FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Walters, C AF Walters, C TI Ultra-dry technology: Perspective from the National Seed Storage Laboratory, USA SO SEED SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Seed Science and Technology CY MAY 12-16, 1997 CL GUANGZHOU, PEOPLES R CHINA ID MOISTURE-CONTENT LIMIT; THEORETICAL BASIS; WATER BINDING; SURVIVAL; TEMPERATURES; LONGEVITY; PROTOCOLS; LETTUCE; TISSUES C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Seed Storage Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Walters, C (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Seed Storage Lab, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-2585 J9 SEED SCI RES JI Seed Sci. Res. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 8 SU 1 BP 11 EP 14 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 126ZK UT WOS:000076325100004 ER PT J AU Walters, C Rao, NK Hu, XR AF Walters, C Rao, NK Hu, XR TI Optimizing seed water content to improve longevity in ex situ genebanks SO SEED SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Seed Science and Technology CY MAY 12-16, 1997 CL GUANGZHOU, PEOPLES R CHINA DE germplasm conservation; lettuce; Lactuca sativa; relative humidity; seed aging; seed storage; temperature; water content; water sorption isotherm ID MOISTURE-CONTENT LIMIT; THEORETICAL BASIS; SURVIVAL; STORAGE; TEMPERATURES; PROTOCOLS; LETTUCE AB This experiment was undertaken to gain consensus among laboratories regarding the best methods to process seeds for storage and to detect the progress of deterioration of stored seeds. A worldwide experiment, involving laboratories in the USA, India and China, was initiated in June 1995 using lettuce seeds as a model system. Seeds with water contents ranging from 0-0.10 g H2O/g dw (g/g) were stored at -18 degrees C (control), 20, 35 and 50 degrees C. The level of deterioration of seeds was measured periodically by assaying changes in the growth rate of radicles, percentage germination and time required to germinate. Aging kinetics were similar among the participating laboratories. While there was less variability in the percentage germination assay, significant changes in the time to germination and radicle length were detected before changes in percentage germination were found. Significant changes in seed growth parameters were not detected within the 800-1000 days of the experiment in seeds containing less than 0.07 g/g that were stored at 20 degrees C, and so the presence of a critical water content at that temperature was not indicated. Significant changes were not noted in seeds containing 0.020-0.035 g/g (China and USA) or those having water contents as low as 0.013 g/g (India) that were stored at 35 degrees C, and so an optimum water content for storage at 35 degrees C is potentially indicated between 0.020 and 0.035 g/g. Deterioration was observed in the 50 degrees C treatment for seeds at all water contents, but aging was slowest in seeds with water contents less than 0.018 g/g, suggesting that a critical water content exists at or below this water content. Relative humidities corresponding to maximum longevities were determined by constructing water sorption isotherms at the storage temperatures. The relative humidities corresponding to the optimum water content at 35 degrees C and the critical water content at 50 degrees C coincided, being between 10 and 19% at 35 degrees C and less than or equal to 15% at 50 degrees C. To achieve the optimum moisture levels at 35 and 50 degrees C, seeds were equilibrated at 22 degrees C to either 5.5-12% or 1% RH, respectively. The experiment confirms that lettuce seeds stored at 50 degrees C must be dried to very low water contents to achieve their maximum shelf life; however, this extreme drying is not necessary if seeds are to be stored at 35 degrees C, and may even be counter-productive to longevity. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Seed Storage Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Genet Resources & Enhancement Program, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Crop Germplasm Resources, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Walters, C (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Seed Storage Lab, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-2585 J9 SEED SCI RES JI Seed Sci. Res. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 8 SU 1 BP 15 EP 22 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 126ZK UT WOS:000076325100005 ER PT J AU Walters, C Hill, LM AF Walters, C Hill, LM TI Water sorption isotherms of seeds from ultradry experiments SO SEED SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Seed Science and Technology CY MAY 12-16, 1997 CL GUANGZHOU, PEOPLES R CHINA ID MOISTURE-CONTENT LIMIT; LOGARITHMIC RELATION; THEORETICAL BASIS; LONGEVITY; PROTOCOLS; STORAGE AB This special supplement of Seed Science Research contains several papers from Chinese contributors studying the effect of water content and temperature on seed aging. In order to relate water content and temperature relationships to relative humidity, water sorption isotherms of the seeds were constructed at 5, 25 and 45 degrees C. Seeds from the various contributors were shipped to the National Seed Storage Laboratory where the analyses were performed. When sufficient supplies of seeds were available, lipid contents were also determined. Lipid content was linearly related to seed water content at specific relative humidities and temperatures, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.75 to 0.85. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Seed Storage Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Walters, C (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Natl Seed Storage Lab, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-2585 J9 SEED SCI RES JI Seed Sci. Res. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 8 SU 1 BP 69 EP 73 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 126ZK UT WOS:000076325100013 ER PT J AU Marentes, E Grusak, MA AF Marentes, E Grusak, MA TI Iron transport and storage within the seed coat and embryo of developing seeds of pea (Pisum sativum L.) SO SEED SCIENCE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE iron; ferritin; seed development; seed coat; embryo; phloem unloading; Pisum sativum L. ID POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; FERRITIN SYNTHESIS; ABSCISIC-ACID; MAIZE; ACCUMULATION; PROTEINS; BINDING; PLANTS; MUTANT; OVULES AB To understand the cellular processes related to iron transport and sequestration within the developing pea seed (Pisum sativum), total iron and ferritin iron were analysed in seed coat and embryo tissues of the iron-hyperaccumulating pea mutant, Sparkle [dgl, dgl], and its wild-type parent, cv. Sparkle. For plants grown hydroponically with 2 mu M Fe, embryo Fe concentrations averaged 65 mu g g(-1) dry weight in mature wild-type seeds and 163 mu g g(-1) dry weight in mature dgl seeds; iron concentrations were also higher in dgl seed coats. Extracted and electrophoretically separated seed proteins were probed with a polyclonal antibody raised against pea seed ferritin. In both genotypes, ferritin was detected in the embryo, but not in the seed coat. Ferritin iron accounted for 92% of the total iron in mature wildtype embryos, but only 42% of the total iron in mature dgl embryos. Radiotracer studies using Fe-59 were used to characterize the movement of iron within the seed coat. Unequal distribution of 59Fe in opposing sections taken from the two hemispheres of the seed coat demonstrated that iron was symplastically phloem unloaded. These results suggest that iron resides transiently within the nonvascular seed coat cells and that all cells at the inner surface of the seed coat may be involved in the release of iron to the embryo apoplast. However, the form of iron resident within the seed coat and/or taken up by the embryo is presently unknown. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mgrusak@bcm.tmc.edu NR 34 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0960-2585 EI 1475-2735 J9 SEED SCI RES JI Seed Sci. Res. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 8 IS 3 BP 367 EP 375 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 124TP UT WOS:000076198400006 ER PT J AU McLain, RJ Christensen, HH Shannon, MA AF McLain, RJ Christensen, HH Shannon, MA TI When amateurs are the experts: Amateur mycologists and wild mushroom politics in the Pacific Northwest, USA SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE amateur science; conservation politics; mushrooms; Pacific Northwest; special forest products ID MANAGEMENT AB In the 19th century, amateur scientists and amateur science societies played important roles in producing scientific knowledge and generating popular support for scientific endeavors. As state and federal natural resource management agencies in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States begin to implement ecosystem and landscape management mandates, amateur scientists are emerging as important players in the special forest products policy arena. Yet amateur science remains a largely invisible social phenomenon in the environmental policy literature. This policy overview addresses that gap by examining attempts by Pacific Northwest amateur mycological societies to protect wild mushroom patches on public lands fi om encroachment by commercial harvesters. These groups have relied on two major strategies-organized political advocacy in state legislative processes, and formation of reseal ch partnerships with resource management agencies wishing to develop scientifically based harvesting guidelines. This account reveals some of the internal tensions that have arisen within these groups as they engage in overt political action and in the construction of policy knowledge. It also underlines the problematic nature of emerging knowledge production alliances between public land management agencies and key stakeholders. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Seattle Foresty Lab, Seattle, WA USA. Maxwell Sch Citizenship & Publ Affairs, Syracuse, NY USA. RP McLain, RJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 11 IS 6 BP 615 EP 626 DI 10.1080/08941929809381106 PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 119NY UT WOS:000075903700005 ER PT J AU Casey, FXM Logsdon, SD Horton, R Jaynes, DB AF Casey, FXM Logsdon, SD Horton, R Jaynes, DB TI Measurement of field soil hydraulic and solute transport parameters SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IMMOBILE WATER-CONTENT; SORBING POROUS-MEDIA; MASS-TRANSFER; TENSION INFILTROMETERS; NONREACTIVE TRACERS; UNSATURATED SAND; DIFFERENT TIMES; CONDUCTIVITY; MOBILE; INFILTRATION AB Agricultural chemical presence in groundwater has drawn attention toward transport processes occurring in soil. Hydraulic conductivity (K) and water-holding capacity of a soil have great influence on water now and solute transport. However, much of the chemical transport to groundwater ran occur through preferential flow pathways. The simplified, preferential now, mobile-immobile model partitions the water content (theta) into mobile (theta(m)) and immobile (theta(im)) domains, with solute exchange between the domains characterized by the mass-exchange coefficient (alpha). In this study a sequential tracer application technique was used and K, theta, theta(im), and alpha were estimated for a series of pressure heads (H = 10, -30, -60, and -150 mm). This method uses a tension infiltrometer to measure both hydraulic and solute transport parameters in situ. The study took place in a no-till corn (Zea mays L.) held mapped as a Harps series soil (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Calciaquoll). Unsaturated values of theta and K were distinct from the saturated values. Similarly, though less clear cut, distinctions between saturated and unsaturated values of theta(im), immobile water fraction (theta(im)/theta), and alpha were observed. The medians of theta for the sequence of decreasing H values were 0.40, 0.31, 0.34, and 0.33 m(3) m(-3) The median K values for the same sequence of H were 108, 1.69, 1.51, and 0.72 mu m s(-1). The median theta(im)/theta values for the H sequence were 0.40, 0.28, 0.25, and 0.39. The median values of alpha for the H sequence were 0.59, 0.015, 0.0028, and 0.0029 h(-1). A strong correlation between alpha and H suggests a velocity dependence of alpha. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Casey, FXM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM fxcasey@iastate.edu RI Casey, Francis/A-2135-2010 OI Casey, Francis/0000-0002-6035-7234 NR 38 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1172 EP 1178 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 130CF UT WOS:000076500900003 ER PT J AU Skaggs, TH Mohanty, BP AF Skaggs, TH Mohanty, BP TI Water table dynamics in tile-drained fields SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB We present a method for simulating water table dynamics in tile-drained fields that are subject to intermittent precipitation or irrigation. A stochastic state equation for the water table height midway between drain laterals is obtained by adding a random noise term to van Schilfgaarde's deterministic drainage model. The random term accounts for dynamics not modeled by van Schilfgaarde's equation, which is based on numerous simplifying assumptions. The continuous-discrete Kalman filter is used to obtain an estimate of the time variation of the water table height, as well as the variance of the estimate. The method is demonstrated using experimental data from the literature and is shown to have advantages over alternative approaches. Additional testing is necessary to fully assess the validity of the stochastic state equation and the utility of the filtering procedure. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Skaggs, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1191 EP 1196 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 130CF UT WOS:000076500900006 ER PT J AU Ahuja, LR Fiedler, F Dunn, GH Benjamin, JG Garrison, A AF Ahuja, LR Fiedler, F Dunn, GH Benjamin, JG Garrison, A TI Changes in soil water retention curves due to tillage and natural reconsolidation SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; INFILTRATION; PARAMETERS AB Changes in soil water retention of the surface soil brought about by tillage can significantly alter the amount of rain water that infiltrates into the root zone and is available for plant growth. Soil tillage generally increases porosity and changes the pore-size distribution, lending to changes in the soil water retention curve and hydraulic conductivities. The objective of this study was to investigate some simple ways of estimating the soil water retention curve of a tilled soil from that of an untilled soil, knowing the change in soil porosity or bulk density due to tillage. The study of literature and empirical analysis of the available data indicated: (i) under field conditions the tillage did not significantly change the ah-entry value of the soil; (ii) tillage increased the absolute value of the slope of the log-log relationship below the air-entry value; and (iii) the changes due to tillage in the retention rune occurred only in the larger pore-size range, approximately between the air-entry pressure head value and 10 times the air-entry value. Assuming these observations hold in general, two simple methods of estimating the water retention curve of a tilled soil from that of its untilled condition are proposed. The first method is a simple imposition of the Brooks and Corey function between the air-entry value and 10 times this value. The second method assumes that the change in soil water content at a given pressure head in the above range of pressure heads was inversely proportional to the value of the pressure head. The tests on four pairs of measured water retention curves on three different soils showed that these methods provided good approximations. C1 USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Ahuja, LR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, POB E, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM ahuja@gpsr.colostate.edu NR 26 TC 85 Z9 88 U1 3 U2 28 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1228 EP 1233 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 130CF UT WOS:000076500900011 ER PT J AU Stahl, PD Schuman, GE Frost, SM Williams, SE AF Stahl, PD Schuman, GE Frost, SM Williams, SE TI Arbuscular mycorrhizae and water stress tolerance of Wyoming big sagebrush seedlings SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LAG EX STEUD; ARTEMISIA-TRIDENTATA; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FUNGI AB Although Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis Beetle and Young) is widespread in the western USA, reestablishment of this native shrub on disturbed lands by direct seeding is problematic. A number of theories have been proposed to explain this difficulty. Included are the hypotheses that seedlings are unable to obtain adequate moisture and are handicapped by reduced levels of mycorrhizae in perturbed soils. We conducted a greenhouse study to examine the influence of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) and seedling age on soil moisture stress tolerance of Wyoming big sagebrush seedlings. Results demonstrated greater survival of mycorrhizal seedlings than nonmycorrhizal seedlings as soil dried down past soil water potential values of -2.5 MPa to as dry as -3.8 MPa. For all different aged seedlings tested (30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 d), the degree of soil dryness resulting in death of mycorrhizal seedlings was significantly greater (P < 0.01) than that causing death of nonmycorrhizal seedlings. Analysis of variance indicated a significant interaction of seedling age and mycorrhizae on moisture stress tolerance. Experimental data suggest that as sagebrush seedlings age, the beneficial influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on soil mater stress tolerance increases. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Stahl, PD (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 33 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1309 EP 1313 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 130CF UT WOS:000076500900023 ER PT J AU Mirzamostafa, N Hagen, LJ Stone, LR Skidmore, EL AF Mirzamostafa, N Hagen, LJ Stone, LR Skidmore, EL TI Soil aggregate and texture effects on suspension components from wind erosion SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC DUST CYCLE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; UNITED-STATES; ENTRAINMENT; PREDICTION; ABRASION; SYSTEM AB Many detrimental impacts are caused by the suspension-size (<0.10-mm) dust (SSD) generated during wind erosion. Prediction models of SSD are needed to assess SSD magnitudes and also aid in design of controls. Current models tend to lump together all sources of SSD from the soil surface, and their overall structure is best suited for use on large, uniform source areas. We reviewed equations developed to simulate generation of SSD on a subfield scale from individual structural components of the soil. These sources include direct emission of loose SSD, abrasion of SSD from surface clods by impacting saltating aggregates, and breakdown of saltating soil aggregates to SSD. The main objective of this study was to experimentally determine the effects of aggregate structure and soil texture on the individual SSD sources for a range of Kansas soils. Periodic sampling of 11 soils showed that the fraction of loose SSD in the upper 20 mm available for emission ranged from 0.7 to 80% of soil mass. However, variation in the mean SSD fraction in these soils was directly related to soil texture (r(2) = 0.87), Content of SSD in the total mass abraded from clods in a wind tunnel ranged from 14 to 27%, This range was relatively narrow, but related to parent soil clay content (r(2) = 0.69). Saltation-size aggregates were about nine times more stable than target clods of the same soils. However, the production of SSD based on breakage coefficients of saltating aggregates was also related to clap content of the parent soils (r(2) = 0.96). C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Wind Eros Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Hagen, LJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Wind Eros Res Unit, Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM hagen@weru.ksu.edu NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1351 EP 1361 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 130CF UT WOS:000076500900030 ER PT J AU Six, J Elliott, ET Paustian, K Doran, JW AF Six, J Elliott, ET Paustian, K Doran, JW TI Aggregation and soil organic matter accumulation in cultivated and native grassland soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID C-13 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; NO-TILLAGE SOILS; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; LIGHT FRACTION; CARBON; STABILITY; NITROGEN; MINERALIZATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; PLACEMENT AB Tillage intensity affects soil structure and the loss of soil organic C and N. We hypothesized that no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) differentially affect three physically defined particulate organic matter (POM) fractions. A grassland-derived Haplustoll was separated into aggregates by wet sieving. Free light fraction (LF) and intra-aggregate PORI (iPOM) were isolated. Natural abundance C-13 was measured for whole soil C, free LF C, and iPOM C. The mean residence time of soil C under CT (44 yr) was 1.7 times less than in NT (73 yr). The amount of free LF C was 174, 196, and 374 g C m(-2) for CT, NT, and NS, respectively. Total iPOM C amounts in CT, NT, and NS vc ere 193, 337, and 503 g C m(-2), respectively. The level of fine iPOM C (53-250 mu m) level in macroaggregates (250-2000 mu m) obtained after slaking,vas five times greater in NT vs. CT and accounted for 47.3% of the difference in total POM C between NT and CT. The amount of coarse iPOM C (250-2000 mu m) was only 2.4 times greater and accounted for only 21% of the difference in total PORI C. Sequestration of iPOM was observed in NT vs. CT, but free LF was not influenced by differential tillage, We conclude that differences in aggregate turnover largely control the difference in fine iPOM in CT vs. NT and consequently SOM loss is affected by both the amount of aggregation and aggregate turnover. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Six, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM johan@nrel.colostate.edu RI Paustian, Keith/L-7593-2016 NR 41 TC 631 Z9 778 U1 41 U2 344 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1367 EP 1377 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 130CF UT WOS:000076500900032 ER PT J AU Betz, CL Allmaras, RR Copeland, SM Randall, GW AF Betz, CL Allmaras, RR Copeland, SM Randall, GW TI Least limiting water range: Traffic and long-term tillage influences in a Webster soil SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ROOT-GROWTH; CORN ROOT; COMPACTION; AERATION; STRENGTH; RESIDUE; MAIZE AB Rooting is a continuous response to the soil physical environment, but root responses in the field are sufficiently complex to require a least limiting approach. Rooting limitations of available water, soil aeration, and penetration resistance are Linked into a least limiting water range (LLWR) as a function of bulk density (rho(b)). The LLWR concept and associated measurements were used to evaluate the impact of tillage and tracking on root and hydrologic environment at two depths in a poorly drained clay loam: (i) the 5- to 10-cm depth in nontracked and tracked interrows of three long-term tillage treatments (chisel plow, CH; moldboard plow, MB; and no tillage, NT); and (ii) a plow pan at 25- to 30-cm depth. Soil shrinkage, rho(b), saturated hydraulic conductivity, water retention characteristic (WRC), and penetration resistance characteristic (PRC) were all measured in undisturbed soil cores (5 cm long by 5 cm in diameter). Both the WRC and PRC included rho(b) as an independent variable. Linearized fits of the WRC and PRC, with R-2 > 0.70, were sensitive to tracking and to CH vs. MB tillage; compaction in the plow pan and tracking in the NT reduced by 75% the impact of rho(b) on the PRC. Tracking reduced the LLWR as much as 0.04 to 0.06 m(3) m(-3) in CH and NT treatments, but the reduction in the MB treatment was <0.02 m(3) m(-3). Penetration resistance was more limiting than the wilting point in the NT treatment and the plow pan, but not in treatments receiving annual tillage. Aeration was more Limiting than available water in the NT and plow pan than in the MB and CH. The LLWR portrayed a major soil structural impact on physical control of rooting. Soil hydraulic properties associated with the LLWR explained a compaction and drainage problem with conservation tillage that can be Linked to shallow penetration of tillage tools in this poorly drained soil. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, So Expt Stn, Waseca, MN 56093 USA. RP Allmaras, RR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM allmaras@soils.umn.edu NR 41 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1384 EP 1393 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 130CF UT WOS:000076500900034 ER PT J AU Power, JF Koerner, PT Doran, JW Wilhelm, WW AF Power, JF Koerner, PT Doran, JW Wilhelm, WW TI Residual effects of crop residues on grain production and selected soil properties SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NO-TILLAGE; NITROGEN; CORN; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEMS; YIELD AB Returning crop residue improves water conservation and storage, nutrient availability, and crop yields, We have little knowledge, however, er, of the residual impacts of crop residues on soil properties and crop production. We hypothesized that residual impacts of crop residues vary with the amount of residues used. A 10-yr study near Lincoln, NE, evaluated the residual effects of an earlier 8-yr study of various crop residue amounts on crop growth and selected soil properties. From 1978 through 1985, crop residues were returned at 0, 50, 100, and 150% of the quantity produced by the previous crop (averaging 0 to approximate to 6 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1)). Continuous corn (Zea mays L.) was produced 1986 through 1995 on these plots, except sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] was substituted in several years. To study management effects on residual responses, plots were subdivided with or without tillage, N fertilizer (60 kg N ha(-1)), and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.) cover crop. Residual effects of the 150% residue amount increased grain production 16% compared with the 0% amount (4900 vs. 4250 kg ha(-1), respectively), and were not affected by time or other management practices. Increasing previous residue amount did enhance soil N availability (from 73.0 to 82.3 kg autoclave-mineralizable N ha(-1)) and Bray soil P (16.7 to 20.3 kg ka(-1)). These results are among the first to show that residual effects of crop residue are prolonged (half-life of approximate to 10 yr) and probably result from changes in soil properties that enhance soil nutrient availability. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Power, JF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 119 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM jp32349@navix.net NR 15 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 20 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1393 EP 1397 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 130CF UT WOS:000076500900035 ER PT J AU Westbrook, JK Esquivel, JF Lopez, JD Jones, GD Wolf, WW Raulston, JR AF Westbrook, JK Esquivel, JF Lopez, JD Jones, GD Wolf, WW Raulston, JR TI Validation of bollworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) migration across south-central Texas in 1994-1996 SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CORN-EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA; HELIOTHIS; POLLEN; EMERGENCE AB Research was undertaken to validate estimates of long-distance flights of adult male bollworm, Helicoverpa tea (Boddie), using a network of pheromone traps in northeastern Mexico and south-central Texas. Captured bollworm moths were examined for external contamination of citrus pollen and internal contamination of Lycopodium clavatum spores. Moths contaminated with citrus pollen were captured throughout the network of pheromone traps as far as 661 km from the nearest location of commercial citrus production in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) during February and March 1994 to 1996. Moths which consumed a feeding attractant/stimulant mixture with L. clavatum spores were captured as far as 230 km north of treated corn fields in the LRGV in June, 1996. Estimated nightly insect flight trajectories from Weslaco (LRGV) and local minimum air temperatures were well correlated with capture events of citrus pollen-contaminated bollworms in February and March, 1994 (chi(2) = 60.556; 3 df; P < 0.0001). Results show that probabilities of capture events can be estimated for specific recipient locations, and suggest that the insect flight trajectory method can be applied to other dates and source areas. These findings strongly support a need to suppress dispersal of bollworm moths that jeopardize the effective management of pests and insecticide resistance on an areawide basis. C1 ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Mgmt Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Westbrook, JK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Areawide Pest Mgmt Res Unit, 2771 F&B Bd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 23 IS 3 BP 209 EP 219 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 124FT UT WOS:000076172300001 ER PT J AU Temeyer, KB Pruett, JH Beetham, PK AF Temeyer, KB Pruett, JH Beetham, PK TI Production of monoclonal antibodies specific for hypodermin A, a serine protease of the common cattle grub, Hypoderma lineatum SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID SOLUBLE-PROTEINS AB Murine hybridomas were constructed that secreted monoclonal antibodies specific for hypodermin A (HyA), a serine protease produced by first-instar larvae of the common cattle grub, Hypoderma lineatum (Villers). Monoclonal antibodies produced by the three hybridoma cultures, HL1-A1, HL1-A2 and HL1-A3 were each of subclass IgG1. HL1-A1 antibody bound only the native form of HyA, while HL1-A2 and HL1-A3 antibodies bound both native and SDS-denatured forms of HyA. Binding of either HL1-A1, HL1-A2 or HL1-A3 monoclonal antibodies to HyA hindered subsequent binding of any of the other monoclonal antibodies. HL1-A1 monoclonal antibodies were purified and utilized to develop a sandwich ELISA capable of quantitation of HyA from natural or recombinant sources. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Temeyer, KB (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 23 IS 3 BP 229 EP 235 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 124FT UT WOS:000076172300003 ER PT J AU Temeyer, KB AF Temeyer, KB TI Antifungal agents and solvents for use in horn fly larval rearing or bioassays SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID FACE FLY; LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY; HEMATOBIA-IRRITANS; MUSCIDAE; DIPTERA; SURVIVAL; ANTIBIOTICS; FECES; DIETS; DUNG AB We tested toxicity of the antifungal agents amphotericin B, clotrimazole, griseofulvin, haloprogin, miconazole, nystatin, and tolnaftate to larval horn flies, each of which appeared to be potentially useful in bovine fecal medium. The toxicity of ethanol, methanol, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethylformamide (DMF) were also evaluated. DMSO and DMF were incompatible with horn fly larvae at all concentrations tested. Methanol and ethanol were each tolerated to about 2% (vol/wt), but exhibited increasing toxic effects at higher concentrations. Ethanol supplementation up to 2% had a positive effect on larval growth and survival. A combination of streptomycin, nystatin and ethanol was found to be compatible with use in horn fly larval bioassays. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insect Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Temeyer, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insect Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 23 IS 3 BP 237 EP 245 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 124FT UT WOS:000076172300004 ER PT J AU Chu, CC Henneberry, TJ Natwick, ET AF Chu, CC Henneberry, TJ Natwick, ET TI Bemisia argentifolii adults caught in CC whitefly traps at different trap heights and trap catch relationships to leaf-turn counts on cotton SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID TABACI HOMOPTERA; ALEYRODIDAE; VALIDATION; PLANS AB The effects of trap placement on adult Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring catches in a new whitefly trap (CC trap) in cotton fields were studied in California and Arizona in 1996 and 1997. In a no-choice study in 1996, more adults were caught in traps placed 15 cm below the top of the cotton canopy compared with traps placed at canopy top or 15 cm above the plant canopy. Traps caught more whitefly adults in the Stoneville 474 and Louisiana 887 plots compared with traps placed in the Deltapline 5415 and 5461 plots, reflecting the same differences in adult populations on the leaves in the plots, as determined using the leaf-turn method. In a no-choice trap study in 1997, trap catches were significantly correlated with leaf-turn counts with traps placed at the top of cotton beds, 30, 60, 90 and 120 cm above plant beds. Significant correlations occurred from 21 August to 18 September when the leaf-turn adult counts were 54 or more adults per ten leaves. In a choice study in 1997, trap catches from 14 August to 18 September were significantly correlated with the leaf-turn adult counts for traps placed from 30 to 120 cm above cotton beds. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Chu, CC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 23 IS 3 BP 259 EP 268 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 124FT UT WOS:000076172300006 ER PT J AU Mulrooney, JE Adams, ER AF Mulrooney, JE Adams, ER TI A chamber for immobilizing insects with carbon dioxide SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 ARS, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Mulrooney, JE (reprint author), ARS, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 23 IS 3 BP 285 EP 286 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 124FT UT WOS:000076172300009 ER PT J AU Pendleton, BK Pendleton, RL AF Pendleton, BK Pendleton, RL TI Pollination biology of Coleogyne ramosissima (Rosaceae) SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB The pollination and breeding system of Coleogyne ramosissima (blackbrush), a Rosaceous shrub. was examined at three locations in southern Utah during 1993. At each location, four branch treatments were applied: open pollination, mesh bags to prevent insect visitation, controlled cross pollination, and self pollination. Exclusion of insect pollinators did not affect fruit set. Mean percentage of flowers setting fruit on mesh-covered branches (48.6%) was equal to or greater than that of either open-pollinated branches (37.6%) or cross-pollinated branches (29.2%). Mean percent fruit set on self-pollinated branches ranged from 0.8 to 6.3%, with an overall mean of 2.7%. These data demonstrate that blackbrush is wind-pollinated and largely self-incompatible. Populational differences in overall fruit set are likely related to precious flowering and fruiting expenditures. Probable evolution of blackbrush from insect to wind pollination is discussed. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Pendleton, BK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, 735 N 500 E, Provo, UT 84606 USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 43 IS 3 BP 376 EP 380 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 133TK UT WOS:000076701700012 ER PT J AU Chun, DTW Brushwood, D AF Chun, DTW Brushwood, D TI High moisture storage effects on cotton stickiness SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Quality Measurement Conference / Beltwide Cotton Conference CY JAN 06-10, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA AB Studies are conducted to examine the feasibility of using high cotton moisture content during storage to reduce cotton stickiness. Initially, water alone is added to bring the moisture content up to 15, 30, and 40%. The cottons are stored for 5, 11, and 15 days at 10 degrees C. Reflectance and strength decreased and yellowness increases over time with the 30% and 40% moisture content cottons. But cottons with a moisture content of 15% are not only less sticky, but also suffer no significant deterioration of cotton quality. Possibly these conditions can be used in a stickiness reduction treatment program. A second set of cottons is brought up to 30% moisture content using water augmented with urea or ammonia in an attempt to minimize microbial effects, then these cottons are stored for 15 days at room temperature. The urea and ammonia treatments do not appear to offset the quality deterioration of the cottons by the 30% high moisture content, although both sugar content and stickiness are reduced. Heavy processing of sticky cottons tends to increase the number of sticky spots, but these spots are much smaller than those present in the unprocessed stock. C1 ARS, USDA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. RP Chun, DTW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 68 IS 9 BP 642 EP 648 DI 10.1177/004051759806800904 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 115KD UT WOS:000075662700004 ER PT J AU Montalvo, JG AF Montalvo, JG TI Reply to "Comments on 'Theoretical and experimental profiles of fiber fineness and maturity using the Shirley Micromat and the Zellweger Uster Advanced Fiber Information System Module'" SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 ARS, SRRC, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Montalvo, JG (reprint author), ARS, SRRC, USDA, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 68 IS 9 BP 698 EP 698 DI 10.1177/004051759806800914 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 115KD UT WOS:000075662700012 ER PT J AU Ratnaparkhe, MB Tekeoglu, M Muehlbauer, FJ AF Ratnaparkhe, MB Tekeoglu, M Muehlbauer, FJ TI Intersimple-sequence-repeat (ISSR) polymorphisms are useful for finding markers associated with disease resistance gene clusters SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE microsatellite; disease resistance; mapping; introduction; sequence-directed approach ID TOMATO GENOME; GACA-REPEATS; DNA; MICROSATELLITES; AMPLIFICATION; DIVERSITY; ABUNDANCE; LACTUCAE; PRIMERS; LETTUCE AB We describe a simple and new approach, based on inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs), for finding markers linked to clusters of disease resistance genes. In this approach, simple sequence repeats (SSR) are used directly in PCR reactions, and markers found to be linked to disease resistance genes provide important information for the selection of other sequences which can be used with PCR to find other linked markers. Based on an ISSR marker linked to a gene of interest, many new markers can be identified in the same region. We previously demonstrated that ISSR markers are useful in gene tagging and identified a marker, UBC-855(500), linked to the gene for resistance to fusarium wilt race 4 in chickpea. This ISSR marker provided the information used in the present study for selecting other primers which amplified a region linked to the gene for resistance to fusarium wilt race 4. The primers were based on homology with the (AC), sequence and were used for PCR amplifications. Changes in the sequence were at the anchor region of the primers. The repeat (AC)BT amplified a marker, UBC-825(1200), which was located 5.0 cM from the gene for resistance to fusarium wilt race 4 and was closer than other markers. These results indicated that ISSR markers can provide important information for the design of other primers and that by making changes at the 3' and 5' anchors close linkage to the desired gene can be found. The approach allows rapid scanning of the targeted region and may provide important information for genome analysis of plant species. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 31 TC 79 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 97 IS 4 BP 515 EP 519 DI 10.1007/s001220050925 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 125ZY UT WOS:000076269000002 ER PT J AU Yencho, GC Kowalski, SP Kobayashi, RS Sinden, SL Bonierbale, MW Deahl, KL AF Yencho, GC Kowalski, SP Kobayashi, RS Sinden, SL Bonierbale, MW Deahl, KL TI QTL mapping of foliar glycoalkaloid aglycones in Solanum tuberosum x S-berthaultii potato progenies: quantitative variation and plant secondary metabolism SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE solasodine; solanidine; steroid alkaloid; restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs); plant breeding ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; STEROIDAL GLYCOALKALOIDS; VERATRUM-GRANDIFLORUM; RESISTANCE; SOLANACEAE; SOLANIDINE; TOMATO; BIOSYNTHESIS; SEGREGATION; POPULATIONS AB Glycoalkaloids are quantitatively inherited in Solanum, and in high concentrations they can be toxic to humans. The increased use of wild potato germplasm to improve the pest resistance, yield, and quality characteristics of cultivated potato may elevate or introduce new, more toxic glycoalkaloids into the cultivated gene pool. Therefore, it is important to increase our understanding of their inheritance, accumulation, and biosynthesis. Glycoalkaloids have two basic constituents - a glycosidic grouping and a steroid alkaloid skeleton. Steroid alkaloids are classified as solanidanes and spirosolanes, of which solanidine and solasodine are, respectively, representatives. RFLP-mapped, diploid, reciprocal backcross potato progenies involving the parents S. tuberosum and S. berthaultii, which produce solanidine and solasodine, respectively, were analyzed for segregation of the glycoalkaloids solanine, chaconine, solasodine and solamargine to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the production of the aglycones solanidine and solasodine. The F-1 clone M200-30 exhibited low to nondetectable levels of solasodine and solanidine, suggesting that expression was controlled by recessive genes. In a backcross to berthaultii (BCB) and backcross to tuberosum (BCT), several QTLs for the accumulation of solasodine and solanidine were identified. Three QTLs explaining approximately 20% of the variation in solasodine were identified in BCB on chromosomes 4, 6, and 12. Similarly, three QTLs were identified in BCT on chromosomes 4, 8 and 11, but these accounted for only 10% of the variation observed in solasodine accumulation. Two QTLs for solanidine were identified in BCT on chromosomes 1 and 4. The QTL located on chromosome 1 was highly significant, accounting for 17% and 22% of the variation in solanidine accumulation in 1994 and 1995, respectively. This same QTL was also detected in BCB. The QTLs detected in this study probably represent structural and/or regulatory genes controlling the accumulation of solasodine and solanidine. Results are discussed in the context of steroid alkaloid accumulation and biosynthesis. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Biometry, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, PSI, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Paul Ecke Ranch, Encinitas, CA 92023 USA. Int Potato Ctr, Lima, Peru. RP Yencho, GC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Vernon G James Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Hort Sci, 207 Res Stn Rd, Plymouth, NC 27962 USA. EM craig_yencho@ncsu.edu NR 47 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 97 IS 4 BP 563 EP 574 DI 10.1007/s001220050932 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 125ZY UT WOS:000076269000009 ER PT J AU Kawarasaki, T Welch, GR Long, CR Yoshida, M Johnson, LA AF Kawarasaki, T Welch, GR Long, CR Yoshida, M Johnson, LA TI Verification of flow cytometrically-sorted X- and Y-bearing porcine spermatozoa and reanalysis of spermatozoa for DNA content using the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flow sorting; X and Y chromosome-bearing spermatozoa; FISH; swine; semen ID CHROMOSOME-BEARING; SEX PRESELECTION; SPERM; SEPARATION; FERTILIZATION; INSEMINATION; SEQUENCE; SWINE; BOAR AB Flow cytometric sperm sorting based on X and Y sperm DNA difference has been established as the only effective method for sexing the spermatozoa of mammals. The standard method for verifying the purity of sorted X and Y spermatozoa has been to reanalyze sorted sperm aliquots. We verified the purity of flow-sorted porcine X and Y spermatozoa and accuracy of DNA reanalysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using chromosome Y and 1 DNA probe. Eight ejaculates from 4 boars were sorted according to the Beltsville Sperm Sexing method. Porcine chromosome Y- and chromosome 1-specific DNA probes were used on sorted sperm populations in combination with FISH. Aliquots of the sorted sperm samples were reanalyzed for DNA content by flow cytometry. The purity of the sorted X-bearing spermatozoa was 87.4% for FISH and 87.0% for flow cytometric reanalysis; purity for the sorted Y-bearing spermatozoa was 85.9% for FISH and 84.8% for flow cytometric reanalysis. A total of 4,424 X sperm cells and 4,256 Y sperm cells was examined by FISH across the 8 ejaculates. For flow cytometry, 5,000 sorted X spermatozoa and 5,000 Y spermatozoa were reanalyzed for DNA content for each ejaculate. These results confirm the high purity of flow sorted porcine X and Y sperm cells and the validity of reanalysis of DNA in determining the proportions of X- and Y-sorted spermatozoa from viewing thousands of individual sperm chromosomes directly using FISH. (C) 1998 by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Shizuoka Swine & Poultry Expt Stn, Shizuoka, Japan. USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Shizuoka Univ, Fac Agr, Shizuoka, Japan. RP Kawarasaki, T (reprint author), Shizuoka Swine & Poultry Expt Stn, Shizuoka, Japan. