing in narrow (38 cm) rows did not affect theta(max), IPAR, or TU0.5 in the tall hybrid, Pioneer 3790; nor did it affect grain yield, which increased with PPD up to 10 plants m(-2). Grain yield of the dwarf hybrid, SX123, was always less than that of Pioneer 3790, due to its low efficiency in converting intercepted PAR into phytomass. Both hybrids exhibited an optimum rate of canopy development in terms of theta(max), IPAR, and TU0.5 for grain production. Optima for these parameters varied across years, but were similar for both hybrids and row spacings. These results indicate that hybrids adapted to the northern corn belt may yield more grain if sown at PPDs greater than commonly used to promote early canopy closure. Sowing to rows less than 76 cm wide will have less impact on grain yield. Productivity of hybrids prone to barrenness or with a low efficiency in converting PAR into phytomass, such as SX123, will not improve with earlier canopy closure. RP Westgate, ME (reprint author), AGR RES SERV,USDA,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,N IOWA AVE,MORRIS,MN 56267, USA. NR 30 TC 105 Z9 119 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 49 IS 2-3 BP 249 EP 258 DI 10.1016/S0378-4290(96)01055-6 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WU308 UT WOS:A1997WU30800013 ER PT J AU Thomas, JW AF Thomas, JW TI A professional society's partnership challenge SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material RP Thomas, JW (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD FEB PY 1997 VL 22 IS 2 BP 26 EP 27 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA WF342 UT WOS:A1997WF34200009 ER PT J AU Bowles, BL Williams, AC Marmer, BS Juneja, VK AF Bowles, BL Williams, AC Marmer, BS Juneja, VK TI Modulation of thermal resistance of proteolytic Clostridium botulinum spore by aromatic flavor carbonyls SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL-SPORES; ANTIBOTULINAL PROPERTIES; HEAT-RESISTANCE; INHIBITION; OUTGROWTH; GERMINATION AB Phenylacetaldehyde (PH), benzaldehyde (BE), cinnamaldehyde (CI) and piperonal (PI) were tested, singly and in various combinations, to determine their effect on thermal resistance at 90 degrees C of proteolytic Clostridium botulinum spores. Spore thermal resistance was modulated to varying degrees by the flavor compounds tested. Population densities of ethanol and unsupplemented controls, however, were unchanged for the duration of the test. At 100 mM concentrations, 90 degrees C thermal death decimal reduction times (D-90 degrees C) of 15.5, 10 . 7, 9 . 3 and 11 . 6 min were observed, respectively for PH, BE, CI and FI. Inhibitions comparable with those of single aldehydes were observed when various combinations of the aromatic aldehydes were tested. At a total carbonyl conc. of 100 mM, D-90 degrees C of 36, 14, 26, 14, 15 and 22 min were required to achieve a decimal reduction in population density for PH+BE, PH+CI, PH+PI, BE+CI, BE+PI and CI+PI supplemented treatments, respectively. Similar botulinal thermal resistance modulations occurred in the presence of three- and four-aldehyde combinations. These data indicate that certain approved aromatic flavor compounds have potential as food additive controls against proteolytic C. botulinum spores. Furthermore, the observed additive and synergistic combinational effects indicate that organoleptic restrictions or food substrate incompatibilities may be reduced. C1 USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY UNIT,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1 BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1006/fmic.1996.0067 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA WK223 UT WOS:A1997WK22300002 ER PT J AU Dorsa, WJ Siragusa, GR Cutter, CN Berry, ED Koohmaraie, M AF Dorsa, WJ Siragusa, GR Cutter, CN Berry, ED Koohmaraie, M TI Efficacy of using a sponge sampling method to recover low levels of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, and aerobic bacteria from beef carcass surface tissue SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Recovery of aerobic bacterial populations, as well as low levels of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium from beef carcasses was determined by sponge (SP) and excision (EX) sampling during the course of three separate studies. For the first study, samples were taken from three points on the processing line: (1) pre-wash, (2) post-wash, and (3) after 24 h in the chill cooler. SP recovered fewer total aerobic bacteria from beef carcasses on a processing line than EX; however, the difference between EX and SP was similar at all sampled process points. Both sampling methods recovered higher levels of total aerobic bacteria from carcasses after a 24-h-chill period. Both methods also recovered low levels of E. coli and coliforms on beef carcasses. In the second study, both SP and EX recovered antibiotic-marked strains of E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium from beef carcass tissue surface at an inoculation level of approximately 1 cfu 100 cm(-2). Recoveries from pre- or post-24-h-chilled tissue were similar for both SP and EX. SP appears to be an adequate sampling method for recovery of low levels of pathogens from surfaces of beef carcasses regardless of location within the process. However, a third study demonstrated that the freezing and storage of SP samples at -20 degrees C significantly decreased recovery of S. typhimurium from beef tissue when present at low levels (less than or equal to 10 cfu 100 cm(-2)). (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. RP Dorsa, WJ (reprint author), ARS,USDA,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 15 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 DI 10.1006/fmic.1996.0060 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA WK223 UT WOS:A1997WK22300009 ER PT J AU Fishman, ML AF Fishman, ML TI Edible and biodegradable polymer films: Challenges and opportunities SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material RP Fishman, ML (reprint author), USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 1 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 20 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 51 IS 2 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WH108 UT WOS:A1997WH10800001 ER PT J AU Lockaby, BG Stanturf, JA Messina, MG AF Lockaby, BG Stanturf, JA Messina, MG TI Effects of silvicultural activity on ecological processes in floodplain forests of the southern United States: A review of existing reports SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE wetland forests; harvests; functions ID WETLAND; AMPHIBIANS; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES AB Activities associated with timber harvesting have occurred within floodplain forests in the southern United States for nearly two hundred years. However, it is only in the last ten years that any information has become available about the effects of harvesting on the ecological functions of this valuable resource. Hydrology is the driving influence behind all ecological processes in floodplains, and timber harvesting alone usually has little long-term effect on hydroperiod. However, logging roads, built in association with harvest sites, can sometimes alter hydroperiod to the extent that vegetation productivity is raised or lowered. There is no evidence that harvesting followed by natural regeneration represents a threat to ground or surface water quality on flood plain sites, as long as ''best management practices'' are followed. Harvested floodplains may increase or have little effect on decomposition rates of surface organic matter. The nature of the effect seems to be controlled by site wetness. Data from recently harvested sites (i.e. within the last ten years) suggest that vegetation productivity is maintained at levels similar to those observed prior to harvests. During the early stages of stand development, tree species composition is heavily influenced by harvest method. Similarly, amphibian populations (monitored as bioindicators of ecosystem recovery) seem to rebound rapidly following harvests, although species composition may be different from that of unharvested stands. C1 US FOREST SERV,SO HARDWOODS LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP Lockaby, BG (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 NR 48 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2-3 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03897-2 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WP680 UT WOS:A1997WP68000001 ER PT J AU Meadows, JS Stanturf, JA AF Meadows, JS Stanturf, JA TI Silvicultural systems for southern bottomland hardwood forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE even-aged regeneration; uneven-aged regeneration; partial cuttings; patch cutting; Quercus ID RED AB Silvicultural systems integrate both regeneration and intermediate operations in an orderly process for managing forest stands. The clearcutting method of regeneration favors the development of species that are moderately intolerant to intolerant of shade. In fact, clearcutting is the most proven and widely used method of successfully regenerating bottomland oak species in the South. The seed-tree method of regeneration favors the establishment of light-seeded species, Mechanical soil scarification may be necessary if the desired species requires bare mineral soil for establishment. The shelterwood method of regeneration can provide for the development of heavy-seeded species, but has produced highly variable results with southern bottomland oaks. The single-tree selection method of regeneration favors the development of shade-tolerant species, When single-tree selection is applied repeatedly to stands containing commercially valuable shade-intolerant species, composition will gradually shift to less-valuable, more-tolerant species. Consequently, the single-tree selection method of regeneration is not recommended for any commercially valuable bottomland hardwood tree species. Group selection, in its strictest application, creates only small openings that usually fail to allow sufficient light to the forest floor for satisfactory establishment and development of shade-intolerant bottomland species. Patch cutting, a combination of uneven-aged (group selection) and even-aged (clearcutting) silviculture, designed to create larger openings, has been successfully used to produce an uneven-aged stand that consists of many small, irregularly shaped, even-aged groups. Silvicultural systems should include a planned program of intermediate operations designed to enhance the growth and development of those species favored during the regeneration process. Improvement cutting and commercial thinning are increasingly common in southern bottomland hardwood forests. Other partial cuttings employed today in bottomland hardwood forests typically involve some form of crop-tree release, Specific recommendations for the selection of silvicultural systems are presented for the eight most important species groups found in southern bottomland hardwood forests. RP Meadows, JS (reprint author), FOREST SERV, USDA, SO HARDWOODS LAB, POB 227, STONEVILLE, MS 38776 USA. RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 NR 35 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2-3 BP 127 EP 140 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03898-4 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WP680 UT WOS:A1997WP68000004 ER PT J AU Stokes, BJ Schilling, A AF Stokes, BJ Schilling, A TI Improved harvesting systems for wet sites SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bottomland hardwood; timber harvesting; wet site AB Environmentally acceptable and economical forest operations are needed for sustainable management of forest resources. Improved methods for harvesting and transporting timber are especially needed for wet sites. As the demand for hardwood lumber continues to increase, improved and alternative methods are needed to ensure acceptance of timber harvesting for the wet site conditions that are typical of bottomland hardwoods. Some alternative technological developments include grapple saw feller-bunchers, wide tires, larger forwarders, clambunk skidders, two-stage hauling, mats, cable systems, helicopters and towed vehicles and air-cushioned vehicles. These developments have the potential to improve the performance of the harvesting system and to reduce the negative effects of conventional operations on conventional sites and on difficult sites such as wet areas. Although many of these new alternatives are now operational, others are just concepts or evolving prototypes. More research is still needed to optimize these alternative technologies and to reduce costs associated with their implementation. C1 INT PAPER CO,HATTIESBURG,MS. RP Stokes, BJ (reprint author), FOREST SERV,USDA,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2-3 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03907-2 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WP680 UT WOS:A1997WP68000006 ER PT J AU Lockaby, BG Clawson, RG Flynn, K Rummer, R Meadows, S Stokes, B Stanturf, J AF Lockaby, BG Clawson, RG Flynn, K Rummer, R Meadows, S Stokes, B Stanturf, J TI Influence of harvesting on biogeochemical exchange in sheetflow and soil processes in a eutrophic floodplain forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE wetland forests; silviculture; water chemistry ID WETLAND; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS AB Floodplain forests contribute to the maintenance of water quality as a result of various biogeochemical transformations which occur within them. In particular, they can serve as sinks for nutrient run-off from adjacent uplands or as nutrient transformers as water moves downstream. However, little is known about the potential that land management activities may have for alteration of these biogeochemical functions, This paper examines the effects of three harvesting regimes (unharvested control, clearcut, and partial cut) on the physical and chemical parameters within the Flint River floodplain located in southwestern Georgia, USA. Data presented in this paper were collected during the year following initiation of the harvesting treatments which occurred in September of 1993. Sheetflow water chemistry (total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO43-) sulfate (SO42-), calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), ammonium (NH4+), total phosphorous (P), total nitrogen (N), total carbon (C), dissolved organic carbon (DOG)), sedimentation rates, depth of soil oxidation after flooding, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and bulk density were measured, During the year immediately after treatment installation, alterations in some of the physical and chemical properties (TDS, NO3-, total P, and K+) of floodwaters crossing harvest plots were detected. Soil oxidation depths, saturated hydraulic conductivity and bulk density also changed with treatment. The meaning of the changes detected is uncertain but they suggest the nature of potential changes in nutrient spiralling and non-point source cumulative effects that may occur within a managed watershed, Second-year data may offer an interesting comparison of sheetflow chemistry and sedimentation changes between vegetated and non-vegetated conditions. C1 US FOREST SERV,ENGN PROJECT,AUBURN,AL 36849. US FOREST SERV,SO HARDWOODS LAB,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. RP Lockaby, BG (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,108 MW SMITH HALL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2-3 BP 187 EP 194 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03902-3 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WP680 UT WOS:A1997WP68000009 ER PT J AU Rummer, B Stokes, B Lockaby, G AF Rummer, B Stokes, B Lockaby, G TI Sedimentation associated with forest road surfacing in a bottomland hardwood ecosystem SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE wetland forests; logging roads; water quality AB Access systems are a necessary element of resource production in bottomland hardwood sites. However, road building may have a detrimental effect on hydrologic function of the site. This report describes initial results of a study designed to examine the effect of different road surfacing treatments on water quality. Four surfacing treatments installed on two test roads included native soil, native soil with vegetative stabilization, 6 cm of gravel, and 15 cm of gravel over geotextile. During the first flooding season periodic sampling measured floodwater suspended sediments and location of erosion and sediment deposition within the road prism. Initial results suggest that sediment movement was confined to the road right-of-way, with no statistically significant sedimentation effects detected beyond the clearing limits of the road. The study is continuing for another field season. C1 AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP Rummer, B (reprint author), FOREST SERV,USDA,DEVALL DR,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2-3 BP 195 EP 200 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03904-7 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WP680 UT WOS:A1997WP68000010 ER PT J AU Lockaby, BG Jones, RH Clawson, RG Meadows, JS Stanturf, JA Thornton, FC AF Lockaby, BG Jones, RH Clawson, RG Meadows, JS Stanturf, JA Thornton, FC TI Influences of harvesting on functions of floodplain forests associated with low-order, blackwater streams SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE wetland forests; silviculture; impacts ID WETLAND; MANAGEMENT; DENITRIFICATION; PRODUCTIVITY; SOILS AB The influence of both aerial and ground-based harvesting on functions of forested floodplains of low-order streams was studied during a two-year period. The study sites were associated with low-order, blackwater streams with infertile and primarily organic soils. Responses to harvesting were assessed in relation to water quality, denitrification, hydrology, regeneration, and decomposition. Water quality indices included nitrate, phosphate, total and dissolved solids, and biological oxygen demand (BOD), All were unaffected by harvesting with the exception of BOD which rose once to undesirable levels. Denitrification was highly variable and also showed no significant harvest effect. Hydrologic parameters included groundwater table depths which, unexpectedly, indicated lowered water tables within harvested areas during the first growing season. Early regeneration responses were strongly linked to harvest system with primarily seed-origin species favored by ground-based activity whereas sprout-origin species dominated on aerial system plots. Owing to inherent soil wetness, decomposition responded slowly to harvest disturbance. However, after one year, decomposition was more rapid on harvested plots than in undisturbed areas. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. US FOREST SERV,STONEVILLE,MS 38776. TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHOR,MUSCLE SHOALS,AL 35660. RP Lockaby, BG (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,SCH FORESTRY,108 MW SMITH HALL,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 90 IS 2-3 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(96)03900-X PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WP680 UT WOS:A1997WP68000012 ER PT J AU Hoff, K Fisher, N Miller, S Webb, A AF Hoff, K Fisher, N Miller, S Webb, A TI Sources of competitiveness for secondary wood products firms: A review of literature and research issues SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HARDWOOD LUMBER INDUSTRY; FURNITURE INDUSTRY; MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES; STATES AB More than 1 million U.S. workers in some 45,000 firms are employed in the lumber, wood products, furniture, and fixture industries. Wood household and office furniture (SIC 251 and 252) are the largest manufacturing segments, adding $13.851 billion per year to raw product value. During the 1980s, U.S. furniture manufacturers lost sizeable market share to Pacific Rim countries. To improve their performance in increasingly global markets, U.S. manufacturers must have a clear understanding of how to assess their competitive position and how to affect its strategic determinants. This paper reviews existing information on the performance of the U.S. secondary wood products industry and summarizes current models regarding competitiveness and its sources. A review of the literature suggests that both internal firm processes and external market and government policy factors affect firm and industry competitiveness. However, these are rarely linked in a comprehensive analysis. This paper argues that in order to better understand the factors affecting global competitiveness in this industry, research is needed that combines engineering and economic analyses of competitiveness. C1 WINROCK INT INST AGR DEV,RURAL EMPLOYMENT & ENTERPRISE DEV DIV,MORRILTON,AR 72110. WINROCK INT INST AGR DEV,ARKANSAS RURAL ENTERPRISE,MORRILTON,AR 72110. RP Hoff, K (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,241 MERCER SPRINGS RD,PRINCETON,WV 24740, USA. NR 72 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 47 IS 2 BP 31 EP 37 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA WK963 UT WOS:A1997WK96300008 ER PT J AU Skog, KE Rosen, HN AF Skog, KE Rosen, HN TI United states wood biomass for energy and chemicals: Possible changes in supply, end uses, and environmental impacts SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CROPS AB As U.S. population and energy consumption increase, accompanied by growing concerns about global change and atmospheric pollution, there may be an opportunity for wood biomass to play a greater role in energy production if fossil fuel prices increase as projected by the U.S. Department of Energy. Forest biomass inventory is substantial in the United States and significant amounts of wood residue are generated from processing, construction, demolition, and municipal solid waste. Prospects for expanding the use of wood biomass for producing electrical power or ethanol will be enhanced by environmental needs and improvements in technology Environmental needs include 1) reducing carbon emissions from fossil fuels and sequestering carbon; 2) removing wood from forests to improve forest health; 3) diverting urban waste streams from landfills; and 4) generating oxygenates, possibly from ethanol, for gasoline. Technology needs include improvement of short-rotation intensive culture techniques for plantations and improvement of electrical power and ethanol production processes. These efforts can help improve the comparative advantage of wood biomass feedstocks relative to fossil fuel feedstocks. Key environmental concerns will constrain the supply of wood biomass from forests and plantations; particularly concern for the effects of management for wood fuel on the diversity of plants and animals and on the depletion of soil and water resources. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,WASHINGTON,DC 20250. RP Skog, KE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 47 IS 2 BP 63 EP 69 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA WK963 UT WOS:A1997WK96300013 ER PT J AU Ross, RJ McDonald, KA Green, DW Schad, KC AF Ross, RJ McDonald, KA Green, DW Schad, KC TI Relationship between log and lumber modulus of elasticity SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Past nondestructive evaluation (NDE) research efforts have paved the way for the successful use of NDE for determining the quality of finished wood products. However, little effort has been expended on developing nonvisual NDE techniques for use in grading or sorting logs for internal soundness and structural quality. This paper describes the results of a study that addressed this problem. Longitudinal stress wave NDE techniques were used to evaluate the quality of 193 balsam fir and eastern spruce logs prior to processing into lumber. Longitudinal speed-of-stress wave transmission was used to determine the modulus of elasticity (MOE) for each log. The MOE of each piece of structural lumber cut from the logs was then determined using transverse vibration NDE techniques. A strong relationship was observed between the MOE of the logs and the lumber obtained from the logs. RP Ross, RJ (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,USDA,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 14 TC 78 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 47 IS 2 BP 89 EP 92 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA WK963 UT WOS:A1997WK96300017 ER PT J AU Ross, DW Daterman, GE AF Ross, DW Daterman, GE TI Using pheromone-baited traps to control the amount and distribution of tree mortality during outbreaks of the Douglas-fir beetle SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus pseudotsugae; bark beetles; aggregation pheromones; mass trapping; Thanasimus undatulus ID DENDROCTONUS-PSEUDOTSUGAE COLEOPTERA; SCOLYTIDAE; INFESTATION AB Multiple-funnel traps baited with strong aggregation pheromone lures were placed throughout three 259 ha plots in northeastern Oregon during an outbreak of the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins. Mean numbers (I SEM) of Douglas-fir beetles collected per plot for the entire flight periods of 1992 and 1993 were 277,921 +/- 40,447 and 268,834 +/- 37,088, respectively. Mean numbers (+/- SEM) of the most abundant predator, Thanasimus undatulus (Say), collected per plot in 1992 and 1993 were 43,527 +/- 3,553 and 35,652 +/- 3,514, respectively. Douglas-fir beetle-caused tree mortality was concentrated around the trap sites in the treated plots, even though traps were located an average of 40 m from the nearest host tree. Managers can influence the spatial distribution of tree mortality during an outbreak by selective placement of traps across the landscape. Selective trap placement, plus the removal of trapped beetles from the population, may reduce tree mortality within the general area. C1 US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,CORVALLIS,OR 97331. RP Ross, DW (reprint author), OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT FOREST SCI,PEAVY HALL 154,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 45 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 43 IS 1 BP 65 EP 70 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WH561 UT WOS:A1997WH56100007 ER PT J AU Preisler, HK Rappaport, NG Wood, DL AF Preisler, HK Rappaport, NG Wood, DL TI Regression methods for spatially correlated data: An example using beetle attacks in a seed orchard SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Douglas-fir; nonparametric regression; Poisson counts; spatial statistics; twig beetles; Pityophthorus orarius ID PATTERNS AB We present a statistical procedure for studying the simultaneous effects of observed covariates and unmeasured spatial variables on responses of interest. The procedure uses regression type analyses that can be used with existing statistical software packages. An example using the rate of twig beetle attacks on Douglas-fir trees in a seed orchard illustrates the problem and the recommended statistical procedures. Use of this procedure revealed spatial patterns in beetle attacks that were not otherwise evident. We also found that the covariates, tree vigor, cone crop, and host genotype (i.e., clone) apparently had significant effects on number of beetle attacks within a model that also included location effects. This procedure should prove useful in other situations where spatial trends are of interest in themselves and are not simply viewed as nuisance parameters to be dealt with by the proper experimental design. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT ENVIRONM SCI POLICY & MANAGEMENT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Preisler, HK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,PACIFIC SW RES STN,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 43 IS 1 BP 71 EP 77 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WH561 UT WOS:A1997WH56100008 ER PT J AU Preisler, HK Slaughter, GW AF Preisler, HK Slaughter, GW TI A stochastic model for tree survival in stands affected by annosum root disease SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE double censoring; Jackknife estimate; repeated sampling; spatial-temporal data; survival distribution ID FOREST AB Mortality of trees surrounding pine stumps colonized by Heterobasidion annosum for about 35 years was monitored over a period of 20 yr in 53 eastside pine stands in northern California. The data were used to develop a stochastic model that quantifies effects of tree characteristics and spatial proximities on survival of trees within 12 m of a colonized stump. The model accommodates mortality data collected at irregular intervals. Variables with significant effects on tree survival included trees species, size, and distance of roots from the root of a previously dead tree. Results from stochastic models based on actual data are useful for detecting factors affecting tree survival and for evaluating assumptions of numerical (simulation) models, such as root disease computer models. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT PLANT PATHOL, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. RP Preisler, HK (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, USDA, PACIFIC SW RES STN, ALBANY, CA 94706 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X EI 1938-3738 J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 43 IS 1 BP 78 EP 86 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WH561 UT WOS:A1997WH56100009 ER PT J AU Paul, AD Foster, GS Caldwell, T McRae, J AF Paul, AD Foster, GS Caldwell, T McRae, J TI Trends in genetic and environmental parameters for height, diameter, and volume in a multilocation clonal study with loblolly pine SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pinus taeda; genetic variance; clone; heritability ID STAND DEVELOPMENT; EARLY SELECTION; GROWTH; STABILITY; FAMILIES; VARIANCE; FORESTRY; KARST; TESTS AB Seedlings from 30 full-sib families (contained in 2, 4 x 4 factorials) of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were cloned and planted in three test sites in Georgia. Analyses were conducted on total height at ages 1 to 5 yr in the field, dbh at age 5, and individual tree volume at age 5. Four sources of genetic control were tested: male parent, female parent, male x female parent interaction, and clone within family. Differential growth responses due to test sites were present. Significant differences were detected among male parents for only one (age 5 height) of the seven traits in only one factorial. However, variation for height among female parents was found at ages 1 to 5 in only one of the two factorials accounting for 1% to 9% of the total variation. Significant effects of clone within family were found at all ages in one factorial and at ages 1, 3, and 4 in the other factorial for height but not for dbh or individual tree volume. None of the parental sources (male, female, or male x female) were interactive with test sites except one isolated case at age 2 in one factorial. However, the clone within family source of variation interacted significantly with site for height at ages 3 to 5 in factorial 1. Differences due to male or female parent effects were somewhat lower than has been found in other similar studies, possibly due to the relatively low number of parents in both factorials and hence, sampling effects. Future genetic studies should include more parents in the mating design but with approximately the same number of cloned individuals per cross in order to provide a better test of sources of variation. Trends in genetic and environmental variances and heritabilities were examined. Additive genetic variance (V-A') for tree height displayed a steady increase from age 1 to 5. Dominance genetic variance (V-D') for height also increased steadily over the same age range. The relationship between V-A' and V-D', differed between the two factorials. In factorial 1, V-A' was larger than V-D' for ages 1 to 4, then V-D became larger for age 5. The reverse pattern occurred in factorial 2. Epistatic genetic variance was detected only at age 1 for height in factorial 1 and at ages 1 and 3 in factorial 2. Dominance variance equaled or exceeded additive genetic variance for dbh and individual tree volume at age 5. Narrow-sense and broad-sense heritabilities for height were low to intermediate (0.05 to 0.37) from ages 1 to 5 and were more or less stable over ages. The importance of dominance genetic variance, at least to age 5, underscores the likelihood of additional genetic gains through a clonal tree improvement and deployment program beyond the gains achieved in a seed orchard/seedling based program. C1 ALABAMA A&M UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,NORMAL,AL 35762. INT FOREST SEED CO,ODENVILLE,AL 35120. US FOREST SERV,USDA,SO RES STN,ASHEVILLE,NC 28802. US FOREST SERV,USDA,SO RES STN,GULFPORT,MS 39503. RP Paul, AD (reprint author), OAKWOOD COLL,HUNTSVILLE,AL, USA. NR 52 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 43 IS 1 BP 87 EP 98 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WH561 UT WOS:A1997WH56100010 ER PT J AU Hof, J Bevers, M Kent, B AF Hof, J Bevers, M Kent, B TI An optimization approach to area-based forest pest management over time and space SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE integer programming; spatial optimization; pest dispersal; spatial analysis ID BEETLE AB This paper discusses spatial optimization approaches to managing aggressively reproducing and dispersing pests. The relevant land planning area is divided into cells, and pest growth and dispersal across those cells are accounted for in integer programs that include choice variables for applying control treatments to those cells. Two model formulations are developed and demonstrated in a simple case example: one that assumes no limit to host capacity and one that assumes a limit to host capacity accumulated over time. The formulation with no host capacity limit is shown to be potentially unrealistic if control treatments are not limited. Different objective functions and amounts of control treatment result in optimal strategies that vary from immediate containment near the pest's origin to delayed containment at an area away from the pest's origin. Both formulations are difficult to solve, reflecting the exploratory nature of this paper. RP Hof, J (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,USDA,240 W PROSPECT ST,FT COLLINS,CO, USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 43 IS 1 BP 121 EP 128 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WH561 UT WOS:A1997WH56100013 ER PT J AU Haight, RG Travis, LE AF Haight, RG Travis, LE TI Wildlife conservation planning using stochastic optimization and importance sampling SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE importance sampling; metapopulation; Monte Carlo simulation; population modeling; retrospective optimization; wildlife management ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWL; POPULATION VIABILITY; SPECIES PRESERVATION; PROGRAMMING APPROACH; OPTIMIZING WILDLIFE; TIMBER; LANDSCAPE; HABITAT; MODELS; RISK AB Formulations for determining conservation plans for sensitive wildlife species must account for economic costs of habitat protection and uncertainties about how wildlife populations will respond. This paper describes such a formulation and addresses the computational challenge of solving it. The problem is to determine the cost-efficient level of habitat protection that satisfies a viability constraint for a sensitive wildlife population. The viability constraint requires a high probability of attaining a population size target. Because of the complexity of wildlife prediction models, population survival probabilities under alternative protection plans must be estimated using Monte Carlo simulation. The computational challenge arises from the conflicting effects of sample size: fewer replications used to estimate survival probability increases the speed of the search algorithm but reduces the precision of the estimator of the optimal protection plan. Importance sampling is demonstrated as a simulation technique for reducing estimator variance for a given sample size, particularly when the tail of the population distribution is of critical importance. The method is demonstrated on a hypothetical problem involving gray wolf management in the Great Lakes region of the United States. In comparison to random sampling, importance sampling produces a 21-fold reduction in the variance of the estimator of the minimum-cost protection plan. Results from the optimization model demonstrate the extreme sensitivity of the minimum-cost protection plan to the structure of the growth model and the magnitude of environmental variation. This sensitivity is not widely recognized in the literature on wildlife habitat planning and is a strong reason for using optimization methods that can handle stochastic population models with a wide range of structures. C1 METROPOLITAN STATE UNIV,DEPT INFORMAT & COMP SCI,MINNEAPOLIS,MN. RP Haight, RG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. NR 35 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 17 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 43 IS 1 BP 129 EP 139 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WH561 UT WOS:A1997WH56100014 ER PT J AU Cecich, RA AF Cecich, RA TI Pollen tube growth in Quercus SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acorns; callose; flowers; oak; pollination AB Fluorescence and brightfield microscopy were used to evaluate pollen tube growth in the Erythrobalanus and Lepidobalanus subgenera of the genus Quercus. All three species had the same pattern of pollen tube growth behavior, from the time pollen landed on the stigmas to the cessation of pollen tube elongation in mid-May. Pollen tubes grew from the apertures, penetrated the stigmatic epidermis, and produced a series of callose plugs as they advanced basipetally through the transmitting tissue of the styles. Pollen tubes grew through the solid transmitting tissue until they reached the level of the visible portion of the perianth, where the three styles join. In white oak, the arrested pollen tubes resumed growth in early June, and fertilization occurred during the week of June 11. In northern red oak and black oak, resumption of pollen tube growth occurred in the following growing season. Pollen tubes of northern red oak resumed growth in the May 22 collections and fertilization occurred during the week of June 12. In black oak, however, pollen tubes resumed growth in the June 5 collections and fertilization occurred in late June. The control over pollen tube elongation may be environmental or sporophytic. RP Cecich, RA (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, N CENT FOREST EXPT STN, USDA, COLUMBIA, MO 65211 USA. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 43 IS 1 BP 140 EP 146 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WH561 UT WOS:A1997WH56100015 ER PT J AU Keller, NP Hohn, TM AF Keller, NP Hohn, TM TI Metabolic pathway gene clusters in filamentous fungi SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE descriptors; Aspergillus nidulans; filamentous fungi; gene clusters; metabolic ID CARBON CATABOLITE REPRESSION; PENICILLIN BIOSYNTHETIC GENE; N SYNTHETASE GENES; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; AFLATOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS; TRICHOTHECENE BIOSYNTHESIS; FUSARIUM-SPOROTRICHIOIDES; NITRATE ASSIMILATION; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; REGULATORY GENE C1 USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604. RP Keller, NP (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL & PLANT PATHOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 92 TC 365 Z9 383 U1 4 U2 47 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 21 IS 1 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1006/fgbi.1997.0970 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA WP025 UT WOS:A1997WP02500006 PM 9126615 ER PT J AU Tevosian, SG Shih, HH Mendelson, KG Sheppard, KA Paulson, KE Yee, AS AF Tevosian, SG Shih, HH Mendelson, KG Sheppard, KA Paulson, KE Yee, AS TI HBP1: A HMG box transcriptional repressor that is targeted by the retinoblastoma family SO GENES & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE HBP1; HMG transcription factor; retinoblastoma family ID TCR-ALPHA ENHANCER; CELL-CYCLE ARREST; BINDING PROTEIN; EMBRYONIC LETHALITY; EXPRESSION CLONING; MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT; GENE-PRODUCT; FACTOR E2F-1; S-PHASE; DNA AB A prominent feature of cell differentiation is the initiation and maintenance of an irreversible cell cycle arrest with the complex involvement of the retinoblastoma (RE) family (RE, p130, p107). We have isolated the HBP1 transcriptional repressor as a potential target of the RE family in differentiated cells. By homology, HBP1 is a sequence-specific HMG transcription factor, of which LEE-I is the best-characterized family member. Several features of HBP1 suggest an intriguing role as a transcriptional and cell cycle regulator in differentiated cells. first, inspection of the HBP1 protein sequence revealed two consensus RE interaction motifs (LXCXE and IXCXE). Second, HBP1 interaction was selective for RE and p130, but not p107. HBP1, RE, and p130 levels are all up-regulated with differentiation; in contrast, p107 levels decline. Third, HBP1 can function as a transcriptional repressor of the promoter for N-MYC, which is a critical cell cycle and developmental gene. fourth, because the activation of the N-MYC promoter in cycling cells required the E2F transcription factor, we show that E2F-1 and HBP1 represent opposite transcriptional signals that can be integrated within the N-MYC promoter. Fifth, the expression of HBP1 lead to efficient cell cycle arrest. The arrest phenotype was manifested in the presence of optimal proliferation signals, suggesting that HBP1 exerted a dominant regulatory role. Taken together, the results suggest that HBP1 may represent a unique transcriptional repressor with a role in initiation and establishment of cell cycle arrest during differentiation. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GENET LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Tevosian, SG (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK-34928, DK 50442]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM44634] NR 72 TC 111 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 SN 0890-9369 J9 GENE DEV JI Genes Dev. PD FEB 1 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 383 EP 396 DI 10.1101/gad.11.3.383 PG 14 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA WH817 UT WOS:A1997WH81700009 PM 9030690 ER PT J AU Li, ZK Pinson, SRM Park, WD Paterson, AH Stansel, JW AF Li, ZK Pinson, SRM Park, WD Paterson, AH Stansel, JW TI Epistasis for three grain yield components in rice (Oryza sativa L) SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE-TRAIT LOCI; MARKER-FACILITATED INVESTIGATIONS; DROSOPHILA-SIMULANS CLADE; METABOLIC CONTROL-THEORY; HYBRID MALE-STERILITY; MENDELIAN FACTORS; ASSISTED SELECTION; MOLECULAR MARKERS; MAIZE; SPECIATION AB The genetic basis for three grain yield components of rice, 1000 kernel weight (KW), grain number per panicle (GN), and grain weight. per panicle (GWP), was investigated using restriction fragment length polymorphism markers and F-4 progeny testing from a cross between lice subspecies japonica (cultivar Lemont from USA) and indica (cv. Teqing from China). Following identification of 19 QTL affecting these traits, we investigated the role of epistasis in genetic control of these phenotypes. Among 63 markers distributed throughout the genome that appeared to be involved in 79 highly significant (P < 0.001) interactions, most (46 or 73%) did not appear to have ''main'' effects on the relevant traits, but influenced the trait(s) predominantly through interactions. These results indicate that epistasis is an important genetic basis for complex traits such as yield components, especially traits of low heritability such as GN and GWP. The identification of epistatic loci is an important step toward resolution of discrepancies between quantitative trait loci mapping and classical genetic dogma, contributes to better understanding of the persistence of quantitative genetic variation in populations, and impels reconsideration of optimal mapping methodology and marker-assisted breeding strategies for improvement of complex traits. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. TEXAS A&M UNIV,AGR SYST RES & EXTENS CTR,BEAUMONT,TX 77713. USDA ARS,BEAUMONT,TX 77713. RP Li, ZK (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT SOIL & CROP SCI,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 62 TC 276 Z9 395 U1 2 U2 12 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD FEB PY 1997 VL 145 IS 2 BP 453 EP 465 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA WM599 UT WOS:A1997WM59900021 PM 9071598 ER PT J AU Echt, CS MayMarquardt, P AF Echt, CS MayMarquardt, P TI Survey of microsatellite DNA in pine SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Pinus strobus; Pinus taeda; eastern white pine; loblolly pine; simple sequence repeats ID BRASSICA-NAPUS L; INVITRO AMPLIFICATION; SIMPLE SEQUENCES; GENOMIC LIBRARY; REPETITIVE DNA; ABUNDANCE; MARKERS; REPEATS; POLYMORPHISMS; HYBRIDIZATION AB A large insert genomic library from eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) was probed for the microsatellite motifs (AC)(n) and (AG)(n), all 10 trinucleotide motifs, and 22 of the 33 possible tetranucleotide motifs. For comparison with a species from a different subgenus, a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) genomic library was also probed with the same set of di- and tri-nucleotide repeats and 11 of the tetranucleotide repeats. The four most abundant microsatellite motifs in both species were (AC)(n), (AG)(n), (AAT)(n), and (ATC)(n), which as a group accounted for over half the microsatellite sites investigated. The two dinucleotide repeats were the most abundant microsatellite motifs tested in both species, each at 2-4.5 sites/megabase pair (Mbp), but the two trinucleotide motifs were nearly as abundant and are considered good candidates for pine microsatellite marker development efforts. Eastern white pine had more than twice as many (AC)(n) as (AG)(n) loci, in contrast with loblolly pine and most other plant species in which (AG)(n) is more abundant. In both pine species the minimum estimated genome density for all microsatellites, excluding (AT)(n) repeats, was 16 sites/Mbp. RP FOREST SERV RES, USDA, N CENT FOREST EXPT STN, 5985 CTY RD, RHINELANDER, WI 54501 USA. RI Echt, Craig/H-4684-2012 OI Echt, Craig/0000-0001-9330-4051 NR 40 TC 56 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 EI 1480-3321 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD FEB PY 1997 VL 40 IS 1 BP 9 EP 17 DI 10.1139/g97-002 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA XD417 UT WOS:A1997XD41700002 PM 9061909 ER PT J AU Mermut, AR Luk, SH Romkens, MJM Poesen, JWA AF Mermut, AR Luk, SH Romkens, MJM Poesen, JWA TI Soil loss by splash and wash during rainfall from two loess soils SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE interrill runoff; lateral clay movement; loess soil; rainfall intensity; simulated rain storm; soil erosion; soil splash ID INFILTRATION; EROSION; CRUST; ENERGY AB Physical processes occurring during surface seal formation through a rainstorm are well understood, but limited information is available regarding the quantity and particle size distribution of splash and runoff at certain time intervals. In this study, we evaluated the quantity and particle size distribution of suspensions of both splash and interrill runoff in two loess soils with different mineralogy and aggregate stability, and somewhat different particle size distribution, but similar organic matter content. The soils were subjected to simulated rainstorms of similar to 40 mm h-l and 100 mm h(-1) intensities. The amount of splash was about four times higher for the Saskatchewan soil (Typic Haploboroll) with high smectite than for the Grenada soil (Typic Fragiudalf) which is rich in Fe-oxyhydroxides. The amount of splashed material and sediment load increased with increased rainfall intensity for both soils, Splash was decreased after wetting of the soil surface. The decrease in splash rate was more rapid with high rainfall intensity. The amount of clay size particles of the splash was similar to the original soil material. Micromorphological observations confirmed the fluctuations in clay content with time, at the very surface. Soil materials splashed were much higher (10 to 20 times) than the interrill runoff losses. The latter was controlled by the rainfall intensity. The soil material from Saskatchewan, produced more than 11 Mg ha(-1) of interrill runoff with low rainfall intensity. High rainfall intensity produced 10 time more soil loss than low rainfall intensity. High amount of soil loss clearly shows that the Saskatchewan soil would benefit from erosion control measures. Both rainfall intensities removed preferentially more clay from the Saskatchewan B horizon material. This has important agronomic and environmental implications for this soil. Interrill soil losses fi-um the Granada A horizon material were much less, with no clear evidence of preferential removal of clay size particles. C1 UNIV TORONTO,DEPT GEOG,TORONTO,ON M5S 1A1,CANADA. ARS,NATL SEDIMENTAT LAB,USDA,OXFORD,MS. CATHOLIC UNIV LEUVEN,NATL FUND SCI RES,LAB EXPT GEOMORPHOL,B-3000 LOUVAIN,BELGIUM. RP Mermut, AR (reprint author), UNIV SASKATCHEWAN,DEPT SOIL SCI,SASKATOON,SK S7N 5A8,CANADA. NR 22 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD FEB PY 1997 VL 75 IS 3-4 BP 203 EP 214 DI 10.1016/S0016-7061(96)00091-2 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA WK970 UT WOS:A1997WK97000004 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA AF Bunce, JA TI Variation in growth stimulation by elevated carbon dioxide in seedlings of some C-3 crop and weed species SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acclimation; carbon dioxide; growth; photosynthesis; net assimilation rate; relative growth rate ID CO2 ENRICHMENT AB Seven C-3 crop and three C-3 weed species were grown from seed at 360 and at 700 cm(3) m(-3) carbon dioxide concentrations in a controlled environment chamber to compare dry mass, relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR) and photosynthetic acclimation at ambient and elevated carbon dioxide. The dry mass at the final harvest at elevated carbon dioxide relative to that at ambient carbon dioxide was highly correlated with the RGR at the lower carbon dioxide concentration. This relationship could be quite common, because it does not require that species differ in the response of RGR or photosynthesis to elevated carbon dioxide, and holds even when species differ moderately in these responses. RGR was also measured for a limited period at the end of the experiment to determine relationships with leaf gas exchange measured at this time. Relative increases in RGR at elevated carbon dioxide at this time were more highly correlated with the relative increase in NAR at elevated carbon dioxide than with the response of LAR. The amount of acclimation of photosynthesis was a good predictor of the relative increase in NAR at elevated carbon dioxide, and the longterm increase in photosynthesis in the growth environment. No differences between crops and weeds or between cool and warm climate species were found in the responses of growth or photosynthetic acclimation to elevated carbon dioxide. RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), ARS,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 6 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOB CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 3 IS 1 BP 61 EP 66 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.00051.x PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WG661 UT WOS:A1997WG66100007 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA Wilson, KB Carlson, TN AF Bunce, JA Wilson, KB Carlson, TN TI The effect of doubled CO2 on water use by alfalfa and orchard grass: Simulating evapotranspiration using canopy conductance measurements SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; canopy conductance; carbon dioxide; evapotranspiration; orchard grass; stomatal conductance ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; ELEVATED CO2; TRANSPIRATION; RESPONSES; ASSIMILATION; GROWTH; LEAF AB Alfalfa and orchard grass crops were grown at ambient and twice ambient carbon dioxide concentrations in field plots for several years in Beltsville, MD, using semiopen chambers. Canopy conductances throughout many days were determined from water vapour exchange measurements, and indicated significant reductions in canopy conductance to water vapour at elevated carbon dioxide in both species. However, recognizing that the artificial ventilation in the chambers made direct comparisons of evapotranspiration rates questionable, we used a soil-vegetation-atmosphere model to determine what field-scale evapotranspiration rates would have been with natural ventilation. Unlike the 'omega' approach, the model used allowed feedbacks between the canopy and the atmosphere, such that, for example, canopy conductance responses affected profiles of temperature and water vapour. Simulations indicated that although canopy conductances were lower at elevated carbon dioxide by as much as 20% in alfalfa and 60% in orchard grass, evapotranspiration rates never differed by more than 3% in alfalfa or 8% in orchard grass. Daily totals of evapotranspiration were only 1-2% lower at elevated carbon dioxide in alfalfa, and 2-5% lower in orchard grass. The results are partly explained by the fact that aerodynamic conductances to water vapour were generally smaller than the stomatal conductance, and also by canopy-atmosphere feedback processes which largely compensated for the lower conductance at elevated carbon dioxide by increasing the gradient for evaporation. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), ARS,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,USDA,BARC,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOB CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 3 IS 1 BP 81 EP 87 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WG661 UT WOS:A1997WG66100009 ER PT J AU Rogers, DL AF Rogers, DL TI Inheritance of allozymes from seed tissues of the hexaploid gymnosperm, Sequoia sempervirens (D Don) Endl (Coast redwood) SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE allozymes; Coast redwood; inheritance; polyploid; Sequoia sempervirens ID LINKAGE; VARIANTS; CEDAR; SEGREGATION; POLYPLOIDY; MENZIESII; DIVERSITY; ISOZYMES; ABIES AB Coast redwood, Sequoia sempervirens, is a hexaploid gymnosperm of putative autoallopolyploid origin. In this first study of allozymes from the seed tissues of Coast redwood, six enzyme systems were examined in the megagametophyte and embryo tissues of nine control-pollinated (full-sib) families. Megagametophyte segregation patterns reflected considerable within-family segregation and a meiotic process that is consistent with hexasomic segregation. The array of gametic phenotypes observed precludes strictly disomic segregation. Staining intensity of banding patterns was an unreliable indicator of allozyme frequency, and scoring of phenotypes in this study was conducted conservatively. Observations do not refute the long-standing hypothesis of an autoallopolyploid origin. RP Rogers, DL (reprint author), USDA FOREST SERV,PACIFIC SW RES STN,POB 245,BERKELEY,CA 94701, USA. NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD FEB PY 1997 VL 78 BP 166 EP 175 PN 2 PG 10 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA WH784 UT WOS:A1997WH78400006 ER PT J AU Simon, PW AF Simon, PW TI Plant pigments for color and nutrition SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS; CANCER; PREVENTION RP Simon, PW (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT HORT, USDA ARS, VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. NR 32 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 12 EP 13 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WP694 UT WOS:A1997WP69400001 ER PT J AU Tibbitts, TW Krizek, DT AF Tibbitts, TW Krizek, DT TI History of the ASHS Working Group on Growth Chambers and Controlled Environments, 1969-96: A case study of involvement SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GUIDELINES C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,MADISON,WI 53706. NR 75 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 16 EP 20 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WP694 UT WOS:A1997WP69400003 PM 11540249 ER PT J AU Wood, BW Payne, JA AF Wood, BW Payne, JA TI Comparison of ZnO and ZnSO4 for correcting severe foliar zinc deficiency in pecan SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Carya illinoinensis; disking; uptake; rosette; yield; soil ID STUART PECAN AB Ground applications of ZnO to large mature pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] trees in orchards possessing an acidic soil, but with a culturally induced slightly alkaline soil surface zone, were at least as effective as was ZnSO4 for rapidly correcting severe foliar Zn deficiency, improving in-shell nut production, and maintaining kernel quality. Under such soil conditions, light disking of Zn applied at 160 kg . ha(-1) from ZnO elevated foliar Zn above the sufficiency level by the second growing season after application; whereas an absence of disking delayed substantial uptake from ZnO until the fourth growing season. ZnO, usually a lower priced Zn source, was as effective as was ZnSO4 for correcting Zn deficiencies via broadcast ground application; however, same season correction of Zn deficiency was best accomplished by the standard practice of using foliar sprays of ZnSO4 rather than by heavy soil applications of either Zn source. RP Wood, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008, USA. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 53 EP 56 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WP694 UT WOS:A1997WP69400012 ER PT J AU Obenland, DM Margosan, DA Houck, LG Aung, LH AF Obenland, DM Margosan, DA Houck, LG Aung, LH TI Essential oils and chilling injury in lemon SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE d-limonene; quarantine; Citrus limon ID GRAPEFRUIT AB Release, localization, and concentration of essential oils in chilling-injured and noninjured lemon [Citrus limon (L.) Burm.] fruit were investigated to enhance understanding of how chilling injury (CI) occurs in lemon. CI in the form of moderate to severe pitting of the flavedo was initially apparent after 3 weeks at 1 degrees C, followed by a gradual increase in severity until termination of the experiment after 7 weeks at 1 degrees C. Curing the fruit at 15 degrees C for 1 meek before cold treatment greatly reduced the severity of CI. Release from the fruit of d-limonene, a major component of essential oil in lemon, increased with increasing amounts of CI. The enhancement of d-limonene release, however, lagged behind the development of CI. Studies of the internal anatomy of the flavedo using confocal microscopy indicated that essential oils mere abundantly present inside the oil gland and in oil bodies outside the gland. Chilling-injured flavedo exhibited no obvious disruption of either the oil glands or the oil bodies. Extraction and quantification of d-limonene from chilling-injured and noninjured flavedo indicated that similar amounts of oil were present in the tissue, regardless of injury. Damage to the flavedo after 3 weeks at 1 degrees C was noted in the form of flattened or collapsed cells between the top of the gland and the epidermis, whereas collapse of the oil gland only was observed in later stages of injury development. RP Obenland, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 108 EP 111 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WP694 UT WOS:A1997WP69400028 ER PT J AU Zhang, HY Graves, WR Townsend, AM AF Zhang, HY Graves, WR Townsend, AM TI Water loss and survival of stem cuttings of two maple cultivars held in subirrigated medium at 24 to 33 degrees C SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE heat resistance; asexual propagation; Acer rubrum; Acer xfreemanii AB We determined transpiration rate, survival, and rooting of unmisted, softwood cuttings of 'Autumn Flame' red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and 'Indian Summer' Freeman maple (Acer xfreemanii E. Murray). Effects of perlite at 24, 30, and 33 degrees C were assessed to determine whether responses of cuttings would be consistent with cultivar differences in resistance to root-zone heat previously shown with whole plants. During 7 d, cutting fresh mass increased by approximate to 20% at all temperatures for 'Autumn Flame' red maple, but fresh mass of 'Indian Summer' Freeman maple decreased by 17% and 21% at 30 and 33 degrees C, respectively. The percentage of cuttings of 'Indian Summer' that mere alive decreased over time and with increasing temperature. Transpiration rate decreased during the first half of the treatment period and then increased to approximate to 1.1 and 0.3 mmol . m(-2). s(-1) for 'Autumn Flame' and 'Indian Summer', respectively. Mean rooting percentages over temperatures for 'Autumn Flame' and 'Indian Summer' were 69% and 16%, respectively. Mean rooting percentages at 24, 30, and 33 degrees C over both cultivars were 74%, 29%, and 25%, respectively. Over temperatures, mean root count per cutting was 41 and seven, and mean root dry mass per cutting was 4.9 and 0.4 mg, for 'Autumn Flame' and 'Indian Summer', respectively. Use of subirrigation without mist to root stem cuttings was more successful for 'Autumn Flame' than for 'Indian Summer'. Temperature x cultivar interactions for cutting fresh mass and the percentage of cuttings remaining alive during treatment were consistent with previous evidence that whole plants of 'Autumn Flame' are more heat resistant than plants of 'Indian Summer'. Mass and survival of stem cuttings during propagation in heated rooting medium may serve as tools for screening for whole-plant heat resistance among maple genotypes. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT HORT,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,US NATL ARBORETUM,WASHINGTON,DC 20002. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 129 EP 131 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WP694 UT WOS:A1997WP69400034 ER PT J AU PerkinsVeazie, P Collins, JK Clark, JR Risse, L AF PerkinsVeazie, P Collins, JK Clark, JR Risse, L TI Air shipment of 'Navaho' blackberry fruit to Europe is feasible SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rubus spp.; shelf life C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT HORT,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. USDA ARS,EUROPEAN MARKETING RES CTR,ROTTERDAM,NETHERLANDS. RP PerkinsVeazie, P (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LAB,POB 159,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 132 EP 132 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WP694 UT WOS:A1997WP69400035 ER PT J AU Shellie, KC Meyer, RD Mirkov, TE AF Shellie, KC Meyer, RD Mirkov, TE TI Extraction of total RNA from melon mesocarp tissue SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ribonucleic acid; muskmelon; cantaloupe; honeydew melon; Cucumis melo C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,WESLACO,TX 78596. RP Shellie, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS,2301 S INT BLVD,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 134 EP 134 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WP694 UT WOS:A1997WP69400037 ER PT J AU KatoNoguchi, H Watada, AE AF KatoNoguchi, H Watada, AE TI Citric acid reduces the respiration of fresh-cut carrots SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Daucus carota; CO2 production C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP KatoNoguchi, H (reprint author), KAGAWA UNIV,FAC AGR,DEPT BIORESOURCE SCI,MIKI,KAGAWA 76107,JAPAN. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 136 EP 136 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WP694 UT WOS:A1997WP69400039 ER PT J AU Thompson, TE Grauke, LJ Reid, W Smith, MW Winter, SR AF Thompson, TE Grauke, LJ Reid, W Smith, MW Winter, SR TI 'Kanza' pecan SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Carya illinoinensis; cultivar; variety; breeding C1 KANSAS STATE UNIV,PECAN EXPT FIELD,CHETOPA,KS 67336. OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,STILLWATER,OK 74078. TEXAS A&M UNIV,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. RP Thompson, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,PECAN GENET & BREEDING PROGRAM,ROUTE 2,BOX 133,SOMERVILLE,TX 77879, USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 139 EP 140 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WP694 UT WOS:A1997WP69400042 ER PT J AU Thompson, TE Goff, WD Nesbitt, ML Worley, RE OBarr, RD Wood, BW AF Thompson, TE Goff, WD Nesbitt, ML Worley, RE OBarr, RD Wood, BW TI 'Creek' pecan SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Carya illinoinensis; cultivar; variety; breeding C1 AUBURN UNIV,AUBURN,AL 36849. AUBURN UNIV,GULF COAST SUBSTN,FAIRHOPE,AL 36532. UNIV GEORGIA,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,PECAN RES EXPT STN,LOUISIANA AGR EXPT STN,CTR AGR,SHREVEPORT,LA 71135. USDA ARS,SE FRUIT & TREE NUT RES LAB,BYRON,GA 31008. RP Thompson, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS,PECAN GENET & BREEDING PROGRAM,ROUTE 2,BOX 133,SOMERVILLE,TX 77879, USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 141 EP 143 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WP694 UT WOS:A1997WP69400043 ER PT J AU Simon, PW Navazio, JP AF Simon, PW Navazio, JP TI Early Orange Mass 400, Early Orange Mass 402, and Late Orange Mass 404: High-carotene cucumber germplasm SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cucumis sativus; vegetable breeding; carotenoids; vitamin A RP Simon, PW (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,VEGETABLE CROPS RES UNIT,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 144 EP 145 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WP694 UT WOS:A1997WP69400044 ER PT J AU Simon, PW Rubatzky, VE Bassett, MJ Strandberg, JO White, JM AF Simon, PW Rubatzky, VE Bassett, MJ Strandberg, JO White, JM TI B7262, purple carrot inbred SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Daucus carota; vegetable breeding; anthocyanin C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. RP Simon, PW (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT HORT,USDA ARS,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 4 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 146 EP 147 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WP694 UT WOS:A1997WP69400045 ER PT J AU Reisch, BI Pool, RM Robinson, WB HenickKling, T Gavitt, BK Watson, JP Martens, MH Luce, RS Barrett, HC AF Reisch, BI Pool, RM Robinson, WB HenickKling, T Gavitt, BK Watson, JP Martens, MH Luce, RS Barrett, HC TI 'Traminette' grape SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fruit breeding; Vitis; wine grapes C1 CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE AGR EXPT STN,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,GENEVA,NY 14456. USDA ARS,ORLANDO,FL 32803. RP Reisch, BI (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE AGR EXPT STN,DEPT HORT SCI,GENEVA,NY 14456, USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 152 EP 153 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA WP694 UT WOS:A1997WP69400049 ER PT J AU Russo, VM Webber, CL Myers, DL AF Russo, VM Webber, CL Myers, DL TI Kenaf extract affects germination and post-germination development of weed, grass and vegetable seeds SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; hypocotyl; radicle; kenaf; weed control; seed germination AB Metabolites produced by one organism can affect development of other organisms. Kenaf(Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is used in products which put it in direct contact with other plants. This project was designed to determine whether kenaf plant extracts can affect germination and development of vegetable, grass and weed seeds. Frost-killed kenaf was chipped and either immediately frozen (weathered 0 months) or applied to the soil in mats in December and allowed to weather for 2 or 4 months. Kenaf samples, weathered from 0 to 4 months, were ground and soluble materials were extracted with distilled water. Seeds of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and annual Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) were exposed to 0, 16.7, 33.3, and 66.7 g/l of kenaf extract. Distilled water and three concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG) were included as controls. After 7 days, total germination and hypocotyl and radicle lengths were determined. Extracts of kenaf weathered up to 4 months, especially at the highest concentration, reduced germination in pigweed by 50-70%. Germination in tomato and ryegrass was reduced by 30% when exposed to the highest concentration of unweathered kenaf. As length of time of weathering of kenaf increased, germination and length of most plants increased. This suggests that, over time, the detrimental compounds in kenaf were leached or otherwise changed so that they had no effect or became beneficial. Non-weathered kenaf or its extracts, may be employed to suppress weeds. Alternatively, weathered kenaf tissue or extracts may stimulate germination and post-germination development of existing economic crops. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 E CENT UNIV,DEPT CHEM,ADA,OK 74820. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT AGR RES LABS,LANE,OK 74555, USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(96)00206-3 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WM033 UT WOS:A1997WM03300008 ER PT J AU Layton, MC Calliste, SG Gomez, TM Patton, C Brooks, S AF Layton, MC Calliste, SG Gomez, TM Patton, C Brooks, S TI A mixed foodborne outbreak with Salmonella heidelberg and Campylobacter jejuni in a nursing home SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTERITIDIS; POULTRY AB OBJECTIVE: To investigate a mixed Salmonella heidelberg and Campylobacter jejuni foodborne outbreak in a nursing home. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study with a nested case-control design. Cases were defined by positive stool-culture results. Controls needed to be both asymptomatic and culture-negative. SETTING AND PATIENTS: Residents of a 580-bed nursing home in Brooklyn, New York. RESULTS: Of the 580 residents, 119 (21%) developed illness. Of the 93 symptomatic patients who submitted specimens, cultures were positive for S heidelberg in 24 (26%), C jejuni in 14 (15%), and both microorganisms in 25 (27%). Only the pureed diet was associated highly with infection by either Salmonella (odds ratio [OR], 17.6; 95% confidence interval [CI95], 4.8-68.7; P<.001), Campylobacter (OR, 13.3; CI95 3.2-59.2; P<.001), or both organisms (OR, 8.9; CI95, 2.7-30.3; P<.001). Among the 52 pureed foods served during the 5 days before the outbreak, five meat or poultry items were associated most strongly with culture positivity. Of these five meat items, only a chopped-liver salad was implicated by the two employees reporting illness. A reported food-handling error occurred when ground, cooked chicken livers were placed in a bowl containing raw chicken-liver juices. INTERVENTION: Recommendations for proper cleaning and sanitizing of kitchen equipment to prevent cross-contamination between raw and cooked foods. CONCLUSIONS: Mixed foodborne outbreaks occur rarely. During this outbreak, contamination of a single food item with multiple bacterial pathogens was the likely source of transmission. Improper food-handling techniques that promote growth of one microorganism also allow growth of other pathogens that may be present. Because different sources and routes of transmission may be implicated for different pathogens, specific preventive measures may vary depending on the organisms involved. C1 CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEM INTELLIGENCE SERV,DIV FIELD EPIDEMIOL,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,HLTH RES TRAINING PROGRAM,NEW YORK,NY 10013. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,FOODBORNE & DIARRHEAL DIS BRANCH,DIV BACTERIAL & MYCOT DIS,ATLANTA,GA. ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,USDA,RIVERDALE,MD. KINGSBROOK JEWISH MED CTR,MICROBIOL LAB,BROOKLYN,NY. RP Layton, MC (reprint author), NEW YORK CITY DEPT HLTH,BUR COMMUNICABLE DIS,125 WORTH ST,ROOM 300,BOX 22A,NEW YORK,NY 10013, USA. NR 16 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 18 IS 2 BP 115 EP 121 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA WH325 UT WOS:A1997WH32500007 PM 9120239 ER PT J AU Kogut, MH Moyes, R Deloach, JR AF Kogut, MH Moyes, R Deloach, JR TI Neutralization of G-CSF inhibits ILK-induced heterophil influx: Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor mediates the Salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokine potentiation of the acute avian inflammatory response SO INFLAMMATION LA English DT Article ID ORGAN INVASION; TYPHIMURIUM; CELLS; NEUTROPHILS; INFECTIONS; LEUKOCYTES; ATTACHMENT; CYTOKINES; CHICKENS; LIVER AB Hematopoietic colony stimulating factors (CSF) regulate the growth and development of phagocytic cell progenitors and also augment functional activation of phagocytes, Granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF) is the CSF that acts specifically upon granulocyte progenitor cells and mature granulocytes. We have shown that lymphokines (ILK) from T cells of birds immunized against Salmonella enteritidis (SE) induce a granulocytic (PMN) inflammatory response in chicks challenged with SE. This inflammatory response was characterized by: (a) a dramatic emigration of granulocytic cells from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood, (b) an enhancement of the biological functions of the circulating PMNs, and (c) a directed influx of these activated PMNs to the site of bacterial invasion. In the current study, we determined the presence of G-CSF in ILK by Western blot analysis using a goat polyclonal antihuman G-CSF antibody (Ab). Using this Ab, we then evaluated the role of G-CSF in the ILK-induced protective inflammatory response in chickens against SE. Pretreatment of ILK with the Ab totally abolished the colony-stimulating activity of the ILK. Furthermore, Ab treatment of ILK resulted in: (a) an elimination of the ILK-induced peripheral blood heterophilia with a dramatic inhibition of ILK-mediated protection against SE organ invasion and (b) an elimination of accumulation of inflammatory PMNs in the peritoneum with subsequent decrease in the survival rate of chicks challenged i.p. with SE. Taken together these studies demonstrate for the first time the contribution of G-CSF to avian PMN activation and the immunoprophylaxis of SE infection by ILK in neonatal chickens. RP Kogut, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0360-3997 J9 INFLAMMATION JI Inflammation PD FEB PY 1997 VL 21 IS 1 BP 9 EP 25 DI 10.1023/A:1027382523535 PG 17 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA XC494 UT WOS:A1997XC49400002 PM 9179618 ER PT J AU Schuschke, DA Saari, JT Miller, FN AF Schuschke, DA Saari, JT Miller, FN TI Arteriolar dilation to endotoxin is increased in copper-deficient rats SO INFLAMMATION LA English DT Article ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITY; MICROVASCULAR RESPONSES; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; MAST-CELL; MICROCIRCULATION; VASODILATION; MUSCLE; AORTA; SHOCK AB We have previously reported that there is an altered response to mast cell-mediated inflammation in copper-deficient rats. In the current study we determined the microvascular reactivity to inflammatory stimuli with lipopolysacccharide (LPS) during dietary copper restriction. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed purified diets which were either copper-adequate (CuA, 6 mu g Cu/g) or copper-deficient (CuD, 0.4 mu g Cu/g) for 4 weeks. Rats were anaesthetized and the cremaster muscle was prepared for in vivo television microscopy. Arteriolar diameters were measured and then 2.5 mg/kg LPS was injected i.p. In separate groups, animals were pretreated with the NO-synthase inhibitor L-NAME (2 x 10(-4) M), the cyclooxygenase inhibitor ibuprofen (9.6 x 10(-5) M) or the histamine receptor antagonist diphenhydramine (DPH, 10(-6) M). LPS caused arteriolar dilation in both dietary groups with the response being significantly greater in the CuD group. Ibuprofen and DPH but not L-NAME, each significantly reduced but did not block the dilation in the CuD group. Ibuprofen and DPH together blocked the dilation. These results suggest that dietary copper deficiency increases arteriolar dilation to LPS. The mechanism appears to involve a greater response to arachidonic acid metabolites and histamine but not NO. C1 USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. RP Schuschke, DA (reprint author), UNIV LOUISVILLE,CTR APPL MICROCIRCULATORY RES,LOUISVILLE,KY 40292, USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 SN 0360-3997 J9 INFLAMMATION JI Inflammation PD FEB PY 1997 VL 21 IS 1 BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.1023/A:1027338808514 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA XC494 UT WOS:A1997XC49400005 PM 9179621 ER PT J AU Shirk, PD Zimowska, G AF Shirk, PD Zimowska, G TI An alpha-crystallin protein cognate in germ cells of the moth, Plodia interpunctella SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat shock proteins; ovary; oocyte; oenocyte; testes ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINS; DROSOPHILA POLAR GRANULES; INDIAN MEAL MOTH; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BOMBYX-MORI; GENE; EXPRESSION; VASA; LOCALIZATION; EVOLUTION AB Previously we had reported the production of an antiserum to an antigen found primarily in germ cells of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Zimowska et al., 1991), The antigen, molecular weight 25 000 kDa, and a related protein, molecular weight 21 000 kDa, co-purified with the follicular epithelium yolk protein, Antisera to the two proteins were raised, and they both reacted with the same four small polypeptides, which had molecular weights of 20 000, 21 000, 25 000 and 28 000 kDa, that were present in the eggs throughout embryogenesis. A 30 amino acid sequence of an internal fragment of the 25 000 kDa molecular weight polypeptide showed sequence similarity with the alpha-crystallin A chain polypeptides from the lenses of vertebrate eyes and, to a lesser extent, with small heat shock proteins, Based on the sequence similarity with the a-crystallins, we suggest that this family of polypeptides from the germ cells of this moth be considered as cognates of the alpha-crystallins, and the 25 000 molecular weight polypeptide described here be given the designation ac25, Using immune-gold labeling with antiserum to ac25, the alpha-crystallins were shown to be distributed throughout the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of the oocyte and nurse cells, but not present within yolk spheres or other organelles of the oocyte or nurse cells, Immunofluorescent staining of males showed antigenic material in the sperm bundles within the testes, Oenocytes of the pupal and adult stages also contained cross-reactive material. RP Shirk, PD (reprint author), USDA ARS,CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 27 IS 2 BP 149 EP 157 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(96)00079-3 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA WL614 UT WOS:A1997WL61400006 PM 9066124 ER PT J AU Beeman, RW Stauth, DM AF Beeman, RW Stauth, DM TI Rapid cloning of insect transposon insertion junctions using 'universal' PCR SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE one-sided PCR; gypsy-class retrotransposon; Tribolium castaneum ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MOLECULAR-GENETIC MANIPULATION; AMPLIFICATION; SEQUENCE; DNA; TRANSFORMATION; BOUNDARIES; ADJACENT; SEGMENTS; WALKING AB Very highly degenerate primers with short specific 3' anchor sequences and 5' adaptors were used in conjunction with nested specific primers to amplify large numbers of unknown insertion junctions of the insect retrotransposon Woot, using genomic DNA as template for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), This technique, sometimes referred to as universal PCR, is a powerful method for molecular characterization of transposon insertions into genomes, and more generally for short-distance chromosome walking through unknown RNA, Twenty-four unique insertion junctions were cloned and sequenced from two strains of Tribolium castaneum and one strain of T. freemani, Inspection of these sequences revealed that integration of the Woot retrotransposon is cued by the insertion target motif, GTAC, in both species. C1 USDA ARS,N CENT REG,US GRAIN MKT RES LAB,MANHATTAN,KS 66502. NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1 BP 83 EP 88 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA VZ691 UT WOS:A1997VZ69100011 PM 9013259 ER PT J AU Neucere, JN Cleveland, TE AF Neucere, JN Cleveland, TE TI Antifungal and electrophoretic properties of isolated protein fractions from corn kernels SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxins; antifungal factors; Aspergillus flavus; polypeptides RP Neucere, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 45 IS 2 BP 299 EP 301 DI 10.1021/jf9606722 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WJ269 UT WOS:A1997WJ26900001 ER PT J AU Wang, H Cao, GH Prior, RL AF Wang, H Cao, GH Prior, RL TI Oxygen radical absorbing capacity of anthocyanins SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE anthocyanins; flavonoids; colorants; ORAC; antioxidant; peroxyl radical ID DEGENERATIVE DISEASES; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; FRENCH PARADOX; VITAMIN-E; FLAVONOIDS; CONSUMPTION; VEGETABLES; INHIBITORS; SCAVENGER; STROKE AB Anthocyanins are natural colorants belonging to the flavonoid family. They are widely distributed among flowers, fruits, and vegetables. Using the automated oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay developed in our laboratory, we determined the antioxidant capacity of 14 anthocyanins including the aglycons delphinidin, cyanindin, pelargonidin, malvidin, peonidin, and their derivatives with different sugar linkages. Among these anthocyanins, kuromanin (cyanidin-S-glucoside) had the highest ORAC activity, which was 3.5 times stronger than Trolox (vitamin E analogue), while pelargonin had the lowest antioxidant activity but was still as potent as Trolox. Different patterns of hydroxylation and glycosylation in anthocyanins appear to modulate their antioxidant properties. Therefore, in addition to their colorful characteristics, anthocyanins possess potent antioxidant properties. C1 TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,ARS,BOSTON,MA 02111. UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT NUTR SCI,STORRS,CT 06269. NR 70 TC 793 Z9 850 U1 17 U2 116 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 45 IS 2 BP 304 EP 309 DI 10.1021/jf960421t PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WJ269 UT WOS:A1997WJ26900003 ER PT J AU Hagenmaier, RD Baker, RA AF Hagenmaier, RD Baker, RA TI Edible coatings from morpholine-free wax microemulsions SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE microemulsion; edible coating; edible; wax AB Edible wax coatings were made by the drying of wax microemulsions composed of water, fatty acid, ammonia, and various combinations of candelilla wax, beeswax, carnauba wax, polyethylene wax, and petroleum wax. All 19 coating formulations studied were effective moisture barriers, with the best being those containing candelilla wax, beeswax, and petroleum wax. Polyethylene and carnauba wax coatings had best gloss, but also were the most brittle. Emulsion clarity was improved by using some myristic or palmitic acid, rather than commercial grade oleic acid as the only source of fatty acid. Compared to wax coatings made with ammonia-based emulsions, those made with morpholine had higher permeability to oxygen and water vapor, possibly because the morpholine, being less volatile than ammonia, stayed longer in the coating. RP Hagenmaier, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS,CITRUS & SUBTROP PROD LAB,600 AVE S NW,POB 1909,WINTER HAVEN,FL 33883, USA. NR 10 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 45 IS 2 BP 349 EP 352 DI 10.1021/jf9604551 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WJ269 UT WOS:A1997WJ26900010 ER PT J AU Walter, WM Collins, WW Truong, VD Fine, TI AF Walter, WM Collins, WW Truong, VD Fine, TI TI Physical, compositional, and sensory properties of French fry-type products from five sweetpotato selections SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE texture profile analysis; flavor profile analysis; composition; sugars; alcohol-insoluble solids; fat content ID SWEET-POTATOES AB Strips from five sweetpotato (SP) cultivars (cv.) representing two different texture/flavor types were prepared and frozen. They were fried and their flavor and texture evaluated by sensory panels. Selected physical and compositional analyses were performed on raw and fried SP. An untrained preference panel tended to score the flavor of the sweeter types highest and the texture of the firm types higher than sweet types. A trained profile panel identified and scored flavor notes and texture categories. This research indicated that the intensity of the flavor notes sweetness and starch and the intensity of texture notes first-bite moistness and first-bite hardness were highly correlated with some of the compositional parameters. Correlation between compositional parameters and the flavor and texture note intensities listed above could be developed into a system to predict those sensory properties in newly developed selections without having to resort to sensory analyses. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT FOOD SCI,N CAROLINA AGR RES SERV,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Walter, WM (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 45 IS 2 BP 383 EP 388 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WJ269 UT WOS:A1997WJ26900016 ER PT J AU Medina, MB AF Medina, MB TI Hygromycin B antibody production and characterization by a surface plasmon resonance biosensor SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hygromycin; biosensor; anti-hygromycin; antibody production; surface plasmon resonance; BIAcore; ELISA; fluorescent latex assay ID AFFINITY; KINETICS AB Sensitive and accurate methods are needed for the detection of hygromycin B antibiotic in fluids and tissues of farm animals. Sheep antisera were produced from hygromycin B-keyhole limpet hemocyanin and were screened with immunodiffusion, ELISA, and fluorescent latex assays. The antisera were evaluated with the BIAcore, a surface plasmon resonance biosensor, for their binding properties without using signal-generating labels. Hygromycin B was immobilized on the sensor chip, and the capture (binding) of the antibody resulted in a proportional increase in mass. Evaluation of the association (k(a)) and dissociation rate (k(d)) contants showed that one antibody had an affinity constant (k(a)/k(d)) of 1.64E+10. The binding capacities and antisera specificity were determined using a competitive binding of the added drug and hygromycin sensor, detecting hygromycin B from 2.5 ng/mL to 5 mg/mL. Neomycin, gentamicin, spectinomycin, dihydrostreptomycin, and streptomycin (1000 times above safe levels) had negligible binding with the antisera. The BIAcore analysis was more rapid and accurate than the immunochemical assays and allow rapid development of methods of hygromycin B analysis in biological samples. RP Medina, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 45 IS 2 BP 389 EP 394 DI 10.1021/jf960014h PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WJ269 UT WOS:A1997WJ26900017 ER PT J AU Galletti, GC Reeves, JB Bocchini, P AF Galletti, GC Reeves, JB Bocchini, P TI Analytical pyrolysis as a tool to determine chemical changes in maize stovers during growth SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS LA English DT Article DE carbohydrates; gas chromatography; lignin; maize; mass spectrometry; protein; pyrolysis ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB Stovers of five maize hybrids harvested at various growth stages were subjected to pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PY/GC/MS) and conventional analyses for fiber and protein, i.e. Van Soest's neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and Kjeldahl crude protein (CP). The aim of the experiments was to find pyrolysis markers of the growth stage and to ascertain what degree of correlation exists between analytical pyrolysis and conventional analyses of fiber and crude protein. Correlation coefficients higher than 0.90 in absolute values were found for some pyrolysis fragments and NDF, CP and growth stage. Such fragments included lignin, carbohydrates and protein thermal decomposition products. In conclusion, PY/GC/MS can monitor chemical changes in the main components of maize stover during maturation with the advantage over the conventional assays NDF and CP of providing molecular information and of being faster and much simpler. C1 NATL RES COUNCIL,CTR STUDIO CONSERVAZ FORAGGI,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,NUTR CONSERVAT & METAB LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2370 J9 J ANAL APPL PYROL JI J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis PD FEB PY 1997 VL 39 IS 2 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1016/S0165-2370(96)00968-0 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA WJ723 UT WOS:A1997WJ72300002 ER PT J AU MillerIhli, NJ AF MillerIhli, NJ TI Slurry sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry: Results from the second phase of an international collaborative study SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE slurry; sedimentation; particle size; electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry; solid sampling; non-resonance wavelength; ultrasonic slurry sampling ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; VAPORIZATION; SOLIDS; DEVICE; GFAAS; LEAD AB The second phase of an international collaborative study designed to evaluate the current state-of-the-art for solid sampling was completed. Samples were sent to more than 20 laboratories who participated in the first phase, eight of which reported complete enough sets of data to be considered. Each collaborator was sent four powdered materials and one premade slurry for analysis. Different elements were determined in the various samples including Cu, Cr, and Pb. Average performance for all elements determined in all materials was excellent with the overall mean concentrations +/- uncertainties computed for all collaborators overlapping the reported reference ranges in all instances. Some of the laboratories demonstrated consistently good expertise whereas others utilized analysis conditions which led to poorer performance. Based on the mean reference concentration for the various analytes in the reference materials analyzed, the average performance for all laboratories was 100 +/- 7% and the range of recoveries was 78 - 107%. The importance of using secondary wavelengths and the importance of using sufficiently large amounts of solid to be representative of the bulk material is demonstrated. Possible problems affecting analytical accuracy are discussed, including the use of miniflows, inappropriate amounts of matrix modifier, high thermal pretreatment temperatures, low atomization temperatures, short atomization and/or read times, expulsion losses, inadequate background correction and sample sizes which were to small. The effect of sedimentation errors due to high density materials is discussed. Analytical results for a premade slurry were not found to be significantly different from results for slurries of the same material which were prepared by the collaborators. Data are presented which show that analyte extraction into the liquid phase of the slurry is not a prerequisite for accurate slurry analyses. RP MillerIhli, NJ (reprint author), USDA,BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,FOOD COMPOSIT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 26 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 12 IS 2 BP 205 EP 212 DI 10.1039/a606058g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA WK749 UT WOS:A1997WK74900017 ER PT J AU Pond, WG Su, DR Mersmann, HJ AF Pond, WG Su, DR Mersmann, HJ TI Divergent concentrations of plasma metabolites in swine selected for seven generations for high or low plasma total cholesterol SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 87th Annual Meeting of the ASAS CY JUL 25-28, 1995 CL ORLANDO, FL SP ASAS DE metabolites; pigs; cholesterol; aminotransferases; alkaline phosphatase; genetic markers ID LOW SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; PIGS; 7-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; RESPONSES; GAIN AB It was reported previously that selection for high (HG) or low (LG) plasma total cholesterol (TC) at 8 wk of age in a composite four-breed swine population resulted after four generations in divergent mean concentrations in the selected lines. The data revealed a significant positive correlation between body weight (BW) and TC concentration at 8 wk of age and differential responses in litter size, backfat depth, and carcass length at 6 mo of age. We report here the relationship between plasma TC concentration and other plasma traits related to growth and metabolism in the seventh generation of selection in these two lines of pigs. We measured plasma concentrations of TC, HDL cholesterol (HDLC), triglycerides (TG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin (ALE), urea nitrogen (urea N), and three transaminases (alanine aminotransferase, ALT; aspartate aminotransferase, AST; gamma glutamyltransferase, GGT) in seventh-generation male and female pigs at 8 wk of age. Birth weight (1.48 vs 1.38 kg), 8 wk BW (14.85 vs 12.00 kg), TC (116.8 vs 63.6 mg/dL), HDL-C (43.9 vs 25.5 mg/dL), TG (50.5 vs 33.0 mg/dL), and ALP (78.3 vs 44.9 units/L) were higher (P < .01) in HG than in LG pigs, whereas ALE (3.2 vs 3.4 g/dL), ALT (43.0 vs 45.9 units/L), and AST (53.0 vs 62.2 units/L) were lower in HG than in LG pigs (P < .05). At 8 wk, overall plasma TC concentration was correlated with BW (r = .34, P < .01) and with ALP (r = .23, P < .05) but was not related to ALT, AST, or GGT. Plasma TP, urea N, and GGT were unaffected by genetic line or sex. We conclude that the difference between HG and LG pigs in TC concentration in generation 4 at 8 wk of age has persisted but not broadened in pigs of generation 7, that changes in plasma ALP, ALT, and AST may have occurred in, response to selection for high or low plasma TC, and that ALP is correlated with plasma TC concentration. RP Pond, WG (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA,ARS,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 75 IS 2 BP 311 EP 316 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WL264 UT WOS:A1997WL26400004 PM 9051452 ER PT J AU Levis, DG Ford, JJ Christenson, RK AF Levis, DG Ford, JJ Christenson, RK TI An evaluation of three methods for assessing sexual behavior in boars SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pigs; boars; sexual behavior; indexes ID SIRE; SUCCESS; PIGS AB This study used three separate methods to evaluate sexual behavior in boars previously classified as having high (H), intermediate (INT), or low (L) levels of sexual behavior. Boars were initially evaluated for sexual behavior at 9.6 to 10.6 mo of age with a tethered female for 5 min. Boars were subsequently evaluated with a tethered female for 10 min (TF), a group of females for 10 min (FG), or continuously in a cohabitation environment for 113 h (C). When boars were evaluated with the TF procedure they mounted the female in less time (P < .01) and copulated sooner (P < .01) than when evaluated with the-PC procedure. Regardless of whether the TF or FG procedure was used, L boars cumulated less time (P < .01) nosing the sides of females and took longer (P < .01) to first mount than H or INT boars. Proportion of successful matings was not different between the TF and FG procedure; however, the proportion of successful matings by H (91.7%), INT (79.2%), and L (45.8%) boars did differ (P < .001). With the C procedure, sexual behavior classification affected (P < .01) average number of successful matings (H, 4.7; INT, 2.3; and L, .33). This study indicates that sexual behavior traits expressed by a boar are similar when evaluated with a tethered female, a group of females, or a cohabitation environment. C1 USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. UNIV NEBRASKA,S CENT RES & EXTENS CTR,CLAY CTR,NE 68933. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 75 IS 2 BP 348 EP 355 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WL264 UT WOS:A1997WL26400009 PM 9051457 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Paulson, GD AF Smith, DJ Paulson, GD TI Distribution, elimination, and residues of [C-14]clenbuterol HCl in Holstein calves SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE clenbuterol; cattle; residue; beta-adrenergic agonist; excretion ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RACTOPAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; BETA-AGONIST; CLENBUTEROL RESIDUES; METABOLITE PATTERN; TISSUES; CATTLE; LIVER; PHARMACOKINETICS; DISPOSITION AB Clenbuterol HCl is a beta-adrenergic agonist that has been used illegally in Europe and the United States by some livestock producers to increase carcass leanness. The objectives of this study were to determine the metabolic disposition, distribution of radioactivity, and the concentrations of parent clenbuterol in tissues after a single oral dose of [C-14] clenbuterol HCl in calves. [C-14]Clenbuterol HCl (1.59 mu Ci/mg, 3 mg/kg BW) was administered to 74- and a 96-kg Holstein bull calf as a single oral dose. Blood samples were taken at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after dosing; urine and feces were collected separately and placed into respective pools from 0 to 6, 6 to 12, 12 to 24, 24 to 36, and 36 to 48 h after dosing. At 48 h after dosing, calves were anesthetized and exsanguinated, and visceral organs, bile, eyes, brain, skeletal muscle, skin, adipose tissue, and the remainder of the carcass were collected. Tissues were processed by coarse grinding through a Hobart grinder, followed by homogenization on dry ice. Eyes were dissected and the various tissues and excreta were assayed for total radiocarbon content by combustion analysis and(or) liquid scintillation counting. Parent clenbuterol was measured in selected tissues by HPLC after solvent extraction. Urinary, fecal, and carcass radioactivity averaged 41.5 +/- 8.1, 2.4 +/- .4, and 52.3 +/- 8.7% of the dose, respectively (mean +/- SD.). Average total recovery of radiocarbon was 96.2 +/- .4%. Radioactive residues present in carcasses averaged (ppm; mean +/- SD.): blood, .6 +/- .2; heart, 1.4 +/- .0; lungs, 8.4 +/- 1.7; spleen, 2.6 +/- .3; liver, 5.0 +/- .4; kidney, 5.9 +/- .0; brain, 1.9 +/- .4; adipose tissue, 1.1 +/- .2; rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, 2.3 +/- .4; small intestine, 3.2 +/- .3; large intestine, 4.0 +/- .4; skeletal muscle, 1.0 +/- .2; bile, 12.5 +/- 4.0; white skin, .7 +/- .1; black skin, 4.0 +/- .7; remainder of the carcass, 1.0 +/- .2. Ocular residues were as follows: aqueous humor, 6.3 +/- 1.2; cornea, 13.5 +/- 8.6; iris, 255.8 +/- 167.0; lens, 2.3 +/- 1.5; vitreous humor, 2.2 +/- .4; retina/choroid, 84.5 +/- 34.1; sclera, 11.1 +/- 2.1. Mean concentrations of parent clenbuterol in tissues were (ppm; mean +/- SD): lung, 6.8 +/- .9; liver, 2.2 +/- .5; kidney, 3.7 +/- .5; and heart, .9 +/- .1. Parent clenbuterol represented from 43.9% of the total residue in liver to 81.2% of the total residue in lung. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674 UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 32 TC 23 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 75 IS 2 BP 454 EP 461 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WL264 UT WOS:A1997WL26400021 PM 9051469 ER PT J AU Paape, MJ Capuco, AV AF Paape, MJ Capuco, AV TI Cellular defense mechanisms in the udder and lactation of goats SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE goats; mastitis; milk somatic cells; lactation; somatotropin; milking interval ID BOVINE MAMMARY-GLAND; EXOGENOUS GROWTH-HORMONE; THRICE-DAILY MILKING; DRY PERIOD LENGTH; SOMATIC-CELLS; INTRAMAMMARY INFECTION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; HUMAN MONOCYTES; FC-RECEPTORS; DAIRY GOATS AB Migration of neutrophils into mammary tissue provides the first immunological line of defense against bacteria that penetrate the physical barrier of the teat canal. Evasion of neutrophil defenses provides an opportunity for invading bacteria to become established. Depletion of neutrophils results in a dramatic increase in susceptibility to intramammary infection. Numerous cytoplasmic particles are shed from the apical surface of mammary secretory cells during milk secretion in goats. Only those counting methods that are specific for deoxyribonucleic acid can distinguish cell-like particles from somatic cells and thereby give reliable estimates of somatic cell numbers in goat milk. Unlike in milk from dairy cows, the somatic cell count in goat milk is influenced by the presence of nucleated cytoplasmic particles, stage of lactation, parity, and caprine arthritis-encephalitis. Investigations indicate that a dry period is necessary for optimal milk production in dairy cows but may not be necessary in goats. However, in many other respects regulation of bovine and caprine lactation seems to be quite similar. Studies have demonstrated additive galactopoietic effects of growth hormone and frequent milking in both species and a recently isolated chemical feedback inhibitor of lactation seems effective across both species. Increasing lactational performance has the potential for decreasing milk somatic cell counts in late lactation. C1 USDA ARS,GENE EVALUAT & MAPPING LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Paape, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR E,IMMUNOL & DIS RESISTANCE LAB,BLDG 173,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 80 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 75 IS 2 BP 556 EP 565 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WL264 UT WOS:A1997WL26400032 PM 9051480 ER PT J AU James, NA Berry, BW AF James, NA Berry, BW TI Use of chevon in the development of low-fat meat products SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE low fat products; goat meat; goats; cooking; nutrient content; sensory evaluation ID MICROWAVE; COOKING; BEEF AB Chevon (goat meat) is a low-fat red meat and thus may be an excellent source of lean in the preparation of low-fat meat products. This paper examines some of the textural, nutrient, and sensory properties of chevon products prepared from whole or comminuted muscle. Chops (2.54 cm thick) from the leg were either broiled at 232 degrees C or microwaved at a power level of 900 W. Results indicated that broiled chevon chops were not significantly different (P > .05) from microwaved chops in dimensional change, cooking yield, and instrumental force need to shear but were darker in color and had a significantly lower fat content than microwaved chops. Chevon patties were prepared from shoulder cuts by either grinding or chopping and cooked by pan-frying, broiling, or baking. Shear values were significantly affected by the method of comminution; grinding yielded patties with lower shear values. Pan-frying produced the highest cooking yields and shear values but the lowest fat content and instrumental Lightness color values compared to the other cooking methods. Ground meat patties with an initial fat content between 4.6 and 13.8% were made with chevon and beef. The pan-fried patties made with 60% or more chevon gave higher (P < .05) cooking yields. However, a higher chevon content also resulted in significantly darker patties with higher shear values. Both consumer and trained sensory panels found similar sensory properties in patties having less than 60% chevon and more than 40% beef. C1 USDA ARS,MEAT SCI RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP James, NA (reprint author), FLORIDA A&M UNIV,FOOD SCI PROGRAM,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32307, USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 75 IS 2 BP 571 EP 577 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WL264 UT WOS:A1997WL26400034 PM 9051482 ER PT J AU Siconolfi, SF Gretebeck, RJ Wong, WW Pietrzyk, RA Suire, SS AF Siconolfi, SF Gretebeck, RJ Wong, WW Pietrzyk, RA Suire, SS TI Assessing total body and extracellular water from bioelectrical response spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioimpedance; frequency; body fluids ID IMPEDANCE; PLASMA; VOLUME; DEUTERIUM; POSTURE; BROMIDE; SALIVA; URINE AB We developed and validated assessments for total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) by using two resistance values of a new electric circuit model (CM) (two resistors: a capacitor and an inductor) with or without body mass. Fluid shifts occurring after 40 min of supine rest did not decrease the validity of either estimate. CM estimates were valid; r = 0.941 to 0.969, low SE of estimates of 1.15-2.28 kg, nonsignificant mean differences (CM - dilution; %Delta = -0.4 to 1.3%) that were close to the expected measurement errors fur TBW (+/-1%) and ECW (+/-5%), and Bland-Altman pairwise comparisons that: showed equivalence between methods. The CM estimates of TBW and ECW had marginally better validity than the previously published bioimpedance models. The advantage of the CM model is its assessments of multiple fluid spaces and that it does not require gender-specific equations. We conclude that CM estimate of TBW is acceptable, whereas further validation is needed before the ECW estimate should be used in a clinical or research setting. C1 UNIV SPACE RES ASSOC,HOUSTON,TX 77058. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,AGR RES SERV,HOUSTON,TX 77030. USDA,STABLE ISOTOPE PROGRAM,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,BIOMED OPERAT & RES BRANCH,KRUG LIFE SCI,BIOCHEM RES LAB,HOUSTON,TX 77058. RP Siconolfi, SF (reprint author), NASA,LYNDON B JOHNSON SPACE CTR,SPACE BIOMED RES INST,EXERCISE PHYSIOL LAB,HOUSTON,TX 77058, USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 8750-7587 J9 J APPL PHYSIOL JI J. Appl. Physiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 82 IS 2 BP 704 EP 710 PG 7 WC Physiology; Sport Sciences SC Physiology; Sport Sciences GA WJ790 UT WOS:A1997WJ79000045 PM 9049756 ER PT J AU Athar, M Johnson, DA AF Athar, M Johnson, DA TI Effect of drought on the growth and survival of Rhizobium meliloti strains from Pakistan and Nepal SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE survival; alfalfa rhizobia; drought tolerance; soil water potential ID DIFFERENT RELATIVE HUMIDITIES; DESICCATION TOLERANCE; COWPEA RHIZOBIA; WATER; SOIL; JAPONICUM; NODULATION; MOISTURE; STORAGE; TEMPERATURE AB Growth and survival of 10 strains of Rhizobium meliloti Dang. from Pakistan and Nepal were evaluated for their survival under drought in vials filled with sterile soil maintained at -0.03, -1.0 and -1.5 MPa. Rhizobia in the soil-filled vials were enumerated at 0, 4, 8, 14, 21 and 28 days after inoculation. The highest numbers of rhizobia per g of soil were observed at -0.03 MPa followed by soil maintained at -1.0 and -1.5 MPa. Strains UL 136 and UL 222 survived the best under drought and should be considered for commercial inoculant production in Pakistan. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FORAGE & RANGE RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84322. UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGELAND RESOURCES,LOGAN,UT 84322. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON, ENGLAND NW1 7DX SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 35 IS 2 BP 335 EP 340 DI 10.1006/jare.1996.0163 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WH011 UT WOS:A1997WH01100011 ER PT J AU Kozempel, M McAloon, A Roth, L AF Kozempel, M McAloon, A Roth, L TI Simulated scale-up and cost estimate of a process for alkaline isomerization of lactose to lactulose using boric acid as complexation agent SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lactulose; simulation; scale-up; cost AB A continuous pilot plant process for converting lactose to lactulose, using boric acid as a complexation agent was previously developed. To appraise the commercial feasibility of the process, a scale-up to a commercial plant using the ERRC Food Process Simulator, a process simulator developed at the Eastern Regional Research Center was projected and a cost estimate made. The cost to produce a 55% lactulose syrup at a rate of 93 kilograms per hour (563 359 kg year(-1)) was $5.20 per kilogram ($2.36 per pound). These costs, which do not include packaging or distribution expenses, do include a 25% return on the plant investment. RP Kozempel, M (reprint author), AGR RES SERV,USDA,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0268-2575 J9 J CHEM TECHNOL BIOT JI J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 68 IS 2 BP 229 EP 235 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Engineering GA WH717 UT WOS:A1997WH71700016 ER PT J AU Butte, NF Hopkinson, JM Nicolson, MA AF Butte, NF Hopkinson, JM Nicolson, MA TI Leptin in human reproduction: Serum leptin levels in pregnant and lactating women SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID OB GENE; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; OBESE; EXPRESSION; PROLACTIN; RNA; RAT AB Experiments in ob/ob female mice demonstrated that leptin injections not only reduced weight and fat mass, but also restored fertility and partial lactation. To explore factors regulating ob gene expression in reproductive women, we measured serum leptin, body fat, energy expenditure, and milk production in 65 women at 36 weeks of gestation, and at 3 and 6 months postpartum. Serum leptin was measured by solid-phase sandwich enzyme immunoassay, and serum insulin and PRL by solid-phase I-125 RIA. Total body water by deuterium dilution, body volume by hydrodensitometry, and bone density by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were used to estimate body fat. Serum leptin per unit fat mass was significantly higher at 36 weeks of pregnancy than at 3 and 6 months postpartum (1.25 vs. 0.75, 0.73 ng . mL(-1). kg(-1)). Postpartum normalization of leptin was associated with changes not only in weight and fat mass, but also serum insulin. Leptin was not different between lactating and nonlactating women. Leptin may have affected milk production indirectly through its negative effect on serum PRL. Adjusted for fat-free mass and fat mass, rates of energy expenditure were not significantly correlated with leptin. Our results provide evidence that factors other than fat mass alone modulate serum leptin in reproductive women. C1 AMGEN INC, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED, CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR, DEPT PEDIAT, USDA ARS, 1100 BATES ST, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. NR 24 TC 238 Z9 243 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X EI 1945-7197 J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 82 IS 2 BP 585 EP 589 DI 10.1210/jc.82.2.585 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA WG065 UT WOS:A1997WG06500052 PM 9024259 ER PT J AU Sidhu, H Allison, M Peck, AB AF Sidhu, H Allison, M Peck, AB TI Identification and classification of Oxalobacter formigenes strains by using oligonucleotide probes and primers SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OXALATE DEGRADATION; HUMANS; HYPEROXALURIA; BACTERIA; DNA AB Genomic DNAs of various strains of Oxalobacter formigenes were subjected to restriction endonuclease fragment length polymorphism- and PCR-based amplification analyses with DNA probes and primers complementary to sequences within either the ore gene, encoding oxalyl coenzyme A (oxalyl-CoA) decarboxylase, or the frc gene, encoding formyl-CoA transferase, Oligonucleotide probes based on nonconserved sequences of orc or frc were able to divide O. formigenes strains into at least two groups, consistent with the current separation of O. formigenes strains into groups I and II on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence similarities and lipid content. In contrast, an oligonucleotide probe based on the conserved 5' end of oxc appeared to bind all group I and the majority of group II strains, PCR amplification of the oxc gene showed even greater sensitivity in detecting O. formigenes and provided support for further division of the strains into subgroups, In addition, these oligonucleotides failed to hybridize to or amplify PCR products from whole fecal DNA isolated from fresh stool samples from an individual not colonized with O. formigenes, indicating unique specificity. Thus, these DNA analyses permit both detection as well as classification of O. formigenes strains. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA. RP Sidhu, H (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,COLL MED,DEPT LAB MED & PATHOL,DIV EXPT PATHOL,JHMHC POB 100275,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P01DK-20586] NR 23 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 35 IS 2 BP 350 EP 353 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WD082 UT WOS:A1997WD08200003 PM 9003594 ER PT J AU McLaren, AJ Trott, DJ Swayne, DE Oxberry, SL Hampson, DJ AF McLaren, AJ Trott, DJ Swayne, DE Oxberry, SL Hampson, DJ TI Genetic and phenotypic characterization of intestinal spirochetes colonizing chickens and allocation of known pathogenic isolates to three distinct genetic groups SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; TREPONEMA-HYODYSENTERIAE; EGG-PRODUCTION; IDENTIFICATION; ASSOCIATION; INFECTION; INNOCENS; HENS AB Infection with intestinal spirochetes has recently been recognized as a cause of lost production in the poultry industry, Little is known about these organisms, so a collection of 56 isolates originating from chickens in commercial flocks in Australia, the United States, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom was examined, Strength of beta-hemolysis on blood agar, indole production, API ZYM enzyme profiles, and cellular morphology were determined, and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis was used to analyze the extent of genetic diversity among the isolates, The results were compared with those previously obtained for well-characterized porcine intestinal spirochetes, The chicken isolates were genetically heterogeneous, They were divided into 40 electrophoretic types distributed among six diverse genetic groups (groups b to g), with a mean genetic diversity of 0.587. Strains in two groups (groups d and e) may represent new species of Serpulina, and the groups contained only strains isolated from chickens, Three genetic groups contained isolates previously shown to be pathogenic for chickens, These corresponded to the proposed species ''Serpulina intermedius,'' to an unnamed group (group e), and to Serpulina pilosicoli, Two of the chicken isolates (one ''S. intermedius'' and one S. pilosicoli isolate) were strongly beta-hemolytic, two (both ''S. intermedius'') had an intermediate level of beta-hemolysis, and the rest were weakly beta-hemolytic. Fourteen isolates of ''S. intermedius'' produced indole, as did one isolate from group d, Isolates identified as S. pilosicoli resembled porcine isolates of this species, having four to six periplasmic flagella inserted subterminally in a single row at each end of the cell, and had tapered cell ends, All other spirochetes were morphologically similar, having seven or more periplasmic flagella and blunt cell ends, The identification of three genetic groups containing pathogenic isolates provides an opportunity for more detailed epidemiologic studies with these pathogens and for the development of improved diagnostic tests. C1 MURDOCH UNIV,SCH VET STUDIES,MURDOCH,WA 6150,AUSTRALIA. USDA ARS,SE POULTRY RES LAB,ATHENS,GA 30605. RI Hampson, David/A-9464-2008 OI Hampson, David/0000-0002-7729-0427 NR 32 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 35 IS 2 BP 412 EP 417 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WD082 UT WOS:A1997WD08200016 PM 9003607 ER PT J AU Holman, PJ Hietala, SK Kayashima, LR Olson, D Waghela, SD Wagner, GG AF Holman, PJ Hietala, SK Kayashima, LR Olson, D Waghela, SD Wagner, GG TI Case report: Field-acquired subclinical Babesia equi infection confirmed by in vitro culture SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEINS; HORSES AB A horse,vith no prior clinical history of equine piroplasmosis tested negative for Babesia caballi and Babesia equi in the complement fixation test before importation into the United States from France. After 5 years in residence in the United States, the animal tested serologically positive for B. equi by the complement fixation test, the immunofluorescent antibody test, and Western blot analysis. The carrier status of the horse was confirmed by culture of B. equi parasites. In vitro culture offers an efficient and comparatively inexpensive method to determine the carrier status of horses suspected of harboring B. equi. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,CALIF VET DIAGNOST LAB SYST,DAVIS,CA 95616. VALLEY ANIM HOSP,GILROY,CA. USDA,DIAGNOST BACTERIOL LAB,NATL VET SERV LABS,ANIM & PLANT INSPECT SERV,AMES,IA. RP Holman, PJ (reprint author), TEXAS A&M UNIV,TEXAS AGR EXPT STN,DEPT VET PATHOBIOL,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843, USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 35 IS 2 BP 474 EP 476 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WD082 UT WOS:A1997WD08200028 PM 9003619 ER PT J AU Trott, DJ Jensen, NS SaintGirons, I Oxberry, SL Stanton, TB Lindquist, D Hampson, DJ AF Trott, DJ Jensen, NS SaintGirons, I Oxberry, SL Stanton, TB Lindquist, D Hampson, DJ TI Identification and characterization of Serpulina pilosicoli isolates recovered from the blood of critically ill patients SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTESTINAL SPIROCHETOSIS; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; TREPONEMA AB The phenotypic and genetic characteristics of spirochetes isolated from the blood of one U.S. and six French patients with severe clinical disease or impaired immunity were examined. All spirochetes were anaerobic, weakly beta-hemolytic, positive for hippurate hydrolysis, and negative for beta-glucosidase activity. Cell lengths ranged from 4 to 8 mu m, and each isolate had between 8 and 12 periplasmic flagella per cell. These features were consistent with the spirochetes' being Serpulina pilosicoli, the agent of intestinal spirochetosis. All isolates were positive in a PCR assay amplifying a portion of the S. pilosicoli 16S rRNA gene, and they all grouped with fecal isolates of S. pilosicoli in multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE). The blood isolates could be differentiated from each other by MLEE, although the U.S. and two French isolates were closely related. Apparently S. pilosicoli may translocate from the large intestine to establish spirochetemia. The clinical significance of this finding remains uncertain and requires further investigation. C1 MURDOCH UNIV,SCH VET STUDIES,MURDOCH,WA 6150,AUSTRALIA. USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,ENTER DIS & FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. INST PASTEUR,UNITE BACTERIOL MOL & MED,F-75724 PARIS 15,FRANCE. CALIF DEPT HLTH SERV,MICROBIAL DIS LAB,DIV COMMUNICABLE DIS CONTROL,BERKELEY,CA 94704. RI Hampson, David/A-9464-2008 OI Hampson, David/0000-0002-7729-0427 NR 25 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 35 IS 2 BP 482 EP 485 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WD082 UT WOS:A1997WD08200031 PM 9003622 ER PT J AU Losinger, WC Heinrichs, AJ AF Losinger, WC Heinrichs, AJ TI Management practices associated with high mortality among preweaned dairy heifers SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HOLSTEIN HERDS; ANIMAL HEALTH; RISK-FACTORS; CALVES; MORBIDITY AB In a national survey of US dairy operations, 1685 dairy operations reported 47057 new dairy heifers (either births or acquisitions) and 4427 deaths (94%) of preweaned dairy heifer calves over a 3 month period. Stepwise logistic regression was used to identify management practices associated with high mortality among preweaned heifers in dairy operations where at least three dairy heifer calves were born alive or moved on to the operation. Analysis was done twice: once by separating all operations by size into high or low mortality; again using only operations with < 2 and > 10% mortality to eliminate dairy operations with intermediate levels of mortality from the comparisons. Results were similar. Dairy operations in the West were more likely to fall in the high mortality category than dairy operations in the rest of the country. In addition, the following dairy operation characteristics mere associated with high death levels in both models: rolling herd average milk production < 7710 kg, preweaned heifers placed in groups of seven or more, a male having primary responsibility for the care and feeding of preweaned heifers, calves not receiving hay or other roughages until > 20 d old, calves fed on mastitic or antibiotic milk after colostrum and calves not given whole milk after colostrum. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT DAIRY & ANIM SCI,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. RP Losinger, WC (reprint author), ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,CTR EPIDEMIOL & ANIM HLTH,USDA,VET SERV,FT COLLINS,CO 80521, USA. NR 32 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 13 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0022-0299 J9 J DAIRY RES JI J. Dairy Res. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 64 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1017/S0022029996001999 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA WH646 UT WOS:A1997WH64600001 PM 9120071 ER PT J AU Dietz, AB Detilleux, JC Freeman, AE Kelley, DH Stabel, JR Kehrli, ME AF Dietz, AB Detilleux, JC Freeman, AE Kelley, DH Stabel, JR Kehrli, ME TI Genetic association of bovine lymphocyte antigen DRB3 alleles with immunological traits of Holstein cattle SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetics; major histocompatibility complex; bovine lymphocyte antigen ID COMPLEMENT; BLOOD; CONGLUTININ; SERUM; DNA AB The associations between alleles at the BoLA (bovine lymphocyte antigen) DRB3 locus and 20 indicator traits of innate and adaptive immunity were investigated. Periparturient Holsteins (n = 127) were genotyped at the BoLA DRB3 locus using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Twenty-two alleles were observed in the study population, and frequencies ranged from 21 to <1%. The same cattle were tested for a total of 20 innate and adaptive immunity traits, including lymphocyte response to mitogens (proliferative responses and Ig secretion), serum Ig, complement and conglutinin concentrations, total leukocyte count, and selected assays for neutrophil function. Models with gene substitution effects were used to investigate associations between BoLA DRB3 alleles and each of the immunological variables. Significant associations were found with 13 of the leukocyte functions tested. The number of immune parameters with significant associations with any allele ranged from 0 (with alleles DRB3.2*23 and DRB3.2*27) to 7 (with DRB3.2*8). The immunological parameter that had the most associations with alleles was serum IgG(2) concentration with 6 alleles. One group of 4 alleles (representing 46% of the total allele frequency) was uniformly associated with increased IgM and complement and decreased mononuclear cell numbers. Thus, we demonstrated that the BoLA DRB3 genotype can influence measures of innate and adaptive immunity. C1 USDA ARS,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011. USDA ARS,LEPTOSPIROSIS & MYCOBACTERIOSIS RES UNIT,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. RI Dietz, Allan/H-7414-2015 OI Dietz, Allan/0000-0003-3410-9621 NR 22 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 80 IS 2 BP 400 EP 405 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA WK072 UT WOS:A1997WK07200019 PM 9058283 ER PT J AU Dietz, AB Cohen, ND Timms, L Kehrli, ME AF Dietz, AB Cohen, ND Timms, L Kehrli, ME TI Bovine lymphocyte antigen class II alleles as risk factors for high somatic cell counts in milk of lactating dairy cows SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mastitis; immunity; major histocompatibility complex; epidemiology ID HEALTH-MONITORING-SYSTEM; MAMMARY-GLAND; HOLSTEIN CATTLE; PERSISTENT LYMPHOCYTOSIS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; CLINICAL MASTITIS; UNITED-STATES; ASSOCIATION; TRAITS; HERDS AB Lactating Holstein cows (n = 1100) from 93 dairy herds in Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Illinois were genotyped at the bovine lymphocyte antigen DRB3.2 locus by a genotyping system that used polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Milk samples were obtained after routine processing at a Dairy Herd Improvement Association facility and returned to the National Animal Disease Center for DNA extraction. Somatic cells were used to classify cows that had acutely elevated SCC (one test of SCC >500,000; group 1), or chronically elevated SCC (three consecutive tests of SCC >300,000 or two consecutive tests of >500,000; group 2), or that were eligible as controls. For each cow in groups 1 and 2, controls were selected that were matched for breed, lactation, herd, and days in lactation (+/-60 d). A conditional model for stepwise logistic regression was used to determine the relative odds for the 10 alleles with a frequency >3%. No significant associations were observed when the 292 cows in group 2 were compared with their 292 controls. Allele *16 was associated with an increased risk of disease for cows classified with an acute SCC (258 cases and 258 controls). This study has identified DRB3.2*16 as a potential risk factor for acute intramammary infection and established the use of Dairy Herd Improvement Association milk samples as a source of DNA that is useful for genetic epidemiologic studies. C1 USDA ARS,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,AMES,IA 50010. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT LARGE ANIM MED & SURG,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT ANIM SCI,AMES,IA 50011. RI Dietz, Allan/H-7414-2015; OI Dietz, Allan/0000-0003-3410-9621; Cohen, Noah/0000-0002-0384-2903 NR 37 TC 79 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 309 W CLARK ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 80 IS 2 BP 406 EP 412 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA WK072 UT WOS:A1997WK07200020 PM 9058284 ER PT J AU Martinez, AJ Robacker, DC Garcia, JA AF Martinez, AJ Robacker, DC Garcia, JA TI Toxicity of an isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies darmstadiensis to adults of the Mexican fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the laboratory SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha ludens; Bacillus thuringiensis; microbial control; biological control; fruit flies; integrated pest management ID VAR KURSTAKI; IMPACT; TOXIN AB Centrifugation pellets obtained from an isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis sub-species darmstadiensis ( Guat l) cultured from a Guatemalan soil sample were found to be toxic to Anastrepha ludens (Loew) adults in the laboratory. We developed a bioassay diet that consisted of a mixture of the bacterium, a protein source, and sugar. A pH of 4.1 of the mixture was needed to obtain maximum adult mortality. One meal of the diet, which lasted from 30 s to 4 min, was enough to cause >70% mortality of both fed or starved adults. Mortality of fed adults was 70-75% following a feeding period of 60 min and mortality of starved adults was 80-90% following a feeding period of 30 min. The isolate was toxic to adults from 1 to 21 d old. RP Martinez, AJ (reprint author), ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,MISSION BIOL CONTROL CTR,USDA,BOX 2140,MISSION,TX 78573, USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 90 IS 1 BP 130 EP 134 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WH859 UT WOS:A1997WH85900020 PM 9071889 ER PT J AU Porter, SD Williams, DF Patterson, RS AF Porter, SD Williams, DF Patterson, RS TI Rearing the decapitating fly Pseudacteon tricuspis (Diptera: Phoridae) in imported fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the United States SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; Solenopsis richteri; biological control; Argentina; parasite AB The South American phorid fly Pseudacteon tricuspis Borgmeier was imported into quarantine facilities in Gainesville, FL, to study its life history and determine if it could be reared on imported fire ant workers from North America. The found that this fly developed successfully on Solenopsis invicta Buren workers from Florida and hybrid Solenopsis richteri Forel x S. invicta fire ants from Mississippi. It also was reared on S. richteri and S. invicta fire ants from Argentina. This fly, like its congener Pseudacteon litoralis Borgmeier, had the peculiar habit of decapitating its living host and using the ant's empty head capsule as its pupal case. We were able to rear this By through 1 complete generation in the laboratory, indicating that mass rearing for inoculative releases in the United States may be possible. RP Porter, SD (reprint author), ARS,CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL,USDA,POB 14565,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 18 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 90 IS 1 BP 135 EP 138 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WH859 UT WOS:A1997WH85900021 ER PT J AU Kamalay, JC Barger, JH Pierson, PE AF Kamalay, JC Barger, JH Pierson, PE TI Survival and development of gypsy moths (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) on corn and soybean foliage SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; alternate host; insect resistance; soybean ID DISPAR L LEPIDOPTERA; NORTH-AMERICA; HOST; SUSCEPTIBILITY; SUITABILITY; RESISTANT; QUALITY; LARVAE AB The availability of suitable hosts is a major factor influencing insect migration. We examined gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., feeding and development on corn, Zea mays L., and soybeans, Glycine max Merr., plants widely available in midwestern states, to determine their potential to influence patterns of gypsy moth migration and establishment outside of the northeastern forests. Although corn did not seem to be a suitable host for gypsy moth larvae, soybean leaves were acceptable, and approximate to 50% of the larvae reared on soybean leaves developed to the adult stage. The extent of foliar feeding and the level of larval developmental performance differed significantly among 4 soybean cultivars evaluated, indicating a wide range of suitability to gypsy moth herbivory. Previously demonstrated resistance to Mexican bean beetle, Epilacdna varivestis Mulsant, in soybean lines correlated well with resistance to gypsy moth herbivory. Gypsy moth survival and development to fertile adults on soybean leaves is a new Finding that is not likely to have immediate economic impact but could have dispersal significance if soybeans prove to be a suitable alternate host. RP Kamalay, JC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 90 IS 1 BP 147 EP 153 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WH859 UT WOS:A1997WH85900023 ER PT J AU Barker, JF AF Barker, JF TI Oviposition by the banded sunflower moth (Lepidoptera: Cochylidae) in response to constituents of the bracts and leaves of Helianthus annuus SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host plant; oviposition cues; extracts ID CABBAGE AB Sunflower bracts that develop around the outer edge of the disk of a sunflower head have been reported to be the primary oviposition site for the banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham, Experiments were conducted with the natural bract substrate, sunflower leaves, an artificial substrate, and sunflower extracts to look for the presence of chemical components or physical properties of bract and leaf parts that stimulated oviposition by the banded sunflower moth. In choice experiments with intact sunflower bracts or leaves, C. hospes oviposited on either sunflower part with about equal frequency. The moths oviposited on an artificial substrate of floral foam but they preferred the natural substrate over the artificial substrate in a ratio of 8.8:1. The moisture content of the artificial substrate significantly influenced oviposition. Extracts of sunflower bracts or leaves prepared with water or hexane significantly stimulated oviposition over that on the control. Bract extracts prepared with ether did not show significant activity Results of this study indicated that the leaves and bracts of sunflower contain a combination of contact chemicals, volatiles, and moisture that enhanced, in varying degrees, oviposition by the banded sunflower moth. RP Barker, JF (reprint author), ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,USDA,POBB 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 90 IS 1 BP 160 EP 164 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WH859 UT WOS:A1997WH85900025 ER PT J AU Vargas, RI Prokopy, RJ Duan, JJ Albrecht, C Li, QX AF Vargas, RI Prokopy, RJ Duan, JJ Albrecht, C Li, QX TI Captures of wild Mediterranean and oriental fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Jackson and McPhail traps baited with coffee juice SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; Bactrocera dorsalis; coffee; females; trap captures ID FLY DIPTERA; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; HOST FRUIT; HAWAII; ISLAND AB We examined captures of wild Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), and oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), in Jackson and McPhail traps baited with juice from ripe coffee fruits. Both males and females of each species were captured. Jackson traps baited with coffee juice caught significantly more C, capitata females than did traps baited with water or trimedlure. Fewer B. dorsalis males and females were captured in traps baited with coffee juice compared with other traps. McPhail traps baited with coffee juice caught more C. capitata female and male flies than those baited with water, and they were equal to those baited with Nu-Lure or a water + sugar mixture. McPhail traps baited with coffee juice caught more B. dorsalis female and male flies than those baited with water or Nu-Lure, and they were equal to those baited with a water + sugar mixture. Findings are discussed with respect to the physiological condition of responding C. capitata females and development of a female attractant. RP Vargas, RI (reprint author), ARS,TROP FRUIT & VEGETABLE RES LAB,USDA,2727 WOODLAWN DR,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 90 IS 1 BP 165 EP 169 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WH859 UT WOS:A1997WH85900026 ER PT J AU Kard, BM Mallette, EJ AF Kard, BM Mallette, EJ TI Resistance of six wood products used in paneling to Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reticulitermes flavipes; antitermitic; termite; wood paneling AB Six wood products used in wall paneling were tested for resistance to feeding damage by the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar). Alaska-cedar, Chamaecyparis nootkntensis (D. Don) Spach, fiber without wax and resin treatments normally used in paneling production was not a preferred food source in choice tests where all 6 wood. products plus pine, Pinus palustris Mill., were simultaneously provided. However, the same nontreated Alaska-cedar fiber sustained severe damage when provided as the only food source in no-choice tests. Nontreated fiber of western hemlock, Tsuga heteropizylla (Raf.) Sarg., and hardboard and hardboard paneling made from a mixture of western hemlock and Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France, sustained significant feeding damage in both choice and no-choice feeding tests. Pressed paneling mats made from Alaska-cedar or western hemlock exhibited antifeedant properties. Waxes, resins, and additives used in manufacturing these mats imparted resistance to R. flavipes. RP Kard, BM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,SO RES STN,USDA,POB 928,STARKVILLE,MS 39759, USA. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 90 IS 1 BP 178 EP 182 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WH859 UT WOS:A1997WH85900028 ER PT J AU Strong, CA Koehler, PG Patterson, RS AF Strong, CA Koehler, PG Patterson, RS TI Insecticide resistance decline and selection in laboratory-reared German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Blattella germanica; insecticide resistance; selection ID PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; DIAMONDBACK MOTH; LEPIDOPTERA AB The level of cypermethrin resistance was monitored to determine the history of a laboratory-reared, pyrethroid resistant strain of German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). The LC(50) (mu g [Al] per insect) of cypermethrin decreased from 2.29 mu g (AI) per insect to 0.68 mu g (Al) per insect within 23 mo in laboratory culture when no selection pressure was applied. Subsequently, newly hatched nymphs (<24 h old) collected from the last unselected generation (parent generation) were selected with residual cypermethrin in a glass jar for 6 generations. Mortality (24 h) of newly hatched nymphs exposed to residual deposits of 2 mu g (AI)/cm(2) decreased from 61% of the parent generation to 38% of the selected F-6 generation. The LC(50) of the selected Fs generation adults was elevated 3-fold compared with the parent generation. Whereas our selection of Ist instars was unique, resultant increase in resistance was similar to previous selection processes. RP Strong, CA (reprint author), ARS,CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL,USDA,1600 SW 23RD DR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32604, USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 90 IS 1 BP 183 EP 187 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WH859 UT WOS:A1997WH85900029 ER PT J AU Morrison, JE Williams, DF Oi, DH Potter, KN AF Morrison, JE Williams, DF Oi, DH Potter, KN TI Damage to dry crop seed by red imported fire ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; insecticide; seed treatments; seed germination AB Red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, have been documented as damaging to planted field crop seed. The seeds are damaged before completion of germination. Five types of field crop seeds [wheat, Triticum aestivum L.; corn, Zea mays L.; grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.; and soybean, Glycine max L.] were exposed to red imported fire ants under laboratory conditions to measure damage caused by feeding. The seeds were at an air-dry moisture condition, as typically sown farmers. Corn, sorghum, and cotton seeds were tested with and without commercial insecticide treatments used on bagged retail-market seeds. Wheat was tested only as untreated seeds and soybean were tested as both inoculated and noninoculated seeds. Our results show that red imported fire ants feed on dry wheat, corn, and sorghum seeds and to a lesser degree on cotton and soybean seeds. Seed treated with an insecticide sustained less damage; however, if dry Soil conditions allowed enough time for damage to exceeded 20-30%, as observed for sorghum, then there would still be a substantial risk to seed germination. Untreated wheat seed was the most heavily damaged and yet farmers in the red imported fire ant-infested region of the United States routinely plant untreated wheat seed. Red imported fire ant damage to the seeds of wheat, corn, sorghum, cotton, and soybean may vary from insignificant to severe, depending on exposure time to red imported fire ants, seed type, and whether or not a seed treatment was used. RP Morrison, JE (reprint author), ARS,NAT RESOURCES CONSERVAT RES UNIT,USDA,GSWRL,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 90 IS 1 BP 218 EP 222 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WH859 UT WOS:A1997WH85900034 ER PT J AU Spurgeon, DW Raulston, JR Lingren, PD Gillespie, JM AF Spurgeon, DW Raulston, JR Lingren, PD Gillespie, JM TI Mating disruption of Mexican rice borers (Lepidoptera pyralidae) in Lower Rio Grande Valley sugarcane SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eoreuma loftini; mating disruption; pheromone ID EOREUMA-LOFTINI LEPIDOPTERA; PHEROMONE AB Mating disruption of Mexican rice borers, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar), by synthetic pheromone applications in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) was investigated in large-scale field studies. Mating disruption was assessed using pheromone trapping, mating tables, stalk dissections, and nocturnal collections of adults. Pheromone traps were inappropriate for monitoring mating disruption. Mating tables supplied useful information but overestimated effects of pheromone applications on mating activities of feral rice borer populations. Adult collections and dissections supplied the least ambiguous assessment of mating activities, but were interpreted most easily in the presence of other substantiating data. Pheromone applications formulated in rubber ships or microporous beads and applied in a polybutene-based adhesive did not result in appreciable levels of mating disruption, and did not control rice borer populations or reduce associated stalk injury levels. RP Spurgeon, DW (reprint author), ARS,CROP INSECT PESTS MANAGEMENT RES UNIT,USDA,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 90 IS 1 BP 223 EP 234 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WH859 UT WOS:A1997WH85900035 ER PT J AU Yager, DD Spangler, HG AF Yager, DD Spangler, HG TI Behavioral response to ultrasound by the tiger beetle Cicindela marutha Dow combines aerodynamic changes and sound production SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect hearing; Cicindelidae; tiger beetle; Cicindela marutha; bat evasion; ultrasound; startle response; defensive behavior ID MANTIS PARASPHENDALE-AGRIONINA; GATED EVASIVE MANEUVERS; FLYING GREEN LACEWINGS; PRAYING-MANTIS; ACOUSTIC STARTLE; BAT ECHOLOCATION; ARCTIID MOTHS; LEPIDOPTERA; CRICKETS; AVOIDANCE AB Tethered flying tiger beetles, Cicindela marutha, respond to trains of bat-like ultrasonic pulses with a short-latency, multi-component behavior, The head rolls to one side, the metathoracic legs kick to the opposite side, the elytra swing backwards towards the hindwings and pronate, the hindwings increase their stroke excursion and freqency, and the plane of the hindwing motion tilts forward, In addition, the beetles produce trains of ultrasonic clicks typically containing 100-200 clicks in response to a 1 s stimulus, The clicks average 85-90 dB SPL at 2 cm, The latencies for hindwing changes and elytra swing in response to stimuli more than 10 dB over threshold are 90-110 ms; the latency to clicking is 120-150 ms. Neither the head roll nor the leg kick appears to be directionalrelative to the sound source. The behavioral response is broadly tuned with greatest sensitivity at 30-60 kHz and mean behavioral thresholds of 75-80 dB SPL, Physiological audiograms from the auditory afferents show substantially greater sensitivity and sharper tuning than the behavioral response, which suggests that tiger beetles may use their hearing in other contexts as well as during flight, The combination of aerodynamic components and arctiid-moth-like clicking may provide these insects with a powerful defense against attack by echolocating bats. C1 ARS, USDA, CARL HAYDEN BEE RES CTR, TUCSON, AZ 85719 USA. RP Yager, DD (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT PSYCHOL, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. RI Yager, David/D-1809-2010 FU NIDCD NIH HHS [5-R29-DC01382] NR 36 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 EI 1477-9145 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 200 IS 3 BP 649 EP 659 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA WK034 UT WOS:A1997WK03400022 PM 9057313 ER PT J AU Fiscus, EL Reid, CD Miller, JE Heagle, AS AF Fiscus, EL Reid, CD Miller, JE Heagle, AS TI Elevated CO2 reduces O-3 flux and O-3-induced yield losses in soybeans: Possible implications for elevated CO2 studies SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE stomatal limitation; elevated CO2; O-3 flux; Glycine max; yield suppression ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; LEAF RESPIRATION; WATER-DEFICIT; B RADIATION; OZONE; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CONDUCTANCE; POLLUTANTS; ENRICHMENT AB Soybeans were grown for three seasons in open-top field chambers to determine (1) whether elevated CO2 (360 Versus 700 mu mol mol(-1)) alleviates some of the yield loss due to pollutant O-3, (2) whether the partial stomatal closure resulting froth chronic O-3 exposure (charcoal-filtered air versus 1.5 x ambient concentrations) is a cause or result of decreased photosynthesis, and (3) possible implications of CO2/O-3 interactions to climate change studies using elevated CO2. Leaf conductance was reduced by elevated CO2, regardless of O-3 level, or by exposure to O-3 alone. AS a result of these effects on conductance, high CO2 reduced estimated midday O-3 flux into the leaf by an average of 50% in charcoal-filtered air and 35% in the high O-3 treatment. However, while exposure to O-3 reduced seed yields by 41% at ambient CO2 levels, the yield reduction was completely ameliorated by elevated CO2. The threshold midday O-3 flux for yield loss appears to be 20-30 nmol m(-2) s(-1) in this study. Although elevated CO2 increased total biomass production, it did not increase seed yields. A/C-i curves show a large reduction in the stomatal limitation to photosynthesis due to elevated CO2, but no effect of O-3. These data demonstrate that (1) reduced conductance due to O-3 is the result, and not the cause, of reduced photosynthesis, (2) 700 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 can completely ameliorate yield losses due to O-3 within the limits of these experiments, and (3) some reports of increased yields under elevated CO2 treatments may, at least in part, reflect the amelioration of unrecognized suppression of yield by O-3 or other stresses. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT CROP SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27606. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,RALEIGH,NC 27606. RP Fiscus, EL (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27606, USA. NR 30 TC 95 Z9 101 U1 1 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 48 IS 307 BP 307 EP 313 DI 10.1093/jxb/48.2.307 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WL169 UT WOS:A1997WL16900013 ER PT J AU Dorsa, WJ Cutter, CN Siragusa, GR AF Dorsa, WJ Cutter, CN Siragusa, GR TI Effects of steam-vacuuming and hot water spray wash on the microflora of refrigerated beef carcass surface tissue inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria innocua, and Clostridium sporogenes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE beef; steam-vacuum; hot water washes; Escherichia coli O157:H7; Listeria innocua; Clostridium sporogenes ID GROUND-BEEF; HEAT; DECONTAMINATION; MONOCYTOGENES; LETHALITY; TURKEY AB The fates of several bacterial populations on beef carcass surfaces were examined immediately following hot water washes (W) delivered through a beef carcass wash cabinet or application of steam-vacuum (SV). Additionally, the long-range effectiveness of W and SV on several bacterial populations was also determined during storage up to 21 days at 5 degrees C under vacuum-packaged conditions. Fresh, unaltered bovine feces spiked with antibiotic-resistant strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria innocua, and Clostridium sporogenes were used to inoculate beef carcass tissue prior to W or SV treatment. All treatments were equally effective as is indicated by bacterial populations immediately following any of the treatments (P >0.05); however, the combination of SV followed by W consistently produced arithmetically greater bacterial reductions. In general, all treatments produced initial reductions of up to 2.7 log CFU/cm(2) for APC, lactic acid bacteria, and L. innocua, but by 14 days bacterial numbers had increased to levels of at least 7 log CFU/cm(2). E. coli O157:H7 was initially reduced by as much as 3.4 log CFU/cm(2) and did not grow to original inoculation levels for the duration of the experiment. Vegetative a counts of C. sporogenes were initially reduced by as much as 3.4 log CFU/cm(2), and numbers continued to decline for the duration of the study. These results indicate that the use of W and SV effectively reduces bacterial populations from beef carcass tissue immediately after treatment. Additionally, storage of treated tissue up to 21 days at 5 degrees C did not appear to offer any competitive advantage to potentially pathogenic microorganisms. RP Dorsa, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 17 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 60 IS 2 BP 114 EP 119 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA WJ833 UT WOS:A1997WJ83300004 ER PT J AU Cosby, DE Craven, SE Harrison, MA Cox, NA AF Cosby, DE Craven, SE Harrison, MA Cox, NA TI Bacterial isolates from the chicken gizzard and ceca with in vitro inhibitory activity against Salmonella typhimurium SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE Salmonella typhimurium; Enterobacteriaceae; Lactobacillus spp; inhibitory activity; antimicrobial agent ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; COMPETITIVE-EXCLUSION; POULTRY; INFECTION; CULTURES; STRAINS; MUTANTS AB Bacterial isolates (197) obtained from the gizzard and ceca of 20 broiler and 40 specific-pathogen-free chickens, 21 days to 8 months of age, were evaluated for inhibitory activity against Salmonella typhimurium. One-hundred forty strains were characterized as gram negative and oxidase negative, typical of the Enterobacteriaceae. Five of the gram-negative and oxidase-negative isolates demonstrated inhibitory activity against six strains of S. typhimurium after 10- and 20-fold concentration and ammonium sulfate precipitation of the cell-free supernatant fluid from a culture grown in M9 minimal medium. Three isolates were identified as lactobacilli, 40 other strains exhibited Gram stain, oxidase, and catalase reactions typical of the Lactobacillus spp., and three known lactobacilli were included in the evaluation. Limited inhibitory activity was exhibited by these 46 isolates when tested against six S. typhimurium strains. Fourteen other strains not characterized as presumptive enterobacteria or lactic acid bacteria demonstrated little or no inhibitory activity against the six test strains. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,DEPT FOOD SCI & TECHNOL,CTR FOOD SAFETY & QUAL ENHANCEMENT,ATHENS,GA 30605. RP Cosby, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS,POULTRY MICROBIOL SAFETY RES UNIT,RICHARD B RUSSELL RES CTR,POB 5677,ATHENS,GA 30604, USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 60 IS 2 BP 120 EP 124 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA WJ833 UT WOS:A1997WJ83300005 ER PT J AU Simmons, GF Smilanick, JL John, S Margosan, DA AF Simmons, GF Smilanick, JL John, S Margosan, DA TI Reduction of microbial populations on prunes by vapor-phase hydrogen peroxide SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE prunes; colony counts; hydrogen peroxide; sanitizer; disinfectants ID SPORICIDAL PROPERTIES AB Vapor-phase hydrogen peroxide (VPHP) was used to disinfect prunes. Concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution (35%, wt/wt) was volatilized into a stream of dried air to approximately 3.1 mg/l (wt/vol) of hydrogen peroxide. Dried prunes obtained from commercial dehydrators were treated with VPHP and compared to untreated prunes. Microbial populations were determined for treatment comparisons. Untreated dried prune microbial populations were 155, 107, and 111 CFU/g of prunes on aerobic plate count agar, potato dextrose agar, and dichloran rose bengal agar, respectively. In contrast, VPHP-treated prune microbial populations were reduced to near zero on all media after 10 minutes of VPHP exposure. The color of prunes exposed for 20 min or longer, however, showed oxidation damage. No hydrogen peroxide residues were detected 90 days after treatment. RP Simmons, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,2021 S PEACH AVE,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2838 SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 60 IS 2 BP 188 EP 191 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA WJ833 UT WOS:A1997WJ83300018 ER PT J AU Chanzy, A Schmugge, TJ Calvet, JC Kerr, Y vanOevelen, P Grosjean, O Wang, JR AF Chanzy, A Schmugge, TJ Calvet, JC Kerr, Y vanOevelen, P Grosjean, O Wang, JR TI Airborne microwave radiometry on a semi-arid area during HAPEX-Sahel SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; EMISSION; FIELDS AB Airborne microwave radiometric measurements in the framework of the HAPEX-Sahel Experiment were performed by the Push Broom Microwave Radiometer (PBMR) and the PORTOS radiometer. The flights of both radiometers produced an original set of data covering the 1.4-90 GHz range of frequency. The East and West Central Super Sites were the areas most intensively observed by the microwave radiometers. Over those sites, several brightness temperature (T-B) maps are available at seven dates distributed over a 1 month period in the middle of the rainy season. A comparison of the two radiometers demonstrates their radiometric quality and the precision of the localization of the microwave observations. At 1.4 GHz, the vegetation had very little effect on the soil microwave emission. Maps of soil moisture were developed using a single linear relationship between T-B and the surface soil moisture. There is an important spatial heterogeneity in the soil moisture distribution, which is explained by both the soil moisture hydrodynamic properties and the localization of the precipitation fields. At 5.05 GHz, the vegetation must be accounted for to infer soil moisture from the microwave observations. A method based on a simple radiative transfer model and on microwave data has shown encouraging results. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA,HYDROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20740. INRA,UNITE SCI SOL,F-84914 AVIGNON 9,FRANCE. METEO FRANCE,CNRM,F-31057 TOULOUSE,FRANCE. LERTS,CESBIO,F-31055 TOULOUSE,FRANCE. AGR UNIV WAGENINGEN,DEPT WATER RESOURCES,NL-6709 PA WAGENINGEN,NETHERLANDS. CTR NATL ETUD SPATIALES,F-31055 TOULOUSE,FRANCE. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RI Calvet, Jean-Christophe/A-8762-2012 OI Calvet, Jean-Christophe/0000-0001-6425-6492 NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 189 IS 1-4 BP 285 EP 309 PG 25 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA XA788 UT WOS:A1997XA78800014 ER PT J AU vanLeeuwen, WJD Huete, AR Walthall, CL Prince, SD Begue, A Roujean, JL AF vanLeeuwen, WJD Huete, AR Walthall, CL Prince, SD Begue, A Roujean, JL TI Deconvolution of remotely sensed spectral mixtures for retrieval of LAI, fAPAR and soil brightness SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS-ANALYSIS; LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATION; REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; VEGETATION INDEX; SATELLITE DATA; HAPEX-SAHEL; SAIL MODEL; ABUNDANCE; CANOPY AB Linear mixture models have been used to invert spectral reflectances of targets at the Earth's surface into proportions of plant and soil components. However, operational use of mixture models has been limited by a lack of biophysical interpretation of the results. The main objectives of this study were (I) to relate the deconvolved components of a mixture model with biophysical properties of vegetation and soil at the surface and (2) to apply the mixture model results to remotely sensed imagery. A radiative transfer model (SAIL: Scattering by Arbitrarily Inclined Leaves) was used to generate reflectance 'mixtures' from leaf and bare soil spectral measurements made at HAPEX-Sahel (Hydrological Atmospheric Pilot EXperiment) study sites, The SAIL model was used to create canopy reflectances and fractions of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR) for a range of mixed targets with varying leaf area index (LAI) and soils. A spectral mixture model was used to deconvolve the simulated reflectance data into component fractions, which were then calibrated to the SAIL-generated LAI, fAPAR and soil brightness. The calibrated relationships were validated with observational ground data (LAI, fAPAR and reflectance) measured at the HAPEX Sahel fallow bush/grassland, fallow grassland and millet sites. Both the vegetation and soil component fractions were found to be dependent upon soil background brightness, such that inclusion of the soil fraction information significantly improved the derivation of vegetation biophysical parameters. Soil brightness was also shown to be a useful parameter to infer soil properties. The deconvolution methodology was then applied to a nadir image of a HAPEX-Sahel site measured by the Advanced Solid State Array Spectroradiometer (ASAS). Site LAI and fAPAR were successfully estimated by combining the fractional estimates of vegetation and soils. obtained through deconvolution of the ASAS image, with the calibrated relationships between vegetation fraction,LAI and fAPAR, obtained from the SAIL data. C1 USDA ARS,REMOTE SENSING RES LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT GEOG,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. CIRAD CA,MAISON TELEDETECT,MONTPELLIER,FRANCE. CNRM,TOULOUSE,FRANCE. RP vanLeeuwen, WJD (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT SOIL & WATER SCI,429 SHANTZ BLDG 38,TUCSON,AZ 85721, USA. RI van Leeuwen, Willem/A-6547-2008; begue, agnes/A-5718-2011; Huete, Alfredo/C-1294-2008 OI begue, agnes/0000-0002-9289-1052; Huete, Alfredo/0000-0003-2809-2376 NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 189 IS 1-4 BP 697 EP 724 PG 28 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA XA788 UT WOS:A1997XA78800034 ER PT J AU Alleyne, M Chappell, MA Gelman, DB Beckage, NE AF Alleyne, M Chappell, MA Gelman, DB Beckage, NE TI Effects of parasitism by the braconid wasp Cotesia congregata on metabolic rate in host larvae of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE parasitism; parasitoid; ventilation; gas exchange; ecdysteroid titers; host regulation; feeding inhibition; starvation; tetrodotoxin; developmental arrest; host-parasite relationships ID APANTELES-CONGREGATUS; HYPOSOTER-EXIGUAE; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; 5TH INSTARS; WATER-LOSS; GROWTH; INSECT; HYMENOPTERA; LEPIDOPTERA; PHYSIOLOGY AB We examined growth rates, gas exchange patterns and energy metabolism of tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) larvae parasitized by the braconid wasp Cotesia congragata. Larvae parasitized at the beginning of the fourth-instar had reduced growth compared to unparasitized larvae of the same age and short-term differences in metabolism (measured as rates of CO2 production, (V CO2) were apparent almost immediately after wasp oviposition, However, over the growth period between parasitization and the last part of the fifth-instar, there was no significant difference between parasitized and unparasitized hosts as seen in the relationship between mass and (V CO2, One day prior to parasitoid emergence, host larvae stopped eating, ceased spontaneous locomotor activity and showed a dramatic decline in metabolism, The 60% decline of(V CO2 at this time is consistent with lack of specific dynamic action because the animals were not feeding, Gas exchange became highly cyclical on the day of parasitoid emergence, but the cause and significance of this phenomenon, which disappeared by the third day following emergence, are not clear, This pattern of cycling was not induced by starving nonparasitized larvae for 6 days, nor by immobilizing nonparasitized larvae with tetrodotoxin. Ecdysteroid levels in the host's hemolymph significantly increased on the day when parasitoids completed their L2-L3 molt and began emerging, but not during the wasps' L1-L2 molt which occurred a few days earlier, Contrary to our initial expectation that hemolymph ecdysteroid titers might be linked to alterations in the host's metabolic rate, we observed no such correlation. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE, DEPT ENTOMOL, RIVERSIDE, CA 92521 USA. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE, ENVIRONM TOXICOL GRAD PROGRAM, RIVERSIDE, CA 92521 USA. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE, DEPT BIOL, RIVERSIDE, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 72 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 EI 1879-1611 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 43 IS 2 BP 143 EP 154 DI 10.1016/S0022-1910(96)00090-X PG 12 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA WL800 UT WOS:A1997WL80000004 ER PT J AU Jenkins, M Trout, J Fayer, R AF Jenkins, M Trout, J Fayer, R TI A semi-quantitative method for measuring Cryptosporidium parvum infection using polymerase chain reaction SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium parvum; DNA; infection; mice; polymerase chain reaction; semi-quantitative ID HYPERIMMUNE BOVINE COLOSTRUM; NEONATAL MICE; SPOROZOITES; EFFICACY; 15-KILODALTON; DIARRHEA; IMMUNITY; CALVES; MODEL; ROLES AB A semi-quantitative method for measuring Cryptosporidium parvum infection in mice using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed for evaluating therapeutic reagents against cryptosporidiosis. A competitor molecule composed of CP15/60 primer-binding sequences flanking an unrelated sequence was synthesized and used in PCR to amplify competitor and target CP15/60 sequences. For estimating relative intestinal parasite numbers, seven-day-old BALB/C mice were infected with 0, 10(2), 10(3), or 10(4) C. parvum oocysts. At 24, 48, 72, and 96 h post-infection, three mice per group were killed and the intestine from each mouse was processed for DNA. Semi-quantitative PCR using serial dilutions of competitor molecule and a constant amount of mouse tissue DNA showed that challenge doses of 10(3) and 10(4) oocysts could be easily detected at both 72 and 96 h post-infection. CP15/60-specific PCR products were not observed at earlier timepoints (24 and 48 h) nor at any timepoint with the 0 or 10(2) challenge doses. The semi-quantitative PCR technique proved to be more sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective compared to conventional histological scoring of cryptosporidial stages in tissue sections from C. parvum-infected mice. A rapid method for extracting DNA from infected mouse intestine was developed and, when used in the semi-quantitative PCR, proved to be as reproducible as conventional DNA extraction methods. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Jenkins, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,BARC E,IMMUNOL & DIS RESISTANCE LAB,BLDG 1040,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD FEB PY 1997 VL 28 IS 2 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1016/S0167-7012(96)00970-0 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA WW754 UT WOS:A1997WW75400002 ER PT J AU Gardner, DR Panter, KE Molyneux, RJ James, LF Stegelmeier, BL Pfister, JA AF Gardner, DR Panter, KE Molyneux, RJ James, LF Stegelmeier, BL Pfister, JA TI Isocupressic acid and related diterpene acids from Pinus ponderosa as abortifacient compounds in cattle SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL TOXINS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Rocky Mountain Regional ACS Meeting CY JUN, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP ACS Rocky Mtd Reg ID NEEDLE ABORTION; RANGE CATTLE; BEEF-COWS; INGESTION AB Consumption of Pinus ponderosa needles by cattle in late stages of pregnancy is known to cause abortions. We recently demonstrated that isocupressic acid, a diterpene acid from the pine needles, was an active abortifacient compound when given orally to pregnant cattle. Acetyl and succinyl derivatives of isocupressic acid are also active abortifacients in cattle, apparently after ruminal activation by ester hydrolysis to isocupressic acid, following oral administration. Acetyl- and succinyl-isocupressic acid have been shown to be rapidly metabolized to isocupressic acid in vitro in active rumen fluid with 50% conversion after two to four hours, respectively. Intravenous infusion of isocupressic acid induced abortion in three of four cows while i.v. infusion of acetyl- and succinyl-isocupressic acid failed to induce abortion. Isocupressic acid is rapidly metabolized by the post-absorptive system to structurally similar diterpene acid compounds, including the predominant serum metabolite agathic acid. C1 ARS,USDA,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,LOGAN,UT 84341. ARS,USDA,WESTERN REG RES CTR,ALBANY,CA 94710. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALAKEN, INC PI FT COLLINS PA 305 W MAGNOLIA ST, STE 196, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 SN 1058-8108 J9 J NAT TOXINS JI J. Nat. Toxins PD FEB PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA WG615 UT WOS:A1997WG61500001 ER PT J AU Richard, JL AF Richard, JL TI Gliotoxin, a mycotoxin associated with cases of avian aspergillosis SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL TOXINS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Rocky Mountain Regional ACS Meeting CY JUN, 1996 CL LAKEWOOD, CO SP ACS Rocky Mtd Reg ID IMMUNOMODULATING ACTIVITY; FUMIGATUS FRESENIUS; METABOLITE; CULTURES; INVITRO AB Gliotoxin is a toxic metabolite produced by species of several genera of fungi most notably by Aspergillus fumigatus, the major causative agent of avian aspergillosis. This mycotoxin has demonstrated activities against bacteria and fungi, is quite cytotoxic, and is a potent immunosuppressive compound. It has been shown to be produced by A. fumigatus in the pathogenic state of a mycosis involving the bovine udder and after inoculation of this organism into the peritoneal cavity of mice. More recently, gliotoxin was the major suspect mycotoxin involved in an intoxication of camels consuming moldy hay. We have shown that this compound was produced by most of the isolates of A. fumigatus involved in an outbreak of aspergillosis among turkeys, was very cytotoxic to turkey peripheral lymphocytes and was produced in turkeys with aspergillosis by experimentally inoculating them with a gliotoxin-producing isolate of this organism. We have also found gliotoxin in turkey lung and air-sac tissue naturally infected with A. fumigatus and taken from the turkeys at the time of slaughter. The nature of the involvement of this compound in aspergillosis is not known but because of its properties it has the potential to be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. C1 ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,USDA,PEORIA,IL 61604. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 4 PU ALAKEN, INC PI FT COLLINS PA 305 W MAGNOLIA ST, STE 196, FT COLLINS, CO 80521 SN 1058-8108 J9 J NAT TOXINS JI J. Nat. Toxins PD FEB PY 1997 VL 6 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Toxicology GA WG615 UT WOS:A1997WG61500002 ER PT J AU Butte, NF Barbosa, L Villalpando, S Wong, WW Smith, EO AF Butte, NF Barbosa, L Villalpando, S Wong, WW Smith, EO TI Total energy expenditure and physical activity level of lactating mesoamerindians SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE energy expenditure; basal metabolic rate; physical activity; breastfeeding; humans ID DOUBLY-LABELED WATER; HEALTHY SWEDISH WOMEN; GAMBIAN WOMEN; BODY-COMPOSITION; INDIAN WOMEN; HUMAN-MILK; PREGNANCY; BALANCE; PERFORMANCE; DEUTERIUM AB Energy-sparing mechanisms may be elicited to meet increased energy requirements imposed by lactation on women who reside in poor, rural communities in developing countries. The objectives of this study were to measure total energy expenditure and its components, basal and activity energy expenditure, and to investigate their relationships with lactation performance in a total of 40 rural Mesoamerindians stratified according to postpartum body mass index. Total energy expenditure and fat-free mass were measured by the doubly labeled water method, and basal metabolic rate was determined by indirect calorimetry at 3 and 6 mo postpartum. Physical activity level was taken as the ratio of total energy expenditure to basal metabolic rate. Milk energy output, which is not included in total energy expenditure, was computed from 24-h milk intake (test-weighing) and energy concentration of milk (bomb calorimetry). Anthropometric measurements revealed negligible mobilization of tissue stores. Mean (+/- SD) total energy expenditures were 8912 +/- 1296 kJ/d and 9253 +/- 1298 kJ/d for the lower and higher body mass index groups, respectively. Adjusted for fat-free mass, total energy expenditure was higher in the lower body mass index group (P = 0.05). Adjusted for fat-free mass, basal metabolic rate did not differ between groups. Physical activity level was significantly higher in the lower body mass index group (P = 0.03). Lactation performance did not differ between groups and was not associated with total energy expenditure or its components. Despite the maintenance of energy balance and heightened energy requirements of lactation, energy-sparing mechanisms were not evident in these lactating Mesoamerindians. C1 INST MEXICANO SEGURO SOCIAL,UNIDAD INVEST NUTR,CMN,SXXI,MEXICO CITY,DF,MEXICO. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA ARS,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. OI Villalpando, Salvador/0000-0001-6429-3816 NR 40 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 127 IS 2 BP 299 EP 305 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WK390 UT WOS:A1997WK39000014 PM 9039831 ER PT J AU Rumsey, TS Elsasser, TH Kahl, S AF Rumsey, TS Elsasser, TH Kahl, S TI Roasted soybeans and an estrogenic growth promoter affect the thyroid status of beef steers SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 88th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Animal-Science CY JUL 24-26, 1996 CL RAPID CITY, SD SP Amer Soc Anim Sci DE beef cattle; estrogens; thyroid hormones; thyroid-stimulating hormone; soybeans ID HIGH-FORAGE DIETS; CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; SYNOVEX-S; PALM OIL; HORMONE; PROPYLTHIOURACIL; PERFORMANCE; LIPIDS; MODEL AB We investigated the interactive effects of a roasted soybean (RSB)-supplemented diet and an estrogen ear implant [Synovex-S(R) (SYN), 20 mg estradiol benzoate + 200 mg progesterone] in young beef steers on measures of thyroid status before and after challenge injections of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) + growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). Twenty steers (body weight 255 +/- 5 kg) were assigned to the following treatments: I) no SYN and a soybean meal-supplemented diet, 2) no SYN and a RSB-supplemented diet, 3) plus SYN and soybean meal, and 4) plus SYN and RSB, Steers were individually fed 1.13 MJ metabolizable energy/kg metabolic body wt daily of an 18% protein diet, After a 5-wk growth period, all steers were challenged (intravenous injection) over a 3-wk period with three dose levels of a combination of TRH + GHRH (0.1+0.01, 1.0+0.1 and 2.5+0.25 mu g/kg body wt). There were no dose by SYN or RSB interactions, Across dose levels, values for baseline plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were 0.37, 0.35, 0.61 and 0.33 mu g/L for treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively (SYN, P < 0.07; RSB, P < 0.01; SYN x RSB, P < 0.03; SEM 0.06). Net areas under the response curve for TSH were 66.4, 51.3, 91.4 and 64.4 (mu g/L) x min, respectively (RSB, P < 0.08; SEM 12.0), Similar treatment effects and/or numerical differences after challenge were noted for thyroxine (T-4) but not triiodothyronine (T-3) Baseline (2.22 vs. 2.00 mu g/L, P < 0.02) and peak (3.07 vs. 2.03 mu g/L, P < 0.03) T-3 concentrations were less for steers fed RSB than for steers fed soybean meal. This study indicates that in young growing beef steers, SYN increases TSH release from the adenohypophysis and that the primary effect of RSB is reduced plasma T-3, possibly through an effect on peripheral T-4 deiodination. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT ANIM SCI,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. RP Rumsey, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS,GROWTH BIOL LAB,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 127 IS 2 BP 352 EP 358 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WK390 UT WOS:A1997WK39000022 PM 9039839 ER PT J AU Meydani, M Fielding, RA Cannon, JG Blumberg, JB Evans, WJ AF Meydani, M Fielding, RA Cannon, JG Blumberg, JB Evans, WJ TI Muscle uptake of vitamin E and its association with muscle fiber type SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE vitamin E; plasma; gastrocnemius muscle; type I fiber; humans ID ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL; LIPOPROTEINS; EXERCISE; BINDING AB The effect of 800 IU vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate) supplementation for 30 days on alpha- and gamma-tocopherol concentrations in gastrocnemius muscle and the relation between vitamin E concentrations and the distribution of Type I and II fibers was investigated in nine healthy adults (21 to 44 years). The plasma concentration of alpha-tocopherol increased by 300% (65.2 +/- 7.7 versus 21.8 +/- 2.3 mu mol/L) and gamma-tocopherol decreased by 74% (1.3 +/- 0.1 vs. 5.2 +/- 0.6 mu mol/L) within 15 days of supplementation and was maintained at this plateau with continuous supplementation. Muscle biopsies taken before and after supplementation showed a significant 53% ina ease of alpha-tocopherol (57.3 +/- 12.1 versus 37.6 +/- 7.0 nmol/g) and a 37% decrease of gamma-tocopherol (7.8 +/- 1.1 versus 12.5 +/- 1.1 nmol/g). There was a significant correlation between plasma and muscle concentrations of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol (r = 0.71, P = 0.001 and r = 0.59, P = 0.009 respectively). Muscle alpha-tocopherol, but not gamma-tocopherol, was inversely correlated with body mass index (r = -0.69, P = 0.008). The percentage of Type I fibers was inversely correlated with plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol (r = -0.69, P < 0.05), but this correlation with muscle concentrations of alpha-tocopherol was weak. It appears that individuals with a higher percentage of Type I fibers may utilize more alpha-tocopherol, perhaps to prevent oxidative damage from contractile activity. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 1997. C1 TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,SARGENT COLL ALLIED HLTH PROFESS,DEPT HLTH SCI,BOSTON,MA 02215. PENN STATE UNIV,NOLL PHYSIOL RES CTR,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 8 IS 2 BP 74 EP 78 DI 10.1016/S0955-2863(96)00176-3 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA WN407 UT WOS:A1997WN40700004 ER PT J AU Finley, JW Monroe, P AF Finley, JW Monroe, P TI Mn absorption: The use of CACO-2 cells as a model of the intestinal epithelia SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE manganese; CACO-2; absorption; transport; cell culture; trace element; Mn ID GUT ENDOGENOUS LOSSES; MANGANESE ABSORPTION; IRON-ABSORPTION; LINE CACO-2; ZINC UPTAKE; RATS; METABOLISM; HUMANS; MONOLAYERS; TRANSPORT AB Manganese uptake and transport were examined with CACO-2 cells grown on polyethylene (PET) or polycarbonate (PC) semipermeable membranes. Cells were grown in growth medium (DME + 10% fetal calf serum; 0.1 mu mol Mn/L) for 21 days. Apical to basolateral transport rate of Mn was lower than the basolateral to apical transport late. Apical to basolateral Mn uptake and transport were strictly concentration dependent, but basolateral al to apical uptake and transport were saturable. When cells were grown in media containing 30 mu mol/L of various metal ions, Ni and Cu depressed Mn transport substantially, but 30 mu mol Mn/L increased Mn transport. Apical to basolateral transport was relatively unaffected by temperature, the presence of ligands, and/or competing ions, however, all of these factors decreased basolateral to apical transport. When equal amounts of Mn-54 were put on both sides of the cellular monolayer, cells preferentially moved Mn to the apical side, creating an apical to basolateral concentration gradient for Mn-54. These results show that Mn uptake and transport by CACO-2 cells are processes that differ for the apical and basolateral membrane. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 1997. RP Finley, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 9034,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 8 IS 2 BP 92 EP 101 DI 10.1016/S0955-2863(96)00180-5 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA WN407 UT WOS:A1997WN40700007 ER PT J AU Hoberg, EP Henny, CJ Hedstrom, OR Grove, RA AF Hoberg, EP Henny, CJ Hedstrom, OR Grove, RA TI Intestinal helminths of river otters (Lutra canadensis) from the Pacific Northwest SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The intestinal helminth fauna of river otters, Lutra canadensis, from the Pacific Northwest was characterized by low species richness and intensity of infection. River otters from the lower Columbia River (n = 23) were infected with 9 species of helminths (83% prevalence); those from a relatively undisturbed reference area near the headwaters of the Trask and Wilson rivers on the Oregon coast (n = 6) were infected by 5 species of helminths (100% prevalence). Single species of Eucestoda (Schistocephalus solidus), Digenea (Euparyphium inerme), Acanthocephala (Corynosoma strumosum), and 8 species of Nematoda (Strongyloides lutrae; larvae of Eustrongylides sp., Anisakis sp., and Contracaecum sp.; 3 of Cystidicolidae, and Hedruris sp.) were collected. Most species are typical of piscine definitive hosts and were present as incidental parasites of river otters. Notably, specimens of Euparyphium inerme are reported for the first time in river otters from North America; occurrence of other helminths constitutes new host or geographic records for parasites in river otters in Oregon and Washington. Parasites with marine life cycles were acquired by river otters in freshwater habitats at a great distance from the ocean. The helminth fauna of river otters in the Pacific Northwest was influenced primarily by ecological factors and was indicative of eclectic food habits and the relatively extensive home ranges occupied by those mustelids. RP Hoberg, EP (reprint author), ARS,BIOSYSTEMAT & NATL PARASITE COLLECT UNIT,BARC E 1180,USDA,10300 BALTIMORE AVE,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 83 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.2307/3284324 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA WK025 UT WOS:A1997WK02500017 PM 9057704 ER PT J AU Zaifnejad, M Clark, RB Sullivan, CY AF Zaifnejad, M Clark, RB Sullivan, CY TI Aluminum and water stress effects on growth and proline of sorghum SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dry matter; leaf area; polyethylene glycol-8000; root length; Sorghum bicolor ID DROUGHT RESISTANCE; BARLEY CULTIVARS; ACID SOIL; ACCUMULATION; NITROGEN; GENOTYPES; TOLERANCE; TOXICITY; PROTEIN; SOLUTES AB Plants grown on acid soil with high exchangeable Al often show decreased growth and water deficit (WD) symptoms. Detailed comparisons of separate and combined effects between Al toxicity and WD would help identify plants for tolerance or resistance to these factors to enhance plant improvement procedures. Separate and simultaneous effects of Al toxicity and WD [induced by polyethylene glycol-8000 (PEG)] on growth and proline accumulation of two sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes were determined. [Redlan] (drought- and Al-sensitive) and SC283 (drought- and Al-resistant) sorghum were grown in a growth chamber in nutrient solutions with 0, 200, 400, and 600 mu mol/L Al and 0, 4.4, 7.0, and 3.6% PEG separately and in combination. Increased Al and WD separately decreased shoot and root dry matter, leaf area, net main axis root length, total and specific root length, (RL/root DM). The WD treatments had greater effects on growth traits than Al. Combinations of Al and PEG (Al+PEG) decreased shoot and root DM, LA, NMARL, and TRL. The WRL increased as Al increased, and LA/root DM and LA/RL were not affected by Al+PEG. Proline did not increase in shoots and roots of plants grown with Al, but did increase extensively when grown with WD; sheets had higher proline than roots. Combinations of Al+PEG resulted in higher proline in both shoots and roots than Al stress alone. Overall, SC283 was generally less affected by Al and WD than Redlan. C1 UNIV NEBRASKA,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. RP Zaifnejad, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN SOIL & WATER CONSERVAT RES LAB,POB 867,AIRPORT RD,BECKLEY,WV 25802, USA. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 150 IS 3 BP 338 EP 344 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WP774 UT WOS:A1997WP77400017 ER PT J AU Behall, KM Scholfield, DJ Hallfrisch, J AF Behall, KM Scholfield, DJ Hallfrisch, J TI Effect of beta-glucan level in oat fiber extracts on blood lipids in men and women SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Canadian-Federation-of-Biological-Sciences (CFBS) CY JUN, 1996 CL LONDON, CANADA SP Canadian Federat Biol Sci DE beta glucan; fiber; lipids; triglycerides; cholesterol ID DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN; SERUM-LIPIDS; SOLUBLE FIBER; BRAN INTAKE; DIETS; PLASMA; METABOLISM; RESPONSES; EXCRETION AB Objective: An active hypolipidemic component in oats, the soluble fiber beta-glucan, has been concentrated in an oat fiber extract. The oat fiber extract has been used to replace fat in food products. This study was designed to determine if moderate levels of oat fiber extract could be incorporated into a typical diet and whether plasma lipids could be reduced by the amount of beta-glucan added to the diet. Methods: Oat fiber extracts containing low (1% by weight) or high (10% by weight) beta-glucan were fed to 23 mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects (seven men and 16 women). A maintenance diet was fed for 1 week followed by diets containing an oat extract for 5 weeks each in a crossover pattern. Five percent of the energy from fat in the maintenance diet was replaced with the oat extract in the experimental diets. Caloric intake was adjusted to try to maintain each subject's initial weight. Fasting blood was collected several days apart after separate 12 hour fasts the end of each period. Plasma was analyzed for triglycerides, total cholesterol, and Lipoprotein cholesterol fractions. Results: HDL, HDL(2), and VLDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels after the oat extract diets were not significantly different from those after the maintenance diet. Total and LDL cholesterol levels decreased significantly (p < 0.001) from maintenance levels after both diets containing the oat extracts. Total cholesterol levels after the higher beta-glucan extract diet were significantly lower than those after the low beta-glucan diet. Conclusions: Beneficial reduction of cholesterol was obtained with modest amounts of oat extract incorporated into the diet. A significant dose response due to beta-glucan concentration in the oat extract was observed in total cholesterol levels. C1 USDA, BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR, ARS, MET & NUTR INTERACT LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP Behall, KM (reprint author), USDA, BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,ARS, DIET & HUMAN PERFORMANCE LAB,BLDG 308, BARC E, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 39 TC 91 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0731-5724 EI 1541-1087 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 16 IS 1 BP 46 EP 51 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WG221 UT WOS:A1997WG22100006 PM 9013433 ER PT J AU Harris, TB Kiel, D Roubenoff, R Langlois, J Hannan, M Havlik, R Wilson, P AF Harris, TB Kiel, D Roubenoff, R Langlois, J Hannan, M Havlik, R Wilson, P TI Association of insulin-like growth factor-I with body composition, weight history, and past health behaviors in the very old: The framingham heart study. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOMATOMEDIN-C; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; HORMONE; MEN; AGE; POPULATION; INDICATOR AB OBJECTIVES: We examined correlates of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), an indicator of growth hormone levels, to identify factors associated with higher levels of IGF-I in old age. DESIGN: Nested study of cross-sectional correlates and early-life predictors of IGF-I level. SETTING: A longitudinal cohort study, the Framingham Heart Study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 790 men and women (mean age 78.5, range 72-94), who had weight, waist and hip circumferences measured at the time of IGF-I measurement. MEASUREMENTS: Association of IGF-I with weight, fat distribution, functional status, nutritional indicators, and past health behaviors was assessed. We also examined IGF-I in relation to body composition derived from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: ICE-I levels declined with age in both men and women. However, low IGF-I did not show expected associations with low lean mass and increased body fat. Current functional status and grip strength were not associated with IGF-I. Low IGF-I was associated with weight loss in men; the strongest associations were with indicators of poorer nutritional status in both men and women. Levels of IGF-I in old age did not vary by past health behaviors. CONCLUSION: Although IGF-I declined with age, these data from the Framingham Heart Study did not show expected cross-sectional associations of weight, body fat, and lean mass. The strongest associations were between IGF-I and nutritional indicators. These results suggest caution may be warranted with regard to use of IGF-I as an indicator of growth hormone. C1 HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA. HEBREW REHABIL CTR AGED,RES & TRAINING INST,BOSTON,MA 02131. TUFTS UNIV,SCH MED,USDA,HUMAN NUTR CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. BOSTON UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02118. FRAMINGHAM HEART DIS EPIDEMIOL STUDY,FRAMINGHAM,MA. RP Harris, TB (reprint author), NIA,DEMOG & BIOMETRY PROGRAM,GATEWAY BLDG,ROOM 3C-309,7201 WISCONSIN AVE,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. OI Hannan, Marian/0000-0002-9586-6928; Kiel, Douglas/0000-0001-8474-0310 NR 25 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 45 IS 2 BP 133 EP 139 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA WG194 UT WOS:A1997WG19400001 PM 9033509 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM Cabeza, LF Marmer, WN Brown, EM AF Taylor, MM Cabeza, LF Marmer, WN Brown, EM TI Computer-assisted method to measure the adhesive properties of hydrolysis products from collagen SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the American-Leather-Chemists-Association CY JUN 16-20, 1996 CL TRAVERSE CITY, MI SP Amer Leather Chemists Assoc ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; WASTE AB Historically, hydrolysis products from collagen, such as technical gelatin and animal glue, were used as adhesives. With the advent of synthetic adhesives, those products from collagen became less popular. Because of the ''green revolution'' over environmental concerns, animal glues are again becoming appealing. Characterization of adhesives has, at best, been subjective. The Jelly-gram and/or the Bloom values are presently the most generally used physical tests, the higher values denoting the better quality adhesives. We will describe a method, presently being adopted by adhesive companies, that utilizes a commercially available computerized texture analyzer. The advantages of this method are that it not only measures the tackiness but also the work of adhesion, and it requires only a small amount of sample. Subtle differences in the products that cannot be measured by the prevailing technology can be determined by this technology. Furthermore, analysis of the standard deviation and coefficient of variation shows; that the method has good precision when relatively simple guidelines are followed. RP Taylor, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,HIDES LIPIDS & WOOL RES UNIT,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. RI Cabeza, Luisa F./B-4587-2013 OI Cabeza, Luisa F./0000-0001-5086-872X NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD FEB-MAR PY 1997 VL 92 IS 2 BP 28 EP 37 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA YB091 UT WOS:A1997YB09100001 ER PT J AU Jackson, MA King, JW AF Jackson, MA King, JW TI Lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis of soybean oil in supercritical carbon dioxide SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE lipase; monoglycerides; supercritical carbon dioxide; transesterification ID ENZYMATIC GLYCEROLYSIS; HIGH-YIELD; MONOGLYCERIDES; TALLOW; FATS; CO2 AB The transesterification of soybean oil with glycerol, 1,2-propanediol, and methanol by an immobilized lipase in flowing supercritical carbon dioxide for the synthesis of monoglycerides is described. A lipase from Candida antarctica was used to catalyze the reaction of soybean oil with glycerol, 1,2-propanediol, ethylene glycol, and methanol. Reactions were performed in supercritical carbon dioxide at a density of 0.72 g/L and at a flow rate of 6 mu L/min (expanded gas). The substrates were added at flows ranging from 2.5 to 100 mu L/min. Monoglycerides were obtained at up to 87 wt%, and fatty acid methyl esters at nearly 100 wt%. The reactivity of the alcohols paralleled the solubility of the substrate in liquid carbon dioxide. Glycerol has the slowest reaction rate, only 2% of that of methanol. C1 ARS, NCAUR, USDA, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 22 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 74 IS 2 BP 103 EP 106 DI 10.1007/s11746-997-0152-7 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WJ717 UT WOS:A1997WJ71700006 ER PT J AU Isbell, TA Plattner, BA AF Isbell, TA Plattner, BA TI A highly regioselective synthesis of delta-lactones from meadowfoam fatty acids SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE delta-eicosanolactone; gamma-eicosanolactone; lactone; meadowfoam fatty acids; perchloric acid; regioselective lactonization; sulfuric acid ID OIL; ENRICHMENT; ESTOLIDES AB Meadowfoam fatty acids, when treated with mineral acid catalysts in the presence of polar nonparticipating solvents, undergo a facile ring closure to form delta-lactones. Perchloric and sulfuric acids catalyze the cyclization at concentrations of 0.6-13 mole equivalents, both neat and in the presence of solvent. Under constant acid concentrations, methylene chloride was found to increase the rate of reaction, the regioselectivity for the formation of delta-lactone, and the overall yield. In the absence of solvent, increased acid concentration improved the yield of lactone but reduced regioselectivity for the delta-isomer. Solvent polarity plays a significant role in the regioselectivity of the cyclization for delta-lactone, with solvents of higher dielectric strength providing larger delta/gamma ratios (38:1) and higher yields up to 92%. C1 INDIANA UNIV,DEPT CHEM,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47408. RP Isbell, TA (reprint author), ARS,USDA,NCAUR,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 74 IS 2 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.1007/s11746-997-0161-6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WJ717 UT WOS:A1997WJ71700015 ER PT J AU Pantalone, VR Rebetzke, GJ Burton, JW Wilson, RF AF Pantalone, VR Rebetzke, GJ Burton, JW Wilson, RF TI Genetic regulation of linolenic acid concentration in wild soybean Glycine soja accessions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE composition; genetics; Glycine max; Glycine soja; industrial use; interspecific mating; linolenic acid; oil; soy-bean; wild soybean ID GERMPLASM LINES; SEED OIL; REGISTRATION AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil from current commercial cultivars typically contains ca. 8% linolenic acid. Inheritance studies have shown that linolenic acid concentration in soybean seed is determined by at least two genes which govern activity of the predominant omega-6 and omega-3 desaturases. Selection of germplasm exhibiting homozygous recessive alleles that encode these desaturases has enabled development of soybeans having less than 3.0% linolenic acid. However, accessions of the wild ancestor of modern soybean cultivars, Glycine soja (Sieb. and Zucc.), have oils containing twice the highest linolenic acid concentration found in normal G. max cultivars. Although little is known about inheritance of linolenic acid in wild soybean, it would appear that additional or alternative forms of genes may govern its synthesis. To test this hypothesis, cultivated soybean germplasm was hybridized with wild soybean genotypes having significant differences in linolenic acid concentration. Seed of F-3 progeny from these G. max x G. soja populations exhibited distinct segregation patterns for relative estimates of omega-6 and omega-3 desaturase activity. Frequency class distribution analyses of the segregation patterns, and linear relations between median omega-6 or omega-3 desaturation estimates and corresponding linolenic acid concentration among allelic classes from these populations suggested the high-linolenic acid trait in wild soybean genotypes was determined by a set of desaturase alleles that were different from corresponding alleles in G. max. Introgression of these alternative alleles in G. max germplasm opens a new avenue of research on the genetic regulation of linolenic acid, and may lead to the production of highly polyunsaturated soybean oils for various industrial applications. C1 COOPERAT RES SERV PLANT SCI,CANBERRA,ACT 2601,AUSTRALIA. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Pantalone, VR (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT CROP SCI,PLANT SCI RES FACIL,3127 LIGON ST,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. RI Rebetzke, Greg/F-6078-2010 NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 74 IS 2 BP 159 EP 163 DI 10.1007/s11746-997-0162-5 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA WJ717 UT WOS:A1997WJ71700016 ER PT J AU Harris, IT FedorkaCray, PJ Gray, JT Thomas, LA Ferris, K AF Harris, IT FedorkaCray, PJ Gray, JT Thomas, LA Ferris, K TI Prevalence of Salmonella organisms in swine feed SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE porcine species; feed; risk-factor analysis; Salmonella sp ID UNITED-STATES; FLOCKS AB Objective-To test feed and feed ingredients on swine farms for Salmonella organisms and to analyze data from these farms to determine risk factors associated with Salmonella organisms in the feed and feed ingredients. Design-Epidemiologic survey and retrospective case-control study. Sample Population-30 swine farms. Procedure-Samples of feed and feed ingredients and information regarding herd characteristics were collected from 30 swine farms, Samples were tested for Salmonella organisms, and data complied from herd information forms were examined for associated risk factors between herd characteristics and isolation of Salmonella organisms. Results-Salmonella organisms were isolated from 36 of 1,264 (2.8%) feed and feed ingredient samples and from 14 of 30 (46.7%) farms. Thirteen Salmonella sp serotypes and 2 untypeable isolates were cultured. Recovery of Salmonella organisms from at least 1 feed or feed ingredient on a farm was significantly associated with 6 herd characteristics (lack of bird-proofing, using farm-prepared feed for finishing-age pigs rather than purchased feed, and housing pigs in facilities other than total confinement in the growing, finishing, gestating, and breeding stages of production, respectively). Isolation or Salmonella so was not associated with a history of salmonellosis on a farm. Clinical Implications-Salmonella organisms were readily isolated from samples of feed and feed ingredients, illustrating that salmonellae are ubiquitous in a farm environment. implementing sanitary and pest-control measures continues to be a prudent recommendation, Salmonella serotypes found in feed and feed ingredients have the potential to cause disease in pigs that consume The feed or, ultimately, in people that consume pork. C1 ARS,ENTER DIS & FOOD SAFETY RES UNIT,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,USDA,AMES,IA 50010. USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,FSIS,AMES,IA 50010. USDA,NATL VET SERV LABS,APHIS,AMES,IA 50010. NR 25 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 1 PY 1997 VL 210 IS 3 BP 382 EP & PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WE832 UT WOS:A1997WE83200025 PM 9057923 ER PT J AU Davies, PR Morrow, WEM Jones, FT Deen, J FedorkaCray, PJ Gray, JT AF Davies, PR Morrow, WEM Jones, FT Deen, J FedorkaCray, PJ Gray, JT TI Risk of shedding Salmonella organisms by market-age hogs in a barn with open-flush gutters SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE porcine species; feces; housing; risk-factor analysis; Salmonella sp ID SWINE; TYPHIMURIUM; INFECTION; SEROVARS AB Objective-To compare prevalence of fecal shedding of Salmonella organisms and serum antibodies to Salmonella sp in market-age pigs housed in barns with partially slotted floors or solid floors with open-flush gutters. Design-Cross-sectional study of prevalence. Sample Population-Finishing-age pigs deemed by the producer to be within 1 month of slaughter. Procedure-Fecal and serum samples were obtained from a group of 121 pigs housed in barn with solid floors (31 fecal samples, 30 serum samples) and from a group of about 400 pigs housed on partially slotted floors (57 fecal samples, 64 serum samples). Fecal samples were submitted for bacteriologic culture to detect Salmonella organisms, and serum samples were tested for antibodies by use of ELISA. Results-Salmonella agona was isolated from 26 of 31(84%) fecal samples obtained from pigs housed in the open-flush gutter barn, compared with 5 of 57 (9%) fecal samples from pigs in the barn with slotted floors. Median value for optical density was higher for serum samples from pigs housed in the open-flush gutter barn. Clinical Implications-Housing of finishing-age swine in barns with open-flush gutters may contribute to increased shedding of Salmonella sp. Analysis of our observations indicated that repeated exposure to infected feces is important in prolonging fecal shedding by swine. C1 N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT ANIM SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27606. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT POULTRY SCI,RALEIGH,NC 27606. USDA,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,ENTER DIS RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. RP Davies, PR (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,COLL VET MED,DEPT FOOD ANIM & EQUINE MED,RALEIGH,NC 27606, USA. NR 34 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 1 PY 1997 VL 210 IS 3 BP 386 EP & PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA WE832 UT WOS:A1997WE83200026 PM 9057924 ER PT J AU Bischoff, DS Slavicek, JM AF Bischoff, DS Slavicek, JM TI Phenotypic and genetic analysis of Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus few polyhedra mutants: Mutations in the 25K FP gene may be caused by DNA replication errors SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SERIAL PASSAGE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; LAGGING STRANDS; CELL-CULTURE; VIRUS; BACULOVIRUS; INSERTIONS; IDENTIFICATION AB We previously demonstrated that polyhedron formation (PF) mutants arise at a high frequency during serial passage of the Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV) in the L. dispar 652Y cell line (J. M. Slavicek, N. Hayes-Plazolles, and M. E. Kelly, Biol. Control 5:251-261, 1995). Most of these PF mutants exhibited the traits of few polyhedra (FP) mutants; however, no large DNA insertions or deletions that correlated with the appearance of the FP phenotype were found, In this study, we have characterized several of the PF mutants at the phenotypic and genetic levels, Genetic techniques were used to group the mutations in the LdMNPV PF mutants to the same or closely linked genes, Wild-type viruses were recovered after coinfection of L. dispar 652Y cells with certain combinations of PF mutants, These viruses were analyzed by restriction endonuclease analysis and found to be chimeras of the original PF mutants used in the coinfections. Marker rescue experiments localized the mutations in one group of PF isolates to the region containing the LdMNPV 25K FP gene, The mutations in these PF mutants mere identified, Four of five of the LdMNPV FP mutants contain small insertions or deletions within the 25K FP gene. The fifth LdMNPV FP mutant analyzed contained a large deletion that truncated the C terminus of the 25K FP gene product, All of the deletions occurred within the same potential hairpin loop structure, which had the lowest free energy value (most stable hairpin) of the five potential hairpin loop structures present in the 25K FP gene, One of the insertion mutants contained an extra base within a repetitive sequence, These types of mutations are likely caused by errors that occur during DNA replication. The relationship between the types of mutations found within the LdMNPV 25K FP gene and DNA replication-based mutagenesis is discussed. C1 US FOREST SERV,USDA,NE FOREST EXPT STN,FORESTRY SCI LAB,DELAWARE,OH 43015. NR 40 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 71 IS 2 BP 1097 EP 1106 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA WC305 UT WOS:A1997WC30500030 PM 8995630 ER PT J AU Klein, RR King, G Moreau, RA Haas, MJ AF Klein, RR King, G Moreau, RA Haas, MJ TI Altered acyl chain length specificity of Rhizopus delemar lipase through mutagenesis and molecular modeling SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID HUMICOLA-LANUGINOSA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SELECTIVITY; EXPRESSION; INTERFACE; ENZYMES AB The acyl binding site of Rhizopus delemar prolipase and mature lipase was altered through site-directed mutagenesis to improve lipase specificity for short- or medium-chain length fatty acids. Computer-generated structural models of R. delemar lipase were used in mutant protein design and in the interpretation of the catalytic properties of the resulting recombinant enzymes. Molecular dynamics simulations of the double mutant, va1209trp + phe112trp, predicted that the introduction of trp112 and trp209 in the acyl binding groove would sterically hinder the docking of fatty acids longer than butyric acid. Assayed against a mixture of triacylglycerol substrates, the va1209trp + phe112trp mature lipase mutant showed an 80-fold increase in the hydrolysis of tributyrin relative to the hydrolysis of tricaprylin while no triolein hydrolysis was detected. By comparison, the val94Trp mutant, predicted to pose steric or geometric constraints for docking fatty acids longer than caprylic acid in the acyl binding groove, resulted in a modest 1.4-fold increase in tricaprylin hydrolysis relative to the hydrolysis of tributyrin. Molecular models of the double mutant phe95asp + phe214arg indicated the creation of a salt bridge between asp95 and arg214 across the distal end of the acyl binding groove. When challenged with a mixture of triacylglycerols, the phe95asp + phe214arg substitutions resulted in an enzyme with 3-fold enhanced relative activity for tricaprylin compared to triolein, suggesting that structural determinants for medium-chain length specificity may reside in the distal end of the acyl binding groove. Attempts to introduce a salt bridge within 8 Angstrom of the active site by the double mutation leu146lys + ser1 15asp destroyed catalytic activity entirely. Similarly, the substitution of polar Gln at the rim of the acyl binding groove for phe112 largely eliminated catalytic activity of the lipase. RP Klein, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS,ERRC,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 27 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD FEB PY 1997 VL 32 IS 2 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1007/s11745-997-0016-1 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA WJ876 UT WOS:A1997WJ87600001 PM 9075201 ER PT J AU Kouakou, B Goetsch, AL Patil, AR Galloway, DL Park, KK AF Kouakou, B Goetsch, AL Patil, AR Galloway, DL Park, KK TI Visceral organ mass in wethers consuming diets with different forages and grain levels SO LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sheep; forage; visceral tissues; splanchnic ID AD-LIBITUM; SPLANCHNIC TISSUES; GROWING LAMBS; NET FLUX; SHEEP; HAY; NUTRIENTS; METABOLISM; NUTRITION; RUMINANTS AB Crossbred wethers (72; 33 +/- 0.6 kg live weight) were used to investigate interactions among forage source, cereal grain inclusion and level, and length of feeding on visceral tissue mass. Wethers consumed long-stemmed alfalfa ((A) Medicago sativa; early bloom), bermudagrass ((B) Cynodon dactylon; 6 to 8 weeks of regrowth) or ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum; early head emergence)-wheat (Triticum aestivum; anthesis (RW)) hay and approximately 0, 20 or 40% ground corn (0, 20 and 40, respectively) for 49 or 98 d. Digestible organic matter intake ranked (P < 0.05) B < RW < A and was increased (P < 0.05) by grain inclusion (period 1: 0.62, 0.75, 0.73, 0.28, 0.45, 0.49, 0.57, 0.57 and 0.69 kg/d; period 2: 0.73, 0.91, 0.96, 0.30, 0.49, 0.56, 0.55, 0.73 and 0.91 kg/d); mean empty body weight was 37, 40, 40, 34, 35, 36, 36, 38 and 39 kg (SE 1.2) for A-0, A-20, A-40, B-0, B-20, B-40, RW-0, RW-20 and RW-40, respectively. Total gastrointestinal tract tissue mass was lower (P < 0.06) for B than for A or RW (1.98, 2.11, 1.97, 1.69, 1.78, 1.78, 1.84, 1.93 and 1.95 kg), and epithelium comprised a greater(P < 0.05) proportion of ventral ruminal tissue for A versus RW or B (25, 27, 27, 19, 22, 21, 20, 25 and 21% for A-0, A-20, A-40, B-0, B-20, B-40, RW-0, RW-20 and RW-40, respectively). Liver mass was 0.48, 0.51, 0.57, 0.34, 0.40, 0.40, 0.41, 0.49 and 0.44 kg in period 1 (SE 0.037), and 0.53, 0.56, 0.49, 0.38, 0.41, 0.41, 0.42, 0.43 and 0.51 kg in period 2 (SE 0.022) for A-0, A-20, A-40, B-0, B-20, B-40, RW-0, RW-20 and RW-40, respectively. In conclusion, cereal grain inclusion increased digestible organic matter intake and decreased gastrointestinal tract and liver mass relative to digestible organic matter intake similarly regardless of forage source, grain level or feeding period length. Thus, effects of cereal grain inclusion on peripheral tissue energy availability should be greater than expected based on digestible organic matter intake and, relative to conditions without supplemental grain, such differences should decrease with increasing forage quality and feeding period length as digestible organic matter intake increases. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS,S CENT FAMILY FARM RES CTR,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927. UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT ANIM SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-6226 J9 LIVEST PROD SCI JI Livest. Prod. Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 47 IS 2 BP 125 EP 137 DI 10.1016/S0301-6226(96)01400-5 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WL253 UT WOS:A1997WL25300002 ER PT J AU ODonnell, K Cigelnik, E AF ODonnell, K Cigelnik, E TI Two divergent intragenomic rDNA ITS2 types within a monophyletic lineage of the fungus Fusarium are nonorthologous SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS; GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; SECTION LISEOLA; RIBOSOMAL DNA; CONCERTED EVOLUTION; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS; PERENNIAL RYEGRASS; EPICHLOE-TYPHINA; SOUTHERN-AFRICA AB The evolutionary history of the phytopathogenic Gibberella fujikuroi complex of Fusarium and related species was investigated by cladistic analysis of DNA sequences obtained from multiple unlinked loci. Gene phylogenies inferred from the mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) rDNA, nuclear 28S rDNA, and beta-tubulin gene were generally concordant, providing strong support for a fully resolved phylogeny of all biological and most morphological species. Discordance of the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) gene tree is due to paralogous or xenologous ITS2 sequences. PCR and sequence analysis demonstrated that every strain of the ingroup species tested possesses two highly divergent nonorthologous ITS2 types designated type I and type II. Only the major ITS2 type, however, is discernable when PCR products are amplified and sequenced directly with conserved primers. The minor ITS2 type was recovered using ITS2 type-specific PCR primers, Distribution of the major ITS2 type within the species lineages exhibits a homoplastic pattern of evolution, thus obscuring true phylogenetic relationships. The results suggest that the ancestral ITS2 types may have arisen following an ancient interspecific hybridization or gene duplication which occurred prior to the evolutionary radiation of the Gibberella fujikuroi complex and related species of Fusarium. The results also indicate that current morphological-based taxonomic schemes for these fungi are unnatural and a new classification is required. (C) 1997 Academic Press. RP ODonnell, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, WASHINGTON, DC 20250 USA. NR 62 TC 755 Z9 780 U1 10 U2 64 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 EI 1095-9513 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 7 IS 1 BP 103 EP 116 DI 10.1006/mpev.1996.0376 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA WN530 UT WOS:A1997WN53000010 PM 9007025 ER PT J AU Lee, IM Klopmeyer, M Bartoszyk, IM GundersenRindal, DE Chou, TS Thomson, KL Eisenreich, R AF Lee, IM Klopmeyer, M Bartoszyk, IM GundersenRindal, DE Chou, TS Thomson, KL Eisenreich, R TI Phytoplasma induced free-branching in commercial poinsettia cultivars SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phytoplasma; branching poinsettia; branching agent; poinsettia mosaic virus; nested-PCR ID GRAFT-TRANSMISSIBLE AGENT; MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS AB Free-branching poinsettia cultivars that produce numerous axillary shoots are essential for propagating desirable multi-flowered poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wild. Klotz). For more than a decade, a biological agent has been suspected to cause free-branching in poinsettias. Attempts to identify the branching agent have failed. Isolation of the pathogen was accomplished using a living host and it was concluded that an unculturable phytoplasma is the cause of free-branching in poinsettias. This is the first reported example of a pathogenic phytoplasma as the causal agent of a desirable and economically important trait. C1 BALL FLORAPLANT,W CHICAGO,IL 60185. RP Lee, IM (reprint author), ARS,MOL PLANT PATHOL LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 22 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING CO PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 15 IS 2 BP 178 EP 182 DI 10.1038/nbt0297-178 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA WE998 UT WOS:A1997WE99800027 PM 9035146 ER PT J AU McIver, JD Torgersen, TR Cimon, NJ AF McIver, JD Torgersen, TR Cimon, NJ TI A supercolony of the thatch ant Formica obscuripes Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Blue Mountains of Oregon SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RED WOOD ANT; WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; STRATEGIES; PATTERNS; RUFA AB Foliage-foraging ants have often been demonstrated to be important predators of tree defoliating insects such as western spruce budworm. Because of the importance of ants as pest suppression agents, we were interested in describing a rare supercolony of western thatching ants (Formica obscuripes Forel) from the Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon. The supercolony occupies a site within a second-growth mixed-conifer stand near Lehman Hot Springs, approximately 20 km east of Ukiah, Umatilla County, Oregon. In October 1993, the 4-hectare colony had 210 active nests, with the largest nest having an aboveground volume of 6 m(3). Location of primary nests was not related to canopy cover, although nests tended to be associated with stumps and down woody debris. Nest excavations in May and June 1995 allowed estimation of the total nestbound population for the supercolony at 56 million individuals; addition of the foraging population would increase this estimate substantially. We estimate that to maintain the current worker population the supercolony would require at least 470 kg dry weight of food from its foraging territory annually, or about 11 times the total dry weight of western spruce budworm that might typically occupy the site at any given time during an outbreak. Thatching ants may have had a significant effect on populations of defoliating insects at Lehman Hot Springs during the last western spruce budworm outbreak (1980-1992), since the forest stand occupied by the supercolony was visibly less defoliated than the surrounding mixed-conifer stands. RP McIver, JD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,BLUE MT NAT RESOURCES INST,1401 GEKELER LANE,LA GRANDE,OR 97850, USA. NR 58 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 12 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 71 IS 1 BP 18 EP 29 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WR757 UT WOS:A1997WR75700003 ER PT J AU Mertz, W AF Mertz, W TI Food fortification in the United States SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID VITAMIN AB Formulas for the fortification bf nutrients have remained essentially unchanged for the half-century in which the U.S. government has had a fortification policy in place. During that period, the classical micronutrient deficiencies have disappeared, but changes in the U.S. food supply have occurred and concerns about adequate intakes of other micronutrients have emerged. In 1974 the Food and Nutrition Board published its ''Proposed Fortification Policy for Cereal Grain Products.'' Of the six fortification endorsement conditions outlined in the policy statement, three do not meet the stated criteria or today's needs. New approaches to address this situation are proposed. C1 USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 55 IS 2 BP 44 EP 49 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WX692 UT WOS:A1997WX69200002 PM 9155217 ER PT J AU Russell, RM AF Russell, RM TI The impact of disease states as a modifying factor for nutrition toxicity SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID RETINOL; IRON AB Acquired kidney and liver diseases are relatively common diseases that can raise the potential for nutrient intoxication. For example, high-protein diets increase glomerular blood flow and the blood pressure gradient across the glomerular capillary wall in the kidney, which can result in injury to membranes. Likewise, the liver can increase nutrient intoxication because it is involved in the intermediary metabolism of many nutrients, serves as the storage organ for many nutrients, and is important in the biotransformation and excretion of nutrients. In this paper, vitamin A serves as an example to illustrate how kidney disease and liver disease can increase a single nutrient's toxicity. RP Russell, RM (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 55 IS 2 BP 50 EP 53 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WX692 UT WOS:A1997WX69200003 PM 9155218 ER PT J AU Bultman, TL Borowicz, KL Schneble, RM Coudron, TA Bush, LP AF Bultman, TL Borowicz, KL Schneble, RM Coudron, TA Bush, LP TI Effect of a fungal endophyte on the growth and survival of two Euplectrus parasitoids SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; TALL FESCUE; PLANT ALLELOCHEMICALS; COTESIA-CONGREGATA; RESISTANCE; NOCTUIDAE; GRASSES; HYMENOPTERA; ASSOCIATION; CHEMISTRY AB Presence of the endophytic fungus, Acremonium coenophialum, within tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) deters many vertebrate and invertebrate herbivores, apparently because of alkaloids produced by the grass-fungus symbiotum. In one set of experiments we tested if A. coenophialum alters the growth and survival of two parasitoids of an insect herbivore feeding on tall fescue. We fed fall armyworm [Spodoptera fruigiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] larvae tall fescue either infected or lacking its endophytic fungus and then allowed the parasitoids, Euplectrus comstockii and Euplectrus plathypenae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), to parasitize larvae. We found the presence of endophyte-infected plants in the diet of fall armyworm had a negative impact on the pupal mass of parasitoids. In contrast, developmental rate of the parasitoids was generally not affected by the fungal endophyte. Survival of neither parasitoid to the adult stage was reduced by the presence of endophyte-infected grass in the diet of fall armyworm. We also tested if effects of the fungus on E. comstockii were due to the specific alkaloids, N-acetyl and N-formyl loline, that are produced by the grass-fungus symbiotum. When added to artificial diets of fall armyworm, both lolines resulted in reduced survival of parasitoids. Overall, we found the fungus had a moderate negative impact on two natural enemies that mirrors some of the effects the fungus has on insect herbivores and that may be mediated, at least in part, by alkaloids associated with the fungus. We discuss implications of our work for the hypothesis that endophytes defend their host grasses from herbivores. C1 ALMA COLL,DEPT BIOL,ALMA,MI 48801. USDA ARS,BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65205. UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT AGRON,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. RP Bultman, TL (reprint author), NE MISSOURI STATE UNIV,DIV SCI,KIRKSVILLE,MO 63501, USA. NR 54 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 12 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD FEB PY 1997 VL 78 IS 1 BP 170 EP 176 DI 10.2307/3545812 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WJ109 UT WOS:A1997WJ10900019 ER PT J AU Graczyk, TK Cranfield, MR Fayer, R AF Graczyk, TK Cranfield, MR Fayer, R TI Recovery of waterborne oocysts of Cryptosporidium from water samples by the membrane-filter dissolution method SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GIARDIA CYSTS; RIVER WATER AB The cellulose-acetate membrane (CAM)-filter dissolution method implemented into a Millipore Glass Microanalysis system was used for recovery of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts seeded into 25 1 of drinking water in polyethylene carboy aspirator bottles. CAM-entrapped oocysts were detected by immunofluorescence microscopy. From 65 to 94 oocysts/l (mean 75 oocysts/l), 34.7% overall of the inoculated oocysts, were unrecovered as determined after the water had been drained from the bottle, rinsed with 1 1 of eluting fluid (EF), and CAM-filtered. Efficiency rates of oocyst recovery ranged from 24.0% to 64.0% (mean 44.1%), without the use of EF and from 72.1% to 82.3% (mean 78.8%) when EF was used. To ensure a high recovery efficiency of Cryptosporidium oocysts from sampled water by the CAM-filter dissolution method, it is recommended that 1 1 of EF per 25 1 of water be used. C1 BALTIMORE ZOO,DEPT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21217. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT PATHOL,DIV COMPARAT MED,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,IMMUN & DIS PREVENT LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Graczyk, TK (reprint author), JOHNS HOPKINS MED INST,SCH HYG & PUBL HLTH,DEPT MOL MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,615 N WOLFE ST,BALTIMORE,MD 21205, USA. NR 17 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0044-3255 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 83 IS 2 BP 121 EP 125 DI 10.1007/s004360050221 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA WF292 UT WOS:A1997WF29200003 PM 9039693 ER PT J AU Sauerwald, TU Hachey, DL Jensen, CL Chen, HM Anderson, RE Heird, WC AF Sauerwald, TU Hachey, DL Jensen, CL Chen, HM Anderson, RE Heird, WC TI Intermediates in endogenous synthesis of C22:6 omega 3 and C20:4 omega 6 by term and preterm infants SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACIDS; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; LINOLENIC ACIDS; RAT-LIVER; DESATURATION; METABOLISM AB An alternative pathway of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acid metabolism has been described in isolated rat hepatocytes and human fibroblasts. This alternative pathway, which is independent of Delta(4) desaturation, involves elongation of C22:5 omega 3 and C22:4 omega 6 to C24 fatty acids, Delta(6) desaturation of the C24 fatty acids and subsequent beta oxidation of the desaturated products to C22:6 omega 3 and C22:5 omega 6. To determine whether this alternative pathway is operative in the human infant and also to obtain additional information concerning endogenous conversion of C18:3 omega 3 and C18:2 omega 6 to longer chain more unsaturated fatty acids, presence of [M + 18] isotopomers of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids in the plasma phospholipid fraction of term and preterm infants after administration of [U-C-13]18:3 omega 3 and [U-C-13]18:2 omega 6 was determined by negative chemical ionization gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. [M + 18] isotopomers of the following omega 3 fatty acids were detected: C18:3, C18:4, C20:3, C20:4, C20:5, C22:4, C22:5, C22:6, C24:4 (two infants only), C24:5, and C24:6. [M + 18] isotopomers of omega 6 fatty acids detected included only C18:2, C18:3, C20:2, C20:3, and C20:4, but sensitivity was insufficient to detect [M + 18] isotopomers of C22 and C24 omega 6 fatty acids. Presence of [M + 18] isotopomers of C24:5 omega 3 and C24:60 omega 3 indicates that these fatty acids were synthesized endogenously from C18:3 omega 3. This plus the in vitro data strongly suggests that infants use the recently described alternative pathway in endogenous synthesis of C22:6 omega 3. However, involvement also of Delta(4) desaturation cannot be excluded. Detection of [M + 18] isotopomers of C20:3 omega 3, C20:2 omega 6, and C22:4 omega 3 suggests that C18:3 omega 3, C18:2 omega 6, and C20:4 omega 3 are elongated as well as desaturated. The specific fate of these elongation products and their importance in endogenous synthesis of omega 3 and omega 6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids remain to be determined. C1 USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT OPHTHALMOL,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT BIOCHEM,HOUSTON,TX 77030. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY00871, EY04149] NR 23 TC 110 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 41 IS 2 BP 183 EP 187 DI 10.1203/00006450-199702000-00005 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA WF273 UT WOS:A1997WF27300005 PM 9029636 ER PT J AU Lasat, MM DiTomaso, JM Hart, JJ Kochian, LV AF Lasat, MM DiTomaso, JM Hart, JJ Kochian, LV TI Evidence for vacuolar sequestration of paraquat in roots of a paraquat-resistant Hordeum glaucum biotype SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE compartmentation analysis; Hordeum glaucum; paraquat resistance; paraquat transport; plasma membrane; tonoplast; vacuolar sequestration ID INTACT MAIZE SEEDLINGS; RAT LUNG; TRANSPORT; PUTRESCINE; ACCUMULATION; MECHANISM; FLUXES; COMPARTMENTATION; TRANSLOCATION; TOLERANT AB Paraquat resistance in the grass weed Hordeum glaucum Steud. has been proposed to result from herbicide sequestration away from the growing points. In the present study, we used roots as a model system to investigate cellular transport of paraquat in resistant (R) and susceptible (S) H. glaucum biotypes. Both time- and concentration-dependent kinetics of paraquat influx across the root cell plasma membrane were similar in the S and R biotype. However, compartmentation analysis indicated greater herbicide accumulation in root vacuoles of the R seedlings. In contrast, the amount of paraquat accumulated in the cytoplasm of S was double that found in R biotype. While paraquat efflux from the cytoplasm back into the external solution was similar in the two biotypes, efflux across the tonoplast from the vacuole back into the cytoplasm was 5 times slower in the R than in the S biotype. At the end of a 48-h efflux period, nearly 7-fold more herbicide was retained in the roots of the R compared with those of the S biotype. These results suggest that paraquat resistance in H. glaucum may be due to the herbicide sequestration in the vacuole. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT VEGETABLE CROPS,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP Lasat, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 33 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 99 IS 2 BP 255 EP 262 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1997.990207.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WH895 UT WOS:A1997WH89500007 ER PT J AU Woloshuk, CP Cavaletto, JR Cleveland, TE AF Woloshuk, CP Cavaletto, JR Cleveland, TE TI Inducers of aflatoxin biosynthesis from colonized maize kernels are generated by an amylase activity from Aspergillus flavus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-AMYLASE; EAR ROT; PARASITICUS; GENE; RESISTANCE; INHIBITOR; PURIFICATION; INDUCTION; CLONING; SEEDS AB Aflatoxin biosynthesis was induced by compounds in filtrates (EF) obtained from cultures consisting of ground maize kernels colonized by Aspergillus flavus. The inducing activity increased to a maximum at 4 days of incubation and then decreased. Amylase activity was detected in the EF, suggesting that the inducers are products of starch degradation (glucose, maltose, and maltotriose). Analysis of the enzyme by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis indicated a single alpha-amylase with a pI of 4.3. No maltase or amyloglucosidase was detected in the EF. High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of the EF indicated the presence of glucose, maltose, and maltotriose in near-equal molar concentrations (about 15 mM). With a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter assay consisting of A. flavus transformed with an aflatoxin gene promoter-GUS reporter gene fusion to monitor induction of aflatoxin biosynthesis, the minimum concentration of glucose, maltose, or maltotriose that induced measurable GUS activity was determined to be 1 mM. These results support the hypothesis that the best inducers of aflatoxin biosynthesis are carbon sources readily metabolized via glycolysis. They also suggest that alpha-amylase produced by A. flavus has a role in the induction of aflatoxin biosynthesis in infected maize kernels. C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,DEPT AGR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP Woloshuk, CP (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 36 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 1997 VL 87 IS 2 BP 164 EP 169 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.2.164 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN265 UT WOS:A1997XN26500007 PM 18945137 ER PT J AU Schisler, DA Slininger, PJ Bothast, RJ AF Schisler, DA Slininger, PJ Bothast, RJ TI Effects of antagonist cell concentration and two-strain mixtures on biological control of Fusarium dry rot of potatoes SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Enterobacter cloacae; Pantoea agglomerans; Pseudomonas corrugata; Pseudomonas fluorescens ID DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS; SUPPRESS TAKE-ALL; GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; POSTHARVEST DISEASES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; OXYSPORUM FO47; SAMBUCINUM; RESISTANCE; TUBERS AB Eighteen bacterial strains were individually assayed against Gibberella pulicaris (5 x 10(5) conidia per ml) by coinoculating antagonist and pathogen in wounds in cv. Russet Burbank potatoes. All antagonist concentrations (10(6), 10(7), and 10(8) CFU/ml) decreased disease (38 to 76% versus control, P < 0.05). When four strains were assayed at 11 concentrations (range 10(5) to 10(8) CFU/ml) against G. pulicaris, linear regression of the log-dose, log-response data was significant for all four strains (P < 0.001 to 0.01, R-2 = 0.50 to 0.74). Challenging G. pulicaris with all possible antagonist pairings within 2 sets of 10 antagonist strains (5 x 10(5) CFU of each strain per ml) resulted in 16 of 90 pairs controlling disease better than predicted based on averaging the performance of the individual strains making up the pair (P < 0.10). Successful pairs reduced disease by similar to 70% versus controls, a level of control comparable to that obtained with 100 times the inoculum dose of a single antagonist strain. Neither strain genus nor soil of origin were useful in predicting successful antagonist pairs. Factors potentially influencing dose-response relationships and the effectiveness of antagonist pairs in controlling disease are discussed. RP Schisler, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 46 TC 77 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD FEB PY 1997 VL 87 IS 2 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1997.87.2.177 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN265 UT WOS:A1997XN26500009 PM 18945139 ER PT J AU Marr, DL Devine, TE Parker, MA AF Marr, DL Devine, TE Parker, MA TI Nodulation restrictive genotypes of Glycine and Amphicarpaea: A comparative analysis SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE Bradyrhizobium; legume; nitrogen fixation; soybean; symbiosis ID RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; BRADYRHIZOBIA; PHYLOGENY; STRAINS; RJ4 AB Several genes that restrict nodulation with specific Bradyrhizobium strains are known in Glycine max (soybean), and a similar system of nodulation restriction has recently been discovered in the related North American legume Amphicarpaea bracteata. We analyzed how nodulation-restrictive genotypes of each plant interacted with Bradyrhizobium strains sampled from the other host species. Ten bacterial isolates from A. bracteata that nodulated differentially with genotypes of their homologous host legume showed uniform responses to two soybean isogenic lines that differed at the Rj4 locus controlling nodulation restriction: all isolates formed nodules of normal size and morphology on both isolines. However, little or no nitrogen fixation occurred in any of these symbioses. A. bracteata genotypes that displayed broad vs. restricted symbiotic phenotypes toward naturally-associated bradyrhizobia were also tested with two bacterial isolates from soybean (USDA 76 and USDA 123). Both isolates formed nodules and fixed nitrogen in association with both A. bracteata genotypes. However, symbiotic effectiveness (as measured by acetylene reduction assays) was normal only for the combination of USDA 76 with the restrictive A. bracteata genotype. Overall, these results indicate that plant genes that restrict nodulation by certain naturally-associated bradyrhizobia do not confer comparable specificity when plants interact with bacteria from another related legume species. C1 SUNY BINGHAMTON,DEPT BIOL SCI,BINGHAMTON,NY 13902. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST PLANT SCI,PLANT MOL BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD FEB PY 1997 VL 189 IS 2 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1023/A:1004203018770 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA XJ609 UT WOS:A1997XJ60900002 ER PT J AU Wilson, KB Bunce, JA AF Wilson, KB Bunce, JA TI Effects of carbon dioxide concentration on the interactive effects of temperature and water vapour on stomatal conductance in soybean SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; atmospheric CO2; climate change; conductance models; stomatal conductance; temperature; transpiration; vapour pressure deficit ID TRANSPIRATION RATE; CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; USE EFFICIENCY; ELEVATED CO2; HUMIDITY; RESPONSES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ASSIMILATION; MODEL AB Soybeans were grown at three CO2 concentrations in outdoor growth chambers and at two concentrations in controlled-environment growth chambers to investigate the interactive effects of CO2, temperature and leaf-to-air vapour pressure difference (LAVPD) on stomatal conductance, The decline in stomatal conductance with CO2 was a function of both leaf temperature and LAVPD. In the field measurements, stomatal conductance was more sensitive to LAVPD at low CO2 at 30 degrees C but not at 35 degrees C, There was also a direct increase in conductance with temperature, which was greater at the two elevated carbon dioxide concentrations, Environmental growth chamber results showed that the relative stomatal sensitivity to LAVPD decreased with both leaf temperature and CO2. Measurements in the environmental growth chamber mere also performed at the opposing CO2, and these experiments indicate that the stomatal sensitivity to LAVPD was determined more by growth CO2 than by measurement CO2. Two models that describe stomatal responses to LAVPD were compared with the outdoor data to evaluate whether these models described adequately the interactive effects of CO2, LAVPD and temperature. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT METEOROL,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX2 0NE SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 20 IS 2 BP 230 EP 238 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-58.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WJ464 UT WOS:A1997WJ46400009 ER PT J AU Onsando, JM Wargo, PM Waudo, SW AF Onsando, JM Wargo, PM Waudo, SW TI Distribution, severity, and spread of Armillaria root disease in Kenya tea plantations SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE inoculum sources AB Surveys for Armillaria root disease severity were conducted over a 5-year period in small tea farms (0.5 to 1.0 ha) in the 12 tea-growing districts of Kenya. The disease occurred in all tea districts, but severity was greater in the districts east of the Rift Valley. Disease severity was associated with relative amounts of residual woody debris, especially roots, from trees and shrubs present when the land was converted to tea plantations. Excavation of tea bushes in disease centers showed that infection of tea bushes occurred primarily by mycelial growth from residual tree roots and from infected tea roots rather than from rhizomorphs. Rhizomorphs were scarce, and rarely involved in infection. They were confined mostly to the surface of the residual tree roots and were found growing freely in the soil in only one tea district. Rhizomorphs were more abundant in higher elevation plantations than in lower elevation plantations, where they occurred only on residual tree roots in the deeper, cooler, moister levels of the soil. Inoculum from residual tree debris in the soil was the most important source of infection in plantations of seed origin. Secondary spread from infected tea plants to healthy ones was limited and disease centers were small. In tea plantations derived from clonal cuttings, secondary disease spread from infected to healthy tea plants was more important resulting in large disease centers or gaps due to plant death and removal. Currently, soil sanitation by thorough removal of roots of forest trees and prompt removal of infected tea bushes is the best available management practice. C1 NE FOREST EXPT STN,HAMDEN,CT 06514. BROOKE BOND KENYA LTD,KERICHO,KENYA. KENYATTA UNIV,NAIROBI,KENYA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 81 IS 2 BP 133 EP 137 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.2.133 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN278 UT WOS:A1997XN27800002 ER PT J AU Hadidi, A Giunchedi, L Shamloul, AM PoggiPollini, C Amer, MA AF Hadidi, A Giunchedi, L Shamloul, AM PoggiPollini, C Amer, MA TI Occurrence of peach latent mosaic viroid in stone fruits and its transmission with contaminated blades SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE certification; nucleotide sequence; quarantine ID DISEASE; CITRUS AB Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) is widely distributed (approximately 55%) in peach germplasm from Europe, Asia, North America, and South America. PLMVd, or a closely related viroid, was occasionally detected in cherry, plum, and apricot germplasm from countries in Europe or Asia. The cherry isolate of PLMVd is 337 nucleotides in length and is 91 to 92% homologous to PLMVd isolates from peach. Molecular hybridization experiments demonstrated that PLMVd is not related to the agent of peach mosaic disease. PLMVd was readily transmitted (50 to 70%) by contaminated blades to green shoots and lignified stems of peach GF-305 plants. These results indicate that the viroid may be transmitted in orchards with contaminated pruning equipment. C1 IST PATAL VEGETALE, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. RP Hadidi, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL GERMPLASM RESOURCES LAB, BLDG 011A, RM 106, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 81 IS 2 BP 154 EP 158 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.2.154 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN278 UT WOS:A1997XN27800006 ER PT J AU Pan, YB Grisham, MP Burner, DM AF Pan, YB Grisham, MP Burner, DM TI A polymerase chain reaction protocol for the detection of Xanthomonas albilineans, the causal agent of sugarcane leaf scald disease SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SPACER REGION; DNA FRAGMENTS; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISMS; AMPLIFICATION; LOUISIANA; SEQUENCES; BACTERIA; STRAINS AB A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol was developed that amplified a 360-bp DNA product unique to Xanthomonas albilineans (Xa), the causal agent of sugarcane leaf scald disease. The assay utilizes previously described PCR primers that target the intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) region between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes. Primer pair Ala4/L1 allowed amplification of a 360-bp DNA fragment from 71 Xa strains including representatives of serovars I, II, and III. Fragments of different sizes were also amplified from three unidentified saprophytic bacteria from sugarcane. Xa could be detected at a lower bacterial concentration with the PCR protocol than with a serological dot blot assay. With PCR, as little as 1.25 pg of Xa genomic DNA (125 fg if followed by Southern blot hybridization), or as few as 0 to 5 CFU of Xa per reaction were detected from infected sugarcane sap and leaf diffusate. Five CFU of Xa per reaction were detected from suspension culture. The PCR protocol provides a rapid, reliable, and economical tool for routine detection and identification of Xa. RP Pan, YB (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,SUGARCANE RES UNIT,POB 470,HOUMA,LA 70361, USA. NR 39 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 81 IS 2 BP 189 EP 194 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.2.189 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN278 UT WOS:A1997XN27800014 ER PT J AU Marcon, A Kaeppler, SM Jensen, SG AF Marcon, A Kaeppler, SM Jensen, SG TI Genetic variability among maize inbred lines for resistance to the high plains virus wheat streak mosaic virus complex SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB High plains virus (HPV) is a pathogen that causes a severe disease, especially in susceptible corn genotypes. The virus is transmitted by the eriophyid mite Aceria tosichella, which also transmits wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). This often results in a mixed infection by these two viruses. Genetic variability for resistance to the HPV exists among maize inbred lines but has not been characterized. The disease reaction of 30 maize inbred lines to the mixed infection and to WSMV alone was characterized in this study. Evaluation was based on symptom expression and virus titer (HPV and WSMV), as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All lines showed some HPV symptoms, which ranged from a few visible spots to rapid plant death. HPV-resistant inbreds include B73 and B14. Susceptible inbreds include W64A, Wf9, H100, N213, N215, and N194. Five of the six inbreds most severely affected by HPV also had a high WSMV titer, although they displayed few symptoms when inoculated with WSMV alone. Inbred N194 was one of the genotypes most susceptible to HPV, but it showed no detectable WSMV titer. Seedlings of highly susceptible genotypes often died within 2 weeks of infection. C1 UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT AGRON,MADISON,WI 53706. UNIV NEBRASKA,DEPT AGRON,LINCOLN,NE 68583. USDA ARS,WHEAT SORGHUM & FORAGE RES UNIT,LINCOLN,NE 68583. OI Kaeppler, Shawn/0000-0002-5964-1668 NR 22 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 81 IS 2 BP 195 EP 198 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.2.195 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN278 UT WOS:A1997XN27800015 ER PT J AU Wilson, CL Solar, JM ElGhaouth, A Wisniewski, ME AF Wilson, CL Solar, JM ElGhaouth, A Wisniewski, ME TI Rapid evaluation of plant extracts and essential oils for antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; natural fungicides; volatiles AB A rapid assay to determine antifungal activity in plant extracts and essential oils is described. Wells in microtiter plates were loaded with Botrytis cinerea spores and plant extracts or essential oils. Subsequent changes in optical density following spore germination in the wells was measured after 24 h using an automatic microtiter plate reader driven by a software program developed for this purpose. Extracts from 345 plants and 49 essential oils were evaluated for their antifungal activity against B. cinerea. Among 345 plant extracts analyzed, 13 showed high levels of antifungal activity, with species of Allium and Capsicum predominating. Among the 49 essential oils tested, palmarosa (Cymbopogon martini), red thyme (Thymus zygis), cinnamon leaf (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), and clove buds (Eugenia caryophyllata) demonstrated the most antifungal activity against B. cinerea. The most frequently occurring constituents in essential oils showing high antifungal activity were: D-limonene, cineole; beta-myrcene; alpha-pinene, beta-pinene; and camphor. RP Wilson, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS,APPALACHIAN FRUIT RES STN,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 11 TC 193 Z9 230 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 81 IS 2 BP 204 EP 210 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.2.204 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN278 UT WOS:A1997XN27800017 ER PT J AU Sdoodee, R Teakle, DS Louie, R AF Sdoodee, R Teakle, DS Louie, R TI Preliminary identification of maize stripe tenuivirus in Thailand. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS C1 UNIV QUEENSLAND,BRISBANE,QLD 4072,AUSTRALIA. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,WOOSTER,OH 44691. ARS,USDA,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP Sdoodee, R (reprint author), PRINCE SONGKLA UNIV,HAT YAI 90110,THAILAND. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 81 IS 2 BP 228 EP 228 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.2.228B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN278 UT WOS:A1997XN27800026 ER PT J AU Timper, P Brodie, BB AF Timper, P Brodie, BB TI First report of Pratylenchus neglectus in New York. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article RP Timper, P (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 81 IS 2 BP 228 EP 228 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.2.228C PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN278 UT WOS:A1997XN27800027 ER PT J AU Wisler, GC Widner, JN Duffus, JE Liu, HY Sears, JL AF Wisler, GC Widner, JN Duffus, JE Liu, HY Sears, JL TI A new report of rhizomania and other furoviruses infecting sugar beet in Minnesota. SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article C1 SO MINNESOTA BEET SUGAR COOPERAT,RENVILLE,MN 56284. RP Wisler, GC (reprint author), ARS,USDA,1636 E ALISAL ST,SALINAS,CA 93905, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 81 IS 2 BP 229 EP 229 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1997.81.2.229D PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XN278 UT WOS:A1997XN27800032 ER PT J AU Moehs, CP Allen, PV Friedman, M Belknap, WR AF Moehs, CP Allen, PV Friedman, M Belknap, WR TI Cloning and expression of solanidine UDP-glucose glucosyltransferase from potato SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELICITOR ARACHIDONIC-ACID; A REDUCTASE GENES; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; GLYCOALKALOIDS; YEAST; PLANTS; MUTANT; GALACTOSE; SEQUENCE AB A cDNA encoding solanidine glucosyltransferase (SGT) was isolated from potato. The cDNA was selected from a yeast expression library using a positive selection based on the higher toxicity of steroidal alkaloid aglycons relative to their associated glycosylated forms. The cDNA contained an open reading frame encoding a 56 kDa polypeptide with regions of similarity to previously characterized UDP-glucosyltransferases. The enzyme activity and reaction products of recombinant SGT in yeast were consistent with those observed for the endogenous enzyme from potato. SGT mRNA and protein accumulated in tubers in response to wounding. The time course for SGT mRNA accumulation paralleled that of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzymeA isoform 1 (hmg1) mRNA. Steady-state SGT mRNA levels also increased transiently upon wounding of leaves. C1 USDA ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. RI Belknap, William/B-4500-2009; OI Moehs, Charles Paul/0000-0002-8907-4852; Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 39 TC 91 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0960-7412 EI 1365-313X J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 11 IS 2 BP 227 EP 236 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.1997.11020227.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WL121 UT WOS:A1997WL12100006 PM 9076990 ER PT J AU Wisniewski, M Lindow, SE Ashworth, EN AF Wisniewski, M Lindow, SE Ashworth, EN TI Observations of ice nucleation and propagation in plants using infrared video thermography SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FROST INJURY; ACTIVE BACTERIA; TREES; FIELD; FRUIT; TEMPERATURE; TISSUES; PEACH; BUDS; STEM AB We evaluated the use of infrared (IR) video thermography to observe directly ice nucleation and propagation in plants. An imaging radiometer with an HgCdTe long-wave (8-12 mu m) detector was utilized to image the thermal response of plants during freezing. IR images were analyzed in real time and recorded on videotape. Information on the videotape was subsequently accessed and analyzed utilizing IR image analysis software. Freezing of water droplets as small as 0.5 mu L was clearly detectable with the radiometer. Additionally, a comparison of temperature tracking data collected by the radiometer with data collected with thermocouples showed close correspondence. Monitoring of an array of plant species under different freezing conditions revealed that ice nucleation and propagation are readily observable by thermal imaging. In many instances, the ice nucleation-active bacterium Pseudomonas syringae placed on test plants could be seen to initiate freezing of the whole plant. Apparent ice nucleation by intrinsic nucleators, despite the presence of ice nucleation-active bacteria, was also evident in some species. Floral bud tissues of peach (Prunus persica) could be seen to supercool below the temperature of stem tissues, and ice nucleation at the site of insertion of the thermocouple was frequently observed. Rates of propagation of ice in different tissues were also easily measured by thermal imaging. This study demonstrates that IR thermography is an excellent method for studying ice nucleation and propagation in plants. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PLANT & MICROBIAL BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. PURDUE UNIV,DEPT HORT,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP Wisniewski, M (reprint author), USDA ARS,45 WILTSHIRE RD,KEARNEYSVILLE,WV 25430, USA. NR 35 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 113 IS 2 BP 327 EP 334 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WH572 UT WOS:A1997WH57200004 ER PT J AU Suttle, JC AF Suttle, JC TI Identification and characterization of linoleic acid as an endogenous modulator of in vitro N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid binding SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AUXIN-TRANSPORT; FATTY-ACIDS; HYPOCOTYL SEGMENTS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; RECEPTOR; INHIBITORS; LIPIDS AB An endogenous inhibitor of the in vitro binding of the phytotropin N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid to microsomal membranes was detected in extracts prepared from etiolated pea (Pisum sativum L.) epicotyls. Following extensive purification, the inhibitor was identified as linoleic acid. Authentic linoleic acid inhibited N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid binding noncompetitively in a dose-dependent manner, exhibiting a 50% inhibitory concentration of approximately 24 mu M Using a variety of fatty acids and their derivatives, this inhibition was found to exhibit strict structural requirements, with both linoleic and linolenic acids being the most inhibitory. A variety of membrane-solubilizing detergents elicited no such inhibitory activity when tested at equivalent concentrations. The possible physiological significance of this interaction is discussed and it is proposed that linoleic acid serves as an intracellular modulator of phytotropin binding and therefore polar auxin transport. RP Suttle, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, NO CROP SCI LAB, STATE UNIV STN, POB 5677, FARGO, ND 58105 USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 113 IS 2 BP 519 EP 525 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WH572 UT WOS:A1997WH57200026 ER PT J AU Eckardt, NA Snyder, GW Portis, AR Ogren, WL AF Eckardt, NA Snyder, GW Portis, AR Ogren, WL TI Growth and photosynthesis under high and low irradiance of Arabidopsis thaliana antisense mutants with reduced ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase content SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBULOSE-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; TOBACCO NICOTIANA-TABACUM; RUBISCO ACTIVASE; RIBULOSEBISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; OXYGENASE ACTIVATION; LIGHT-INTENSITY; C-3 PLANTS; TRANSFORMATION; LEAVES; CO2 AB Photosynthesis and growth to maturity of antisense ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activase Arabidopsis thaliana with reduced concentrations of activase relative to wild-type (Wt) plants were measured under low (200 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) and high (600 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) photosynthetic photon flux density growing conditions. Both growth and photosynthesis were significantly reduced in an Arabidopsis clone (R100) with 30 to 40% Wt activase, an effect that was more pronounced in high light. The aboveground biomass of the antisense clone R100 reached 80% of Wt under low light and 65% of Wt under high light. Decreased growth in the antisense plants was attributed to reduced relative rates of growth and leaf area expansion early in development; all plants attained similar values of relative rates of growth and leaf elongation by 21 d after planting. Reductions in photosynthesis were attributed to decreased Rubisco activation in the antisense plants. Rubisco constituted about 40% of total soluble protein in both Wt and clone R100 under both light regimes. Activase content was 5% and 1.4% of total soluble protein in Wt and clone R100, respectively, and also was unaffected by growth irradiance. The stoichiometry of Rubisco to activase was estimated at 20 Rubisco active sites per activase tetramer in Wt Arabidopsis and 60 to 80 in the transgenic clone R100. We conclude that Wt Arabidopsis does not contain Rubisco activase in great excess of the amount required for optimal growth. C1 USDA ARS,PHOTOSYNTH RES UNIT,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PLANT BIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. NR 48 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 113 IS 2 BP 575 EP 586 DI 10.1104/pp.113.2.575 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA WH572 UT WOS:A1997WH57200031 PM 9046598 ER PT J AU Solomos, T Gross, KC AF Solomos, T Gross, KC TI Effects of hypoxia on respiration and the onset of senescence in cut carnation flowers (Dianthus caryophyllus L) SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ATP; hypoxia; ethylene; respiration; silver thiosulfate (STS) ID OXYGEN; ETHYLENE; INDUCTION; STRESS; ANOXIA AB Oxygen concentrations ranging between 1.62 and 5.01 kPa O-2 reduced the rate of CO2 evolution in cut carnation flowers (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) and, more importantly, delayed the onset of senescence. The suppressive effects of low O-2 on respiration could not be ascribed to the restriction of mitochondrial terminal oxidases. An O-2 concentration of 2.02 kPa totally suppressed the onset of the climacteric rise in CO2 evolution and increased the vase life of flowers twofold over that of flowers treated with STS, indicating that the retarding effects of hypoxia on the onset of senescence transcend its inhibitory effects on the action of C2H4. Hypoxia diminished the effects of exogenously applied C2H4 on the rate of CO2 evolution and appeared to retard the rate at which the usual morphological symptoms associated with petal senescence occurred. Rapid wilting, concomitant with the climacteric, was a facet of C2H4 action and coincided with a decrease in water uptake. The latter could not be ascribed to the obstruction of vascular bundles but rather to the inability of petals to absorb water. It is suggested that the sudden increase in water loss may be the result of an C2H4-induced increase in hydraulic conductivity of the petals. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,HORT CROPS QUAL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Solomos, T (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT HORT & LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742, USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 10 IS 2 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(96)01305-1 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA WN463 UT WOS:A1997WN46300004 ER PT J AU Shellie, KC Mangan, RL Ingle, SJ AF Shellie, KC Mangan, RL Ingle, SJ TI Tolerance of grapefruit and Mexican fruit fly larvae to heated controlled atmospheres SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Citrus paradisi Macf; phytosanitary; quarantine ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; AIR TREATMENT; TEPHRITIDAE; TEMPERATURE; RESPONSES; DIPTERA; OXYGEN AB The potential for disinfesting grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) of Mexican fruit fly by heating the fruit in a controlled atmosphere was evaluated by comparing larval mortality and fruit quality after heat treatments with or without altered levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The mortality of third instar, Anastrepha ludens (Loew) larvae was significantly higher when larvae were heated at 44 degrees C in 1% oxygen for 2 h than when larvae were heated for the same amount of time at the same temperature in air or in air enriched to 20% carbon dioxide. Reducing the concentration of oxygen to 1 from 21% (air) during a heat treatment resulted in a 30% shorter exposure time (3.5 vs. 5 h) to achieve 100% larval mortality. The concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide inside the grapefruit during exposure to 46 degrees C were significantly different when the fruit were exposed to low oxygen, air, or high carbon dioxide during heating. Inconsistent fruit duality results warrant further study to optimize controlled atmosphere conditions during heating. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Shellie, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS,CROP QUAL & FRUIT INSECT RES UNIT,2301 S INT BLVD,WESLACO,TX 78596, USA. NR 18 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 10 IS 2 BP 179 EP 186 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(96)01306-3 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA WN463 UT WOS:A1997WN46300008 ER PT J AU Kubena, LF Edrington, TS Harvey, RB Phillips, TD Sarr, AB Rottinghaus, GE AF Kubena, LF Edrington, TS Harvey, RB Phillips, TD Sarr, AB Rottinghaus, GE TI Individual and combined effects of fumonisin B-1 present in Fusarium moniliforme culture material and diacetoxyscirpenol or ochratoxin A in turkey poults SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fumonisin; diacetoxyscirpenol; ochratoxin; toxicity; turkey ID SODIUM CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE; BROILER-CHICKENS; T-2 TOXIN; COMBINED TOXICITY; GROWING CHICKS; FEED REFUSAL; AFLATOXIN; COMBINATION; MYCOTOXICOSIS; ACID AB The individual and combined effects of feeding diets containing 300 mg fumonisin B-1 (FB1), and 4 mg diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) or 3 mg ochratoxin A (OA) were evaluated in two experiments using female turkey poults (Nicholas Large Whites) from day of hatch to 3 wk of age. When compared with controls, body weight gains were reduced 30% (Study 1) and 24% (Study 2) by FB1, 30% by DAS, 8% by OA, 46% by the FB1 and DAS combination, and 37% by the FB1 and OA combination. The efficiency of feed utilization was adversely affected by all treatments except FB1 in Experiment 2. Relative weights of the liver were significantly increased by all treatments except the DAS treatment. Serum concentrations of cholesterol were decreased and activities of aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase were increased and several hematological values were altered in poults fed FB1 alone and in combination with either DAS or OA. Results indicate additive or less than additive toxicity, but not toxic synergy, when poults are fed diets containing 300 mg FB1, and 4 mg DAS or 3 mg OA/kg of diet. The likelihood of encountering FB1, DAS, or OA at these concentrations in finished feed is small. However, under field conditions, other stress factors could alter the impact of these mycotoxins on the health and performance of poultry. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT VET PUBL HLTH,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. UNIV MISSOURI,COLL VET MED,VET MED DIAGNOST LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP Kubena, LF (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 61 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 76 IS 2 BP 256 EP 264 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WL297 UT WOS:A1997WL29700006 PM 9057204 ER PT J AU Kubena, LF Harvey, RB Buckley, SA Edrington, TS Rottinghaus, GE AF Kubena, LF Harvey, RB Buckley, SA Edrington, TS Rottinghaus, GE TI Individual and combined effects of moniliformin present in Fusarium fujikuroi culture material and aflatoxin in broiler chicks SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE moniliformin; aflatoxin; mycotoxin; toxicity; broiler ID TURKEY POULTS; T-2 TOXIN; NATURAL OCCURRENCE; VAR-SUBGLUTINANS; TOXICITY; CORN; FUMONISIN-B(1) AB The individual and combined effects of feeding diets containing 100 mg moniliformin (M) and 3.5 mg aflatoxins (AF)/kg of diet were evaluated in male broiler chicks from day of hatch to 3 wk of age. When compared with controls, BW gains were reduced 29% by M, 13% by AF, and 33% by the M and AF combination. The efficiency of feed utilization was adversely affected by M independent of AF. Feeding M resulted in decreased relative weights of the bursa of Fabricius and increased relative weights of the heart, increased serum concentrations of creatinine and calcium, increased activities of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase, and changes in hematological values. Feeding AF resulted in increased relative weights of the kidney and heart, decreased serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, cholesterol, and calcium, and decreased mean corpuscular volume. Feeding the combination of M and AF resulted in increased relative weights of the heart, decreased serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, and inorganic phosphorus, increased concentrations of creatinine and activity of alanine aminotransferase, and changes in hematological values. Results indicate additive or less than additive toxicity, but not toxic synergy, for most parameters when chicks are fed diets containing the combination of 100 mg M and 3.5 mg AF/kg of diet. The likelihood of encountering these high concentrations of these mycotoxins in finished feed is small; however, additional data on the naturally occurring concentrations of M are necessary before the importance of this mycotoxin to the poultry industry can be assessed. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,COLL VET MED,VET MED DIAGNOST LAB,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP Kubena, LF (reprint author), USDA ARS,FOOD ANIM PROTECT RES LAB,2881 F&B RD,COLLEGE STN,TX 77845, USA. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 76 IS 2 BP 265 EP 270 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WL297 UT WOS:A1997WL29700007 PM 9057205 ER PT J AU Bayyari, GR Huff, WE Rath, NC Balog, JM Newberry, LA Villines, JD Skeeles, JK AF Bayyari, GR Huff, WE Rath, NC Balog, JM Newberry, LA Villines, JD Skeeles, JK TI Immune and physiological responses of turkeys with green-liver osteomyelitis complex SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE turkey osteomyelitis complex; immunity ID RED-BLOOD-CELLS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; SHEEP ERYTHROCYTES; CHICKENS; HYPERSENSITIVITY AB A study of field turkeys was undertaken in order to determine the involvement of relative immunological differences in the etiology of turkey osteomyelitis complex (TOC). Lame and normal turkeys were sampled from commercial flocks just prior to processing in two separate trials. After testing for functions of both humoral and cellular immunity, the turkeys were necropsied and examined for lesions of TOC. There were significantly higher relative spleen and liver weights and significantly lower body weights and relative bursal weights in birds with TOC. The birds with TOC had lower response to phytohemagglutinin-P in both in vivo and in vitro tests as well as lower circulating lymphocyte counts and higher monocyte, heterophil, and total white blood cell counts. There was a significantly higher antibody response to sheep red blood cells in turkeys with TOC, whereas antibody response to Salmonella pullorum antigen was not different. There were no significant differences in the percentages of mononuclear cells or heterophils able to phagocytize bacteria or latex particles, or kill bacteria; however, the heterophils from turkeys with TOC lesions did phagocytize significantly fewer latex particles per cell than did those of the healthy turkeys. Total serum protein, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen levels were higher in birds with TOC, whereas hemoglobin, iron, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl-transferase levels were lower. Although many of the differences in birds with TOC could be caused by the normal host reaction to infection, further study may reveal innate differences that contribute to susceptibility to TOC. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT POULTRY SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP Bayyari, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,POULTRY PROD & PROD SAFETY RES UNIT,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 47 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 76 IS 2 BP 280 EP 288 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WL297 UT WOS:A1997WL29700009 PM 9057207 ER PT J AU Bayyari, GR Huff, WE Rath, NC Balog, JM Newberry, LA Villines, JD Skeeles, JK Anthony, NB Nestor, KE AF Bayyari, GR Huff, WE Rath, NC Balog, JM Newberry, LA Villines, JD Skeeles, JK Anthony, NB Nestor, KE TI Effect of the genetic selection of turkeys for increased body weight and egg production on immune and physiological responses SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE turkey; body weight; egg production; immune response; blood chemistry ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA VACCINES; LONG-TERM SELECTION; T-CELL MITOGEN; SHEEP ERYTHROCYTES; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; GROWTH DEPRESSION; BLOOD-CELLS; CHICKENS; RESISTANCE AB Selection of poultry for fast growth rate is often accompanied by a reduction in specific immune responses or increased disease susceptibility. In this study, 17-wk-old male turkeys from each of four closed genetic lines, a randombred control (RBC) line and its subline (F) selected for increased 16-wk BW, and another RBC line and its subline (E) selected for increased egg production, were tested for in vivo response to toe web inoculation with phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P), in vitro response of lymphocytes in whole blood to PHA-P and concanavalin A (Con A), hemolytic complement activity, differential white blood cell counts, hematology, and serum chemistry values. Fifteen male turkeys from each of two commercial lines, Com A and Com B, were also tested. The large-bodied F line birds had a lower toe web response to PHA-P, lower lymphocyte counts, and lower relative spleen weights than their smaller parent line. Body weights, total erythrocyte counts, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, and in vitro mitogenic response to PHA-P and Con A were higher in the F line birds. Line E had lower hemolytic complement levels, lower relative spleen and relative bursal weights, and a higher in vitro mitogenic response to PHA-P than its parent line. The Com B line had a lower toe web response to PHA-P, and lower serum levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase and bilirubin than Com A. Line Com B had higher total RBC counts and higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) than Com A. These results support the concept that some changes in the cell-mediated immune response, as well as other physiological changes that may potentially affect immune response, appear to accompany selection for faster growth. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT POULTRY SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. OHIO STATE UNIV,OHIO AGR RES & DEV CTR,DEPT ANIM SCI,WOOSTER,OH 44691. RP Bayyari, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS,POULTRY PROD & PROD SAFETY RES UNIT,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701, USA. NR 49 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 76 IS 2 BP 289 EP 296 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WL297 UT WOS:A1997WL29700010 PM 9057208 ER PT J AU Scott, MP Biggins, J AF Scott, MP Biggins, J TI Introduction of a [4Fe-4S (S-cys)4](+1,+2)iron-sulfur center into a four-alpha helix protein using design parameters from the domain of the F-x cluster in the Photosystem I reaction center SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE four-helix bundle protein; iron-sulfur center; Photosystem I reaction center; protein design ID PRIMARY ELECTRON-ACCEPTOR; 4-HELIX BUNDLE PROTEIN; IRON-SULFUR PROTEINS; SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS; SUBUNIT INTERACTION; PSAC; FERREDOXINS; REDUCTION; SPECTROSCOPY; HETERODIMER AB We describe the insertion of an iron-sulfur center into a designed four alpha-helix model protein. The model protein was re-engineered by introducing four cysteine ligands required for the coordination of the mulinucleate cluster into positions in the main-chain directly analogous to the domain predicted to ligand the interpeptide [4Fe-4S (S-cys)4] cluster, F-X, from PsaA and PsaB of the Photosystem I reaction center. This was achieved by inserting the sequence, CDGPGRGGTC, which is conserved in PsaA and PsaB, into interhelical loops 1 and 3 of the four alpha-helix model. The holoprotein was characterized spectroscopically after insertion of the iron-sulfur center in vitro. EPR spectra confirmed the cluster is a [4Fe-4S] type, indicating that the cysteine thiolate ligands were positioned as designed. The midpoint potential of the iron-sulfur center in the model holoprotein was determined via redox titration and shown to be -422 mV (pH 8.3, n = 1). The results support proposals advanced for the structure of the domain of the [4Fe-4S] F-X cluster in Photosystem I based upon sequence predictions and molecular modeling. We suggest that the lower potential of the F-X cluster is most likely due to factors in the protein environment of F-X rather than the identity of the residues proximal to the coordinating ligands. C1 BROWN UNIV,DEPT MOL BIOL CELL BIOL & BIOCHEM,PROVIDENCE,RI 02912. IOWA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. NR 31 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 6 IS 2 BP 340 EP 346 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA WH566 UT WOS:A1997WH56600009 PM 9041635 ER PT J AU Coutinho, PM Dowd, MK Reilly, PJ AF Coutinho, PM Dowd, MK Reilly, PJ TI Automated docking of monosaccharide substrates and analogues and methyl alpha-acarviosinide in the glucoamylase active site SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article DE acarviosinide; active site; docking; glucoamylase; molecular mechanics; monosaccharides; simulated annealing ID AWAMORI VAR X100; ENZYME AMYLOGLUCOSIDASE AMG; FLEXIBLE LIGAND DOCKING; MM3 FORCE-FIELD; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; REFINED STRUCTURE; 2.2-ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; 2.4-ANGSTROM RESOLUTION AB Glucoamylase is an important industrial glucohydrolase with a large specificity range, To investigate its interaction with the monosaccharides D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-galactose and with the substrate analogues 1-deoxynojirimycin, D-glucono-1,5-lactone, and methyl alpha-acarviosinide, MM3(92)-optimized structures were docked into its active site using AutoDock 2.1. The results were compared to structures of glucoamylase complexes obtained by protein crystallography, Charged forms of some substrate analogues were also docked to assess the degree of protonation possessed by glucoamylase inhibitors. Many forms of methyl alpha-acarviosinide were conformationally mapped by using MM3(92), characterizing the conformational pH dependence found for the acarbose family of glucosidase inhibitors. Their significant conformers, representing the most common states of the inhibitor, were used as initial structures for docking, This constitutes a new approach for the exploration of binding modes of carbohydrate chains, Docking results differ slightly from x-ray crystallographic data, the difference being of the order of the crystallographic error. The estimated energetic interactions, even though agreeing in some cases with experimental binding kinetics, are only qualitative due to the large approximations made by AutoDock force field. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,AMES,IA 50011. USDA,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RI Coutinho, Pedro/C-4473-2008 NR 60 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD FEB PY 1997 VL 27 IS 2 BP 235 EP 248 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0134(199702)27:2<235::AID-PROT10>3.0.CO;2-N PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA WL689 UT WOS:A1997WL68900010 PM 9061788 ER PT J AU Medvedev, S Bossak, N Eckert, J LucasHahn, A Niemann, H Johnson, LA AF Medvedev, S Bossak, N Eckert, J LucasHahn, A Niemann, H Johnson, LA TI Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with flow cytometrically sorted Y-chromosome bearing bovine sperm SO REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th Conference on Physiology and Pathology of Reproduction CY FEB 20-21, 1997 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA C1 USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. RP Medvedev, S (reprint author), INST TIERZUCHT & TIERVERHALTEN FAL,MARIENSEE,GERMANY. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0936-6768 J9 REPROD DOMEST ANIM JI Reprod. Domest. Anim. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1-2 BP 118 EP 118 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA WN255 UT WOS:A1997WN25500090 ER PT J AU Lahoz, C Ordovas, JM AF Lahoz, C Ordovas, JM TI Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease SO REVISTA CLINICA ESPANOLA LA Spanish DT Editorial Material ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; E POLYMORPHISM; ALLELE; EPSILON-4; MEN RP Lahoz, C (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,LIPID METAB LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IDEPSA PI MADRID PA PRINCIPE DE VERGARA, 112, 1 F, G-28002 MADRID, SPAIN SN 0014-2565 J9 REV CLIN ESP JI Rev. Clin. Esp. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 197 IS 2 BP 73 EP 74 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA WR291 UT WOS:A1997WR29100001 PM 9213859 ER PT J AU Jin, W Horner, HT Palmer, RG AF Jin, W Horner, HT Palmer, RG TI Genetics and cytology of a new genic male-sterile soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr] SO SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE soybean; male sterility; genetics; callase; callose ID TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; MALE-FERTILE; MICROSPOROGENESIS; EXPRESSION; ANTHERS; MUTANT AB Genetic and cytological studies were conducted with a now male-sterile, female-fertile soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] mutant. This mutant was completely male sterile and was inherited as a single-recessive gene. No differences in female or male gamete transmission of the recessive allele were observed between reciprocal cross-pollinations in the F-1 or F-2 generations. This mutant was not allelic to any previously identified soybean genic male-sterile mutants: ms1, ms2, ms3, ms4, ms5, or ms6. No linkage was detected between sterility and flower color (W1 locus), or between sterility and pu bescence color (T1 locus). Light microscopic and cytological observations of microsporogenesis in fertile and sterile anthers were conducted. The structure of microspore mother cells (MMC) in male-sterile plants was identical to the MMCs in male-fertile plants. Enzyme extraction analyses showed that there was no callase activity in male-sterile anthers, and this suggests that sterility was caused by retention of the callose walls, which normally are degraded around tetrads at the late tetrad stage. The tapetum from male-sterile anthers also showed abnormalities at the tetrad stage and later stages, which were expressed by an unusual formation of vacuoles, and by accumulation of densely staining material. At maturity, anthers from sterile plants were devoid of pollen grains. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT,INTERDEPARTMENTAL PLANT PHYSIOL PROGRAM,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,BESSEY MICROSCOPY FACIL,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,FCR,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT AGRON,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL & GENET,AMES,IA 50011. NR 34 TC 28 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0934-0882 J9 SEX PLANT REPROD JI Sex. Plant Reprod. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 10 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1007/s004970050062 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology SC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology GA WN665 UT WOS:A1997WN66500003 ER PT J AU Singh, NA Clements, KM Fiatarone, MA AF Singh, NA Clements, KM Fiatarone, MA TI Sleep, sleep deprivation, and daytime activities - A randomized controlled trial of the effect of exercise on sleep SO SLEEP LA English DT Article DE exercise; activity; elderly; sleep; depression ID AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; SOMATIC COMPLAINTS; DEPRESSION; DISORDERS; MEN; PREVALENCE; SCALE; INDEX; RISK; OLD AB We tested the hypothesis that exercise would improve subjective sleep quality and activity in depressed elders. A IO-week randomized controlled trial was utilized. Participants consisted of a volunteer sample, aged >60 with a diagnosis of major or minor depression or dysthymia. A total of 32 subjects aged 60-84 years with a mean age of 71.3 +/- 1.2 years was used. Intervention consisted of a supervised weight-training program three times a week or an attention-control group. Main outcome measures were Pittsburgh Subjective Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Likert Scale of Subjective Sleep Quality and Quantity, Paffenbarger Activity Index, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression (HRSD), and the Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form 36 (SF-36). Results showed that exercise significantly improved all subjective sleep-quality and depression measures. Depression measures were reduced by approximately twice that of controls. Habitual activity was not significantly increased by exercise. Quality of life subscales significantly improved. In a forward stepwise multiple regression, percent improvement in GDS and percent increase in strength remained significant predictors of the improvement in total PSQI score (r = 0.71, p = 0.0002). In conclusion, weight lifting exercise was effective in improving subjective sleep quality, depression, strength, and quality of life without significantly changing habitual activity. C1 TUFTS UNIV, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, JEAN MAYER US DEPT AGR, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. HARVARD UNIV, SCH MED, DIV AGING, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. BROCKTON W ROXBURY VET AFFAIRS MED CTR, BROCKTON, MA USA. HEBREW REHABIL CTR AGED, ROSLINDALE, MA USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG08812, UO1 AG09078] NR 43 TC 127 Z9 129 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER SLEEP DISORDERS ASSOC PI ROCHESTER PA 1610 14TH STREET NW SUITE 300, ROCHESTER, MN 55806 SN 0161-8105 J9 SLEEP JI Sleep PD FEB PY 1997 VL 20 IS 2 BP 95 EP 101 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA WY007 UT WOS:A1997WY00700001 PM 9143068 ER PT J AU Stuczynski, TI McCarty, GW Reeves, JB Wright, RJ AF Stuczynski, TI McCarty, GW Reeves, JB Wright, RJ TI Use of pyrolysis GC/MS for assessing changes in soil organic matter quality SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCTS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE; ACIDS; NITROGEN AB There is a need for rapid methods of assessing changes in the quality of agricultural soils because of the need to monitor such changes under different land management practices. For example, the increasing interest in use of agricultural lands for application of coal combustion byproducts, such as fluidized bed ash, has led to concern that such use may be detrimental to the quality of soil organic matter. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) techniques hold promise as rapid procedures for detecting changes in the organic matter composition of soils, which contrasts with the often laborious chemical methods used commonly for analyzing soil organic matter. To evaluate Py-GC/MS for this use, we characterized changes in the organic matter composition of bed ash-amended soils by both chemical and pyrolytic analyses. The chemical analysis of the soil samples had shown substantial degradation and loss of organic matter as a result of the ash amendments, and the pyrolytic analyses reflected these losses of soil organic matter by decreases in the total peak areas within the total ion chromatogram. Information on the changes in composition of soil organic matter was reflected by changes in peak area for individual pyrolytic products, and the identity of more than 40 pyrolytic products was determined from their mass spectral data. This permitted identification of various pyrolytic signature products for the protein, carbohydrate, and humic fractions of soil organic matter. The change in peak areas of these different signature products could be correlated with changes in the content of different constituents in the soil organic matter as measured by chemical analysis. The pyrolysis product furfural was correlated with changes in carbohydrate content. Changes in production of 2-methoxyphenol, guaiacol, vinylphenol, vinylguaiacol, and isoeugenol represented changes within the humic fraction. Nitrile and propane pyrolysis products were correlated with changes in protein content. The good agreement between classical chemical analysis and pyrolytic analysis indicates that Py-GC/MS can be used to monitor changes in the organic matter composition of agricultural soils subjected to environmental stress. C1 USDA ARS, ENVIRONM CHEM LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. INST SOIL SCI & PLANT CULTIVAT, PULAWY, POLAND. USDA ARS, NUTR CONSERVAT & METAB LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 31 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 162 IS 2 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1097/00010694-199702000-00003 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA WK558 UT WOS:A1997WK55800003 ER PT J AU Potter, KN Jones, OR Torbert, HA Unger, PW AF Potter, KN Jones, OR Torbert, HA Unger, PW TI Crop rotation and tillage effects on organic carbon sequestration in the semiarid southern great plains SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NO-TILL; SOIL; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; MATTER; CORN; PH AB Limited information is available regarding soil organic carbon (SOC) distribution and the total amounts that occur in dryland cropping situations in semiarid regions. We determined crop rotation, tillage, and fertilizer effects on SOC distribution and mass in the semiarid southern Great Plains. A cropping system study was conducted for 10-years at Bushland, TX, to compare no-till and stubblemulch management on four dryland cropping systems: continuous wheat (CW) (Triticum aestivum L.); continuous grain sorghum (CS) (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench.); wheat/fallow/sorghum/fallow (WSF); and wheat/fallow (WF). Fertilizer (45 kg N ha(-1)) was added at crop planting to main plots. Subplots within each tillage and cropping treatment combination received no fertilizer. Ten years after treatment initiation, soil cores were taken incrementally to a 65-cm depth and subdivided for bulk density and SOC determination. The no-till treatments resulted in significant differences in SOC distribution in the soil profile compared with stubblemulch tillage in all four crop rotations, although differences were largest in the continuous cropping systems. Continuous wheat averaged 1.71% SOC in the surface 2 cm of soil compared with 1.02% SOC with stubblemulch tillage. Continuous sorghum averaged 1.54% SOC in the surface 2 cm of soil in no-till compared with 0.97% SOC with stubblemulch tillage. Total SOC content in the surface 20 cm was increased 5.6 t C ha(-1) in the CW no-till treatment and 2.8 t C ha(-1) in the CS no-till treatment compared with the stubblemulch treatment. Differences were not significantly different between tillage treatments in the WF and WSF systems. No-till management with continuous crops sequestered carbon in comparison to stubblemulch management on the southern Great Plains. Fallow limits carbon accumulation. C1 USDA ARS,BUSHLAND,TX 79012. RP Potter, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 18 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 162 IS 2 BP 140 EP 147 DI 10.1097/00010694-199702000-00007 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA WK558 UT WOS:A1997WK55800007 ER PT J AU Abubakr, SM Hrutfiord, BF Reichert, TW Mckean, WT AF Abubakr, SM Hrutfiord, BF Reichert, TW Mckean, WT TI Retention mechanism of metal cations in recycled and never-dried pulps SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE barium chloride; calcium chloride; cationic compounds; cations; ion exchange; kraft pulps; linerboards; metals; never-dried fibers; reclaimed fibers; recycling; soaking; sodium chloride; swelling AB Linerboard and never-dried kraft pulp were used in cationic soaking experiments. Chloride salts of calcium, sodium, and barium were added to the slushed pulps. Pulps were dewatered, and the water samples were analyzed for metals content with inductively coupled plasma (ICP). When the cation levels were compared, barium showed a much higher concentration in the pulp than did calcium and sodium. Apparently, the cations are retained by an ion-exchange mechanism. C1 UNIV WASHINGTON,COLL FOREST RESOURCES,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP Abubakr, SM (reprint author), USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,FOREST SERV,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 80 IS 2 BP 143 EP 148 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA WH487 UT WOS:A1997WH48700041 ER PT J AU Upton, BH Krishnagopalan, GA Abubakr, S AF Upton, BH Krishnagopalan, GA Abubakr, S TI Deinking flexographic newsprint using ultrafiltration to close the water loop SO TAPPI JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aniline printing; cleaning; deinking; effluent treatment; filtration; flexography; flow; fouling; ink; letter press printing; newsprint; printing; printing ink; printing papers; separation; technology; ultrafiltration ID MEMBRANE AB Conventional flotation deinking technology is widely used for deinking secondary fiber furnish that has been printed by the letterpress or lithographic (offset) processes. This technology is not effective for removing water-based flexographic inks due to the hydrophilic nature of their pigment particles. Washing effectively removes flexographic ink dispersions from pulped secondary fiber; however, the resulting wash effluent contains significant quantities of pigment. The wash effluent must be clarified of pigment before it can be recycled within the mill without reducing pulp brightness. The difficulty in clarifying flexographic pigment dispersions from wash filtrate represents a significant barrier to closing the water loop of a newsprint deinking operation. Ultrafiltration was investigated as a means to remove dispersed water-based ink pigments from wash effluent. Ultrafiltration of high-concentration ink dispersions resulted in stable, high production rates of pigment-free permeate. The use of high-concentration feeds prevented irreversible membrane fouling and actually demonstrated membrane regenerative properties. Inclusion of cellulose fines in the feed had variable effects on permeation rates. C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705. RP Upton, BH (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,AUBURN,AL 36849, USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU TECH ASSN PULP PAPER IND INC PI NORCROSS PA 15 TECHNOLOGY PARK SOUTH, NORCROSS, GA 30092 SN 0734-1415 J9 TAPPI J JI TAPPI J. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 80 IS 2 BP 155 EP 164 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA WH487 UT WOS:A1997WH48700043 ER PT J AU Windberg, LA AF Windberg, LA TI Annual fruit production of pricklypear (Opuntia engelmannii) and mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) in southern Texas SO TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH AB Fruit production by Texas pricklypear (Opuntia engelmannii) and mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) was estimated from 1979 to 1988 in Webb County, Texas. The annual percentages of fruiting pricklypear and mesquite plants were variable and positively correlated. There were no detectable relationships between the percent of plants bearing fruit, mean numbers of fruit per plant, and the Fruit Productivity Index and rainfall during five phenological periods for either pricklypear or mesquite. However, less fruit production during two to three years of relatively high rainfall in the pre-flower and flowering period (January-April) suggests that both species may divert physiologic resources from reproduction to vegetative growth under conditions of excess soil moisture. RP Windberg, LA (reprint author), UTAH STATE UNIV,USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,DENVER WILDLIFE RES CTR,LOGAN,UT 84322, USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU TEXAS ACAD SCI PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, LUBBOCK, TX 79401 SN 0040-4403 J9 TEX J SCI JI Tex. J. Sci. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 49 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA WL547 UT WOS:A1997WL54700007 ER PT J AU Welch, CM AF Welch, CM TI Improved strength and flex abrasion resistance in durable press finishing with BTCA SO TEXTILE CHEMIST AND COLORIST LA English DT Article DE BTCA; catalysis; durable press; malic acid; TEA ID FORMALDEHYDE; AGENTS; ACIDS AB A three-component curing system containing triethanolamine, malic acid, and sodium hypophosphite has increased the breaking strength, tearing strength, and flex abrasion resistance of cotton fabric treated with the durable press finish 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA). At the optimum range of mole ratios of triethanolamine: (BTCA + malic acid), the flex abrasion resistance of the treated fabrics was equal to that of untreated fabric, and was nearly double that of DMDHEU-finished fabric with the same level of durable press performance. The results suggest that BTCA can esterify hydroxyl groups of triethanolamine and of malic acid as well as cellulose to produce a graft copolymer of cellulose having a more open and flexible three-dimensional molecular network than is obtainable in crosslinking cotton with BTCA or DMDHEU by conventional catalysis. The modified BTCA finishes retain a high degree of durability to alkaline laundering. RP Welch, CM (reprint author), USDA,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179, USA. NR 9 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSN TEXT CHEM COLOR PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 SN 0040-490X J9 TEXT CHEM COLOR JI Text. Chem. Color. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 29 IS 2 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA WH494 UT WOS:A1997WH49400015 ER PT J AU Phippen, WB Kresovich, S Candelas, FG McFerson, JR AF Phippen, WB Kresovich, S Candelas, FG McFerson, JR TI Molecular characterization can quantify and partition variation among genebank holdings: A case study with phenotypically similar accessions of Brassica oleracea var capitata L (cabbage) 'Golden Acre' SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE AMOVA; conservation; curation; genetic markers; molecular genetic screening; RAPD ID ARBITRARY PRIMERS; POLYMORPHISMS; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATIONS AB To better characterize and conserve crop genetic resources, the assessment of genetic identity, relatedness, and structure among entries and collections becomes a priority. In the present study, a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay was applied as a quick, cost-effective, and preliminary screen to quantify and partition the molecular variation among accessions. Fourteen phenotypically uniform accessions of Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. (cabbage) similarly designated as 'Golden Acre' were tested with nine decamer oligonucleotide primers. These amplifications generated 110 fragments, of which 80 were polymorphic ranging in size from 370 to 1720 bp. The 80 polymorphic fragments were sufficient to distinguish between all 14 accessions. Data based on the partitioning of variation among accessions indicated that 'Golden Acre' entries could be reduced to as few as four groups, with the potential loss of variation being only 4.6% of the absolute current genetic variation in those holdings as estimated from RAPD analysis. This proposed grouping would concurrently save approximately 70% [$750-1000 (US) per accession] for each cycle of regeneration (approximately 20-25 years at most) which alternatively could then be used for other priorities in B. oleracea conservation and use. This case represents but one example where targeted use of a molecular-marker assay linked with rigorous statistical analysis will be useful for plant genebank management, particularly for questions at the intraspecific level. Molecular markers will provide genebank curators with additional sources of information to better plan and organize collection holdings and use finite financial support in a more effective manner. C1 ARS,USDA,PLANT GENET RESOURCES CONSERVAT UNIT,GRIFFIN,GA 30223. ARS,USDA,PLANT GENET RESOURCES UNIT,GENEVA,NY 14456. UNIV VALENCIA,DEPT GENET,UNIV GEORGIA,E-46100 VALENCIA,SPAIN. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 94 IS 2 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1007/s001220050404 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA WJ912 UT WOS:A1997WJ91200011 ER PT J AU Chase, CC Chenoweth, PJ Larsen, RE Olson, TA Hammond, AC Menchaca, MA Randel, RD AF Chase, CC Chenoweth, PJ Larsen, RE Olson, TA Hammond, AC Menchaca, MA Randel, RD TI Growth and reproductive development from weaning through 20 months of age among breeds of bulls in subtropical Florida SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beef breeds; bulls; libido; puberty; GnRH ID EPIDIDYMAL SPERM RESERVES; HEREFORD BULLS; BEEF BULLS; TESTICULAR DEVELOPMENT; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; SCROTAL CIRCUMFERENCE; CONCEPTUS DEVELOPMENT; SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT; FETAL INFLUENCES; DIETARY ENERGY AB To determine the effect of breed on growth and reproductive development. weaned bulls in each of 2 yr were managed as a single group for approximately a year. In Year 1, the study group consisted of 24 Angus, 24 Brahman. 20 Hereford and 14 Senepol bulls, while in Year 2. it contained 25 Angus, 17 Brahman. 13 Romosinuano and 9 Nellore x Brahman bulls. Body and testicular growth measurements were recorded at 6-wk intervals. At approximately 1 yr of age and quarterly thereafter (4 periods). bulls were evaluated for libido. pubertal status, and GnRH-induced LH and testosterone secretion. Significant breed-by-age interactions occurred for most growth measurements. Brahman bulls (Bos indicus) were (P<0.05) older and heavier at puberty than Angus, Hereford. Senepol and Romosinuano bulls (Bos taurus). Libido scores were lowest for Brahman and Nellore X Brahman bulls (Bos indicus), highest for Angus and Hereford bulls (temperate Bos taurus breeds) and intermediate for Senepol and Romosinuano bulls (tropical Bos taurus breeds; P<0.05). Differences were not consistent among breeds or between years for GnRH-induced LH secretion. In both years, basal testosterone concentrations and areas under the GnRH-induced testosterone curve were higher (P<0.05) for Angus and Hereford bulls (temperate breeds) than for Brahman. Senepol, Romosinuano and Nellore X Brahman bulls (tropical breeds). In conclusion, reproductive development of Senepol and Romosinuano bulls (tropical Bos taurus breeds) was more similar to Angus and Hereford bulls (temperate Bos taurus breeds) than to Brahman and Nellore X Brahman bulls (Bos indicus). (C) 1997 by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USDA ARS,BROOKSVILLE,FL 34601. UNIV FLORIDA,COLL VET MED,DEPT LARGE ANIM CLIN SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32610. UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT ANIM SCI,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,OVERTON,TX 75684. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD FEB PY 1997 VL 47 IS 3 BP 723 EP 745 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(97)00030-7 PG 23 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA WJ911 UT WOS:A1997WJ91100013 PM 16728024 ER PT J AU Polley, HW Johnson, HB Mayeux, HS AF Polley, HW Johnson, HB Mayeux, HS TI Leaf physiology, production, water use, and nitrogen dynamics of the grassland invader Acacia smallii at elevated CO2 concentrations SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE huisache; nitrogen fixation; photosynthesis; stomatal conductance; water use efficiency ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; GAS-EXCHANGE; STOMATAL RESPONSES; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; HONEY MESQUITE; ENRICHMENT; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ACCLIMATION AB Invasion by woody legumes can alter hydrology, nutrient accumulation and cycling, and carbon sequestration on grasslands. The rate and magnitude of these changes are likely to be sensitive to the effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment on growth and water and nitrogen dynamics of leguminous shrubs. To assess potential effects of increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations on plant growth and acquisition and utilization of water and nitrogen, seedlings of Acacia smallii Isely (huisache) were grown for 13 months at CO2 concentrations of 385 (ambient), 690, and 980 mu mol mol(-1). Seedlings grown at elevated CO2 concentrations exhibited parallel declines in leaf N concentration and photosynthetic capacity; however, at the highest CO2 concentration, biomass production increased more than 2.5-fold as a result of increased leaf photosynthetic rates, leaf area, and N-2 fixation. Measurements of leaf gas exchange and aboveground biomass production and soil water balance indicated that water use efficiency increased in proportion to the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration. The effects on transpiration of an accompanying decline in leaf conductance were offset by an increase in leaf area, and total water loss was similar across CO2 treatments. Plants grown at elevated CO2 fixed three to four times as much N as plants grown at ambient CO2 concentration. The increase in N-2 fixation resulted from an increase in fixation per unit of nodule mass in the 690 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 treatment and from a large increase in the number and mass of nodules in plants in the 980 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 treatment. Increased symbiotic Nz fixation by woody invaders in response to CO2 enrichment may result in increased N deposition in litterfall, and thus increased productivity on many grasslands. RP Polley, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB, TEMPLE, TX 76502 USA. NR 50 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 17 IS 2 BP 89 EP 96 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WH456 UT WOS:A1997WH45600003 ER PT J AU Markstrom, DC King, RM AF Markstrom, DC King, RM TI Three-P cubic volume/weight scaling of Black Hills sawtimber SO USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article RP Markstrom, DC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN,FT COLLINS,CO 80526, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROCKY MT FOREST RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION PI FT COLLINS PA 3825 EAST MULBERRY ST, FT COLLINS, CO 80524-8597 SN 0502-5001 J9 USDA FOR SERV RM RES JI USDA For. Serv. Rocky Mt. For. Range Exp Stn. Res. Pap. PD FEB PY 1997 IS RM-328 BP 1 EP & PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA WX381 UT WOS:A1997WX38100001 ER PT J AU Konishi, E Win, KS Kurane, I Mason, PW Shope, RE Ennis, FA AF Konishi, E Win, KS Kurane, I Mason, PW Shope, RE Ennis, FA TI Particulate vaccine candidate for Japanese encephalitis induces long lasting virus-specific memory T lymphocytes in mice SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Japanese encephalitis; vaccine; T lymphocyte ID LETHAL JEV INFECTION; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; RECOMBINANT BACULOVIRUSES; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RHESUS-MONKEYS; INSECT CELLS; IMMUNIZATION AB We previously reported that extracellular particles (EPs) composed of premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) proteins were released from cells infected with recombinant vaccinia viruses encoding Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus prM and E genes. In the present study, EPs were evaluated for induction of JE virus-specific antibody, and specific T lymphocytes in mice. Six- to 8-week-old male Balb/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally once or twice (at a 3-week interval) with purified EPs containing 1 mu g off without adjuvant. Neutralizing antibody, was detected and spleen cells proliferated against JE viral antigen 3 weeks after the second immunization with EPs, Neutralizing antibody and JE virus-specific T Iymphocytes were also detected 10 months after immunization with EPs containing 2 mu g of E. Spleen cells obtained from EP-immunized mice and stimulated in vitro with live JE virus, expressed JE virus-specific cytotoxic activity. The cytotoxic activity, was reduced by treatment with anti-CD3 antibody and complement. These results indicate that immunization with EPs induces long-lasting specific antibody and memory T cells in mice. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS & IMMUNOL,WORCESTER,MA 01655. USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,YALE ARBOVIRUS RES UNIT,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. RP Konishi, E (reprint author), KOBE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED ZOOL,CHUO KU,KOBE,HYOGO 650,JAPAN. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI30624, AI10987-17] NR 46 TC 22 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB PY 1997 VL 15 IS 3 BP 281 EP 286 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(96)00180-6 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA WM344 UT WOS:A1997WM34400007 PM 9139487 ER PT J AU Fenger, CK Granstrom, DE Gajadhar, AA Williams, NM McCrillis, SA Stamper, S Langemeier, JL Dubey, JP AF Fenger, CK Granstrom, DE Gajadhar, AA Williams, NM McCrillis, SA Stamper, S Langemeier, JL Dubey, JP TI Experimental induction of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis in horses using Sarcocystis sp. sporocysts from the opossum (Didelphis virginiana) SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE equine protozoal myeloencephalitis; Sarcocystis spp.; Sarcocystis neurona; Sarcocystis falcatula; clinical signs; lesions; meronts; sarcocysts; sporocysts ID RACCOON PROCYON-LOTOR; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; NEURONA; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; PATHOGENESIS; APICOMPLEXA; BUDGERIGAR; FALCATULA; SEQUENCE; PARASITE AB Sarcocystis sp, sporocysts isolated from eight feral opossums (Didelphis virginiana) were pooled and fed to 18 commercially reared budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), 14 wild-caught sparrows (Passer domesticus), one wild-caught slate-colored Junco (Junco hyemalis) and five weanling horses (Equus caballus). All budgerigars died within 5 weeks post inoculation (wpi), Histologic examination revealed meronts within the pulmonary epithelia and typical Sarcocystis falcatula sarcocysts developing in the leg muscles, Sparrows were euthanized 13 and 17 wpi and their carcasses were fed to four laboratory raised opossums. Sporocysts were detected in the feces of two opossums on 15 days post inoculation (dpi) and in a third opossum on 40 dpi, Fecal samples from the fourth opossum remained negative; however, sporocysts were found in intestinal digests from all four opossums, Sporocysts were not found in the feces or intestinal digest of an additional opossum that was fed three uninoculated sparrows, Five foals were fed sporocysts (Foals 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7) and two foals were maintained as uninoculated controls (Foals 1 and 6), Sporocysts from two additional feral opossums also were fed to foals. Foal 5 was given 0.05 mg kg(-1) dexamethasone sodium phosphate daily beginning 2 days before inoculation for a total of 2 weeks. Horse sera were tested three times per week, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were tested biweekly for anti-Sarcocystis neurona antibodies by Western blot analysis. No foals had any S. neurona-specific antibodies by Western blot analysis prior to sporocyst ingestion. Seroconversion occurred in Foals 3, 5, and 7 by 24 dpi, followed by positive CSF tests on 28 dpi. Foals 2 and 4 seroconverted by 40 dpi. Cerebrospinal fluid from Foal 2 tested positive by 42 dpi, but Foal 4 remained seronegative throughout the study. Sera and CSF from control Foals 1 and 6 remained seronegative. All foals with positive CSF developed neurologic clinical signs. Neurologic disease was evident in Foals 2 and 3 by 42 dpi and in Foal 7 by 28 dpi. The severity of clinical signs progressed to marked spasticity, hypermetria and ataxia in Foal 7 by the end of the trial. Necropsy examination of inoculated foals did not reveal gross lesions; however, microscopic lesions consistent with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) were found in Foals 2, 3, and 7. Protozoa were not observed in the tissue sections. Microscopic lesions consistent with EPM were not found in Foals 4 and 5 or in uninoculated control Foals 1 and 6. Foal 5 had unilateral non-inflammatory lesions in the cervical and thoracic spinal cord consistent with cord compression. These data indicate that the opossum is a definitive host of S. neurona. C1 UNIV KENTUCKY,COLL AGR,DEPT VET SCI,LEXINGTON,KY 40546. AGR CANADA,HLTH ANIM LAB,SASKATOON,SK S7N 2RN,CANADA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI,PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 30 TC 118 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 68 IS 3 BP 199 EP 213 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(96)01112-0 PG 15 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA WL540 UT WOS:A1997WL54000001 PM 9066066 ER PT J AU Grant, GE AF Grant, GE TI Critical flow constrains flow hydraulics in mobile-bed streams: A new hypothesis SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HIGH-GRADIENT STREAMS; GRAVEL; CHANNEL; EVOLUTION; RIVERS; ENTRAINMENT; RESISTANCE; STABILITY; GEOMETRY; SYSTEMS AB A new hypothesis predicts that in mobile-bed river channels, interactions between the channel hydraulics and bed configuration prevent the Froude number (Fr) from exceeding 1 for more than short distances or periods of time. Flow conditions in many steep, competent streams appear to be close to critical. Froude numbers of steep (slope approximate to 0.01) sand-bed streams with considerable freedom to adjust boundaries oscillate between 0.7 and 1.3 over 20- to 30-s cycles, with an average of 1.0 at the channel thalweg. Critical flow in these streams is maintained by the interaction between the mobile bed and free water surface at high Fr, which results in a cyclical pattern of creation and destruction of bed forms. Field observations support that a similar mechanism of flow-bed form interaction constrains Fr less than or equal to 1 in active-bed braided gravel rivers, step-pool streams, laboratory rills, lahar-runout channels, and even some bedrock channels. Empirical and analytical results show that as slope increases, competent flows tend to asymptotically approach critical flow. An assumption of critical flow would dramatically simplify paleohydraulic flow reconstructions and modeling of flow hydraulics in high gradient streams. RP Grant, GE (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,3200 JEFFERSON WAY,CORVALLIS,OR 97331, USA. NR 83 TC 131 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB PY 1997 VL 33 IS 2 BP 349 EP 358 DI 10.1029/96WR03134 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA WF239 UT WOS:A1997WF23900007 ER PT J AU Henson, CA AF Henson, CA TI The role of alpha-amylases and alpha-glucosidases in the degradation of cereal starches SO ZUCKERINDUSTRIE LA English DT Article RP Henson, CA (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,USDA ARS,CEREAL CROPS RES UNIT,DEPT AGRON,1575 LINDEN DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERLAG DR ALBERT BARTENS PI BERLIN 38 PA LUCKHOFFSTRASSE 16, D-14129 BERLIN 38, GERMANY SN 0344-8657 J9 ZUCKERINDUSTRIE JI Zuckerindustrie PD FEB PY 1997 VL 122 IS 2 BP 130 EP 130 PG 1 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA WN828 UT WOS:A1997WN82800030 ER PT J AU Handler, AM Gomez, SP AF Handler, AM Gomez, SP TI A new hobo, Ac, Tam3 transposable element, hopper, from Bactrocera dorsalis is distantly related to hobo and Ac SO GENE LA English DT Article DE transposons; hobo; Ac; Tam3 family; transposase; oriental fruit by; tephritidae; gene vector ID FAMILY AB A new transposable element from the hobo, Ac, Tam3 transposon family was isolated as a genomic clone from the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. It is approximately 3.1 kb in length with 19-bp inverted terminal repeat sequences having a single mismatch. Though sharing several amino acid sequence identities with other RAT elements, it is distantly related to both hobo and Ac. Among hAT elements thus far described in insects, it is apparently the most distantly related to hobo. RP Handler, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS,CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL,1700 SW 23RD DR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608, USA. NR 10 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD JAN 31 PY 1997 VL 185 IS 1 BP 133 EP 135 DI 10.1016/S0378-1119(96)00658-0 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA WG854 UT WOS:A1997WG85400020 PM 9034324 ER PT J AU Hamada, JS AF Hamada, JS TI Large-scale high-performance liquid chromatography of enzymes for food applications SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Preparative Chromatography (PREP 96) CY MAY 19-21, 1996 CL GEORGETOWN UNIV CONF CTR, WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Washington Chromatog Discuss Grp HO GEORGETOWN UNIV CONF CTR DE reviews; food analysis; enzymes ID POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; PURIFICATION; PROTEINS; TRANSGLUTAMINASE; SEPARATION; GELATION; MICROORGANISMS; POLYMERIZATION; PRECIPITATION AB Processes for the production of food-grade enzymes must be cost-effective. Fortunately, most enzymes manufactured for food applications are not required to be highly purified. However, enzymes are considered additives and thus the concentration of DNA and other extraneous materials must be within FDA guidelines. Developing efficient, low-cost, large-scale HPLC methods for food applications is becoming more feasible with the introduction of new HPLC tools and technologies. Enzymes can be successfully separated from cell extracts by size-exclusion and ion-exchange HPLC using optimal gradient elution programs for the latter. Large-scale HPLC methods developed for the purification of some significant food enzymes are discussed in this paper. RP USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, POB 19687, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 24 PY 1997 VL 760 IS 1 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00647-4 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA WK099 UT WOS:A1997WK09900008 PM 9062992 ER PT J AU Bengtsson, BO AF Bengtsson, BO TI Pros and cons of foreign genes in crops SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Bengtsson, BO (reprint author), AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS,15501 MONONA DR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 23 PY 1997 VL 385 IS 6614 BP 290 EP 290 DI 10.1038/385290a0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA WD914 UT WOS:A1997WD91400018 PM 9002506 ER PT J AU Ort, DR AF Ort, DR TI Pros and cons of foreign genes in crops SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. USDA ARS,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Ort, DR (reprint author), AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS,15501 MONONA DR,ROCKVILLE,MD 20855, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 23 PY 1997 VL 385 IS 6614 BP 290 EP 290 DI 10.1038/385290b0 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA WD914 UT WOS:A1997WD91400016 PM 9002507 ER PT J AU Ma, DP Liu, HC Tan, HP Creech, RG Jenkins, JN Chang, YF AF Ma, DP Liu, HC Tan, HP Creech, RG Jenkins, JN Chang, YF TI Cloning and characterization of a cotton lipid transfer protein gene specifically expressed in fiber cells SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-LIPIDS AND LIPID METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE cDNA; genomic library; intron; Northern analysis; nucleotide sequence ID BROCCOLI BRASSICA-OLERACEA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; BARLEY; LEAVES; ARABIDOPSIS; INHIBITORS; SEEDLINGS; PATTERN; TOMATO; CDNA AB A cotton genomic library was screened using a fiber-specific cDNA (GH3) encoding a lipid transfer protein (LTP). One genomic clone (1.7 kb DNA insert) containing the Ltp gene (Ltp6) was sequenced and characterized. The Ltp6 contains an open reading frame of 360 bp, which is interrupted by a single intron (136 bp) located in the region corresponding to the C-terminal of the protein. The derived amino-acid sequence of LTP6 is 64% homologous to that of GH3. Like the GH3 gene, the Ltp6 is specifically expressed in fiber cells in a temporal manner. However, its expression level is lower than that of GH3. C1 MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. ARS,CROP SCI RES LAB,USDA,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762. CORNELL UNIV,NEW YORK STATE COLL VET MED,DIAGNOST LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP Ma, DP (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOL,BOX 9650,MISSISSIPPI STATE,MS 39762, USA. NR 25 TC 27 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2760 J9 BBA-LIPID LIPID MET JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Lipids Lipid Metab. PD JAN 21 PY 1997 VL 1344 IS 2 BP 111 EP 114 DI 10.1016/S0005-2760(96)00166-X PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA WE797 UT WOS:A1997WE79700001 PM 9030188 ER PT J AU Konishi, E Kurane, I Mason, PW Shope, RE Ennis, FA AF Konishi, E Kurane, I Mason, PW Shope, RE Ennis, FA TI Poxvirus-based Japanese encephalitis vaccine candidates induce JE virus-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes in mice SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; CROSS-REACTIVITY; CELL CLONES; PROTEIN; VECTOR; STRAIN; FLAVIVIRUSES; GLYCOPROTEIN; RECOGNITION; EXPRESSION AB Recombinant Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine candidates based on a highly attenuated vaccinia virus (NYVAC-JEV) and a canarypox virus (ALVAC-JEV) were evaluated for their ability to induce specific antibodies and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in mice. Six- to eight-week-old male Balb/c mice that received one or two intraperitoneal inoculations with these JE vaccine candidates at a dose of 1 x 10(7) PFU per mouse produced neutralizing antibody and antibodies to the envelope (E) and nonstructural 1 (NS1) proteins as determined by radioimmunoprecipitation. Immunization with either of these vaccine candidates also induced JE virus-specific T lymphocytes that proliferated in response to stimulation with infectious virus and/or noninfectious viral antigens. Mice maintained detectable levels of neutralizing antibody and JE virus-specific memory T cells for at least 6 months after immunization with NYVAC-JEV and for 4 months after immunization with ALVAC-JEV. Cells induced to proliferate after stimulation with live virus contained specific CD8(+) CTLs that lysed primary Balb/c mouse kidney cells infected with JE virus and P815 mastocytoma cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the premembrane (prM), E, and NS1 proteins. These CTLs also lysed P815 cells infected with vaccinia recombinants expressing prM and E, and those expressing E and NS1, but did not lyse P815 cells infected with a recombinant virus expressing only NS1, indicating that the CTLs mainly recognized E, but did not recognize NS1. These results demonstrate that both recombinant JE vaccines, NYVAC-JEV and ALVAC-JEV, induce JE virus-specific antibody and CTLs in mice. (C) 1997 Academic Press C1 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,MED CTR,DEPT MED,DIV INFECT DIS & IMMUNOL,WORCESTER,MA 01655. USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. YALE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & PUBL HLTH,YALE ARBOVIRUS RES UNIT,NEW HAVEN,CT 06510. RP Konishi, E (reprint author), KOBE UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED ZOOL,CHUO KU,7-5-1 KUSUNOKI CHO,KOBE 650,JAPAN. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI10987-17, NIH-RO1-AI30624] NR 33 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN 20 PY 1997 VL 227 IS 2 BP 353 EP 360 DI 10.1006/viro.1996.8331 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA WD572 UT WOS:A1997WD57200009 PM 9018134 ER PT J AU Oka, K Kobayashi, K Sullivan, M Martinez, J Teng, BB IshimuraOka, K Chan, L AF Oka, K Kobayashi, K Sullivan, M Martinez, J Teng, BB IshimuraOka, K Chan, L TI Tissue-specific inhibition of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing in the liver by adenovirus-mediated transfer of a dominant negative mutant APOBEC-1 leads to increased low density lipoprotein in mice SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA; MOLECULAR-CLONING; CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; PROTEIN; GENE; ENZYME; MUTAGENESIS; EXPRESSION; EVOLUTION; FACTOR(S) AB APOBEC-1 is a catalytic subunit of an apolipoprotein B (apoB) mRNA editing enzyme complex. In humans it is expressed only in the intestine, whereas in mice it is expressed in both the Liver and intestine. APOBEC-1 exists as a spontaneous homodimer (Lau, P. P., Zhu, H. -J., Baldini, A., Charnsangavej, C., and Chan, L. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 8522-8526). We tested the editing activity and dimerization potential of three different mouse APOBEC-1 mutants using in vitro editing activity assay and immunoprecipitation in the presence of epitope-tagged APOBEC-1. One catalytically inactive mutant, mu1 (H61K/C93S/C96S), that retains its capacity to dimerize with wild-type APOBEC-1 was found to inhibit the editing activity of the latter and was thus a dominant negative mutant. Two other inactive mutants that dimerized poorly with APOBEC-1 failed to inhibit its activity. Intravenous injection of a mu1 adenovirus, Admu1, in C57BL/6J mice in vivo resulted in liver-specific expression of mu1 mRNA. On days 4 and 9 after virus injection, endogenous hepatic apoB mRNA editing was 23.3 +/- 5.0 and 36.8 +/- 5.7%, respectively, compared with 65.3 +/- 11 and 71.3 +/- 5.2%, respectively, for luciferase adenovirus-treated animals. Plasma apoB-100 accounted for 95 and 93% of total plasma apoB in Admu1 animals on days 4 and 9, respectively, compared with 78 and 72% in luciferase adenovirus animals. Plasma cholesterol on day 9 was 98 +/- 17 mg/dl in the mu1-treated animals, substantially higher than phosphate-buffered saline-treated (57 +/- 9 mg/dl) or luciferase-treated (71 +/- 12 mg/dl) controls. Fast protein liquid chromatography analysis of mouse plasma showed that the intermediate density/low density lipoprotein fractions in the animals treated with the dominant negative mutant adenovirus were much higher than those in controls. We conclude that active APOBEC-1 functions as a dimer and its activity is inhibited by a dominant negative mutant. Furthermore, apoB mRNA editing determines the availability of apoB-100, which in turn limits the amount of intermediate density/low density lipoprotein that can be formed in mice. Liver-specific inhibition of apoB mRNA editing is an important component of any strategy to enhance the value of mice as a model for human lipoprotein metabolism. C1 BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT PEDIAT,HOUSTON,TX 77030. ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,USDA,HOUSTON,TX 77030. RP Oka, K (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,DEPT CELL BIOL,1 BAYLOR PLAZA,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL51586, HL56668] NR 24 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JAN 17 PY 1997 VL 272 IS 3 BP 1456 EP 1460 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA WD058 UT WOS:A1997WD05800012 PM 8999814 ER PT J AU Mangos, TJ Haas, MJ AF Mangos, TJ Haas, MJ TI A spectrophotometric assay for the enzymatic demethoxylation of pectins and the determination of pectinesterase activity SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METHYL ESTERASE; METHANOL; PURIFICATION AB A rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of pectinesterase activity is presented. In this assay, methanol released from pectin by pectinesterase is oxidized with alcohol oxidase to form hydrogen peroxide and formaldehyde. Hydrogen peroxide is then quantitated with peroxidase and the chromogen 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-s acid). Since both reactions exhibit the same pH optimum it was possible to couple the methanol assay directly to the action of pectinesterase for the real-time determination of this enzyme. The assay is reliable and sensitive, being capable of quantitating a minimum pectinesterase activity of 0.0625 unit (1 unit = 1 mu M methanol released per minute). It is also capable of detecting the enzymatic demethoxylation of galactopyranosyl uronic acid methyl esters of pectin down to a minimum concentration of 1.56 nM of methanol per milliliter using a pectin substrate with a methoxy content of 10% (w/w) at a concentration of 0.5 mu g/ml. RP Mangos, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,600 E MERMAID LANE,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 244 IS 2 BP 357 EP 366 DI 10.1006/abio.1996.9908 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA WD144 UT WOS:A1997WD14400019 PM 9025953 ER PT J AU Hezari, M Ketchum, REB Gibson, DM Croteau, R AF Hezari, M Ketchum, REB Gibson, DM Croteau, R TI Taxol production and taxadiene synthase activity in Taxus canadensis cell suspension cultures SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Taxol; paclitaxel, cell culture; Taxus canadensis; Canadian yew; taxadiene, taxadiene synthase; diterpene cyclase; diterpene biosynthesis ID PACIFIC YEW; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; COMMITTED STEP; BIOSYNTHESIS; TAXA-4(5),11(12)-DIENE; CHEMISTRY; TAXANES; CYCLIZATION; BREVIFOLIA; PACLITAXEL AB The cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene represents the first committed, and a slow, step in the complex biosynthetic pathway leading to the anticancer drug Taxol. The cyclization enzyme, taxadiene synthase, has been previously purified from Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia) stem and characterized, and the corresponding cDNA has been isolated. To better assess the role of taxadiene synthase in the control of pathway flux in Canadian yew (T. canadensis) cells, a reliable system for production of Taxol in suspension culture, the enzyme from this source was isolated and shown to be chromatographically, electrophoretically, and kinetically identical to that of T. brevifolia stem. Results from the analysis of enzyme activity levels during the time course of Taxol accumulation in developing cell cultures of T. canadensis indicate that rate-limiting transformations lay farther down the pathway than the cyclization step in this system. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,INST BIOL CHEM,PULLMAN,WA 99164. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM & BIOPHYS,PULLMAN,WA 99164. USDA ARS,US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB,ITHACA,NY 14853. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55138, CA55254] NR 42 TC 74 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 337 IS 2 BP 185 EP 190 DI 10.1006/abbi.1996.9772 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA WD535 UT WOS:A1997WD53500006 PM 9016812 ER PT J AU Bolstad, PV Bentz, BJ Logan, JA AF Bolstad, PV Bentz, BJ Logan, JA TI Modelling micro-habitat temperature for Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE model; temperature; insect; phenology; landscape ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; SOLAR-RADIATION; LODGEPOLE PINE; PATTERNS; STANDS; SLOPES; CLEAR; SOIL AB We evaluate two landscape-scale microhabitat temperature prediction models suitable for the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (coleoptera: scolytidae). Both models are based on maximum and minimum air temperatures measured at meteorological stations. The first, 'lapse' model employs temperature observations for a single nearby weather station, adjusting maximum and minimum temperatures based on elevation differences and appropriate historical vertical lapse rates. The second, 'geographic trend surface' model is based on the locations, elevations, and daily temperature measurements of surrounding weather stations. Predicted air temperatures are adjusted with a radiance-based exposure index to estimate sub-cortical phloem temperatures. Model parameters were estimated using original field measurements at three sites, and using 25 years of regional temperature measurements for sites in the western United States. Stand air temperature and phloem predictions were validated in comparisons with four withheld weather stations, and against one year of independently measured temperatures from four forest stands. Mean errors (observed minus predicted) of daily maximum stand air temperature ranged from -3.9 to 1.5 degrees C, while mean prediction errors for daily minimum air temperatures ranged from -6.3 to 1.7 degrees C. The geographic trend surface model performed slightly better across a range of sites, both for maximum and minimum air temperatures. Phloem temperature predictions were generally more variable, particularly for maximum temperatures on south sides of trees. Standard deviations in prediction errors were generally lower for minimum temperatures and did not differ by model form or tree exposures. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USFS,FOREST SCI LAB,INTERMT RES STN,LOGAN,UT 84321. RP Bolstad, PV (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT FOREST RESOURCES,1530 N CLEVELAND AVE,ST PAUL,MN 55108, USA. RI Lundquist, John/B-6433-2012 NR 37 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 2-3 BP 287 EP 297 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(96)00021-X PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WW592 UT WOS:A1997WW59200013 ER PT J AU Penfold, LM Garner, DL Donoghue, AM Johnson, LA AF Penfold, LM Garner, DL Donoghue, AM Johnson, LA TI Comparative viability of bovine sperm frozen on a cryomicroscope or in straws SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cryomicroscopy; flow cytometry; fluorescent stains ID MEMBRANE INTEGRITY; PROPIDIUM IODIDE; RAM SPERMATOZOA; MAMMALIAN SPERM; BULL SPERM; CRYOPRESERVATION; SURVIVAL; SYBR-14; RATES; SEMEN AB The accuracy and repeatability of freezing rates and effects of evaporation were examined using a new cryomicroscope system to establish its usefulness in assessing the development of cryopreservation protocols for bovine semen. Post-thaw sperm plasma membrane integrity, as assessed by using combinations of fluorescent stains and flow cytometry, was used in evaluating protocols for freezing spermatozoa on the cryomicroscope. Semen was diluted in Test-yolk (20%) extender containing 7% glycerol and frozen in 0.5-ml straws, 0.25-ml straws (over liquid nitrogen for 8 min) or in a quartz crucible using a Linkam BCS 196 cryomicroscope. Thawed samples were diluted with Hepes buffered medium containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and stained with either carboxymethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) or SYBR-14 each in combination with propidium iodide (PI). Flow cytometry analysis of the samples revealed 2 major populations: 1) spermatozoa with intense green fluorescence (stained with CMFDA or SYBR-14), which were classified as plasma membrane-intact and 2) spermatozoa with intense red fluorescence, (stained with PI), which were classified as plasma membrane-damaged. Samples frozen using the cryomicroscope contained 29 and 26% plasma membrane-intact (PMI) sperm cells, as assessed by CMFDA and SYBR-14, respectively. Cryopreservation of spermatozoa in 0.5-ml straws resulted in 22 and 20% plasma membrane-intact sperm cells, while spermatozoa frozen in 0.25-ml straws resulted in 34 and 31% PMI sperm cells for CWFDA and SYBR-14, respectively. No significant difference was observed (P>0.05) for PMI spermatozoa stained with either CMFDA or SYBR-14. In addition, the ability to recover spermatozoa after freezing on the cryomicroscope establishes the Linkam BCS 196 as a useful tool for the study of sperm cell cryopreservation. (C) 1997 by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 UNIV NEVADA,SCH VET MED,RENO,NV 89557. RP Penfold, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS,GERMPLASM & GAMETE PHYSIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 15 PY 1997 VL 47 IS 2 BP 521 EP 530 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(97)00010-1 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA WH485 UT WOS:A1997WH48500010 PM 16728004 ER PT J AU Mason, PW Piccone, ME McKenna, TSC Chinsangaram, J Grubman, MJ AF Mason, PW Piccone, ME McKenna, TSC Chinsangaram, J Grubman, MJ TI Evaluation of a live-attenuated foot-and-mouth disease virus as a vaccine candidate SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BINDING-PROTEIN COMPLEX; LEADER PROTEIN; POLY(C) TRACTS; IDENTIFICATION; SITE; CLEAVAGE AB A variant of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) lacking the leader (L) coding region (A12-LLV2) was previously constructed and shown to he less Virulent in cattle than its wild-type parent (A12-IC). In this study, cattle were tested for their clinical and immunological responses to subcutaneous inoculation with A12-LLV2 or A12-IC or to intramuscular vaccination with chemically inactivated A12-IC. Five weeks postinoculation animals were challenged by intradermal inoculation in the tongue with a Virulent cattle-passaged virus. A12-LLV2-inoculated animals showed no clinical signs of disease and developed a neutralizing antibody response by 4 days postinoculation, whereas a companion control bovine did not seroconvert After challenge, two of three inoculated animals did not develop lesions, but showed mild signs of infection. The third inoculated animal developed some lesions, but these were less severe than in the uninoculated control animal, which showed classical FMD. All animals inoculated with A12-IC developed a fever, two showed typical FMD lesions, and the companion control seroconverted, indicating that it had acquired infection by contact The Ala-IC-inoculated animals and the control were protected from challenge. Animals Vaccinated with inactivated virus showed no clinical signs of disease and developed a neutralizing antibody response, and the control did not seroconvert Upon challenge none of the vaccinated animals developed lesions, one developed a fever, and the control developed FMD. These experiments demonstrate the potential of a rationally designed live-attenuated FMDV vaccine. (C) 1997 Academic Press C1 USDA ARS,PLUM ISL ANIM DIS CTR,GREENPORT,NY 11944. USDA ARS,FOREIGN ANIM DIS DIAGNOST LAB,GREENPORT,NY 11944. NR 33 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN 6 PY 1997 VL 227 IS 1 BP 96 EP 102 DI 10.1006/viro.1996.8309 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA WD165 UT WOS:A1997WD16500011 PM 9007062 ER PT J AU Huang, TL Richards, M AF Huang, TL Richards, M TI Development of a high-performance capillary isoelectric focusing technique with application to studies of microheterogeneity in chicken conalbumin SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE conalbumin; metalloproteins ID GRADIENT IMAGING-SYSTEM; HUMAN-SERUM TRANSFERRIN; ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTEINS; MOBILIZATION; DISPLACEMENT; SEPARATION; ARRAY AB A robust, simple, reproducible isoelectric focusing method using capillary electrophoresis that exhibits high stability, migration time reproducibility and pH linearity over a wide pH gradient was developed. Consecutive runs (over 113 runs) of several proteins and one peptide with isoelectric points (pIs) ranging from 9.45 to 2.75 yielded excellent migration time reproducibility (<2% R.S.D.). Experimental parameters including buffer aging and capillary-to-capillary variation were thoroughly examined and optimized to improve the migration time reproducibility. The capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) method was applied to the analysis of chicken conalbumin (ovotransferrin), an iron-binding protein in egg white. Conalbumin (low iron content) separated into three major components with pls of 7.2, 6.6 and 6.2. When the protein was saturated with iron (2 Fe/mol), a shift to lower pls was detected. Chicken serum transferrin subjected to CIEF gave a pattern similar to conalbumin with three pls of 7.1, 6.6 and 6.1, indicating that it was not fully saturated with iron. Thus, CIEF can be used as a potential analytical method to provide information about the metal-binding properties of specific metalloproteins. C1 USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Huang, TL (reprint author), BECKMAN INSTRUMENTS INC,2500 HARBOR BLVD,FULLERTON,CA 92634, USA. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 3 PY 1997 VL 757 IS 1-2 BP 247 EP 253 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(96)00684-X PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA WE569 UT WOS:A1997WE56900024 PM 9025264 ER PT J AU Narjisse, H Malechek, JC Olsen, JD AF Narjisse, H Malechek, JC Olsen, JD TI Influence of odor and taste of monoterpenoids on food selection by anosmic and intact sheep and goats SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE monoterpenoids; odor; taste; anosmia; food preference; sheep; goats ID DEER PREFERENCE; SNOWSHOE HARES; DEFENSE AB Monoterpenoid compounds are found in many taxa including Artemisia and Juniperus sp., and are presumed to deter herbivores from feeding on plants producing them. This study explored the potential influences of monoterpenoid odor and taste on food preference of anosmic and intact sheep and goats. Odor contamination was achieved by placing a cotton swab saturated with a standard mixture of monoterpenoids in a vial which was hung at the entry of the feeder. Taste discrimination was tested by offering anosmic animals a choice between a feeder containing alfalfa pellets contaminated with the standard mixture of monoterpenoids or a similar feeder containing non-contaminated standard diet. Results indicated that sheep and goats discriminated against monoterpenoid odor and taste, respectively. However, because of the potential interaction of concentration of monoterpenoids used, animal age, adaptation to odor and taste, and location preference, the possibility that sheep and goats discriminate against monoterpenoid odor and taste has not been definitely proven nor disproven. C1 UTAH STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGELAND RESOURCES,LOGAN,UT 84322. UTAH STATE UNIV,POISONOUS PLANT RES LAB,ARS,USDA,LOGAN,UT 84341. RP Narjisse, H (reprint author), INST AGRON & VET HASSAN,BP 6202 RABAT INST,RABAT,MOROCCO. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD JAN 3 PY 1997 VL 23 IS 2-3 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1016/S0921-4488(96)00900-5 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WD198 UT WOS:A1997WD19800006 ER PT J AU Sakul, H Kellom, TR AF Sakul, H Kellom, TR TI Heritability of entropion in several US sheep breeds SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE entropion; sheep; heritability; genetic parameters AB Heritability for incidence of entropion was estimated in an experimental flock of purebred (Columbia (C), Polypay (P), Rambouillet (R), Suffolk (S), and Targhee (T)) and crossbred (from matings of Finnsheep rams with C, R and T ewes, from Merino x R matings, and from miscellaneous other matings) lambs. Data from 1986 to 1994 which included 39 440 records were analyzed using a multiple trait REML program with an Animal Model (AM). Overall mean incidence rate for entropion was 3.1% over a 9 year period, ranging from 1.1% in 1988 to 5.0% in 1989. Breed group ranking within each year was consistent, with overall mean incidence rates of 10.4%, 6.9%, 6.4%, 3.7%, and 3.3% for Suffolk, Merino-crosses, Columbia, Targhee, and Rambouillet groups, respectively. Purebred Polypay and Finn-crossbred lambs each had 1.0% overall incidence rate. For all breed groups analyzed together, the direct heritability estimate for incidence of entropion was 0.15. Heritability estimates for separate purebred groups were 0.21, 0.17, 0.10, 0.09 and 0.08 for C, S, T, R and P, respectively. It was concluded that selection against entropion can lower incidence rates, at least in Columbia and Suffolk breeds. C1 ARS,USDA,US SHEEP EXPT STN,DUBOIS,ID 83423. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD JAN 3 PY 1997 VL 23 IS 2-3 BP 187 EP 190 DI 10.1016/S0921-4488(96)00911-X PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WD198 UT WOS:A1997WD19800016 ER PT J AU Jones, DL Kochian, LV AF Jones, DL Kochian, LV TI Aluminum interaction with plasma membrane lipids and enzyme metal binding sites and its potential role in Al cytotoxicity SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aluminium; cytotoxicity; enzyme activity; lipid binding; metal binding; zinc ID TOXICITY; CALMODULIN; CALCIUM; CATIONS; PHOSPHOLIPASE; TOLERANCE; PATHWAY; CELLS; YEAST AB The trivalent cation aluminum can cause chronic cytotoxicity in plants, animals and microorganisms. It has been suggested that Al interaction with cell membranes and enzyme metal binding sites may be involved in Al cytotoxicity, In this study, the binding of Al to microsomes and liposomes was found to be lipid dependent with the signal transduction element phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate having the highest affinity for Al with an Al:lipid stoichiometry of 1:1, Al binding was only reduced in the presence of high concentrations of Ca2+ (>1 mM), Both citrate and, to a lesser extent, malate were capable of preventing Al lipid binding, which is consistent with the involvement of these organic acids in a recently described Al detoxification mechanism in plants, The effects of AlCl3, Al-citrate and ZnSO4 on metal-dependent enzyme activities (enolase, pyruvate kinase, H+-ATPase, myosin, Calpain, proteinase K, phospholipase A(2) and arginase) was assayed in vitro, While Zn2+ was capable of inhibiting all the enzymes except the H+-ATPase, AlCl3 and Al-citrate had minimal effects except for with phospholipase A(2) where an interaction with AlCl3 occurred, However, this could be negated by the addition of citrate, The results indicate that, contrary to current hypotheses, the toxic mode of Al is not through an interaction with enzymatic catalytic metal binding sites but may be through the interaction with specific membrane lipids. C1 CORNELL UNIV, USDA ARS, US PLANT SOIL & NUTR LAB, ITHACA, NY 14850 USA. RP Jones, DL (reprint author), UNIV WALES, SCH AGR & FOREST SCI, BANGOR LL57 2UW, GWYNEDD, WALES. RI Jones, Davey/C-7411-2011; OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X NR 36 TC 85 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD JAN 2 PY 1997 VL 400 IS 1 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(96)01319-1 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA WB678 UT WOS:A1997WB67800012 PM 9000512 ER PT J AU Pare, PW Tumlinson, JH AF Pare, PW Tumlinson, JH TI Induced synthesis of plant volatiles SO NATURE LA English DT Letter ID PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; PARASITIC WASPS; COTESIA-MARGINIVENTRIS; DAMAGED PLANTS; METABOLISM; ALLELOCHEMICALS; IDENTIFICATION; HOMOTERPENES; MICROHABITAT; BIOSYNTHESIS RP Pare, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS,CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL,1700 SW 23RD DR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608, USA. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011; Pare, Paul/E-3055-2013 OI Pare, Paul/0000-0003-1644-723X NR 21 TC 154 Z9 188 U1 4 U2 35 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 2 PY 1997 VL 385 IS 6611 BP 30 EP 31 DI 10.1038/385030a0 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA WA731 UT WOS:A1997WA73100032 ER PT B AU Johnson, GL Daly, C Taylor, GH Hanson, CL Lu, YY AF Johnson, GL Daly, C Taylor, GH Hanson, CL Lu, YY GP AMS TI GEM model temperature and precipitation parameter variability, and distribution using PRISM SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Applied Climatology CY OCT 20-23, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USDA, NRCS, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Johnson, GL (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, 101 SW Main St,Suite 1600, Portland, OR 97204 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 210 EP 214 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK86P UT WOS:000073700700061 ER PT B AU Motha, R Peterlin, A Puterbaugh, T Stefanski, R Brusberg, M AF Motha, R Peterlin, A Puterbaugh, T Stefanski, R Brusberg, M GP AMS TI Definition of climate services for agriculture SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Applied Climatology CY OCT 20-23, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USDA, OCE, WAOB, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Motha, R (reprint author), USDA, OCE, WAOB, 1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 329 EP 332 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK86P UT WOS:000073700700094 ER PT B AU Pasteris, PA Marron, JK Johnson, GL Garen, DC AF Pasteris, PA Marron, JK Johnson, GL Garen, DC GP AMS TI Alliances for progress - How the USDA-NRCS is meeting the climate challenges of the 21st century SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Applied Climatology CY OCT 20-23, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 Natl Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Pasteris, PA (reprint author), Natl Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, 101 SW Main St,Suite 1600, Portland, OR 97204 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 333 EP 337 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK86P UT WOS:000073700700095 ER PT B AU Johnson, GL Gommes, R AF Johnson, GL Gommes, R GP AMS TI Extreme events and agriculture: Overview of conclusions from a World Meteorological Organization working group SO 10TH CONFERENCE ON APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Applied Climatology CY OCT 20-23, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USDA, NRCS, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Johnson, GL (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, 101 SW Main St,Suite 1600, Portland, OR 97204 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 342 EP 345 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BK86P UT WOS:000073700700097 ER PT S AU Luppold, W AF Luppold, W BE Pallardy, SG Cecich, RA Garrett, HG Johnson, PS TI Industry's needs and concerns SO 11TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY MAR 23-26, 1997 CL UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO SP Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Missouri Dept Conservat HO UNIV MISSOURI C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Expt Stn, Princeton, WV USA. RP Luppold, W (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Expt Stn, Princeton, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 1997 VL 188 BP 24 EP 24 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK52U UT WOS:000072439000003 ER PT S AU LeDoux, CB AF LeDoux, CB BE Pallardy, SG Cecich, RA Garrett, HG Johnson, PS TI Evaluating timber harvesting impacts on wildlife habitat suitability using FOREX SO 11TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY MAR 23-26, 1997 CL UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO SP Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Missouri Dept Conservat HO UNIV MISSOURI AB Precommercial, commercial, and final harvesting operations can impact wildlife habitat suitability by altering the vegetation composition on a given site. Harvesting operations remove trees and many times provide the necessary perturbation to trigger successional conditions different from those that existed prior to the harvest. Although these new successional changes can be beneficial to a wide array of wildlife species, they also can alter the site such that some wildlife species that were once abundant will no longer find the site suitable. In this paper, FOREX is used to demonstrate how managers, loggers, and planners can evaluate the impact of proposed harvest treatments on wildlife habitat suitability. FOREX is an integrated expert system that explicitly considers the potential growth and yield of a stand, wood products and their development over time, the logging technology needed for harvests scheduled, the economic and market factors involved, and the impacts on wildlife habitat. Initial results suggest that a series of light thinnings can provide positive cash flows to the landowner and meet the habitat needs for many species of birds, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals for a long period of time. The results also show that removing all the downed, dead woody material from the forest floor is detrimental to many species of wildlife, and that the final harvest has the most impact on wildlife habitat suitability. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP LeDoux, CB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 1997 VL 188 BP 26 EP 35 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK52U UT WOS:000072439000005 ER PT S AU McWilliams, WH Arner, SL Barnett, CJ AF McWilliams, WH Arner, SL Barnett, CJ BE Pallardy, SG Cecich, RA Garrett, HG Johnson, PS TI Summary of mortality statistics and Forest Health Monitoring results for the northeastern United States SO 11TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY MAR 23-26, 1997 CL UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO SP Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Missouri Dept Conservat HO UNIV MISSOURI AB The USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program and the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) program maintain networks of sample locations providing coarse-scale information that characterize general indicators of forest health. Tree mortality is the primary FIA variable for analyzing forest health. Recent FIA inventories of New York, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia reveal that the current rate of mortality, expressed as percent of basal area of live trees, is 1.01. The Virginia Pine (Pinus virginiana) and Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida) forest types, growing along the ridges of the Appalachian Mountains, had high rates of mortality compared to the average rate for the study regions. By diameter class, mortality rates were above average in the two smallest diameter classes and the largest diameter class. Counties with above average mortality were concentrated in northern New York, the southern half of Pennsylvania, and in a patchwork pattern in West Virginia. The top five mortality species/species groups were American elm (Ulmus americana), balsam fir (Abies balsamea), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), aspen (Populus grandidentata and P. tremuloides), and Virginia pine. The FHM program used crown density, foliage transparency, and crown dieback as indicators of forest health. The most current FHM results indicate that 97.3% of hardwood sample trees in New England and 97.5 in the three Mid-Atlantic states had crown density of greater than 20%. In terms of foliage transparency, 98.9% of the hardwood sample trees in New England had foliage transparency of 30% or less. For the Mid-Atlantic states, 92.5% had foliage transparency of 30% or less. Also, 95.8 and 98.1% of the hardwood sample trees had crown dieback of 20% or less in the New England and Mid-Atlantic regions, respectively. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Radnor, PA 19087 USA. RP McWilliams, WH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, 5 Radnor Corp Ctr,Suite 200, Radnor, PA 19087 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 1997 VL 188 BP 59 EP 75 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK52U UT WOS:000072439000011 ER PT S AU Widmann, RH Schmidt, TL AF Widmann, RH Schmidt, TL BE Pallardy, SG Cecich, RA Garrett, HG Johnson, PS TI Trends in hardwood timber resources for the Northern states SO 11TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY MAR 23-26, 1997 CL UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO SP Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Missouri Dept Conservat HO UNIV MISSOURI AB The forests of the 20-state Northern Region are maturing. The portion of timberland covered by sawtimber-size stands has increased and the area in the sapling/seedling-size stands has decreased. Growing-stock volume has doubled since the early 1950's. Most of the recent gains in volume have occurred on sawtimber-size trees, resulting in large increases in sawtimber volume. Individual species are growing and being removed at different rates, causing changes in the species composition of the forest. For example, red maple (Acer rubrum L.) is increasing at a faster rate than many of the more desirable species, such as oaks (Quercus spp.). C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Radnor, PA 19087 USA. RP Widmann, RH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, 5 Radnor Corp Ctr,Suite 200, Radnor, PA 19087 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 1997 VL 188 BP 76 EP 88 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK52U UT WOS:000072439000012 ER PT S AU Birch, TW AF Birch, TW BE Pallardy, SG Cecich, RA Garrett, HG Johnson, PS TI Private forest owners of the Central Hardwood Forest SO 11TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY MAR 23-26, 1997 CL UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO SP Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Missouri Dept Conservat HO UNIV MISSOURI AB A recently completed survey of woodland owners provides insight into the owners of private forest lands in the Central Hardwood Region. There is increasing parcelization of forested lands and an increase in the numbers of nonindustrial private forest-land owners. Over half of the private owners have harvested timber from their holdings at some time in the past, they control three-quarters of the private forest. Owners have a positive attitude toward timber cutting at a time when there is greater demand for products from the forest. Because private forest owners have virtually total authority over their lands, it is essential that we monitor this resource and maintain good stewardship to ensure continued productivity for future generations. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Radnor, PA 19086 USA. RP Birch, TW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Radnor, PA 19086 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 1997 VL 188 BP 89 EP 97 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK52U UT WOS:000072439000013 ER PT S AU Birch, TW Hershey, RR Kern, P AF Birch, TW Hershey, RR Kern, P BE Pallardy, SG Cecich, RA Garrett, HG Johnson, PS TI Identifying forest lands in urban areas in the Central Hardwood Region SO 11TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY MAR 23-26, 1997 CL UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO SP Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Missouri Dept Conservat HO UNIV MISSOURI AB Forests in urban areas are an important component of urban and suburban environments. They provide places for recreation and environmental education, wildlife habitat for species adapted to living near humans, contribute to general human physical and psychological health. Knowing how much and what type of forest exists in urban areas provides critical baseline data for evaluating changes in that resource, and critical data to access factors that influence forest management and health. Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data combined with population estimates constitute two valuable sources of information that show promise in understanding the extent, structure, and location of the forest resource in urban areas of the central hardwood region. Ownership information was examined to assess whether size and/or type of ownership is related to population density. There is increasing parcelization of forested lands and an increase in the numbers of nonindustrial private forest-land owners. Identifying where this parcelization is taking place in relation to population centers is important in understanding the process of fragmentation of forest land. The use of these techniques offer an opportunity to monitor changes in this important resource. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Radnor, PA 19086 USA. RP Birch, TW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, 5 Radnor Corp Ctr, Radnor, PA 19086 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 1997 VL 188 BP 98 EP 116 PG 19 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK52U UT WOS:000072439000014 ER PT S AU Vasievich, JM Hobrla, SL Hansen, MH AF Vasievich, JM Hobrla, SL Hansen, MH BE Pallardy, SG Cecich, RA Garrett, HG Johnson, PS TI Distribution and extent of tree mortality in North Central hardwood forests SO 11TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY MAR 23-26, 1997 CL UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO SP Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Missouri Dept Conservat HO UNIV MISSOURI C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 1997 VL 188 BP 117 EP 117 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK52U UT WOS:000072439000015 ER PT S AU Vasievich, JM Mills, WL Cherry, HR AF Vasievich, JM Mills, WL Cherry, HR BE Pallardy, SG Cecich, RA Garrett, HG Johnson, PS TI Hardwood timber sales on State forests in Indiana: Characteristics influencing costs and prices SO 11TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY MAR 23-26, 1997 CL UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO SP Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Missouri Dept Conservat HO UNIV MISSOURI AB Timber sales conducted on State-owned forests in Indiana from 1982 to 1994 were analyzed to determine changes in costs and prices and the effect of sale conditions on costs and prices. The data set included 445 sales that ranged in size from less than 1 acre to more than 500 acres. Sales were predominantly partial cuts in mature hardwood timber. Marked timber volume was less than 5 Mbf (thousand board feet) per acre for most sales. Some sales included other methods, such as clearcutting or seedtree harvests, on some or all of the sale area. Direct costs for planning and conducting timber sales averaged $8.19 per Mbf, excluding overhead. This represented 3.9% of the high bid. Direct sale costs per Mbf increased only slightly from 1982 to 1994, about 0.1% faster than inflation over the period. Bid prices averaged $181 per Mbf over the time period and rose by 3.77% faster than inflation. Linear regression was used to identify sale characteristics that significantly affect costs and prices. Analysis showed that much of the variability in direct costs and bid prices per Mbf could be explained by available information for each sale. The r-square values were 0.74 for direct costs and 0.91 for high bid. Sale date, contract length, percent preferred species, total number of trees sold, and number of trees sold per acre all increased direct costs per Mbf for conducting sales. Total sale volume and volume per acre were negatively correlated with costs, indicating economies of scale. For stumpage prices, sale date, total sale volume, and percent preferred species were positively correlated. Size of sales in acres, number of culls, and number of trees in the sale reduced bid prices per Mbf. Although not a useful predictor of price, the number of bids was positively correlated with per unit price. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Vasievich, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, 1407 S Harrison Rd E, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 1997 VL 188 BP 118 EP 128 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK52U UT WOS:000072439000016 ER PT S AU Graney, DL Murphy, PA AF Graney, DL Murphy, PA BE Pallardy, SG Cecich, RA Garrett, HG Johnson, PS TI An evaluation of uneven-aged cutting methods in even-aged oak-hickory stands in the Boston Mountains of Arkansas SO 11TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY MAR 23-26, 1997 CL UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO SP Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Missouri Dept Conservat HO UNIV MISSOURI AB A test of group-selection and single-tree selection cutting methods was installed in 80-year-old even-aged oak-hickory stands in the Boston Mountains of northern Arkansas. Twenty-four 11-ac study plots were installed in well stocked stands representing north or east and south or west aspects. Stands between group openings were cut to residual basal areas of 65 and 85 ft(2) using free thinning or structural control. This paper describes (1) the effect of aspect on preharvest stand structure and species composition, (2) preharvest reproduction composition, and (3) the effect of cutting method and density treatments on residual stand structure. The implications of existing stand structure and cutting method efficacy are also discussed. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Graney, DL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 726 W Maple St, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 1997 VL 188 BP 130 EP 146 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK52U UT WOS:000072439000018 ER PT S AU Loewenstein, EF Johnson, PS Garrett, HE AF Loewenstein, EF Johnson, PS Garrett, HE BE Pallardy, SG Cecich, RA Garrett, HG Johnson, PS TI Diameter growth of trees in an uneven-aged oak forest in the Missouri Ozarks SO 11TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY MAR 23-26, 1997 CL UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO SP Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Missouri Dept Conservat HO UNIV MISSOURI C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 1997 VL 188 BP 147 EP 148 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK52U UT WOS:000072439000019 ER PT S AU Weigel, DR Johnson, PS AF Weigel, DR Johnson, PS BE Pallardy, SG Cecich, RA Garrett, HG Johnson, PS TI Planting oaks in the central hardwood region: A shelterwood approach SO 11TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY MAR 23-26, 1997 CL UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO SP Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Missouri Dept Conservat HO UNIV MISSOURI C1 N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Bedford, IN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 1997 VL 188 BP 151 EP 151 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK52U UT WOS:000072439000022 ER PT S AU Muzika, RM Feicht, DL Fosbroke, SL AF Muzika, RM Feicht, DL Fosbroke, SL BE Pallardy, SG Cecich, RA Garrett, HG Johnson, PS TI Disturbance-related changes in ground flora of West Virginia oak forests SO 11TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY MAR 23-26, 1997 CL UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO SP Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Missouri Dept Conservat HO UNIV MISSOURI C1 US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 1997 VL 188 BP 161 EP 161 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK52U UT WOS:000072439000024 ER PT S AU Sutherland, EK AF Sutherland, EK BE Pallardy, SG Cecich, RA Garrett, HG Johnson, PS TI History of fire in a southern Ohio second-growth mixed-oak forest SO 11TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY MAR 23-26, 1997 CL UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO SP Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Missouri Dept Conservat HO UNIV MISSOURI AB The role of fire in shaping the composition and structure of Quercus (oak)-dominated communities in the deciduous forests of eastern North America is becoming clearer but fire regimes are less well known. I analyzed the fire-scar patterns in 14 oak cross sections from a mixed-oak stand in Vinton County, southeastern Ohio, to determine the frequency and seasonality of fire. This oak stand was even-aged and originated in the mid-1850s, so the fire history is representative of the period after Euro-American settlement. The tree rings were crossdated, calendar year of the fire scars was assigned, and season of burning noted. The fire-scar dates are Weibull-distributed, and the median probability interval is 3.6 years. The 95% and 5% Weibull probability exceedance intervals were 0.4 and 12.1. Spatially extensive (major) fires occurred every 7.5 years, and the 95% and 5% exceedance intervals for these fires were 0.9 and 24.3. The fires probably were ignited by people. Fire scars indicated that most fires (69%) occurred during the dormant season or in the spring (25%) and were rare (6%) during the summer (May 1 to July 30). These patterns are not significantly different from dates of observed wildfires in Vinton County. Seasonal climate has no apparent relationship to fire occurrence. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Sutherland, EK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 1997 VL 188 BP 172 EP 183 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK52U UT WOS:000072439000027 ER PT S AU Shifley, SR Thompson, FR Larsen, DR Mladenoff, DJ AF Shifley, SR Thompson, FR Larsen, DR Mladenoff, DJ BE Pallardy, SG Cecich, RA Garrett, HG Johnson, PS TI Modeling forest landscape change in the Ozarks: Guiding principles and preliminary implementation SO 11TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY MAR 23-26, 1997 CL UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO SP Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Missouri Dept Conservat HO UNIV MISSOURI AB Although research and management approaches for ecosystem management have been troublesome to define, we believe a number of guidelines can be used to focus research. These include: (1) synthesize the extensive information describing hardwood ecosystem response to disturbance, (2) ensure that syntheses cross traditional boundaries between disciplines and resources, (3) develop principles that operate at the broad scale and avoid getting mired in excessive detail, (4) incorporate a modeling framework to organize information and relationships, and (5) focus on mechanisms of disturbance. Disturbance is a normal, ongoing process in Central Hardwood ecosystems. It takes many forms, but among the most extensive are weather damage, fire, and harvest and regeneration practices. Much is already known about how Central Hardwood forests respond to disturbance, but this knowledge is too poorly organized to allow us to explore the impacts of disturbance at the landscape scale. We present a structured framework for organizing and modeling ecosystem attributes (and their change over time) in Central Hardwood landscapes. The model is based on the premise that forest vegetation communities follow patterns of development that, although highly variable, have central tendencies that can be predicted through time with reasonable accuracy. After a vegetative community is altered by disturbance, it eventually resumes a characteristic (often highly stochastic) pattern of development. Although vegetation characteristics are dynamic in time, they are spatially anchored. Knowledge of the vegetation condition at a given place and time allows us to associate other ecosystem attributes that can be estimated from vegetation conditions (e.g., economic value, wildlife habitat suitability, scenic beauty). For a large forested landscape, a suitable minimum scale of analysis is the stand, typically about 5 ha in size with boundaries that often coincide with physiographic features. Patterns at this scale can be aggregated and analyzed to evaluate ecosystem attributes that operate at larger scales. Tools to facilitate this procedure are already available or can be adapted to the task. We recalibrated the LANDIS model for the species and conditions in the Missouri Ozarks and used that model to simulate landscape change through time. We demonstrate the model showing simulated patterns of disturbance and vegetation response for a small Ozark forest landscape. C1 Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Shifley, SR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, 1-26 Agr Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 1997 VL 188 BP 231 EP 241 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK52U UT WOS:000072439000034 ER PT S AU Cecich, RA AF Cecich, RA BE Pallardy, SG Cecich, RA Garrett, HG Johnson, PS TI Influence of weather on pollination and acorn production in two species of Missouri oaks SO 11TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY MAR 23-26, 1997 CL UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO SP Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Missouri Dept Conservat HO UNIV MISSOURI AB The process by which oak pistillate flowers become acorns is reasonably understood from an anatomical perspective; however, the way that various factors influence this process is still unclear. This study examined acorn production in a small population of white oak and black oak trees in central Missouri, from 1990 to 1995, in relation to weather variables (maximum and average temperature, relative humidity, fog, rain, and hail) at the time of pollination. There was large tree-tree and year-year variation in the size of flower crops and the dates when the flowers aborted. In the white oaks, acorn production was never high in relation to the number of flowers produced; most flowers aborted by July every year. The black oaks generally produced more acorns than the white oaks, but some individual trees never produced a mature acorn from their large flower crops. This variation in acorn production is correlated with certain weather variables at the estimated time of pollination and for the 1 or 2 weeks before and after those dates. Significant negative correlations with black and white oak acorn production were found for maximum temperature and the number of days with hail during pollination. Rain during pollination was negatively correlated with white oak flower survival in July. In both the black and white oaks, flower survival in early July, following pollination, was positively correlated with acorn production. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Cecich, RA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 1997 VL 188 BP 252 EP 261 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK52U UT WOS:000072439000037 ER PT S AU Van Sambeek, JW Kobe, JM Fralish, JS AF Van Sambeek, JW Kobe, JM Fralish, JS BE Pallardy, SG Cecich, RA Garrett, HG Johnson, PS TI Interference with shoot growth and flowering of dittany (Cunila origanoides (L) Britton) by hardwood leachates SO 11TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY MAR 23-26, 1997 CL UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO SP Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Missouri Dept Conservat HO UNIV MISSOURI AB This study examined the potential role of hardwood leachates in the reduction of understory forbs in oak-hickory stands following invasion by sugar maple and dense-canopy shrubs. We conducted a shaded greenhouse experiment during two summers using stonemint dittany (Cunila origanoides (L.) Britton) as an indicator species. We used a modified stair-step bioassay with donor pots producing two levels of recycled leachates from hardwood seedlings root exudates, foliage washes, and decaying leaves. At the lower density, each donor pot had three hardwood seedlings and three applications 300 cm(2) of mature leaves of the same species to the litter layer (LAI = 1.5). At the higher density, we doubled the number of seedlings and surface area of mature leaves in the litter layer (LAI=3.0). Donor species tested for 1 or 2 years included sand-only, sugar maple, white oak, flowering dogwood, pawpaw, and black walnut. Dittany stem height ranged from 38 cm when exposed to leachates from white oak seedlings to 49 cm when exposed to leachates from sand-only donor pots. Dittany stem dry weights sh-owed no differences in either year in response to leachates produced by different hardwood seedlings or at the two donor densities. Most dittany stems produced nearly 2,000 flowers during a 10 week period which began with completion of axillary shoot elongation. No differences in date of flower initiation or cumulative flower production were found in response to any of the hardwood leachates. We conclude that allelopathic interference of dittany by hardwoods, if it occurs at all, may require more stressful conditions than were created in this study and that the absence of dittany in oak-hickory stands after the invasion by sugar maple or pawpaw results primarily from competition for light and other resources. C1 Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Van Sambeek, JW (reprint author), Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, 1-26 Agr Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 1997 VL 188 BP 294 EP 303 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK52U UT WOS:000072439000044 ER PT S AU Schweitzer, CJ Stanturf, JA Shepard, JP Wilkins, TM Portwood, CJ Dorris, LC AF Schweitzer, CJ Stanturf, JA Shepard, JP Wilkins, TM Portwood, CJ Dorris, LC BE Pallardy, SG Cecich, RA Garrett, HG Johnson, PS TI Large-scale comparison of reforestation techniques commonly used in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley: First year results SO 11TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY MAR 23-26, 1997 CL UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO SP Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Missouri Dept Conservat HO UNIV MISSOURI AB In the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV), restoring bottomland hardwood forests has attracted heightened interest. The impetus involves not only environmental and aesthetic benefits, but also sound economics. Financial incentives to restore forested wetlands in the LMAV can come from federal cost share programs such as the Conservation Reserve Program and the Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP), which provide easements and funding to cover planting costs. Forestry led Mississippi agriculture production in 1995, testimony to the importance of timber. This project is designed to test four restoration techniques and includes methods outlined by both federal program guidelines and by industry. The four techniques being tested are: (1) Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Marsh.) as a nurse crop for Nuttall oak (Quercus nuttallii Palmer), (2) planting bareroot Nuttall oak seedlings, (3) direct seeding Nuttall oak acorns and, (4) natural, old field succession. A former farmland in Sharkey County, MS, was chosen as the study area because it represents edaphic and hydrologic conditions frequently encountered in economically marginal cropland in the LMAV. A randomized complete block design was used with three replications. Block size was 32 hectares, allowing for four 8 ha treatment plots. All planting was completed by March 1995, except for the interplanting of oak in the cottonwood, which will occur in year 3. Acorns were sown in May 1995. Sample plots were measured in fall 1995. Survival after one growing season averaged 92% for cottonwood, 63% for planted oak seedlings, and 11% for oak germinants. No trees were found in the natural succession plots. Number of stems per ha averaged 793 for cottonwood, 467 for seedlings and 284 for germinants. Average height of cottonwood after the first growing season was 2.1 meters, seedling height was 0.4 m, and germinant height was 0.1 m. There was variability between blocks, and seedling damage by rodents was prominent. Tree planting on land enrolled in the WRP is considered successful for wetland restoration purposes if 309 live trees per ha are present after three-growing seasons. After 1 year, both the cottonwood and oak plantings resulted in stocking that could meet these standards. Although the stocking mandated by WRP was not met for the direct seeded oak after one growing season, delayed germination may increase stocking. In addition to providing wildlife habitat, the high survival rate and rapid growth of the cottonwood will enable harvest in 10 years, generating income in a relatively short time period. Further evaluation of tree growth and survival under these restoration techniques will allow for a more definitive conclusion on their feasibility and attractiveness to landowners. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Bottomland Hardwood Res, So Res Stn, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Schweitzer, CJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Bottomland Hardwood Res, So Res Stn, Stoneville, MS USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 1997 VL 188 BP 313 EP 320 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK52U UT WOS:000072439000046 ER PT S AU Stanturf, JA Auchmoody, LR Walters, RS AF Stanturf, JA Auchmoody, LR Walters, RS BE Pallardy, SG Cecich, RA Garrett, HG Johnson, PS TI Regeneration responses of oak-dominated stands to thinning and clearcutting in northwestern Pennsylvania SO 11TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY MAR 23-26, 1997 CL UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO SP Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Missouri Dept Conservat HO UNIV MISSOURI AB Regenerating mature oak stands on better sites is difficult on the Allegheny Plateau because of abundant advance regeneration of faster growing competitors. We have observed that oak stands on the Allegheny National Forest (ANF) in northwestern Pennsylvania almost always regenerate to cherry-maple rather than to oak-hickory stands. Such conversion greatly concerns land managers and the general public. We surveyed 30 stands, varying in size from 8 to 42 acres, in a 786 acre compartment on the Sheffield Ranger District to document typical responses of oak-hickory stands on good sites to partial and complete overstory removal. These stands were 90 to 110 years-old when cut. Five stands were clearcuts that originated from previously uncut stands; 18 stands had been partially cut; and 7 stands remained uncut. The five clearcuts were 4 years old (1 stand), 7 years-old (1), and 15 years old (3) when examined. The 7 year old stand was fertilized 2 years after clearcutting. The 18 thinned stands were treated 6 years before we examined them. Trees to be cut were individually marked by ANF staff and commercially harvested. Advance reproduction in thinned stands varied from 0% to 75% of regeneration plots stocked with preferred species. Black cherry was more abundant in the advance reproduction than in the overstory. Advance reproduction of sapling size was present in 15 stands, occurring in up to 40% of plots in a stand. Most saplings were black cherry or red maple. Black cherry was the most numerous species in the clearcut stands and the only species consistently in the dominant position of the new age class. Isolated patches of dominant and co-dominant oak saplings were in the main canopy of the new age class on dry microsites and along skid trails. Oak seedlings were present in the new age class, but all were less than 1 ft tall. The unfertilized clearcut stands grew at essentially the same rate, or considerably faster than previously sampled cherry-maple stands. Response to fertilizer was of a magnitude similar to that in previously sampled cherry-maple stands. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Bottomland Hardwood Res, So Res Stn, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Stanturf, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Bottomland Hardwood Res, So Res Stn, POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 1997 VL 188 BP 321 EP 331 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK52U UT WOS:000072439000047 ER PT S AU Ponder, F AF Ponder, F BE Pallardy, SG Cecich, RA Garrett, HG Johnson, PS TI Survival and growth of hardwood seedlings following preplanting-root treatments and tree shelters SO 11TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY MAR 23-26, 1997 CL UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO SP Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Missouri Dept Conservat HO UNIV MISSOURI AB The study evaluated the influence of root collar diameter, number of large lateral roots, preplanting-root treatments (biostimulant called Roots and a moisture loss retardant called supersorb) and tree shelters on 1-0 black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings. Four years after outplanting, the survival of black walnut and northern red oak increased with the number of large lateral roots. The difference was significant (p < 0.05) for black walnut but not for northern red oak. Total seedling height was significantly affect by tree shelters. The height of black walnut and northern red oak was significantly better with tree shelters than without tree shelters. There were significant interactions between the number of large lateral roots and root treatments for height and diameter for both species and between root collar diameter and number of large lateral roots for the diameter of northern red oak. C1 Lincoln Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. RP Ponder, F (reprint author), Lincoln Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, 208 Foster Hall, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 1997 VL 188 BP 332 EP 340 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK52U UT WOS:000072439000048 ER PT S AU Schuler, TM AF Schuler, TM BE Pallardy, SG Cecich, RA Garrett, HG Johnson, PS TI Temporal variation in woody species composition from 1922 to 1996 in a second-growth Appalachian forest SO 11TH CENTRAL HARDWOOD FOREST CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference CY MAR 23-26, 1997 CL UNIV MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO SP Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Missouri Dept Conservat HO UNIV MISSOURI C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 1997 VL 188 BP 352 EP 352 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BK52U UT WOS:000072439000053 ER PT B AU Kustas, WP Prueger, JH Hipps, LE Hatfield, JL AF Kustas, WP Prueger, JH Hipps, LE Hatfield, JL GP AMS TI Application of surface layer similarity in a heterogeneous desert ecosystem SO 12TH SYMPOSIUM ON BOUNDARY LAYERS AND TURBULENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Symposium on Boundary Layers and Turbulence CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Amer Meteorol Soc (AMS), Canadian Meteorol & Oceanographic Soc C1 USDA ARS, BARC W, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kustas, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC W, Hydrol Lab, Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 1997 BP 277 EP 278 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BL60X UT WOS:000075999700140 ER PT S AU Kerem, Z Hadar, Y AF Kerem, Z Hadar, Y GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI The role of manganese in enhanced lignin degradation by Pleurotus ostreatus SO 1997 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SYMPOSIUM SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Biological Sciences Symposium CY OCT 19-23, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind AB P. ostreatus belongs to a group of basidiomycetes, degrading preferentially the lignin moiety in woody tissues. A system enabling the conduction of solid state fermentation in chemically defined medium using inert solid support was developed. Under these conditions we could study fungal growth and activities in the absence of manganese. Mn amendments were found to enhance preferential lignin degradation by P. ostreatus as shown by C-14-lignin mineralization versus C-14-Cellulose mineralization as well as the production of Mn-peroxidase. Plant extractives of peeled cotton branches were also found to enhance lignin degradation by the fungus. Cotton stalks amended with MnSO4 were shown to loose 56% of their lignin fraction. Thus showing the potential of Pleurotus in biopulping of non-woody material. The role of Mn(III) in lignin degradation is studied, using EPR spectroscopy and spin-caps. It was shown that Mn(III) can lead to the formation of reactive peroxy radicals after one-electron abstraction from keto-acids. This is supported by the obligatory need for oxygen in the reaction. These radicals, can serve as diffusible oxidants. A complete system, performing the first step of ligninolysis could then be the production of Peroxy-radicals in the reaction of Mn(III) and plant extractives in the presence of oxygen. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Kerem, Z (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-695-7 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1997 BP 29 EP 33 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Forestry; Materials Science GA BK49B UT WOS:000072319500006 ER PT S AU Akhtar, M Scott, GM Lentz, MJ Horn, EG Swaney, RE Kirk, TK Shipley, DF AF Akhtar, M Scott, GM Lentz, MJ Horn, EG Swaney, RE Kirk, TK Shipley, DF GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Meeting biological and engineering challenges during scale-up of biopulping SO 1997 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SYMPOSIUM SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Biological Sciences Symposium CY OCT 19-23, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind AB Biopulping, defined as the treatment of ligoncellulosic materials with lignin-degrading fungi prior to pulping, is an environmentally friendly process that can increase mill throughput by 30%. The process reduces the electrical energy requirement by at least 30% and also improves paper strength properties during mechanical pulping. Over a period of ten years, we established the economic feasibility of biopulping at a pilot scale after meeting both biological and engineering challenges. We identified a fungus, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora that performs biopulping very effectively on different types of wood and reduced its amount of inoculum to a commercially attractive range. We also established that a brief atmospheric steaming decontaminates the wood chip surfaces, and allows the fungus to perform biopulping. Methods for decontaminating wood chip surfaces, cooling the chips after steaming, and inoculating them with the fungus on a continuous basis were developed Methods were also developed to maintain the optimum growth temperature and moisture in the chip pile so that the fungus could perform biopulping effectively and uniformly. An economic analysis was also performed which looks very attractive, and the process appears to fit well into a mill's woodyard operations. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Biopulping Int Inc, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Akhtar, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Biopulping Int Inc, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-695-7 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1997 BP 35 EP 39 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Forestry; Materials Science GA BK49B UT WOS:000072319500007 ER PT S AU Koshinsky, H Ow, DW AF Koshinsky, H Ow, DW GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Recombinase systems in plants SO 1997 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SYMPOSIUM SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Biological Sciences Symposium CY OCT 19-23, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind AB Several site-specific DNA recombination systems have been shown to function in plants. Excision and integration of DNA relevant to genetic transformation have been described. Site-specific excision can remove selectable marker genes from plant gnomes, permitting subsequent rounds of gene transfer with the same selection protocol. The elimination of marker genes from transgenic crop plants also eases concerns over the widespread release of antibiotic resistance genes. She-specific integration of DNA has demonstrated the precise insertion of single-copy DNA into recombination sites previously placed in the plant genome. The reproducible insertion of DNA constructs into the same site permits analysis of gene alleles in the same chromosome configuration. Site-specific recombination has also been used to restructure plant gnomes. Recombination between sites placed on the same or on different chromosomes has generated chromosome deletions, inversions and reciprocal chromosome translocations. Site-specific recombination of chromosomes in vitro can also fractionate large chromosome fragments. In this session, we will present findings on the ongoing development of site-specific recombination for monocot transformation, chromosome rearrangements, interspecies chromosome recombination, and analysis of transgene expression. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Koshinsky, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-695-7 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1997 BP 295 EP 297 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Forestry; Materials Science GA BK49B UT WOS:000072319500044 ER PT S AU Scott, GM Akhtar, M Kirk, TK Swaney, R AF Scott, GM Akhtar, M Kirk, TK Swaney, R GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Engineering and economic feasibility of large-scale biopulping trials SO 1997 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SYMPOSIUM SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 1997 Biological Sciences Symposium CY OCT 19-23, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-695-7 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1997 BP 427 EP 427 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Forestry; Materials Science GA BK49B UT WOS:000072319500076 ER PT S AU Davis, M Rosin, B Landucci, LL Jeffries, TW AF Davis, M Rosin, B Landucci, LL Jeffries, TW GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Characterization of UV absorbing products released from kraft pulps by xylanases SO 1997 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SYMPOSIUM SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Biological Sciences Symposium CY OCT 19-23, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind AB Xylanase treatment of kraft pulps concomitantly decreases the amount of chemicals required for bleaching and releases chromophores. Enzymatically-released products absorb strongly in the visible and ultraviolet regions. Release of materials absorbing at 235 nm correlates positively with the efficacy of enzymatic prebleaching. Proton and carbon NMR revealed no evidence of aromatic moieties in the enzymatically-liberated material. Xylanase products were fractionated by solid-phase extraction and analyzed by ion exchange chromatography. Polar materials passing through the column did not show appreciable color but did include most of the 235 nm absorbing material. Absorbance at 235 nm was associated with a group of acidic oligosaccharides tentatively identified as Hex-A-xylooligosaccharides based upon their UV spectra and chromatographic properties. Sequential UV-absorbance and electrochemical oxidation of moieties separated by high pH anion exchange elucidated striking differences in the action patterns of three commercial enzyme preparations with respect to HexA-xylan release. This analytical approach provides a means for the rapid, routine assessment of molecular events associated with enzymatic prebleaching. C1 Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Davis, M (reprint author), Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-695-7 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1997 BP 435 EP 442 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Forestry; Materials Science GA BK49B UT WOS:000072319500079 ER PT S AU Kerem, Z Bao, WL Hammel, KE AF Kerem, Z Bao, WL Hammel, KE GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Extracellular degradation of polyethers by the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum SO 1997 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SYMPOSIUM SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Biological Sciences Symposium CY OCT 19-23, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind AB Brown rot fungi are uniquely able to decay wood by selectively degrading its cellulose. Their ability to depolymerize crystalline cellulose and to penetrate the recalcitrant lignin barrier in wood suggests the involvement of low molecular weight diffusible agents, for example iron-binding compounds that might carry out one-electron oxidation reactions. We found that cultures of the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum efficiently degraded U-[C-14]cellulose, synthetic methoxyl-[C-14]lignin and 1-[C-14]L-glucose to (CO2)-C-14. The fungus also depolymerized and mineralized poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG), a biologically recalcitrant polymer. The degradation of polyethers by G. trabeum probably reflects the operation of nonspecific extracellular oxidants. These oxidants could contribute to the depolymerization of crystalline cellulose in the fungal natural habitat. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Kerem, Z (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-695-7 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1997 BP 461 EP 462 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Forestry; Materials Science GA BK49B UT WOS:000072319500089 ER PT S AU Srebotnik, E Jensen, KA Maijala, P Hammel, KE AF Srebotnik, E Jensen, KA Maijala, P Hammel, KE GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Ligninolytic activities of the biopulping fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora in solid state cultures SO 1997 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SYMPOSIUM SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Biological Sciences Symposium CY OCT 19-23, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind AB Lignin peroxidases are generally considered the primary catalysts for the fungal cleavage of nonphenolic lignin structures. However, some white-rot fungi, such as Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, efficiently degrade nonphenolic lignin without expressing any detectable lignin peroxidase activity. Since C. subvermispora is a likely candidate for the biological pretreatment of wood chips (biopulping) on an industrial scale, a deeper knowledge of its ligninolytic system is desirable. To study the mechanism of lignin depolymerization by C. subvermispora, cellulose block cultures of the fungus were given a polymeric lignin model compound in which the beta-O-4-linked substructure of lignin is covalently attached to polyethylene glycol. The C-alpha sidechain carbon of the model was labeled with C-14 to enable the detection of structural changes following fungal attack Chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods were used to identify the products. The new models proved to be valuable tools to elucidate the major ligninolytic reactions of C. subvermispora. C-alpha-C-beta and C-beta-O-aryl cleavage were shown to be major pathways of lignin model cleavage in this fungus despite its evident lack of lignin peroxidase. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, IMBT, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Srebotnik, E (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, IMBT, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-695-7 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1997 BP 493 EP 496 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Forestry; Materials Science GA BK49B UT WOS:000072319500093 ER PT S AU Dayan, FE Duke, SO AF Dayan, FE Duke, SO GP BRIT CROP PROTECT COUNCIL BRIT CROP PROTECT COUNCIL BRIT CROP PROTECT COUNCIL TI Overview of protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibiting herbicides SO 1997 BRIGHTON CROP PROTECTION CONFERENCE - WEEDS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS - BRIGHTON CROP PROTECTION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Brighton Crop Protection Conference CY NOV 17-20, 1997 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP British Crop Protect Council AB Herbicides inhibiting protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) have been commercialized for more than 30 years, although their molecular site of action remained unknown until 1989. The patent literature indicates that there are thousands of compounds, representing numerous chemical classes, with this mode of action. The most active Protox inhibitors apparently compete for the substrate-binding site of Protox, mimicking portions of the protoporphyrinogen molecule. Light is required for the development of injury, with symptoms becoming visible within a few hours of application. The relationship between activity in the field and the mechanism of action of these compounds will be discussed. Most Protox-inhibiting herbicides are usually applied post-emergence and have broad spectrum weed control. However, more recent commercial Protox inhibitors are extending their use to new crops and to pre-emergence applications. Still, as a herbicide family, their overall impact on the agrochemical market has been limited to a few major crops due to their relatively narrow selectivity. Future use may increase because weeds have not evolved resistance to these herbicides and high levels of crop resistance may be imparted by genetic engineering. Toxicological issues will be addressed, even though these compounds are not considered to be of significant toxicological risk. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Dev Nat Prod, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Dev Nat Prod, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRITISH CROP PROTECTION COUNCIL PI FARNHAM PA 49 DOWNING ST, FARNHAM GU9 7PH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0955-1506 BN 1-901396-45-2 J9 PROC BRIGHTON CROP PY 1997 BP 83 EP 92 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK18H UT WOS:000071437600011 ER PT S AU Duke, SO Dayan, FE Hernandez, A Duke, MV Abbas, HK AF Duke, SO Dayan, FE Hernandez, A Duke, MV Abbas, HK GP BRIT CROP PROTECT COUNCIL BRIT CROP PROTECT COUNCIL BRIT CROP PROTECT COUNCIL TI Natural products as leads for new herbicide modes of action SO 1997 BRIGHTON CROP PROTECTION CONFERENCE - WEEDS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS - BRIGHTON CROP PROTECTION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Brighton Crop Protection Conference CY NOV 17-20, 1997 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP British Crop Protect Council AB A major objective of the discovery effort of the herbicide industry is to find new molecular target sites. One strategy for discovery of new molecular targets is to determine those for naturally-occurring phytotoxins. The relatively few molecular targets of natural products that are known are almost all different from those of commercial herbicides. We describe the novel sites of action and novel mechanisms of action of some of the compounds with which we have worked. These include AAL-toxin, artemisinin, australifungin, cornexistin, 1,8-cineole, cyperin, and hydantocidin. Each of these compounds appears to have a mechanism of action that is very different from that of any commercial herbicide. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. RI HERNANDEZ, ANTONIO/L-1702-2014 OI HERNANDEZ, ANTONIO/0000-0002-8718-7685 NR 0 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH CROP PROTECTION COUNCIL PI FARNHAM PA 49 DOWNING ST, FARNHAM GU9 7PH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0955-1506 BN 1-901396-45-2 J9 PROC BRIGHTON CROP PY 1997 BP 579 EP 586 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK18H UT WOS:000071437600080 ER PT S AU Abbas, HK Shier, WT AF Abbas, HK Shier, WT GP BRIT CROP PROTECT COUNCIL BRIT CROP PROTECT COUNCIL BRIT CROP PROTECT COUNCIL TI Phytotoxicity of australifungin and fumonisins to weeds SO 1997 BRIGHTON CROP PROTECTION CONFERENCE - WEEDS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS - BRIGHTON CROP PROTECTION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Brighton Crop Protection Conference CY NOV 17-20, 1997 CL BRIGHTON, ENGLAND SP British Crop Protect Council AB Fumonisin B-1 (FB1) and AAL-toxin are phytotoxic to susceptible plants by inhibition of the enzyme ceramide synthase. Australifungin is a structurally unrelated fungal metabolite that also inhibits ceramide synthase. FB1 and AAL-toxin at 1 mu M caused cellular leakage and chlorophyll loss fi om duckweed (Lemna pausicostata) plants, and from leaf discs of jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) and black nightshade (Solanum nigrum), beginning at 24 hr. Australifungin caused phytotoxicity at higher concentrations including cellular leakage and chlorophyll loss from L. pausicostata at 5 and 10 mu M, and from D. stramonium and S. nigrum at 10 and 20 mu M. An analog, australifungino1, caused no phytotoxicity at any concentration. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Abbas, HK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Lab, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH CROP PROTECTION COUNCIL PI FARNHAM PA 49 DOWNING ST, FARNHAM GU9 7PH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0955-1506 BN 1-901396-45-2 J9 PROC BRIGHTON CROP PY 1997 BP 795 EP 800 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BK18H UT WOS:000071437600126 ER PT J AU Russell, JB AF Russell, JB GP CORNELL UNIV, DEPT ANIM SCI TI Mechanisms of action of ionophores SO 1997 CORNELL NUTRITION CONFERENCE FOR FEED MANUFACTURERS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Westway Animal Nutrition Pre-Conference Symposium / Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers CY OCT 21-23, 1997 CL ROCHESTER, NY SP Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Div Nutr Sci RP Russell, JB (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,USDA ARS,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CORNELL UNIV DEPT ANIMAL SCIENCE PI ITHACA PA 272 MORRISON HALL, ITHACA, NY 14853-4801 PY 1997 BP 88 EP 92 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Nutrition & Dietetics; Zoology SC Agriculture; Nutrition & Dietetics; Zoology GA BJ89R UT WOS:A1997BJ89R00010 ER PT J AU Horst, RL Goff, JP AF Horst, RL Goff, JP GP CORNELL UNIV, DEPT ANIM SCI TI Milk fever and dietary potassium SO 1997 CORNELL NUTRITION CONFERENCE FOR FEED MANUFACTURERS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Westway Animal Nutrition Pre-Conference Symposium / Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers CY OCT 21-23, 1997 CL ROCHESTER, NY SP Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Div Nutr Sci RP Horst, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,METAB DIS & IMMUNOL RES UNIT,WASHINGTON,DC 20250, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CORNELL UNIV DEPT ANIMAL SCIENCE PI ITHACA PA 272 MORRISON HALL, ITHACA, NY 14853-4801 PY 1997 BP 181 EP 189 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Nutrition & Dietetics; Zoology SC Agriculture; Nutrition & Dietetics; Zoology GA BJ89R UT WOS:A1997BJ89R00020 ER PT S AU LeVan, SL Skog, KE Barbour, JR Clark, A Baumgras, J AF LeVan, SL Skog, KE Barbour, JR Clark, A Baumgras, J GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI National project on wood utilization for ecosystem management - An interim report SO 1997 ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBIT, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Environmental Conference and Exhibit CY MAY 05-07, 1997 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind AB Using an ecosystem approach to forest management will change silvicultural practices, thus requiring utilization options to provide revenue and help offset the costs of silviculture treatments. The Forest Service, University cooperators, and several industry mills in the U.S. South, West, and Northeast have been involved in a National multidisciplinary research project to provide (1) methods for evaluating the economic feasibility of different silvicultural treatments, (2) various harvesting methods, and (3) product options for woody materials removed from forests maintained under an ecosystem approach. This paper presents the ongoing progress of this project. RP LeVan, SL (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,USDA,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-688-4 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1997 BP 117 EP 119 PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BH87S UT WOS:A1997BH87S00020 ER PT S AU Barbour, JR Willits, S Mason, A Skog, M Tesch, S Gustafson, RR Kumar, S McNeel, J AF Barbour, JR Willits, S Mason, A Skog, M Tesch, S Gustafson, RR Kumar, S McNeel, J GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI New silvicultural practices under ecosystem management SO 1997 ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBIT, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Environmental Conference and Exhibit CY MAY 05-07, 1997 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind AB The Colville Study is a partnership between three National Forests, three forest products companies, five universities, the USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory, and the USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station. The objective of the study is to understand the potential role of wood removals in financing forest operations intended to change the growth trajectory of densely stocked small-diameter stands. We evaluated the long-term ecological implications of a range of silvicultural regimes intended to promote development of late-successional structure, wildlife habitat, reduce risk of insect attack and disease, and improve aesthetics of such stands. We also measured the productivity of a cut to length harvesting system and the product potential of treatments. To help forest managers understand the complex interactions between forest operations and value of small-diameter trees we are developing a software tool for performing financial analysis of silvicultural treatments. The study was implemented as a case study of the Rocky II Timber Sale on the Colville National Forest. Results so far suggest that active management is needed to alter growth trajectories to satisfy management goals. The costs associated with achieving silivicultural objectives are highly dependent on the harvesting system employed and the objectives of silvicultural regimes. It is important for Forest Service personnel to understand what characteristics generate value in these marginally economic stands in order to design timber sales that both meet ecological objectives and are economically feasible. RP Barbour, JR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,PACIFIC NW RES STN,USDA,POB 3890,PORTLAND,OR 97208, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-688-4 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1997 BP 121 EP 130 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BH87S UT WOS:A1997BH87S00021 ER PT S AU Myers, GC Barbour, RJ Abubakr, S AF Myers, GC Barbour, RJ Abubakr, S GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Utilization of nontraditional species SO 1997 ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBIT, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Environmental Conference and Exhibit CY MAY 05-07, 1997 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind AB Forestry practices are changing, and so are the materials being removed from the forests. The days of large, clear cuts of a single or limited number of species are either gone or fading rapidly on public lands. The volume of materials coming from the forests has also decreased. Materials being removed consist of small-diameter trees, mixed species, and mixtures of softwoods and hardwoods. Species are now being included that were considered nonusable or underutilized many years ago. The Fiber Processes and Paper Properties Research Work Unit at the Forest Products Laboratory (USDA Forest Service) are participants in a National Project on Wood Utilization Options for Ecosystem Management. Several goals of ecosystem management are restoring forest health and biodiversity, reducing insect and disease vulnerability, and reducing the extreme fuel loads in the forest. As part of this project, raw materials were obtained from eastern Washington and western Idaho. The raw materials were lodgepole pine and mixed Douglas-fir/western larch sawmill residue chips; lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir, and western larch sub-merchantable logs; and lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir, and western larch small-diameter trees and tops. Sub-merchantable logs and small-diameter trees and tops are considered nonusable or underutilized. In this study, thermomechanical pulp (TMP) was prepared from these raw materials and made into paper handsheets for testing. Small-diameter trees and tops from Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine were equal or better than TMP prepared from the same species sawmill residue chips. TMP prepared from Douglas-fir, western larch, and lodgepole pine sub-merchantable logs and western larch small-diameter trees and tops were lower in properties than TMP prepared from the same species sawmill residue chips. RP Myers, GC (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,USDA,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-688-4 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1997 BP 131 EP 138 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BH87S UT WOS:A1997BH87S00022 ER PT S AU Scott, GM Bormett, DW Lowell, E AF Scott, GM Bormett, DW Lowell, E GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Beetle-killed spruce utilization in the Kenai Peninsula SO 1997 ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBIT, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Environmental Conference and Exhibit CY MAY 05-07, 1997 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind AB Infestation of the Dendroctonus rufipennis beetle has resulted in large stands of dead and dying timber on the Kenai Peninsula in Alaska. Tests were conducted to evaluate the value of beetle-killed spruce as pulpwood. The results showed that live and dead spruce wood can be pulped effectively. The two least deteriorated classes and the most deteriorated class of logs had similar characteristics when pulped; the remaining class had somewhat poorer pulpability. The more deteriorated wood required the same or slightly less refining energy to achieve a certain level of freeness. The presence of sap rot decay was found to be an important indicator of pulping efficiency and resultant pulp quality. Log deterioration had mixed effects on paper properties. RP Scott, GM (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,USDA,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-688-4 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1997 BP 139 EP 144 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BH87S UT WOS:A1997BH87S00023 ER PT S AU Abubakr, S Haney, A Kilgore, MA Daub, B Chapman, K Bloomquist, E AF Abubakr, S Haney, A Kilgore, MA Daub, B Chapman, K Bloomquist, E GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI New approaches to forest sustainability SO 1997 ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBIT, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Environmental Conference and Exhibit CY MAY 05-07, 1997 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind AB Partnership between academia, government, the environmental community, and industry is one of the new successful approaches to forest sustainabilty. Many more such partnerships are needed to accomplish better forest practices that involve diverse points of view. Actual projects of partnerships among academia, government, the environmental community, and industry are presented and discussed. RP Abubakr, S (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,USDA,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-688-4 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1997 BP 477 EP 478 PG 2 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BH87S UT WOS:A1997BH87S00065 ER PT S AU Hunt, JF Jenkins, D Scott, CT Hovey, K AF Hunt, JF Jenkins, D Scott, CT Hovey, K GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Mechanical properties of spaceboard panels and pallets made from recycled linerboard mill sludge. SO 1997 ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBIT, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Environmental Conference and Exhibit CY MAY 05-07, 1997 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind AB Every day, paper mills landfill or burn 3 to 50 metric tons of fiber that might otherwise be used for value-added structural packaging products. Sludge from a recycled linerboard mill was used to form Spaceboard subpanels for Conversion Technologies Industries, Inc.. The sludge was used ''as is'' without any pre-processing or chemical additives or adhesives. The subpanels can be described as fiber-formed, three-dimensional, high-density structures having an integral rib and face structure. These subpanels were combined into a sandwich structure 2.0 cm thick by bonding the ribs together. Edge crush, center point bending, and flat crush tests were conducted to investigate initial mechanical properties of the sludge panels and tb assess the potential use of such panels in a structural product, specifically a standard 101.6 by 121.9 cm (40 by 48 inch) four-way entry pallet. Nine pallets of three preliminary configurations were tested to determine bending strength properties based on the Australian Standard AS 4068. This paper discusses the measured panel strength properties and the results from the initial pallet tests. These preliminary tests show sludge material has the potential for use in structural panels and structural product applications. RP Hunt, JF (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,USDA,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-688-4 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1997 BP 481 EP 488 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BH87S UT WOS:A1997BH87S00067 ER PT S AU Klungness, JH Sykes, MS Tan, F Aziz, S AF Klungness, JH Sykes, MS Tan, F Aziz, S GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Retention of calcium carbonate during recycling: Direct loading versus fiber loading SO 1997 ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBIT, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Environmental Conference and Exhibit CY MAY 05-07, 1997 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind AB Recycling mills produce two to four times as much sludge as virgin fiber mills, in excess of 200 kg/ton of paper processed. Recycling mills in the United States alone generates an estimated 4.1 million tons (dry basis) of sludge annually. This study compared the retention of calcium carbonate fillers by a pulp filled by fiber loading with the retention of calcium carbonate by conventional recycling process. Pulp obtained by both processes were recycled several times using a recirculating handsheet mold to evaluate relative impact on process water and, ultimately, sludge production. About 50% less calcium carbonate was needed to maintain the ash level of fiber-loaded handsheets than was needed for direct-loaded handsheets. Process water from fiber loading contained about 50% less calcium carbonate than the direct-loading control process water. Results indicate that fiber loading can reduce calcium carbonate loss by up to 50% compared with conventional direct loading of calcium carbonate. This study also indicates significant total sludge reduction in a deinking mill compared with current direct loading. This handsheet study should be verified by an industrial-scale evaluation. RP Klungness, JH (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,USDA,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-688-4 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1997 BP 497 EP 503 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BH87S UT WOS:A1997BH87S00070 ER PT S AU Abubakr, S Lucier, AA Kernohan, BJ Haufler, JB Ohms, D AF Abubakr, S Lucier, AA Kernohan, BJ Haufler, JB Ohms, D GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Progress in sustainable forestry SO 1997 ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBIT, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Environmental Conference and Exhibit CY MAY 05-07, 1997 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind AB Technological innovations and improved harvesting practices in the past few years have made more species available for wood and pulp and paper production. The forest products industry is taking the initiative to implement sustainable forestry principles and ensure both the availability of fibers and the health of the forest. Industry initiative case studies are presented and discussed in this paper. RP Abubakr, S (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-688-4 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1997 BP 607 EP 608 PG 2 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BH87S UT WOS:A1997BH87S00083 ER PT S AU Scott, CT Zauscher, S AF Scott, CT Zauscher, S GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Pulp extrusion at ultra-high consistencies SO 1997 ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBIT, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Environmental Conference and Exhibit CY MAY 05-07, 1997 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind AB A new process for producing continuous lignocellulosic fiber products is currently under development at the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. The goal of this exploratory research is to utilize conventional pulping techniques to process recovered papers with high filler contents, retain fiber integrity, and produce an engineered extruded product. This process involves the extrusion of wet crumb pulp (primarily derived from recovered paper) at consistencies of 20% to 40% with small amounts of water-soluble polymers added as hydromodifiers. The water-soluble polymers appear to have two important rheological functions in the extrusion process: (a) they bind water to the fiber and (b) they add lubricity to the pulp. A torque rheometer was used to measure the apparent viscosity of various pulp suspensions with water-soluble polymers. The added polymers reduce viscosity dramatically and enhance fiber dispersion. Polymer addition levels ranging from 1% to 3% by weight dry fiber were evaluated. Selected pulp/polymer compositions were then processed by a twin screw extruder. A slit die was designed to produce a thin sheet that could be press-dried and cut into coupons for measurement of tensile properties. Fiber orientation appeared to be random, and tensile properties were nearly equivalent in the flow and crossflow directions. For most extruded compositions, fail stress and modulus of elasticity ranged from 10 to 20 MPa and 3 to 5 GPa, respectively. These results indicate that pulp extrusion at ultra-high consistencies is possible and poses a viable alternative to the disposal of highly filled recovered papers and papermill sludges. RP Scott, CT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. RI Zauscher, Stefan/C-3947-2008 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-688-4 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1997 BP 739 EP 743 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BH87S UT WOS:A1997BH87S00101 ER PT S AU Schmidt, WF Codling, EE Thomas, CG Line, MJ Stuczynski, T Gassner, G AF Schmidt, WF Codling, EE Thomas, CG Line, MJ Stuczynski, T Gassner, G GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Binding of heavy metal ions to fibers and filters from poultry feathers SO 1997 NONWOVENS CONFERENCE SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Nonwovens Conference CY MAR 17-19, 1997 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind AB Accumulation of heavy metals from natural and/or from industrial sources by into streams or lakes can have serious environmental consequences. Filtration systems which use high affinity particles to remove heavy metal are inherently slow. Feather fibers and feather fiber filters have high affinity sites for different anions including copper(II) and iron(II) and specific cations like chromium(IV). Filters made from high affinity, high surface area fibers may remove specific heavy metals at higher flow rates than particle based filters. RP Schmidt, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS,ECL,NRI,10300 BALTIMORE AV,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-686-8 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1997 BP 105 EP 109 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA BH44R UT WOS:A1997BH44R00013 ER PT S AU Parikh, DV Calamari, TA Sachinvala, N Rigat, R Briggs, R AF Parikh, DV Calamari, TA Sachinvala, N Rigat, R Briggs, R GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Solving processing problems in cotton swab manufacturing: A novel troubleshooting approach SO 1997 NONWOVENS CONFERENCE SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Nonwovens Conference CY MAR 17-19, 1997 CL MEMPHIS, TN SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind AB Cotton swabs are manufactured from bleached by-product cotton fiber such as comber noils, gin motes, and other mill waste. In the recent past a leading cotton swab manufacturer experienced a 34% production downtime. Causes for downtime such as line jams, bad tips, marked sticks, equipment repairs, coil breaks, and waiting for the materials were scientifically studied. The major parameters affecting downtime were examined. Our team approach to diagnosis and problem solving included data collection, analysis, and open discussions with management, supervisors, and operators to create action items and their implementation. This study led to solutions, (or easing), of the problems and resulted in high machine efficiency. While this scientific technique can be used to solve any problem in nonwoven swab manufacturing, it was presently used to determine the performance of paper sticks prepared in-house versus those purchased from a commercial source. Swab machines were monitored for 105+ hours for downtime using in-house and commercial sticks alternatively. The study showed that inhouse sticks were responsible largely for downtime and inferior quality swabs. It was concluded that commercial sticks were more cost effective. The practice of manufacturing in-house paper sticks was subsequently eliminated. Cotton swabs are now exclusively made with commercial sticks with greatly improved machine efficiency. RP Parikh, DV (reprint author), USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,POB 19687,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-686-8 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1997 BP 251 EP 256 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA BH44R UT WOS:A1997BH44R00035 ER PT S AU Sutherland, NR Bormett, D Abubakr, S Thoma, LA Donermeyer, D Peng, JY AF Sutherland, NR Bormett, D Abubakr, S Thoma, LA Donermeyer, D Peng, JY GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Environmentally benign PSA stamps SO 1997 PROCESS & PRODUCT QUALITY CONFERENCE & TRADE FAIR SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Process and Product quality Conference and Trade Fair CY SEP 28-OCT 03, 1997 CL JACKSONVILLE, FL SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind AB With the increased use of pressure-sensitive stamp products have emerged concerns about their environmental impact. To address these concerns, the United States Postal Service initiated an environmentally benign pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) program to develop PSA postal stamps that do not adversely affect the environment. As part of this program, experimental adhesives were evaluated for stamp performance specifications, laboratory recycling, and pilot-scale recycling. Results of the laboratory and pilot-scale recycling trial results are presented here. For both sets of trials, all experimental PSAs were repulpable and adhesive levels were reduced satisfactorily by screening, cleaning, and flotation processes. RP Sutherland, NR (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,1 GIFFORD PINCHOT DR,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-694-9 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1997 BP 155 EP 158 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA BJ71Q UT WOS:A1997BJ71Q00025 ER PT S AU Abubakr, S AF Abubakr, S GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Pressure sensitive adhesives: Issues and concerns panel discussion SO 1997 PULPING CONFERENCE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 1997 Pulping Conference CY OCT 19-23, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind C1 USDA,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53717. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-696-5 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1997 BP 425 EP 425 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA BJ90M UT WOS:A1997BJ90M00063 ER PT S AU Sykes, MS Klungness, JH AF Sykes, MS Klungness, JH GP TECH ASSOC PULP & PAPER IND TI Enzymatic removal of stickie contaminants SO 1997 PULPING CONFERENCE, BOOKS 1 AND 2 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Pulping Conference CY OCT 19-23, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Tech Assoc Pulp & Paper Ind AB Stickie contaminants are a costly problem for both recyclers of market pulp and the papermakers using it. Increased use of pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) has compounded this problem in recycled furnishes. Preliminary laboratory experiments using commercially available enzyme preparations at the ambient pH of the paper furnish (neutral pH range) have resulted in a significant reduction of all residual contaminants, including stickies. We found in recent laboratory trials that pulping with either cellulase, lipase, or a mixture of both enzymes at the ambient pH of mixed office paper removed the adhesives more effectively than did conventional alkaline pulping at pH 10. To confirm these preliminary results, a pilot plant scale-up, including pressure screening, will be run at the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, and results will be presented at the 1997 TAPPI Pulping Conference. Comparative process water quality will be monitored and residual stickies quantified at various stages of recycling. Process water will also be analyzed for colloidal and dissolved micro-stickies. RP Sykes, MS (reprint author), USDA,FOREST SERV,FOREST PROD LAB,MADISON,WI 53705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-696-5 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1997 BP 687 EP 691 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Materials Science GA BJ90M UT WOS:A1997BJ90M00092 ER PT J AU Cardamone, JM Marmer, WN Phillips, JG AF Cardamone, JM Marmer, WN Phillips, JG GP AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS & COLORISTS TI Effective biguanide pretreatments for union dyeing wool/cotton blends SO AATCC 1997 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION - BOOK OF PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Conference and Exhibition of the American-Association-of-Textile-Chemists-and-Colorists CY SEP 28-OCT 01, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Assoc Textile Chemists & Colorists RP Cardamone, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,NAA,600 E MERMAID LN,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEM & COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA P O BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 PY 1997 BP 388 EP 400 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA BJ81F UT WOS:A1997BJ81F00044 ER PT J AU Oliver, MJ Wood, AJ O'Mahony, P AF Oliver, MJ Wood, AJ O'Mahony, P TI How some plants recover from vegetative desiccation: A repair based strategy SO ACTA PHYSIOLOGIAE PLANTARUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Molecular Biology of Plants Under Environmental Stress CY SEP 17-19, 1997 CL POZNAN, POLAND SP Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Fac Biol, Int Assoc Plant Physiol DE desiccation; tolerance mechanism; cellular protection; cellular repair; vegetative tissues ID MOSS TORTULA-RURALIS; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; TOLERANT MOSS; REHYDRATION; TRANSCRIPTS; RECRUITMENT; STABILITY; EMBRYO; STRESS; SEEDS AB Desiccation-tolerant plants can be grouped into two categories: the 1) desiccation-tolerant plants whose internal water content rapidly equilibrates to the water potential of the environment and 2) the modified desiccation-tolerant plants that all employ mechanisms to retard and control the rate of water loss. Desiccation tolerance can be achieved by mechanisms that incorporate one of two alternatives, viz. cellular protection or cellular recovery (repair). The majority of plants probably utilize aspects of both. Desiccation-tolerant species, in particular the moss Tortula ruralis, appear to utilize a tolerance strategy that combines a constitutive protection system and a rehydration-inducible recovery mechanism. The rehydration-induced recovery mechanism of Tortula ruralis relies heavily upon a change in gene expression that is mediated by post-transcriptional events rather than the slower reacting transcriptional controls. Findings indicate that it takes a certain amount of prior water loss to fully activate the protein-based portion of the recovery mechanisms upon rehydration. Utilizing cDNAs representing individual hydrins (proteins whose synthesis is hydration specific) and rehydrins (proteins whose synthesis is rehydration specific), it was determined that if drying rates were slow rehydrin transcripts selectively accumulate in the dried gametophytes. Studies revealed that this storage involves the formation of mRNPs (messenger ribonucleoprotein particles). The identity and possible functions of the rehydrins of Tortula ruralis are also under investigation, in particular Tr155, a small rehydrin (24kD) appears to be involved in antioxidant production during rehydration. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Unit, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. RP Oliver, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Unit, Route 3 Box 215, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. NR 36 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES DEPT PLANT PHYSIOLOGY PI KRAKOW PA SLAWKOWSKA STREET NO 17, PL31-016 KRAKOW, POLAND SN 0137-5881 J9 ACTA PHYSIOL PLANT JI Acta Physiol. Plant. PY 1997 VL 19 IS 4 BP 419 EP 425 DI 10.1007/s11738-997-0038-1 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YX638 UT WOS:000072061300004 ER PT J AU Speer, CA Baker, DG Yamaguchi, A Dubey, JP AF Speer, CA Baker, DG Yamaguchi, A Dubey, JP TI Ultrastructural characteristics of a Lankesterella-like coccidian causing pneumonia in a northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) SO ACTA PROTOZOOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Cardinalis cardinalis; Lankesterella; parasite; passeriformes; protozoan; pulmonary ID ISOSPORA AB An unusual coccidian was identified in lung tissue from a northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) that died in respiratory distress. Ultrastructural observations revealed both asexual and sexual stages in lung tissue, including schizonts, gamonts, and sporulated oocysts. The parasite displayed characteristics that have been observed in a variety of Apicomplexa, and most closely resembled coccidia of the genus Lankesterella. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV, DEPT VET MOL BIOL, BOZEMAN, MT 59717 USA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS, SCH VET MED, ANIM RESOURCES SERV, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS, ANIM COMMUN LAB, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. ARS, USDA, INST LIVESTOCK & POULTRY SCI, PARASITE BIOL & EPIDEMIOL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU JAGIELLONIAN UNIV, INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES PI KRAKOW PA GRONOSTAJOWA 7, KRAKOW, 30-387, POLAND SN 0065-1583 EI 1689-0027 J9 ACTA PROTOZOOL JI Acta Protozool. PY 1997 VL 36 IS 1 BP 39 EP 47 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WQ510 UT WOS:A1997WQ51000005 ER PT J AU Witter, RL AF Witter, RL TI Avian tumor viruses: Persistent and evolving pathogens SO ACTA VETERINARIA HUNGARICA LA English DT Article DE neoplasm; tumor; chicken; turkey; avian; virus; retrovirus; herpesvirus; Marek's disease; lymphoid leukosis; myelocytomatosis AB Most neoplasias of lymphoid and other hematopoietic cells in commercial poultry are caused by viruses which belong to one of four distinct groups. Marek's disease virus (MDV) is an oncogenic herpesvirus. Avian leukosis virus (ALV), reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) and lymphoproliferative disease virus (LPDV) are oncogenic retroviruses. Each group is distinguished by nucleic acid type, molecular structure, antigenicity, epidemiology, host range and other characteristics. However, most of these viruses have in common a unique ability to persist, both in the host and in the ecosystem. In addition, both the viruses and the virus-host relationships for several members of the group have demonstrated a propensity to evolve with time, creating new dilemmas for diagnosis and control. A focus on the persistence and evolution of avian tumor viruses will be used to address a number of current issues with individual viruses of economic importance. Issues of primary concern include (1) the evolution of MDV towards greater virulence with concomitant reduction of vaccine efficacy and expansion of host range, (2) the emergence of subgroup J ALV as a major pathogen in meat-type breeder stocks, and (3) the increasing prevalence of REV and its evolving role as a pathogen in chickens and turkeys. C1 ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Witter, RL (reprint author), ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 37 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 3 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 245, H-1519 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0236-6290 J9 ACTA VET HUNG JI Acta Vet. Hung. PY 1997 VL 45 IS 3 BP 251 EP 266 PG 16 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA V2791 UT WOS:000168702900003 PM 9276987 ER PT J AU Bourgault, G Journel, AG Rhoades, JD Corwin, DL Lesch, SM AF Bourgault, G Journel, AG Rhoades, JD Corwin, DL Lesch, SM TI Geostatistical analysis of a soil salinity data set SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 58 SE ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY LA English DT Review ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION TECHNIQUES; MULTIPLE LINEAR-REGRESSION; SPATIAL PREDICTION; IDENTIFICATION C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Bourgault, G (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Bickford, Robert/A-5025-2009 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 J9 ADV AGRON PY 1997 VL 58 BP 241 EP 292 PG 52 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BK65W UT WOS:000072973000006 ER PT S AU McMaster, GS AF McMaster, GS BE Sparks, DL TI Phenology, development, and growth of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L) shoot apex: A review SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 59 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review ID SALT-STRESSED WHEAT; DRY-MATTER ACCUMULATION; GRAIN FILLING PERIOD; CEREAL LEAF GROWTH; RED WINTER WHEATS; SPRING WHEAT; WATER-STRESS; SOWING DATE; TILLER DEVELOPMENT; YIELD COMPONENTS RP McMaster, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, FT COLLINS, CO 80522 USA. NR 392 TC 91 Z9 101 U1 9 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 0-12-000759-2 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 1997 VL 59 BP 63 EP 118 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60053-X PG 56 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BH28N UT WOS:A1997BH28N00003 ER PT S AU Reddy, KR Hodges, HF McKinion, JM AF Reddy, KR Hodges, HF McKinion, JM BE Sparks, DL TI Crop modeling and applications: A cotton example SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 59 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review ID GOSSYPIUM-HIRSUTUM-L; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM-L; FIELD-GROWN COTTON; WATER-STRESS; NITROGEN DEFICIENCY; SIMULATION-MODELS; PLANT-GROWTH; LEAF GROWTH; CLIMATE SENSITIVITY C1 USDA ARS, CROP SIMULAT RES UNIT, MISSISSIPPI STATE, MS 39762 USA. RP Reddy, KR (reprint author), MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV, DEPT PLANT & SOIL SCI, MISSISSIPPI STATE, MS 39762 USA. OI Reddy, Kambham Raja/0000-0002-7906-7755 NR 171 TC 61 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 0-12-000759-2 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 1997 VL 59 BP 225 EP 290 PG 66 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BH28N UT WOS:A1997BH28N00006 ER PT S AU Shannon, MC AF Shannon, MC BE Sparks, DL TI Adaptation of plants to salinity SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 60 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE SALINITY; SALT-TOLERANT GENOTYPES; SOURCE SPRINKLER SYSTEM; MEDICAGO-SATIVA L; BICOLOR L-MOENCH; CROP PRODUCTION; WATER RELATIONS; CELL-LINES; VEGETATIVE GROWTH; ION ACCUMULATION C1 ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Shannon, MC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 296 TC 165 Z9 182 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 0-12-000760-6 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 1997 VL 60 BP 75 EP 120 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60601-X PG 46 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BK67Z UT WOS:000073060100002 ER PT S AU Bretting, PK Duvick, DN AF Bretting, PK Duvick, DN BE Sparks, DL TI Dynamic conservation of plant genetic resources SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 61 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review ID SWEET CORN CULTIVARS; WILD-WHEAT; DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; GERMPLASM; MANAGEMENT; AMMIAD; INSITU; FUTURE RP Bretting, PK (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, USDA ARS, N CENT REG PLANT INTRO STN, DEPT AGRON, AMES, IA 50011 USA. NR 189 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 0-12-000761-4 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 1997 VL 61 BP 1 EP 51 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60661-6 PG 51 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BJ35W UT WOS:A1997BJ35W00001 ER PT S AU Bothast, RJ Saha, BC AF Bothast, RJ Saha, BC BE Neidleman, SL Laskin, AI TI Ethanol production from agricultural biomass substrates SO ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, VOL 44 SE Advances in Applied Microbiology LA English DT Review ID ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS GENES; RECOMBINANT KLEBSIELLA-OXYTOCA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI-B; D-XYLOSE; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; PACHYSOLEN-TANNOPHILUS; CRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE; BETA-GLUCOSIDASE; SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARIFICATION; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM RP Bothast, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES, FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT, 1815 N UNIV ST, PEORIA, IL 61604 USA. NR 118 TC 81 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2164 BN 0-12-002644-9 J9 ADV APPL MICROBIOL JI Adv. Appl. Microbiol. PY 1997 VL 44 BP 261 EP 286 DI 10.1016/S0065-2164(08)70464-7 PG 26 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BJ75B UT WOS:A1997BJ75B00006 ER PT S AU Bennett, JW Chang, PK Bhatnagar, D AF Bennett, JW Chang, PK Bhatnagar, D BE Neidleman, SL Laskin, AI TI One gene to whole pathway: The role of norsolorinic acid in aflatoxin research SO ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, VOL 45 SE Advances in Applied Microbiology LA English DT Review ID ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS DEFICIENT; POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE; VERSICOLORIN-A; MUTANT STRAIN; BIOSYNTHESIS; AVERUFIN; CLUSTER; CLONING; B-1; TRANSFORMATION C1 USDA ARS, SO REG RES CTR, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70179 USA. RP Bennett, JW (reprint author), TULANE UNIV, DEPT CELL & MOL BIOL, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70118 USA. NR 66 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2164 BN 0-12-002645-7 J9 ADV APPL MICROBIOL JI Adv. Appl. Microbiol. PY 1997 VL 45 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/S0065-2164(08)70260-0 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA BJ87Q UT WOS:A1997BJ87Q00001 PM 9381965 ER PT S AU Galili, G Herman, EM AF Galili, G Herman, EM BE Leigh, RA Sanders, D TI Protein bodies: Storage vacuoles in seeds SO ADVANCES IN BOTANICAL RESEARCH INCORPORATING ADVANCES IN PLANT PATHOLOGY, VOL 25: THE PLANT VACUOLE SE Advances in Botanical Research LA English DT Review ID PISUM-SATIVUM-L; DEVELOPING SOYBEAN COTYLEDONS; DEVELOPING PEA COTYLEDONS; MUNG BEAN COTYLEDONS; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; SUBCELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; INTRACELLULAR-TRANSPORT; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; GOLGI-APPARATUS; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, PLANT MOL BIOL LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP Galili, G (reprint author), WEIZMANN INST SCI, DEPT PLANT GENET, IL-76100 REHOVOT, ISRAEL. NR 95 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2296 BN 0-12-005925-8 J9 ADV BOT RES JI Adv. Bot. Res. PY 1997 VL 25 BP 113 EP 140 PG 28 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA BH89Y UT WOS:A1997BH89Y00005 ER PT J AU Clarke, MA Edye, LA Eggleston, G AF Clarke, MA Edye, LA Eggleston, G TI Sucrose decomposition in aqueous solution, and losses in sugar manufacture and refining SO ADVANCES IN CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY, VOL 52 SE ADVANCES IN CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID ALKALINE-DEGRADATION; THERMAL-DEGRADATION; D-FRUCTOSE; WATER; PRODUCT C1 USDA ARS,SO REG RES CTR,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70179. RP Clarke, MA (reprint author), SUGAR PROC RES INST INC,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70124, USA. NR 75 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0065-2318 J9 ADV CARBOHYD CHEM BI JI Adv.Carbohydr.Chem.Biochem. PY 1997 VL 52 BP 441 EP 470 DI 10.1016/S0065-2318(08)60095-5 PG 30 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA BJ42A UT WOS:A1997BJ42A00007 ER PT B AU Nachman, RJ Moyna, G Williams, HJ Garside, C Tobe, SS AF Nachman, RJ Moyna, G Williams, HJ Garside, C Tobe, SS BE Kawashima, S Kikuyama, S TI Active conformation and peptidase resistance of conformationally restricted analogues of the insect allatostatin neuropeptide family SO ADVANCES IN COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY, TOMES 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth International Congress of Comparative Endocrinology CY NOV 16-21, 1997 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP Japan Racing Assoc C1 USDA, FAPRL, Vet Entomol Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), USDA, FAPRL, Vet Entomol Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY PY 1997 BP 1353 EP 1359 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Zoology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Zoology GA BK58W UT WOS:000072639100228 ER PT S AU Ryan, MG Binkley, D Fownes, JH AF Ryan, MG Binkley, D Fownes, JH BE Begon, M Fitter, AH TI Age-related decline in forest productivity: Pattern and process SO ADVANCES IN ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH, VOL 27 SE Advances in Ecological Research LA English DT Review ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; PINE PINUS-ELLIOTTII; FINE-ROOT PRODUCTION; DOUGLAS-FIR STANDS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; LODGEPOLE PINE; CARBON ALLOCATION; LEAF-AREA; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; LOBLOLLY-PINE C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV, DEPT FOREST SCI, FT COLLINS, CO 80523 USA. UNIV HAWAII MANOA, DEPT AGRON & SOIL SCI, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA. RP Ryan, MG (reprint author), US FOREST SERV, ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPT STN, 240 W PROSPECT RD, FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 193 TC 444 Z9 461 U1 13 U2 96 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0065-2504 BN 0-12-013927-8 J9 ADV ECOL RES JI Adv. Ecol. Res. PY 1997 VL 27 BP 213 EP 262 DI 10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60009-4 PG 50 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH57G UT WOS:A1997BH57G00005 ER PT B AU Thompson, VS Maragos, CM AF Thompson, VS Maragos, CM BE Thompson, RB TI Measurement of fumonsins in corn with a fiber-optic fluoroimmunosensor SO ADVANCES IN FLUORESCENCE SENSING TECHNOLOGY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Fluorescence Sensing Technology III CY FEB 09-11, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Chiron Diag Corp, Ciencia Inc, Coherent Inc Laser Grp, ISS Inc, Jobin Yvon SPEX Instruments SA Inc, LiCONiX, Opt Sensors Inc, Perkin Elmer Corp, PicoQuant, Adv Photon Int, Programmed Test Sources Inc, Spectronics Inc, SpectRx Inc DE mycotoxins; fumonisins; immunosensor; biosensor; analysis; corn AB A fiber-optic immunosensor was used to determine concentrations of the mycotoxin fumonisin B-1(FB1) in both spiked and naturally contaminated com samples. Samples were extracted with a mixture of methano/water. Two methods were used to prepare the methanolic corn extracts before introduction to the immunosensor: 1) simple dilution of the methanolic corn extract; or 2) affinity column cleanup. The sensor displayed an IC50 of 70 ngFB(1)/mL. when toxin was introduced in phosphate buffered saline. Simple dilution of methanolic corn extracts yielded an assay with an IC50 equivalent to 25 mu g FB1/g corn and a limit of detection of 3.2 mu g/g corn, while affinity cleanup of corn extracts yielded an assay with an IC50 of 5 mu gFB(1)/g corn and a limit of detection of 0.4 mu gFB(1)/g corn. The difference in sensitivity between the two cleanup techniques was due to concentration of fumonisins obtained from the affinity cleanup procedure. Naturally contaminated corn samples were also analyzed after either simple dilution or affinity column cleanup. For comparison the naturally contaminated corn samples were analyzed with an HPLC method after isolation of the fumonisins with strong anion exchange (SAX) solid phase extraction cartridges. The SAX/HPLC method and the immunosensor method agreed well except when large amounts of other fumonisins (i.e. fumonisin B-2) were present. This was due in part to the cross-reactivity of the monoclonal antibody with other fumonisins. The immunosensor has the potential to screen individual corn samples for fumonisins within six minutes, and is among the fastest of the currently available FB1 detection methods. RP Thompson, VS (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,MYCOTOXIN RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. RI Thompson, Vicki/B-9086-2017 OI Thompson, Vicki/0000-0003-4975-392X NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2391-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2980 BP 532 EP 538 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BH84B UT WOS:A1997BH84B00061 ER PT B AU McMurtrey, JE Kim, MS Daughtry, CST Corp, LA Chappelle, EW AF McMurtrey, JE Kim, MS Daughtry, CST Corp, LA Chappelle, EW BE Narayanan, RM Kalshoven, JE TI Fluorescence of crop residue: Postmortem analysis of crop conditions SO ADVANCES IN LASER REMOTE SENSING FOR TERRESTRIAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Laser Remote Sensing for Terrestrial and Oceanographic Applications CY APR 21-22, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE fluorescence; crop residue; plant stress; crop condition AB Fluorescence of crop residues at the end of the growing season may provide an indicator of the past crop's vegetative condition. Different levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization were applied to field grown corn and wheat at Beltsville, Maryland. The N fertilizer treatments produce a range of physiological conditions, pigment concentrations, biomass levels, and grain yields that resulted in varying growth and stress conditions in the living crops. After normal harvesting procedures the crop residues remained. The fluorescence spectral characteristics of the plant residues from crops grown under different levels of N nutrition were analyzed. The blue-green fluorescence response of in-vitro residue biomass of the N treated field corn had different magnitudes. A blue-green-yellow algorithm, (460/525)*600 nm, gave the best separations between prior corn growth conditions at difference N fertilization levels, Relationships between total dry biomass, the grain yield, and fluorescence properties in the 400 - 670 nm region of the spectrum were found in both corn and wheat residues. The wheat residue was analyzed to evaluate the constituents responsible for fluorescence. A ratio of the blue-green, 450/550 nm, images gave the best separation among wheat residues at different N fertilization levels. Fluorescence of extracts from wheat residues showed inverse fluorescence intensities as a function of N treatments compared to that of the intact wheat residue or ground residue samples. The extracts also had an additional fluorescence emission peak in the red, 670 nm. Single band fluorescence intensity in corn and wheat residues is due mostly to the quantity of the material on the soil surface. Ratios of fluorescence bands varied as a result of the growth conditions created by the N treatments and are thought to be indicative of the varying concentrations of the plant residues fluorescing constituents, Estimates of the amount and cost effectiveness of N fertilizers to satisfy optimal plant growth condition for specific areas of the field for the next growing season may be useful indicators for crop management. Analysis of plant constituent qualities and quantities of dead crop materials during the harvesting practice or after harvest could be useful indicators of the previous crop's condition. These measures could be used as a tool in determining precision farming management practices for site specific areas in a field. RP McMurtrey, JE (reprint author), ARS,REMOTE SENSING & MODELING LAB,USDA,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2474-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3059 BP 76 EP 86 DI 10.1117/12.277601 PG 11 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ21X UT WOS:A1997BJ21X00008 ER PT J AU Bland, WL Helmke, PA Baker, JM AF Bland, WL Helmke, PA Baker, JM TI High-resolution snow-water equivalent measurement by gamma-ray spectroscopy SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Frozen precipitation has important implications for water quality and soil biology. Nutrients in landspread animal manure are transported to surface waters by snowmelt, and winter survival of forages often depends on snow cover. Further development of mechanistic snow behavior models would be assisted by improved measurements of the disappearance of water from snowpacks. We developed a system to measure the total water content (snow-water equivalent, SWE) of a snow cover based on attenuation of gamma-rays. A mixed Eu-152, 154 source (about 70 MBq) was pushed through raceways which were placed on the soil surface prior to snowfall. Attenuation of the emitted radiation by solid and liquid water in snow was measured with a Ge detector held above the snow and a multichannel analyzer. Use of four energy peaks and solution of the six resulting equations reduced dependence of the measurement on source-detector geometry. In laboratory tests, measurements of a fixed water depth (30 mm) were constant to +/-1.5 mm following displacement of the detector by 50 mm laterally and 100 mm vertically, a much larger repositioning error than occurs in the field. Field tests showed that the system detected melting conditions with greater sensitivity than was attained with collecting of snow cores. Errors in estimated SWE due to repositioning of the detector were about +/- 3 mm. Estimated energy balance terms were in reasonable agreement with observed melting during a field experiment. The new device will allow non-destructive SWE measurements to assess the influences of a number of agricultural management practices on winter hydrology. C1 ARS,USDA,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP Bland, WL (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT SOIL SCI,1525 OBSERV DR,MADISON,WI 53706, USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 83 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(96)02351-9 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WC275 UT WOS:A1997WC27500002 ER PT J AU Dugas, WA Prior, SA Rogers, HH AF Dugas, WA Prior, SA Rogers, HH TI Transpiration from sorghum and soybean growing under ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; STEM-FLOW GAUGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; HEAT-BALANCE; SAP FLOW; CROP TRANSPIRATION; LEAF CONDUCTANCE; COTTON; YIELD AB The increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere ([CO2]) has several direct effects on plants and these effects may be different for C-3 and C-4 plants. Our objective was to measure hourly and daily whole-plant transpiration rates from the C-4 plant grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and the C-3 plant soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) grown under ambient (359 mu molCO(2) mol(-1) dry atmospheric air) and elevated (705 mu molmol(-1)) [CO2] values. Transpiration measurements were made for 22 days in August 1994 at Auburn, Alabama, USA, using stem flow gauges on plants growing in open top chambers, n = 8 for each [CO2] and species. Leaf area averaged slightly more than 0.1m(2) per plant for sorghum and about 0.2 m(2) per plant for soybean, Averages (15 min and daily) of transpiration, per unit leaf area, were consistently greater from plants growing under the ambient [CO2,] for both sorghum and soybean. Average daily transpiration from plants growing under the elevated [CO2] was significantly smaller (P = 0.05) on all but 2 days for soybean and on 9 of the 22 days of measurements for sorghum. Average daily sorghum transpiration was 1128 gm(-2) day(-1) and 772 gm(-2) day(-1) from plants growing under an ambient and elevated [CO2], respectively. Corresponding soybean averages were 731 gm(-2) day(-1) and 416 gm(-2) day(-1). The transpiration reduction under elevated [CO2] was greater for the C-3 plant soybean than for the C-4, plant sorghum. These results support previous studies showing that transpiration, per unit leaf area, from sorghum and soybean will both be reduced if atmospheric [CO2] continues to increase, although the reduction may be greater for C-3, plants. C1 ARS,NATL SOIL DYNAM LAB,USDA,AUBURN,AL 36831. RP Dugas, WA (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,BLACKLAND RES CTR,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 45 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 83 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 48 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(96)02353-2 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WC275 UT WOS:A1997WC27500003 ER PT J AU Dugas, WA Reicosky, DC Kiniry, JR AF Dugas, WA Reicosky, DC Kiniry, JR TI Chamber and micrometeorological measurements of CO2 and H2O fluxes for three C-4 grasses SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; TEMPERATE GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM; SENSIBLE HEAT FLUXES; RATIO ENERGY-BALANCE; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; BOWEN-RATIO; PORTABLE CHAMBER; CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS; EDDY-CORRELATION; GAS-EXCHANGE AB Accurate measurements of surface fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are important for several reasons and can be made using several types of instrumentation. For three C-4 grasses-bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.), a mixed species native tallgrass prairie, and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.)-we measured evapotranspiration (ET) using a canopy chamber (CC) and Bowen ratio/energy balance (BREB) instrumentation and we measured leaf CO2 uptake using a leaf chamber (LC), and, after accounting for soil CO2 fluxes, we calculated leaf uptake using a CC and BREB instrumentation. In addition, soil CO2 fluxes from bare soil were measured using a CC and soil chamber (SC). Measurements were made on 4 and 5 May 1994 at the Blackland Research Center, Temple, TX, Flux of CO2 into the leaf was considered positive and was expressed per unit ground area. Half-hour CC ET measurements were consistently and substantially greater than BREB measurements for all grasses, perhaps because of increased soil evaporation due to greater turbulence inside the CC. Leaf CO2 uptake measured using the three methods showed similar diurnal trends for all grasses (responding, primarily, to changes in photosynthetic photon flux density), but consistently tended to be greatest for BREB measurements, The regression equation for LC CO2 uptake as a function of BREB uptake had a slope not statistically different from 1.0, with large scatter likely because of limited leaf area sampled. CC CO2 uptake was consistently the least, partly because we may have underestimated soil CO2 flux in the CC, Half-hour soil CO2 fluxes from the CC were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than those from the SC for about two-thirds of the day on bare soil, perhaps because of large chamber ventilation rates. Differences of daytime soil CO2 fluxes averaged 0.07 mg m(-2) s(-1) (1.0 mg m(-2) s(-1) approximate to 22.7 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)). These results show the consistency, repeatability and, we believe, accuracy of leaf CO2 uptake and soil CO2 flux measurements made using all methods. C1 ARS,N CENT SOIL CONSERVAT RES LAB,USDA,MORRIS,MN 56267. ARS,GRASSLAND SOIL & WATER RES LAB,USDA,TEMPLE,TX 76502. RP Dugas, WA (reprint author), TEXAS AGR EXPTL STN,BLACKLAND RES CTR,808 E BLACKLAND RD,TEMPLE,TX 76502, USA. NR 54 TC 49 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 83 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 133 DI 10.1016/S0168-1923(96)02346-5 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA WC275 UT WOS:A1997WC27500007 ER PT B AU Bickerton, GE AF Bickerton, GE GP ORG ECON COOP & DEV, NUCL ENERGY AGCY ORG ECON COOP & DEV, NUCL ENERGY AGCY TI Agricultural issues SO AGRICULTURAL ASPECTS OF NUCLEAR AND/OR RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY SITUATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Agricultural Aspects of Nuclear and/or Radiological Emergency Situations CY JUN 12-14, 1995 CL INST PROTECT & SURETE NUCL, FONTENAY ROSES, FRANCE SP OECD, Nucl Energy Agcy HO INST PROTECT & SURETE NUCL C1 US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Emergency Planning Off, PEPS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Bickerton, GE (reprint author), US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Emergency Planning Off, PEPS, USDA, 218 W End Court, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-15614-3 PY 1997 BP 21 EP 29 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Energy & Fuels GA BL71D UT WOS:000076419000002 ER PT B AU Crook, FW AF Crook, FW GP ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV ORG ECON COOPERAT & DEV TI How will China's "rice bag" policy affect grain production, distribution, prices, and international trade? SO AGRICULTURAL POLICIES IN CHINA SE OECD CHINA IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Agricultural Policies in China CY DEC 12-13, 1996 CL OECD HEADQUARTERS, PARIS, FRANCE HO OECD HEADQUARTERS C1 USDA, Commercial Agr Div, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Crook, FW (reprint author), USDA, Commercial Agr Div, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-15562-7 J9 OECD CHIN GLOB ECON PY 1997 BP 58 EP 70 PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BN59A UT WOS:000082313600007 ER PT J AU Williams, CB Jenkins, TG AF Williams, CB Jenkins, TG TI Predicting empty body composition and composition of empty body weight changes in mature cattle SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID COWS; LACTATION; SOMATOTROPIN; PRODUCTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; COMPONENTS; PARTITION; TISSUES; TRAITS; GROWTH AB Data on empty body chemical composition. of 18 breeds or breed crosses of non-lactating, non-pregnant mature cows, were used to estimate a standard reference empty body weight (SREBW) for each breed. The SREBW was defined as the empty body weight at skeletal maturity that contained 25% fat. Relationship between empty body fat percentage (EBFP) and empty body weight as a fraction of SREBW (u(E)) was, EBFP=-15.7+40.7 *U-E(r(2)=0.77). This relationship was not significantly different among breeds. An evaluation with chemical composition data of five breeds of mature non-lactating cows showed no significant difference in the relationship between EBFP and U-E. Data from five experiments showed that cows that lose empty body weight in early lactation had a leaner empty body composition in mid-lactation compared with non-lactating cows al the same value of U-E. Equations were formulated to adjust predictions of body composition changes for lactating cows. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Williams, CB (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 53 IS 1 BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.1016/S0308-521X(96)00039-X PG 25 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA WA673 UT WOS:A1997WA67300001 ER PT S AU Muchovej, RMC Pacovsky, RS AF Muchovej, RMC Pacovsky, RS BE Rechcigl, JE MacKinnon, HC TI Future directions of by-products and wastes in agriculture SO AGRICULTURAL USES OF BY-PRODUCTS AND WASTES SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on the Uses of By-Products and Wastes in Agriculture, at the 212th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 25-29, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Fertilizer & Soil Chem ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE; REFUSE COMPOST; SOIL AB World population increase and increasing urbanization have resulted in various negative effects for society, such as the rising demand for food and the production of large amounts of animal and human wastes. These various organic residuals include livestock wastes, crop debris, biosolids (sewage sludge) and septage, food processing wastes, industrial organic wastes, logging residues, and wood manufacturing wastes, and municipal refuse. Many inorganic by-products and wastes also result from human activities. Bottom ash, gypsum, phosphogypsum, and by-product micronutrient sources are some of the predominant inorganic wastes being generated currently. The disposal of these residues has become an increasing problem and a growing expense for industry, farmers and municipalities, especially in light of the more restrictive environmental regulations that have been enacted. We will review how some of these wastes can be used in agriculture, which is the theme of this symposium. As we shall see, in many cases, current research is designed so that a residue is easier to use, less expensive than alternatives or contains value-added features that make it more desirable to the end user. Individual chapters in this book cover the uses of several by-products and waste products. As a main conclusion, considerable progress has been made regarding proper utilization of ''wastes'', both organic and inorganic nature. It is imperative, however, that society takes more interest and becomes more educated and involved in effectively re-utilizing materials that have increased in production as a result of population growth and demands for ''old and new'' products. In this introductory chapter an attempt has been made to highlight some major points that are relevant in this area. C1 USDA, ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. RP Muchovej, RMC (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA, INST FOOD & AGR SCI, SW FLORIDA RES & EDUC CTR, POB 5127, IMMOKALEE, FL 34143 USA. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3514-7 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1997 VL 668 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1021/bk-1997-0668.ch001 PG 19 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Chemistry GA BJ16J UT WOS:A1997BJ16J00001 ER PT S AU Edwards, JH AF Edwards, JH BE Rechcigl, JE MacKinnon, HC TI Composition and uses of uncomposted wastepaper and other organics SO AGRICULTURAL USES OF BY-PRODUCTS AND WASTES SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on the Uses of By-Products and Wastes in Agriculture, at the 212th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 25-29, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Fertilizer & Soil Chem ID TERM SLURRY APPLICATION; MUNICIPAL SOLID-WASTE; SOIL ENZYME-ACTIVITY; MANURE-AMENDED SOIL; ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; POWDERED PINE BARK; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; POULTRY MANURE; SEWAGE-SLUDGE AB The application of uncomposted waste paper and other organics requires in situ composting of 4 to 6 weeks in which microorganisms incorporate C into the soil organic matter (SOM) fraction and nutrients are returned to the soil. Three annual applications resulted in an increase in soil-available P, K, Ca and Mg by a factor of 3 to 4, while SOM content was increased by a factor of 1.5 to 2. Repeated applications of uncomposted organic waste along with poultry litter (PL) as a N source resulted in buildup of soil P. Nitrogen mineralization, C mineralization and N turnover were increased more by applying N as Fl, when compared to soil amended with NH4NO3. Uses of organic wastes on agricultural land include erosion control agent, biodegradable mulch, non-chemical weed control, and biological control agent. Potential environmental problems from repeated application of organic wastes include groundwater contamination from excessive NO3-N, increased heavy metal concentrations, and induced soil nutrient imbalances. Pelletized waste paper applied as a surface residue reduced sediment loss by wind and water, increased water infiltration, and increased total available soil water. Developing soil-crop production systems that use uncomposted organic wastes along with manures can serve as valuable sources of organic C to soils with low organic matter, improving soil quality and agricultural production. RP Edwards, JH (reprint author), AUBURN UNIV, USDA, AGR RES SERV, DEPT AGRON & SOILS, 201 FUNCHESS HALL, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA. NR 129 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3514-7 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1997 VL 668 BP 163 EP 184 DI 10.1021/bk-1997-0668.ch011 PG 22 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Chemistry GA BJ16J UT WOS:A1997BJ16J00011 ER PT J AU Rhoades, CC Nissen, TM Kettler, JS AF Rhoades, CC Nissen, TM Kettler, JS TI Soil nitrogen dynamics in alley cropping and no-till systems on ultisols of the Georgia Piedmont, USA SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Albizia julibrissin; conservation tillage; hedgerow intercropping; nitrogen mineralization ID AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS; SURFACE MANAGEMENT; TROPICAL ALFISOL; DECOMPOSITION; AGROECOSYSTEMS; MINERALIZATION; EROSION; LITTER; PLANTS; TREES AB On highly-weathered Ultisols of the Georgia (USA) Piedmont, a combination of no-till agriculture and alley cropping presents an option for rapidly increasing soil nitrogen availability while restoring long-term soil fertility. Three years after the establishment of Albizia julibrissin hedgerows and no-till agriculture trials, we measured inorganic soil nitrogen (NO3--N and NH4+-N) and net nitrogen mineralization during a 4-month field study and a 14-day laboratory study, We also measured the influence of tree leaf amendments on grain sorghum production and N uptake. Soil nitrate increased four-fold within two weeks of adding Albizia leaf mulch. Soil ammonium did not increase as rapidly nor to the same extent after tree mulch addition. Averaged over the 4-month study, soil nitrate and ammonium were 2.8 and 1.4 times higher in the alley-cropped than in the treeless no-till plots. Net nitrification and mineralization were no higher in the alley cropping plots, during either field or laboratory incubations. Tree mulch additions enhanced crop biomass production and N uptake 2 to 3.5 times under both high and low soil moisture conditions. Our study demonstrates the dramatic short-term impacts of Albizia mulch addition on plant available nitrogen. Combined with no-till practices, alley cropping with Albizia hedges offers Piedmont farmers an option for reducing reliance upon chemical N fertilizer while improving soil organic matter levels. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Rhoades, CC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM crhoades@lamar.colostate.edu NR 35 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PY 1997 VL 39 IS 1 BP 31 EP 44 DI 10.1023/A:1005995201216 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA ZD433 UT WOS:000072684800004 ER PT J AU Mercer, DE Miller, RP AF Mercer, DE Miller, RP TI Socioeconomic research in agroforestry: Progress, prospects, priorities SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Tropical Agroforestry at the Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agronomy CY NOV 05, 1996 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP Amer Soc Agron DE anthropology; economics; geography; policy; sociology AB Fourteen years after the birth of the journal Agroforestry Systems, biophysical studies continue to dominate agroforestry research while other important areas have not received-the attention they deserve. This paper reviews the progress in one of these under-researched areas, socioeconomics. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of published socioeconomic research papers and a survey of agroforestry socioeconomic researchers are used to evaluate the achievements in agroforestry socioeconomic research over the past 14 years: what are the major advances, gaps in knowledge, and constraints for closing those knowledge gaps? Although agroforestry socioeconomics remains a field in its infancy, both the scope and the quality of socioeconomic research are slowly improving. The recent trend away from; literature reviews, qualitative, and purely descriptive quantitative research based on small sample sizes, and toward more rigorous statistical analyses of better and larger data sets is encouraging. Priority areas for future research include theoretical and empirical analyses of agroforestry adoption decisions, improved economic analyses, and policy studies at local, national, and regional levels. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Mercer, DE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, POB 12254, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PY 1997 VL 38 IS 1-3 BP 177 EP 193 DI 10.1023/A:1005964830133 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA ZD432 UT WOS:000072684700009 ER PT J AU Weil, RR Foy, CD Coradetti, CA AF Weil, RR Foy, CD Coradetti, CA TI Influence of soil moisture regimes on subsequent soil manganese availability and toxicity in two cotton genotypes SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID OXIDATION; PH AB Differential plant tolerance to high levels of Mn and effects of changing soil aeration on Mn availability and are major factors in the problem of Mn toxicity in acid soils. A pot study was conducted to evaluate the effects of temporary flooding or drying on Mn forms and toxicity during subsequent cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth. Two acid, high-Mn Hapludalfs were incubated for 16 d in flooded, air-dry, or moist conditions, then restored to field moisture content and planted with two cotton genotypes: C-310,73-307 (307, Mn-tolerant) and C-Sg1,70-517 (517, Mn-sensitive). After the incubation period, levels of exchangeable Mn in the Jackland soil (pH 4.8) were 9.0, 2.6, and 0.3 mmol kg(-1), respectively, for hooded, air-dry, and moist pretreatments. Corresponding values for the Myersville soil (pH 5.2) were only 4.4, 0.6, and 0.1 mmol kg(-1). Three days after seedling emergence in the flooded pretreatment, exchangeable Mn declined to 4.4 mmol Mn kg(-1) in the Jackland soil and 0.2 mmol Mn kg(-1) in the Myersville soil. Manganese toxicity symptoms (crinkle leaf) for both cotton genotypes developed only on the Jackland soil, with severity of symptoms following the order: flood > air dry > moist. With both soils, flooding pretreatment decreased dry matter production; generally more for 517 than for 307. Tissue Mn concentrations were 20 to 50 times higher in leaves from Jackland soil compared to those from Myersville soil. Where flooding caused toxicity symptoms in both genotypes, lower exchangeable Mn was measured in pots growing Mn-tolerant cotton. Differential Mn tolerance of cotton genotypes was not associated with differential Mn uptake or tissue concentration. C1 USDA ARS, CLIMATE STRESS LAB, NAT RESOURCES INST, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. RP Weil, RR (reprint author), UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT AGRON, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 89 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WL733 UT WOS:A1997WL73300001 ER PT J AU Ayisi, KK Putnam, DH Vance, CP Russelle, MP Allan, DL AF Ayisi, KK Putnam, DH Vance, CP Russelle, MP Allan, DL TI Strip intercropping and nitrogen effects on seed, oil, and protein yields of canola and soybean SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SUNFLOWER; CORN AB Increased world demand for high-quality edible oil requires agronomic practices that increase oilseed yields with minimal environmental impact. We hypothesized that strip intercrops of canola (Brassica napus L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] would increase seed, oil, and protein yields compared with sole crops. Canola (cv. Global) was grown in 4.5-m wide strips adjacent to 4.5-m strips of later-planted soybean (cv. Chippewa) at Rosemount, MN, in 1991 and 1992, and at St Paul, MN, in 1992. Zero or 134 kg N ha(-1) was applied at planting in the Rosemount studies, and 134 kg N ha(-1) was applied at St. Paul. Seed yield, oil, and crude protein (CP) concentrations were determined for individual rows. Land equivalent ratios (LER) were calculated, using inner rows of the strip to represent sole crop yields. Canola border row yields were 225 to 590% of those of sole crop rows. Without N fertilization, soybean border row yields were similar to sole crop rows, but with added N fertilizer were only 50 to 65% of the sole crop yields. Projected LERs (range: 1.02 to 1.65) were significantly greater than 1.0 for strip widths of 1 to 4 m without N, and 1 to 6 m with fertilizer N. Strip intercrops produced edible oil and CP yields up to 170% of the mean of the two sole crops. Intercropping canola and soybean in strips has the potential to reduce fertilizer applications and enhance oil and protein yields compared with sole crops. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT AGRON & RANGE SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV NORTH,DEPT PLANT PROD,ZA-0727 SOVENGA,SOUTH AFRICA. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AGRON & PLANT GENET,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,USDA ARS,DAIRY FORAGE RES CTR,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL WATER & CLIMATE,ST PAUL,MN 55108. UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT SOIL WATER & CLIMATE,ST PAUL,MN 55108. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 89 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WL733 UT WOS:A1997WL73300004 ER PT J AU Jaynes, DB Colvin, TS AF Jaynes, DB Colvin, TS TI Spatiotemporal variability of corn and soybean yield SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL VARIABILITY; SOIL PROPERTIES AB Little is known about the spatial structure of yield across fields, nor of the temporal stability of this structure. We determined the spatial structures of grain yield for 6 yr of data and examined the stability of these structures over time. Yields were measured each year at 224 locations on an 8 x 24 grid within a 16-ha field, using plot combines. The field was planted either to corn (Zea mays L.) or soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in an alternate-year rotation. Soybean yields averaged 3.16, 3.14, and 3.12 Mg ha(-1) in 1990, 1992, and 1994. Corn yields averaged 9.30, 9.34, and 5.02 Mg ha(-1) in 1989, 1991, and 1993 with the lower yield in 1993 a result of excessive rainfall that gear. The large-scale deterministic structure of the spatial yield data was constructed for each year by median polishing. The trend surfaces were different for each gear, indicating a lack of temporal stability in large-scale structure, although the trend surfaces shared some similar features. Overall, the deterministic structure accounted for about 25% of the overall yield variance. The small-scale stochastic spatial structure was determined by computing variograms of the yield residuals after subtracting the trends. Variograms showed strong spatial structure of the yield residuals, with zero nugget and correlation ranges approaching 150 m. Variograms differed from year to year and were not related to the crop being grown. The range was significantly correlated to precipitation, Increasing with increasing total growing-season rainfall. Long-term monitoring of yield will be necessary to fully characterize its spatial-temporal pattern. RP Jaynes, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL SOIL TILTH LAB,2150 PAMMEL DR,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 21 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 89 IS 1 BP 30 EP 37 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WL733 UT WOS:A1997WL73300005 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Namuco, O Moya, T Quilang, J AF Ziska, LH Namuco, O Moya, T Quilang, J TI Growth and yield response of field-grown tropical rice to increasing carbon dioxide and air temperature SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED CO2; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ORYZA-SATIVA; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ENRICHMENT; ACCLIMATION; BIOMASS AB Although the response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration and air temperature has been examined at the greenhouse or growth chamber level, no field studies have been conducted under the tropical, irrigated conditions where the bulk of the world's rice is grown. At the International Rice Research Institute, rice (cv. IR 72) was grown from germination until maturity for the 1994 wet and 1995 dry seasons at three different CO2 concentrations (ambient, ambient + 200, and ambient + 300 mu L L(-1) CO2) and two different air temperatures (ambient and ambient + 4 degrees C) using open-top field chambers. Averaged for both seasons, increases in CO2 concentration alone (+ 200, + 300 mu L L(-1)) resulted in a significant increase in total plant biomass (+ 31%, + 40%) and crop yield (+ 15%, + 27%) compared with the ambient control. The increase in crop yield was associated with an increase in the number of panicles per square meter and a greater percentage of filled spikelets. Simultaneous increases in CO2 and air temperature did not alter the biomass at maturity (relative to elevated CO2 alone), but plant development was accelerated at the higher growth temperature regardless of CO2 concentration. Grain yield, however, became insensitive to CO2 concentration at the higher growth temperature. Increasing both CO2 and air temperature also reduced grain quality (e.g., protein content). The combination of CO2 and temperature effects suggests that, in warmer regions (i.e., > 34 degrees C) where rice is grown, quantitative and qualitative changes in rice supply are possible if both CO2 and air temperature continue to increase. C1 INT RICE RES INST,MANILA 1099,PHILIPPINES. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,CLIMATE STRESS LAB,BLDG 046A,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 24 TC 127 Z9 144 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 89 IS 1 BP 45 EP 53 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WL733 UT WOS:A1997WL73300007 ER PT J AU Maas, SJ AF Maas, SJ TI Structure and reflectance of irrigated cotton leaf canopies SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL; CALIBRATION; GROWTH; MODEL AB Assessing the condition of an agricultural crop through remote sensing and crop modeling requires knowledge of crop characteristics related to plant canopy structure and reflectance. A study was conducted to characterize the structure and reflectance of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaf canopies over 3 yr using detailed physical and spectroradiometric measurements. Three canopy characteristics (leaf canopy reflectance, width, and height) were measured in several fields in southern Texas and in one field in Arizona. Canopy reflectance in the near-infrared was independent of canopy density, while canopy reflectance at red wavelengths was only slightly affected by canopy density. Reflectance appeared to involve primarily the top layer of leaves in the cotton canopy. Canopy width, when normalized by leaf area per plant and plant spacing, could be fit with a single relationship for all locations and years. A single relationship was also found to apply to canopy height. The consistency of these characteristics between locations and years suggests that they might be incorporated into physiology-based cotton models to allow explicit simulation of canopy reflectance. RP Maas, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,17053 SHAFTER AVE,SHAFTER,CA 93263, USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 89 IS 1 BP 54 EP 59 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WL733 UT WOS:A1997WL73300008 ER PT J AU Gates, RN Mullahey, JJ AF Gates, RN Mullahey, JJ TI Influence of seeding variables on 'Tifton 9' bahiagrass establishment SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SHRUNKEN-2 SWEET CORN; PENSACOLA BAHIAGRASS; ROTATIONS; GERMINATION; MANAGEMENT; EMERGENCE; PEANUT; COTTON AB 'Tifton 9' possesses attributes similar to 'Pensacola' bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge var. saurae Parodi) including persistence, wide adaptation, and positive rotation effects for subsequent crops. Seed dormancy has been implicated as a cause of slow establishment of bahiagrass. Our objective was to evaluate dormancy-reducing seed treatments on multiple seed lots with a range of seeding rates during spring, summer, or fall planting. Tifton 9 seed lots with high or low dormant seed fractions were planted without treatment, after solid matrix priming (SMP), or after accelerated aging (AA) at elevated temperature and humidity. Seed was planted during 2 yr at Tifton, GA (31 degrees 26' N, 83 degrees 35' W), or Immokalee, FL (26 degrees 27' N, 81 degrees 26' W), using seeding rates of 5.6, 16.8, or 50.4 kg ha(-1). Tiller counts at 1 and 2 mo following planting, stand occupation the year following planting and dry matter harvested were obtained to monitor establishment. Seed lot had no influence on any variable evaluated. Initial stands were improved by SMP, indicating enhanced early emergence; however, SMP did not increase second-year stands and forage yield compared with other seed treatments. Accelerated aging provided no advantage. Increasing the seeding rate resulted in greater emergence and second-year stand coverage, but yield advantages were small. Response to planting season varied with year and location. A November freeze damaged October-planted stands at Tifton in 1993. Stand establishment was hastened with a high seeding rate, but any advantage of high seeding rates was short lived. Seed treatments examined in this research provided little benefit, and it may be possible to reduce standard seeding rate recommendations without impairing long term establishment. C1 UNIV FLORIDA,IFAS,SW FLORIDA RES & EDUC CTR,IMMOKALEE,FL 33934. RP Gates, RN (reprint author), USDA ARS,FORAGE & TURF RES UNIT,COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STN,TIFTON,GA 31793, USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 89 IS 1 BP 134 EP 139 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WL733 UT WOS:A1997WL73300020 ER PT J AU Schmoldt, DL AF Schmoldt, DL TI Adding learning to knowledge-based systems: Taking the "artificial" out of Al SO AI APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DECISION-SUPPORT; MANAGEMENT; INDUCTION AB Knowledge-based systems (KBS) development and maintenance both require time-consuming analysis of domain knowledge. Where example cases exist, KBS can be built, and later updated, by incorporating learning capabilities into their architecture. This applies to both supervised and unsupervised learning scenarios. In this paper, the important issues for learning systems-memory, feedback, pattern formulation, and pattern recognition-are described in terms of an instance vector set, a prototype vector set, and a mapping between those sets. While learning systems can possess robustness, recency, adaptability, and extensibility, they also require careful attention to example case security, correct interpretation of feedback, modification for uncertainty calculations, and treatment of ambiguous output. Despite the difficulties associated with adding learning to KBS, it is essential for ridding them of artificiality. C1 US Forest Serv, Brooks Forest Prod Ctr, USDA, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Schmoldt, DL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Brooks Forest Prod Ctr, USDA, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AI APPLICATIONS PI MOSCOW PA PO BOX 3066, UNIV STATION, MOSCOW, ID 83843 USA SN 1051-8266 J9 AI APPLICATIONS JI AI Appl. PY 1997 VL 11 IS 3 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Agriculture; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA YT491 UT WOS:000071611500001 ER PT S AU Greer, JD AF Greer, JD BE Fishell, WG TI Payette National Forest aerial survey project - Using the Kodak digital color infrared camera SO AIRBORNE RECONNAISSANCE XXI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Airborne Reconnaissance XXI CY JUL 29-30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE aerial reconnaissance; forest management; digital photography; natural resource management; remote sensing; color infrared photography; soft copy photography; photography AB Staff of the Payette National Forest located in central Idaho used the Kodak Digital Infrared Camera to collect digital photographic images over a wide variety of selected areas, The objective of this aerial survey project is to collect airborne digital camera imagery and to evaluate it for potential use in forest assessment and management. The data collected from this remote sensing system is being compared with existing resource information and with personal knowledge of the areas surveyed, Resource specialists are evaluating the imagery to determine if it may be useful for; identifying cultural sites (pre-European settlement tribal villages and camps); recognizing ecosystem landscape pattern; mapping recreation areas; evaluating the South Fork Salmon River Toad reconstruction project; designing the Ell: Summit Road; assessing the impact of sediment on anadramous fish in the South Fork Salmon River; assessing any contribution of sediment to the South Fork from the reconstructed road; determining post-wildfire stress development in conifer timber; in assessing the development of insect populations In areas initially determined to be within low intensity wildfire burn polygons; and to search for Idaho Ground Squirrel habitat. Project sites include approximately 60 linear miles of the South Fork of the Salmon River; a parallel road over about half that distance; 3 archaeological sites; two transects of about 6 miles each for landscape patterns; 3 recreation areas; 5 miles of the Payette River; 4 miles of the Elk Summit Road; a pair of transects 4.5 miles long for stress assessment in timber; a triplet of transects about 3 miles long for the assessment of the identification of species; and an area of about 640 acres to evaluate habitat for the endangered Idaho Ground Squirrel. Preliminar-results indicate that the imagery is an economically viable way to collect site specific resource information that is of value in the management of a national forest. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, McCall, ID 83638 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2550-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3128 BP 40 EP 48 DI 10.1117/12.283931 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK08S UT WOS:000071155800004 ER PT J AU Boyle, KJ Johnson, FR McCollum, DW AF Boyle, KJ Johnson, FR McCollum, DW TI Anchoring and adjustment in single-bounded, contingent-valuation questions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Agricultural-Economics-Association CY JUL 27-30, 1997 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Agr Econ Assoc ID STARTING POINT BIAS; CHOICE C1 Univ Maine, Dept Resource Econ & Policy, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Triangle Econ Res, Res & Dev, Durham, NC USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Boyle, KJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Resource Econ & Policy, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1495 EP 1500 DI 10.2307/1244370 PG 6 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300023 ER PT J AU Kuhn, BA LeBlanc, M Gundersen, C AF Kuhn, BA LeBlanc, M Gundersen, C TI The food stamp program, welfare reform, and the aggregate economy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Agricultural-Economics-Association CY JUL 27-30, 1997 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Agr Econ Assoc C1 USDA ARS, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Kuhn, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1595 EP 1599 DI 10.2307/1244387 PG 5 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300040 ER PT J AU Kramer-LeBlanc, CS Basiotis, PP Kennedy, ET AF Kramer-LeBlanc, CS Basiotis, PP Kennedy, ET TI Maintaining food and nutrition security in the United States with welfare reform SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Agricultural-Economics-Association CY JUL 27-30, 1997 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Agr Econ Assoc C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Kramer-LeBlanc, CS (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1600 EP 1607 DI 10.2307/1244388 PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300041 ER PT J AU Barnard, CH Whittaker, G Westenbarger, D Ahearn, M AF Barnard, CH Whittaker, G Westenbarger, D Ahearn, M TI Evidence of capitalization of direct government payments into US cropland values SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Agricultural-Economics-Association CY JUL 27-30, 1997 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Agr Econ Assoc ID BASE C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Barnard, CH (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 12 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1642 EP 1650 DI 10.2307/1244396 PG 9 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300049 ER PT J AU Boisvert, RN Schmit, TM Regmi, A AF Boisvert, RN Schmit, TM Regmi, A TI Spatial, productivity, and environmental determinants of farmland values SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Agricultural-Economics-Association CY JUL 27-30, 1997 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Agr Econ Assoc ID EROSION C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Agr Resource & Managerial Econ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Foreign Agr Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Boisvert, RN (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Agr Resource & Managerial Econ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1657 EP 1664 DI 10.2307/1244398 PG 8 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300051 ER PT J AU Doering, O Klein, K Mazzocco, M Reilly, J VanKooten, K AF Doering, O Klein, K Mazzocco, M Reilly, J VanKooten, K TI American and Canadian experiences in interdisciplinary research assessing adaptation to global warming. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1686 EP 1687 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300060 ER PT J AU Harris, H Jagger, C Bahn, H Johnson, J Stephenson, M Goodloe, C Craft, D Matte, K Knutson, R AF Harris, H Jagger, C Bahn, H Johnson, J Stephenson, M Goodloe, C Craft, D Matte, K Knutson, R TI US-Canada agricultural policy harmonization: Prospects and implications (Extension Policy Outlook Symposium). SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, CREES, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, FAS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1686 EP 1686 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300057 ER PT J AU Stafford, TH Torgerson, RE Ginder, RG Sporleder, TL Fulton, J Cook, ML AF Stafford, TH Torgerson, RE Ginder, RG Sporleder, TL Fulton, J Cook, ML TI Coordination mechanisms via cooperatives. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Cooperat Serv, RBS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1686 EP 1686 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300058 ER PT J AU Wiebe, K Anderson, W Snow, J Goldstein, J Bromley, D AF Wiebe, K Anderson, W Snow, J Goldstein, J Bromley, D TI Private property, public interests, and natural resource conservation policy. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. US Dept Interior, Off Policy Anal, Washington, DC 20240 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1687 EP 1687 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300062 ER PT J AU Fairchild, G Taylor, T Goodloe, C Cook, R Ricks, D AF Fairchild, G Taylor, T Goodloe, C Cook, R Ricks, D TI Globalization of the US horticultural sub-sector: Implications for analysis of competitiveness. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, FAS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1688 EP 1688 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300066 ER PT J AU Mercier, S Jones, E Adam, B Thompson, S Meilke, K AF Mercier, S Jones, E Adam, B Thompson, S Meilke, K TI Implications of the 1996 FAIR Act for grain and oilseed markets. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 VPI&SU, Blacksburg, VA USA. USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Univ Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RI Adam, Brian/E-7781-2013 OI Adam, Brian/0000-0002-5430-0880 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1688 EP 1689 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300067 ER PT J AU Kost, WE Coyle, WT Wang, Z Gehlhar, M O'Rourke, D Hertel, T AF Kost, WE Coyle, WT Wang, Z Gehlhar, M O'Rourke, D Hertel, T TI Asia policy issues and trade liberalization. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1689 EP 1689 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300071 ER PT J AU Bolling, C Handy, C Burfisher, M AF Bolling, C Handy, C Burfisher, M TI Foreign direct investment: Bridge to the twenty-first century SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1690 EP 1690 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300072 ER PT J AU Zering, K Buccola, S Martinez, S Smith, K Hennessy, D AF Zering, K Buccola, S Martinez, S Smith, K Hennessy, D TI Changing vertical coordination, food product quality, and consumer welfare. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1690 EP 1690 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300074 ER PT J AU Morehart, MJ Weiss, M Whittaker, G Shut, PH Mackenzie, J AF Morehart, MJ Weiss, M Whittaker, G Shut, PH Mackenzie, J TI Implementing spatial economic analysis in agriculture: The research frontier. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1691 EP 1691 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300079 ER PT J AU Govindasamy, R Bahn, H Summers, L Brooker, J Eastwood, D Toensmaser, C German, C Leones, J Tronstad, R AF Govindasamy, R Bahn, H Summers, L Brooker, J Eastwood, D Toensmaser, C German, C Leones, J Tronstad, R TI Direct and diversified marketing: Issues and analysis. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19711 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1692 EP 1692 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300080 ER PT J AU Jagger, C Harwood, J Baquet, A Young, R AF Jagger, C Harwood, J Baquet, A Young, R TI Natural connections: Strengthening the ties among applied economists. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Congress Budget Off, Washington, DC 20515 USA. USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Food & Agr Policy Res Inst, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1692 EP 1692 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300081 ER PT J AU Setia, P Hyberg, B de la Torre, D Young, D Atwood, J Faeth, P House, R AF Setia, P Hyberg, B de la Torre, D Young, D Atwood, J Faeth, P House, R TI Incorporating environmental consequences into national agricultural policy analysis: A regional perspective. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA, NRCS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. World Resources Inst, Washington, DC 20006 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1692 EP 1692 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300082 ER PT J AU Allen-Smith, J Spitze, RGF Batie, S Hedley, D Ray, D Buzby, J AF Allen-Smith, J Spitze, RGF Batie, S Hedley, D Ray, D Buzby, J TI US 1996 food and agricultural policies - Now what's ahead? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1693 EP 1693 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300083 ER PT J AU Kost, WE Raney, TL Charlevois, P Link, J Somwaru, AL Diao, XS AF Kost, WE Raney, TL Charlevois, P Link, J Somwaru, AL Diao, XS TI Western hemisphere policy issues and trade liberalization. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. OECD, F-75775 Paris 16, France. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1693 EP 1694 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300085 ER PT J AU Caswell, M Offutt, S Zilberman, D Anderson, M Segerson, K AF Caswell, M Offutt, S Zilberman, D Anderson, M Segerson, K TI Developing economic and environmental survey data for policy analysis. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1694 EP 1695 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300089 ER PT J AU Christensen, LA Hebert, T Ogg, C Moelleur, R Abdalla, C Banker, D AF Christensen, LA Hebert, T Ogg, C Moelleur, R Abdalla, C Banker, D TI Provisions in the new farm bill: Emerging issues and opportunities for addressing livestock, dairy, and poultry pollution. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. USDA, NRCS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1694 EP 1694 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300090 ER PT J AU Daberkow, S Lange, M Carlson, G Duffy, P Ethridge, D Sanders, L Wetzstein, M AF Daberkow, S Lange, M Carlson, G Duffy, P Ethridge, D Sanders, L Wetzstein, M TI Economics of boll weevil eradication. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Natl Cotton Council, Memphis, TN 38182 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1695 EP 1695 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300092 ER PT J AU Gallo, AE MacDonald, JM Connor, JM Perloff, JM Azzam, A Sexton, RJ AF Gallo, AE MacDonald, JM Connor, JM Perloff, JM Azzam, A Sexton, RJ TI Is market structure a food policy issue? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1695 EP 1695 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300091 ER PT J AU Tweeten, L Miranowski, J Ervin, D Smith, C Sohngen, B AF Tweeten, L Miranowski, J Ervin, D Smith, C Sohngen, B TI Is American agriculture sustainable? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1695 EP 1695 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300094 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Cornejo, J Kramer-LeBlanc, C Phillips, M Gianessi, LP Carlson, G Swinton, S AF Fernandez-Cornejo, J Kramer-LeBlanc, C Phillips, M Gianessi, LP Carlson, G Swinton, S TI Pest management in a new policy environment: Reconciling consumer, producer, and environmental interests. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, CNPP, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Natl Ctr Food & Agr Policy, Washington, DC USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1697 EP 1698 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300100 ER PT J AU Lawrence, J West, D Bahn, H Luo, HP Patrick, G Pikor, G Dismukes, R Erven, B AF Lawrence, J West, D Bahn, H Luo, HP Patrick, G Pikor, G Dismukes, R Erven, B TI Developing the tools and skills to manage agricultural risk. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, RESD, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, CSREES, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1697 EP 1697 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300099 ER PT J AU Gardiner, W Bollman, R Cordell, HK Kraybill, D AF Gardiner, W Bollman, R Cordell, HK Kraybill, D TI Amenity resources: A quandary for rural communities. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, RED, Washington, DC 20250 USA. STAT Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. US Forest Serv, Athens, GA USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1699 EP 1699 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300105 ER PT J AU Perry, J Surls, F Coble, K Schertz, L Osborne, T AF Perry, J Surls, F Coble, K Schertz, L Osborne, T TI 1996 Farm Act effects on management of farm resources. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1700 EP 1701 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300110 ER PT J AU Jaenicke, E Lengnick, L AF Jaenicke, E Lengnick, L TI A soil-quality index and its relationship to efficiency and productivity growth measures: Two decompositions. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1702 EP 1702 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300115 ER PT J AU Claassen, R Heimlich, R House, R AF Claassen, R Heimlich, R House, R TI Wetland conversion for agriculture after the FAIR Act. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1703 EP 1703 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300128 ER PT J AU Dodson, C AF Dodson, C TI Farmers buying land: Does credit matter? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1704 EP 1705 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300139 ER PT J AU Hrubovcak, J Bradley, M AF Hrubovcak, J Bradley, M TI Farm real estate values and the macroeconomy. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1705 EP 1705 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300140 ER PT J AU Ryan, J AF Ryan, J TI Farm operations' sources of capital and financial performance measures. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1705 EP 1705 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300146 ER PT J AU Peters, M McDowell, H House, R AF Peters, M McDowell, H House, R TI Environmental and economic effects of taxing nitrogen fertilizer. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1707 EP 1707 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300162 ER PT J AU Arnade, C Pick, D Munisamy, G AF Arnade, C Pick, D Munisamy, G TI Testing oligopoly power in domestic and export markets. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1708 EP 1708 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300169 ER PT J AU Ugarte, DDT Lin, W Somwaru, A AF Ugarte, DDT Lin, W Somwaru, A TI Regional product adjustments induced by the 1996 farm act. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1708 EP 1708 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300173 ER PT J AU Huang, K Lin, BH AF Huang, K Lin, BH TI Estimation of demand elasticities from household survey data. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1710 EP 1710 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300195 ER PT J AU Letson, D Gollehon, N Breneman, V Kascar, C AF Letson, D Gollehon, N Breneman, V Kascar, C TI Confined animal production and groundwater protection. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1711 EP 1711 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300200 ER PT J AU El Behri, A Hertel, T Martin, W AF El Behri, A Hertel, T Martin, W TI Estimating the impact of trade reforms in the Indian cotton sector: A general equilibrium approach. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Praveen Dixit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1712 EP 1712 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300213 ER PT J AU Vandeman, A Buzby, J AF Vandeman, A Buzby, J TI The value of reducing foodborne illness in a high-risk population: Toxoplasmosis and AIDS. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1713 EP 1713 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300221 ER PT J AU Ruppel, F AF Ruppel, F TI Determinants of US exports of processed foods: An empirical examination using pooled data. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1715 EP 1715 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300240 ER PT J AU Vasavada, U Gopinath, M AF Vasavada, U Gopinath, M TI Patents, R & D, and market structure in the US food processing industry. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1715 EP 1715 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300239 ER PT J AU Heifner, R AF Heifner, R TI Can options traders forecast crop price volatility over the growing season? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1716 EP 1716 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300249 ER PT J AU Muth, M Wohlgenant, M AF Muth, M Wohlgenant, M TI Identifying the degree of oligopsony power in the beef packing industry with variable proportions technology. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, SA, GIP, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1716 EP 1716 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300250 ER PT J AU Ollinger, M MacDonald, J Nelson, K Handy, C AF Ollinger, M MacDonald, J Nelson, K Handy, C TI Plant exit in beef, pork, chicken, and turkey slaughter industries, 1963-92. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1717 EP 1717 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300252 ER PT J AU Young, D Kwon, TJ Boerboom, C Young, F AF Young, D Kwon, TJ Boerboom, C Young, F TI Field testing and revision of a bioeconomic weed control decision model. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1717 EP 1717 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300254 ER PT J AU Caswell, M Shoemaker, R AF Caswell, M Shoemaker, R TI Agricultural policies to encourage the diffusion of environmentally preferred technologies. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1730 EP 1730 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300379 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Cornejo, J AF Fernandez-Cornejo, J TI Environmental and economic consequences of technology adoption: Integrated pest management in viticulture. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1730 EP 1730 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300378 ER PT J AU McBride, W AF McBride, W TI Structural change in hog and milk production, 1969-92. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1731 EP 1731 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300386 ER PT J AU Nehring, R Grube, A AF Nehring, R Grube, A TI Quality adjusted quantity indices for pesticides: A comparison of selected states in the midwest and south. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1732 EP 1733 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300399 ER PT J AU Levedahl, JW AF Levedahl, JW TI The cash value of food stamps to recipients. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1735 EP 1735 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300420 ER PT J AU Buzby, J Roberts, T AF Buzby, J Roberts, T TI Tort liability: A weak or strong incentive for controlling foodborne pathogens? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1736 EP 1736 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300423 ER PT J AU Kaufman, P Harris, JM AF Kaufman, P Harris, JM TI Measuring supermarket under-capacity in the Lower Mississippi Delta region: A geographical information system application. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1736 EP 1736 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300429 ER PT J AU Starke, Y Ralston, K Lin, CTJ AF Starke, Y Ralston, K Lin, CTJ TI Risk perceptions and food preparation: The case of hamburgers. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. CSR Inc, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1736 EP 1736 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300427 ER PT J AU Dodson, C Ryan, J Koenig, S AF Dodson, C Ryan, J Koenig, S TI USDA farm credit programs: Whom do they serve? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1737 EP 1737 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300434 ER PT J AU Johnston, P Hyberg, B Ugarte, DD White, R AF Johnston, P Hyberg, B Ugarte, DD White, R TI Conservation Compliance: Considering supply, demand, and environmental impacts in evaluating costs and benefits for wind and water erosion-stricken areas of the United States. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1737 EP 1737 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300439 ER PT J AU White, RL Setia, PP Hyberg, BT Kellogg, RL Ray, DE AF White, RL Setia, PP Hyberg, BT Kellogg, RL Ray, DE TI Economic and environmental impacts of moving toward a more sustainable agriculture: Regional winners and losers. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1737 EP 1737 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300433 ER PT J AU Clark, J Coyle, B AF Clark, J Coyle, B TI The tariff walls in APEC: Unfinished business of the Uruguay round. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1738 EP 1738 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300444 ER PT J AU DeRemer, K Roberts, D Thornsbury, S AF DeRemer, K Roberts, D Thornsbury, S TI A profile of technical barriers to US agricultural exports. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1738 EP 1738 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300442 ER PT J AU Huang, SW AF Huang, SW TI APEC: Growing market for US agricultural exports. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 1110 BUCKEYE AVE, AMES, IA 50010-8063 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 1997 VL 79 IS 5 SI SI BP 1738 EP 1738 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA ZN774 UT WOS:000073681300443 ER PT J AU Kim, YI Pogribny, IP Basnakian, AG Miller, JW Selhub, J James, SJ Mason, JB AF Kim, YI Pogribny, IP Basnakian, AG Miller, JW Selhub, J James, SJ Mason, JB TI Folate deficiency in rats induces DNA strand breaks and hypomethylation within the p53 tumor suppressor gene SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 86th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-Cancer-Research CY MAR 15-22, 1995 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Assoc Canc Res DE folate; DNA methylation; DNA damage; p53; carcinogenesis ID FED METHYL-DEFICIENT; CHOLINE-DEVOID DIET; ACID-DEFINED DIETS; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; COORDINATE REGULATION; CHROMATIN STRUCTURE; EMBRYO CELLS; FOLIC-ACID; CANCER; METABOLISM AB Folate is essential for the de novo biosynthesis of purines and thymidylate, and is an important mediator in the transfer of methyl groups for DNA methylation. Folate deficiency, therefore, could contribute to abnormal DNA integrity and methylation patterns. We investigated the effect of isolated folate deficiency in rats on DNA methylation and DNA strand breaks both at the genomic level and within specific sequences of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Our data indicate that folate deficiency induces DNA strand breaks and hypomethylation within the p53 gene. Such alterations either did not occur or were chronologically delayed when examined on a genome-wide basis, indicating some selectivity for the exons examined within the p53 gene. Folate insufficiency has been implicated in the development of several human and experimental cancers, and aberrations within these regions of the p53 gene that were examined in this study are thought to play an integral role in carcinogenesis. The aforementioned molecular alterations may therefore be a means by which dietary folate deficiency enhances carcinogenesis. C1 TUFTS UNIV,JEAN MAYER USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,VITAMIN BIOAVAILABIL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. US FDA,NATL CTR TOXICOL RES,DIV NUTR TOXICOL,JEFFERSON,AR 72079. FU NCI NIH HHS [1UO1 CA63812-01] NR 49 TC 237 Z9 245 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 65 IS 1 BP 46 EP 52 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WA658 UT WOS:A1997WA65800007 PM 8988912 ER PT J AU DawsonHughes, B Harris, SS Dallal, GE AF DawsonHughes, B Harris, SS Dallal, GE TI Plasma calcidiol, season, and serum parathyroid hormone concentrations in healthy elderly men and women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE vitamin D; parathyroid hormone; men; women; season; travel ID VITAMIN-D SUPPLEMENTATION; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; BONE LOSS; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; HUMAN-SKIN; POPULATION; CALCIUM; SEX AB Wintertime declines in vitamin D lead to increased concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and accelerated bone loss in postmenopausal women. We conducted this study to compare calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D) concentrations of men and women, to examine the influence of season, travel, vitamin D intake, and other variables on these concentrations, and to compare associations between calcidiol and PTH concentrations in elderly men and women. In this cross-sectional study of 182 men and 209 women aged > 65 y, mean calcidiol concentrations were higher in men than in women overall ((x) over bar +/- SD: 82.4 +/- 35.8 compared with 68.9 +/- 32.1 nmol/L, P < 0.001). In the subset measured in winter (February-May), plasma calcidiol concentrations were lower and not significantly different in men (59.4 +/- 21.8, n = 52) and women (57.7 +/- 23.4 nmol/L, n = 83). In a multiple- regression model, calcidiol concentrations were positively influenced by wintertime travel (P = 0.012), vitamin D intake (P = 0.002), and time spent outdoors (P = 0.096) and negatively influenced by weight (P < 0.001) and age (P = 0.039). Plasma calcidiol and serum PTH concentrations were inversely related, with PTH rising slowly as calcidiol concentrations declined below 110 nmol/L (95 CI: 60, 168 nmol/L). More than 90% of the men and women had calcidiol concentrations below this value in the wintertime. The high prevalence of lower wintertime calcidiol values may increase risk of bone loss in elderly men and women. RP DawsonHughes, B (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV, JEAN MAYER USDA, HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING, 711 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG10353] NR 20 TC 210 Z9 217 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 65 IS 1 BP 67 EP 71 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WA658 UT WOS:A1997WA65800010 PM 8988915 ER PT J AU Turnlund, JR Scott, KC Peiffer, GL Jang, AM Keyes, WR Keen, CL Sakanashi, TM AF Turnlund, JR Scott, KC Peiffer, GL Jang, AM Keyes, WR Keen, CL Sakanashi, TM TI Copper status of young men consuming a low-copper diet SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE copper status; ceruloplasmin; superoxide dismutase; polymorphonuclear leukocyte copper ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; WEANLING RATS; LYSYL OXIDASE; DEFICIENCY; SUPPLEMENTATION; CERULOPLASMIN; PEROXIDASE; ABSORPTION; HUMANS; SERUM AB A study was conducted in 11 young men to evaluate the effect of a low-copper diet on indexes of copper status and to define an amount of dietary copper at which adequate copper status could not be maintained. The young men were confined to a metabolic research unit fur 90 d. The study was divided into three periods, with dietary copper as the only variable. Dietary copper was 0.66 mg/d for 24 d, 0.38 mg/d for 42 d, and 2.49 mg/d for 24 d. Plasma copper, ceruloplasmin activity, ceruloplasmin concentration, and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured at selected time points during each dietary copper period. Urine was collected throughout the study. Plasma copper, ceruloplasmin concentration and activity, and urinary copper declined significantly during the lowest dietary copper period. Plasma copper, ceruloplasmin concentration, and urinary copper increased in response to repletion. The average erythrocyte SOD concentration was lower during the depletion period than in the periods before or after depletion, but it did not decline significantly over time in the depletion period. The results suggest that these indexes are sensitive to copper depletion; that 0.38 mg Cu/d is not sufficient to maintain copper status in normal, healthy young men; and that the minimum dietary copper requirement is between 0.4 and 0.8 mg/d. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT NUTR,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP Turnlund, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 28 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 65 IS 1 BP 72 EP 78 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WA658 UT WOS:A1997WA65800011 PM 8988916 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, IH AF Rosenberg, IH TI Better understanding of folate nutrition through chemistry SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID ACID RP Rosenberg, IH (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 65 IS 1 BP 162 EP 163 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA WA658 UT WOS:A1997WA65800025 PM 8988930 ER PT J AU Austin, RK Clay, W Phimphivong, S Smilanick, JL Henson, DJ AF Austin, RK Clay, W Phimphivong, S Smilanick, JL Henson, DJ TI Patterns of sulfite residue persistence in seedless grapes during three months of repeated sulfur dioxide fumigations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE sulfur dioxide; grape storage ID TABLE GRAPES AB In 1989, the United States Environmental Protection Agency instituted a sulfite tolerance of 10 mu g SO2 per gram in grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). Accordingly, the residues resulting from repeated weekly SO2 fumigations of table grapes in storage, a typical industry practice, are a concern. In a simulation of commercial practices, grapes (cv. Thompson Seedless) were fumigated once a week with 2000 or 5000 mu L SO2 per liter of storage volume and aerated 30 minutes while stored at 0 degrees C for at least fourteen consecutive weeks. Each week, grapes were frozen immediately after aeration or stored at 0 degrees C, 10 degrees C, 20 degrees C, or 30 degrees C for 24 hours. The mean SO2 concentration for the treatment with the highest residues was 2.3 mu g/g (5000 mu L/L dose, seven fumigations). The maximum residue levels at each dose level were observed between the seventh and eleventh weekly fumigations. The influence of post-fumigation temperature on sulfite residue loss was minor and inconsistent. These data suggest that current industry practices leave sulfite residues well below the official legal tolerance. RP Austin, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,FRESNO,CA 93727, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 1997 VL 48 IS 1 BP 121 EP 124 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA WN848 UT WOS:A1997WN84800018 ER PT J AU Uyemoto, JK Krag, CR Rowhani, A AF Uyemoto, JK Krag, CR Rowhani, A TI An improved purification procedure for grapevine leafroll associated viruses SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE grapevine leafroll disease; virus purification; buffer salts; virus yields ID CLOSTEROVIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; DISEASE AB Higher yields of purified grapevine leafroll associated viruses (GLRaV) types 1 and 2 were consistently realized when an acidic extraction buffer [0.5 M potassium phosphate, pH 6.4; 4% polyvinyl polypyrrolidone (PVPP), without bentonite] was used. In contrast, yield of purified viruses was problematical using 0.5 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.2, PVPP, either with or without bentonite. Relative virus yields were determined by ELISA. The consistency in virus yields was probably due to increased activity of the polyphenol absorbent, PVPP, when it was suspended in a slightly acidic solution. For GLRaV-3, yields of purified virus were somewhat comparable irrespective of extraction buffer or bentonite. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Uyemoto, JK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 1997 VL 48 IS 4 BP 521 EP 524 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA YU122 UT WOS:000071684500020 ER PT J AU VanLoan, MD AF VanLoan, MD TI Multicompartment model of body composition assessment in Chinese-American adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BONE-MINERAL CONTENT; FAT-FREE BODY; WHITE-CHILDREN; FREE MASS; DENSITY; BLACK; AGE; WATER; HYDRATION; HUMANS AB Using hydrodensitometry, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and deuterium dilution techniques, multiple compartment body composition assessment was performed on 29 adult Chinese-American men (n = 11) and women (n = 18). The purpose of the investigation was to determine if significant differences exist in the estimation of percentage of body fat (%BF) and fat-free mass (FFM), based on 2-, 3-, and 4-compartment models of body composition. Height, weight, and the body mass index (BMI) for the men were 170 cm, 63 kg, and 22 kg/m(2); for the women, values were 161 cm, 59 kg, and 23 kg/m(2), respectively. Estimated values for %BF from density alone and density adjusted for TBW were not significantly different for either the men or women (20.5% vs. 18.8%) and (28.2% vs. 27.4%). However, %BF estimated from the 4-compartment model of density, TEW and BMC resulted in significantly lower values for both groups, 17.5% for men and 26.8% for women. The lack of a significant difference in %BF between density only and density adjusted for TEW indicates that TEW was within the accepted constancy value associated with hydrodensitometry. When density was adjusted for variation in both TEW and BMC, a significant decline occurred in the estimate of %BF for men, but not for women. The average TEW to FFM ratio was 0.75., 0.74, and 0.73 when using FFM values from 2-, 3-, and 4-compartment models, respectively. The average BMC to FFM ratio from two-, three-, and four-compartment estimates of FFM were 0.054, 0.053, and 0.052 for the men and 0.060, 0.059, and 0.059 for the women. The results suggest that Chinese-American men and women have similar TBW/FFM ratios, but the BMC/FFM ratio is higher in women than men. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. RP VanLoan, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS,WESTERN HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,POB 29997,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94129, USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1042-0533 J9 AM J HUM BIOL JI Am. J. Hum. Biol. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 1 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6300(1997)9:1<21::AID-AJHB4>3.0.CO;2-T PG 6 WC Anthropology; Biology SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA WG242 UT WOS:A1997WG24200004 ER PT J AU Stuff, JE Mueller, WH AF Stuff, JE Mueller, WH TI Role of infant feeding practice, sex, and age on fatness and subcutaneous fat distribution in infancy: Longitudinal analysis of multiple skinfold measurements SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS; BODY-COMPOSITION; HUMAN-MILK; GROWTH; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENCE; CHILDHOOD; ADIPOSITY; ADULTHOOD; PATTERNS AB The aim of this study was to determine whether subcutaneous fatness and fat distribution differ on the basis of feeding practice and sex during the first 6 months of life. Longitudinal principal components analysis (PCA) was done on skinfolds measured at five sites in 45 breast-fed and 41 formula-fed infants. The first component represented fatness, the second component change in fatness, and the third component upper body/lower body fat distribution. Analysis of the components indicated that fatness and the proportion of lower body fat were greater in breast-fed than in formula-fed infants; however, when race was included as a predictor, the differences in lower body fat did not persist. The interpretation of components and the group differences were confirmed by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the sum of skinfolds (fatness) or simple skinfold ratios (fat distribution). Group differences for fatness and upper body/lower body fat persisted when race was included as a predictor. Longitudinal PCA of another indicator, the Rohrer index, suggested that fatness was greater in formula-fed than breast-fed infants. Collectively, these findings suggest that formula-fed infants have less subcutaneous fat than breast-fed infants; however, formula-fed infants may have either more internal fat or more lean body mass. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 TEXAS CHILDRENS HOSP,HOUSTON,TX 77030. UNIV TEXAS,SCH PUBL HLTH,HOUSTON,TX 77225. RP Stuff, JE (reprint author), BAYLOR COLL MED,USDA ARS,CHILDRENS NUTR RES CTR,DEPT PEDIAT,1100 BATES ST,HOUSTON,TX 77030, USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1042-0533 J9 AM J HUM BIOL JI Am. J. Hum. Biol. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 2 BP 179 EP 190 PG 12 WC Anthropology; Biology SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA WQ343 UT WOS:A1997WQ34300004 ER PT J AU DeSoyza, AG Whitford, WG MartinezMeza, E VanZee, JW AF DeSoyza, AG Whitford, WG MartinezMeza, E VanZee, JW TI Variation in creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) canopy morphology in relation to habitat, soil fertility and associated annual plant communities SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; SHRUB; WATER; GROWTH; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS AB Differences in creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) crown morphology may reflect changes in die relative demand for water vs. nutrient resources, coinciding with shrub growth and development. Creosotebushes with inverted cone-shaped crowns were more abundant in water-limited environments whereas hemispherical shaped creosotebushes were more abundant in less water-limited environments. Cone-shaped creosotebushes accumulated substantially less litter under their canopies than did creosotebushes with hemispherical shaped crowns. Soil nutrient concentrations under conical shrubs were similar to those in intershrub spaces and both of these were significantly less than soil nutrient concentrations under hemispherical shrubs. In ecosystems where overland flow of water exerted a greater influence on the movement of organic litter than did wind, shrub shape had little effect on long-term litter accumulation. No persistent differences in the biomass or diversity of ephemeral taxa exploiting undershrub areas were found, probably because the positive effects of greater nutrient resources under hemispherical shrubs were offset by the limitations imposed by the larger, more dense canopies of hemispherical shrubs. Overall, creosotebush morphology affected litter accumulation patterns and soil nutrient patterns, and must be considered when assessing the heterogeneity of desert ecosystems in the southwestern USA. C1 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIV,DEPT 3JER,USDA ARS,JORNADA EXPT RANGE,LAS CRUCES,NM 88003. US EPA,NATL EXPOSURE RES LAB,CHARACTERIZAT RES DIV,LAS VEGAS,NV 89193. NR 32 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 137 IS 1 BP 13 EP 26 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WH052 UT WOS:A1997WH05200002 ER PT J AU Rebertus, AJ Shifley, SR Richards, RH Roovers, LM AF Rebertus, AJ Shifley, SR Richards, RH Roovers, LM TI Ice storm damage to an old-growth oak-hickory forest in Missouri SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID DISTURBANCE; GAPS AB On 6 December 1994 a severe ice storm hit several midwestern states. We inventoried damage and woody debris input from the storm in 30 0.1-ha permanent plots in an old-growth oak-hickory forest in northern Missouri. Twenty-seven percent of 1386 live trees greater than or equal to 2 cm dbh were damaged but only 7% were severely damaged. Basswood (tilia americana) and American elm (Ulmus americana) were the most susceptible species; white oak (Quercus alba), eastern hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana) and shagbark hickory (Carya avata) were among the least susceptible. Damage levels increased with stem diameter, and trees occupying dominant crown positions were more heavily damaged than suppressed trees. Damage severity was highly variable across the landscape, but trees on lower slopes and mesic aspects tended to have more damage, even for a given species. Coarse woody debris input From the storm averaged 5.1 m(3)/ha, 27% of the prestorm volume, with northern red oak (Q. rubra) and white oak contributing 79% of the total. This single event will probably have minimal impact on stand composition and structure, but repeated ice storms at 20-yr intervals likely influence forest dynamics in midwest oak-hickory forests. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP Rebertus, AJ (reprint author), UNIV MISSOURI,SCH NAT RESOURCES,COLUMBIA,MO 65211, USA. NR 35 TC 57 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 137 IS 1 BP 48 EP 61 DI 10.2307/2426754 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WH052 UT WOS:A1997WH05200005 ER PT J AU Brooks, RT AF Brooks, RT TI Nipple dimensions and reproductive status of northeastern Minnesota female black bears (Ursus americanus) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Nipple length and width were measured one or more times on 72 female black hears from northeastern Minnesota. An index to nipple volume was calculated, Nipple dimensions and volume for nulliparous bears were relatively constant throughout the year Nipple dimensions and volume for parous, nonlactating and lactating bears fluctuated seasonally. Nipple dimensions of parous bears were considerably larger than those of nulliparous bears, and dimensions of parous, lactating bears were generally larger than those of parous, nonlactating bears. Nipple dimensions could be used to separate nulliparous from parous hears but could only separate nonlactating from lactating parous bears with marginal confidence. C1 US FOREST SERV,N CENT FOREST EXPT STN,ST PAUL,MN 55108. RP Brooks, RT (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,NE FOREST EXPT STN,AMHERST,MA 01003, USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 137 IS 1 BP 178 EP 182 DI 10.2307/2426767 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WH052 UT WOS:A1997WH05200018 ER PT J AU Cross, WH Cross, WM Jackson, PR Dixon, PM Pinder, JE AF Cross, WH Cross, WM Jackson, PR Dixon, PM Pinder, JE TI Corresponding development of plant and phytophagous orthopteran communities during southeastern old-field succession SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID RANGELAND AB Data are summarized from several previous studies to show (1) that the median number of phytophagous orthopteran species increases through the early sages of old-field succession in South Carolina, and (2) that this increase is largely due to the addition of orthopterans with mandibular morphologies that indicate feeding on parallel-veined grass leaves. The later addition of graminivorous orthopterans to the community coincides with the later invasion of grasses. C1 SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB, AIKEN, SC 29801 USA. ARS, USDA, BOLL WEEVIL RES LAB, MISSISSIPPI STATE, MS 39762 USA. US DOE, SAVANNAH RIVER OPERAT OFF, AIKEN, SC 29801 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 EI 1938-4238 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 137 IS 1 BP 188 EP 193 DI 10.2307/2426769 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA WH052 UT WOS:A1997WH05200020 ER PT J AU Sanford, LL Kobayashi, RS Deahl, KL Sinden, SL AF Sanford, LL Kobayashi, RS Deahl, KL Sinden, SL TI Diploid and tetraploid Solanum chacoense genotypes that synthesize leptine glycoalkaloids and deter feeding by Colorado potato beetle SO AMERICAN POTATO JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE AB A selection (8380-1) from Solanum chacoense Bitter (2n=2x=24) accession PI 458310 that synthesizes the leptine glycoalkaloids was compared in growth chambers with tetraploid (2n=4x=48) genotypes derived from tissue culture of 8380-1 leaf explants for plant growth habit, leaf glycoalkaloid content, and effect on the development of Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)] larvae. The plants of the 4x regenerant genotypes were more vigorous with larger, more oval shaped leaflets than 8380-1 plants. The leaf concentrations of leptines and total glycoalkaloids were significantly lower (about 34%) in the 4x genotypes than in 8380-1. The proportion of leptines in the total glycoalkaloid content was nearly the same (about 80%) in both ploidy groups. In leaf-disk feeding tests, the development of Colorado potato beetle neonate larvae was not significantly different for the 2x and 4x genotypes. Both groups significantly slowed development compared with development on cv. Kennebec leaf disks. The 8380-1 selection and a group of 4x 8380-1 regenerant genotypes are maintained in the Vegetable Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center,Beltsville, MD 20705 and are available for distribution. RP Sanford, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS,INST PLANT SCI,VEGETABLE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSN AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE 114 DEERING HALL, ORONO, ME 04469 SN 0003-0589 J9 AM POTATO J JI Am. Potato J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 74 IS 1 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1007/BF02849168 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA WH479 UT WOS:A1997WH47900002 ER PT J AU Hartman, WJ Prior, RL AF Hartman, WJ Prior, RL TI Feeding and arginine deficient diets differentially alter free amino acid concentrations of hindlimb muscle in young rats SO AMINO ACIDS LA English DT Article DE amino acids; muscle; fed state; arginine deficiency; rats ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; METABOLISM; RELEASE; PROTEIN; PLASMA; TISSUE; INVIVO; MEAL; FLUX AB The objective of these experiments was to examine short-and long-term (7 d) effects of arginine-deficient diets on free amino acid concentrations in hindlimb muscle of rats. In rats fed the control diet containing arginine (+Arg), muscle alanine and methionine concentrations were higher 1 and 2 h after feeding compared to food-deprived rats, whereas branched-chain amino acids, arginine and asparagine concentrations were lower postprandially. In Experiment 1, rats were fed an arginine-deficient (-Arg) diet with glutamate (+Glu) substituted for arginine; alanine (+Ala), ornithine (+Orn) or citrulline (+Cit) were substituted for arginine in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, arginine concentrations decreased in blood but not in muscle. This contrasts with rats fed -Arg/+Ala or -Arg/+Orn diets which had muscle arginine concentrations less than half the concentrations in controls or in rats fed the -Arg/+Cit diet. Muscle essential amino acids in Experiment 2 did not differ by diet, but muscle branched-chain amino acids were elevated relative to controls in the rats fed -Arg/+Ala or -Arg/+Orn diets; how-ever, rats fed the -Arg/+Cit diet had levels similar to the controls. Also, muscle branched-chain amino acids were correlated with glutamine concentrations in both blood and muscle. The measurements in the post-meal period suggest that muscle amino acid concentrations may more closely reflect dietary amino acid patterns than do blood amino concentrations. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Hartman, WJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA ARS, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0939-4451 J9 AMINO ACIDS JI Amino Acids PY 1997 VL 13 IS 3-4 BP 219 EP 236 DI 10.1007/BF01372589 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YM825 UT WOS:000071105100002 ER PT J AU Hartman, WJ Prior, RL AF Hartman, WJ Prior, RL TI Portal-drained viscera and hepatic fluxes of branched-chain amino acids do not account for differences in circulating branched-chain amino acids in rats fed arginine-deficient diets SO AMINO ACIDS LA English DT Article DE essential amino acids; fed state; interorgan flux; rats; arginine deficiency ID DEHYDROGENASE-ACTIVITY; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; METABOLISM; PROTEIN; LIVER; PLASMA; INVIVO AB Concentrations and fluxes of amino acids across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver were assessed in rats fed a meal of one of three arginine-deficient diets containing either alanine or the arginine precursors, ornithine or citrulline. A previous report included findings of seven arginine-related amino acids and indicated that only the citrulline-containing diet protected blood arginine concentrations. In the present report we extend these findings and note that the concentrations and fluxes of the non-arginine-related amino acids showed remarkable consistency across diet groups. However, total branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) concentrations of arterial blood were higher in rats fed the -Arg/+Ala and the -Arg/+Orn diets than in rats fed the control (+Arg) diet. The elevated BCAA correlated with higher circulating concentrations of other essential amino acids but were inversely correlated with arginine concentrations. PDV and hepatic fluxes of BCAA were not different across diet groups, indicating that amino acid absorption and hepatic utilization of BCAA were generally comparable across diet groups. Hepatic concentrations of 14 of 22 measured amino acids, including total BCAA, were correlated with their arterial concentrations. The circulating concentrations and net PDV and hepatic fluxes of rats feci the control diet were comparable to our previous observations in fed rats and illustrate the role of the liver in utilization of diet-derived essential amino acids. RP Hartman, WJ (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA ARS,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,721 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0939-4451 J9 AMINO ACIDS JI Amino Acids PY 1997 VL 12 IS 2 BP 119 EP 137 DI 10.1007/BF01386475 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA WT420 UT WOS:A1997WT42000002 ER PT B AU Varel, VH Nienaber, JA Byrnes, BH AF Varel, VH Nienaber, JA Byrnes, BH BE Voermans, JAM Monteny, GJ TI Urease inhibitors reduce ammonia emissions from cattle manure SO AMMONIA AND ODOUR EMISSIONS FROM ANIMAL PRODUCTION FACILITIES, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ammonia and Odour Emissions from Animal Production Facilities CY OCT 06-10, 1997 CL VINKELOORD, NETHERLANDS SP Nooyen Flooring, Netherlands, Intercontinental, Netherlands, Cehave, Netherlands, R&R Syst, Netherlands, Wolters, Netherlands, Res Inst Pig Husbandry PV, Netherlands, Inst Agr & Environm Engn, Netherlands, ENMO Environm Monitoring, Belgium, Elf Atochem, France, Res Inst Amsterdam, Netherlands, Dutch Soc Cement Ind, Netherlands, Township Maasdonk, Netherlands DE urea; urease inhibitors; ammonia; cattle manure; fertilizer AB Feedlot cattle normally retain less than 20% of their dietary nitrogen intake. Seventy-five percent of the nitrogen excreted is normally lost, primarily through volatilization of ammonia which is generated from urea. This loss of ammonia nitrogen pollutes the environment and creates an unfavorable ratio of nitrogen to phosphorous (N:P) for crop growth. Urease inhibitors, phenyl phosphorodiamidate (PPDA), cyclohexylphosphoric triamide (CHPT), and N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) were used to reduce the hydrolysis rate of urea from laboratory slurries of cattle manure and plots in a cattle feedlot. In untreated manure samples, all of the 5.3 g of urea/l of manure was hydrolyzed to ammonia within 1 day. However, when 10 mg of PPDA/l of manure was added, 100, 77, 60, 36 and 6% of the urea remained in the slurry after 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, respectively; and with 10 mg of NBPT/l of manure, 74, 30, 9, 0, and 0% of the urea remained in the slurry, respectively. Topical application of 20 mg of CHPT or NBPT/kg of manure in feedlot pens containing cattle generated 1.9 and 3.0 g of urea/kg of manure respectively, 4 days after treatment, as compared to none in untreated pens. If no further treatment was applied, all of the urea that accumulated in the CHPT and NBPT treated pens was hydrolyzed by day 11 and 14, respectively. It is concluded that urease inhibitors, with repeated treatments, may offer a strategy to control ammonia emissions, decrease environmental damage, and enhance the nitrogen content of livestock manure whereby a more balanced (N:P) fertilizer is generated. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Varel, VH (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU NEDERLANDSE VERENIGING TECHNIEK LANDBOUW PI ROSMALEN PA PO BOX 83, 5240 AB ROSMALEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-9011-059-3 PY 1997 BP 721 EP 728 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BK17P UT WOS:000071407600094 ER PT J AU Fisher, DH Bostom, AG AF Fisher, DH Bostom, AG TI Total N-acetylcysteine levels are elevated in the plasma of patients with chronic renal failure SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE N-acetylcysteine; plasma; hemodialysis; renal failure; atherosclerosis and hyperhomocysteinema ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; POST-COLUMN DERIVATIZATION; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; ALIPHATIC THIOLS; CYSTEINE AB Previously, we reported the effect of N-acetylcysteine administration on the concentration of total plasma homocysteine in patients with chronic renal failure. Total plasma NAC was determined before and after p.o. administration of NAC as a measure of patient compliance. However, we did not fully describe the method by which the total plasma N-acetylcysteine was measured, and we did not report the levels of total plasma N-acetylcysteine before or after administration of N-acelylcysteine. Total plasma N-acetylcysteine concentration was determined by reducing the sample with sodium borohydride, precipitating the proteins and quantifying N-acetylcysteine using HPLC with electrochemical detection. The mean concentration of total plasma N-acetylcysteine was 4.0 mu M +/- 2.1 mu M in patients with chronic renal failure, which is greater than the level found in healthy subjects. Following administration of 1.2 g of NAC p.o. the average concentration of total plasma N-acetylcysteine was found to be 14.5 mu M +/- 9.7 mu M. C1 TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,USDA,JEAN MAYER HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,BOSTON,MA 02111. TUFTS UNIV,NEW ENGLAND MED CTR,VITAMIN BIOAVAILABIL LAB,BOSTON,MA 02111. RP Fisher, DH (reprint author), UNIV KANSAS,HIGACHI BIOSCI CTR BIOANALYT RES,LAWRENCE,KS 66047, USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 1997 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1823 EP 1831 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA XP751 UT WOS:A1997XP75100004 ER PT J AU Carlson, EC Audette, JL Klevay, LM Nguyen, H Epstein, PN AF Carlson, EC Audette, JL Klevay, LM Nguyen, H Epstein, PN TI Ultrastructural and functional analyses of nephropathy in calmodulin-induced diabetic transgenic mice SO ANATOMICAL RECORD LA English DT Article DE diabetic nephropathy; glomerular basement membrane; mesangial matrix; anionic sites; diabetic transgenic mice ID GLOMERULAR-BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; ANIONIC SITES; MESANGIAL MATRIX; HEPARAN-SULFATE; INCREASED PERMEABILITY; LABORATORY-ANIMALS; COLLAGEN FIBRILS; RENAL CORTEX; BB-RAT; KIDNEY AB Background: Previous animal models of diabetic nephropathy have used diabetic animals for which the underlying defect was either uncertain or the diabetes was induced by potentially specific toxins. In this report, we describe the renal abnormalities in a transgenic mouse model that develops early-onset diabetes due to overexpression of calmodulin in pancreatic beta cells. Methods: Renal tissues were collected from normal and transgenic mice at 112, 182, and 300 days. These were prepared for light microscopic observation, stained with polyethylenimine (for anionic sites), or rendered acellular by detergent extraction prior to observation by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis of glomerular basement membrane thickness was carried out by the ''orthogonal intercept'' method. Twelve-hour urine samples of fed and fasting mice were collected for urine volume and glucose and protein analyses. Blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, serum insulin, and creatinine were determined in 60-90-day-old and 255-day-old mice by established methods. Results: Morphometric analyses revealed age-related and transgene-related increases in glomerular basement membrane thickness. A 22% increase in transgenic diabetics over controls was seen at 112 days of age that developed to increases of 43% and 37% at 182 and 300 days of age, respectively. Mesangial matrix area was also increased markedly in transgenic mice. Surprisingly, even in the oldest diabetic mice, there was no reduction in anionic sites. Moreover, despite an eightfold increase in urine volume, these mice did not become significantly proteinuric. Conclusions: These results indicate that proteinuria of diabetes may be delayed or prevented by maintenance of a normal complement of glomerular basement membrane anionic sites. They also demonstrate that transgenic mice can provide a valuble model for discriminating between different aspects of diabetic nephropathy. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV N DAKOTA,SCH MED,DEPT PHARMACOL & TOXICOL,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. USDA ARS,GRAND FORKS HUMAN NUTR RES CTR,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202. RP Carlson, EC (reprint author), UNIV N DAKOTA,SCH MED,DEPT ANAT & CELL BIOL,POB 9037,GRAND FORKS,ND 58202, USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK44519] NR 41 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0003-276X J9 ANAT REC JI Anat. Rec. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 247 IS 1 BP 9 EP 19 PG 11 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA WA166 UT WOS:A1997WA16600002 PM 8986297 ER PT B AU Allen, T AF Allen, T BE vanZutphen, LFM Balls, M TI On-line databases and the World-Wide Web: What is available? What is missing? SO ANIMAL ALTERNATIVES, WELFARE, AND ETHICS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN ANIMAL AND VETERINARY SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress on Alternatives and Animal Use in the Life Sciences CY OCT 20-24, 1996 CL UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS SP Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Alternat Anim Testing, European Cosmet Toiletry & Perfumery Assoc, European Commiss DGXI, European Commiss ECVAM, L Oreal, Procter & Gamble, Solvay Duphar, Wella AB There is no perfect set of databases to search, but experience at the Animal Welfare Information Center has shown that searching only one database is usually insufficient to fully address the availability of alternatives to the use of animals in a specific protocol. This discussion will review a number of commercially available databases (e.g. Medline, AGRICOLA, EmBase), highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each and examining them for types of information indexed (e.g. journal articles, technical notes, etc.), subject coverage, and indexing policies. It will also look at a multidatabase searching technique used to find alternatives information. A selected list of keywords is also provided. While these sources will provide the user with a wealth of information, they cannot provide information that is not made available by the scientific community. The publication of negative scientific results, use of alternatives terminology when abstracting journal articles or assigning keywords, and standardization of indexing terms for alternatives, are several areas that would greatly benefit the search for alternatives. RP Allen, T (reprint author), USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,NATL AGR LIB,ANIM WELF INFORMAT CTR,10301 BALTIMORE BLVD,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-82424-3 J9 DEV AN VET PY 1997 VL 27 BP 483 EP 490 PG 8 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BJ87M UT WOS:A1997BJ87M00063 ER PT J AU Stuber, CW AF Stuber, CW TI Marker-assisted selection in maize SO ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Allerton II Conference on Genetic Analysis of Economically Important Traits in Livestock CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL MONTICELLO, IL RP Stuber, CW (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,USDA ARS,DEPT GENET,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1049-5398 J9 ANIM BIOTECHNOL JI Anim. Biotechnol. PY 1997 VL 8 IS 1 BP 91 EP 97 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XA904 UT WOS:A1997XA90400012 ER PT J AU Wray, JE Keele, JW AF Wray, JE Keele, JW TI Database requirements for QTL mapping in livestock SO ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Allerton II Conference on Genetic Analysis of Economically Important Traits in Livestock CY NOV 06-09, 1996 CL MONTICELLO, IL AB Genetic mapping in livestock and the hunt for quantitative trait loci have been concentrated in several small to medium size laboratories. Information systems developed at these laboratories to support research range from full relational database management systems with World Wide Web interfaces to spreadsheets on standalone microcomputers. There has been little coordination of effort on database issues between laboratories. Sharing and combining data between laboratories is at best difficult and time consuming. Obstacles to effective data exchange go beyond networks and software and often result from differences in conceptual schema, nomenclature, and semantics. Data sharing capabilities may be improved by physically consolidating data or by integrating distributed data. This presentation describes and compares specific information system architectures felt to be viable alternatives for a cooperative strategy to improve data sharing capabilities. RP Wray, JE (reprint author), ARS,USDA,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1049-5398 J9 ANIM BIOTECHNOL JI Anim. Biotechnol. PY 1997 VL 8 IS 1 BP 123 EP 128 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XA904 UT WOS:A1997XA90400015 ER PT J AU Heaton, MP LopezCorrales, NL Smith, TPL Kappes, SM Beattie, CW AF Heaton, MP LopezCorrales, NL Smith, TPL Kappes, SM Beattie, CW TI Directed cosmid isolation of bovine markers for physical assignment by fish SO ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; GENOME; CATTLE; MICROSATELLITES; STANDARDIZATION; NOMENCLATURE; CLONES; SHEEP; PIG AB A directed PCR-based iterative screening protocol was developed to isolate cosmids containing microsatellite markers linked to chromosomal regions of interest, such as those near the ends of linkage groups or quantitative trait loci. This method was optimized for large-scale screening of total genomic libraries and used to purify bovine cosmids that anchor the ends of the bovine linkage group 28 (BTA28). Cosmids containing ms markers RBP3 and BMS2060 were purified for fluorescence in situ hybridization and assigned to 28q18-q19 and 28q12, respectively. These assignments indicated that approximately 73% of BTA28 (90% excluding the centromere) is covered by the current linkage map. Since this method is applicable to any target gene sequence suitable for PCR amplification, it may be extended to comparative mapping of genes. RP Heaton, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS,ROMAN L HRUSKA US MEAT ANIM RES CTR,POB 166,CLAY CTR,NE 68933, USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1049-5398 J9 ANIM BIOTECHNOL JI Anim. Biotechnol. PY 1997 VL 8 IS 2 BP 167 EP 177 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA YF118 UT WOS:A1997YF11800002 ER PT S AU Rango, A AF Rango, A BE Walsh, JE TI The response of areal snow cover to climate change in a snowmelt-runoff model SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, VOL 25, 1997: PAPERS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON REPRESENTATION OF THE CRYOSPHERE IN CLIMATE AND HYDROLOGICAL MODELS HELD AT VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA, 12-15 AUGUST 1996 SE ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Representation of the Cryosphere in Climate and Hydrological Models CY AUG 12-15, 1996 CL VICTORIA, CANADA SP Int Glaciol Soc, Atmospher Environm Serv, Canada, Inst Earth Sci, Canada, Univ Victoria, Ctr Earth & Ocean Res, Canadian Meteorol & Oceang Soc AB The cryosphere is represented in some hydrological models by the areal extent of snow cover, a variable that has been operationally available in recent years through remote sensing. In particular, the snowmelt-runoff model !(SRM) requires the remotely sensed snow-cover extent as a major input variable. The SRM, is well-suited for simulating the hydrological response of a basin to hypothetical climate change because it is a non-calibrated model. In order to run the SRM in a climate-change mode, the response of the areal snow cover to a change in climate is critical, and must be calculated as a function of elevation, precipitation, temperature, and snow-water equivalent. For the snowmelt-runoff season, the effect of climate change on conditions in the winter months has a major influence. In a warmer climate, winter may experience more rain vs snow events, and more periods of winter snowmelt that reduce the snow water equivalent present in the basin at the beginning of spring snowmelt. As a result, the spring snowmelt runoff under conditions of climate warming will be affected not only by different temperatures and precipitation, but also by a different snow cover with a changed depletion rate. A new radiation-based version of the SRM is under development that will also take chang;es in cloudiness and humidity into account, making climate-change studies of the cryosphere even more physically based. C1 USDA, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20901 USA. RP Rango, A (reprint author), USDA, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20901 USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT GLACIOLOGICAL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 BN 0-946417-20-2 J9 ANN GLACIOL PY 1997 VL 25 BP 232 EP 236 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BK58K UT WOS:000072623800041 ER PT J AU Aldrich, JR Schaefer, PW Oliver, JE Puapoomchareon, P Lee, CJ VanderMeer, RK AF Aldrich, JR Schaefer, PW Oliver, JE Puapoomchareon, P Lee, CJ VanderMeer, RK TI Biochemistry of the exocrine secretion from gypsy moth caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Lymantria; Leucoma salicis; tussock moths; gamma-aminobutyric acid; defense; allergy ID SATURNIIDAE; PREDATION; GLANDS; LARVAE; ODOR AB Gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), caterpillars have unpaired dorsal abdominal glands on the 6th and the 7th segments, and pairs of smaller glands on the Ist to 4th abdominal segments. Normally, material from these glands becomes sticky and is regularly dispersed onto setae by the caterpillars, but if larvae are held at saturated humidity for 3-4 d, droplets accumulate on the glands and remain fluid. The secretion is an aqueous mixture of low molecular weight molecules including the biogenic amine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, short-chain hydroxy acids (e.g., alpha-hydroxyisobutyric acid), and Krebs cycle acids (e.g., isocitric acid), plus higher molecular weight compounds (equal to or greater than 30,000 MW). 2-Isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine, considered to be a warning odor in many aposematic insects, also occurs in the secretion in minute amounts (equal to or less than 1 picogram per larva), yet is mainly responsible for the exudate odor which is detectable from individual caterpillars. Natural secretion from L. dispar larvae was a feeding deterrent to foraging fire ants, Solenopsis geminata (F.), in a laboratory bioassay. All Lymantriidae have dorsal abdominal glands; therefore, it is likely that secretion from these glands contributes to the irritating and allergenic properties associated with setae from tussock moth caterpillars. RP Aldrich, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS,INSECT CHEM ECOL LAB,AGR RES CTR W,BLDG 007,ROOM 301,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 90 IS 1 BP 75 EP 82 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WE434 UT WOS:A1997WE43400008 ER PT J AU Goodman, CL Greenstone, MH Stuart, MK AF Goodman, CL Greenstone, MH Stuart, MK TI Monoclonal antibodies to vitellins of bollworm and tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Biochemical and ecological implications SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Helicoverpa zea; Heliothis virescens; vitellin; vitellogenin; monoclonal antibody; western blots ID PREDATOR GUT ANALYSIS; MANDUCA-SEXTA; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; BOMBYX-MORI; GYPSY-MOTH; VITELLOGENIN SYNTHESIS; JUVENILE-HORMONE; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; YOLK PROTEINS; HELIOTHIS-ZEA AB We partially characterized the antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies raised against eggs of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and purified vitellin of Heliothis virescens (F.). Through western blot analysis following pore-limiting electrophoresis, both antibodies were shown to recognize vitellin specifically. Western blots generated following SDS-PAGE indicated that the determinant for the antibody produced to H. virescens vitellin (HVE-1) was found exclusively on the large molecular weight apoprotein of vitellin, apoVn-I. The determinant for the antibody produced to H. tea eggs (HZE-1) was not detected by western blot analysis following SDS-PAGE, indicating that its determinant was disrupted by protein denaturation. Electrophoretic analyses also indicated that the apparent molecular weights of native heliothine vitellins ranged from 472,000 to 522,000 and those of their apoproteins ranged from 164,000 to 169,000 (apoVn-I) and from 45,000 to 47,000 (apoVn-II). The species-and stage-specificities of the antibodies also was determined. The HZE-1 antibody was found to be specific for vitellin of H. zea and 2 Old World relatives, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren), but did not recognize vitellins of H virescens, Heliothis subflexa (Grote), or 3 genera of nonheliothine noctuids. The HVE-1 antibody recognized vitellins of all Helicoverpa-Heliothis species tested, but not those of the nonheliothine noctuids. Neither antibody cross-reacted with native proteins from homogenates or hemolymph of H. zea or H. virescens larvae or pupae. Western blots of adult hemolymph indicated that the antibodies also recognized vitellogenin, vitellin's precursor. RP Goodman, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, BIOL CONTROL INSECTS RES LAB, COLUMBIA, MO 65203 USA. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 90 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WE434 UT WOS:A1997WE43400009 ER PT J AU Conti, E Jones, WA Bin, F Vinson, B AF Conti, E Jones, WA Bin, F Vinson, B TI Oviposition behavior of Anaphes iole, an egg parasitoid of Lygus hesperus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae; Heteroptera: Miridae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Lygus hesperus; Anaphes iole; egg parasitoid oviposition behavior; host selection; host discrimination ID OVIJENTATUS HYMENOPTERA; HEMIPTERA; HOST; HOMOPTERA; LONGEVITY; BIOLOGY AB Host searching and handling behavior of the egg parasitoid Anaphes iole Girault toward Lygus hesperus Knight eggs was observed in the laboratory on fresh green beans. The host eggs are embedded in plant tissues with only the egg cap exposed above the substrate. Three ethograms were developed to describe the behavior of female parasitoids toward healthy eggs, parasitized (marked) eggs, and host oviposition wounds not containing eggs. Females intensely antennated and probed 95% of healthy eggs and 42% of wounds. When oviposition occurred, females marked the host eggs externally and, if reencountered, briefly antennated and then rejected all marked eggs, thus preventing superparasitism. The time spent by parasitoids in each behavioral step when encountering healthy eggs, marked eggs, or wounds was compared. Behavior of naive (Ist egg encountered) versus experienced females (later eggs encountered) was also analyzed. Experienced females accepted and handled host eggs more rapidly compared with naive females. C1 USDA ARS,SUBTROP AGR RES LAB,BIOL CONTROL PESTS RES UNIT,WESLACO,TX 78596. RI Conti, Eric/G-6400-2014 NR 32 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 90 IS 1 BP 91 EP 101 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WE434 UT WOS:A1997WE43400010 ER PT J AU Hughes, KJ Narang, SK Leopold, RA Johnson, OA DeVault, JD AF Hughes, KJ Narang, SK Leopold, RA Johnson, OA DeVault, JD TI Electroporation as an alternative to microinjection of plasmid DNA into bollworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) embryos SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE electroporation; sterile insect technology; gene transfer; microinjection ID BOMBYX-MORI; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; TRANSIENT EXPRESSION; DROSOPHILA; SILKWORM AB Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) is an economically important pest of tomato, cotton, We describe the successful electroporation of 2 beta-glucuronidase reporter gene constructs (pKrG and pBacPAK8-GUS) into H. tea embryos. Fifty percent of the electroporated embryos hatched and of these 75% survived to adulthood. More importantly, we showed that plasmid DNA was delivered to the nucleus of transfected cells. The development of a gene delivery mechanism for H. zea will allow the powerful techniques of molecular genetics to be used in the study of this organism. Hopefully this will result in the development of novel molecular biology based control regimens for this agriculturally important pest. RP Hughes, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,POB 5674,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 90 IS 1 BP 107 EP 113 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WE434 UT WOS:A1997WE43400012 ER PT J AU Landolt, PJ Phillips, TW AF Landolt, PJ Phillips, TW TI Host plant influences on sex pheromone behavior of phytophagous insects SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE pheromone; kairomone; host finding; mating; behavior ID MOTH UTETHEISA-ORNATRIX; PALMARUM L COLEOPTERA; GREEN LEAF VOLATILES; CABBAGE-LOOPER MOTHS; AGGREGATION PHEROMONE; BARK BEETLES; CARPOPHILUS-HEMIPTERUS; IPS-PARACONFUSUS; FRUIT-FLIES; PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS AB The sexual behavior of phytophagous insects is often integrated in a variety of ways with their host plants. This integration may be manifested as effects or influences of host plants on insect physiology and behavior, including sex pheromone communication, that reflect strategies by insects to optimize mating and reproduction. Certain insects sequester or otherwise acquire host plant compounds and use them as sex pheromones or sex pheromone precursors. Other insects produce or release sex pheromones in response to particular host plant cues. Chemicals from host plants often synergize or otherwise enhance insect responses to sex pheromones. By these means, host plants may be used by insects to regulate or mediate sexual communication. For many species of insects, host plant influences on insect sex pheromone communication may be important aspects of the formation of feeding and mating aggregations, of insect strategies to locate both hosts and mates, of behavioral reproductive isolation among sibling species, and of the regulation of reproduction to coincide with the availability of food and oviposition sites. Knowledge of these relationships is critical to understanding many different areas of the behavioral ecology of plant-feeding insects. C1 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIV,DEPT ENTOMOL,STILLWATER,OK 74078. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS,YAKIMA AGR RES LAB,WAPATO,WA 98951, USA. NR 108 TC 250 Z9 278 U1 3 U2 92 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4170 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 1997 VL 42 BP 371 EP 391 DI 10.1146/annurev.ento.42.1.371 PG 21 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA WD495 UT WOS:A1997WD49500016 PM 15012318 ER PT J AU Finkelman, FD SheaDonohue, T Goldhill, J Sullivan, CA Morris, SC Madden, KB Gause, WC Urban, JF AF Finkelman, FD SheaDonohue, T Goldhill, J Sullivan, CA Morris, SC Madden, KB Gause, WC Urban, JF TI Cytokine regulation of host defense against parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes: Lessons from studies with rodent models SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Heligmosomoides polygyrus; interleukin-4; Nippostrongylus brasiliensis; Trichinella spiralis; Trichuris muris ID STIMULATORY FACTOR-I; TRICHINELLA-SPIRALIS INFECTION; MUCOSAL MAST-CELLS; HELPER T-CELL; AUTOCRINE GROWTH-FACTOR; NIPPOSTRONGYLUS-BRASILIENSIS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; HELIGMOSOMOIDES-POLYGYRUS; NEMATOSPIROIDES-DUBIUS; C-KIT AB Studies with rodents infected with Trichinella spiralis, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, and Trichuris muris have provided considerable information about immune mechanisms that protect against parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes. Four generalizations can be made: 1. CD4(+) T cells are critical for host protection; 2. IL-12 and IFN-gamma inhibit protective immunity; 3. IL-4 can: (a) be required for host protection, (b) limit severity of infection, or (c) induce redundant protective mechanisms; and 4. Some cytokines that are stereotypically produced in response to gastrointestinal nematode infections fail to enhance host protection against some of the parasites that elicit their production. Host protection is redundant at two levels: 1. IL-4 has multiple effects on the immune system and on gut physiology (discussed in this review), more than one of which may protect against a particular parasite; and 2. IL-4 is often only one of multiple stimuli that can induce protection. Hosts may have evolved the ability to recognize features that characterize parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes as a class as triggers for a stereotypic cytokine response, but not the ability to distinguish features of individual parasites as stimuli for more specific protective cytokine responses. As a result, hosts deploy a set of defense mechanisms against these parasites that together control infection by most members of that class, even though a specific defense mechanism may not be required to defend against a particular parasite and may even damage a host infected with that parasite. C1 VET ADM MED CTR,CINCINNATI,OH 45220. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MED,DIV GASTROENTEROL,BETHESDA,MD 20814. SYNTHELABO RECH,F-92504 RUEIL MALMAISON,FRANCE. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT PEDIAT,BETHESDA,MD 20814. UNIFORMED SERV UNIV HLTH SCI,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,BETHESDA,MD 20814. USDA,ARS,LPSI,BARC E,IMMUNOL & DIS RESISTANCE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. RP Finkelman, FD (reprint author), UNIV CINCINNATI,COLL MED,DIV IMMUNOL,DEPT MED,POB 670563,231 BETHESDA AVE,CINCINNATI,OH 45267, USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01AI35987, R01AI37180, R01AI31678] NR 149 TC 501 Z9 516 U1 3 U2 17 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0732-0582 J9 ANNU REV IMMUNOL JI Annu. Rev. Immunol. PY 1997 VL 15 BP 505 EP 533 DI 10.1146/annurev.immunol.15.1.505 PG 29 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA WT669 UT WOS:A1997WT66900020 PM 9143698 ER PT J AU Rush, D AF Rush, D TI Nutrition screening in old people: Its place in a coherent practice of preventive health care SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE prevention; screening; aging; intervention; evaluation ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; HUMAN-BODY COMPOSITION; SERVICES-TASK-FORCE; RISK-FACTORS; GENERAL-PRACTICE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; CERVICAL-CANCER; AMERICANS AB The central demographic reality of our times is the rapid aging of our society. Preventive nutritional and preventive health care of older people, therefore, are pressing issues that must be contended with. Several strategies for this are possible, including the broadcasting of general nutritional and health messages to the population, the inclusion of preventive nutrition and health as part of routine primary care, and nutrition screening: a process of self-identification by the older population in which they judge for themselves whether they are at nutritional risk and, if so, seek the care of professionals. This review focuses on some of the necessities for screening: sensitive, specific, and inexpensively applied screening devices; and explicit interventions that do not have major public hearth benefit for those who screen negative. Unfortunately, there is little evidence that screening is beneficial, nor have the benefits of this strategy been compared with its alternatives. Thus, the ethical imperative of screening has not been met: that because the activity is being promoted (it is not initiated by the public), its benefit must be conclusive. RP Rush, D (reprint author), TUFTS UNIV,USDA,HUMAN NUTR RES CTR AGING,711 WASHINGTON ST,BOSTON,MA 02111, USA. NR 125 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0199-9885 J9 ANNU REV NUTR JI Annu. Rev. Nutr. PY 1997 VL 17 BP 101 EP 125 DI 10.1146/annurev.nutr.17.1.101 PG 25 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA XM786 UT WOS:A1997XM78600007 PM 9240921 ER PT J AU Dwinell, LD AF Dwinell, LD TI The pinewood nematode: Regulation and mitigation SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Bursaphelenchus; eradication; exotic pests; temperature; transmission ID WOOD NEMATODE; BURSAPHELENCHUS-XYLOPHILUS; TRANSMISSION; TREES AB In North America, the native pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, kills exotic pines. When inadvertently introduced to Japan and other Asian countries, PWN became a destructive pest of pines. The PWN has been intercepted in pine shipments from North America to Europe, where there is concern that it may also kill pines and other conifers. To protect their forests from the PWN and other pests, the European Union and other countries now regulate the import of all coniferous chips, sawn wood, and logs. Several species of Bursaphelenchus have a phoretic relationship with Monochamus spp., which carry them to recently felled logs and dead or dying conifers, particularly pines. As a result, species of Monochamus, Bursaphelenchus, or both may be found in chips, unseasoned lumber, and logs. During the past decade, procedures to disinfest transported unprocessed wood have been investigated. These mitigation measures include prevention, host selection, and treatment by fumigation, irradiation, chemical dips, and elevated temperatures. RP Dwinell, LD (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,SO RES STN,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 74 TC 61 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 16 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS INC PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 1997 VL 35 BP 153 EP 166 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.35.1.153 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA XV738 UT WOS:A1997XV73800009 PM 15012519 ER PT S AU Friedman, M AF Friedman, M BE Shahidi, F TI Potato polyphenols: Role in the plant and in the diet SO ANTINUTRIENTS AND PHYTOCHEMICALS IN FOOD SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Antinutrients and Phytochemicals in Foods, at the 210th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 20-25, 1995 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID CHLOROGENIC ACID CONTENT; SULFUR AMINO-ACIDS; MORNING-GLORY IPOMOEA; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; SOFT ROT; BLACKSPOT SUSCEPTIBILITY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; SHIKIMATE PATHWAY AB Potatoes and other plant foods accumulate a variety of secondary plant metabolites including phenolic compounds, phytoalexins, protease inhibitors, and glycoalkaloids, as a protection against adverse effects of bruising and injury by phytopathogens including bacteria, beetles, fungi, insects, and slugs. Since these phytochemicals are consumed by animals and humans as part of their normal diet, a need exists to develop a better understanding of the role of these compounds in both the plant and in the diet. To contribute to this effort, this integrated overview describes the biosynthesis and the role of phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid and tyrosine in host-plant resistance and their beneficial effects as antioxidants, antimutagens, anticarcinogens, and as antiglycemic agents. Also covered are analytical and compositional aspects of phenolic compounds in potatoes; ferrous ion- and heat-induced discolorations such as after-cooking blackening which seems to affect organoleptic but apparently not nutritional properties of potatoes; polyphenol oxidase-catalyzed browning reactions and their prevention; effects of baking, cooking, microwaving, light, and gamma-radiation on the stability of chlorogenic acid; and recommendations for future research. The possibility that the net antioxidative potency of structurally different potato polyphenolic compounds is related to their net electrochemical oxidation-reduction (redox) potential merits validation. Understanding the multiple, overlapping roles of polyphenols in plant physiology and in food science and nutrition should stimulate interest in maximizing beneficial nutritional and health effects of polyphenols in the diet. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), USDA, ARS, WESTERN REG RES CTR, 800 BUCHANAN ST, ALBANY, CA 94710 USA. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 141 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3498-1 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1997 VL 662 BP 61 EP 93 DI 10.1021/bk-1997-0662.ch005 PG 33 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BH79S UT WOS:A1997BH79S00005 ER PT J AU Loper, JE Henkels, MD AF Loper, JE Henkels, MD TI Availability of iron to Pseudomonas fluorescens in rhizosphere and bulk soil evaluated with an ice nucleation reporter gene SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYRINGAE-PV-PHASEOLICOLA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; PLANT-SURFACES; SIDEROPHORES; PATHOGENICITY; TRANSPORT; BACTERIA; PUTIDA; ACID AB The biological availability of iron in the rhizosphere was assessed by evaluating ice nucleation activity (INA) expressed in situ by Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 containing a transcriptional fusion (pvd-inaZ) of an iron-regulated promoter to an ice nucleation reporter gene (inaZ), Pf-5 containing pvd-inaZ expresses INA that is inversely related to the iron availability of a growth medium (J. E. Loper and S. E. Lindow, Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 60:1934-1941, 1994), INA expressed by rhizosphere populations of Pf-5 containing pvd-inaZ was at a maximum within 12 to 24 h following inoculation of the bacterium onto bean roots and typically decreased gradually during the following 4 days, Iron availability in the soil, which was altered by the addition of chelators, influenced INA expressed by rhizosphere populations of Pf-5 containing pvd-inaZ, In soil adjusted to a pH of 7.0 or 8.0 by adding Ca(OH)(2), rhizosphere populations of Pf-5 containing pvd-inaZ expressed greater INA, indicating lower iron availability, than they did in the nonamended soil at a pH of 5.4, Similarly, rhizosphere populations of Pf-5 containing pvd-inaZ expressed less INA in an agricultural soil of pH 5.4 than in other agricultural soils ranging in pH from 6.4 to 7.7, These results conform to the predictions of chemical models stating that pH is a major factor influencing iron availability in soil solutions, The results of this study indicate that P. fluorescens Pf-5 encountered an iron-limited environment immediately after it was inoculated onto bean roots planted in agricultural field soils. One to two days after the bacterium was inoculated onto root surfaces, however, iron became more available to rhizosphere populations of Pf-5, We speculate that iron acquisition systems of plants and other rhizosphere organisms may provide available sources of iron to established rhizosphere populations of P. fluorescens. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT BOT & PLANT PATHOL,CORVALLIS,OR 97330. RP Loper, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS,HORT CROPS RES LAB,3420 NW ORCHARD AVE,CORVALLIS,OR 97330, USA. NR 39 TC 86 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 63 IS 1 BP 99 EP 105 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA WA168 UT WOS:A1997WA16800016 PM 8979343 ER PT J AU Herlache, TC Hotchkiss, AT Burr, TJ Collmer, A AF Herlache, TC Hotchkiss, AT Burr, TJ Collmer, A TI Characterization of the Agrobacterium vitis pehA gene and comparison of the encoded polygalacturonase with the homologous enzymes from Erwinia carotovora and Ralstonia solanacearum SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMEFACIENS BIOVAR-3; PSEUDOMONAS-SOLANACEARUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHRYSANTHEMI EC16; PECTATE LYASE; EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PECTIC ENZYMES; PRODUCT; EXPORT AB DNA sequencing of the Agrobacterium vitis pehA gene revealed a predicted protein with an M(r) of 58,000 and significant similarity to the polygalacturonases of two other plant pathogens, Erwinia carotovora and Ralstonia (= Pseudomonas or Burkholderia) solanacearum. Sequencing of the N terminus of the PehA protein demonstrated cleavage of a 34-amino-acid signal peptide from pre-PehA. Mature PehA accumulated primarily in the periplasm of A. vitis and pehA(+) Escherichia call cells during exponential growth. A. vitis PehA released dimers, trimers, and monomers from polygalacturonic acid and caused less electrolyte leakage from potato tuber tissue than did the E. carotovora and R. solanacearum polygalacturonases. C1 CORNELL UNIV,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,ITHACA,NY 14853. USDA ARS,EASTERN REG RES CTR,WYNDMOOR,PA 19038. NEW YORK STATE AGR EXPTL STN,DEPT PLANT PATHOL,GENEVA,NY 14456. NR 49 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 63 IS 1 BP 338 EP 346 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA WA168 UT WOS:A1997WA16800056 PM 8979363 ER PT J AU Ganskopp, D Cruz, R Fajemisin, B AF Ganskopp, D Cruz, R Fajemisin, B TI Relationships among variables indexing selective grazing behavior of goats SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE goat; ingestive behavior; grazing ID CATTLE; DIETS; TIME; RANGES; SHEEP AB Portable computers presently allow documentation of real-time grazing behavior under field conditions, Researchers are still challenged, however, with the task of selecting proper and easily recorded variables to test their hypotheses, The objective of this research was to examine relationships among variables describing grazing behavior and forage utilization by goats to identify the most easily monitored activity capable of accurately ranking their relative preferences among forages. Relationships were investigated in grassy paddocks and on native shrub/steppe rangeland. Variables recorded for each forage included: total visits, total bites, bites per visit, total grazing time, time per visit, and bite rate in both environments, and number of plants grazed, number of plants regrazed, number of regrazing events, percent utilization, grazed plant utilization, and number of plants utilized in the grassy paddocks. In grassy paddocks, with eight different forages available, total visits, total bites, total time, number of plants grazed, number of plants regrazed, and number of regrazing events were highly correlated (r greater than or equal to 0.94 and P < 0.01) during both the boot and dormant stages of phonology, Rank correlation coefficients (r(s)) among forages with these variables averaged 0.96. Any of these six variables would probably give satisfactory ranking of relative preferences if the animal in question was confined to or elected to forage from a single life form (grass, forb, shrub, or tree), Utilization data were significantly (P < 0.01) but poorly correlated (mean r = 0.74) with total bites, total visits and total time. Correlations among grazing behavior variables were all statistically significant (P < 0.01) but much weaker in shrub/steppe vegetation where a variety of life forms were available (mean r = 0.45), Only total time versus total bites and bites per visit versus time per visit exhibited correlations of 0.94 or greater (P < 0.01), The poorer correlations obtained on rangelands were attributed to a wide array of foraging techniques used by the goats to graze the various grasses, forbs, shrubs, and trees. Total time was the only variable consistently correlated with total bites in both the grassy paddock and shrub/steppe pastures (mean r = 0.94). Monitoring of grazing time devoted to each forage could be more easily accomplished than the more attention demanding process of tallying individual bites. We suggest that adequate rankings of relative forage preference of goats could be obtained by a single observer recording grazing time expended on each forage. C1 OREGON STATE UNIV,DEPT RANGELAND RESOURCES,CORVALLIS,OR 97731. AHMADU BELLO UNIV,NATL ANIM PROD RES INST,ZARIA,NIGERIA. RP Ganskopp, D (reprint author), USDA ARS,HC 71451 HWY 205,BURNS,OR 97720, USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 51 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 85 DI 10.1016/S0168-1591(96)01086-6 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA WA219 UT WOS:A1997WA21900008 ER PT J AU Hespell, RB OBryan, PJ Moniruzzaman, M Bothast, RJ AF Hespell, RB OBryan, PJ Moniruzzaman, M Bothast, RJ TI Hydrolysis by commercial enzyme mixtures of AFEX-treated corn fiber and isolated xylans' SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE xylans; xylanases; corn fiber; biomass; hydrolysis; biofuels ethanol; AFEX-treatment ID ALPHA-L-ARABINOFURANOSIDASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI-B; BUTYRIVIBRIO-FIBRISOLVENS; PURIFICATION; DEGRADATION; BACTERIA; ETHANOL AB Corn fiber is a coproduct produced during the corn wet-milling process and is similar to other high hemicellulose/cellulose-containing biomass such as grasses, straws, or bagasse, all of which represent potential fermentation feedstock for conversion into biofuels or other products. Corn fiber was subjected to ammonia-explosion (AFEX) treatment to increase degradability and then enzymatically digested with a combined mixture of commercial amylase, xylanase, and cellulase enzyme preparations. Whereas the starch and cellulose components were converted solely to glucose, oligosaccharides represented 30-40% of the xylan degradation products. This enzyme mixture also produced substantial oligosaccharides with xylans purified from corn fiber, corn germ, beechwood, oatspelt, or wheat germ. Commercial xylan-degrading enzyme preparations containing xylanase, xylosidase, and arabinosidase activities were then used alone or in varying combinations to attempt to maximize degradation of these isolated xylans of differing chemical compositions. The results showed that oatspelt and beechwood xylans were degraded most extensively (40-60%) with substantial amounts of xylose, xylobiose, and xylotriose as products depending on the enzyme combination used. Corn fiber and wheat germ xylans, which contain large amounts of arabinose and uronic acid sidechains, were poorly degraded and only small amounts of arabinose and xylose and large amounts of pentamer or longer oligosaccharides were produced by enzymatic degradation. The data suggest that whereas enzymatic digestion of biomass hemicellulose does not produce toxic products, the process is not effective in producing a suitable fermentable substrate stream because of the low levels of monosaccharides and high levels of oligosaccharides produced. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT CHEM ENGN,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP Hespell, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,FERMENTAT BIOCHEM RES UNIT,1815 N UNIV ST,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 25 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 13 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 62 IS 1 BP 87 EP 97 DI 10.1007/BF02787986 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA WR627 UT WOS:A1997WR62700008 ER PT J AU Leathers, TD Gupta, SC AF Leathers, TD Gupta, SC TI Xylitol and riboflavin accumulation in xylose-grown cultures of Pichia guilliermondii SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PACHYSOLEN-TANNOPHILUS; ALDOSE REDUCTASE; FERMENTATION; PURIFICATION; YEASTS; DEHYDROGENASE AB Seven strains of Pichia guilliermondii (Candida guilliermondii, asexual state) from diverse isolation sources were examined for the production of xylitol and riboflavin in xylose-grown cultures. Under the conditions tested, all strains produced xylitol from xylose; conversion efficiencies varied, on a strain-specific basis, from 7% to 36% of the initial substrate. Four of seven strains metabolized xylitol immediately as xylose levels became depleted. The remaining three strains metabolized xylitol slowly and incompletely. Surprisingly, utilization of xylitol showed an apparent relationship with riboflavin production. Strains that readily metabolized xylitol produced at least threefold greater levels of riboflavin than did strains that used xylitol slowly. Moreover, riboflavin accumulation took place during xylitol consumption. P. guilliermondii strains that produced the highest levels of riboflavin on xylose produced significantly less riboflavin when grown on glucose or directly on xylitol. RP Leathers, TD (reprint author), USDA,AGR RES SERV,NATL CTR AGR UTILIZAT RES,BIOPOLYMER RES UNIT,PEORIA,IL 61604, USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 47 IS 1 BP 58 EP 61 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA WF464 UT WOS:A1997WF46400009 ER PT J AU Walker, ML McLaughlin, WL Puhl, JM Gomes, P AF Walker, ML McLaughlin, WL Puhl, JM Gomes, P TI Radiation-field mapping of insect irradiation canisters SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article AB Dosimetry methods developed at NIST for mapping ionizing radiation fields were applied to canisters used in Cs-137 dry-source irradiators designed for insect sterilization. The method of mapping the radiation fields inside of these canisters as they cycled through the gamma-ray irradiators involved the use of radiochromic films, which increase in optical density proportionately to the absorbed dose. A dosimeter film array in a cardboard phantom was designed to simulate the average insect pupae density and to map the dose within the full volume of the canister; the calibrated films were read using a laser scanning densitometer. Previously used dosimetric methods did not allow for the spatial resolution that is possible with these films. Results indicate that this dose-mapping technique is a powerful method of evaluating a variety of radiation fields of commercial radiation sources, with promising applications as a means of dose validation and quality control. Copyright (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd C1 USDA,ANIM & PLANT HLTH INSPECT SERV,RIVERDALE,MD 20737. RP Walker, ML (reprint author), NIST,PHYS LAB,IONIZING RADIAT DIV,DEPT COMMERCE,GAITHERSBURG,MD 20899, USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 48 IS 1 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1016/S0969-8043(96)00051-6 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA WD773 UT WOS:A1997WD77300019 ER PT J AU Buyer, JS Kaufman, DD AF Buyer, JS Kaufman, DD TI Microbial diversity in the rhizosphere of corn grown under conventional and low-input systems SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rhizosphere; bacteria; fungi; biodiversity ID MANAGED SOILS; MICROORGANISMS; POPULATIONS; QUALITY; BIOMASS AB Microbial processes within the rhizosphere of crop plants are crucial to agriculture. The relation of soil microbial community diversity to cropping system, yield, and soil quality are unclear at present. The Farming Systems Trial at the Rodale Institute Research Center, Kutztown, PA, is a 15-year study in which a conventional corn-soybean rotation has been compared with low-input systems (i.e. animal manure or legumes as nitrogen sources). The effects of the cropping systems on diversity of fast-growing, aerobic, culturable bacteria and fungi were conducted in 1994 by taking 84 cores in between corn plants in June, July, and August. Rhizosphere bacteria and fungi were extracted, plated, and counted. Approximately 6000 bacteria were identified by fatty acid methyl ester analysis, while 18000 fungi were identified by microscopic examination of spores. Microbial diversity and evenness were calculated using several different methods. Total counts, diversity, and evenness were not significantly different for the three cropping systems. These results suggest that conventional agricultural practices may maintain high indices of microbial diversity in the rhizosphere. The functional significance of this needs to be investigated. RP ARS, USDA, SMSL, BLDG 318 BARC E, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. OI Buyer, Jeffrey/0000-0003-2098-0547 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 EI 1873-0272 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 5 IS 1 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1016/S0929-1393(96)00127-8 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA WB604 UT WOS:A1997WB60400002 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AD Scholz, A AF Mitchell, AD Scholz, A TI Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) analysis of growth and composition of pigs of different ryanodine receptor genotypes SO ARCHIV FUR TIERZUCHT-ARCHIVES OF ANIMAL BREEDING LA English DT Article DE pigs; ryanodine receptor genotypes; body composition; dual energy x-ray absorptiometry; DXA ID SOFT-TISSUE COMPOSITION; MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA; BODY-COMPOSITION; STRESS SUSCEPTIBILITY; CARCASS COMPOSITION; MUTATION AB Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to evaluate live body composition of homozygous stress nonsensitive (NN, 27 pigs), heterozygous (Nn, 28 pigs) and homozygous stress sensitive pigs (nn, 18 pigs). The pigs were anesthetized and scanned by DXA at 10, 30, 60 and 90 kg live body weight. From each weight group, pigs were slaughtered (10 kg, 22 pigs; 30 kg, 19 pigs; 60 kg, 15 pigs; and 90 kg, 17 pigs) and carcass composition determined by chemical analysis. DXA and carcass analysis results were compared for all pigs. DXA instrument readings for percent fat were lower than results obtained by carcass analysis, however predicted values based on DXA results were quite close to carcass values (16.16% +/- 0.59 versus 16.39% +/- 0.63, respectively). The DXA predicted value for percentage of protein was slightly less than obtained by carcass analysis (18.9% +/- 0.15 versus 19.7% +/- 0.23, respectively). DXA predicted percentage of water was significantly (P<0.05) more than the percentage determined by carcass analysis (65.0% +/- 0.7 versus 63.2% +/- 0.6, respectively). The DXA measurement of total body bone mineral content was less than the amount estimated from total carcass ash (2.38% +/- 0.03 versus 2.58% +/- 0.06, respectively). DXA measurements of percentage of fat and lean revealed no differences among genotypes for the 10 kg pigs. At 30, 60 and 90 kg, NN pigs were observed to have more fat and less lean (P<0.05) than the nn pigs while the Nn pigs were intermediate with respect to both fat and lean percentages. DXA measurements of bone mineral content revaled no differences among genotypes for any weight group. Calculations of fat and lean growth, based on DXA measurements for the period of growth from 30 to 90 kg live weight, revealed that differences in body composition were the result of differences in fat accretion (more in the NN pigs followed by the Nn and mt pigs), but not accompanied by differences in lean growth. RP Mitchell, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS,GROWTH BIOL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705, USA. OI Scholz, Armin Manfred/0000-0001-7075-0067 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ARCHIV FUR TIERZUCHT PI DUMMERSTORF PA WILHELM-STAHL-ALLEE 2, D-18196 DUMMERSTORF, GERMANY SN 0003-9438 J9 ARCH TIERZUCHT JI Arch. Tierz.-Arch. Anim. Breed. PY 1997 VL 40 IS 1 BP 47 EP 56 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WJ948 UT WOS:A1997WJ94800005 ER PT J AU Goetsch, AL Patil, AR Galloway, DL Wang, ZS Kouakou, B Park, KK Rossi, JE AF Goetsch, AL Patil, AR Galloway, DL Wang, ZS Kouakou, B Park, KK Rossi, JE TI Oxygen consumption by splanchnic tissues in wethers consuming ad libitum different proportions of bermudagrass and rye grass-wheat SO ARCHIVES OF ANIMAL NUTRITION-ARCHIV FUR TIERERNAHRUNG LA English DT Article DE sheep; grass; feed intake; digestion; metabolism ID ACID-TREATED ALFALFA; NET FLUX; HEAT-PRODUCTION; NUTRIENTS; ENERGY; SHEEP; METABOLISM; STEERS; HAY; RUMINANTS AB Crossbred wethers (n = Is, 7.5 month of age and 31 +/- 0.8 kg) were used in a 23-day experiment to determine effects of an libitum consumption of diets differing in proportions of coarsely chopped bermudagrass and ryegrass-wheat hay (0, 33, 67 and 100%) on oxygen consumption by splanchnic tissues. Bermudagrass and ryegrass-wheat were 9 and 13% CP and 78 and 71% NDF, respectively. Intake of dry matter (1.03, 0.92, 0.92 and 0.76 kg/d) and digestible energy (13.5, 10.7, 10.6 and 8.2 MJ/d for 0, 33, 67 and 100% bermudagrass, respectively) changed linearly and cubically (P<0.05) as bermudagrass level increased. Consumption of oxygen by the portal-drained viscera tended to decrease linearly (P=0.14) with increasing bermudagrass (182, 154, 156 and 137 mM/h), and hepatic oxygen consumption decreased linearly (P<0.05) and changed cubically (P=0.07; 150, 113, 116 and 103 mM/h for 0, 33, 67 and 100% bermudagrass, respectively). Splanchnic tissue energy consumption expressed as a percentage of digestible energy intake increased linearly (P=0.08) with increasing bermudagrass (24.0, 27.6, 28.6 and 33.2% for 0, 33, 67 and 100% bermudagrass, respectively). In conclusion, the level rather than presence alone of different grass sources consumed ad libitum affected energy use by the splanchnic bed, and as a percentage of digestible energy intake splanchnic bed energy consumption increased with increasing dietary bermudagrass level and decreasing digestible energy intake. C1 UNIV ARKANSAS,DEPT ANIM SCI,FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72701. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS,S CENT FAMILY FARM RES CTR,6883 S STATE HIGHWAY 23,BOONEVILLE,AR 72927, USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0003-942X J9 ARCH ANIM NUTR JI Arch. Anim. Nutr.-Arch. Tierernahr. PY 1997 VL 50 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA WH996 UT WOS:A1997WH99600001 PM 9205732 ER PT J AU Southwick, LM Willis, GH Mercado, OA Bengtson, RL AF Southwick, LM Willis, GH Mercado, OA Bengtson, RL TI Effect of subsurface drains on runoff losses of metolachlor and trifluralin from Mississippi River alluvial soil SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN LOUISIANA; ATRAZINE; WATER; TRIBUTARIES; HERBICIDES; TRANSPORT; SUGARCANE AB Subsurface drains reduced runoff losses of metolachlor and trifluralin from plots on Mississippi River alluvial soil planted with soybean. The drains reduced metolachlor runoff losses by 90% and trifluralin losses by 57%. Concomitantly, runoff volume was reduced 24% and soil erosional losses by 75%. The large reduction of metolachlor losses in runoff was due to a first event from the nondrained plot that was characterized by high chemical concentration, a characteristic that was not duplicated in the corresponding events from the drained plots. Due to low sediment concentrations in runoff and to low water solubility, trifluralin loss in runoff, even from the nondrained treatment, was less than 0.2% of the application. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,CTR AGR,DEPT BIOL & AGR ENGN,BATON ROUGE,LA 70803. RP Southwick, LM (reprint author), ARS,USDA,SOIL & WATER RES UNIT,4115 GOURNIER AVE,BATON ROUGE,LA 70808, USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 32 IS 1 BP 106 EP 109 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA WF163 UT WOS:A1997WF16300013 PM 9002441 ER PT J AU Handler, AM AF Handler, AM TI Developmental regulation of yolk protein gene expression in Anastrepha suspensa SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vitellogenin; vitellogenesis; insect ovaries; 20-hydroxyecdysone; juvenile hormone ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; STOMOXYS-CALCITRANS; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; DACUS-OLEAE; STABLE FLY; FAT-BODY; SEQUENCE; VITELLOGENIN; DIPTERA; 20-HYDROXYECDYSONE AB A partial cDNA clone for the 48,000 dalton yolk polypeptide gene from Anastrepha suspensa was isolated from a cDNA expression library using a yolk polypeptide antibody probe and hybridization to the Drosophila melanogaster yolk protein 1 gene. The sequenced DNA has greatest homology to the yolk protein genes from Ceratitis capitata, D. melanogaster, and Calliphora erythrocephala and, similar to these genes, shares amino acid sequence domains with those from lipases. RNA hybridization studies indicated that the yolk protein gene expression is completely female-specific and limited to the ovaries, without apparent regulation by 20-hydroxyecdysone or juvenile hormone. This is in contrast to an earlier study which suggested, based on immunological probes, that a very low level of yolk protein synthesis occurred in fat body and was not sex-specific. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* RP Handler, AM (reprint author), ARS,USDA,CTR MED AGR & VET ENTOMOL,1700 SW 23RD DR,GAINESVILLE,FL 32608, USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1997 VL 36 IS 1 BP 25 EP 35 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1997)36:1<25::AID-ARCH3>3.3.CO;2-B PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA XL724 UT WOS:A1997XL72400003 PM 9243791 ER PT J AU Loeb, MJ Wagner, RM Woods, CW Gelman, DG Harrison, D Bell, RA AF Loeb, MJ Wagner, RM Woods, CW Gelman, DG Harrison, D Bell, RA TI Naturally occurring analogs of Lymantria testis ecdysiotropin, a gonadotropin isolated from brains of Lymantria dispar pupae SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria; testis ecdysiotropin; peptide analogs; database search ID BLOWFLY CALLIPHORA-VOMITORIA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; DIPLOPTERA-PUNCTATA; MANDUCA-SEXTA; GYPSY-MOTH; NEUROPEPTIDES; HORMONES; PEPTIDES; CALLIFMRFAMIDES; ALLATOSTATINS AB Lymantria testis ecdysiotropin (LTE) was isolated from the most prominent peptide peak corresponding to an active fraction obtained by high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation of a homogenate of 13,000 Lymantria dispar pupal brains. In this work we examined the other active fractions from this separation as well as a second HPLC separation of an additional 2,300 pupal brains. Bioassay of the ecdysteroidogenic effects of each peak on L. dispar testes allowed detection of 20 peptide peaks with testis ecdysiotropic activity in addition to LTE. Of these, ten peptides were purified and sequenced. All of them were comparable to LTE in molecular weight. The amino acid sequences of five of the peptides were similar enough to LTE to be considered to be members of an LTE family. However, the other five peptides had no significant homology with LTE or with each other. A BLAST database search indicated LTE family homology with portions of inhibitory peptides such as those inhibiting cytolysis. In contrast, non-LTE ecdysiotropic peptides, in which undetermined residues designated X were assumed to be cysteine, were strikingly homologous to portions of vertebrate and invertebrate zinc finger peptides and to vertebrate and invertebrate virus proteins. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(+) RP Loeb, MJ (reprint author), USDA, IBL,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BLDG 011A, RM 211, BARC W, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1997 VL 36 IS 1 BP 37 EP 50 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1997)36:1<37::AID-ARCH4>3.3.CO;2-3 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA XL724 UT WOS:A1997XL72400004 PM 9243792 ER PT J AU Reed, DA Loeb, MJ Beckage, NE AF Reed, DA Loeb, MJ Beckage, NE TI Inhibitory effects of parasitism by the gregarious endoparasitoid Cotesia congregata on host testicular development SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE spermatogenesis; testicular atrophy; host/parasitoid relationships; testicular sheath; polydnavirus; venom; methoprene; cell death ID MANDUCA-SEXTA LARVAE; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; BRACONID WASP; PSEUDALETIA-SEPARATA; TOBACCO HORNWORM; ECDYSTEROID PRODUCTION; APANTELES-CONGREGATUS; PROTHORACIC GLANDS; TESTIS DEVELOPMENT; CYDIA-POMONELLA AB Cotesia congregata is a gregarious larval endoparasitoid of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. Parasitized larvae exhibit a variety of physiological and developmental aberrations, the most obvious of which is the induction of developmental arrest characterized by the absence of wandering behavior and suppression of pupation. This arrest appears attributable to continued maintenance of an elevated titer of juvenile hormone and reduced levels of hemolymph juvenile hormone esterase activity. Injection of the wasp's polydnavirus into nonparasitized larvae also causes arrest and the larvae eventually form larval-pupal intermediates instead of normal pupae, indicating the virus may be partially responsible. Aside from causing arrested host development, parasitism also inhibits the normal development and differentiation of testes in male host larvae, so that the testes atrophy instead of growing synchronously with other larval tissues. Here we report that parasitism has pronounced disruptive cytological effects on the developing reproductive organs of male hosts, in addition to causing them to atrophy. Parasitism results in a reduction in testicular volume attributable to a reduction in the number of developing germ cells. Microscopy revealed that the structural integrity of the sheaths surrounding the testicular follicles also is disrupted, so that the tissues appear grossly abnormal compared to those of nonparasitized larvae. Intrahemocoelic injection of purified C. congregata polydnavirus in combination with venom into nonparasitized fourth instar larvae, or topical application of 100 mu g of methoprene to fourth instar larvae, also alters sheath integrity and reduces the numbers of developing germ cells, but not to the same degree as the pattern observed in truly parasitized hosts. The occurrence of cell death in the male gonad was documented using the vital dyes acridine orange and ethidium bromide. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT ENTOMOL,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT BIOCONTROL LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1997 VL 36 IS 2 BP 95 EP 114 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1997)36:2<95::AID-ARCH3>3.3.CO;2-O PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA XT044 UT WOS:A1997XT04400003 ER PT J AU Hiremath, S Lehtoma, K AF Hiremath, S Lehtoma, K TI Structure of the gypsy moth vitellogenin gene SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; lepidoptera; vitellogenin gene ID JUVENILE-HORMONE REGULATION; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; YOLK PROTEINS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; MIGRATORY LOCUST; BOMBYX-MORI; EXPRESSION; CLONING; CDNA AB Genomic clones containing the vitellogenin (Vg) gene from the gypsy moth were isolated from two genomic libraries and characterized. The nucleotide sequence of a 16,132 bp region of the gypsy moth genome was determined which included a 3,666 bp region upstream from the transcription initiation site and 499 bp region downstream from the transcribed region. Primer extension analysis was performed to identify the transcription initiation site. Gene sequence confirmed the sequence of VgmRNA recently reported [Hiremath and Lehtoma, J. Insect Biochem. Mel. Biol. (1997) 27:27-35] and indicated that the gypsy moth Vg gene contains seven exons interrupted by six introns. Sequence analysis of the promoter region revealed presence of several motifs associated with sex-specific and developmentally regulated genes in other systems. The nucleotide sequence comparison analyses showed that the gypsy moth Vg gene had considerably similarity with the Bombyx mori Vg gene but not with those from Anthonomous grandis and Aedes aegypti. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(double dagger). RP Hiremath, S (reprint author), US FOREST SERV,USDA,NE FOREST EXPT STN,359 MAIN RD,DELAWARE,OH 43015, USA. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1997 VL 36 IS 3 BP 151 EP 164 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1997)36:3<151::AID-ARCH1>3.0.CO;2-X PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA XY978 UT WOS:A1997XY97800001 PM 9327584 ER PT J AU Adams, TS Gerst, JW Masler, EP AF Adams, TS Gerst, JW Masler, EP TI Regulation of ovarian ecdysteroid production in the housefly, Musca domestica SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XII Ecdysone Workshop CY JUL 22-26, 1996 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Peter Karlson Stift, Merck Farma & Quim, KenoGard, Sigma Aldrich Quim, Rohm & Haas Co, Quim Farm Bayer, Boehringer Mannheim, Waters Cromatog DE EDNH; ovary; ecdysone; 20-hydroxyecdysone; makisterone A; juvenile hormone ID MOSQUITO AEDES-AEGYPTI; DEVELOPMENT NEUROSECRETORY HORMONE; JUVENILE-HORMONE; BRAIN HORMONE; MATURATION; ECDYSONE; HEADS; DIET AB Highly purified Musca ecdysteroidogenin (ESG) was obtained by extracting housefly heads with an acid-ethanol-urea procedure followed by desalting on a Sephadex G25F column and fractionation on a Sephadex G50F column. Further fractionation was done on a semi-preparative C-18 reverse-phase HPLC column with an acetonitrile gradient in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in water. Ecdysteroidogenic activity eluted from the column with 35% acetonitrile. I-125 size exclusion HPLC revealed activity in a fraction with a molecular mass of 8.1 kDa. ESG from the C-18 column at a concentration of 1.1 mu g/fly stimulated ovarian development to late vitellogenesis when injected into flies without the corpus allatum-cardiacum complex and stimulated maximal ovarian ecdysteroid production in vitro at a concentration of 40 mu g/mu l. Concentrations of ESG outside these ranges were less effective. Ovaries produced about 500 pg each of ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, and makisterone A when exposed to ESG in vitro. However, control ovaries produced about a tenth the amount of ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone and half the amount of makisterone A. An exposure of 4 h or more to ESG was required by ovaries before they would make ecdysteroid, with the greatest rate of ecdysteroid production occurring in the 12-24 h interval of exposure. Ecdysteroid production ceased from 36-50 h after ESG was removed from the medium. A juvenile hormone analog (JHA) did not stimulate ovarian ecdysteroid production, but ovaries from flies without the corpus allatum-cardiacum complex required JHA to produce high levels of ecdysteroid during incubation with ESG. ESG activity was recovered from both male and female heads. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 N DAKOTA STATE UNIV,DEPT ZOOL,FARGO,ND 58105. USDA ARS,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. RP Adams, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS,BIOSCI RES LAB,STATE UNIV STN,FARGO,ND 58105, USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1997 VL 35 IS 1-2 BP 135 EP 148 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1997)35:1/2<135::AID-ARCH12>3.0.CO;2-C PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA WV840 UT WOS:A1997WV84000012 ER PT J AU Kochansky, JP Raina, AK Kempe, TG AF Kochansky, JP Raina, AK Kempe, TG TI Structure-activity relationships in C-terminal fragment analogs of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide in Helicoverpa zea SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN); peptide fragments; pheromone production; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; CORN-EARWORM; BOMBYX-MORI; PBAN; FAMILY; LEPIDOPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; CONFORMATION; NOCTUIDAE; PEPTIDES AB A number of analogs of the C-terminal hexapeptide of PBAN were prepared and tested in vivo for pheromonotropic activity in Helicoverpa zea. Peptides prepared with longer-chain omega-aminocarboxylic acids (Tyr-6-aminocaproyl-Leu-NH2 and Tyr-7-aminoheptanoyl-NH2) were active at 25 and 2.5 nmol. Acelyl-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2 was active at 1,000 pmol and represents, a new minimum active fragment in the PBAN system. Addition of a bulky, hydrophobic tail (4-octylphenoxyacetyl) to the C-terminal hexapeptide of PBAN gave an analog that was active at all concentrations tested from 1 to 1,000 pmol when injected, had slight oral activity, but had no activity when applied topically. Glu-Tyr-Phe-Ser-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2 was active at 1,000, but not at 100 pmol; at the latter dose it synergised the activity of 5 pmol of PBAN. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 ARS,USDA,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD. BARRSKOGEN INC,BOWIE,MD. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1997 VL 35 IS 3 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(199705)35:3<315::AID-ARCH5>3.0.CO;2-S PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA XB764 UT WOS:A1997XB76400005 PM 9177135 ER PT J AU Wagner, RM Loeb, MJ Kochansky, JP Gelman, DB Lusby, WR Bell, RA AF Wagner, RM Loeb, MJ Kochansky, JP Gelman, DB Lusby, WR Bell, RA TI Identification and characterization of an ecdysiotropic peptide from brain extracts of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gypsy moth; testes; ecdysone; testis ecdysiotropin; Lymantria dispar; peptide ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; PROTHORACICOTROPIC HORMONE; TESTIS ECDYSIOTROPIN; LEYDIG-CELL; ECDYSTEROID PRODUCTION; TOBACCO BUDWORM; ADULT MOSQUITO; LARVAL TESTES; L LEPIDOPTERA AB A peptide (Lymantria TE) was isolated from brains of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, which stimulates synthesis of ecdysteroid in the testes of larval and pupal insects. This ecdysiotropic peptide was purified and its structure determined to be NH2-Ile-Ser-Asp-Phe-Asp-Glu-Tyr-Glu-Pro-Leu-Asn-Asp-Ala-Asp-Asn-Asn-Glu-Val-Leu-Asp-Phe-OH using protein sequence analysis and electrospray mass spectrometry. The peptide was biphasic in activity, with maximal activity in the pupal testes at 10(-13) M and 10(-9) M, with a minimum at 10(-10) M, and with maxima at 10(-15) M and 10(-10) M and minimum at 10(-13) M for larval testes. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 USDA ARS, BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR, INST PLANT SCI, INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB, BELTSVILLE, MD 20705 USA. NR 60 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0739-4462 EI 1520-6327 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1997 VL 34 IS 2 BP 175 EP 189 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1997)34:2<175::AID-ARCH4>3.0.CO;2-W PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA WG256 UT WOS:A1997WG25600004 ER PT J AU Hatt, PJ Liebon, C Moriniere, M Oberlander, H Porcheron, P AF Hatt, PJ Liebon, C Moriniere, M Oberlander, H Porcheron, P TI Activity of insulin growth factors and shrimp neurosecretory organ extracts on a lepdopteran cell line SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 20-hydroxyecdysone; cell proliferation; formazan; DNA synthesis; BrdU; insulin ID LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA INSECTA; IMAGINAL DISKS INVITRO; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; PROLIFERATION; ORTHOPTERA; CULTURES; CUTICLE; HORMONE; ASSAY; CYCLE AB Ecdysteroids, or molting hormones, have been proven to be key differentiation regulators for epidermal cells in the postembryonic development of arthropods. Regulators of cell proliferation, however, remain largely unknown. To date, no diffusible insect peptidic growth factors have been characterized. Molecules structurally related to insulin have been discovered in insects, as in other eucaryotes. We developed in vitro tests for the preliminary characterization of potential growth factors in arthropods by adapting the procedures designed to detect such factors in vertebrates to an insect cell line (IAL-PID2) established from imaginal discs of the Indian meal moth. We verified the ability of these tests to measure the proliferation of IAL-PID2 cells. We tested mammalian insulin and insulin-like growth factors (ICF-I, ICF-II). Following an arrest of cell proliferation by serum deprivation, IGF-I and ICF-II caused partial resumption of the cell cycle, evidenced by DNA synthesis. In contrast, the addition of 20-hydroxyecdysone arrested the proliferation of the IAL-PID2 cells. The cell line was then used in a test for functional characterization of potential growth factors originating from the penaeid shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. Crude extracts of neurosecretory and nervous tissues, eyestalks, and ventral neural chain compensated for serum deprivation and stimulated completion of mitosis. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 ECOLE NORMALE SUPER, LAB BIOCHIM & PHYSIOL DEV,DEPT BIOL,CNRS,ER 100, URM 4,IFREMER, F-75231 PARIS, FRANCE. ARS, USDA, INSECT ATTRACTANTS BEHAV & BASIC RES LAB, GAINESVILLE, FL USA. NR 49 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0739-4462 EI 1520-6327 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1997 VL 34 IS 3 BP 313 EP 328 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1997)34:3<313::AID-ARCH6>3.3.CO;2-2 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA WK678 UT WOS:A1997WK67800005 PM 9055440 ER PT J AU Golubeva, E Kingan, TG Blackburn, MB Masler, EP Raina, AK AF Golubeva, E Kingan, TG Blackburn, MB Masler, EP Raina, AK TI The distribution of PBAN (pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide)-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neurohemal structure; neurosecretory regulation; immunocytochemistry; multiple antigenic peptide ID SEX-PHEROMONE BIOSYNTHESIS; CORN-EARWORM MOTH; MANDUCA-SEXTA; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; SUBESOPHAGEAL GANGLION; NEURAL REGULATION; HELIOTHIS MOTHS; BOMBYX-MORI; IDENTIFICATION; PEPTIDE AB The production of sex pheromone in many moths is regulated by the neuropeptide PBAN (pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide). Studies in a number of species have shown that pheromone production can be linked to a hemolymph factor and that continuity in the ventral chain of ganglia is not required. However, it has recently been shown that production of pheromone in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, is largely prevented in females with a transected ventral nerve cord (VNC). To begin to understand the cellular basis for this dependence on the VNC, we sought to determine the distribution of PBAN in the central nervous system and its neurohemal sites, including those associated with the VNC. Using an antiserum to L. dispar-PBAN in immunocytochemical methods, we have mapped the distribution of PBAN-like immunoreactivity (PLI). PLI is found in three clusters of ventral midline somata in the subesophageal ganglion (SEC), in three clusters of midline cells in each segmental ganglion, and in bilateral pairs of cells located posterolaterally in each abdominal ganglion. The SEG cells comprise both interneurons, with endings in the neuropil of each segmental ganglion, as well as neurosecretory cells, with endings in the retrocerebral complex and in an unusual neurohemal structure near the anterior aspect of the SEG. The latter structure, which we have named the corpus ventralis, receives axons from the two anterior clusters of cells in the SEG. In the abdominal ganglia, the posterolateral clusters of cells have immunoreactive axons exiting the ganglia via the ventral nerves. Endings of these axons reach the perivisceral organ in the next posterior ganglion and pass anteriorly into the median nerve, forming additional varicose endings. We did not detect PLI in the terminal nerve. Thus, our findings raise the possibility that the requirement for an intact VNC in pheromone production reflects a role for descending regulation of neurosecretory cells in the segmental ganglia. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST ANIM EVOLUT MORPHOL & ECOL,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. USDA ARS,BELTSVILLE AGR RES CTR,INSECT NEUROBIOL & HORMONE LAB,BELTSVILLE,MD 20705. NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PY 1997 VL 34 IS 4 BP 391 EP 408 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6327(1997)34:4<391::AID-ARCH1>3.0.CO;2-W PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA WR002 UT WOS:A1997WR00200001 ER PT J AU Andreyev, VG Wesley, RD Mengeling, WL Vorwald, AC Lager, KM AF Andreyev, VG Wesley, RD Mengeling, WL Vorwald, AC Lager, KM TI Genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships of 22 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) field strains based on sequence analysis of open reading frame 5 SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEHYDROGENASE-ELEVATING VIRUS; EQUINE ARTERITIS VIRUS; LELYSTAD-VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; UNITED-STATES; PROTEINS; VR-2332; RNA AB Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains from 13 states in the United States, Guatemala and Canada were used to compare the envelope glycoprotein gene (ORF 5) nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences. The gene was the same size, 603 nt, for all the 22 field strains. These strains had 89-94% amino acid identity compared to reference strain VR 2332. A putative signal sequence and cleavage site between residues 31 and 32 was identified and three potential glycosylation sites were present on all but two strains. Hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity and surface probability analyses reveal a primary structure for the envelope glycoprotein (E protein) with six potential surface regions that could be antigenic sites. Similar E protein structural features are conserved for the prototype European PRRSV - Lelystad virus. C1 USDA ARS,NATL ANIM DIS CTR,VIROL SWINE RES UNIT,AMES,IA 50010. NR 23 TC 105 Z9 119 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 1997 VL 142 IS 5 BP 993 EP 1001 DI 10.1007/s007050050134 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA WZ329 UT WOS:A1997WZ32900010 PM 9191863 ER EF