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD SEP PY 1998 VL 50 IS 4 BP 625 EP 635 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(98)00167-8 PG 11 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 133RH UT WOS:000076699200011 PM 10732153 ER PT J AU Jun, H Kishimoto, T Way, TR Taniguchi, T AF Jun, H Kishimoto, T Way, TR Taniguchi, T TI Three-directional contact stress distributions for a pneumatic tractor tire in soft soil SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE soil compaction radial-ply tire; dynamic load; inflation pressure; contact stress ID INTERFACE STRESSES; DYNAMIC LOAD AB Three-directional contact stresses were investigated at three locations on a lug of a pneumatic tractor tire in a completely soft rotary-tilled soil overlying a hardpan about 250 mm below the surface. The 12.4R28 pneumatic tractor drive tire was operated at two dynamic loads and two inflation pressures at 20% slip. Three transducers were embedded in the lug face near the tire centerline, approximately the center of the lug, and near the outside edge of the lug. The general trend of stress distributions reflected the effect of tire inflation pressure more than dynamic load in this experiment. Increased dynamic load increased the levels of stresses. The maximum normal stress occurred near the tire centerline at high inflation pressure. The maximum tangential stress occurred near the tire centerline and decreased as the position moved from the tire centerline to the edge of the tire. At the high inflation pressure, the maximum lateral stress was concentrated near the bottom center position for each transducer. C1 Obihiro Univ Agr & Vet Med, Agroenvironm Sci Dept, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080, Japan. ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL USA. RP Kishimoto, T (reprint author), Obihiro Univ Agr & Vet Med, Agroenvironm Sci Dept, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080, Japan. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1237 EP 1242 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 131CR UT WOS:000076558600001 ER PT J AU Iqbal, M Marley, SJ Erbach, DC Kaspar, TC AF Iqbal, M Marley, SJ Erbach, DC Kaspar, TC TI An evaluation of seed furrow smearing SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE corn; Zea mays, L.; planting; compaction; furrow; smearing; coultec AB Seed furrow sidewall smearing describes compaction of soil in the seed zone that is caused, in some soil conditions, by the planter furrow opener and that may interfere with crop stand establishment. Soil smearing caused by planting with double disk furrow openers was investigated by measuring physical properties of soil in the seed furrow and by evaluating corn (Zea mays, L.) emergence and growth. Planter attachments for row preparation (no-coulter; single offset bubble coulter; and triple offset fluted coulter planter attachments) were evaluated for their influence on seed furrow sidewall smearing over a range of soil moisture contents. Planting tended to reduce soil bulk density in the 0 to 100 mm layer in the seed zone. In general, the soil was least dense when the triple-coulter attachment was used Air permeability of soil samples taken from the seed furrow sidewall, before the furrow was closed tended to decrease with increasing soil moisture. The triple-coulter treatment resulted in greater air permeability than did other coulter treatments. Soil penetration resistance below the seed and in the seed furrow sidewall was greatest for the single coulter and least for the triple coulter. We observed that more roots grew parallel to the soil surface with no-coulter and single-coulter treatments than with the triple-coulter treatment especially when soil property measurements indicated that more sidewall smearing had occurred. This research showed that row preparation by coulter planter attachments placed ahead of double-disk openers can reduce seed furrow sidewall smearing and may improve stand establishment of corn. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Erbach, DC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, POB 3439, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1243 EP 1248 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 131CR UT WOS:000076558600002 ER PT J AU Gilley, JE Eghball, B AF Gilley, JE Eghball, B TI Runoff and erosion following field application of beef cattle manure and compost SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE beefcattle; compost; erosion; manure; manure runoff; no-till systems; runoff ID POULTRY LITTER; SURFACE RUNOFF; SOIL LOSS; TILLAGE; WATER; ERODIBILITY; MANAGEMENT; TRANSPORT; SYSTEMS; FESCUE AB Manure or compost from beef carve feedlots can be excellent sources of nutrients and organic matter when added to soils. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a single application of manure and compost on runoff and erosion under no-till and tillage conditions. Tillage consisted of a single disking operation up and dawn the slope on a Sharpsburg soil which was cropped to grain sorghum or wheat the previous season. Manure and compost were applied at rates required to meet corn fertility requirements. Additional experimental treatments included the application of inorganic fertilizer and an untreated check. The addition of manure or compost to the no-till plots containing sorghum or wheat residue resulted in significant reductions in residue cover: However; residue cover following tillage was unaffected by the earlier addition of manure or compost Runoff and erosion from simulated rainfall were not significantly influenced by the single application of manure or compost. On the no-till sorghum residue treatments, total solids transport represented 5.1% and 3.3% of the mass of applied manure and compost, respectively. Total solids transport was 1.3% and 1.4% of the mass of applied manure and compost, respectively, on the no-till wheat residue treatments. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Gilley, JE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 251 LW Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 28 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1289 EP 1294 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 131CR UT WOS:000076558600009 ER PT J AU Hubbard, RK Newton, GL Davis, JG Lowrance, R Vellidis, G Dove, CR AF Hubbard, RK Newton, GL Davis, JG Lowrance, R Vellidis, G Dove, CR TI Nitrogen assimilation by riparian buffer systems receiving swine lagoon wastewater SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE animal waste; riparian forest; nitrogen; water; nutrient assimilation ID NITRATE; LOSSES AB A three-year study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using riparian buffer systems to assimilate nitrogen (N) from swine lagoon effluent. Replicated 30x4 m plots were established at the interface of a pasture and riparian forest. Wastewater from the third lagoon of the University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station main swine research unit was applied to each plot by overland flow from tanks at the top end of each plot. The wastewater which contained an average N concentration of 160 mg L-1 N, primarily as ammonium (NH4-N), was applied to the plots at two different rates (either once per week [1x, 1285 L/plot] or twice per week [2x, 2570 L/plot]). Three different vegetative buffer treatments were evaluated: (1) 10 m grass buffer draining into 20 m existing riparian zone vegetation; (2) 20 m grass buffer draining into 10 m existing riparian zone vegetation; and (3) 10 m grass buffer draining into 20 m maidencane (Panicum hematomon). The effects of the wastewater on surface runoff and groundwater quality were evaluated by transects of surface runoff collectors, suction lysimeters, and shallow groundwater wells which extended from the top to the bottom of each plot Data analyses showed differences due to wastewater application rate and distance downslope from the wastewater application pipe. Nitrogen concentrations increased over time at the top ends of the plots bur showed little increase at the bottom ends of the plots. Overall, all three vegetative treatments were successful in assimilating N from the wastewater The study showed that riparian buffer systems, where wastewater is applied by overland flows can be effective in assimilating N contained within lagooned animal wastes. C1 ARS, USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Hubbard, RK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 946, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RI Davis, Jessica/C-1903-2013 NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1295 EP 1304 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 131CR UT WOS:000076558600010 ER PT J AU Van Klaveren, RW McCool, DK AF Van Klaveren, RW McCool, DK TI Erodibility and critical shear of a previously frozen soil SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE erosion; freeze/thaw; critical shear; erodibility; erosion models ID FREEZE-THAW; STRENGTH AB Many areas of the northern United States and southern Canada, and particularly the four million ha of nonirrigated cropland of the Northwestern Wheat and Range Region in the United States suffer severe erosion under thawing soil conditions. Ability to predict soil erosion in these areas is hampered by lack of knowledge of soil properties and hydraulic resistance of thawing soils. This study was conducted to determine erodibility parameters of soil frozen and thawed under controlled moisture tension. A tilting flume was designed to allow near-natural freezing and thawing of a soil mass and apply shear stress from flawing water Tests were conducted under soil moisture tensions of 50, 150, and 450 mn. A linear relationship was found between detachment and shear stress. Critical shear stress values showed little change with time. Rill erodibility was related to soil moisture tension and changed rapidly during the course of a 90-min test flow. At a tension of 450 mm, the erodibility was similar to that found in field tests under summer conditions. This study indicates the transient nature of rill erodibility during soil freezing and thawing that will influence the accuracy of continuous simulation erosion models for winter conditions. C1 Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Conservat Engn Div, Natl Headquarters, USDA, Washington, DC USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP McCool, DK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 213 LJ Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 18 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1315 EP 1321 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 131CR UT WOS:000076558600012 ER PT J AU Rice, CE Kadavy, KC AF Rice, CE Kadavy, KC TI Low-drop grade-control structure SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE channels; grade control; riprap; hydraulic structures; modeling AB This study was conducted to develop design criteria for a structural law-drop (drop height/critical depth of h/d(c) less than or equal to 1.0) grade-control structure that will have good performance characteristics and have general acceptance by the engineering community involved with stabilization of degrading channels. The structure has a 2:1 (horizontal:vertical) sloping floor at the entrance, 0.5d(c) high floor block with 1:2 upstream sloping face, and a 0.25d(c) high end sill with a 3:1 sloping upstream face. Criteria are presented to design the structure given the channel width, critical depth, drop height, and tail water elevation and to determine the size and placement of riprap downstream of the structure to ensure the integrity of the structure. A minimum tail water elevation is required for acceptable performance of the structure. C1 ARS, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, USDA, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Kadavy, KC (reprint author), ARS, Hydraul Engn Res Unit, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, USDA, 1301 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1337 EP 1343 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 131CR UT WOS:000076558600015 ER PT J AU Fryrear, DW Saleh, A Bilbro, JD AF Fryrear, DW Saleh, A Bilbro, JD TI A single event wind erosion model SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE soil loss; wind erosion; single event wind erosion model; transport mass; critical field length ID SOIL COVER; FIELD AB A Single Event Wind Erosion Model (SEEM) has been developed and tested with field erosion data. Estimates of mass transport and critical field lengths are possible with SEEM when given simple inputs for soil, crop, field, and weather conditions. With the transport and critical field length coefficients in a sigmoid equation, average soil loss can be computed. Estimates of soil loss from 2.6 ha circular fields with SEEM ranged from 0.03 to 6.64 kg/m(2), measured values ranged from 0.015 to 8.03 kg/m(2). Calculated soil losses were correlated with measured losses for seven sites and eleven storms (r(2) = 0.88). C1 Custom Prod & Consultants, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. ARS, USDA, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Big Spring, TX USA. Tarleton State Univ, Stephenville, TX USA. RP Fryrear, DW (reprint author), Custom Prod & Consultants, 7204 S Serv Rd, Big Spring, TX 79720 USA. NR 21 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1369 EP 1374 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 131CR UT WOS:000076558600018 ER PT J AU Novak, JM Watts, DW Stone, KC Johnson, MH Hunt, PG AF Novak, JM Watts, DW Stone, KC Johnson, MH Hunt, PG TI Pesticides and metabolites in the shallow groundwater of an eastern Coastal Plain watershed SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE pesticides; metabolites; groundwater; Coastal Plain; wells ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; AGRICULTURAL PESTICIDES; SURFACE-WATER; ATRAZINE; ALACHLOR; DEGRADATION; HERBICIDES AB The occurrence of pesticides in drinking water sources is a public concern because of potential adverse health effects. We report the results of a three-year study to assess the occurrence of pesticides and metabolites in shallow groundwater in a USDA Water Quality Demonstration Project(WQDP). The Herrings Marsh Run (HMR) watershed is located in the eastern Coastal Plain region of North Carolina and has similar characteristics of other regional agricultural-intensive watersheds. Ninety-two shallow groundwater wells were installed on farms around the watershed in late 1992 and early 1993. Water samples were collected monthly from March 1993 to March 1995 and collected quarterly for the remainder of 1995 and early 1996. The samples (n = 2598) were initially screened for II pesticides (8 triazines, 2 chloroactamides, I methylester) using immunoassay techniques. The positive detections (n = 266) were further analyzed by gas chromatographic (GC) and GC/MS (mass spectrometric) procedures. During the study period we found that the majority (91%) of the wells had no detections for 11 compounds commonly used in the watershed Pesticides were consistently detected in four wells, but the concentrations were usually below the health advisory limit (HAL). Overall, alachlor was the most frequently detected pesticide. The lack of II commonly used pesticides in a high number of wells suggests that these pesticides have had a minimal impact on the quality of HMR shallow groundwater. C1 ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Novak, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM novak@florence.ars.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1383 EP 1390 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 131CR UT WOS:000076558600020 ER PT J AU Schneider, AD Howell, TA AF Schneider, AD Howell, TA TI LEPA and spray irrigation of corn - Southern High Plains SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE irrigation; sprinklers; corn; LEPA; spray; efficiency ID WATER DROPLET EVAPORATION; MODEL; EFFICIENCY; SUBSURFACE; YIELD AB Two LEPA and two spray sprinkler methods were evaluated with five irrigation amounts ranging from 0 to 100% of soil water replenishment in 25% increments. The LEPA methods were bubblers at the 0.3-m height and double ended socks pulled through the furrows, and the spray methods were in-canopy spray at the 0.3-m height and overhead spray about 0.3 m above the mature crop canopy. The 100% irrigation treatment received 25-mm irrigations to maintain soil water at a non-yield-limiting level based on earlier research. Neutron soil water measurements verified the adequacy of the irrigation applications. Deficit irrigation treatments received 0, 25, 50, and 75% of the 25-mm irrigations on the same date. The field study was conducted on Pullman clay loam soil at Bushland, Texas, during the 1994 and 1995 crop years. Tillage, fertility, and weed and insect control were typical of those used for high-yield, on-farm corn production in the Southern High Plains. The corn was planted on 0.76-m spaced beds, all furrows were diked, and sprinkler devices were spaced 1.52 m apart over alternate furrows. Grain yields and seasonal water use efficiency (WUE) both increased significantly with irrigation amount Far 100% irrigation across the folks sprinkler methods, grain yields and WUE averaged 13.5 Mg/ha and 1.68 kg/m(3), respectively. Significant differences in grain yields and WUE occurred among the sprinkler methods in 1994, but the yields and WUE were not consistently larger for either the LEPA or spray sprinkler method. In conclusion, both LEPA and spray are efficient sprinkler methods for irrigating corn for high grain yields in the Southern High Plains. C1 ARS, USDA, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Schneider, AD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1391 EP 1396 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 131CR UT WOS:000076558600021 ER PT J AU Lu, R Chen, YR Solomon, MB Beny, BW AF Lu, R Chen, YR Solomon, MB Beny, BW TI Tensile properties and Warner-Bratzler tenderness measurement of raw and cooked beef SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE meat; beef; tenderness; mechanical properties ID MEAT TENDERNESS; MUSCLE AB Tensile tests and Warner-Bratzler (WB) shear tests were performed to study the mechanical properties of beef and their relationship with WE tenderness measurement. Four bovine muscles, biceps femoris (BF), longissimus dorsi (LD), semimembranosus (SM), and semitendinosus (ST), were used. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design where muscle type, cooking status, and aging were treatments and animals as blocks. Results showed that raw muscles exhibited all or some of the elastic, stress-yielding, and work-hardening behaviors in tension. The work-hardening behavior generally disappeared in cooked beef Cooking resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the maximum tensile force, ranging from 65% for BF muscle to 144% for SM muscle. The strain energy at break did not change significantly for BF: LD, and SM muscles after cooking but increased significantly for ST muscle. Muscle type had a considerable effect on the relationship between tensile properties and WE shear measurements. The correlation between WE shear value and the maximum tensile force for cooked beef was significant for LD and SM muscles (r = 0.65 and r = 0.48, respectively) and was not for the other two muscles. There was also a significant correlation (r = 0.64) between WB shear value of cooked beef and the maximum tensile force of raw beef for LD muscle. C1 ARS, USDA, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Meat Sci Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lu, R (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, ISL,Bldg 303,BARC-E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rlu@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1431 EP 1439 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 131CR UT WOS:000076558600026 ER PT J AU Paz, JO Batchelor, WD Colvin, TS Logsdon, SD Kaspar, TC Karlen, DL AF Paz, JO Batchelor, WD Colvin, TS Logsdon, SD Kaspar, TC Karlen, DL TI Analysis of water stress effects causing spatial yield variability in soybeans SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE soybeans; crop yields; site-specific field management; spatial yield variability; soil moisture content ID LANDSCAPE; IOWA AB Soybean yields have been shown to be highly variable across fields. Past efforts to correlate yield in small sections of fields to soil type, elevation, fertility, and other factors in an attempt to characterize yield variability has Clad limited success. In this article, we demonstrate how a process oriented crop growth model (CROPGRO-Soybean) can be used to characterize spatial yield variability of soybeans, and to test hypotheses related to causes of yield variability In this case, the model was used to test the hypothesis that variability in water stress corresponds well with final soybean yield variability within a field. Soil parameters in the model related to rooting depth and hydraulic conductivity were calibrated in each of 224 grids in a 16-ha field in Iowa using three years of yield data. In the best case, water stress explained 69% of the variability in yield for all grids over three years. The root mean square error was 286 kg ha(-1) representing approximately 12% of the three-year mean measured yield. Results could further be improved by including factors that were not measured, such as plant population, disease, and accurate computation of surface water run on into grids. Results of this research show that it is important to include measurements of soil moisture holding capacity, and drainage characteristics, as well as root depth as data layers that should be considered in arty data collection effort. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Batchelor, WD (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agr & Biosyst Engn, 219 Davidson Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Paz, Joel/0000-0003-0193-3681 NR 16 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1527 EP 1534 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 131CR UT WOS:000076558600038 ER PT J AU Prater, M AF Prater, M TI Determinants of profitability of grain dependent short line railroads SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART E-LOGISTICS AND TRANSPORTATION REVIEW LA English DT Article DE short line railroads; grain transportation; rail profitability ID PERFORMANCE AB This paper is the first empirical analysis of U.S. short line railroad profitability using primary cost and revenue data. Models of short line profitability are developed using Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT) as the profitability measure. The sample includes 34 short lines operating in 17 states in the midwest region of the U.S. for the fiscal years 1986-1995. The models are estimated by OLS regression and explain up to 75% of the variation in shea. line profitability. Nearly all the explanatory variables have the theoretically expected sign and are statistically significant. The variable DENS (number of carloads per mile of main-line track) is the most important influence on EBIT. However, several other variables are identified as important including management ability to control expenses, type of short line ownership, size and ownership of the short line's network, composition of traffic, and length of haul. The empirical results of the study indicate that a short line operating at the mean values of the explanatory variables is likely to only break even. About 25% of the sample short lines have a high probability of requiring government assistance to continue operating. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, AMS, TMD, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Econ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Prater, M (reprint author), USDA, AMS, TMD, Room 1207,S Bldg, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1366-5545 J9 TRANSPORT RES E-LOG JI Transp. Res. Pt. e-Logist. Transp. Rev. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 187 EP 200 DI 10.1016/S1366-5545(98)00011-8 PG 14 WC Economics; Engineering, Civil; Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Transportation GA 149EZ UT WOS:000077593300002 ER PT J AU Birch, TW Hodge, SS Thompson, MT AF Birch, TW Hodge, SS Thompson, MT TI Characterizing Virginia's private forest owners and their forest lands SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTHEASTERN RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article AB A recently completed forest inventory and two woodland owner surveys have given us insight about the owners of private forest lands in Virginia. There is increasing parcelization of forested lands and an increase in the number of nonindustrial private (NIPF) landowners in Virginia. More than half of the private owners have harvested timber from their holdings at some time in the past, and they control three-quarters of the private forest. Owners have a positive attitude toward timber cutting at a time when there is greater demand for products from the forest. In terms of decision making, private forest owners have control over marketed and non-marketed commodities. This situation needs monitoring to maintain good stewardship for future generations. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Radnor, PA 19087 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Birch, TW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Radnor, PA 19087 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH EASTERN FOREST EXP STATION PI DELAWARE PA 359 MAIN RD, DELAWARE, OH 43015 USA SN 0502-3491 J9 USDA FOR SERV NE RES JI USDA For. Serv. Northeast. Res. Station Res. Paper PD SEP PY 1998 IS 707 BP COVER1 EP + PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 309PR UT WOS:000086777300001 ER PT J AU McDonald, PM Litton, RB AF McDonald, PM Litton, RB TI Combining silviculture and landscape architecture to enhance the roadside view SO USDA FOREST SERVICE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article DE landscape management; mixed conifer forest,; northern California; plant community dynamics; stand growth; view enhancement AB On a high-quality site in the mixed conifer forest of northern California, understory and overstory vegetation along a 3-mile paved county road were manipulated to enhance the view for the traveler. Traditional silvicultural cutting methods and landscape architectural techniques were blended to give contrast and variability to the vegetation along both sides of the highway. Understory vegetation (hardwoods, shrubs, forbs, graminoids, ferns, conifer seedlings); saplings (hardwoods, conifers, shrubs); and trees (California white fir, sugar pine, coast Douglas-fir, incense-cedar, California black oak, ponderosa pine, and Pacific dogwood) were sampled before logging, after logging, after brush disposal, and 6 years later in 10 distinct visual segments along the road and in a control (untreated area). Measurements included density,foliar cover, height, basal area, and basal area growth. Plant diversity also was quantified. Major findings were that although the hardwoods and shrubs obscured about 25 percent of the view 6 years after brush disposal, the view is still vastly improved over what it was before. And with careful logging and other vegetation management, the roadside stand can yield both pleasing scenery and timber. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Silviculture Lab, USDA, Redding, CA 96001 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McDonald, PM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Silviculture Lab, USDA, Redding, CA 96001 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU USDA FOREST SERVICE PI FT COLLINS PA PACIFIC SOUTHWEST RESEARCH STN 3825 EAST MULBERRY ST, FT COLLINS, CO 80524-8597 USA SN 0363-5988 J9 USDA FOR SERV PSW R JI USDA For. Serv. Pac. Southwest Res. Stn. Res. Pap. PD SEP PY 1998 IS 235 BP III EP + PG 23 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 160NE UT WOS:000078236100001 ER PT J AU Butler, BW Bartlette, RA Bradshaw, LS Cohen, JD Andrews, PL Putnam, T Mangan, RJ AF Butler, BW Bartlette, RA Bradshaw, LS Cohen, JD Andrews, PL Putnam, T Mangan, RJ TI Fire behavior associated with the 1994 South Canyon Fire on Storm King Mountain, Colorado SO USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION RESEARCH PAPER RMRS LA English DT Article DE wildland fire; rate of spread; fireline intensity; fire fighting; safety; accidents; fire size; firefighter travel rates AB In the aftermath of the deaths of 14 firefighters during the South Canyon Fire in July 1994, fire scientists assessed what occurred and suggested guidelines that may help firefighters avert such a tragedy in the future. This report describes the fuel, weather, and topographical factors that caused the transition from a relatively slow-spreading, low-intensity surface fire to a high-intensity, fast-spreading fire burning through the entire fuel complex, surface to crown. The analysis includes a detailed chronology of fire and firefighter movements, changes in the environmental factors affecting the fire behavior, and crew travel rates and fire spread rates. Eight discussion points apply directly to firefighter safety. C1 Rocky Mt Res Stn, Intermountain Fire Sci Lab, Fire Behav Res Work Unit, Missoula, MT USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Missoula Technol & Dev Ctr, Missoula, MT USA. RP Butler, BW (reprint author), Rocky Mt Res Stn, Intermountain Fire Sci Lab, Fire Behav Res Work Unit, Missoula, MT USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROCKY MT RESEARCH STATION PI OGDEN PA 324 25TH ST, OGDEN, UT 84401 USA J9 USDA FOR SERV RM R S PD SEP PY 1998 IS RP-9 BP 1 EP + PG 83 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 237AJ UT WOS:000082631200001 ER PT J AU Lichtenfels, JR Kharchenko, VA Krecek, RC Gibbons, LM AF Lichtenfels, JR Kharchenko, VA Krecek, RC Gibbons, LM TI An annotated checklist by genus and species of 93 species level names for 51 recognized species of small strongyles (Nematoda : Strongyloidea : Cyathostominea) of horses, asses and zebras of the world SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nematoda; Strongyloidea; Cyathostominea AB The results of an international collaborative effort to prepare a recommended list of scientific names for the small strongyles (Nematoda: Strongyloidea: Cyathostominea) of horses, donkeys and zebras are reported. Fifty-one valid species are recognized in 13 genera, including Cyathostomum, Coronocyclus, Cylicodontophorus, Cylicocyclus, Cylicostephanus, Skrjabinodentus, Tridentoinfundibulum, Petrovinema, Poteriostomum, Parapoteriostomum, Hsiungia, Cylindropharynx and Caballonema. In addition, 42 other species level names are listed as synonyms of the 51 recognized species or as species inquirendae (10 species) or nomen nudum (one species). Numerous annotations provide information on the nomenclatural and systematics history, current status and additional studies needed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Biosystemat & Natl Parasite Collect Unit, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ukrainian Acad Sci, II Schmalhausen Inst Zool, UA-252601 Kiev, Ukraine. Univ Pretoria, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Vet Trop Dis, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. Univ London Royal Vet Coll, Dept Pathol & Infect Dis, Hatfield AL9 7TA, Herts, England. RP Lichtenfels, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosystemat & Natl Parasite Collect Unit, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Rm 4,Bldg 1180,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rlichten@lpsi.barc.usda.gov RI Kharchenko, Vitaliy/F-2426-2010 OI Kharchenko, Vitaliy/0000-0002-3824-2078 NR 29 TC 82 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 79 IS 1 BP 65 EP 79 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(98)00149-6 PG 15 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 124JH UT WOS:000076178300005 PM 9777726 ER PT J AU Qi, FX Ridpath, JF Berry, ES AF Qi, FX Ridpath, JF Berry, ES TI Insertion of a bovine SMT3B gene in NS4B and duplication of NS3 in a bovine viral diarrhea virus genome correlate with the cytopathogenicity of the virus SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cpBVDV; bovine SMT3B; cellular gene insertion ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MUCOSAL DISEASE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CLEAVAGE SITES; PESTIVIRUS; UBIQUITIN; PROTEIN; CATTLE; IDENTIFICATION AB Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in cattle can lead to the development of a fatal syndrome called mucosal disease (MD). The induction of MD requires co-existence of two biotypes of BVDV: cytopathic (cp) and non-cytopathic (ncp). Studies have shown that in some cases; cp viruses are generated from ncp viruses by cellular gene insertions, duplications or rearrangements in the viral genome. Cellular ubiquitin gene is the most frequently reported insert in BVDV 1. Here we report the finding of a novel cellular gene insertion (termed cSNCINS) in the NS4B gene accompanied by the duplication of NS3 in a cpBVDV genome. The amino acid sequence of the insert is identical to that of the human SMT3B protein and is 98% similar to that of the human SMT3A protein. Both SMT3B and SMT3A proteins are homologues of the yeast SMT3 protein. The cSNCINS protein is encoded by an open reading frame located on a 1150-bp bovine endometrial cDNA fragment. Our results indicate that the cSNCINS is a bovine homologue of the human SMT3B gene and that insertion of the BSMT3B gene together with duplication of NS3 in the viral genome may account for the cytopathogenicity of this virus. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virol Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet & Microbiol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Qi, FX (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Sch Dent, Dept Oral Biol, 250 LHRB,1919 7th Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM fqi@mail.dental.uab.edu NR 37 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 57 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(98)00073-2 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 141FD UT WOS:000077131200001 PM 9833880 ER PT J AU Davis, RE Jomantiene, R Dally, EL Wolf, TK AF Davis, RE Jomantiene, R Dally, EL Wolf, TK TI Phytoplasmas associated with grapevine yellows in Virginia belong to group 16SrI, subgroup A (tomato big bud phytoplasma subgroup), and group 16SrIII, new subgroup I SO VITIS LA English DT Article DE Vitis sp.; grapevine yellows; phytoplasma; 16S rRNA gene ID MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; ASTER YELLOWS; CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE; IDENTIFICATION; DIVERSITY; PLANTS; TAXON; HOST; DNA AB Grapevine yellows disease in Virginia closely resembles flavescence doree and other grapevine yellows diseases, but the phytoplasmas infecting grapevines in Virginia are distinct from other grapevine yellows pathogens. RFLP analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA indicated that a Virginia grapevine yellows phytoplasma, designated VGYIII was distinct from all other phytoplasmas studied, but was most closely related to spirea stunt (SP1), walnut witches' broom (WWB), and poinsettia branch-inducing (PoiB 1) phytoplasmas in subgroups E, G, and H, respectively, of 16S I RNA group 16SrIII. RFLP analysis also indicated the existence of sequence heterogeneity between the two rRNA operons in the genomes of SP 1 and WWB. Based on the results from RFLP and sequence comparisons with other group 16SrIII phytoplasmas, the VGYIII phytoplasma was classified in a new subgroup, designated 16SrIII-I. A second phytoplasma (VGYI) was detected in cultivated grapevines(Vitis vinifera L.) and in wild grapevines(V. riparia Michx.) and identified as a member of subgroup 16SrI-A. There was no evidence of flavescence doree, bois noir, or Australian grapevine yellows phytoplasmas in Virginia. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Agr Expt Stn, Winchester, VA USA. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Room 252,Bldg 011A,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM rdavis@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 38 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUNDESANSTALT ZUCHTUNGS FORSCHUNG KULTURPFLANZEN PI SIEBELDINGEN PA INST REBENZUCHTUNG GEILWEILERHOF, D-76833 SIEBELDINGEN, GERMANY SN 0042-7500 J9 VITIS JI Vitis PD SEP PY 1998 VL 37 IS 3 BP 131 EP 137 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 129DD UT WOS:000076447200007 ER PT J AU Shahalam, A Abu Zahra, BM Jaradat, A AF Shahalam, A Abu Zahra, BM Jaradat, A TI Wastewater irrigation effect on soil, crop and environment: A pilot scale study at Irbid, Jordan SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE crops; crop-yield; effect; environment; freshwater; irrigation; leachate; salinity; sodicity; soil; wastewater; water-quality AB An investigation was carried out at pilot scale to test the feasibility of using the effluent of a rotating biological contactors (RBC) unit treating wastewater generated from a university campus. The objective of the study was to cerefully monitor the impact of wastewater irrigation on the soil, percolating water, crop growth and the pathogenic condition within the immediate vicinity of wastewater application. Experimental plots with three crops: alfalfa, radish and tomato were irrigated with fresh and waste waters. The irrigation water was applied by sprinklers. Each crop was given two sub-treatments: with fertilizer and without fertilizer. The physical and chemical properties of the soil, the crop yields, and subsurface drainage were measured. In most of the cases, the yields resulted from the uses of wastewater with fertilizer were compatible with those of the uses of freshwater with fertilizer. The washings of tomato fruits grown with wastewater were analyzed for fecal coliforms. It appeared that the fruit skins were free of viable fecal coliforms 24 hours after the wastewater application. Subsurface drainage analyses did not show any alarming levels of constituents irrespective of the source of the water: wastewater or freshwater. The wastewater irrigation applied for a season had no significant effect on a silty loam soil. With wastewater irrigation, slught changes in the soil porosity and salinity were observed. C1 Ohio State Univ, Outlying Stn, USDA, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Irbid, Jordan. Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, CE Dept, Irbid, Jordan. Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Fac Agr, Irbid, Jordan. RP Shahalam, A (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Outlying Stn, USDA, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. NR 21 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 106 IS 3-4 BP 425 EP 445 DI 10.1023/A:1005046912234 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 117XB UT WOS:000075807000014 ER PT J AU Mattikalli, NM Engman, ET Jackson, TJ Ahuja, LR AF Mattikalli, NM Engman, ET Jackson, TJ Ahuja, LR TI Microwave remote sensing of temporal variations of brightness temperature and near-surface soil water content during a watershed-scale field experiment, and its application to the estimation of soil physical properties SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; ORGANIC-MATTER; RETENTION; MOISTURE; MANAGEMENT; PARAMETERS; DRAINAGE; PREDICT; TEXTURE AB Passive microwave airborne remote sensing was employed to collect daily brightness temperature (T(B)) and near-surface (0-5 cm depth) soil water content (referred to as "soil water content") data during June 10-18, 1992. in the Little Washita watershed, Oklahoma. A comparison of multitemporal data with the soils data revealed a direct correlation between changes in T(B) and soil water content, and soil texture. Regression relationships were developed for the ratio of percent sand to percent clay (RSC) and effective saturated hydraulic conductivity (K(sat)) in terms of T(B) and soil water content change. Validation of results indicated that both RSC and K(sat) can be estimated with adequate accuracy. The relationships are valid for the region with Small variation Of soil organic matter content, soils with fewer macropores, and limiting experimental conditions. However, the findings have potential to employ microwave remote sensing for obtaining quick estimates of soil properties over large areas. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Lab Hydrospher Proc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mattikalli, NM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Branch, Lab Hydrospher Proc, Code 974, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM nandish@hydro5.gsfc.nasa.gov NR 39 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 34 IS 9 BP 2289 EP 2299 DI 10.1029/98WR00553 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 115PX UT WOS:000075674800017 ER PT J AU Thompson, WM Nissen, SJ Masters, RA AF Thompson, WM Nissen, SJ Masters, RA TI AC 263,222 absorption and fate in leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE translocation; metabolism; root exudation; rangeland weed; imidazolinone; perennial weed; adventitious shoot buds; EPHES; AC 263,222; ammonium nitrate; NH4NO3; leafy spurge; Euphorbia esula L ID PICLORAM ABSORPTION; TRANSLOCATION; METABOLISM; IMAZETHAPYR; IMIDAZOLINONE; HERBICIDES; IMAZAPYR; IMAZAQUIN; 2,4-D AB Absorption, translocation, and metabolism of AC 263,222 by leafy spurge were studied over 8 d. Based on the amount of herbicide applied and recovered from the leaf surfaces, 40% of applied AC 263,222 was absorbed by leafy spurge 2 d after treatment (DAT), with no further absorption observed by 8 DAT Eight DAT, 19% of applied [C-14]-AC 263,222 had translocated to below-ground plant parts while 4% was exuded from the roots into the sand media. AC 263,222 was not metabolized 2 DAT in the crown, root, and root buds, but 42% was metabolized in the treated leaves. Only 17% of recovered [C-14] was AC 263,222 in treated leaves 8 DAT (83% metabolized), while AC 263,222 accounted for 70% of recovered [14C] in the root and root buds. HPLC analysis indicated chat the balance of [C-14] was associated with a single, polar metabolite. Total recovery of [C-14] was 88% at 8 DAT. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Thompson, WM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 46 IS 5 BP 510 EP 513 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 128YP UT WOS:000076436200002 ER PT J AU Foes, MJ Liu, LX Tranel, PJ Wax, LM Stoller, EW AF Foes, MJ Liu, LX Tranel, PJ Wax, LM Stoller, EW TI A biotype of common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) resistant to triazine and ALS herbicides SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acetolactate synthase; herbicide resistance; cross-resistance; multiple resistance; AMATA; atrazine; flumetsulam; imazethapyr; thifensulfuron; common waterhemp; Amaranthus rudis Sauer ID ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; INHIBITING HERBICIDES; HYBRIDUS; MUTATION; ATRAZINE; PALMERI AB A common waterhemp biotype that was not controlled by triazine or acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides was isolated from a field in Bond County, IL, in the fall of 1996. Greenhouse and laboratory experiments determined resistance to atrazine and three ALS-inhibiting herbicides in this biotype. Based on whole-plant response, the Bond County common waterhemp biotype required over 1,000 times more imazethapyr relative to a susceptible biotype to reduce growth 50%. Cross-resistance to thifensulfuron, a sulfonylurea, and flumetsulam, a triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide, was also detected. Based on in vivo enzyme assays, ALS in the Bond County common waterhemp biotype was 20-, > 8-, and 68-fold less sensitive than ALS in the susceptible biotype to imazethapyr, thifensulfuron, and flumetsulam, respectively. Whole-plant efficacy trials also indicated that the Bond County common waterhemp biotype required more than 20 kg ha(-1) of atrazine to inhibit growth 50%. Chlorophyll fluorescence assays revealed that 100 nM atrazine inhibited photosynthesis in the susceptible biotype, whereas 10 M did not affect photosynthesis in the resistant biotype. Regions of the genes encoding ALS and D1 proteins were sequenced to determine the molecular basis for the resistances. Triazine resistance was conferred by a glycine for serine substitution at residue 264 of the D1 protein, while ALS resistance was conferred by a leucine for tryptophan substitution at residue 569 of ALS. C1 ARS, USDA, Crop Protect Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Stoller, EW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Protect Res Unit, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. OI Tranel, Patrick/0000-0003-0666-4564 NR 27 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 11 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 46 IS 5 BP 514 EP 520 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 128YP UT WOS:000076436200003 ER PT J AU Luschei, EC Buhler, DD Dekker, JH AF Luschei, EC Buhler, DD Dekker, JH TI Effect of separating giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) seeds from soil using potassium carbonate and centrifugation on viability and germination SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE weed seed bank; seed extraction; SETFA; giant foxtail; Setaria faberi Herrm. ID WEED FLORA; POPULATION; SEEDBANK AB Changes in weed seedbank composition are often monitored by removing seeds from soil samples. One extraction method accomplishes this by creating a slurry of soil and a concentrated inorganic salt solution. Centrifugation is then used to separate constituents of differing densities. We have found that centrifugation of giant foxtail seeds in 3.2 M potassium carbonate solution as conducted in a centrifugation/flotation extraction method can reduce viability as measured by germination and tetrazolium tests. In one experiment, centrifugation/flotation separation reduced germination of giant foxtail seeds from 94 to 52%. The likely cause of seed damage was the high pH of the potassium carbonate solution in conjunction with the increased hydrostatic pressure due to centrifugation. While centrifugation affected quantitative measures of seed viability, it did not alter qualitative viability estimates using a pressure test. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Buhler, DD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 46 IS 5 BP 545 EP 548 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 128YP UT WOS:000076436200009 ER PT J AU Chase, CA Sinclair, TR Shilling, DG Gilreath, JP Locascio, SJ AF Chase, CA Sinclair, TR Shilling, DG Gilreath, JP Locascio, SJ TI Light effects on rhizome morphogenesis in nutsedges (Cyperus spp): implications for control by soil solarization SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE methyl bromide alternatives; photomorphogenesis; CYPES; CYPRO; methyl bromide; purple nutsedge; Cyperus rotundus L.; yellow nutsedge; Cyperus esculentus L. ID PURPLE NUTSEDGE; WEED-CONTROL; ESCULENTUS; ROTUNDUS; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH AB Soil solarization is a process of soil disinfestation that involves solar heating of moist soil covered with transparent polyethylene film. This nonchemical approach to controlling soilborne pests is being investigated as an alternative to methyl bromide fumigation. Summer solarization controlled annual weed species and suppressed purple nutsedge. Although some nutsedge tubers sprouted despite the solarization treatment, the resulting shoots were almost always trapped under the clear solarization film. Conversely, in rows that were mulched with black film, nutsedge rhizomes punctured the film so that leaf expansion occurred above the film. In controlled pot experiments conducted in darkness, yellow nutsedge rhizomes readily penetrated 19- and 30-mu m clear films as effectively as opaque films. Thicker clear films and bubble film reduced nutsedge penetration. In the greenhouse and laboratory, nutsedge penetration of transparent polyethylene film was inversely related to irradiance levels when the film was in direct contact with the soil. However, when there was a 5- to 10-mm space between the soil and the film, the lowest irradiance level (30 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) was as effective as 320 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) in reducing penetration by purple nutsedge. The film penetration by nutsedge rhizomes appears to be linked to a light-dependent morphological change from rhizome growth to leaf development, which occurs before film penetration with clear mulch and after film penetration with opaque mulch. The alternate sprouting and foliar scorching of nutsedge shoots trapped under clear films could potentially be exploited to deplete nutsedge tubers that occur at soil depths that do not develop lethal temperatures under soil solarization. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol & Genet Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Gulf Coast Res & Educ Ctr, Bradenton, FL 34203 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Chase, CA (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol & Genet Lab, POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM cach@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu NR 20 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 46 IS 5 BP 575 EP 580 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 128YP UT WOS:000076436200014 ER PT J AU Williams, MM Mortensen, DA Doran, JW AF Williams, MM Mortensen, DA Doran, JW TI Assessment of weed and crop fitness in cover crop residues for integrated weed management SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE barley; hairy vetch; rye; triticale; wheat; germination; growth; relative fitness; nonchemical weed control; no-tillage; time of intervention; AMASS; SETSS; Amaranthus spp; Setaria spp; soybean; Glycine max (L.) Merr. 'Dunbar' ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; SECALE-CEREALE MULCH; SICKLEPOD SENNA-OBTUSIFOLIA; PIGWEED AMARANTHUS; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; SWEET CORN; RYE; GROWTH; EMERGENCE; TILLAGE AB Cover crop residues are not widely used for weed control because, as a stand-alone tactic, they do not effectively suppress all weeds and their duration of weed control is too short. Field experiments were conducted in 1995 and 1996, under both irrigated and rainfed conditions, to quantify Amaranthus spp., Setaria spp., and soybean emergence and growth in residues of fall-planted, spring-killed barley, rye, triticale, wheat, and hairy vetch. For both weed species, seedling emergence was reduced 3 wk after soybean planting by rye and wheat residues (greater than or equal to 2,170 kg ha(-1)) in 1996. In 1996, Amaranthus spp. canopy volume was reduced 38 to 71% by residues 3 wk after planting. Likewise, Setaria spp. canopy biomass was reduced 37 to 97% in residues 5 wk after planting over both years. The response comparison index was used to identify frequency by which weed growth was placed at a disadvantage relative to soybean growth. Amaranthus spp. and Setaria spp. growth suppressions 3 to 5 wk after planting indicate potential times for intervention with other integrated weed management tactics such as reduced postemergence herbicide rates and interrow cultivation C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Williams, MM (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM marty@mortsun.unl.edu NR 33 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 9 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 EI 1550-2759 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 46 IS 5 BP 595 EP 603 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 128YP UT WOS:000076436200017 ER PT J AU Lovell, CD Leopold, BD Shropshire, CC AF Lovell, CD Leopold, BD Shropshire, CC TI Trends in Mississippi predator populations, 1980-1995 SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE bobcat; coyote; gray fox; harvest; Mississippi; predators; survey; trapping ID UNITED-STATES; RANGE EXPANSION; COYOTES; WILDLIFE; ATTACKS; LOSSES AB Predator populations and conflicts of predators with humans have steadily increased in the past few decades. Numerous claims have been made that lack of trapping has resulted in increases in predator populations, but with little documentation. Demonstrating predator population increases is difficult, but necessary, if management of predators is to be justified to the public. Since 1980 the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks has conducted a statewide hunter survey. Information from the survey has been used in gathering statewide game harvest estimates and may be useful for monitoring population trends. Based on this survey, coyotes have experienced a 7.5-fold increase since 1980, while bobcat (Lynx rufus) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and gray fox (Urocyon cineroargenteus) populations have changed little during 1980-1995. Releases of coyotes (Canis latrans) by man and extirpation of native predators in the Southeast may be responsible for range expansion of coyotes. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi Dept Wildlife Fisheries & Pk, Jackson, MS 39205 USA. RP Lovell, CD (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, 126 Boardman Poland Rd, Youngstown, OH 44512 USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 1998 VL 26 IS 3 BP 552 EP 556 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 165MG UT WOS:000078524500019 ER PT J AU Mott, DF Glahn, JF Smith, PL Reinhold, DS Bruce, KJ Sloan, CA AF Mott, DF Glahn, JF Smith, PL Reinhold, DS Bruce, KJ Sloan, CA TI An evaluation of winter roost harassment for dispersing double-crested cormorants away from catfish production areas in Mississippi SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE catfish; double-crested cormorant; frightening; Ictalurus punctatus; Phalacrocorax auritus; roosting ID DELTA REGION; MOVEMENTS AB We evaluated the effectiveness of harassing wintering double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) at their night roost sites over a 3-winter period as a means of reducing their impact on the catfish industry in the Delta region of Mississippi. Cormorants were dispersed from night roost sites by persons firing pyrotechnics at the birds in the roost and at those flying towards the roost for a 2-hour period before sunset. Numbers of cormorants at intensely harassed roost sites were greatly reduced in comparison with numbers at roosts that were not harassed or less intensely harassed. Numbers of cormorants surveyed on or near catfish ponds in March also were reduced by greater than or equal to 70% during years of extensive harassment compared with numbers surveyed the year before harassment. Catfish producers within an area of intensive roost harassment perceived a reduction in problems with cormorant predation during the years of harassment as compared to previous years. Producers within this roost harassment area also reported spending less money on cormorant control on their farms. Those outside the roost-harassment area reported spending more. C1 USDA, Wildlife Serv Program, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA, APHIS, WS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Mott, DF (reprint author), USDA, Wildlife Serv Program, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, PO Drawer 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD FAL PY 1998 VL 26 IS 3 BP 584 EP 591 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 165MG UT WOS:000078524500025 ER PT J AU Linkhart, BD Reynolds, RT Ryder, RA AF Linkhart, BD Reynolds, RT Ryder, RA TI Home range and habitat of breeding flammulated owls in Colorado SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MOVEMENTS AB We used radiotelemetry to determine habitat use by Flammulated Owls (Otus flammeolus) during the breeding season on 452 ha of montane conifer forest in central Colorado in 1982-1983. Mean size and SD of home ranges was 11.1 +/- 1.9 ha (range = 8.5-12.5 ha, n = 4) in 1982 and 18.3 +/- 5.1 ha (range = 14.0-24.0 ha, n = 3) in 1983. Habitat use by nesting males was affected by distribution of old forests of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) mixed with Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), by topography, and by juxtaposition of home ranges of conspecifics. In spring, both new and returning owls settled into areas containing more old ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir than in other overstory types available in the study area. After settling, males foraged significantly more often in old ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir than in other overstory types available within home ranges. Eighty-one percent of foraging locations by males occurred in one to four intensive foraging areas within each home range. Mean size of intensive foraging areas was 0.5 +/- 0.4 ha (range = 0.1-1.4 ha). Eighty percent of intensive foraging areas consisted entirely of old ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir. Use of this overstory type by Flammulated Owls is probably related to its composition and structure, and prey availability. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Univ Colorado, Dept Environm Populat & Organism Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM linkhart@colorado.edu RI Reynolds, Richard/C-2190-2014 NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 110 IS 3 BP 342 EP 351 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 117QV UT WOS:000075794000006 ER PT J AU Saenz, D Conner, RN Shackelford, CE Rudolph, DC AF Saenz, D Conner, RN Shackelford, CE Rudolph, DC TI Pileated woodpecker damage to red-cockaded woodpecker cavity trees in eastern Texas SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN OREGON; RAT SNAKES; HABITAT; AGE AB We surveyed all known Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) cavity trees (n = 514) in the Angelina National Forest in eastern Texas for Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) damage. We compared the frequency of Pileated Woodpecker damage to Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity trees in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) habitat to damage in loblolly (P. taeda)-shortleaf (P. echinata) pine habitat. We also examined the effectiveness of restrictor plates in deterring Pileated Woodpecker enlargement of Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavities. Pileated Woodpecker damage was significantly greater in longleaf pine habitat than in the loblolly-shortleaf pine habitat in spite of census results showing similar abundance levels of Pileated Woodpeckers in the two forest types. We suggest that limited numbers of snags in the longleaf habitat may focus Pileated Woodpecker excavation on Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity trees, whereas a greater amount of midstory vegetation in the loblolly-shortleaf pine habitat may serve to reduce visibility, thereby lowering Pileated Woodpecker detection and destruction of Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavities. Restrictor plates were very effective in preventing Pileated Woodpecker enlargement of cavities. While restrictor plates are useful for protecting Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavities, they should be used only in small populations when cavities are in short supply. The Pileated Woodpecker plays an important role, especially in the longleaf ecosystem which is a relatively cavity-barren environment, by providing nesting sites for larger secondary cavity users, such as American Kestrels (Falco sparverius), Eastern Screech-Owls (Otus asio), and fox squirrels (Sciurus niger). C1 US Forest Serv, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, So Res Stn, USDA, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. Texas Partners Flight, Texas Parks & Wildlife Dept, Austin, TX 78744 USA. RP Saenz, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, So Res Stn, USDA, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. EM c_saenzd@titan.sfasu.edu NR 38 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD SEP PY 1998 VL 110 IS 3 BP 362 EP 367 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 117QV UT WOS:000075794000008 ER PT J AU McDaniel, CJ Dunn, BJ Weldon, PJ AF McDaniel, CJ Dunn, BJ Weldon, PJ TI Citronellol and citronellyl esters from the paracloacal glands of the broad-snouted caiman, Caiman latirostris (Crocodylia, reptilia) SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LIPIDS; SECRETIONS; TRIGONATUS AB The secretions of the paracloacal glands of an adult male broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) were analyzed by GC/MS. 3,7-Dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol (citronellol) and four citronellyl esters, with acid moieties ranging from two to five carbons, were identified. Squalene, beta-farnesene, and straight-chain esters also were observed. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. So Forest Expt Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Gulfport, MS 39505 USA. RP Weldon, PJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD SEP-OCT PY 1998 VL 53 IS 9-10 BP 932 EP 934 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 135FJ UT WOS:000076790000026 ER PT J AU Orts, WJ Godbout, L Marchessault, RH Revol, JF AF Orts, WJ Godbout, L Marchessault, RH Revol, JF TI Enhanced ordering of liquid crystalline suspensions of cellulose microfibrils: A small angle neutron scattering study SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; ORIENTATION; ALIGNMENT; BEHAVIOR; FORCES AB Small angle neutron scattering, SANS, was used to characterize the enhanced ordering induced by magnetic and shear alignment of chiral nematic liquid crystals of cellulose microfibrils in aqueous suspension. In a similar to 2 T magnetic field the chiral nematic phase exhibits a uniform orientation over an entire 10 mt sample. SANS data confirmed that the cholesteric axis of this phase aligns along the magnetic field with implications that the distance between microfibrils is shorter along the cholesteric axis than perpendicular to it. This is consistent with the hypothesis that cellulose microfibrils are helically twisted rods. Under shear flow, the alignment of microfibrils changes from chiral nematic to nematic with relative order increasing with increasing shear rate. The axial ratio (length/width) is the key parameter in determining the relative order achieved and in determining the relaxation behavior after shear ceases. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Chem, Pulp & Paper Res Ctr, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. McGill Univ, PAPRICAN, Montreal, PQ H3A 2A7, Canada. PAPRICAN, Pointe Claire, PQ H9R 3J9, Canada. RP Orts, WJ (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 28 TC 131 Z9 136 U1 4 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 25 PY 1998 VL 31 IS 17 BP 5717 EP 5725 DI 10.1021/ma9711452 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 114UY UT WOS:000075628600022 ER PT J AU Arthur, EL Anhalt, J Zhao, SH Kuratomi, M Moorman, TB Zablotowicz, RM Coats, JR AF Arthur, EL Anhalt, J Zhao, SH Kuratomi, M Moorman, TB Zablotowicz, RM Coats, JR TI Phytoremediation with microbial inoculation: Effects on aged pesticide mixtures in soil. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pesticide Toxicol Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 086-AGRO BP U109 EP U109 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900264 ER PT J AU Barbuzzi, EMG Weinstock, IA Cowan, JJ Wemple, MW Hill, CL AF Barbuzzi, EMG Weinstock, IA Cowan, JJ Wemple, MW Hill, CL TI Synthesis and self-buffering properties of equilibrium solutions of Na-6[AlVW11O40], a new water-soluble oxidation catalyst. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 639-INOR BP U193 EP U193 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WY UT WOS:000075235000638 ER PT J AU Behall, KM Hallfrisch, J AF Behall, KM Hallfrisch, J TI Beneficial effects of oat and barley foods on reduction of risk factors of cardiovascular disease. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 101-AGFD BP U54 EP U54 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900101 ER PT J AU Bel-Berger, P Von Hoven, T Tao, WY Triplett, B AF Bel-Berger, P Von Hoven, T Tao, WY Triplett, B TI Using image analysis for rapid and quantitative assessment of product quality: From fiber to fabric. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 056-CELL BP U346 EP U346 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900972 ER PT J AU Berhow, MA AF Berhow, MA TI Secondary metabolite phytonutrients found in grain crops and their application to beta-glucan products. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, REE, MWA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 122-AGFD BP U60 EP U60 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900122 ER PT J AU Beroza, M AF Beroza, M TI Research in the quest for safer insect pest management. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 043-AGRO BP U95 EP U95 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900221 ER PT J AU Bland, JM Vigo, CB AF Bland, JM Vigo, CB TI Isolation and characterization of a peanut protein associated with maturity/sensory quality. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 072-AGFD BP U46 EP U46 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900072 ER PT J AU Bond, JS Agarwal, UP Atalla, RH AF Bond, JS Agarwal, UP Atalla, RH TI Raman imaging of lignocellulosic materials. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 052-CELL BP U345 EP U345 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900968 ER PT J AU Buttery, RG AF Buttery, RG TI Flavor chemistry and sensory methods. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 125-AGFD BP U60 EP U61 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900125 ER PT J AU Carriere, CJ Inglett, GE AF Carriere, CJ Inglett, GE TI Z-Trim: Solution viscoelastic properties of fiber gels. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 123-AGFD BP U60 EP U60 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900123 ER PT J AU Carriere, CJ Inglett, GE AF Carriere, CJ Inglett, GE TI Nonlinear solution viscoelastic properties of amylolylic hydrolyzed oat-based beta-glucan-containing materials. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 120-AGFD BP U59 EP U59 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900120 ER PT J AU Carriere, CJ Inglett, GE AF Carriere, CJ Inglett, GE TI Solution viscoelastic properties of an oat-based beta-glucan-rich hydrocolloidal extractive: Nu-trim. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 117-AGFD BP U58 EP U58 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900117 ER PT J AU Celimene, CC Micales, JA Young, RA AF Celimene, CC Micales, JA Young, RA TI Toxicity of stilbenes from pine cones against white-rot and brown-rot fungi. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 010-CELL BP U333 EP U333 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900926 ER PT J AU Chung, SY Champagne, ET Burks, WA Bannon, GA AF Chung, SY Champagne, ET Burks, WA Bannon, GA TI Implication of Maillard reaction in peanut allergenicity. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 083-AGFD BP U49 EP U49 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900083 ER PT J AU Dailey, OD AF Dailey, OD TI Volatilization of alachlor from polymeric formulations. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 007-AGRO BP U84 EP U84 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900186 ER PT J AU Davis, PA Iwahashi, C Fitch, T Yokoyama, WH AF Davis, PA Iwahashi, C Fitch, T Yokoyama, WH TI Decreased colonic aberrant crypts by processed wheat bran compared to raw wheat bran. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 011-AGFD BP U28 EP U28 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900012 ER PT J AU Fishman, ML AF Fishman, ML TI Starch structure in neutral aqueous solution determined by size. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19118 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 149-AGFD BP U68 EP U68 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900149 ER PT J AU Gaffield, W Incardona, JP Kapur, RP Roelink, H AF Gaffield, W Incardona, JP Kapur, RP Roelink, H TI Mechanistic investigations of veratrum alkaloid-induced teratogenesis. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pathol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biol Struct, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 181-AGFD BP U77 EP U77 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900179 ER PT J AU Goldade, DA Jonston, JJ Griffin, DL Zaplen, DC AF Goldade, DA Jonston, JJ Griffin, DL Zaplen, DC TI A dual retention solid phase extraction HPLC method for the analysis of difethialone in biological matrices to support a wildlife secondary hazard study. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Denver, CO 80217 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 071-AGRO BP U104 EP U104 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900249 ER PT J AU Goldberg, S AF Goldberg, S TI Structure of adsorbed arsenic on oxides evaluated using vibrational spectroscopy, macroscopic measurements, and surface complexation modeling. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 026-GEOC BP U891 EP U891 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234902629 ER PT J AU Hallfrisch, J Behall, KH AF Hallfrisch, J Behall, KH TI Effects of oat and barley foods on risk factors for diabetes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 100-AGFD BP U54 EP U54 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900100 ER PT J AU Hasegawa, S AF Hasegawa, S TI Flavor and biological functions of citrus limonoids. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 042-AGFD BP U37 EP U37 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900042 ER PT J AU Heath, RR AF Heath, RR TI Interfacing analytical chemistry with entomology to solve agriculture insect pest problems. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, SAA, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 047-AGRO BP U97 EP U97 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900225 ER PT J AU Holtzapple, CK Buckley, SA Stanker, LH AF Holtzapple, CK Buckley, SA Stanker, LH TI Determination of four fluoroquinolones in milk by automated immunoaffinity column clean-up coupled on-line to liquid chromatography. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 009-AGRO BP U84 EP U84 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900188 ER PT J AU Inglett, GE AF Inglett, GE TI Nu-Trim, a new beta-glucan-rich hydrocolloid as a phytonutrient for increasing health benefits of functional foods. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biopolymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 096-AGFD BP U52 EP U52 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900096 ER PT J AU Jacks, TJ Rajasekaran, K Cary, JW De Lucca, AJ Cleveland, TE AF Jacks, TJ Rajasekaran, K Cary, JW De Lucca, AJ Cleveland, TE TI Microbial defense in plants transformed with haloperoxidase: Organic peracids. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 013-AGRO BP U86 EP U86 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900192 ER PT J AU Johns, MM Marshall, WE Toles, CA AF Johns, MM Marshall, WE Toles, CA TI Pecan shell carbons made from different activation strategies. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 029-FUEL BP U841 EP U841 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234902473 ER PT J AU Knuckles, BE Chiu, MC Inglett, GE AF Knuckles, BE Chiu, MC Inglett, GE TI Physical characteristics of beta-glucans in oat bran and barley products. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 118-AGFD BP U58 EP U59 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900118 ER PT J AU LaCroix, DE Wolf, WR AF LaCroix, DE Wolf, WR TI Intra-laboratory comparison of two extraction/LC methods for the determination of niacin in SRM 1846 Infant Formula SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 058-AGFD BP U42 EP U42 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900058 ER PT J AU LeNoir, J Aston, L Datta, S Fellers, G McConnell, L Seiber, J AF LeNoir, J Aston, L Datta, S Fellers, G McConnell, L Seiber, J TI Pesticides and PCBs in Sierra Nevada ecosystems: Potential relationship to decline of amphibians. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Reno, NV USA. Pacific Toxicol Labs, Los Angeles, CA USA. Point Reyes Natl Seashore, Natl Biol Serv, Point Reyes, CA USA. USDA ARS, AEQI, Beltsville, MD USA. RI McConnell, Laura/H-1519-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 114-ENVR BP U794 EP U794 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234902334 ER PT J AU Malin, EL Alaimo, MH Brown, EM Farrell, HM Germann, MW Dudley, RL McSweeney, PLH Fox, PF AF Malin, EL Alaimo, MH Brown, EM Farrell, HM Germann, MW Dudley, RL McSweeney, PLH Fox, PF TI Solution structures of casein peptides: NMR, CD, FTIR, and molecular modeling studies of alpha(s1)-casein, 1-23. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Cork, Ireland. RI German, Markus/L-1531-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 024-BIOL BP U212 EP U212 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900581 ER PT J AU Maneepun, S Boonpunt, T Inglett, GE AF Maneepun, S Boonpunt, T Inglett, GE TI Sensory and nutritional evaluation of co-processed Nu-Trim OB and soy flour in Thai dishes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Kasetsart Univ, Inst Food Res & Prod Dev, Bangkok 10903, Thailand. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biopolymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 099-AGFD BP U53 EP U53 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900099 ER PT J AU Maneepun, S Vatanasuchart, N Inglett, GE AF Maneepun, S Vatanasuchart, N Inglett, GE TI Nu-Trim OB, a substitute for coconut cream in Thai desserts: A sensory and nutritional evaluation. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Kasetsart Univ, Inst Food Res & Prod Dev, Bangkok 10903, Thailand. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biopolymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 098-AGFD BP U53 EP U53 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900098 ER PT J AU Manthey, JA Grohmann, K Montanari, A Ash, K Manthey, CL AF Manthey, JA Grohmann, K Montanari, A Ash, K Manthey, CL TI Methoxylated citrus flavones suppress cytokine expression by monocytes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, USDA, SAA, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. Amgen Inc, Dept Biol, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 050-MEDI BP U216 EP U216 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WY UT WOS:000075235000701 ER PT J AU Marshall, WE Wartelle, LH Boler, DE Johns, MM Toles, CA AF Marshall, WE Wartelle, LH Boler, DE Johns, MM Toles, CA TI Enhanced metals adsorption by soybean hulls modified with citric acid SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 144-ENVR BP U804 EP U804 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234902364 ER PT J AU Mastro, VC Leonhardt, B AF Mastro, VC Leonhardt, B TI Disparlure, the basis for national and international programs. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Otis Plant Protect Ctr, Otis ANGB, MA USA. USDA ARS, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 045-AGRO BP U96 EP U96 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900223 ER PT J AU McFeeters, RF Zhou, A Fleming, HP AF McFeeters, RF Zhou, A Fleming, HP TI Volatile components of fermented and non-fermented brined cucumbers determined by dynamic headspace sampling and GC-MS. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 160-AGFD BP U71 EP U71 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900160 ER PT J AU McFeeters, RF AF McFeeters, RF TI Retention of firmness in cucumbers stored without sodium chloride in acidified cover solutions with sulfite. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 059-AGFD BP U42 EP U42 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900059 ER PT J AU Meagher, LP Beecher, GR Flanagan, V Li, BW AF Meagher, LP Beecher, GR Flanagan, V Li, BW TI Analysis of lignans in foods SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, BHNRC, Food Composit Lab, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 034-AGFD BP U34 EP U34 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900034 ER PT J AU Moats, WA AF Moats, WA TI Determination of tetracycline antibiotics in beef and pork tissues using ion-paired liquid chromatography. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 010-AGRO BP U85 EP U85 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900189 ER PT J AU Molyneux, RJ Mahoney, N Campbell, BC AF Molyneux, RJ Mahoney, N Campbell, BC TI Anti-aflatoxigenic phytochemical constituents of Pistacia and Juglans species. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 176-AGFD BP U75 EP U76 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900174 ER PT J AU Nash, RJ Watson, AA Asano, N Winchester, B Molyneux, RJ Stegelmeier, BL AF Nash, RJ Watson, AA Asano, N Winchester, B Molyneux, RJ Stegelmeier, BL TI Calystegine alkaloids in the potato and other food plants SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Inst Grassland & Environm Res, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, Wales. Hokuriku Univ, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 92011, Japan. Univ London, Inst Child Hlth, London WC1N 1EH, England. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 167-AGFD BP U73 EP U73 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900167 ER PT J AU Panter, KE Gardner, DR James, LF Stegelmeier, BL Molyneux, RJ AF Panter, KE Gardner, DR James, LF Stegelmeier, BL Molyneux, RJ TI Recent research on poisonous plants that affect reproduction in livestock. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 180-AGFD BP U77 EP U77 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900178 ER PT J AU Perrino, CT Pavlath, A AF Perrino, CT Pavlath, A TI Preparation and characterization of ammonium alginate films. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 070-AGFD BP U45 EP U45 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900070 ER PT J AU Pesacreta, T Greene, F Groom, L AF Pesacreta, T Greene, F Groom, L TI Imaging and quantification of surface roughness of processed wood fibers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ SW Louisiana, Microscopy Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. US Forest Serv, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 050-CELL BP U345 EP U345 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900966 ER PT J AU Primus, TM Kohler, DJ Johnston, J AF Primus, TM Kohler, DJ Johnston, J TI Novel field sampling procedure for the determination of methiocarb residues in surface waters from rice fields. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 002-AGRO BP U82 EP U82 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900181 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Cao, GH Inglett, G AF Prior, RL Cao, GH Inglett, G TI Antioxidant capacity of cereal grain ingredients and commercial breakfast cereals. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Midwest Area, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 119-AGFD BP U59 EP U59 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900119 ER PT J AU Rendleman, JA AF Rendleman, JA TI Hydrolytic action of alpha-amylase on high-amylose starch derived from alpha-cyclodextrin. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, Biopolymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61601 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 031-AGFD BP U33 EP U34 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900031 ER PT J AU Rials, TG Kelley, SS AF Rials, TG Kelley, SS TI Morphology and properties of modified cellulose ester membranes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 059-CELL BP U347 EP U347 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900975 ER PT J AU Ribando, CP AF Ribando, CP TI Trim technology: Patents, licenses, and technology transfer SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Off Technol Transfer, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 124-AGFD BP U60 EP U60 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900124 ER PT J AU Rice, PJ McConnell, LL McCarty, GW Isensee, AR Sadeghi, AM Starr, JL Paltineanu, IC Teasdale, JR Coffman, CB Abdul-Baki, AA Rice, CP Hapeman, CJ AF Rice, PJ McConnell, LL McCarty, GW Isensee, AR Sadeghi, AM Starr, JL Paltineanu, IC Teasdale, JR Coffman, CB Abdul-Baki, AA Rice, CP Hapeman, CJ TI Assessing the impact of vegetable production on the environment: Agrochemicals and sediment in runoff from plastic mulch versus vegetative mulch. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI McConnell, Laura/H-1519-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 092-AGRO BP U111 EP U111 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900270 ER PT J AU Rimando, AM Dayan, FE Streibig, JC Weston, LA Duke, SO AF Rimando, AM Dayan, FE Streibig, JC Weston, LA Duke, SO TI 5-ethoxy-sorgoleone: A novel natural phytotoxin from Sorghum bicolor. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, USDA, NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Kentucky, Dept Hort, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009; Streibig, Jens Carl/G-5959-2014; Weston, Leslie/M-4557-2015 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499; Streibig, Jens Carl/0000-0002-6204-4004; Weston, Leslie/0000-0002-1029-7982 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 067-AGFD BP U44 EP U44 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900067 ER PT J AU Sessa, DJ Wing, RE AF Sessa, DJ Wing, RE TI Metal chelation of corn protein products/citric acid derivatives generated via reactive extrusion. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 017-FERT BP U818 EP U818 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234902409 ER PT J AU Sheng, Q Erhan, SZ AF Sheng, Q Erhan, SZ TI Synthesis and characterization of copolymer of dodecyl methacrylate/styrene containing amidine functional group. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 168-POLY BP U50 EP U50 PN 3 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WZ UT WOS:000075235100168 ER PT J AU Shier, WT Tiefel, PA Abbas, HK AF Shier, WT Tiefel, PA Abbas, HK TI Current research on mycotoxins: Fumonisins. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Med Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 177-AGFD BP U76 EP U76 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900175 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, CF Renner-Nantz, JJ Yokoyama, WH AF Shoemaker, CF Renner-Nantz, JJ Yokoyama, WH TI Current chromatographic columns for separating starches to determine molar mass and size of starch polymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 153-AGFD BP U69 EP U69 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900153 ER PT J AU Shogren, RL AF Shogren, RL TI Preparation and characterization of a biodegradable mulch: Paper coated with polymerized vegetable oils. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 037-POLY BP U12 EP U12 PN 3 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WZ UT WOS:000075235100038 ER PT J AU Solaiman, DKY Ashby, R Foglia, TA AF Solaiman, DKY Ashby, R Foglia, TA TI Production and characterization of microbial poly(hydroxyalkanoates) from agricultural lipids. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, USDA, NAA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 182-POLY BP U54 EP U54 PN 3 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WZ UT WOS:000075235100181 ER PT J AU Striegel, AM Plattner, RD Willett, JL AF Striegel, AM Plattner, RD Willett, JL TI Effect of branching on the chromatographic behavior of dendrimers vs. linear polysaccharides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 355-POLY BP U105 EP U106 PN 3 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WZ UT WOS:000075235100353 ER PT J AU Takeoka, GR AF Takeoka, GR TI Flavor chemistry of vegetables. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 108-AGFD BP U56 EP U56 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900108 ER PT J AU Tellez, MR Canel, C Duke, SO Rimando, A AF Tellez, MR Canel, C Duke, SO Rimando, A TI Comparison of the essential oil of Artemisia annua L. and a chemotype of A. annua L. without glandular trichomes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Dev Nat Prod, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 074-AGFD BP U46 EP U46 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900074 ER PT J AU Toles, CA Marshall, WE Johns, MM AF Toles, CA Marshall, WE Johns, MM TI Nutshell carbons from phosphoric acid activation: Physical, chemical and adsorptive properties of the carbons SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 030-FUEL BP U841 EP U841 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234902474 ER PT J AU Tunick, MH Van Hekken, DL Smith, PW Malin, EL Holsinger, VH AF Tunick, MH Van Hekken, DL Smith, PW Malin, EL Holsinger, VH TI Characteristics of mozzarella cheese made with nonfat dry milk or calcium caseinate. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 056-AGFD BP U41 EP U41 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900056 ER PT J AU Warner, K Inglett, GE AF Warner, K Inglett, GE TI Flavor and texture characteristics of foods containing Nu-Trim oat bran hydrocolloid. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 097-AGFD BP U53 EP U53 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900097 ER PT J AU Wartelle, LH Marshall, WE Toles, CA Johns, MM AF Wartelle, LH Marshall, WE Toles, CA Johns, MM TI Evaluation of nutshell carbons as adsorbents for thermal desorption/gas chromatographic analysis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 064-ANYL BP U158 EP U158 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900406 ER PT J AU Weil, J Dien, B Bothast, R Hendrickson, R Ladisch, M AF Weil, J Dien, B Bothast, R Hendrickson, R Ladisch, M TI Removal of fermentation inhibitors by polymeric adsorbents. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Purdue Univ, Renewable Resources Engn Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 099-BIOT BP U266 EP U266 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900752 ER PT J AU Weinstock, IA Wemple, MW Barbuzzi, EMG Cowan, JJ Reiner, RS Sullivan, CS Houtman, CJ Reichel, SE Springer, EL Heintz, R Atalla, RH Hill, CL AF Weinstock, IA Wemple, MW Barbuzzi, EMG Cowan, JJ Reiner, RS Sullivan, CS Houtman, CJ Reichel, SE Springer, EL Heintz, R Atalla, RH Hill, CL TI Homogeneous catalytic oxidation by dioxygen in water by equilibrium solutions of heteropolytungstates: Reactivity of Na-6[SiV2W10O40] and Na-6[AlVW11O40], a new group III Keggin heterupolyanion. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RI Houtman, Carl/I-4469-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 638-INOR BP U192 EP U192 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WY UT WOS:000075235000637 ER PT J AU Willett, JL AF Willett, JL TI The role of particle-matrix adhesion in starch-filled composite materials. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 215-POLY BP U64 EP U64 PN 3 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WZ UT WOS:000075235100214 ER PT J AU Wing, RE Sessa, DJ AF Wing, RE Sessa, DJ TI Biopolymer citrates: Preparation and ion exchange properties. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 401-POLY BP U120 EP U120 PN 3 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WZ UT WOS:000075235100401 ER PT J AU Yates, MV Green, RL Gan, J Yates, SR Wang, D AF Yates, MV Green, RL Gan, J Yates, SR Wang, D TI Measurement and model prediction of pesticide partitioning in field-scale turfgrass plots. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 134-AGRO BP U125 EP U125 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900311 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, WH Knuckles, BE Chiu, MC Inglett, GE AF Yokoyama, WH Knuckles, BE Chiu, MC Inglett, GE TI Plasma cholesterol reduction in hamsters by dietary fiber fractions of oat and barley. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 23 PY 1998 VL 216 MA 102-AGFD BP U54 EP U54 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 107WX UT WOS:000075234900102 ER PT J AU Ralph, J Zhang, YS Ede, RM AF Ralph, J Zhang, YS Ede, RM TI Preparation of synthetic lignins with superior NMR characteristics via isotopically labeled monolignols SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-PERKIN TRANSACTIONS 1 LA English DT Article ID CONIFERYL ALCOHOL; SHIFT CORRELATION; C-13-NMR SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPY; H-1-NMR AB Synthetic lignins are particularly valuable for studying aspects of lignification, plant cell wall cross-linking, and lignin structure. If they are not too highly polymeric, they are soluble in normal Lignin solvents and amenable to solution-state NMR studies. However, in the application of inverse-detected correlation experiments, particularly the popular HMQC and HMBC experiments, the spectra have annoying T-1-noise ridges. These artifacts make it difficult to locate correlation peaks that are near the methoxy signal in the proton dimension. One solution is to use gradient-enhanced NMR but that requires additional hardware that is not yet ubiquitous. An alternative is to produce monolignols in which the atoms of the methoxy group are NMR-invisible. We have accomplished this by preparing coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols using C-13-depleted deuterated methyl iodide ((C2H3I)-C-12). The methods, which incorporate steps simpler than have been used previously for labeled monolignols, are sufficiently low cost and straightforward that these monomers can be utilized for any synthetic lignins destined for NMR studies. The NMR spectra of lignins derived from these 'methoxy-less' monomers are markedly superior to their normal-monomer counterparts. Several popular NMR experiments are illustrated for synthetic lignins derived from normal vs. isotopically labeled coniferyl alcohol, along with some useful experiments that have not been seen in lignin-related publications to date. C1 ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Pharm, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Waikato, Dept Chem, Hamilton, New Zealand. RP Ralph, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0300-922X J9 J CHEM SOC PERK T 1 JI J. Chem. Soc.-Perkin Trans. 1 PD AUG 21 PY 1998 IS 16 BP 2609 EP 2613 DI 10.1039/a803281e PG 5 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 115KT UT WOS:000075664000024 ER PT J AU Gardiner, ES Hodges, JD AF Gardiner, ES Hodges, JD TI Growth and biomass distribution of cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.) seedlings as influenced by light availability SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bottomland hardwood; regeneration; root/stem ratio ID NORTHERN RED OAK; RUBRA; FOREST; SHADE; REPRODUCTION; REGENERATION; COMPETITION; DYNAMICS; EXCHANGE; STANDS AB Cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.) seedlings were established and raised in the field under four light levels (100%, 53%, 27% or 8% of full sunlight) to study the effects of light availability on their shoot growth, biomass accumulation, and biomass distribution. After two growing seasons, greatest stem growth was observed on seedlings which received intermediate light levels, and this growth was associated to a greater accumulation of total seedling biomass and a distribution pattern which balanced accumulation of root and shoot biomass. In contrast, less biomass accumulation and a biomass distribution pattern that favored root growth over stem growth were characteristic of seedlings receiving full sunlight. These results suggest that regeneration of cherrybark oak on mesic sites may be limited by preferential root growth, but reproduction of this species may be amenable to silvicultural practices that improve the light environment through stand manipulation. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, So Hardwoods Lab, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Anderson Tully, Memphis, TN 38101 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Ctr Forestry & Wildlife Res, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Gardiner, ES (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Hardwoods Lab, USDA, POB 227, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 34 TC 52 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 20 PY 1998 VL 108 IS 1-2 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00220-5 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 104JE UT WOS:000075010300012 ER PT J AU During, A Albaugh, G Smith, JC AF During, A Albaugh, G Smith, JC TI Characterization of beta-carotene 15,15 '-dioxygenase activity in TC7 clone of human intestinal cell line Caco-2 SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ENZYMATIC CLEAVAGE; CORPUS-LUTEUM; METABOLISM; QUANTITATION; ANTIOXIDANTS; SEPARATION; CONVERSION; ASSAY; RISK AB The purpose of this study was to identify mammalian cell line(s) which possess intrinsic enzymatic activity of beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase. This enzyme (EC1.13.11.21) converts p-carotene to retinal (precursor of retinol and retinoic acid). To assess activity, cellular enzyme preparations were incubated with p-carotene for 60 min; retinal formed was quantified by HPLC. Activity was not detected in IPEC-1, HepG2, HL60, Wurzburg, or parent Caco-2 cell lines. However, two subclones of Caco-2, PF11 and TC7, possessed activity (2.5 and 14.7 pmol/h.mg, respectively). Using the enzyme preparation of TC7 cells, retinal formation was linear with incubation time and protein concentration; Km and Vm values were 1.6 mu M and 23.8 pmol/h.mg, respectively. In addition, when TC7 cells were maintained in serum-free medium, activity was increased 8.2-fold after 19 days of postconfluency. Finally, 48 h incubation with beta-carotene (delivered to TC7 cells in Tween 40) resulted in a 1.7-fold increase of dioxygenase activity and the appearance of vitamin A (9.3 pmol/mg protein). However, retinoic acid was not detected under our experimental conditions. In sum, the TC7 subclone of the Caco-2 cell line possesses p-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase activity and thus can be useful in future investigations of human carotenoid metabolism. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP During, A (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI During, Alexandrine/I-5405-2015; OI During, Alexandrine/0000-0002-6878-0870 NR 35 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD AUG 19 PY 1998 VL 249 IS 2 BP 467 EP 474 DI 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9160 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 112VT UT WOS:000075515900031 PM 9712720 ER PT J AU Gan, JB Kolison, SH Miller, JH Hargrove, TM AF Gan, JB Kolison, SH Miller, JH Hargrove, TM TI Effects of site preparation on timber and non-timber values of loblolly pine plantations SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE economic analysis; contingent valuation; multi-attribute assessment; national forest; regeneration AB This study evaluated the timber and non-timber values of the forest stands generated by four site preparation methods tested in the Tuskegee National Forest 15 yr earlier. The timber values of the forest stands were assessed with the timber yields predicted by the SE TWIGS model. Non-timber benefits were evaluated through the Contingent Valuation Method. Two hundred residents randomly selected from three counties surrounding or near the National Forest were interviewed. The survey results indicate that the majority (62%) of the respondents felt that the National Forest should be managed for both timber and non-timber products. Of the four site preparation methods, the soil-active herbicide method was projected to produce the highest timber value. For non-timber benefits, the respondents preferred the forest stand without site preparation to those generated using chainsaw felling, soil-active herbicide, and tree injection methods. When both timber and non-timber values are considered, no site preparation is in general the best alternative that seems to meet the desires of the various groups of citizens with different or even conflicting preferences over timber and non-timber products. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Tuskegee Univ, Dept Agr Sci, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. Auburn Univ, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Gan, JB (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Dept Agr Sci, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 17 PY 1998 VL 107 IS 1-3 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00321-6 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZT226 UT WOS:000074062800003 ER PT J AU Negron, JF AF Negron, JF TI Probability of infestation and extent of mortality associated with the Douglas-fir beetle in the Colorado Front Range SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Dendroctonus pseudotsugae; bark beetles; scolytidae; risk; hazard ID WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM; DENDROCTONUS-PSEUDOTSUGAE HOPKINS; MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; HIGH-RISK STANDS; TUSSOCK MOTH; KENAI PENINSULA; STARCH CONTENT; CLASSIFICATION; HAZARD; ATTACK AB Infested and uninfested areas within Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France, stands affected by the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopk. were sampled in the Colorado Front Range. CO. Classification tree models were built to predict probabilities of infestation. Regression trees and linear regression analysis were used to model amount of tree mortality in terms of basal area killed in infested stands. Classification trees had cross-validation estimates of classification accuracy ranging from 0.55 to 0.63. The data suggests that Douglas-fir beetle-attacked stands contain a high percentage of the basal area represented by Douglas-fir, high tree densities, and poor growth during the last 5 years prior to attack. Trees prone to attack by the Douglas-fir beetle within infested points also exhibited reduced growth rates. Tree and linear regression analysis indicate that initial amount of Douglas-fir basal area can be used as a predictor variable for the amount of basal area affected. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Negron, JF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 58 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD AUG 17 PY 1998 VL 107 IS 1-3 BP 71 EP 85 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00319-8 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZT226 UT WOS:000074062800005 ER PT J AU Shen, SG Sulter, G Jeffries, TW Cregg, JM AF Shen, SG Sulter, G Jeffries, TW Cregg, JM TI A strong nitrogen source-regulated promoter for controlled expression of foreign genes in the yeast Pichia pastoris SO GENE LA English DT Article DE heterologous gene expression; expression vector; beta-lactamase reporter; methylotrophic yeast; methanol metabolism; methylamine ID DEPENDENT FORMALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; CLASS-III ALCOHOL; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CANDIDA-BOIDINII; PEROXISOMES; METHANOL; CLONING; OXIDASE; GROWTH; CARBON AB In methylotrophic yeasts, glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FLD) is a key enzyme required for the metabolism of methanol as a carbon source and certain alkylated amines such as methylamine as nitrogen sources. We describe the isolation and characterization of the FLD1 gene from the yeast Pichia pastoris. The gene contains a single short intron with typical yeast-splicing signals near its 5' end, the first intron to be demonstrated in this yeast. The predicted FLD1 product (Fld1p) is a protein of 379 amino acids (approx. 40 kDa) with 71% identity to the FLD protein sequence from the n-alkane-assimilating yeast Candida maltosa and 61-65% identity with dehydrogenase class III enzymes from humans and other higher eukaryotes. Using p-lactamase as a reporter, we show that the FLD1 promoter (P-FLD1) is strongly and independently induced by either methanol as sole carbon source (with ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source) or methylamine as sole nitrogen source (with glucose as carbon source). Furthermore, with either methanol or methylamine induction, levels of p-lactamase produced under control of P-FLD1 are comparable to those obtained with the commonly used alcohol oxidase I gene promoter (P-AOX1). Thus, P-FLD1 is an attractive alternative to P-AOX1 for expression of foreign genes in P. pastoris, allowing the investigator a choice of carbon (methanol) or nitrogen source (methylamine) regulation with the same expression strain. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon Grad Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Portland, OR 97291 USA. Univ Groningen, Dept Microbiol, Groningen Biomol Sci & Biotechnol Inst, NL-9751 NN Haren, Netherlands. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Cregg, JM (reprint author), Oregon Grad Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, POB 91000, Portland, OR 97291 USA. EM cregg@bmb.ogi.edu RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK43698] NR 30 TC 83 Z9 106 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD AUG 17 PY 1998 VL 216 IS 1 BP 93 EP 102 DI 10.1016/S0378-1119(98)00315-1 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 114JY UT WOS:000075606600011 PM 9714758 ER PT J AU Manning, BA Fendorf, SE Goldberg, S AF Manning, BA Fendorf, SE Goldberg, S TI Surface structures and stability of arsenic(III) on goethite: Spectroscopic evidence for inner-sphere complexes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; AMORPHOUS IRON HYDROXIDE; ABINITIO CALCULATIONS; PHASE FUNCTIONS; ALPHA-FEOOH; ARSENATE; ADSORPTION; SEDIMENTS; SORPTION AB The adsorption and stability of arsenite [As(111)] on goethite (alpha-FeOOH) was investigated using a combination of standard batch techniques and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The reactivity of As(111) with alpha-FeOOH at varying pH and As(111) concentration provided macroscopic evidence for strong complexation on the alpha-FeOOH surface. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy gave an average As(lll)-Fe interatomic distance of 3.378 +/- 0.014 Angstrom, which is indicative of bidentate binuclear bridging As(111) complexes on the alpha-FeOOH surface and which is similar to other oxyanions which adsorb on alpha-FeOOH by an inner-sphere mechanism. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis indicated that the As(111)-alpha-FeOOH surface complex is stable toward heterogeneous oxidation to As(V), as determined by the energy position of the X-ray absorption edge. The structural information from EXAFS was included in the description of As(111) adsorption on the alpha-FeOOH surface using a surface complexation model (the constant capacitance model). These results suggest that As(111) surface complex formation on iron(111) oxides may play an important role in the environmental behavior of arsenic. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Idaho, Soil Sci Div, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Manning, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 44 TC 479 Z9 502 U1 20 U2 168 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 16 BP 2383 EP 2388 DI 10.1021/es9802201 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 110KX UT WOS:000075380800004 ER PT J AU Gan, J Yates, SR Becker, JO Wang, D AF Gan, J Yates, SR Becker, JO Wang, D TI Surface amendment of fertilizer ammonium thiosulfate to reduce methyl bromide emission from soil SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UREASE INHIBITOR; VOLATILIZATION AB Emission of methyl bromide (CH3Br) from soil fumigation contributes to stratospheric ozone depletion and imposes adverse, toxicological effects on humans. We report the identification of fertilizer ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) as a potential surface amendment to reduce CH3Br volatilization from fumigated soils. In ATS-amended soil, CH3Br was rapidly degraded to Br-, with the degradation rate dependent on the ATS:CH3Br molar ratio and soil temperature, At 20 degrees C, the half-life of CH3Br in an Arlington sandy loam was >5 d, but was reduced to <5 h when 4 molar times of ATS was amended. Greatly reduced CH3Br emission was observed from soil columns when Thio-Sul, a 60% ATS fertilizer, was applied:to the soil surface at 660 kg ha(-1). The emission of CH3Br from the unamended column was 61% bf the applied dosage following a 30-cm injection, but that from the ATS-treated columns was <10%. Field study showed that ATS amendment at 660 kg ha(-1) only had a limited effect on the efficacy for controlling nematodes and weeds. As ATS is an inexpensive fertilizer, the reported approach is promising for field application. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Nematol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Gan, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 25 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 16 BP 2438 EP 2441 DI 10.1021/es9707318 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 110KX UT WOS:000075380800012 ER PT J AU Somkuti, GA Solaiman, DKY Steinberg, DH AF Somkuti, GA Solaiman, DKY Steinberg, DH TI Molecular characterization of the erythromycin resistance plasmid pPV142 from Staphylococcus simulans SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Staphylococcus simulans plasmid; erythromycin resistance plasmid ID STREPTOGRAMIN-B RESISTANCE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; STREPTOMYCIN-RESISTANCE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; MESSENGER-RNA; HYICUS; LINCOSAMIDE; MACROLIDE; AUREUS; DNA AB The 2.5-kb erythromycin resistance (Em(R)) plasmid pPV142 of Staphylococcus simulans 13044 was isolated and characterized. Sequence analysis identified ORF1 and ORF2 encoding a 158-residue replication protein (Rep142) and a 244-residue erythromycin resistance protein (Erm, rRNA adenine N-6-methyltransferase), respectively. Structural analysis and Southern hybridization showed that the rep and ermM genes in pPV142 shared homology with the EmR plasmid pPV 141 (2.4 kb) of S. chromogenes 3688 and other EmR plasmids known to exist in staphylococci and bacilli. Based on the presence of a 61-bp repeat upstream of the ermM gene, pPV142 is apparently a unique member of the pSN2 family of EmR plasmids able to express erythromycin resistance constitutively. (C) 1998 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Somkuti, GA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 1998 VL 165 IS 2 BP 281 EP 288 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13158.x PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 112TG UT WOS:000075509800009 PM 9742700 ER PT J AU Albibi, R Chen, J Lamikanra, O Banks, D Jarret, RL Smith, BJ AF Albibi, R Chen, J Lamikanra, O Banks, D Jarret, RL Smith, BJ TI RAPD fingerprinting Xylella fastidiosa Pierce's disease strains isolated from a vineyard in north Florida SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE fingerprinting; grape; Pierce's disease; RAPD; Vitis; Xylella fastidiosa ID ARBITRARY PRIMERS; PLANTS; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; GRAPEVINE; BACTERIA AB Pierce's disease (PD) strains of Xylella fastidiosa were identified by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting. Two random primers including OPA-03 (agtcagccac) and OPA-11 (caatcgccgt) were found to be efficient for differentiating PD strains isolated from a vineyard in North Florida in 1996 (129 strains) and 1997 (29 strains) from non-PD strains of X,fastidiosa (citrus variegated chlorosis, mulberry leaf scorch, periwinkle wilt, plum leaf scald, and phony peach) and strains from;Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and Escherichia coli. This study shows that RAPD fingerprinting is a useful tool to supplement the conventional symptoms-colony morphology-slow growth identification procedure routinely used to identify the PD pathogen. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Florida A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. USDA ARS, Dept Plant Intro, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Viticultural Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Viticultural Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 1998 VL 165 IS 2 BP 347 EP 352 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13168.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 112TG UT WOS:000075509800019 ER PT J AU Miota, F Scharf, ME Ono, M Marcon, P Meinke, LJ Wright, RJ Chandler, LD Siegfried, BD AF Miota, F Scharf, ME Ono, M Marcon, P Meinke, LJ Wright, RJ Chandler, LD Siegfried, BD TI Mechanisms of methyl and ethyl parathion resistance in the western corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corn rootworm; resistance; methyl parathion ID BLATTELLA-GERMANICA L; COCKROACH AB The mechanisms of methyl parathion and ethyl parathion resistance were studied in two populations (Phelps and York) of western corn rootworm adults (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte). Results of these studies indicate that the resistance is due to the combined effects of metabolic detoxification and target site insensitivity and that different processes are involved in conferring resistance in the two resistant populations. Resistance to methyl parathion is partially suppressible by the hydrolytic enzyme inhibitor DEF in both resistant populations, suggesting involvement of hydrolytic enzymes, and is in agreement with the increased general esterase activity toward naphtholic ester substrates observed in both resistant populations. Resistance was also partially suppressed by the monooxygenase inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO), but only in the York population. This suppression of the resistance by PBO is consistent with the significantly higher cytochrome P-450-dependent activities (epoxidation and N-demethylation) that were observed in the York population. In vivo metabolism experiments with C-14-labeled ethyl parathion confirm involvement of metabolic detoxification in the resistance based on differences in the rates of metabolite formation in both resistant populations. However, the York and Phelps populations again displayed significant differences in the overall pharmacokinetics and profiles of metabolite formation, indicating that the two populations employ different resistance mechanisms. Comparison of acetylcholinesterase inhibition by methyl paraoxon among the resistant and susceptible populations indicated that only the Phelps population possessed a decrease in sensitivity to inhibition (twofold). Therefore, we conclude that increased metabolic detoxication by NADPH-dependent monooxygenases and general esterases confers resistance to the York population, while acetylcholinesterase insensitivity and hydrolytic metabolism interact to confer resistance in the Phelps population. (C) 1988 Academic Press. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, S Cent Res & Extens Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. ARS, USDA, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Siegfried, BD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, 202 Plant Ind Bldg, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 25 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD AUG 15 PY 1998 VL 61 IS 1 BP 39 EP 52 DI 10.1006/pest.1998.2348 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 108TV UT WOS:000075282300005 ER PT J AU Richmond, KE Chenault, K Sherwood, JL German, TL AF Richmond, KE Chenault, K Sherwood, JL German, TL TI Characterization of the nucleic acid binding properties of tomato spotted wilt virus nucleocapsid protein SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA; S-RNA; SEGMENT; CELLS; BUNYAVIRUS; SEQUENCE; INVITRO AB Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) is the type member of the plant-infecting viruses of the genus Tospovirus in the family Bunyaviridae. The three TSWV RNAs are encapsidated with nucleocapsid (N) protein to form ribonucleoprotein (RNP) which serves as the template for viral transcription and replication. Regions of the open reading frame coding for the N protein on the small (S) RNA were subcloned into pET protein expression vectors and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. Full-length N, N amino and carboxy halves, and two N carboxy-terminal regions were expressed and isolated by metal chelate affinity chromatography. The N protein, both of its halves and the extreme carboxy-terminal region, bound cooperatively and irrespective of sequence to radiolabeled single-stranded RNA produced by runoff transcription of clones of either TSWV S RNA or cowpea chlorotic mottle virus RNA3. N protein did not bind to radiolabeled double-stranded TSWV RNA. The density of the synthetic RNase-sensitive N protein-RNA complexes was 1.32 g/ml, similar to the density of authentic Bunyaviridae RNPs. These studies are the first to indicate differences in the nucleic acid binding abilities of Tospovirus and Hantavirus nucleocapsid proteins, the only characterized nucleocapsid proteins of the family Bunyaviridae. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP German, TL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM tlg@plantpath.wisc.edu NR 25 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG 15 PY 1998 VL 248 IS 1 BP 6 EP 11 DI 10.1006/viro.1998.9223 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 113BC UT WOS:000075528600002 PM 9705250 ER PT J AU Semenov, MA Brooks, RJ Barrow, EM Richardson, CW AF Semenov, MA Brooks, RJ Barrow, EM Richardson, CW TI Comparison of the WGEN and LARS-WG stochastic weather generators for diverse climates SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE weather generators; model validation; model comparison; climatic diversity ID SOLAR-RADIATION; MODELS; SIMULATION AB Stochastic weather generators are used in a wide range of studies, such as hydrological applications, environmental management and agricultural risk assessments. Such studies often require long series of daily weather data for risk assessment and weather generators can produce time series of synthetic daily weather data of any length. Weather generators are also used to interpolate observed data to produce synthetic weather data at new sites, and they have recently been employed in the construction of climate change scenarios. Any generator should be tested to ensure that the data that it produces is satisfactory for the purposes for which it is to be used,The accuracy required will depend on the application of the data, and the performance of the generator may vary considerably for different climates. The aim of this paper is to test and compare 2 commonly-used weather generators, namely WGEN and LARS-WG, at 18 sites in the USA, Europe and Asia, chosen to represent a range of climates. Statistical tests were selected to compare a variety of different weather characteristics of the observed and synthetic weather data such as, for example, the lengths of wet and dry series, the distribution of precipitation and the lengths of frost spells. The LARS-WG generator used more complex distributions for weather variables and tended to match the observed data more closely than WGEN, although there are certain characteristics of the data that neither generator reproduced accurately. The implications for the development and use of stochastic weather generators are discussed. C1 Univ Bristol, Long Ashton Res Stn, Dept Agr Sci, IACR, Bristol BS41 9AF, Avon, England. Univ E Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, ARC, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Semenov, MA (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Long Ashton Res Stn, Dept Agr Sci, IACR, Bristol BS41 9AF, Avon, England. EM mikhail.semenov@bbsrc.ac.uk NR 16 TC 276 Z9 295 U1 2 U2 19 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X J9 CLIMATE RES JI Clim. Res. PD AUG 14 PY 1998 VL 10 IS 2 BP 95 EP 107 DI 10.3354/cr010095 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 132FN UT WOS:000076619800002 ER PT J AU Dowd, MK AF Dowd, MK TI Gas chromatographic characterization of soapstocks from vegetable oil refining SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE vegetable oils; soapstock; fatty acids; polyalcohols; carbohydrates; sterols; glycerides; glycosides AB Gas chromatography was used after trimethylsilyl derivatization to determine the composition of soapstocks from corn germ and peanut oil refining. Soap fatty acids, polyalcohols, small carbohydrates, sterols, steryl glycosides, mono-, di- and triglycerides were measured using a hexamethyldisilazane/pyridine preparation and a high-temperature capillary column. Additional peaks associated with the fatty acids appeared in the chromatograms when pyridine was incorporated into the sample preparation. Limiting the concentration of soapstock in the sample or replacing pyridine with a chlorinated solvent reduced the formation of these artifacts. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Dowd, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD AUG 14 PY 1998 VL 816 IS 2 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00503-2 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 112NM UT WOS:000075500700009 ER PT J AU Krishnamurthy, RS Kiester, AR AF Krishnamurthy, RS Kiester, AR TI Analysis of lion-tailed macaque habitat fragmentation using satellite imagery SO CURRENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONSERVATION AB Deforestation and forest fragmentation are the primary threats to the habitat of endangered lion-tailed macaques, Macaca silenus, in Karnataka, India. Landsat satellite images of northwest Karnataka, India, from 1977 and 1990 were analysed. Two study sites, measuring 16.35x19.14km (31,213ha) and 14.34x21.44km (30,561 ha), respectively, were selected for analysis. Based on a group home range estimate of 131 ha, contiguous habitat fragments large enough to support two or more groups of lion-tails remained available in the study area in 1990, A single contiguous patch of 14,718ha in site 1 and two contiguous patches in site 2, (4,276 ha and 9,097 ha) were available for reintroduction of captive lion-tailed macaque populations. Loss of habitat has primarily been occurring in and around previously disturbed regions. Ground-truthing of the identified potential unfragmented sites confirms the results of the study. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kiester, AR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU CURRENT SCIENCE ASSN PI BANGALORE PA C V RAMAN AVENUE, PO BOX 8005, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0011-3891 J9 CURR SCI INDIA JI Curr. Sci. PD AUG 10 PY 1998 VL 75 IS 3 BP 283 EP 291 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 113PG UT WOS:000075560000026 ER PT J AU Owens, LB Van Keuren, RW Edwards, WM AF Owens, LB Van Keuren, RW Edwards, WM TI Budgets of non-nitrogen nutrients in a high fertility pasture system SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE nutrients; pasture systems; groundwater; surface runoff ID NITRATE; GRASSLAND; PROGRAM AB Concentrations and transport of non-nitrogen nutrients in surface runoff and subsurface flow were determined under a high fertility pasture system during a multi-year study. Most studies of nutrient loss from grasslands have focused solely or primarily on nitrogen. Nevertheless, maintaining a proper balance of other nutrients is important to healthy plant growth, avoidance of toxicity problems from improper nutrient balances, and reduction of potential water quality problems. Rotationally grazed grass pastures received 224 kg N/ha annually as NH4NO3 for a 5-year period and had a legume interseeded into the grasses to be the N source during the following 8-year period. Part of the pastures were grazed during the summer only. The other pastures were used in the winter months with cattle eating fall regrowth and the hay made on that area during the summer. Topsoil pH of 6.5-7.0 and available P and K levels of 56 and 336 kg/ha, respectively, were maintained by soil amendments. Concentrations of P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl, and TOC were measured in surface runoff collected from small watersheds with automated samplers and in water from springs draining each area. Nutrient concentrations in both surface runoff and subsurface flow were strongly influenced by the amounts of fertilizer and lime applied. The majority of P and K were transported via surface runoff. The concentrations and transport of P and K were greater during the 8-year period because of increased rates of application of these fertilizers. Nutrient concentrations in subsurface flow did not vary greatly on a monthly basis but there were some increases during the span of the study. Concentrations of K and Na changed very little; Mg increased slightly; and Ca and C1 had large increases during the 13 years. Increased rates of KCI application during the 8-year period was a primary cause for the increased C1 concentrations in the shallow groundwater. Concentrations and transport of non-nitrogen nutrients from a pasture system were little influenced by the summer vs. winter management of this study or the change in N source from fertilizer to legumes. The application of non-nitrogen fertilizers and lime was the major factor of influence. In a pasture system where balances are maintained, the possibility of detrimental environmental impacts from non-nitrogen nutrients is low. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res Dev Ctr, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Owens, LB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, N Appalachian Exp Watershed,POB 488, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. EM naew@coshocton.com NR 25 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 70 IS 1 BP 7 EP 18 DI 10.1016/S0167-8809(97)00107-2 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 100RL UT WOS:000074829100002 ER PT J AU Mummey, DL Smith, JL Bluhm, G AF Mummey, DL Smith, JL Bluhm, G TI Assessment of alternative soil management practices on N2O emissions from US agriculture SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE nitrous oxide; CRP; tillage; denitrification; nitrification; greenhouse gases ID CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM; NITROUS-OXIDE PRODUCTION; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; TILLAGE; CARBON; WATER; MODEL; DENITRIFICATION; QUALITY AB Although agricultural soil management is the predominant anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide (N2O) to the atmosphere, little is known about the effects of alternative soil management practices on N2O emissions. In this study the NGAS model of Parton et al. (1996), coupled with a N and C cycling model, was used to simulate annual N2O emissions from 2639 cropland sites in the US using both no-till and conventional tillage management scenarios. The N2O mitigation potential of returning marginal cropland to perennial grass was also evaluated by comparing simulated N2O emissions from 306 Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) grassland sites with emissions from nearby cropland sites. Extensive soil and land use data for each site was obtained from the Natural Resource Inventory (NRI) database and weather data was obtained from NASA. The initial conversion of agricultural land to no-till showed greater N2O emissions per hectare than conventional tillage. Differences between the two tillage scenarios were strongly regional and suggest that conversion of conventionally tilled soil to no-till may have a greater effect on N2O emissions in drier regions. About 80% of the total emissions were from the Great plains and central regions mainly due to their large cultivated area. Croplands producing soy, wheat, and corn were responsible for about 68% of the total emissions with rice, cotton, and vegetable croplands having the greatest N2O flux (6.5-8.4 kg N2O-N ha(-1) year(-1)) under either scenario. Model simulations estimate that the agricultural lands in the US produce 448 Gg N2O-N year(-1) under a conventional tillage scenario and 478 Gg N2O-N year(-1) under a no-till scenario. Model estimates also suggest that the conversion of 10.5 million hectares of cropland to grassland has a N2O mitigation potential of 31 Gg N2O-N year(-1), (8.4 Tg carbon equivalents year(-1)). This value is similar in magnitude to many of the major greenhouse gas (GHG) emission-reduction strategies currently being considered to help meet US GHG reduction goals. Thus the GHG mitigation potential of this conversion is substantial and may be a viable strategy to help meet GHG reduction goals. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Natl Resource Conservat Serv, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Smith, JL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 215 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jlsmith@mail.wsu.edu NR 40 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 70 IS 1 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1016/S0167-8809(98)00117-0 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 100RL UT WOS:000074829100008 ER PT J AU Batra, S AF Batra, S TI Pollination resources SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 ARS, Bee Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Batra, S (reprint author), ARS, Bee Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 138 IS 8 BP 563 EP 564 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 107PH UT WOS:000075217400008 ER PT J AU Russell, RM AF Russell, RM TI Mild cobalamin deficiency in older Dutch subjects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID ATROPHIC GASTRITIS C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Russell, RM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 68 IS 2 BP 222 EP 223 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 105XX UT WOS:000075101600005 PM 9701175 ER PT J AU Meydani, SN Meydani, M Blumberg, JB Leka, LS Pedrosa, M Diamond, R Schaefer, EJ AF Meydani, SN Meydani, M Blumberg, JB Leka, LS Pedrosa, M Diamond, R Schaefer, EJ TI Assessment of the safety of supplementation with different amounts of vitamin E in healthy older adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE vitamin E; safety; elderly; supplementation; all-rac-alpha-tocopherol; toxicity; bleeding time; neutrophil cytotoxicity ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PLATELET-FUNCTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; CORONARY-DISEASE; PLASMA; SERUM; PREVENTION; PROTEIN AB We showed previously that supplementation for 30 d with 800 IU (727 mg) vitamin E/d did not adversely affect healthy elderly persons. We have now assessed the effects of 4 mo of supplementation with 60, 200, or 800 IU (55, 182, or 727 mg) all-rac-alpha-tocopherol/d on general health, nutrient status, liver enzyme function, thyroid hormone concentrations, creatinine concentrations, serum autoantibodies, killing of Candida albicans by neutrophils, and bleeding time in 88 healthy subjects aged >65 y participating in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. No side effects were reported by the subjects. Vitamin E supplementation had no effect on body weight, plasma total proteins, albumin, glucose, plasma lipids or the lipoprotein profile, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, serum aspartate aminotransferase, serum alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, serum urea nitrogen, total red blood cells, white blood cells or white blood cell differential counts, platelet number, bleeding time, hemoglobin, hematocrit, thyroid hormones, or urinary or serum creatinine concentrations. Values from all supplemented groups were within normal ranges for older adults and were not significantly different from values in the placebo group. Vitamin E supplementation had no significant effects on plasma concentrations of other antioxidant vitamins and minerals, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, or total homocysteine. There was no significant effect of vitamin E on serum nonspecific Immunoglobulin concentrations or anti-DNA and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies. The cytotoxic ability of neutrophils against Candida albicans was not compromised. Thus, 4 mo of supplementation with 60-800 IU vitamin E/d had no adverse effects. These results are relevant for determining risk-to-benefit ratios for vitamin E supplementation. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr REs Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Gastroenterol, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Univ Hosp, Program Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr REs Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 72 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 68 IS 2 BP 311 EP 318 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 105XX UT WOS:000075101600018 PM 9701188 ER PT J AU Salas, J Jansen, S Lopez-Miranda, J Ordovas, JM Castro, P Marin, C Ostos, MA Bravo, MD Jimenez-Pereperez, J Blanco, A Lopez-Segura, F Perez-Jimenez, F AF Salas, J Jansen, S Lopez-Miranda, J Ordovas, JM Castro, P Marin, C Ostos, MA Bravo, MD Jimenez-Pereperez, J Blanco, A Lopez-Segura, F Perez-Jimenez, F TI The SstI polymorphism of the apolipoprotein C-III gene determines the insulin response to an oral-glucose-tolerance test after consumption of a diet rich in saturated fats SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein C-III; insulin resistance; diet; monounsaturated fatty acids; genetic polymorphism; men; APOC3; oral-glucose-tolerance test; SstI; S1 allele; S2 allele ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; DNA POLYMORPHISMS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; ARTERY DISEASE; APO-CIII; B-GENE; A-I; HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA; RESISTANCE AB The S2 allele of the SstI polymorphism of the apolipoprotein (apo) C-III gene has been associated with elevated triacylglycerol concentrations, high blood pressure, and increased risk of coronary artery disease, all of which are characteristic of an insulin-resistant state, To study the effect of this mutation on carbohydrate metabolism in healthy persons, we gave 41 male subjects 3 consecutive diets. The first was rich in saturated fat [15% protein, 47% carbohydrate, 38% fat (20% saturated)], the second was a National Cholesterol Education Program Step 1 diet [15% protein, 57% carbohydrate, 28% fat (<10% saturated)], and the last was rich in monounsaturated fat [15% protein, 47% carbohydrate. 38% fat (22% monounsaturated, <10% saturated)]. At the end of each dietary period, subjects received an oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT). Apo C-III genotype significantly affected basal glucose concentrations (P < 0.045) and insulin concentrations after the OGTT (P < 0.012), APOC3*'S1/APOC3*S2 subjects (n = 13) had higher insulin concentrations after the OGTT than APOC3*S1/APOC3*S1 subjects (n = 28) in the 3 periods (diet I, P < 0.0004. diet 2. P < 0.01: diet 3: P < 0.008). Multiple regression analysis showed that this polymorphism predicted the insulin response to the OGTT (P < 0.031) and the difference between basal insulin concentrations and insulin concentrations after the OGTT (P < 0.002) with the saturated fat diet. In summary, our results suggest that the mutation in the apo C-III gene affects insulin response to an OGTT, which could result in reduced sensitivity to insulin, especially when persons consume diets rich in saturated fat. C1 Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Unidad Lipidos & Arteriosclerosis, Cordoba, Spain. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Perez-Jimenez, F (reprint author), Hosp Reina Sofia, Unidad Lipidos & Arteriosclerosis, Avda Menendez Pidal S-N, Cordoba 14004, Spain. EM mdipejif@cod.servicom.es NR 45 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 68 IS 2 BP 396 EP 401 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 105XX UT WOS:000075101600029 PM 9701199 ER PT J AU Sandstead, HH Penland, JG Alcock, NW Hari, H Xue, D Chen, C Li, JS Zhao, F Yang, JJ AF Sandstead, HH Penland, JG Alcock, NW Hari, H Xue, D Chen, C Li, JS Zhao, F Yang, JJ TI Effects of repletion with zinc and other micronutrients on neuropsychologic performance and growth of Chinese children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Zinc for Child Health Symposium CY NOV 17-19, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Johns Hopkins Family Health & Child Survival, Harvard Univ Appl Res Child Health Project, WHO Div Child Health & Dev, ICCDE,B Ctr Health & Populat Res, Jhons Hopkins Vitamin A for Health, UNICEF, Johns Hopkins Ctr Human Nutrit, Opportunities for Micronutrient Intervent Project DE zinc; micronutrients; children; growth; knee height; brain; neuropsychologic performance; cognition; neuromotor function; computerized testing of brain function; China ID POLYMERASE ACTIVITY; RAT-LIVER; DEFICIENCY; ABSORPTION; BRAIN; COPPER; HAIR; METALLOTHIONEIN; SUPPLEMENTS; MODULATION AB The knowledge that zinc is essential for growth and neuropsychologic performance and a report of zinc-responsive stunting in Chinese children prompted this project. This article summarizes findings from a IO-wk, double-blind, controlled trial of zinc repletion in 740 urban, 6-9-y-old first graders from low-income families in Chongqing, Qingdao, and Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Treatments were 20 mg Zn alone (Z), 20 mg Zn with micronutrients (ZM), and micronutrients alone (M). The M mixture was based on National Research Council guidelines. Nutrients that might interfere with zinc retention were excluded or given in lower amounts. Main outcomes were changes in neuropsychologic performance and knee height. Hemoglobin, serum ferritin, plasma and hair zinc, and whole blood and hair lead were also measured. Anemia was not common, and serum ferritin concentrations were usually within the range of normal. Mean baseline plasma zinc concentrations were marginal in children from Chongqing and Qingdao and normal in children from Shanghai. After treatment with ZM or M plasma zinc increased. Hair zinc tended to decrease after all treatments. Mean baseline whole blood lead concentrations were slightly below the limit considered excessive for children by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. neuropsychologic performance and growth were most improved after treatment with ZM. These findings were consistent with the presence of zinc and other micronutrient deficiencies. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Div Human Nutr, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Inst Nutr & Food Hyg, Beijing, Peoples R China. Qingdao Univ, Sch Med, Qingdao, Peoples R China. Second Mil Med Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R China. Third Mil Med Univ, Chongqing, Peoples R China. RP Sandstead, HH (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Div Human Nutr, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. NR 67 TC 133 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 68 IS 2 SU S BP 470S EP 475S PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 107LD UT WOS:000075208600011 PM 9701162 ER PT J AU McIntosh, M Hausman, D Martin, R Hausman, G AF McIntosh, M Hausman, D Martin, R Hausman, G TI Dehydroepiandrosterone attenuates preadipocyte growth in primary cultures of stromal-vascular cells SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE proliferation; differentiation; CCAAT enhancer binding protein ID SERUM-FREE CULTURES; OBESE ZUCKER RATS; PRECURSOR CELLS; ADVANCING AGE; FEMALE RATS; NORMAL MEN; BHE RATS; DIFFERENTIATION; HEPATOCYTES; DHEA AB The purpose of this study was to determine whether the antiobesity actions of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) are due to an influence on preadipocyte proliferation and/or differentiation in primary cultures of pig and rat stromal vascular (SV) cells. Pig SV cells were isolated from dorsal subcutaneous adipose tissue of 7-day-old pigs. For the proliferation assays, pig SV cells were grown for 4 days in plating medium containing DHEA at 0, 15, 50, or 150 mu M. For the differentiation assays, pig SV cells were grown in plating medium for 3 days and then switched to a serum-free medium containing DHEA at 0, 15, 50, or 150 mu M for the next 6 days. Rat SV cells were isolated from inguinal fat pads of 5-wk-old male rats. Rat SV cells were exposed to DHEA at 0, 5, 25, or 75 mu M during proliferation. For the differentiation assays, rat SV cells were grown for 8 days in a serum-free medium containing DHEA at 0, 5, 25, or 75 mu M. Preadipocyte differentiation [lipid staining, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity] and proliferation (preadipocyte-specific antigen staining) decreased with increasing levels of DHEA in cultures of pig SV cells. In cultures of rat SV cells, preadipocyte differentiation (lipid staining, GPDH activity) and proliferation ([H-3]thymidine incorporation) were decreased in the 25 and 75 mu M DHEA groups compared with the control and 5 mu M DHEA groups. The level of expression of CCAAT enhancer binding protein-alpha, a master regulator of adipogenesis, in cultures of pig SV cells treated with 150 mu M DHEA was 38% of control cultures. These data support the hypothesis that DHEA directly attenuates adipogenesis via attenuation of preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Food Nutr & Food Serv Management, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Foods & Nutr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Anim Physiol Unit, Richard Russell Res Ctr, Agr Res Stn, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP McIntosh, M (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Food & Nutr, POB 26170, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. NR 55 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 275 IS 2 BP E285 EP E293 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 106ZE UT WOS:000075180700015 PM 9688631 ER PT J AU Selhub , J D'Angelo, A AF Selhub , J D'Angelo, A TI Relationship between homocysteine and thrombotic disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE homocysteine; folate; vitamins; thrombosis; arteriosclerosis ID CYSTATHIONINE-BETA-SYNTHASE; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; TOTAL PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; THERMOLABILE METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; PREMATURE VASCULAR-DISEASE; DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS; GENETIC RISK FACTOR; FOLIC-ACID; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY AB Hyperhomocysteinemia is a condition which, in the absence of kidney disease, indicates a disrupted sulfur amino acid metabolism, either because of vitamin deficiency (folate, B-12 and B-6) Or a genetic defect;. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that mild hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with increased risk of arteriosclerotic disease and stroke. The relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and thrombosis has been investigated in 10 studies involving a total of 1200 patients and 1200 controls. Eight of these studies demonstrated positive association with odds ratios that ranged from two to 13. This association was enhanced by including a methionine loading tt:st, There is some evidence which suggests that hyperhomocysteinemia and activated protein C resistance have synergistic effect on the onset of thrombotic disease. Recent studies with animal models for mild hyperhomocysteinemia provided encouraging results in the understanding of the mechanism that underlies this relationship between mild elevations of plasma homocysteine and vascular disease. These animal models pointed to the possibility that the effect of elevated homocysteine is multifactorial, affecting both the vascular wall structure and the blood coagulation system. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. San Raffaele Sci Inst, Coagulat Serv, I-20132 Milan, Italy. RP Selhub , J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI d'angelo, armando/0000-0002-9857-4509 NR 139 TC 43 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-9629 J9 AM J MED SCI JI Am. J. Med. Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 316 IS 2 BP 129 EP 141 DI 10.1097/00000441-199808000-00008 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 107VM UT WOS:000075231700008 PM 9704666 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Fedorka-Cray, PJ Mohan, R Brock, KV Wittum, TE Morley, PS Hoblet, KH Saif, LJ AF Smith, DR Fedorka-Cray, PJ Mohan, R Brock, KV Wittum, TE Morley, PS Hoblet, KH Saif, LJ TI Evaluation of cow-level risk factors for the development of winter dysentery in dairy cattle SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS VIRUS; CORONAVIRUS INFECTION; SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE; BOVINE CORONAVIRUS; ADULT CATTLE; PREGNANCY; ANTIBODY; AGENT; LYMPHOCYTES; DIARRHEA AB Objective-To identify exposures to etiologic agents and to identify characteristics that could explain risk of disease for adult cattle in herds affected by winter dysentery (WD). Animals-229 lactating and nonlactating adult cattle (125 case and 104 control cattle) selected from 12 dairy herds. Procedure-A case-control study, using multivariate conditional logistic regression and controlling for herd effects, was used to develop a model for risk factors associated with disease for each cow. Results-Likelihood of developing disease increased as the ELISA value for bovine coronavirus (BCV) antigen detectable in feces increased (odds ratio [OR] = 2.94 for each 0.100 increase in BCV antigen ELISA value). Pregnant cattle were less likely to develop WD, compared with nonpregnant herdmates. Cows with high acute BCV antibody titers that seroresponded had greater odds of developing disease, compared with seroresponding cows with low acute titers. However, among those cows that did not serorespond, high acute antibody titers were associated with lower odds of developing the disease. Conclusion-In herds affected by WD, ill cows were more likely to shed detectable amounts of BCV antigen in their feces, and pregnancy appearance to protect cattle from the disease. The measured interaction between BCV seroresponse and acute BCV antibody titer may be evidence of an immunopathologic condition, but could also have been attributable to dynamics of the ELISA or study design. Clinical Relevance-Factors that explained a cow's risk for illness within WD-affected herds may have been surrogate measures for that cow's nonspecific and BCV-specific immune profile. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Reynoldsburg, OH 43068 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Saif, LJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. OI Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714 NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 59 IS 8 BP 986 EP 993 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 135QP UT WOS:000076814400009 PM 9706202 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Fedorka-Cray, PJ Mohan, R Brock, KV Wittum, TE Morley, PS Hoblet, KH Saif, LJ AF Smith, DR Fedorka-Cray, PJ Mohan, R Brock, KV Wittum, TE Morley, PS Hoblet, KH Saif, LJ TI Epidemiologic herd-level assessment of causative agents and risk factors for winter dysentery in dairy cattle SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS; BOVINE CORONAVIRUS; SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE; ADULT CATTLE; ASSOCIATION; INFECTIONS; ETIOLOGY; ENIGMA AB Objective-To test the association between exposure to bovine coronavirus (BCV) and outbreaks of winter dysentery (WD) in dairy herds and to examine other risk factors for outbreaks of WD in dairy herds. Animals-12 dairy herds in Ohio affected with WD (case herds). For each case herd, 2 unaffected herds from the same area were concurrently used as control herds. Procedure-A case-control study was conducted, using herds as the unit of investigation. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to identify risk factors for contracting disease. Results-4 factors appeared to increase a herd's risk for WD: increase in herd prevalence of adult cows that had a fourfold or more increase in BCV serum IgG antibody titer; increase in herd prevalence of adult cows that had a fourfold or more increase in bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) titer; housing cattle in tie-stall or stanchion barns rather than free-stall facilities; and use of equipment to handle manure and subsequently handle feed. The adjusted population-attributable risk for these variables was 71, 43, 53, and 31 %, respectively, and 99% overall. indicating that these variables had considerable impact on WD outbreaks for the study population. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-In dairies in Ohio, recent herd exposure to BCV appeared to increase the risk for WD outbreaks. Some WD outbreaks might have been associated with acute BVDV infection. Certain housing and management practices may have increased the risk of an outbreak of WD. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, Reynoldsburg, OH 43068 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Saif, LJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. OI Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714 NR 40 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 59 IS 8 BP 994 EP 1001 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 135QP UT WOS:000076814400010 PM 9706203 ER PT J AU Mandebvu, P West, JW Gates, RN Hill, GM AF Mandebvu, P West, JW Gates, RN Hill, GM TI In vitro digestion kinetics of neutral detergent fiber extracted from Tifton 85 and Coastal bermudagrasses SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bermudagrass; neutral detergent fiber; digestion kinetics ID CELL-WALLS; FORAGE; EXTENSIN AB Hays used to compare the digestion kinetics of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were Tifton 85 bermudagrass (T85) harvested after 3.5 or 7 weeks of growth, a second cutting of T85 harvested after 3.5 weeks of regrowth, and Coastal bermudagrass (CBG) harvested after 4 weeks of growth. Neutral detergent fiber extracted from the hays was exposed to in vitro digestion and the digesta analyzed for their NDF content. The in vitro dry matter disappearance for the first (63.6%) and second (59.9%) cutting of 3.5-weeks old T85 was similar but higher than that for T85 harvested after 7 weeks of growth (48.7%) or CBG harvested after 4 weeks of growth (52.0%). In vitro NDF digestion at 72 h of incubation for T85 harvested at 3.5 week (74.5%) was similar to that of 3.5-weeks T85 regrowth (67.4%), but higher than that of CBG (63.7%) or 7-weeks T85 (53.7%). After fitting a nonlinear model to the data, T85 harvested at 3.5 week had a higher (P<0.05) potentially digestible fraction of NDF. Extraction of NDF from the hays increased the potentially digestible fraction of NDE In summary, Tifton 85 bermudagrass harvested at 3.5 week had a higher NDF concentration, and higher NDF digestion than did Coastal bermudagrass harvested at 4 week. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Mandebvu, P (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 73 IS 3-4 BP 263 EP 269 DI 10.1016/S0377-8401(98)00155-2 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 101CH UT WOS:000074851700006 ER PT J AU Mandebvu, P West, JW Gates, RN Hill, GM AF Mandebvu, P West, JW Gates, RN Hill, GM TI Effect of hay maturity, forage source, or neutral detergent fiber content on digestion of diets containing Tifton 85 bermudagrass and corn silage SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tifton 85 bermudagrass; in situ; digestion kinetics ID INSITU AB Total mixed rations (TMRs) based on corn silage (30% DM) or Tifton 85 bermudagrass hay harvested at 3.5 and seven weeks of growth and with low or high neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content were used to study the effects of hay maturity, forage source, or level of dietary NDF on in situ digestion kinetics for TMRs. Among forages, NDF and lignin concentrations decreased in the order of: Tifton 85 bermudagrass harvested at seven weeks of growth, Tifton 85 bermudagrass harvested at 3.5 weeks of growth, and corn silage, while in vitro and in situ dry matter (DM) digestion showed the opposite trend. The extent of in situ NDF digestion decreased in the order of: Tifton 85 bermudagrass harvested at 3.5 weeks of growth, (60.1%), Tifton 85 bermudagrass harvested at seven weeks of growth (45.6%), and corn silage (42.5%). Increase in bermudagrass maturity decreased (P<0.01) in vitro NDF disappearance for TMRs at 48 h of incubation from 44.7 to 38.8%. Forage source or the level of dietary NDF had no effect on the extent of in situ DM digestion for TMRs. Increase in bermudagrass maturity decreased (P<0.05) the extent of in situ digestion of DM and NDF for TMRs. After fitting the nonlinear model to the disappearance data, the TMR in which corn silage was used as the forage source had higher (P<0.05) readily digestible fraction of DM than T85 based TMRs. Digestion profiles for 3.5 weeks bermudagrass based TMRs were similar to those of corn silage based TMR, (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, Coastal Plain Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Mandebvu, P (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, Coastal Plain Stn, Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 73 IS 3-4 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1016/S0377-8401(98)00152-7 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 101CH UT WOS:000074851700008 ER PT J AU Serraj, R Sinclair, TR AF Serraj, R Sinclair, TR TI N-2 fixation response to drought in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE Phaseolus vulgaris; nitrogen fixation; drought stress; nodules; ureides ID BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN-FIXATION; WATER DEFICITS; SOIL; TRANSPIRATION; ACCUMULATION; JACKSON; STRESS AB Nitrogen fixation activity in common bean is generally thought to be low and sensitive to soil drying and, consequently, drought can have important negative effects on N accumulation and yield potential. The objectives of this research were to examine the response of N-2 fixation to drought stress in common bean, and to test the hypothesis that drought sensitivity of N-2 fixation in common bean is linked to ureide levels in the plants. Two glasshouse experiments were conducted to compare the responses of leaf transpiration and acetylene reduction activity (ARA) to soil water contents. ARA decrease during soil dehydration was found to lag behind the decline in transpiration. This indicates that ARA is relatively less sensitive to soil dehydration compared to leaf gas exchange. Further, in comparing two cultivars there was no consistent difference in the relative response of ARA and transpiration to soil drying. The ureide concentrations measured in common bean plants were low, ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mmol l(-1) in xylem sap exudates. Ureide concentrations in the sap exudate varied significantly among the two genotypes even though there was no difference in ARA response to drought. It was concluded that in common bean, the lower sensitivity of N-2 fixation to drought compared to leaf gas exchange could be related to low ureide concentrations in petioles and xylem sap. (C) 1998 Annals of Botany Company. C1 Fac Sci Semlalia, Dept Biol, Lab Physiol Vegetale, Marrakech, Morocco. Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Agron Physiol Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Agron Physiol Lab, IFAS Bldg 350,POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 82 IS 2 BP 229 EP 234 DI 10.1006/anbo.1998.0670 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 110RD UT WOS:000075393400011 ER PT J AU Holt, SM Cote, GL AF Holt, SM Cote, GL TI Differentiation of dextran-producing Leuconostoc strains by a modified randomly amplified polymorphic DNA protocol SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARBITRARY PRIMERS AB Seven dextran-producing Leuconostoc strains were differentiated by using a modified randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) protocol that incorporated specific primers designed from conserved regions of dextransucrase genes. RAPD profiles showed intraspecies differences among the Leuconostoc mesenteroides strains tested. This modified RAPD protocol will aid in the differentiation of polymer-producing leuconostocs, which are currently distinguished by time-consuming analyses of the dextrans they synthesize. C1 Western Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. ARS, Biopolymer Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. RP Holt, SM (reprint author), Western Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 1 Univ Circle,Waggoner Hall 316, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 64 IS 8 BP 3096 EP 3098 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 106JY UT WOS:000075127200055 ER PT J AU Uri, ND AF Uri, ND TI Impact of the price of energy on the use of conservation tillage in agriculture in the USA SO APPLIED ENERGY LA English DT Article AB The relationship between energy expenditure and the use of conservation tillage is of special importance in addressing concerns about the impact of agricultural production on the environment in the US. After establishing that a relationship exists between the price of energy and the use of conservation tillage via the Granger causality, the relationship is quantified. It is shown that while the real price of crude oil, the proxy used for the price of energy, does not affect the rate of adoption of conservation tillage, it does impact upon the extent to which it is used. Finally, there is no structural instability in the relationship between the relative use of conservation tillage and the real price of crude oil over the period 1963-1997. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Resource Econ Div, NRCS, RID, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Uri, ND (reprint author), USDA, Resource Econ Div, NRCS, RID, Room 6243S, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-2619 J9 APPL ENERG JI Appl. Energy PD AUG PY 1998 VL 60 IS 4 BP 225 EP 240 DI 10.1016/S0306-2619(98)00027-0 PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 154YL UT WOS:000077918400002 ER PT J AU Solaiman, DKY Somkuti, GA AF Solaiman, DKY Somkuti, GA TI Characterization of a novel Streptococcus thermophilus rolling-circle plasmid used for vector construction SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LACTOCOCCUS-LACTIS; SHUTTLE VECTORS; GENE; REPLICATION; DNA; RESISTANCE; EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; ALIGNMENT; SEQUENCE AB The complete nucleotide sequence of pER371, a native plasmid in Streptococcus thermophilus ST137, was determined. A putative open reading frame coding for a replication protein, Rep371, was identified. A characteristic promoter sequence and ribosome-binding site were found upstream of Rep371. Rep371 (247 amino acid residues) does not show homology with RepA and RepS of the small S. thermophilus cryptic plasmids pST1-No.29 and pST1 respectively. The plus-origin sequence and Rep371 are highly homologous to the corresponding elements of the Staphylococcus aureus plasmids pC194 and pSK89. A novel 140-nucleotide palindromic minus-origin sequence, which is structurally similar but does not show sequence homology to the palA region of pC194, was identified in pER371. A palindromic sequence capable of forming a putative hairpin structure was identified and subsequently recognized as being highly conserved among several lactococcal rolling-circle plasmids. Cloning vectors derived from pER371 should provide valuable gene-delivery vehicles for the genetic engineering of lactic acid bacteria. C1 ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Solaiman, DKY (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 50 IS 2 BP 174 EP 180 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 119WH UT WOS:000075920800005 PM 9763687 ER PT J AU Geesink, GH Nonneman, D Koohmaraie, M AF Geesink, GH Nonneman, D Koohmaraie, M TI An improved purification protocol for heart and skeletal muscle calpastatin reveals two isoforms resulting from alternative splicing SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE calpastatin; heart; skeletal muscle ID ACTIVATED NEUTRAL PROTEASE; PHENOL-CHLOROFORM EXTRACTION; SINGLE-STEP METHOD; RNA ISOLATION; INHIBITOR; EXPRESSION; QUANTIFICATION; PROTEINS; CALPAINS; LIVER AB Employment of a new protocol for efficient purification of calpastatin revealed the presence of two forms of calpastatin in porcine heart with apparent molecular weights of 125 and 145 kDa. Purification from bovine muscle resulted in a single species with an apparent molecular weight of 125 kDa. The presence of multiple species of calpastatin in porcine heart does not appear to be an artifact of the purification procedure since Western blotting revealed the presence of two types of calpastatin in ovine and porcine heart, but only one type in bovine heart and bovine, ovine, and porcine muscle. The origin of the two species in porcine heart was examined by RT-PCR and direct sequencing of calpastatin cDNA. This analysis revealed that porcine skeletal muscle exclusively produces transcripts lacking exon 3, while porcine heart produces transcripts that include or lack exon 3, consistent with the presence of two isoforms of the protein. The 125-kDa form of porcine calpastatin therefore appears to be a result of alternative splicing of the calpastatin transcript. The biological significance of the heart specific isoform is not clear; however, its ability to inhibit mu- or m-calpain does not differ considerably. The present purification protocol yielded 4.9 and 1.8 mg calpastatin per kg tissue from porcine heart and bovine skeletal muscle, respectively. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Koohmaraie, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,Clay Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 23 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 356 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1006/abbi.1998.0747 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 110CG UT WOS:000075361800003 PM 9681986 ER PT J AU Carmena-Ramon, R Ascaso, JF Real, JT Ordovas, JM Carmena, R AF Carmena-Ramon, R Ascaso, JF Real, JT Ordovas, JM Carmena, R TI Genetic variation at the ApoA-IV gene locus and response to diet in familial hypercholesterolemia SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein A-IV; genetic variation; familial hypercholesterolemia; diet ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-IV; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; DNA POLYMORPHISMS; LIPOPROTEIN; PLASMA; POPULATION; FREQUENCY; SUBSTITUTIONS AB Plasma lipid response to dietary fat and cholesterol is, in part, genetically controlled. The apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV protein; APOA4, gene) has been shown to influence the response to dietary changes in normolipidemic individuals. The response to diet in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is also variable, and no studies are available on the influence of APOA4 mutations on dietary response in these subjects. We studied the effect of 2 common apoA-IV genetic variants (Gln(360)-->His and Thr(347)-->Ser) on the lipid response to the National Cholesterol Education Program type I (NCEP-I) diet in 67 FH heterozygotes (43 women and 21 men). Subjects were studied at baseline (after consuming for 1 month a diet with 35% fat [10% saturated] and 300 mg/d cholesterol) and after 3 months of consuming a low-fat diet. No sex-related differences were found, and results were combined for men and women. The APOA4-360 mutation was assessed in 67 subjects, 51 with genotype 1/1 and 16 with genotype 1/2. The APOA4-2 allele was associated with marginally significantly lower (P=0,049) low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and significantly lower (P=0.027) apoB levels independent of diet effects. After consuming an NCEP-I diet, carriers of the APOA4-2 allele showed a significantly lower reduction in apoB concentration (6.2%) than 1/1 subjects (14.1%, P=0.036); however, no significant differences in response were noted for LDL cholesterol. The APOA4-347 mutation was assessed in 63 individuals, 44 with the A/A allele and 19 with the A/T and T/T alleles. No significant differences were observed in baseline or post-NCEP-I diet values for these 2 groups in total, LDL, and high density Lipoprotein cholesterol and plasma apoB levels. After dietary intervention, A/A individuals showed significant reductions in plasma triglyceride and very low density Lipoprotein cholesterol levels; no changes were found in carriers of the T allele. Haplotype analysis suggested that in these FH subjects, the APOA4-360-2 allele was associated with lower plasma lipid levels during the NCEP-I diet period, whereas no significant effects were observed for the APOA4-347-T allele. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Valencia, Hosp Clin, Dept Med, E-46003 Valencia, Spain. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ordovas_LI@hnrc.tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 54776] NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1266 EP 1274 PG 9 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 110CJ UT WOS:000075362200009 PM 9714133 ER PT J AU Nowak, DJ Cardelino, CA Rao, ST Taha, H AF Nowak, DJ Cardelino, CA Rao, ST Taha, H TI Estimating cost effectiveness of residential yard trees for improving air quality in Sacramento, California, using existing models SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID OZONE C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nowak, DJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 32 IS 14-15 BP 2709 EP 2710 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 101LQ UT WOS:000074870800027 ER PT J AU Epstein, HE Burke, IC Mosier, AR Hutchinson, GL AF Epstein, HE Burke, IC Mosier, AR Hutchinson, GL TI Plant functional type effects on trace gas fluxes in the shortgrass steppe SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Plant-Induced Soil Changes - Processes and Feedbacks at the American-Society-of-Agronomy-Soil-Science-Society-of-America Annual Meeting CY NOV 04-08, 1996 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Soc Agron Soil Sci Soc Amer DE C(3) and C(4) plant functional types; grasslands; methane oxidation; nitric oxide; nitrous oxide ID NITROUS-OXIDE PRODUCTION; METHANE OXIDATION; USE EFFICIENCY; N2O FLUXES; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; WATER-USE; SOIL; FIELD; MINERALIZATION; TEMPERATURE AB Plant community structure is expected to regulate the microbial processes of nitrification and denitrification by controlling the availability of inorganic N substrates. Thus it could also be a factor in the concomitant release of NO and N(2)O from soils as a result of these processes. C(3) and C(4) plants differ in several attributes related to the cycling of nitrogen and were hypothesized to yield differences in trace gas exchange between soil and atmosphere. In this study we estimated fluxes of NO, N(2)O and CH(4) from soils of shortgrass steppe communities dominated by either C(3) plants, C(4) plants or mixtures of the two types. We collected gas samples weekly from two sites, a sandy clay loam and a clay, throughout the growing seasons of 1995 and 1996. Plant functional type effects on gas fluxes at the clay site were not apparent, however we found several differences among plant communities on the sandy clay loam. CH(4) uptake from atmosphere to soil was significantly greater on C(4) plots than C(3) plots in both years. NO fluxes were significantly greater from C(4) plots than from C(3) plots in 1995. NO fluxes from C(3) and mixed plots were not significantly different between 1995 and 1996, however fluxes from C(4) plots were significantly greater in 1995 compared to 1996. Results indicate that under certain environmental conditions, particularly when factors such as moisture and temperature an not limiting, plant community composition can play an important role in regulating trace gas exchange. C1 Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Epstein, HE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 81 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD AUG PY 1998 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 145 EP 168 DI 10.1023/A:1005959001235 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 112VL UT WOS:000075515300009 ER PT J AU Lyons-Weiler, J Hoelzer, GA Tausch, RJ AF Lyons-Weiler, J Hoelzer, GA Tausch, RJ TI Optimal outgroup analysis SO BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE phylogenetics; RASA; phylogenetic signal; outgroup rooting; plesiomorphy content ID CHARACTER ANALYSIS; PARSIMONY; PHYLOGENY AB We present and critically examine a statistical criterion for the selection of outgroup taxa for rooting evolutionary trees. The criterion is the amount of phylogenetic signal for the ingroup when the states of the candidate outgroup taxa are assumed to be plesiomorphic relative to the ingroup for the purpose of measuring plesiomorphy content of the outgroup taxon. A statistical measure of rooted, ingroup signal was subjected to a suite of critical tests which indicate that it provides a proxy measure of plesiomorphy content. As the evolutionary distance between the ingroup ancestral node and outgroup taxa increases, the tree-independent measure of signal decreases, tracking the decay in plesiomorphy content and the increase in convergence to the ingroup states. We show that a priori generalizations about optimal outgroup taxon sampling strategies are likely to be misleading, and that testing far the suitability of available outgroup taxon sampling in specific instances is warranted. Software for optimal outgroup analysis is available. (C) 1998 The Linnean Society of London. C1 Univ Nevada, Doctoral Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Environm Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Reno, NV USA. RP Lyons-Weiler, J (reprint author), Inst Mol Evolutionary Genet, Mueller Lab 328, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 26 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0024-4066 J9 BIOL J LINN SOC JI Biol. J. Linnean Soc. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 64 IS 4 BP 493 EP 511 DI 10.1006/bijl.1998.0229 PG 19 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 114ZX UT WOS:000075640000005 ER PT J AU Nachman, RJ Moyna, G Williams, HJ Tobe, SS Scott, AI AF Nachman, RJ Moyna, G Williams, HJ Tobe, SS Scott, AI TI Synthesis, biological activity, and conformational studies of insect allatostatin neuropeptide analogues incorporating turn-promoting moieties SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE allatostatins; beta-turn; insect neuropeptides; molecular modeling; NMR ID JUVENILE-HORMONE BIOSYNTHESIS; CORPORA-ALLATA; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; FORCE-FIELD; DIPLOPTERA-PUNCTATA; FAMILY; PROTEINS; NMR; SPECTROSCOPY; INHIBITION AB Allatostatins are 6-18 amino acid peptides synthezed by insects to control production of juvenile hormones, which in turn regulate functions including metamorphosis and egg production. Four insect allatostatin neuropeptide analogues incorporating turn-promoting pseudopeptide moieties in the region responsible for biological activity were prepared by solid phase peptide synthetic methods. Bioassay indicated that activities approached those of the natural neuropeptides, and molecular models based on NMR data showed similar conformations and the presence of a beta-turn in the active core region for the four analogues. Differences in activity are believed to be due to differences in bulk and relative position of atoms in the unnatural portion of the analogues, and their differing degrees of conformational freedom. The studies support the feasibility of development of neuropeptide-based insect control agents resistant to peptidase deactivation. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Biol NMR, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, Vet Entomol Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Zool, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. RP Scott, AI (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, Ctr Biol NMR, POB 300012, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. NR 35 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0968-0896 J9 BIOORGAN MED CHEM JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 6 IS 8 BP 1379 EP 1388 DI 10.1016/S0968-0896(98)00129-1 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 117VQ UT WOS:000075803700021 PM 9784875 ER PT J AU Hsu, AF Shen, SY Wu, E Foglia, TA AF Hsu, AF Shen, SY Wu, E Foglia, TA TI Characterization of soybean lipoxygenase immobilized in cross-linked phyllosilicates SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACID HYDROPEROXIDE; OXIDATION AB Lipoxygenase (LOX) is an enzyme that regioselectively introduces the hydroperoxide functionality into polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid (LA), Hydroperoxide derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids are of interest because they can serve as important intermediates in the synthesis of chemical and pharmaceutical compounds. In this study, LOX was immobilized in dispersed phyllosilicate layers that were cross-linked with silicate polymers formed by the hydrolysis of tetramethyl orthosilicates. The effects of substrate concentration, reaction temperature and solvent participation were studied on the oxidation of LA by LOX, The temperature optimum for the oxidation of LA by immobilized LOX was 25 degrees C and values of K-m and V-max for this reaction were 1.7 mM and 0.023 mu mol/min respectively. Enzymic activity was stimulated by the addition of 10% (v/v) iso-octane to the reaction mixture. The immobilized LOX preparation showed a degree of substrate preference that demonstrated that 1,3-dilinolein was a better substrate than LA in the oxidation reaction, followed in order by 1-monolinolein, methyl oleate and trilinolein, In general, LOX immobilized in crosslinked phyllosilicates retained the physical and chemical characteristics of free LOX. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Hsu, AF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 15 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0885-4513 J9 BIOTECHNOL APPL BIOC JI Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 28 BP 55 EP 59 PN 1 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 111BC UT WOS:000075416600008 PM 9693089 ER PT J AU Berg, N Carlson, A Azuma, D AF Berg, N Carlson, A Azuma, D TI Function and dynamics of woody debris in stream reaches in the central Sierra Nevada, California SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BROOK TROUT; OLD-GROWTH; CLEAR-CUT; HABITAT; USA; WASHINGTON; MORPHOLOGY; ABUNDANCE; SEDIMENT; FORESTS AB In 1993, we located, measured, and tagged almost 1700 woody debris pieces on six streams in California's central Sierra Nevada. The stability, geomorphic function, and use by fish for cover of each piece were recorded. In 1994 and 1995, piece movement was quantified and new debris pieces were measured. In the 60 study reaches, debris was not influential in shaping channel morphology and fish cover. Although woody debris was often associated with habitat units, few pieces deflected flow or contributed to the formation of pools or steps. Fish used deep water as cover more often than debris or any other cover type. Medium-sized debris was, however, used in a greater proportion than its availability to fish. Little sediment was stored by debris, and five large pieces stored 85% of the sediment volume measured. Debris frequency and volume did not differ significantly by channel type. After a low stream flow year (1993-1994), few pieces had moved and few new pieces were identified. After a high-flow season (1994-1995), 31% of the pieces had either moved or were not found and new pieces represented over 5% of the originally surveyed volume of wood. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. US Forest Serv, Tahoe Natl forest, USDA, Nevada City, CA 95959 USA. Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Berg, N (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, POB 245, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. EM nberg/psw@fs.fed.us NR 57 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 6 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 55 IS 8 BP 1807 EP 1820 DI 10.1139/cjfas-55-8-1807 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 129QQ UT WOS:000076474800003 ER PT J AU Bilby, RE Fransen, BR Bisson, PA Walter, JK AF Bilby, RE Fransen, BR Bisson, PA Walter, JK TI Response of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to the addition of salmon carcasses to two streams in southwestern Washington, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STABLE ISOTOPES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SPAWNING STREAMS; PACIFIC SALMON; SMOLT SIZE; SURVIVAL; CREEK; GROWTH; DECOMPOSITION; RIVER AB Availability of organic matter and nutrients transported from the marine environment to streams by spawning salmon was increased in two small streams in southwestern Washington, U.S.A., by adding salmon carcasses from a nearby hatchery. Response of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) rearing at these sites was compared with nearby streams where few salmon spawned. Densities of age 0(+) coho salmon and age 0(+) and age 1(+) steelhead increased following carcass additions to the treated streams. A similar increase in density was not observed at the reference sites. Condition factors in treated streams increased following carcass addition and remained at high levels while carcasses were present whereas no similar pattern was observed at the reference sites. Stomach contents of fish in streams to which carcasses had been added consisted primarily of salmon eggs and carcass flesh when carcasses were present in the stream. Stable isotope analysis indicated that the proportion of marine-derived nitrogen in the muscle tissue of juvenile salmonids increased as much as 39% following carcass placement. Results suggest that eggs and carcasses of adult salmon provide a very important resource during a period when other food items are often scarce. C1 Weyerhauser Co, Western Forestry Res, Tacoma, WA 98477 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacifis NW Res Stn, USDA, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Bilby, RE (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Bob.Bilby@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 151 Z9 151 U1 3 U2 23 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 55 IS 8 BP 1909 EP 1918 DI 10.1139/cjfas-55-8-1909 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 129QQ UT WOS:000076474800013 ER PT J AU Williams, MS AF Williams, MS TI Distinguishing between change and growth in forest surveys SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID POINT SAMPLES; SURVIVOR GROWTH; ESTIMATORS AB Much of the research in forest inventory has focussed on the generation of estimates of forest attributes at particular times and estimating how these attributes change over time. In descriptions of this work in recent decades, the terms forest growth and forest change have been used interchangeably. Ln this paper, the distinction between growth and change is defined and an example is given illustrating the differences between the two. Unbiased estimators of both processes are presented, and a simulation study with an artificial population is used to illustrate their properties. The results of the simulation study indicate that estimates of forest growth tend to be slightly more efficient than estimates of forest change. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Williams, MS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1099 EP 1106 DI 10.1139/cjfr-28-8-1099 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 143FM UT WOS:000077244600001 ER PT J AU Schmidtling, RC Hipkins, V AF Schmidtling, RC Hipkins, V TI Genetic diversity in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris): influence of historical and prehistorical events SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; PROVENANCE TESTS; PREDICT RESPONSE; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; POPULATIONS; SEED AB Genetic diversity of allozymes at 24 loci was studied in 23 populations of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.), including three seed orchard populations and an old-growth stand. Overall, the mean number of alleles per polymorphic locus was 2.9, the percentage of polymorphic loci was 92%, and the mean expected heterozygosity was 0.105. These values are comparable with diversity measures found in a similar loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) study. Diversity measures of the seed orchard sources and the old-growth stand were similar to those in the other natural seed sources. F statistics indicate very little inbreeding overall (F(IS) = -0.002) and low differentiation among populations (F(ST) = 0.041). All measures of genetic diversity were significantly related to longitude; western sources tended to have more allozyme diversity. Since growth or survival are not related to longitude, and no important climatic variables are related to longitude within the natural range of longleaf, it is proposed that the east-west variation in longleaf pine is a result of migration from a single refugium in the west (south Texas or northeastern Mexico) after the Pleistocene. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Forest Genet Electrophoresis Lab, Camino, CA 95709 USA. RP Schmidtling, RC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Inst Forest Genet, 23332 Highway 67, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. EM schmidtl@datasync.com NR 37 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1135 EP 1145 DI 10.1139/cjfr-28-8-1135 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 143FM UT WOS:000077244600005 ER PT J AU Aubry, CA Adams, WT Fahey, TD AF Aubry, CA Adams, WT Fahey, TD TI Determination of relative economic weights for multitrait selection in coastal Douglas-fir SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID INDEX SELECTION; WOOD DENSITY; GENETIC-PARAMETERS; PRODUCT QUALITY; GAINS; TREES; PINE AB Relationships between tree traits and tree value for lumber production were investigated. For the purposes of estimating relative economic weights for use in multitrait selection in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France var. menziesii), tree height, diameter at breast height, and branch diameter were measured on 164 trees (ages 36-66 years). Increment cores from a subsample (92) of these trees were assayed by X-ray densitometry to determine wood density. Bole volume was derived by summing the log volumes of all logs from each tree. Value of lumber recovered from each tree was determined in a separate mill study using both visual and machine stress rated (MSR) grading rules. Multiple linear regression was used to relate tree value to the growth and wood quality traits. Stem volume and branch diameter significantly influenced tree value under visual grading, with relative economic weights of 0.06 dm(3) and -5.22 cm, respectively. Wood density significantly influenced tree value under MSR grading (relative economic weights: 0.06 dm(3), -6.69 cm, and 0.06 kg/m(3), respectively), where lumber strength is measured more accurately. These regression coefficients can be used directly as economic weights in selection indices. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Aubry, CA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 1835 Black Lake Blvd SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM /caubry/r6pnw_olympic@fs.fed.us NR 43 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1164 EP 1170 DI 10.1139/cjfr-28-8-1164 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 143FM UT WOS:000077244600007 ER PT J AU Kelsey, RG Joseph, G AF Kelsey, RG Joseph, G TI Ethanol in Douglas-fir with black-stain root disease (Leptographium wageneri) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID TRYPODENDRON-LINEATUM COLEOPTERA; STEREMNIUS-CARINATUS COLEOPTERA; HYLASTES-NIGRINUS COLEOPTERA; LODGEPOLE PINE; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; BEETLES COLEOPTERA; COLONIZING INSECTS; HOST SELECTION; BARK BEETLES; ALPHA-PINENE AB Diseased and healthy Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France) were identified at two black-stain root disease centers, caused by Leptographium wageneri var. pseudotsugae Harrington & Cobb, in the Oregon Coast Range near Coos Bay. Phloem and sapwood near the root collar were sampled monthly for 1 year, whereas roots were sampled in October and November. Ethanol concentrations in sapwood of diseased trees near the root collar were 4-24 rimes higher than in healthy trees for all months of a year, except January and June. Roots from diseased trees in October had 5 times more ethanol in the phloem and 19 times more ethanol in the sapwood than corresponding tissue from healthy trees. Ethanol concentrations in roots from diseased trees in November were no different from October. Within trees, ethanol concentrations varied substantially among positions around the root collar and among different roots. Ethanol may play an important role in the biology of L. wageneri and beetle-pathogen interactions in Douglas-fir. Ethanol also may be useful in detecting stressed or diseased trees. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kelsey, RG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 52 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1207 EP 1212 DI 10.1139/cjfr-28-8-1207 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 143FM UT WOS:000077244600011 ER PT J AU Maguire, DA Brissette, JC Gu, LH AF Maguire, DA Brissette, JC Gu, LH TI Crown structure and growth efficiency of red spruce in uneven-aged, mixed-species stands in Maine SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CONTORTA VAR LATIFOLIA; LEAF-AREA; ABIES-BALSAMEA; STEMWOOD PRODUCTION; SAPWOOD AREA; ARCHITECTURE; CONIFERS; FOREST; VIGOR; TREES AB Several hypotheses about the relationships among individual tree growth, tree leaf area, and relative tree size or position were tested with red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) growing in uneven-aged, mixed-species forests of south-central Maine, U.S.A. Based on data from 65 sample trees, predictive models were developed to (i) estimate the amount of foliage held by individual trees from sapwood cross-sectional area and (ii) define the relationship between stem volume growth and three variables: total foliage area, relative position in the stand, and the degree of past suppression. A model that included variables representing tree size (or relative social position) and degree of past suppression (live branch whorls per unit crown length) indicated that stem volume growth first increased but later decreased over leaf area when other variables were held constant. Growth efficiency declined with increasing tree leaf area, although greater height and diameter enhanced growth efficiency and greater past suppression diminished growth efficiency. The decline in growth efficiency with greater leaf area likely is attributable to one or several of the factors previously identified as contributing to growth declines in mature, even-aged stands. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Maguire, DA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Gu, Lianhong/H-8241-2014 OI Gu, Lianhong/0000-0001-5756-8738 NR 31 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1233 EP 1240 DI 10.1139/cjfr-28-8-1233 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 143FM UT WOS:000077244600014 ER PT J AU Ramirez, ME Israel, DW Wollum, AG AF Ramirez, ME Israel, DW Wollum, AG TI Using spontaneous antibiotic-resistant mutants to assess competitiveness of bradyrhizobial inoculants for nodulation of soybean SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bradyrhizobium; antibiotic resistance; competition ID SYMBIOTIC EFFECTIVENESS; RHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; DESMODIUM-INTORTUM; STRAINS; SOILS; TRIFOLII; LEGUMINOSARUM; POPULATIONS; ABILITY; NODULES AB Spontaneous mutants (3/parental strain) of soybean bradyrhizobia resistant to streptomycin and erythromycin were selected from strains isolated from bradyrhizobial populations indigenous to Cape Fear and Dothan soils. These were used to evaluate (i) the validity of using antibiotic-resistant mutants to make inferences about the competitiveness of parental strains in soil environments and (ii) the recovery of strains in nodules after inoculation of soybeans grown in soils with indigenous bradyrhizobial populations. Streptomycin and erythromycin resistances of all mutants were stable after approximately 27 generations of growth in yeast extract - mannitol medium, but 33% of the mutants lost resistance to erythromycin upon passage through nodules. Only 17% of the mutants were as competitive as their parental strain when inoculated in a ratio near 1:1 in vermiculite. Four of 10 mutants, which differed in competitiveness from their parental strain in vermiculite, had competitiveness against the soil populations equal to that of their parental strain. Therefore, assessment of competitiveness of mutants and parental strains in non-soil media may not accurately reflect their competitiveness in soil systems. For both the Cape Fear and Dothan soils, recovery of a given mutant from nodules of field-grown plants was always lower than from nodules of plants grown in the greenhouse. Inoculation of the entire rooting zone in the greenhouse experiment and of only a portion of the rooting zone in the field experiments may account for this difference in recovery. Techniques that increase the volume of soil inoculated may enhance nodulation by inoculant strains. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Israel, DW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Sci, Box 7619, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 44 IS 8 BP 753 EP 758 DI 10.1139/cjm-44-8-753 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 136TW UT WOS:000076876100006 ER PT J AU Potter, KN Williams, JR Larney, FJ Bullock, MS AF Potter, KN Williams, JR Larney, FJ Bullock, MS TI Evaluation of EPIC's wind erosion submodel using data from southern Alberta SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE field length; surface water content; sediment losses ID FIELD; SOIL; MODELS AB Wind erosion models have been used to assess policy impacts on soil erosion, but validation of models has been difficult until recently. We evaluated the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) wind erosion submodel by comparing simulation results to field measured wind erosion sediment losses. Using standard model inputs and actual wind velocities, wind erosion was simulated for a field near Lethbridge, Alberta (49 degrees 37'N, 112 degrees 38'W) where field measurements of wind erosion were made in April 1992 on a Dark Brown Chernozemic soil. The EPIC submodel predicted erosion losses for each day that erosion was measured, and approximated the magnitude of erosion on six of the seven erosion events. EPIC significantly overestimated erosion for one event and also simulated erosion on 3 d when no erosion was recorded. Field length had a larger effect on simulation results during large erosion events than for smaller events. The effect of surface soil water content on wind erosion appeared to be captured by the model, but only limited data were available to evaluate this aspect. Other portions of the model such as the effects of surface roughness and vegetative cover could not be evaluated in this study. C1 ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Texas Agr Expt Stn, Blackland Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. RP Potter, KN (reprint author), 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4271 J9 CAN J SOIL SCI JI Can. J. Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 78 IS 3 BP 485 EP 492 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 132AT UT WOS:000076608100011 ER PT J AU Nichols, DS AF Nichols, DS TI Temperature of upland and peatland soils in a north central Minnesota forest SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil temperature; vegetation effects; forest soils; groundwater; peatlands ID THERMAL REGIMES; METHANE; SURFACE; CANADA AB Soil temperature strongly influences physical, chemical, and biological activities in soil. However, soil temperature data for forest landscapes are scarce. For 6 yr, weekly soil temperatures were measured at two upland and four peatland sites in north central Minnesota. One upland site supported mature aspen forest, the other supported short grass. One peatland site was forested with black spruce, one supported tall willow and alder brush, and two had open vegetation - sedges and low shrubs. Mean annual air temperature averaged 3.6 degrees C. Mean annual soil temperatures at 10- to 200-cm depths ranged from 5.5 to 7.6 degrees C among the six sites. Soils with open vegetation, whether mineral or peat, averaged about 1 degrees C warmer annually and from 2 to 3 degrees C warmer during summer than the forested soils. The tall brush peatland was cooler than all other sites due to strong groundwater inputs. The mineral soils warmed more quickly in the spring, achieved higher temperatures in the summer, and cooled more quickly in the fall than the peat soils; however, the greatest temperature differences between mineral and peat soils occurred at or below 50 cm. In the upper 20 cm, vegetation and groundwater had greater effects on temperature than did soil type (mineral or peat). Summer soil temperatures were higher, relative to air temperature, during periods of greater precipitation. This effect was minimal at upland sites but substantial in the peatlands. In spite of the persistent sub-freezing air temperatures typical of Minnesota winters, significant frost developed in the soils only in those years when severe cold weather arrived before an insulating cover of snow had accumulated. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Nichols, DS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4271 J9 CAN J SOIL SCI JI Can. J. Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 78 IS 3 BP 493 EP 509 PG 17 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 132AT UT WOS:000076608100012 ER PT J AU Roloff, G de Jong, R Zentner, RP Campbell, CA Benson, VW AF Roloff, G de Jong, R Zentner, RP Campbell, CA Benson, VW TI Estimating spring wheat yield variability with EPIC SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE semiarid temperate climate; crop model; potential evapotranspiration ID TERM CROP-ROTATION; 1ST 12 YEARS; SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN; SIMULATION-MODELS; WATER; SOIL; GRAIN; PRAIRIE AB The Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model has been used on the semiarid temperate Canadian Prairies to estimate crop yield, soil erosion loss, and water and nitrate dynamics. While its estimates of long-term average yields are accurate for most purposes, additional model development is desirable to fully reflect year-to-year variability. We tested the precision of EPIC (version 5300) in estimating mean yields and in replicating yearly yield variability as influenced by the potential evapotranspiration (PET) method, using field data from a 27-yr crop rotation experiment at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. Rotations tested ranged from continuous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to fallow-wheat-wheat. Mean estimated yields were compared with measured yields (MY) and detrended yields (DY). Estimated yields and MYs were further compared by regression, ratio of variances due to lack-of-fit and to experimental errors (R), and model efficiency (EF). Mean yields estimated using the Penman-Monteith and the Priestly-Taylor PET methods resulted in significant underestimations, associated with high annual PET values, and were not analysed further. The Hargreaves (H) and Baier-Robertson (BR) PET methods resulted in mean yields not different than MY or DY for most cases, especially the BR method. EPIC with the H method accounted for 18 to 66% of the variability in annual yield estimation, whereas the BR method accounted for 29 to 60%. These were slightly, but not significantly, lower than results obtained with regionally derived statistical crop models. Overall EPIC with the BR PET method provided yield estimates accurate and precise enough for long term studies. The relatively high R and low EF values obtained, though, suggest further improvements in EPIC are necessary to better replicate yearly yield variability. Analysis of yield residuals indicated that EPIC may not be simulating accurately enough the water balance and its effects throughout the off-season and in the early part of the growing season. C1 Univ Fed Parana, Dept Soil Sci, BR-80060000 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. Semiarid Prairie Agr Res Ctr, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, NRCS, Temple, TX USA. RP Roloff, G (reprint author), Univ Fed Parana, Dept Soil Sci, BR-80060000 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4271 J9 CAN J SOIL SCI JI Can. J. Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 78 IS 3 BP 541 EP 549 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 132AT UT WOS:000076608100016 ER PT J AU Roloff, G de Jong, R Campbell, CA Zentner, RP Benson, VM AF Roloff, G de Jong, R Campbell, CA Zentner, RP Benson, VM TI EPIC estimates of soil water, nitrogen and carbon under semiarid temperate conditions SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE environmental quality; environmental modelling; sustainability; spring wheat; fallow; potential evapotranspiration methods ID SPRING WHEAT; SIMULATION; MODEL; YIELD; MOISTURE; PRAIRIE; REGION AB The Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) model is an important support tool for environmental management. Previous tests of the model have determined that it is suitable for long-term yield estimation, but it is less precise in assessing annual yield variability. To determine the reasons for the discrepancies between estimated and measured yields, we tested the ability of EPIC version 5300 to predict soil water and soil nitrogen dynamics, using data from a long-term spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation experiment in the semiarid prairie region of Canada. Potential evapotranspiration (PET) estimates varied among methods tested: Priestley-Taylor and Penman-Monteith methods resulted in PET means that were about twice those obtained with the Hargreaves and Baier-Robertson methods. The higher PET means were associated with an excessive estimation of net radiation. We used the Baier-Robertson method to generate the other estimates reported herein. EPIC generally overestimated total soil water, but it still allowed clear differentiation among rotation phases and times of the year, and provided adequate estimates of water during the critical shot-blade stage. Water estimates by soil layer were also generally overpredicted, especially at depths from 0.15 to 0.60 m, but we were able to differentiate among rotation phases and times of the year. Precision of these latter estimates was generally low, accounting at most for 27% of the variability, and varied by soil layer, rotation phase and time of the year. Nitrate-N estimates. tended to be lower than measured values, especially at depths below 0.3 m and during vegetative growth phases. However, the estimates also allowed us to distinguish among the rotation phases and times of the year. Total N and organic C were satisfactorily estimated by EPIC. In general, EPIC provided adequate long-term estimates of the environmental quality indicators tested. C1 Univ Fed Parana, Dept Soil Sci, BR-80060000 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. Semiarid Prairie Agr Res Ctr, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, NRCS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Roloff, G (reprint author), Univ Fed Parana, Dept Soil Sci, BR-80060000 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 6 PU AGR INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA SUITE 907 151 SLATER ST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5H4, CANADA SN 0008-4271 J9 CAN J SOIL SCI JI Can. J. Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 78 IS 3 BP 551 EP 562 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 132AT UT WOS:000076608100017 ER PT J AU McConnell, LL Bidleman, TF AF McConnell, LL Bidleman, TF TI Collection of two-ring aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated phenols, guaiacols, and benzenes from ambient air using polyurethane foam Tenax-GC cartridges SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID ADSORBENT SANDWICH CARTRIDGES; TRACE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; URBAN AIR; GAS-PHASE; PESTICIDES; PARTICLE; SAMPLER; ONTARIO; RAIN AB Two-ring aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated phenols, guaiacols, and benzenes and were measured in ambient air at three locations using a high volume air sampler equipped with a glass fiber filter followed by a polyurethane foam/Tenax-GC (PUF-TX) sandwich cartridge. Isotopically-labeled surrogate compounds were spiked on to the front of the cartridge before sampling to assess collection efficiency in the field. Surrogate recoveries from ten sample extracts averaged 87 +/- 19% for 2,4-dichlorophenol-d(3); 111 +/- 26% for pentachlorophenol-C-13(6); 40 +/- 22% for naphthalene-d(8); and 75 +/- 18% for biphenyl-d(10). With the exception of the most volatile surrogate, naphthalene-d(8), collection efficiency of the PUF-TX traps was acceptable. The highest average concentrations at all three locations were observed for the aromatic hydrocarbons followed by the chlorinated benzenes, chlorinated phenols and the chlorinated guaiacols. This technique allows for ambient monitoring of these more volatile compound classes with commercially available high volume air sampling equipment. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP McConnell, LL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bldg 007,Rm 225, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI McConnell, Laura/H-1519-2011; Bidleman, Terry/F-6287-2011 OI Bidleman, Terry/0000-0001-7469-0532 NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD AUG PY 1998 VL 37 IS 5 BP 885 EP 898 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00092-7 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 103XP UT WOS:000074983400005 ER PT J AU Watkins, KB Lu, YC Reddy, VR AF Watkins, KB Lu, YC Reddy, VR TI An economic evaluation of alternative pix application strategies for cotton production using GOSSYM/COMAX SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE expected lint yields; expected returns; mepiquat chloride; soil type; weather ID MEPIQUAT CHLORIDE AB The plant growth regulator pix (mepiquat chloride) is used extensively throughout the USA cotton belt to control excessive plant growth and to enhance early crop maturity in cotton production. Economic returns from pix use can vary greatly across different production environments. This study evaluates the economic returns to dryland cotton obtained from 12 different pix application strategies under two different soil types (Bosket sandy loam and Dundee silty clay loam) and three different weather conditions (normal, cold-wet, and hot-dry) in the Mississippi delta using simulated output from the GOSSYM/COMAX cotton management system. The most profitable pix application strategies varied by soil type. Also, economic returns were larger when using different pix application strategies for different weather conditions as opposed to using one pix application strategy for all weather conditions. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, NRI Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Watkins, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, NRI Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, BARC W, Bldg 007,Room 008, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bwatkins@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 30 TC 3 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 20 IS 3 BP 251 EP 262 DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(98)00023-4 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 115WF UT WOS:000075688800005 ER PT J AU Ascough, JC Deer-Ascough, LA Weesies, GA AF Ascough, JC Deer-Ascough, LA Weesies, GA TI CPIDS: a plant parameter selection program for erosion prediction modeling SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE computer software; database; erosion models; crop characteristics; soil loss ID SOIL LOSS EQUATION; GROWTH; BEANGRO; RUSLE AB Newly developed erosion prediction models require detailed input parameters including those describing cropping systems. Each model exhibits a different level of complexity for crop growth modeling, and many plant parameters for these models are difficult to obtain. Furthermore, numerous parameters require interpretation from other measurable plant characteristics. We developed a database containing measurable plant characteristics to supply users of these new erosion prediction technologies with the necessary parameters. The new database supports the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) erosion prediction models. The Crop Parameter Intelligent Database System (CPIDS) was developed to assist crop database builders and users of RUSLE and WEPP in interpretation of plant characteristics and selection of plant parameters. CPIDS is a Microsoft(R) Windows(R)-based program, currently running on a personal computer (PC) under Windows 3.1(TM), Windows 95(TM) and Windows NT 4.0(TM). (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80527 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ascough, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, 301 S Howes St,POB E, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM ascough@gpsr.colostate.edu NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 EI 1872-7107 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 20 IS 3 BP 263 EP 276 DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(98)00020-9 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 115WF UT WOS:000075688800006 ER PT J AU Warnock, N Bishop, MA AF Warnock, N Bishop, MA TI Spring stopover ecology of migrant Western Sandpipers SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE body condition; Calidris mauri; migration; Pacific Flyway; radiotelemetry; shorebirds; Western Sandpiper ID OPTIMAL FAT LOADS; BODY-MASS; CALIDRIS-MAURI; PREDATION RISK; SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPERS; MIGRATION CHRONOLOGY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SEX-RATIO; SHOREBIRDS; DISTANCE AB We describe stopover ecology for 132 migrant radiomarked Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) relocated repeatedly along the Pacific Flyway of North America. Eighty-eight percent of radiomarked birds were detected at 1-5 sites north of their banding sites, at distances ranging from 240-4,000 km away. We compare length of stay and physical indices of Western Sandpipers banded at coastal sites (San Francisco Bay, California and Grays Harbor, Washington), and an interior, western Great Basin site (Honey Lake, California). Western Sandpipers radiomarked at the interior site had significantly shorter length of stays than birds radiomarked at coastal sites, and they had significantly lower fat scores. The ephemeral nature of Great Basin stopover sites and an increased risk of predation may explain some of this variation. Fat and body condition indexes explained little of the observed variation in length of stay of Western Sandpipers at banding and other stopover sites. Length of stay of birds radiomarked at Grays Harbor were significantly longer compared to birds radiomarked to the south that also stopped at Grays Harbor, suggesting a potential capture effect on length of stay of birds at banding sites. Mean length of stays at seven sites other than banding sites ranged from 1.1-3.3 days and were not significantly affected by sex of bird, year of study, or banding location. Length of stay of male Western Sandpipers at the Copper River Delta, Alaska became significantly shorter later in the migration period, but not for females. Coastal sites along the Pacific Flyway from San Francisco to the breeding grounds generally function as stopovers for Western Sandpipers instead of staging areas. C1 Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. US Forest Serv, Cooper River Delta Inst, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Warnock, N (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM warnocks@fsl.orst.edu NR 52 TC 81 Z9 86 U1 4 U2 23 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 1998 VL 100 IS 3 BP 456 EP 467 DI 10.2307/1369711 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 109EH UT WOS:000075307900005 ER PT J AU Ralph, CJ Fancy, SG Male, TM AF Ralph, CJ Fancy, SG Male, TM TI Demography of an introduced red-billed Leiothrix population in Hawaii SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE alien species; avian disease; demography; Hawaii; Leiothrix lutea; Red-billed Leiothrix ID BIRDS; MOVEMENTS; SURVIVAL; MALARIA; AKEPA; IIWI AB Relative abundance, timing of breeding and molting, annual survival, and philopatry of an introduced population of Red-billed Leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea) were studied at four sires on the island of Hawaii. Numbers of leiothrix on our study areas showed a regular cyclical pattern, with highest numbers during the breeding season. Peak breeding occurred May-August, followed by peak molting of flight and body feathers in August-October. Flocking behavior increased post-breeding, and many leiothrix left the study areas during the fall and winter months. Populations on two intensive study areas were stable, with high annual survival (x +/- SE = 0.581 +/- 0.115 for hatching-year birds and 0.786 +/- 0.047 for adults). Leiothrix seem to be relatively unaffected by avian diseases that have decimated some Hawaiian bird populations, and yet reasons for their large historical population fluctuations remain unexplained. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Zool, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Fancy, SG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Pacific Isl Ecosyst Res Ctr, POB 44,Hawaii Natl Pk, Honolulu, HI 96718 USA. EM cjralph@humboldt1.com; steve_fancy@usgs.gov NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 3 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 1998 VL 100 IS 3 BP 468 EP 473 DI 10.2307/1369712 PG 6 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 109EH UT WOS:000075307900006 ER PT J AU Gavin, TA Reynolds, RT Joy, SM Leslie, D May, B AF Gavin, TA Reynolds, RT Joy, SM Leslie, D May, B TI Genetic evidence for low frequency of extra-pair fertilizations in northern Goshawks SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Accipiter gentilis; allozymes; EPCs; EPFs; Northern Goshawk ID COPULATION BEHAVIOR; SPERM STORAGE; ACCIPITER; BIRDS; KESTRELS; FOOD AB We collected blood for allozyme analysis from Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis atricapillus) on the Kaibab Plateau in northern Arizona during 1991-1993 to quantify frequency of extra-pair fertilizations (EPFs). Northern Goshawks are socially monogamous, territorial, noncolonial, synchronous breeders, and their nests are relatively far apart, characteristics that suggest that EPFs should be low. We sampled 103 adults and 122 nestlings from 64 nests. Both putative parents were sampled at 39 nests, but we were able to capture and sample only one putative parent at 25 other nests (84%, female only: 16%, male only). Of the 39 complete families sampled, only 1 of 77 (1.3%) nestlings (or in 1 of 39 clutches, 2.6%) had a genotype not consistent with both parents; the male was excluded as the genetic father of this nestling. When this estimate was adjusted based upon the probability of excluding a putative father when he is not the actual father, the estimate of nestlings sired by EPFs was 9.4% in 1991 and zero in 1992 and 1993. There was no evidence of egg-dumping. Our data suggest that EPFs are infrequent in Northern Goshawks breeding in northern Arizona, a result consistent with characteristics of their mating system. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Gavin, TA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Reynolds, Richard/C-2190-2014 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD AUG PY 1998 VL 100 IS 3 BP 556 EP 560 DI 10.2307/1369724 PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 109EH UT WOS:000075307900018 ER PT J AU Bouzat, JL Cheng, HH Lewin, HA Westemeier, RL Brawn, JD Paige, KN AF Bouzat, JL Cheng, HH Lewin, HA Westemeier, RL Brawn, JD Paige, KN TI Genetic evaluation of a demographic bottleneck in the Greater Prairie Chicken SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INBREEDING DEPRESSION; POPULATION BOTTLENECK; IPOMOPSIS-AGGREGATA; CONSERVATION; VARIABILITY; SIZE; FLOW AB Although the theoretical relationship between population size, fitness, and genetic variation is well established, only a few studies have provided direct evidence that ties a decline in both genetic variation and fitness to a demographic bottleneck for a natural system. We report on a genetic comparison of four populations of the Greater Prairie Chicken (Tympanuchus cupido) with different demographic histories. Specifically, we compared a population from Illinois that has suffered an extreme demographic contraction and an associated decline in population fitness (measured in terms of hatchability rates) with populations from Kansas, Nebraska, and Minnesota with no known history of bottlenecks or associated declines in fitness. Using the polymerase chain reaction, we amplified six microsatellite loci from which levels of heterozygosity, allelic diversity, and geographic differentiation (F-ST and R-ST) of the studied populations were estimated. Results of this analysis showed that the Illinois Prairie Chicken had the lowest estimate of mean heterozygosity per locus and approximately two-thirds the allelic diversity, sharing 95-100% of all their alleles with each of the other populations. This finding suggests that the Illinois Prairie Chicken originally had higher levels of genetic diversity that were subsequently lost through an extreme demographic contraction. To our knowledge this is the first example of loss of genetic diversity being associated with a decrease in population fitness as a result of a known demographic bottleneck in a wild bird species. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Ecol Ethol & Evolut, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL 61801 USA. RP Bouzat, JL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Ecol Ethol & Evolut, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM bouzat@uiuc.edu NR 47 TC 115 Z9 117 U1 4 U2 47 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 BP 836 EP 843 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.97164.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 106YV UT WOS:000075179800016 ER PT J AU Haight, RG Mladenoff, DJ Wydeven, AP AF Haight, RG Mladenoff, DJ Wydeven, AP TI Modeling disjunct gray wolf populations in semi-wild landscapes SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES REGION; WINTERS SNOW; WOLVES; CONSERVATION; MINNESOTA; HABITAT; DEER; VIABILITY; SURVIVAL; HISTORY AB Gray wolves (Canis lupus) in parts of the United States and Europe live in networks of disjunct populations, many of which are close to human settlement. Because wolf management goals include sustaining disjunct populations, it is important to ask what types of areas and protections are needed for population survival. To predict the effects of different levels of human-caused mortality, we created a simulation model for a disjunct wolf population living in a semi-wild landscape with abundant, well distributed prey. The landscape included a maximum of 16 territories divided into core and peripheral range. The mortality rate in the core range was 20%, whereas the mortality rate in peripheral range (40%) was higher because of human-caused deaths. We examined the relationship between the proportions of core and peripheral range and the 50-year occupancy of that range by wolf packs, given different assumptions about pup and dispersal mortality and immigration. Simulations showed that occupancy increased as the number of core sites increased, but curve location depended on parameter assumptions. With pup and dispersal mortality rates consistent with those for disease-free and legally protected populations, wolves saturated a 16-territory cluster with as few as two core sites, regardless of immigration rate. When populations had high pup or dispersal mortality, as few as two immigrants per year helped maintain high (>80%) site occupancy in clusters with four or more core sites. Small numbers of immigrants were also important for sustaining colonizing populations and buffering the negative effects of increased environmental variation. The simulations supported the claim that wolves can survive in disjunct populations provided that wolves can move between populations, human persecution is not excessive, and prey is abundant. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources Bur Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Pk Falls, WI 54552 USA. RP Haight, RG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 38 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 BP 879 EP 888 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.97103.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 106YV UT WOS:000075179800020 ER PT J AU Mao, W Lewis, JA Lumsden, RD Hebbar, KP AF Mao, W Lewis, JA Lumsden, RD Hebbar, KP TI Biocontrol of selected soilborne diseases of tomato and pepper plants SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE biocontrol agents; Burkholderia cepacia; Capsicum anuum; Fusarium oxysporum; Gliocladium virens; Lycopersicon esculentum; Phytophthora capsici; Pythium ultimum; Rhizoctonia solani; Sclerotium rolfsii; seed treatment; soil drench ID PHYTOPHTHORA ROOT-ROT; PYTHIUM DAMPING-OFF; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; SEED TREATMENT; FUSARIUM; BLIGHT; FUNGI AB Biocontrol of soilborne diseases of tomato caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum alone or in combination with Sclerotium rolfsii and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici were studied in the greenhouse and field. Soilborne diseases of pepper caused by the first three pathogens were also studied alone or in combination with Phytophthora capsici. Tomato and pepper seeds were treated with biomass of Gliocladium virens (G1-3) and Burkholderia cepacia (Bc-F)I individually and in combination, and planted in pathogen-infested soilless mix. Seedling stands for tomato from treated seeds were comparable to that in non-infested soilless mix. Although seed treatments with individual biocontrol agents reduced damping-off in peppers, only the G1-3 + Bc-F treatment resulted in stands similar to the non-infested control. When healthy seedlings of both crops were transplanted into pathogen-infested soil/soilless mix in the greenhouse, and supplementary root drenches of suspensions of GI-3, Bc-F, and G1-3 + Bc-F were applied, the plant fresh weight was significantly greater and the disease severity (DSI) significantly less than for infested controls. When transplants were set out into infested field plots, the combined GI-3 + Bc-F application resulted in greater fresh weight and lower DSI for pepper. and greater fruit yield for tomato than those obtained with either G1-3 or Bc-F alone. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mao, W (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jlewis@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 29 TC 42 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 17 IS 6 BP 535 EP 542 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(98)00055-6 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 129QX UT WOS:000076475400010 ER PT J AU Purdy, CW Cooley, JD Straus, DC AF Purdy, CW Cooley, JD Straus, DC TI Pasteurella haemolytica ultraviolet-irradiated vaccine by parenteral and aerosol routes compared in the goat model SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSTHORACIC CHALLENGE EXPOSURE; RESISTANCE; CALVES AB Positive control 1 (PC1) (n = 9) goats were injected transthoracically into the left lung with live Pasteurella haemolytica biovar A, serovar 1 (PhA1) in polyacrylate (PA) beads on days 0 and 21. Positive control 2 (PC2) (n = 6) goats were nebulized with live PhA1 and PA beads on days 0 and 21. Negative control (NC) goats (n = 6) were each injected transthoracically into the left lung with PA beads alone on days 0 and 21. Four groups (n = 6) were administered PA beads mixed with ultraviolet (UV) killed PhA1 on days 0 and 21. The treatment doses of bacteria for these groups were principal group 1 (PR1) injected into the left lung (7.7 X 10(10) cfu); PR2, 7.7 X 10(10) UV-killed PhA1 injected subcutaneously (SC); PR3, 7.7 X 10(10) W-killed PhA1 injected SC only on day 21; PR4, nebulized with PA beads mixed with 5.6 X 10(10) cfu of UV-killed PhA1; and PR5, nebulized with PA beads mixed with 5 X 10(8) cfu of UV-killed PhA1. All goats were challenged transthoracically in the right lung with 1 X 10(8) cfu of live PhA1 on day 42 and necropsied on day 46. The sizes of consolidated lung lesions at the challenge site were used as a measure of immunity. The data show that the introduction of live PhA1 into the lungs of goats, either by injection or aerosolization, offers excellent protection against a subsequent homologous challenge. The data also demonstrate that two transthoracic injections (21 days apart) of UV-killed PhA1 (PR1), and subcutaneous injection of UV-killed PhA1 (PR2) also offer excellent protection against a subsequent homologous live PhA1 challenge. One SC injection of UV-killed PhA1 (PR3) appears to offer only partial protection against a subsequent homologous live PhA1 challenge. Inhalation of UV-killed PhA1 mixed with PA beads (PR4 and PR5) induced no protection in goats against a subsequent live PhA1 transthoracic challenge. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, USDA, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Straus, DC (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 37 IS 2 BP 132 EP 136 DI 10.1007/s002849900351 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 100VQ UT WOS:000074836400010 PM 9662614 ER PT J AU Carpenter, SR Caraco, NF Correll, DL Howarth, RW Sharpley, AN Smith, VH AF Carpenter, SR Caraco, NF Correll, DL Howarth, RW Sharpley, AN Smith, VH TI Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE agriculture; estuary; eutrophication; lake; nitrogen; nonpoint pollution; phosphorus; river; runoff; stream ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; LAKES; WETLANDS; QUALITY; TOXINS AB Agriculture and urban activities are major sources of phosphorus and nitrogen to aquatic ecosystems. Atmospheric deposition further contributes as a source of N. These nonpoint inputs of nutrients are difficult to measure and regulate because they derive from activities dispersed over wide areas of land and are variable in time due to effects of weather. In aquatic ecosystems, these nutrients cause diverse problems such as toxic algal blooms, loss of oxygen, fish kills, loss of biodiversity (including species important for commerce and recreation), loss of aquatic plant beds and coral reefs, and other problems. Nutrient enrichment seriously degrades aquatic ecosystems and impairs the use of water for drinking, industry, agriculture, recreation, and other purposes. Based on our review of the scientific literature, we are certain that (1) eutrophication is a widespread problem in rivers, lakes, estuaries, and coastal oceans, caused by over-enrichment with P and N; (2) nonpoint pollution, a major source of P and N to surface waters of the United States, results primarily from agriculture and urban activity, including industry; (3) inputs of P and N to agriculture in the form of fertilizers exceed outputs in produce in the United States and many other nations; (4) nutrient flows to aquatic ecosystems are directly related to animal stocking densities, and under high livestock densities, manure production exceeds the needs of crops to which the manure is applied; (5) excess fertilization and manure production cause a P surplus to accumulate in soil, some of which is transported to aquatic ecosystems; and (6) excess fertilization and manure production on agricultural lands create surplus N, which is mobile in many soils and often leaches to downstream aquatic ecosystems, and which can also volatilize to the atmosphere, redepositing elsewhere and eventually reaching aquatic ecosystems. If current practices continue, nonpoint pollution of surface waters is virtually certain to increase in the future. Such an outcome is not inevitable, however, because a number of technologies, land use practices, and conservation measures are capable of decreasing the flow of nonpoint P and N into surface waters. From our review of the available scientific information, we are confident that: (1) nonpoint pollution of surface waters with P and N could be reduced by reducing surplus nutrient flows in agricultural systems and processes, reducing agricultural and urban runoff by diverse methods, and reducing N emissions from fossil fuel burning; and (2) eutrophication can be reversed by decreasing input rates of P and N to aquatic ecosystems, but rates of recovery are highly variable among water bodies. Often, the eutrophic state is persistent, and recovery is slow. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. Cornell Univ, Ecol & Systemat Sect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, USDA, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Systemat & Ecol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Carpenter, SR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, 680 N Pk St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Rodrigues, Flavio/A-8724-2014 OI Rodrigues, Flavio/0000-0001-8538-0089 NR 74 TC 2271 Z9 2436 U1 359 U2 2343 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 8 IS 3 BP 559 EP 568 DI 10.2307/2641247 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 107PZ UT WOS:000075219300001 ER PT J AU Wear, DN Turner, MG Naiman, RJ AF Wear, DN Turner, MG Naiman, RJ TI Land cover along an urban-rural gradient: Implications for water quality SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE land-cover dynamics; landscape ecology; simulation modeling; southern Appalachians; water quality ID PATTERNS AB Development pressures in rural mountainous areas of the United States hold crucial implications for water quality. Especially important are changes in the extent and pattern of various land uses. We examine how position along an urban-rural gradient affects landscape patterns in a southern Appalachian watershed, first by testing for the effect of distance from an urban center on land-cover change probabilities and then simulating the implied development of a landscape at regular distance intervals. By simulating a common hypothetical landscape we control for variable landscape conditions and define how land development might proceed in the future. Results indicate that position along the urban-rural gradient has a significant effect on land-cover changes on private lands but not on public lands, Furthermore, position along the gradient has a compounding effect on land-cover changes through interactions with other variables such as slope. Simulation results indicate that these differences in land-cover changes would give rise to unique "landscape signatures" along the urban-rural gradient. By examining a development sequence, we identify patterns of change that may be most significant for water quality. Two locations along the urban-rural gradient may hold disproportionate influence over water quality in the future: (1) at the most remote portion of the landscape and (2) at the outer envelope of urban expansion. These findings demonstrate how landscape simulation approaches can be used to identify where and how land use decisions may have critical influence over environmental quality, thereby focusing both future research and monitoring efforts and watershed protection measures. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wear, DN (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, POB 12254, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Turner, Monica/B-2099-2010; Naiman, Robert /K-3113-2012 NR 21 TC 91 Z9 105 U1 4 U2 31 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 8 IS 3 BP 619 EP 630 DI 10.2307/2641254 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 107PZ UT WOS:000075219300008 ER PT J AU Fenn, ME Poth, MA Aber, JD Baron, JS Bormann, BT Johnson, DW Lemly, AD McNulty, SG Ryan, DE Stottlemyer, R AF Fenn, ME Poth, MA Aber, JD Baron, JS Bormann, BT Johnson, DW Lemly, AD McNulty, SG Ryan, DE Stottlemyer, R TI Nitrogen excess in North American ecosystems: Predisposing factors, ecosystem responses, and management strategies SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE atmospheric nitrogen deposition; eutrophication; forest ecosystems; nitrate leaching; nitrogen cycling; nitrogen saturation; soil acidification ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GREAT-SMOKY-MOUNTAINS; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; TEMPERATE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; MINNOWS PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; FERNOW-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; PONDEROSA PINE-SEEDLINGS; SITKA SPRUCE PLANTATION; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION AB Most forests in North America remain nitrogen limited, although recent studies have identified forested areas that exhibit symptoms of N excess, analogous to overfertilization of arable land. Nitrogen excess in watersheds is detrimental because of disruptions in plant/soil nutrient relations, increased soil acidification and aluminum mobility, increased emissions of nitrogenous greenhouse gases from soil, reduced methane consumption in soil, decreased water quality, toxic effects on freshwater biota, and eutrophication of coastal marine waters. Elevated nitrate (NO3-) loss to groundwater or surface waters is the primary symptom of N excess. Additional symptoms include increasing N concentrations and higher N:nutrient ratios in foliage (i.e., N:Mg, N:P), foliar accumulation of amino acids or NO3-, and low soil C:N ratios. Recent nitrogen-fertilization studies in New England and Europe provide preliminary evidence that some forests receiving chronic N inputs may decline in productivity and experience greater mortality. Long-term fertilization at Mount Ascutney, Vermont, suggests that declining and slow N-cycling coniferous stands may be replaced by fast-growing and fast N-cycling deciduous forests. Symptoms of N saturation are particularly severe in high-elevation, nonaggrading spruce-fir ecosystems in the Appalachian Mountains and in eastern hardwood watersheds at the Fernow Experimental Forest near Parsons, West Virginia. In the Los Angeles Air Basin, mixed conifer forests and chaparral watersheds with high smog exposure are N saturated and exhibit the highest streamwater NO3- concentrations for wildlands in North America. High-elevation alpine watersheds in the Colorado Front Range and a deciduous forest in Ontario, Canada, are N saturated, although N deposition is moderate (similar to 8 kg.ha(-1)yr(-1)). In contrast, the Harvard Forest hardwood stand in Massachusetts has absorbed > 900 kg N/ha during 8 yr of N amendment studies without significant NO3- leaching, illustrating that ecosystems vary widely in the capacity to retain N inputs. Overly mature forests with high N deposition, high soil N stores, and low soil C:N ratios are prone to N saturation and NO3- leaching. Additional characteristics favoring low N retention capacity include a short growing season (reduced plant N demand) and reduced contact time between drainage water and soil (i.e., porous coarse-textured soils, exposed bedrock or talus). Temporal patterns of hydrologic fluxes interact with biotic uptake and internal cycling patterns in determining ecosystem N retention. Soils are the largest storage pool for N inputs, although vegetation uptake is also important. Recent studies indicate that nitrification may be widespread in undisturbed ecosystems, and that microbial assimilation of NO3- may be a significant N retention mechanism, contrary to previous assumptions. Further studies are needed to elucidate the sites, forms, and mechanisms of N retention and incorporation into soil organic matter, and to test potential management options for mitigating N losses from forests, Implementation of intensive management practices in N-saturated ecosystems may only be feasible in high-priority areas and on a limited scale. Reduction of N emissions would be a preferable solution, although major reductions in the near future are unlikely in many areas due to economic, energy-use, policy, and demographic considerations. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Colorado State Univ, US Geol Survey, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDI, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, US Forest Serv, USDA, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20090 USA. US Forest Serv, US Geol Survey, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RI Baron, Jill/C-5270-2016 OI Baron, Jill/0000-0002-5902-6251 NR 292 TC 478 Z9 551 U1 49 U2 382 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 8 IS 3 BP 706 EP 733 DI 10.2307/2641261 PG 28 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 107PZ UT WOS:000075219300015 ER PT J AU White, JD Running, SW Thornton, PE Keane, RE Ryan, KC Fagre, DB Key, CH AF White, JD Running, SW Thornton, PE Keane, RE Ryan, KC Fagre, DB Key, CH TI Assessing simulated ecosystem processes for climate variability research at Glacier National Park, USA SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; CARBON ALLOCATION; REGIONAL APPLICATIONS; VEGETATION MODEL; WATERSHED SCALE; PONDEROSA PINE; LODGEPOLE PINE; SOIL-MOISTURE; GENERAL-MODEL; GLOBAL CHANGE AB Glacier National Park served as a test site for ecosystem analyses that involved a suite of integrated models embedded within a geographic information system. The goal of the exercise was to provide managers with maps that could illustrate probable shifts in vegetation, net primary production (NPP), and hydrologic responses associated with two selected climatic scenarios. The climatic scenarios were (a) a recent 12-yr record of weather data, and (b) a reconstituted set that sequentially introduced in repeated 3-yr intervals wetter-cooler, drier-warmer, and typical conditions. To extrapolate the implications of changes in ecosystem processes and resulting growth and distribution of vegetation and snowpack, the model incorporated geographic data. With underlying digital elevation maps, soil depth and texture, extrapolated climate, and current information on vegetation types and satellite-derived estimates of leaf area indices, simulations were extended to envision how the park might look after 120 yr. The predictions of change included underlying processes affecting the availability of water and nitrogen. Considerable field data were acquired to compare with model predictions under current climatic conditions. In general, the integrated landscape models of ecosystem processes had good agreement with measured NPP, snowpack, and streamflow, but the exercise revealed the difficulty and necessity of averaging point measurements across landscapes to achieve comparable results with modeled values. Under the extremely variable climate scenario significant changes in vegetation composition and growth as well as hydrologic responses were predicted across the park. In particular, a general rise in both the upper and lower limits of treeline was predicted. These shifts would probably occur along with a variety of disturbances (fire, insect, and disease outbreaks) as predictions of physiological stress (water, nutrients, light) altered competitive relations and hydrologic responses. The use of integrated landscape models applied in this exercise should provide managers with insights into the underlying processes important in maintaining community structure, and at the same time, locate where changes on the landscape are most likely to occur. C1 Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59847 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Intermt Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. USGS, Biol Resource Div, W Glacier, MT 59936 USA. RP White, JD (reprint author), Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Numer Terradynam Simulat Grp, Missoula, MT 59847 USA. RI Thornton, Peter/B-9145-2012 OI Thornton, Peter/0000-0002-4759-5158 NR 79 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 8 IS 3 BP 805 EP 823 DI 10.2307/2641268 PG 19 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 107PZ UT WOS:000075219300022 ER PT J AU Sharov, AA Liebhold, AM AF Sharov, AA Liebhold, AM TI Bioeconomics of managing the spread of exotic pest species with barrier zones SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE barrier zone; bioeconomics; biological invasion; cost-benefit model; eradication; exotic species; gypsy moth; Lymantria dispar; pest control; spread rate ID GYPSY-MOTH; DYNAMICS AB Exotic pests are serious threats to North American ecosystems; thus, economic analysis of decisions about eradication, stopping, or slowing their spread may be critical to ecosystem management. We present a model to analyze costs and benefits of altering the spread rates of invading organisms. The target rate of population expansion (which may be positive or negative) is considered as a control function, and the present value of net benefits from managing population spread is the criterion that is maximized. Two local maxima of the present value of net benefits are possible: one for eradication and another for slowing the spread. If both maxima are present, their heights are compared, and the strategy that corresponds to a higher value is selected. The optimal strategy changes from eradication to slowing the spread to finally doing nothing, as the area occupied by the species increases, the negative impact of the pest per unit area decreases, or the discount rate increases. The model shows that slowing population spread is a viable strategy of pest control even when a relatively small area remains uninfested. Stopping population spread is not an optimal strategy unless natural barriers to population spread exist. The model is applied to managing the spread of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) populations in the United States. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Sharov, AA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Entomol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 41 TC 104 Z9 114 U1 2 U2 27 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 8 IS 3 BP 833 EP 845 DI 10.2307/2641270 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 107PZ UT WOS:000075219300024 ER PT J AU Imakawa, K Ji, Y Yamaguchi, H Tamura, K Weber, LW Sakai, S Christenson, RK AF Imakawa, K Ji, Y Yamaguchi, H Tamura, K Weber, LW Sakai, S Christenson, RK TI Co-expression of transforming growth factor beta and interferon tau during peri-implantation period in the ewe SO ENDOCRINE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta); interferon tau (IFN tau); ovine; implantation ID OVINE TROPHOBLAST PROTEIN-1; PREIMPLANTATION DEVELOPMENT; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; EARLY-PREGNANCY; MESSENGER-RNAS; CELLS; SHEEP; FIBROBLASTS; FIBRONECTIN; SEQUENCE AB The transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) family is known to control cell migration, growth, differentiation, function and regulation of extracellular matrix, all of which are required for the process of implantation. Expression of TGF beta by the conceptus and endometrium was studied during the period of implantation in the ewe. A total of thirty-four ewes were hysterectomized on day 12, 14, 16, 18 or 20 of pregnancy (day 0 = day of estrus). Conceptus (200 mg wet weight) and endometrial (300 mg wet weight) tissues were cultured in vitro in 7 and 10 mi Eagle's minimal essential medium, respectively. The culture media were subjected to a bioassay to determine concentrations of TGF beta. Conceptus culture media (CCM) were also analyzed for contents of ovine interferon-tau (oIFN tau), low molecular weight acidic protein, produced by the trophectoderm between days 8 and 21 of pregnancy. Whole uteri including conceptus(es) and conceptuses (day 16) only were fixed and subjected to immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization studies. Levels of oIFN tau produced by conceptuses were the highest on day 16 at 4.4 mu g/ml. Concentrations of TGF beta in day 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 CCM were 38 +/- 19, 102 +/- 56, 862 +/- 152, 728 +/- 191 and 336 +/- 106 pg/ml, respectively, and approximately 90% of TGF beta activity in CCM was due to TGF beta 1 whereas less than 10% was due to TGF beta 3 based on neutralization with TGF beta subtype-specific antibodies. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that day 16 conceptuses displayed major staining for TGF beta 1, no beta 2 staining and minor staining for beta 3. In situ hybridization studies also revealed that day 16 trophectoderm possessed most TGF beta 1 mRNA while day 14 trophectoderm and day 20 chorion/amnion displayed weaker staining for TGF beta 1 mRNA. TGF beta in day 12, 14, 16, 18 and day 20 endometrial culture media was 156 +/- 37, 129 +/- 33, 49 +/- 22, 62 +/- 23 and 179 +/- 40 pg/ml, respectively, and approximately 65% and 35% of the activities were due to TGF beta 1 and beta 2, respectively. These results indicate that TGF beta production by the conceptus coincides with the time when oIFN tau production starts to decline. These observations support the postulate that TGF beta may play an important role in implantation in the ovine species. C1 Univ Tokyo, Fac Agr, Lab Anim Breeding, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. Tokyo Univ Pharm & Life Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Hachioji, Tokyo 19203, Japan. ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Reprod Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Imakawa, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Fac Agr, Lab Anim Breeding, Bunkyo Ku, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN ENDOCRINE SOCIETY PI TOKYO PA C/O DEPT VETERINARY PHYSIOL, VET MED SCI, UNIV TOKYO, 1-1-1 YAYOI, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN SN 0918-8959 J9 ENDOCR J JI Endocr. J. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 45 IS 4 BP 441 EP 450 DI 10.1507/endocrj.45.441 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 118KC UT WOS:000075836300002 PM 9881892 ER PT J AU Zhu, YT Goff, JP Reinhardt, TA Horst, RL AF Zhu, YT Goff, JP Reinhardt, TA Horst, RL TI Pregnancy and lactation increase vitamin D-dependent intestinal membrane calcium adenosine triphosphatase and calcium binding protein messenger ribonucleic acid expression SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MEMBRANE; CA-2+-TRANSPORTING ATPASE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; DIETARY CALCIUM; TRANSPORT; PUMP; RATS; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D; ABSORPTION; EXTRACTION AB The calcium demands of pregnancy and lactation are known to up-regulate intestinal calcium absorption. Intestinal epithelial cells contain calcium ATPases and calcium binding proteins, which are believed to play important roles in intestinal calcium transport. However, the possible role of these two proteins in the up-regulation of intestinal calcium absorption observed in pregnancy and lactation is unknown. In this study, intestinal calcium ATPase (PMCA1), calcium binding protein (9K) (CaBP-9K), and vitamin D receptor (VDR) messenger RNA (mRNA) levels mere determined by Northern analysis at different stages of pregnancy and early lactation in rats. Intestinal calcium ATPase and calcium binding protein mRNA levels did not differ significantly among nonpregnant rats and rats pregnant for 7 or 14 days. However, at 21 days gestation both calcium ATPase and calcium binding protein mRNA levels increased 2- to 3-fold. Calcium ATPase and calcium binding protein mRNA remained elevated at 7 days of lactation. Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (1, 25-D-3) concentration exhibited a similar pattern, rising markedly at 21 days gestation and remaining elevated in lactation. VDR mRNA levels did not change during the entire experiment. However, intestinal VDR content increased 2-fold in late pregnancy and lactation. These data suggest that transcription of calcium absorption factors is increased in late gestation and early lactation, perhaps mediated by increased plasma 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D, concentrations, and that the effects of gestation and lactation on VDR concentrations are probably post-transcriptional. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Metab Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Goff, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Metab Dis & Immunol Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jgoff@nadc.ars.usda.gov RI Reinhardt, Timothy/A-7536-2009 OI Reinhardt, Timothy/0000-0001-5552-2509 NR 29 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 EI 1945-7170 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD AUG PY 1998 VL 139 IS 8 BP 3520 EP 3524 DI 10.1210/en.139.8.3520 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 102KC UT WOS:000074922600020 PM 9681503 ER PT J AU Hofstetter, RW Raffa, KF AF Hofstetter, RW Raffa, KF TI Endogenous and exogenous factors affecting parasitism of gypsy moth egg masses by Ooencyrtus kuvanae SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Ooencyrtus kuvanae; Lymantria dispar; egg parasitoid; host acceptance; sex ratio; parasitoid density; Hymenoptera; Encyrtidae ID RETICULATUS WATANABE HYMENOPTERA; HOST-ACCEPTANCE BEHAVIOR; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES; TELENOMUS-HELIOTHIDIS; SEX-RATIOS; ENCYRTIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; EVOLUTION AB Factors affecting the orientation, reproduction, and sex ratio of the egg parasitoid Ooencyrtus kuvanae Howard were examined. Adult females were attracted to airborne volatiles from the egg mass and accessory gland of the primary host, the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar L. Visual cues also affected host selection. Background colors against which egg masses were placed affected oviposition preference. In the absence of egg masses, color variation did not affect wasp behavior. Light is required for parasitism by O. kuvanae. The age and density of both the host and parasitoid affected wasp reproduction and sex ratios. Older egg masses issued relatively fewer wasps and higher proportions of males than did young egg masses. Likewise, wasp reproduction and the proportion of females declined with wasp age. Larger egg masses produced more wasps and lower proportions of males than did smaller egg masses. The number of offspring per female, and the proportion of female offspring, were inversely related to wasp density. Implications to biological control of the gypsy moth and parasitoid ecology are discussed. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Yakima Agr Res Stn, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Raffa, KF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, 1630 Linden Dr,Rm 345, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 88 IS 2 BP 123 EP 135 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.1998.00354.x PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 125ZP UT WOS:000076268000004 ER PT J AU Liebhold, AM Higashiura, Y Unno, A AF Liebhold, AM Higashiura, Y Unno, A TI Forest type affects predation on gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) pupae in Japan SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; small mammals; population dynamics ID NORTH-AMERICA; DISPAR L; POPULATION; SURVIVAL AB A compilation of historical defoliation data from Hokkaido, Japan confirms previous reports that plantations of Larix leptolepis Gordon are more susceptible to defoliation by the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), than are natural forests dominated by Quercus crispula Thumb. Sn this study, we compared levels of predation on laboratory-reared pupae deployed at a natural Quercus stand, a plantation of Bertula platyphylla Hara, and a plantation of L. leptolepis. Predation was highest in the natural Quercus stand, lowest in the Larix plantation and intermediate in the Betula plantation. Counts of small mammals in traps indicated that populations of Apodemus argenteus, Apodemus speciosus ainu, and Clethrionomys rufocanus bedfordiae were most abundant in the oak forest, least abundant in the Larix plantation, and intermediate in the Betula plantation. We hypothesize that variation in the abundance of small mammals and their predation on gypsy moth pupae during periods of low gypsy-moth densities is a partial cause of the variation among stand types in their susceptibility to defoliation by gypsy moth. We also argue that predation on gypsy moth pupae by small mammals in natural oak forests is more important to gypsy moth dynamics than previously considered and that considerable similarities may exist between gypsy moth dynamics in Japan and North America. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Hokkaido Forestry Res Inst, Bibai, Hokkaido 07901, Japan. RP Liebhold, AM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Stn, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 28 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 27 IS 4 BP 858 EP 862 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 117PA UT WOS:000075789800008 ER PT J AU Eigenbrode, SD White, C Rhode, M Simon, CJ AF Eigenbrode, SD White, C Rhode, M Simon, CJ TI Behavior and effectiveness of adult Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) as a predator of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera : Aphididae) on a wax mutant of Pisum sativum SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acyrthosiphon pisum; pea aphid; ladybird beetles; plant waxes; predator behavior; tritrophic interactions ID GLOSSY LEAF WAX; SEARCHING BEHAVIOR; EPICUTICULAR WAX; PLANT-RESISTANCE; LARVAE; LEAVES; BEETLES; INSECTS; CABBAGE AB Adult females of the coccinellid predator Hippodamia convergens (Say) spent more time walking and less time grooming on a line of peas, Pisum sativum L., that has reduced waxbloom on all parts of the plant (due to the mutation wel) compared with a near-isogenic sister line with normal waxbloom. H. convergens walking was distributed over all parts of the low-wax plants, whereas on normal-wax plants walking occurred mostly on stems and the edges of leaves and stipules. The beetles were able to generate 30 times the adhesive traction force on leaf surfaces of low-wax plants compared with normal-wax plants. In cage studies, H. convergens (4 adults per plant) were more effective at reducing population growth of pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), on low-wax plants than on normal-wax plants, but only at initial aphid densities of 10 aphids per plant. At higher initial densities (20 and 40 aphids per plant), differential impact of H. convergens was not observed or disappeared after 4-5 d. The results indicate that reduced waxbloom in peas could improve the effectiveness of H convergens on peas at low prey densities. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Eigenbrode, SD (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 29 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 27 IS 4 BP 902 EP 909 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 117PA UT WOS:000075789800014 ER PT J AU Ellsbury, MM Woodson, WD Clay, SA Malo, D Schumacher, J Clay, DE Carlson, CG AF Ellsbury, MM Woodson, WD Clay, SA Malo, D Schumacher, J Clay, DE Carlson, CG TI Geostatistical characterization of the spatial distribution of adult corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) emergence SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica spp.; geostatistics; spatial variability; site-specific farming; semivariograms; kriging ID VIRGIFERA-VIRGIFERA COLEOPTERA; LYGUS-HESPERUS HETEROPTERA; EGGS COLEOPTERA; TEMPERATURE; DIABROTICA; SOIL; MIRIDAE; LENTILS; HATCH AB Geostatistical methods were used to characterize spatial variability in western (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Leconte) and northern (Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence) corn rootworm adult emergence patterns. Semivariograms were calculated for adult emergence density of corn rootworm populations in fields of continuous corn and rotated (corn/soybean) corn. Adult emergence densities were generally greater for northern corn rootworms than for western corn rootworms. The spatial structures of the adult rootworm emergence were aggregated as described by spherical spatial models for western corn rootworm and exponential models for northern corn rootworm. Range of spatial dependence varied From 180 to 550 m for western corn rootworm and 172 to 281 m for northern corn rootworm. Semivariogram models were used to produce contour density maps of adult populations in the fields, based on grid sampling of actual emerging adult populations. C1 ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Ellsbury, MM (reprint author), ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, USDA, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 27 IS 4 BP 910 EP 917 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 117PA UT WOS:000075789800015 ER PT J AU Wheeler, GS Van, TK Center, TD AF Wheeler, GS Van, TK Center, TD TI Herbivore adaptations to a low-nutrient food: Weed biological control specialist Spodoptera pectinicornis (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) fed the floating aquatic plant Pistia stratiotes SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pistia stratiotes; Spodoptera pectinicornis; weed biological control; nitrogen; leaf toughness; compensatory feeding ID FRESH-WATER MACROPHYTES; CONTROL AGENT; LEAF QUALITY; SAMEA-MULTIPLICALIS; NITROGEN-CONTENT; LIFE-HISTORY; GYPSY-MOTH; GROWTH; LARVAE; WATERLETTUCE AB Performance of the specialist herbivore Spodoptera pectinicornis (Hampson) was studied when fed the floating aquatic plant waterlettuce, Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae). Plants were either collected from 6 populations in southern Florida or from plants grown with low or high fertilizer levels. Consumption of leaves with increasing toughness resulted in increased larval mortality (>80%); most mortality occurred during the first 2 instars. Larvae compensated for low-nitrogen leaves by increasing fresh weight consumption 3-fold. Both developmental lime and biomass gain were effected by the source of the plants but these performance parameters were not directly related to either leaf toughness or nitrogen levels. These results are useful in understanding the adaptations and limitations of specialist herbivores to low-nutrient foods. Additionally, they assist in the selection of suitable release sites for this weed biological control agent. Finally, they improve our mass-rearing techniques for augmentative releases of this biological control species. C1 ARS, Aquat Weed Res Unit, USDA, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Wheeler, GS (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Weed Res Unit, USDA, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 60 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 27 IS 4 BP 993 EP 1000 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 117PA UT WOS:000075789800025 ER PT J AU Hagler, JR Jackson, CG AF Hagler, JR Jackson, CG TI An immunomarking technique for labeling minute parasitoids SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anaphes iole; Lygus spp; mark-release-recapture; dispersal; parasitoid; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ID RUBIDIUM; HEMIPTERA; LYGUS; MARKING; MIRIDAE; INSECTS; FIELD; HYMENOPTERA; RETENTION; RECAPTURE AB A laboratory study was conducted to examine the efficacy of a novel immunomarking technique on Annaphies iole Girault, a minute parasitoid of Lygus spp, eggs. Adult A. iole were marked with the readily available mammal protein, rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG), by 3 different application methods. Adult parasitoids were marked internally by feeding them a honey solution spiked with rabbit IgG and externally by contact exposure or topical mist. Marked individuals were then assayed using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of the IgG marker using an antibody specific to rabbit IgG (antirabbit IgG developed in goat). Data indicate that the IgG marker was retained throughout the entire adult lifespan iri almost (98.9%) even individual parasitoid assayed regardless of the application method used. The advantages and limitations of using immunomarkers for mark-release-recapture studies involving minute insects are discussed. C1 ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Hagler, JR (reprint author), ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, USDA, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 23 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1010 EP 1016 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 117PA UT WOS:000075789800028 ER PT J AU Vandenberg, JD Ramos, M Altre, JA AF Vandenberg, JD Ramos, M Altre, JA TI Dose-response and age- and temperature-related susceptibility of the diamondback moth (Lepidoptera : Plutellidae) to two isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Hyphomycetes : Moniliaceae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plutella xylostella; Beauveria bassiana; microbial control; bioassay; entomopathogenic fungus; virulence ID OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS LEPIDOPTERA; EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; XYLOSTELLA; PYRALIDAE; ENTOMOPHTHORALES; DEUTEROMYCOTINA; YPONOMEUTIDAE; POPULATIONS AB Two isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin were used in bioassays against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). One isolate, ARSEF 4543, originated from a dia mondback moth larva collected in New York and the other, Mycotech GHA, is the active ingredient in Mycotrol, a product registered for control of insect species belonging to several orders. Dose response assays of suspended spores sprayed on larvae resulted in similar LD(50)s (518 and 614 spores per square centimeter for ARSEF 4543 and Mycotech GHA, respectively) but different slopes for the probit regression lines (0.64 and 0.89). Survival times for larvae inoculated at a range of dosages were variable for ARSEF 4543 but decreased with increasing dosages for Mycotech GHA. Third and 4th instars were more susceptible than 2nd instars, although survival times varied between the 2 isolates for different instars. Larvae inoculated early in the 2nd or 3rd instar had. shorter survival times than those inoculated later in each instar. Spores of B. bassiana were readily detected on exuviae from inoculated larvae using fluorescence microscopy, indicating the significance of molting as a means of avoiding infection. The isolates did not differ significantly in their activities over a range of temperatures. Highest mortality and lowest survival times were observed at 25 degrees C; mortality decreased and survival time increased at temperatures both above and below 25 degrees C. These Endings provide baseline information on the susceptiblity of P, xylostella to B, bassiana and they indicate the potential utility of a commercial preparation of B. bassiana for use against PI xylostella in the field. C1 ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Vandenberg, JD (reprint author), ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 23 TC 40 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 9 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1017 EP 1021 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 117PA UT WOS:000075789800029 ER PT J AU Hoelmer, KA Roltsch, WJ Chu, CC Henneberry, TJ AF Hoelmer, KA Roltsch, WJ Chu, CC Henneberry, TJ TI Selectivity of whitefly traps in cotton for Eretmocerus eremicus (Hymenoptera : Aphelinidae), a native parasitoid of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bemisia argentifolii; Eretmocerus eremicus; Aphelinidae; yellow sticky traps; CC trap; cotton ID YELLOW STICKY TRAPS; ENCARSIA-FORMOSA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; TABACI; COLOR; CALIFORNIA; DISPERSAL; PATTERNS; CAUGHT AB Yellow sticky traps are widely used for monitoring and management of whiteflies and certain other pests and have also been used to monitor their natural enemy activity. A new, nonsticky whitefly trap (CC trap), standard yellow sticky cards, and clear colorless sticky cards were evaluated in cotton (Gossypium. hirsutum L.) to compare their attractiveness to Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich, an aphelinid parasitoid of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring [= Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) B-strain] that is indigenous to southwestern U.S. deserts. The CC traps caught an average of 264 adult whiteflies during 24-h test periods compared with 523 adult whiteflies on yellow sticky traps. The colorless sticky cards trapped only 37 whiteflies per card during the same period. The CC traps caught an average of 0.4 adult E, eremicus over a 24-h period compared with 26.6 adult E. eremicus trapped by yellow sticky cards. Colorless plastic sticky cards trapped an average of 1.1 parasitoids per card, demonstrating that E. eremicus was strongly attracted to the yellow sticky cards. Thirty-nine percent of E. eremicus trapped on yellow sticky cards and 42% trapped on colorless sticky cards were female. CC traps caught the lowest numbers of other arthropods. On average, <1 individual of any other species was captured per CC trap in each 24-h period. Yellow sticky traps caught the greatest number of other arthropods; these included thrips, flies, cotton leafperforator (Buccalatrix thurberiella Busck) moths, small beetles, and other parasitic wasps. Clear sticky traps caught a similar mixture of species but in lower numbers. These results demonstrate that CC traps are highly selective for whitefly, while preserving parasitoid populations. CC traps may be especially useful in greenhouses where yellow sticky traps are frequently used in conjunction with releases of parasitoids. C1 USDA, Phoenix Plant Protect Ctr, Irrigated Desert Res Stn, APHIS,PPQ, Brawley, CA 92227 USA. RP Hoelmer, KA (reprint author), USDA, Phoenix Plant Protect Ctr, Irrigated Desert Res Stn, APHIS,PPQ, 4151 Highway 86, Brawley, CA 92227 USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1039 EP 1044 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 117PA UT WOS:000075789800032 ER PT J AU Thomas, DB Loera-Gallardo, J AF Thomas, DB Loera-Gallardo, J TI Dispersal and longevity of mass-released, sterilized Mexican fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha ludens; fruit fly; dispersal; longevity; sterile insect technique ID POPULATION FLUCTUATIONS; FLY; SURVIVORSHIP; DISTANCE; CHIAPAS; INSECTS; DENSITY; MODEL AB Trap-back experiments using McPhail traps were conducted to study dispersal and longevity of mass-released, sterile Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew). The flies were released at 3 ecologically different sites in northern Mexico. Some flies were recaptured up to 9 km from the release point. However, standard distance was estimated using a regression model that indicated 240 m was the typical dispersal distance. The life expectancy of the released flies from the time of release varied from 5 to 10 d. Greatest longevity, up to 22 wk, occurred during the winter months. C1 ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Inst Nacl Invest Forestales & Agropecuarios, Campo Expt, Rio Bravo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. RP Thomas, DB (reprint author), ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, USDA, 2301 S Int Blvd, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 37 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1045 EP 1052 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 117PA UT WOS:000075789800033 ER PT J AU Harvey, BC Lisle, TE AF Harvey, BC Lisle, TE TI Effects of suction dredging on streams: A review and an evaluation strategy SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON; WOODY DEBRIS; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; SPAWNING GRAVELS; STEELHEAD TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; BED STREAMS; FISH SIZE AB Suction dredging for gold in river channels is a small-scale mining practice whereby streambed material is sucked up a pipe, passed over a sluice box to sort out the gold, and discarded as tailings over another area of bed. Natural resource managers should be concerned about suction dredging because it is common in streams in western North America that contain populations of sensitive aquatic species. It also is subject to both state and federal regulations, and has provided the basis for litigation. The scientific literature contains few peer-reviewed studies of the effects of dredging, but knowledge of dredging practices, and the biology and physics of streams suggests a variety of mechanisms linking dredging to aquatic resources. Effects of dredging commonly appear to be minor and local, but natural resource professionals should expect effects to vary widely among stream systems and reaches within systems. Fishery managers should be especially concerned when dredging coincides with the incubation of embryos in stream gravels or precedes spawning runs soon followed by high flows. We recommend that managers carefully analyze each watershed so regulations can be tailored to particular issues and effects. Such analyses are part of a strategy to (1) evaluate interactions between suction dredging and other activities and resources; (2) use this information to regulate dredging and other activities; (3) monitor implementation of regulations and on- and off-site effects of dredging; and (4) adapt management strategies and regulations according to new information. Given the current level of uncertainty about the effects of dredging, where threatened or endangered aquatic species inhabit dredged areas, fisheries managers would be prudent to suspect that dredging is harmful to aquatic resources. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Harvey, BC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. EM bch3@axe.humboldt.edu NR 81 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD AUG PY 1998 VL 23 IS 8 BP 8 EP 17 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(1998)023<0008:EOSDOS>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 107JC UT WOS:000075203600002 ER PT J AU Whiting, RC Strobaugh, TP AF Whiting, RC Strobaugh, TP TI Expansion of the time-to-turbidity model for proteolytic Clostridium botulinum to include spore numbers SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A model was previously developed to predict the time-so-turbidity of proteolytic Clostridium botulinum spores placed in broths having various pH values, NaCl concentrations and temperatures (Whiting and Call 1993); however, the model had a constant number of spores (10(4)). This fixed number of spores limits the use of the model and makes inferences to foods more difficult. New data were collected and fitted so the logistic model. Regression equations were calculated to provide parameter estimates for different combinations of temperature, pH, NaCl concentration and spore number. The predicted mean times-to-turbidity increased with decreasing numbers of spores; at 20 degrees C-pH 7.0-1.0% NaCl for example, the mean time-to-turbidity was 4.3 and 7.1 days for 10(4) and 10(0) spores per sample, respectively. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Whiting, RC (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 15 IS 4 BP 449 EP 453 DI 10.1006/fmic.1998.0196 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 123QW UT WOS:000076136700009 ER PT J AU Mutch, LS Parsons, DJ AF Mutch, LS Parsons, DJ TI Mixed conifer forest mortality and establishment before and after prescribed fire in Sequoia National Park, California SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE percent crown volume scorched; fire severity; binary logistic regression; demography ID WHITE FIR; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; TREE MORTALITY; GROWTH; RED; PATTERNS; CLIMATE; DROUGHT; HISTORY; OREGON AB Pre- and post-burn tree mortality rates, size structure, bas at area, and ingrowth were determined for four 1.0 ha mixed conifer forest stands in the Log Creek and Tharp's Creek watersheds of Sequoia National Park. Mean annual mortality between 1986 and 1990 was 0.8% for both watersheds. In the fall of 1990, the Tharp's Creek watershed was treated with a prescribed burn. Between 1991 and 1995, mean annual mortality was 1.4% in the unburned Log Creek watershed and 17.2% in the burned Tharp's Creek watershed. A drought from 1987 to 1992 likely contributed to the mortality increase in the Log Creek watershed. The high mortality in the Tharp's Creek watershed was primarily related to crown scorch from the 1990 fire and was modeled with logistic regression for white fir (Abies concolor [Gord. and Glend.]) and sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana [Dougl.]). From 1989 to 1994, basal area declined an average of 5% per year in the burned Tharp's Creek watershed, compared to average annual increases of less than 1% per year in the unburned Log Creek watershed and in the Tharp's watershed prior to burning. Postburn size structure was dramatically changed in the Tharp's Creek stands: 75% of trees less than or equal to 50 cm and 25% of trees >50 cm were killed by the fire. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wildness Res Inst, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Mutch, LS (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Sequoia & Kings Canyon Field Stn, Three Rivers, CA 93271 USA. EM linda_mutch@usgs.gov; dparsons/int_missoula@fs.fed.us NR 65 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 44 IS 3 BP 341 EP 355 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 109YW UT WOS:000075352800001 ER PT J AU Dennis, DF AF Dennis, DF TI Analyzing public inputs to multiple objective decisions on national forests using conjoint analysis SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ordered probit; conjoint ranking survey; linear and quadratic main effects; public involvement ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; PARTICIPATION; DESIGN; CHOICE AB Faced with multiple objectives, national forest managers and planners need a means to solicit and analyze public preferences and values. A conjoint ranking survey was designed to solicit public preferences for various levels of timber harvesting, wildlife habitats, hiking trails, snowmobile use, and off-road-vehicle (ORV) access on the Green Mountain National Forest. The survey was completed by 76 respondents during public involvement meetings, An ordered probit model was used to estimate linear and quadratic main effects, Respondents preferred moderate levels of timber harvesting and snowmobile access and lower levels of ORV access. They favored a mixture of mature closed canopy and younger more open forests over either extreme and were somewhat indifferent toward extending the network of hiking trails. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Dennis, DF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, POB 968 Burlington, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. EM don@forest.fsl.uvm.edu NR 23 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 44 IS 3 BP 421 EP 429 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 109YW UT WOS:000075352800009 ER PT J AU Kindermann, J El-Ayouti, Y Samuels, GJ Kubicek, CP AF Kindermann, J El-Ayouti, Y Samuels, GJ Kubicek, CP TI Phylogeny of the genus Trichoderma based on sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region 1 of the rDNA cluster SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE trichoderma; hypocrea; internal transcribed spacer; ITS1 ID SECTION LONGIBRACHIATUM; REVISION; STRAINS; CLASSIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; BIOCONTROL; SUBGROUPS; VIRIDE AB Sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS1) of the ribosomal DNA were used to determine the phylogenetic relationships of species of Trichoderma sect. Pachybasium. To this end. 85 strains-including all the available ex-type strains-were analyzed. Parsimony analysis demonstrated that the section is nonmonophyletic, distributing the 85 strains among three main groups that were supported by bootstrap values. Group A comprises two clades (A1 and A2), with A1 including T. polysporum, T. piluliferum, and T. minutisporum, while A2 included T. hamatum, T. pubescens, and T, strigosum in addition to species previously included in sect. Trichoderma (i.e., T. viride, T. atroviride, and T. koningii). The ex-type strain of T. fasciculatum formed a separate branch basal to clade A. Clade B contained the sect. Pachybasium members T. harzianum, T. fertile, T. croceum, T. longipile, T. strictipile, T. tomentosum, T. oblongisporum, T. flavofuscum, T. spirale, and the anamorphs of Hypocrea semiorbis and H. cf. dgelatinosa. Sequence differences among clades Al, A2, and B were in the same order of magnitude as between each of them and T. longibrachiatum, which was used as an outgroup in these analyses. Sequence differences within clades Al, A2, and B were considerably smaller: in some cases (i.e., T. virens and T. flavofuscum; T. strictipile and H. cf. gelatinosa), the ITS1-sequences were identical, suggesting conspecifity. In other cases (e.g., T. crassum and T. longipile; T. harzianum, T. inhamatum, T. croceum, T. fertile, and H. semiorbis; T. hamatum and T. pubescens; and T. viride, T. atroviride, and T. koningii) differences were in the range of 1-3 nt only, suggesting a very close phylogenetic relationship. The sequence of a previously described aggressive mushroom competitor group of T. harzianum strains (Th2) was strikingly different from that of the ex-type strain of T. harzianum and closely related species and is likely to be a separate species. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Tech Univ Vienna, Inst Biochem Technol & Mikrobiol, Mikrobielle Biochem Abt, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Zagazig Univ, Dept Bot, Zagazig, Egypt. RP Kubicek, CP (reprint author), Tech Univ Vienna, Inst Biochem Technol & Mikrobiol, Mikrobielle Biochem Abt, Getreidemarkt 9-172-5, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. EM ckubicek@fbch.tuwien.ac.at NR 50 TC 75 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 24 IS 3 BP 298 EP 309 DI 10.1006/fgbi.1998.1049 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 130DW UT WOS:000076505500002 ER PT J AU Chen, JF Staub, JE Jiang, JM AF Chen, JF Staub, JE Jiang, JM TI A reevaluation of karyotype in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE cucumber; Cucumis sativus; chromosome; karyotype; C-banding ID INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; CHROMOSOMES AB A karyotype analysis was conducted on the mitotic chromosomes of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.; 2n = 2 x = 14), using improved chromosome preparation and C-banding techniques. Chromosome pairs were characterized on the basis of length and arm ratio value. The length of metaphase chromosomes ranged from 1.48 to 2.31 mu m, and the total length of the haploid chromosome complement was 13.06 mu m. The karyotype of this species was symmetric, and consisted of six metacentric and one submetacentric chromosomes. All chromosomes were defined by their unique C-banding patterns. The C-banded karyotype included centromeric, telomeric, and intercalary bands depending on chromosome pair leading to a precise identification of each pair. The C-banding patterns were distinctly different from observations made in previous study. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. ARS, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Chen, JF (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, P&A Bldg, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RI Jiang, Jiming/A-9614-2009 NR 38 TC 19 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 45 IS 4 BP 301 EP 305 DI 10.1023/A:1008603608879 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 113ZC UT WOS:000075583700003 ER PT J AU Lee, EA Byrne, PF McMullen, MD Snook, ME Wiseman, BR Widstrom, NW Coe, EH AF Lee, EA Byrne, PF McMullen, MD Snook, ME Wiseman, BR Widstrom, NW Coe, EH TI Genetic mechanisms underlying apimaysin and maysin synthesis and corn earworm antibiosis in maize (Zea mays L.) SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID METABOLIC PATHWAYS; P-GENE; SILKS; BIOSYNTHESIS; LEPIDOPTERA; RESISTANCE; FLAVONOIDS; GERMPLASM; ALLELES; PLANT AB C-glycosyl flavones in maize silks confer resistance (i.e., antibiosis) to corn earworm (Helicoverpa tea [Boddie]) larvae and are distinguished iv their B-ring substitutions, with maysin and apimaysin being the di-and monohydroxy B-ring forms, respectively. Herein, we examine the genetic mechanisms underlying the synthesis of maysin and apimaysin and the corresponding effects on corn earworm larval growth. Using an F-2 population, we found a quantitative trait locus (QTL), rem1, which accounted for 55.3% of the phenotypic variance for maysin, and a QTL, pr1, which explained 64.7% of the phenotypic variance for apimaysin. The maysin QTL did not affect apimaysin synthesis, and the apimaysin QTL did not affect maysin synthesis, suggesting that the synthesis of these closely related compounds occurs independently. The two QTLs, rem1 and pr1, were involved in a significant epistatic interaction for total flavones, suggesting that a ceiling exists governing the total possible amount of C-glycosyl flavone. The maysin and apimaysin QTLs were significant QTLs for corn earworm antibiosis, accounting for 14.1% (rem1) and 14.7% (pr1) of the phenotypic variation. An additional QTL, represented by umc85 on the short arm of chromosome 6, affected antibiosis (R-2 = 15.2%), but did not affect the synthesis of the C-glycosyl flavones. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Plant Sci Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Agr Res Serv, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Phytochem Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. USDA ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP McMullen, MD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Plant Sci Unit, 301 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 42 TC 44 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 3 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD AUG PY 1998 VL 149 IS 4 BP 1997 EP 2006 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 107VR UT WOS:000075232100030 PM 9691053 ER PT J AU Ananiev, EV Phillips, RL Rines, HW AF Ananiev, EV Phillips, RL Rines, HW TI Complex structure of knob DNA on maize chromosome 9: Retrotransposon invasion into heterochromatin SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS; POLYTENE CHROMOSOMES; B-CHROMOSOME; ZEA-MAYS; SEQUENCES; REGIONS; RETROELEMENT; INTEGRATION; RETROVIRUSES AB The recovery of maize (Zea mays L.) chromosome addition lines of oat (Avena sativa L.) from oat x maize crosses enables us to analyze the structure and composition of specific regions, such as knobs, of individual maize chromosomes. A DNA hybridization blot panel of eight individual maize chromosome addition lines revealed that 180-bp repeats found in knobs are present in each of these maize chromosomes, but the copy number varies from similar to 100 to 25,000. Cosmid clones with knob DNA segments were isolated from a genomic library of an oat-maize chromosome 9 addition line with the help of the 180-bp knob-associated repeated DNA sequence used as a probe. Cloned knob DNA segments revealed a complex organization in which blocks of tandemly arranged 180-bp repeating units are interrupted by insertions other repeated DNA sequences, mostly represented by individual full size copies of retrotransposable elements. There is an obvious preference for the integration of retrotransposable elements into certain sites (hot spots) of the 180-bp repeat. Sequence microheterogeneity including point mutations and duplications was found in copies of 180-bp repeats. The 180-bp repeats within an array all had the same polarity. Restriction maps constructed for 23 cloned knob DNA fragments revealed the positions of polymorphic sites and sites of integration of insertion elements. Discovery of the interspersion of retrotransposable elements among blocks of tandem repeats in maize and some other organisms suggests that this pattern may be basic to heterochromatin organization for eukaryotes. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Inst Plant Mol Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Phillips, RL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM phill005@maroon.tc.umn.edu NR 36 TC 89 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 0 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD AUG PY 1998 VL 149 IS 4 BP 2025 EP 2037 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 107VR UT WOS:000075232100032 PM 9691055 ER PT J AU Brown, GR Newton, CH Carlson, JE AF Brown, GR Newton, CH Carlson, JE TI Organization and distribution of a Sau3A tandem repeated DNA sequence in Picea (Pinaceae) species SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Picea; repeated DNA; in situ hybridization; centromere ID REPETITIVE DNA; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; EVOLUTION; CHROMOSOMES; BRASSICA; SPRUCE; GENOME AB Repeated DNA families contribute to the large genomes of coniferous trees but are poorly characterized. We report the analysis of a 142 bp tandem repeated DNA sequence identified by the restriction enzyme Sau3A and found in approximately 20 000 copies in Picea glauca. Southern hybridization indicated that the repented DNA family is specific to the genus, was amplified early in its evolution, and has undergone little structural alteration over evolutionary time. Fluorescence in situ hybridization localized arrays of the Sau3A repeating element to the centromeric regions of different subsets of the metaphase chromosomes of P. glauca and the closely related Picea sitchensis, suggesting that mechanisms leading to the intragenomic movement of arrays may be more active than those lending to mutation of the repenting elements themselves. Unambiguous identification of P. glauca and P. sitchensis chromosomes was made possible by co-localizing the Sau3A tandem repeats and the genes encoding the 5S and 18S-5.8S-26S ribosomal RNAs. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. British Columbia Res Inc, Ctr Forest Biotechnol, Vancouver, BC V6S 2L2, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Biotechnol Lab, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. RP Carlson, JE (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jec16@psu.edu NR 23 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD AUG PY 1998 VL 41 IS 4 BP 560 EP 565 DI 10.1139/gen-41-4-560 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 130CP UT WOS:000076501900010 PM 9796105 ER PT J AU Pachepsky, Y Acock, B AF Pachepsky, Y Acock, B TI Stochastic imaging of soil parameters to assess variability and uncertainty of crop yield estimates SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Modeling Spatial and Temporal Variability as a Function of Scale CY NOV 05, 1996 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Soc Agron, Soil Sci Soc Amer DE spatial variability; stochastic imaging; crop simulation; genetic algorithm; soil sampling; precision farming ID SPATIAL PATTERNS; SIMULATION; MEDIA AB Modern site-specific agriculture uses yield estimates based on estimates of soil properties in locations other than the sampling points. Techniques are needed to assess the uncertainty of these soil property estimates. Such uncertainty assessments can be based on stochastic imaging of soil parameters: a technique that consists of generating many equiprobable maps of the parameters for the same site. The objective of this study was to use stochastic imaging of the available soil water capacity (AWC) and a soybean crop model GLYCIM to simulate variability and uncertainty in crop yield estimates as related to soil sampling density and weather patterns. First, we generated an exhaustive AWC data set on a fine grid, simulated yields at the fine grid nodes, and considered the results as the 'true' yield values. Then we sampled the exhaustive data set using sparse grids, and carried out stochastic imaging of AWC using genetic algorithms. We simulated yields for each image, and calculated the errors in yield estimates as the differences between the 'true' yields and yields from the images. The probability distributions of the errors were used to quantify the uncertainty. The fine grid for the exhaustive dataset was 25 X 25 m. The sparse grids at 50 x 50 m and 100 x 100 m corresponded to typical research and commercial soil sampling densities, respectively. The simulations were repeated for three different weather patterns. Results showed that the distributions of errors in yield estimates were affected by weather pattern, and the temporal variability in yield error estimates could not be overridden by improvements in spatial variability estimates at the sparse sampling densities that we considered. A nonlinearity in the yield response to AWC caused increases in the probabilities of obtaining very small and very large errors in yield estimates. Stochastic imaging of soil properties is a desirable step to assess the efficiency of a particular sampling density to be used repeatedly over several years. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, BA, NRI,RSML, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Pachepsky, Y (reprint author), USDA, ARS, BA, NRI,RSML, Bldg 007,Rm 008,Barc W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM ypachepsky@asrr.arsusda.gov OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD AUG PY 1998 VL 85 IS 2-3 BP 213 EP 229 DI 10.1016/S0016-7061(98)00021-4 PG 17 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 108DM UT WOS:000075250800007 ER PT J AU Seyfried, M AF Seyfried, M TI Spatial variability constraints to modeling soil water at different scales SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Modeling Spatial and Temporal Variability as a Function of Scale CY NOV 05, 1996 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP Amer Soc Agron, Soil Sci Soc Amer DE spatial variability; soil water; scale; remote sensing; vegetation index ID SAGEBRUSH RANGELAND; MOISTURE; INFILTRATION; RAINFALL; ISSUES AB There is increasing interest in modeling soil water content over relatively large areas or scales. In general, the spatial variability of soil water content increases with scale, but it is not known how much or at which scales. High spatial variability constrains soil water models by reducing the accuracy of input parameters, calibration and verification data. It may also require representation of soil water in a spatially distributed manner. Soil water content data were collected at the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed at scales ranging from 12 m(2) to 2.3 x 10(8) m(2) to determine how scale affects spatial variability. We found significant spatial variability at the 12-m(2) scale, which could be described as random in large-scale models. The increase of spatial variability with scale was controlled by deterministic 'sources' such as soil series and elevation-induced climatic effects. The satellite-derived, soil-adjusted vegetation index showed that spatial variability at the scale of Reynolds Creek (2.3 x 108 m(2)) is not random, and may have abrupt transitions corresponding to soil series. These results suggest a modeling strategy that incorporates soil series characterized by random spatial variability nested within the larger, elevation-induced climatic gradient. The distinctions between soils and elevations is greatest early in the growing season and gradually diminish as the effects of differential precipitation and snowmelt timing are erased by evapotranspiration until late in the summer, when they virtually disappear. These conclusions are landscape-dependent, so that representation of spatial variability should be an explicit part of model development and application. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Seyfried, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM m.seyfrie@hwrc.ars.pn.usbr.gov NR 40 TC 46 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD AUG PY 1998 VL 85 IS 2-3 BP 231 EP 254 DI 10.1016/S0016-7061(98)00022-6 PG 24 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 108DM UT WOS:000075250800008 ER PT J AU Rustad, LE Fernandez, IJ AF Rustad, LE Fernandez, IJ TI Experimental soil warming effects on CO2 and CH4 flux from a low elevation spruce-fir forest soil in Maine, USA SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; climate change; forest soils; methane; soil respiration; soil warming ID TRACE GAS FLUXES; RESPIRATION; TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; PATTERNS; BALANCE; METHANE; FLOOR AB The effect of soil warming on CO2 and CH4 flux from a spruce-fir forest soil was evaluated at the Howland Integrated Forest Study site in Maine, USA from 1993 to 1995. Elevated soil temperatures (similar to 5 degrees C) were maintained during the snow-free season (May November) in replicated 15 x 15-m plots using electric cables buried 1-2 cm below the soil surface; replicated unheated plots served as the control. CO2 evolution from the soil surface and soil air CO2 concentrations both showed clear seasonal trends and significant (P < 0.0001) positive exponential relationships with soil temperature. Soil warming caused a 25-40% increase in CO2 flux from the heated plots compared to the controls. No significant differences were observed between heated and control plot soil air CO2 concentrations which we attribute to rapid equilibration With the atmosphere in the O horizon and minimal treatment effects in the B horizon. Methane fluxes were highly variable and showed no consistent trends with treatment. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Appl Ecol & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Rustad, LE (reprint author), 50 Woodland Rd, Pownal, ME 04069 USA. EM rustad@maine.maine.edu NR 44 TC 72 Z9 98 U1 4 U2 39 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOB CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 4 IS 6 BP 597 EP 605 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998.00169.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 108XJ UT WOS:000075290900002 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Bunce, JA AF Ziska, LH Bunce, JA TI The influence of increasing growth temperature and CO2 concentration on the ratio of respiration to photosynthesis in soybean seedlings SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acclimation; elevated CO2; respiration; R : P ratio; soybean; temperature ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; WHOLE-PLANT RESPIRATION; ELEVATED CO2; CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS; DARK RESPIRATION; SHORT-TERM; LONG-TERM; RESPONSES; INHIBITION; ENRICHMENT AB Using controlled environmental growth chambers, whole plants of soybean, cv. 'Clark', were examined during early development (7-20 days after sowing) at both ambient (approximate to 350 mu L L-1) and elevated (approximate to 700 mu L L-1) carbon dioxide and a range of air temperatures (20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees C) to determine if future climatic change (temperature or CO2 concentration) could alter the ratio of carbon lost by dark respiration to that gained via photosynthesis. Although whole-plant respiration increased with short-term increases in the measurement temperature, respiration acclimated to increasing growth temperature. Respiration, on a dry weight basis, was either unchanged or lower for the elevated CO2 grown plants, relative to ambient CO2 concentration, over the range of growth temperatures. Levels of both starch and sucrose increased with elevated CO2 concentration, but no interaction between CO2 and growth temperature was observed. Relative growth rate increased with elevated CO2 concentration up to a growth temperature of 35 degrees C. The ratio of respiration to photosynthesis rate over a 24-h period during early development was not altered over the growth temperatures (20-35 degrees C) and was consistently less at the elevated relative to the ambient CO2 concentration. The current experiment does not support the proposition that global increases in carbon dioxide and temperature will increase the ratio of respiration to photosynthesis; rather, the data suggest that some plant species may continue to act as a sink for carbon even if carbon dioxide and temperature increase simultaneously. C1 USDA ARS, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Climate Stress Lab, Bldg 046A,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOB CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 4 IS 6 BP 637 EP 643 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998.00179.x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 108XJ UT WOS:000075290900005 ER PT J AU Moya, TB Ziska, LH Namuco, OS Olszyk, D AF Moya, TB Ziska, LH Namuco, OS Olszyk, D TI Growth dynamics and genotypic variation in tropical, field-grown paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) in response to increasing carbon dioxide and temperature SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elevated CO2; intraspecific variation; rice; temperature ID CO2 ENRICHMENT; YIELD AB While previous studies have examined the growth and yield response of rice to continued increases in CO2 concentration and potential increases in air temperature, little work has focused on the long-term response of tropical paddy rice (i.e. the bulk of world rice production) in situ, or genotypic differences among cultivars in response to increasing CO2 and/or temperature. At the International Rice Research Institute, rice (cv IR72) was grown from germination until maturity for 4 field seasons, the 1994 and 1995 wet and the 1995 and 1996 dry seasons at three different CO2 concentrations (ambient, ambient + 200 and ambient + 300 mu L L-1 CO2) and two air temperatures (ambient and ambient + 4 degrees C) using open-top field chambers placed within a paddy site. Overall, enhanced levels of CO2 alone resulted in significant increases in total biomass at maturity and increased seed yield with the relative degree of enhancement consistent over growing seasons across both temperatures. Enhanced levels of temperature alone resulted in decreases or no change in total biomass and decreased seed yield at maturity across both CO2 levels. In general, simultaneous increases in air temperature as well as CO2 concentration offset the stimulation of biomass and grain yield compared to the effect of CO2 concentration alone. For either the 1995 wet and 1996 dry seasons, additional cultivars (N-22, NPT1 and NPT2) were grown in conjunction with IR72 at the same CO2 and temperature treatments. Among the cultivars tested, N-22 showed the greatest relative response of both yield and biomass to increasing CO2, while NPT2 showed no response and IR72 was intermediate. For all cultivars, however, the combination of increasing CO2 concentration and air temperature resulted in reduced grain yield and declining harvest index compared to increased CO2 alone. Data from these experiments indicate that (a) rice growth and yield can respond positively under tropical paddy conditions to elevated CO2, but that simultaneous exposure to elevated temperature may negate the CO2 response to grain yield; and, (b) sufficient intraspecific variation exists among cultivars for future selection of rice cultivars which may, potentially, convert greater amounts of CO2 into harvestable yield. C1 USDA ARS, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Int Rice Res Inst, Manila 1099, Philippines. US EPA, WED, NHEERL, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Climate Stress Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lziska@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 28 TC 87 Z9 99 U1 3 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOB CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 4 IS 6 BP 645 EP 656 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998.00180.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 108XJ UT WOS:000075290900006 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH Moya, TB Wassmann, R Namuco, OS Lantin, RS Aduna, JB Abao, E Bronson, KF Neue, HU Olszyk, D AF Ziska, LH Moya, TB Wassmann, R Namuco, OS Lantin, RS Aduna, JB Abao, E Bronson, KF Neue, HU Olszyk, D TI Long-term growth at elevated carbon dioxide stimulates methane emission in tropical paddy rice SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; climate change; methane; rice ID PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; CO2 ENRICHMENT; YIELD; RHIZOSPHERE; VEGETATION; RESPONSES AB Recent anthropogenic emissions of key atmospheric trace gases (e.g. CO2 and CH4) which absorb infra-red radiation may lead to an increase in mean surface temperatures and potential changes in climate. Although sources of each gas have been evaluated independently, little attention has focused on potential interactions between gases which could influence emission rates. In the current experiment, the effect of enhanced CO2 (300 mu L L-1 above ambient) and/or air temperature (4 degrees C above ambient) on methane generation and emission were determined for the irrigated tropical paddy rice system over 3 consecutive field seasons (1995 wet and dry seasons 1996 dry season). For all three seasons, elevated CO2 concentration resulted in a significant increase in dissolved soil methane relative to the ambient control. Consistent with the observed increases in soil methane, measurements of methane flux per unit surface area during the 1995 wet and 1996 dry seasons also showed a significant increase at elevated carbon dioxide concentration relative to the ambient CO2 condition (+49 and 60% for each season, respectively). Growth of rice at both increasing CO2 concentration and air temperature did not result in additional stimulation of either dissolved or emitted methane compared to growth at elevated CO2 alone. The observed increase in methane emissions were associated with a large, consistent, CO2-induced stimulation of root growth. Results from this experiment suggest that as atmospheric CO2 concentration increases, methane emissions from tropical paddy rice could increase above current projections. C1 Int Rice Res Inst, Manila 1099, Philippines. USDA ARS, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Fraunhofer Inst Atmospher Environm Res, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. UTZ, Environm Res Ctr, Dept Soil Sci, D-06246 Bad Lauchstaedt, Germany. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), Int Rice Res Inst, POB 933, Manila 1099, Philippines. EM lziska@asrr.arsusda.gov RI Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014 NR 38 TC 52 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOB CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 4 IS 6 BP 657 EP 665 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998.00186.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 108XJ UT WOS:000075290900007 ER PT J AU Beckett, PR Wong, WW Copeland, KC AF Beckett, PR Wong, WW Copeland, KC TI Developmental changes in the relationship between IGF-I and body composition during puberty SO GROWTH HORMONE & IGF RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; SERUM LEVELS; BINDING PROTEIN-3; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; OBESE CHILDREN; MASS INDEX; INSULIN; HORMONE; ADULTS; ADOLESCENTS AB To examine the hypothesis that anthropometric measures and physical fitness influence circulating insulinlike growth factor-I (IGF-I) during puberty, we measured IGF-I, free IGF-I, IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-3 concentrations in 156 healthy girls (9-16 years old) characterized by aerobic capacity (VO2max), fat-free mass (FFM), percent fat mass and pubertal development. IGF-I, free IGF-I and IGFBP-3 increased with pubertal development while IGFBP-1 declined. Percent fat mass correlated inversely with IGFBP-1 (r= -0.57) and directly with insulin (r= 0.50), while VO2max correlated inversely with percent fat mass (r= -0.63), body mass index (BMI, r= -0.57), and FFM (r= -0.40). When subdivided by Tanner stage, IGF-I correlated directly with weight, height, BMI, and FFM in pre-pubertal girls, but these relationships all diminished or disappeared completely by late puberty. Inverse correlations between IGF-I and percent fat mass, and direct correlations between IGF-I and VO2max as observed previously in adults, were not seen until late puberty. These data suggest that in pre-pubertal and early pubertal girls, IGF-I concentrations in blood reflect overall somatic size. This relationship between IGF-I and body size diminishes with sexual maturation, while correlations between IGF-I and both fitness and fatness emerge. (C) 1998 Churchill Livingstone. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Texas Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Endocrinol & Metab Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Beckett, PR (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Texas Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Endocrinol & Metab Sect, 6621 Fannin,MC 3-2351, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 1096-6374 J9 GROWTH HORM IGF RES JI Growth Horm. IGF Res. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 8 IS 4 BP 283 EP 288 DI 10.1016/S1096-6374(98)80123-8 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 131MH UT WOS:000076579500003 PM 10984319 ER PT J AU Werner, DJ Okie, WR AF Werner, DJ Okie, WR TI A history and description of the Prunus persica plant introduction collection SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EVERGREEN PEACH; COLD HARDINESS; UNITED-STATES; L BATSCH; INHERITANCE; NECTARINE; RESISTANCE; SELECTIONS; TOLERANCE C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Werner, DJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Box 7609, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1998 VL 33 IS 5 BP 787 EP 793 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 108DP UT WOS:000075251000001 ER PT J AU Wood, BW Reilly, CC AF Wood, BW Reilly, CC TI Susceptibility of pecan to black pecan aphids SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE resistance; breeding; reproduction; flowering; production; orchard management; alternate bearing; Carya illinoensis; Melanocallis caryaefoliae ID MELANOCALLIS-CARYAEFOLIAE HOMOPTERA; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS METHOD; MONELLIOPSIS-PECANIS; CARYELLA; BEHAVIOR; FOLIAGE AB The host-parasite interaction between the black pecan aphid (BPA) [Melanocallis caryaefoliae (Davis)] and pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] was investigated. Three years of field observations of the ability of BPA populations to induce chlorotic blotches, or visual damage, on 32 pecan cultivars revealed considerable variation in cultivar susceptibility to BPA damage. Among the most commonly grown cultivars, 'Sioux','Cape Fear', 'Farley', 'Cowley', 'Grabohls', and 'Barton' exhibited the least damage, whereas 'Choctaw','Oconee', and 'Sumner' exhibited the greatest, with 'Sioux' and 'Choctaw' exhibiting the greatest extremes in susceptibility. Subsequent evaluation indicated that the foliage of pecan genotypes can exhibit an antibiotic-like effect, resulting in the suppression of resident BPA populations, However, the relationship between the degree of this antibiotic effect and the degree of damage exhibited by trees, or field tolerance, was negligible (r = -0,10), For example, while 'Choctaw' foliage greatly suppressed BPA population growth, this population was able to inflict relatively severe damage to leaves. An evaluation of feeding preference indicated that BPA alate viviparae (winged females) preferentially feed upon host cultivars on which they have been previously feeding. This feeding preference was eliminated by rinsing leaves with distilled water; hence, a water soluble factor(s) appears to be involved in host preference. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Wood, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1998 VL 33 IS 5 BP 798 EP 801 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 108DP UT WOS:000075251000003 ER PT J AU Maas, JL Enns, JM Hokanson, SC Hellmich, RL AF Maas, JL Enns, JM Hokanson, SC Hellmich, RL TI Injury to strawberry crowns caused by European corn borer larvae SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fragaria x ananassa; Ostrinia nubilalis; crown borer; insect pests AB Larvae of several insects injure and kill strawberry (Fragaria xananassa Duchesne) plants by burrowing into and hollowing out plant crowns. Occasionally, these infestations are serious enough to cause heavy economic losses to fruit producers and nursery plant growers, In 1997 in Beltsville, Md., we observed wilting and dying mature plants and unrooted runner plants in two experimental strawberry plantings. Injury by larvae was extensive; large cavities occurred in crowns, and the central pith tissues were removed from stolons and leaf petioles, Often, insect frass was seen at entrance holes, Larvae removed from hollowed-out parts of injured plants were identified as the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner) in their fifth instar stage. Their presence in this instance also was associated with a cover crop of millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv., 'German Strain R'] planted between the strawberry rows for weed suppression. This is the first published report of the European corn borer attacking strawberry. Although this insect may occur only sporadically in strawberry plantings, it mag become important in the future. Growers and other professionals should become aware of this new strawberry pest and recognize that its management in strawberry will be different from management of other crown-boring insects. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA, ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Maas, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1998 VL 33 IS 5 BP 866 EP 867 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 108DP UT WOS:000075251000023 ER PT J AU Wang, CY AF Wang, CY TI Heat treatment affects postharvest quality of kale and collard, but not of Brussels sprouts SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE storage; sugar; organic acid; color; yellowing; senescence; Brassica oleracea ID HOT-WATER DIPS; CHILLING INJURY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; TOMATO FRUIT; SHELF-LIFE; TOLERANCE; BROCCOLI; APPLES; DECAY AB Mature leaves of kale (Brassica oleracea L., Alboglabra group) and collard (Brassica oleracea L., Acephala group), and Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea L., Gemmifera group) were heated by moist air at 40, 45, 50, or 55 degrees C for durations of 0, 30, 60, or 90 minutes. Heating of hale at 45 degrees C for 30 minutes was effective in maintaining better postharvest quality, delaying yellowing, and reducing losses of sugars and organic acids during subsequent storage at 15 degrees C. Exposure of collard at 40 degrees C for 60 minutes also delayed yellowing and maintained turgidity of the leaves. Other treatments were either less beneficial, not effective, or caused injury. Heat injury occurred when temperature and duration exceeded the tolerance levels. In some cases, heat-injured tissues remained green but developed fungal infection. Heat treatments had no measurable effects on the rate of senescence or storage quality of Brussels sprouts. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Plant Sci Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, CY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Plant Sci Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1998 VL 33 IS 5 BP 881 EP 883 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 108DP UT WOS:000075251000027 ER PT J AU Babic, I Watada, AE AF Babic, I Watada, AE TI Freeze-dried spinach powder inhibits growth of Listeria species and strains in tryptic soy broth SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Spinacia oleracea; fresh-cut; microorganism ID MONOCYTOGENES; CARROT AB a study was undertaken to determine the inhibitory effect of freeze-dried spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) powder and its native mesophilic aerobic microorganisms (MAM) on the growth of sis strains, representing three species, of Listeria in tryptic soy broth (TSB), The cultures were incubated at 10 degrees C and growth was measured daily. Both spinach powder and MAM inhibited growth; maximum populations at 6 days were 8.8 Log(10) colony-forming units (cfu) per mL(-1) in control, 6.4 in spinach powder cultures, and 7.4 in MAM cultures, These results indicated that growth of various Listeria species/strains was affected by the bacteriostatic effect of spinach powder and competitive effect of native microorganisms. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Watada, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1998 VL 33 IS 5 BP 884 EP 886 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 108DP UT WOS:000075251000028 ER PT J AU Hammerschlag, FA Smigocki, AC AF Hammerschlag, FA Smigocki, AC TI Growth and in vitro propagation of peach plants transformed with the shooty mutant strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cytokinin; growth habit; isopentenyl transferase gene; Prunus persica; transformation ID ISOPENTENYL TRANSFERASE GENE; COM-PACT REDHAVEN; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; T-DNA; REGENERATION; SENSITIVITY; CYTOKININS; TISSUES; INVITRO; TIPS AB Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] plants #94-1, #99-1, and #40-1, carrying a cytokinin biosynthesis (ipt) gene following transformation with the shooty mutant strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, were evaluated for altered growth habit and axillary shoot formation, both in vitro and in the greenhouse. After 9 weeks of in vitro propagation on four different levels of 6-benzyladenine (BA), only transformant #99-1 exhibited significantly greater axillary shoot formation (on 10 mu M BA), and significantly greater fresh mass (on 3, 10, and 30 mu M BA) than the control #RG-3. Tolerance to a supra-optimal (30 mu M) concentration of BA was indicated by fresh mass increases for #99-1 shoot cultures. Delayed senescence on 0 mu M BA was exhibited by 87% of the transformants, but by only 12% of the control plants. Greenhouse-grown #99-1 and #40-1 were significantly shorter than #RG-3 plants at 6 weeks and at 1 gear, but only #40-1 exhibited significantly greater branching than the controls. Chemical names used: 6-benzyladenine (BA); isopentenyl transferase (ipt). C1 USDA ARS, Inst Plant Physiol, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hammerschlag, FA (reprint author), Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Fruit Lab, Bldg 010A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1998 VL 33 IS 5 BP 897 EP 899 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 108DP UT WOS:000075251000032 ER PT J AU Fery, RL Dukes, PD Thies, JA AF Fery, RL Dukes, PD Thies, JA TI 'Carolina Wonder' and 'Charleston Belle': Southern root-knot nematode-resistant bell peppers SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Capsicum annuum; Meloidogyne incognita; soil-borne pathogen; disease resistance ID CAYENNE PEPPER C1 USDA, ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Fery, RL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 8 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1998 VL 33 IS 5 BP 900 EP 902 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 108DP UT WOS:000075251000033 ER PT J AU Ryder, EJ Waycott, W AF Ryder, EJ Waycott, W TI Crisphead lettuce resistant to tipburn: Cultivar Tiber and eight breeding lines SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calcium; physiological disorder; lettuce mosaic; downy mildew; Lactuca sativa C1 USDA, ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Ryder, EJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Agr Res Stn,1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1998 VL 33 IS 5 BP 903 EP 904 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 108DP UT WOS:000075251000034 ER PT J AU Fery, RL AF Fery, RL TI 'Charleston Greenpack', a pinkeye-type southernpea with a green cotyledon phenotype SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vigna unguiculata; cowpea; blackeye bean; vegetable breeding C1 USDA, ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Fery, RL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD AUG PY 1998 VL 33 IS 5 BP 907 EP 908 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 108DP UT WOS:000075251000036 ER PT J AU Marks, D Kimball, J Tingey, D Link, T AF Marks, D Kimball, J Tingey, D Link, T TI The sensitivity of snowmelt processes to climate conditions and forest cover during rain-on-snow: a case study of the 1996 Pacific Northwest flood SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE snowmelt; rain-on-snow; forest canopy effects; flooding ID ENERGY EXCHANGE; WESTERN CASCADES; ALPINE REGION; SIERRA-NEVADA; SURFACE; OREGON AB A warm, very wet Pacific storm caused significant flooding in the Pacific Northwest during February 1996. Rapid melting of the mountain snow cover contributed to this flooding. An energy balance snowmelt model is used to simulate snowmelt processes during this event in the Central Cascade Mountains of Oregon. Data from paired open and forested experimental sites at locations at and just below the Pacific Crest were used to drive the model, The event was preceded by cold, stormy conditions that developed a significant snow cover down to elevations as low as 500 m in the Oregon Cascades. At the start of the storm, the depth of the snow cover at the high site (1142 m) was 1.97 m with a snow water equivalent (SWE) of 425 mm, while at the mid-site (968 m) the snow cover was 1.14 m with a SWE of 264 mm. During the 5-6 day period of the storm the open high site received 349 mm of rain, lost 291 mm of SWE and generated 640 mm of runoff, leaving only 0.22 m of snow on the ground. The mid-site received 410 mm of rain, lost 264 mm of SWE to melt and generated 674 mm of runoff, completely depleting the snow cover. Simulations at adjacent forested sites showed significantly less snowmelt during the event. The snow cover under the mature forest at the high site lost only 44 mm of SWE during the event, generating 396 mm of runoff and leaving 0.69 m of snow. The model accurately simulated both snow cover depth and SWE during the development of the snow cover prior to the storm, and the depletion of the snow cover during the event. This analysis shows that because of the high temperature, humidity and relatively high winds in the open sites during the storm, 60-90% of the energy for snowmelt came from sensible and latent heat exchanges. Because the antecedent conditions extended the snow cover to very low elevations in the basin, snowmelt generated by condensation during the event made a significant contribution to the flood. Lower wind speeds beneath the forest canopy during the storm reduced the magnitude of the turbulent exchanges at the snow surface, so the contribution of snowmelt to the runoff from forested areas was significantly less, This experiment shows the sensitivity of snowmelt processes to both climate and land cover, and illustrates how the forest canopy is coupled to the hydrological cycle in mountainous areas. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Marks, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RI Link, Timothy/G-5556-2012 NR 30 TC 142 Z9 146 U1 2 U2 45 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD AUG-SEP PY 1998 VL 12 IS 10-11 BP 1569 EP 1587 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199808/09)12:10/11<1569::AID-HYP682>3.3.CO;2-C PG 25 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 116TF UT WOS:000075740100006 ER PT J AU Luce, CH Tarboton, DG Cooley, RR AF Luce, CH Tarboton, DG Cooley, RR TI The influence of the spatial distribution of snow on basin-averaged snowmelt SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE Spatial variability; distributed catchment modelling; snow hydrology ID ALPINE CATCHMENT AB Spatial variability in snow accumulation and melt owing to topographic effects on solar radiation, snow drifting, air temperature and precipitation is important in determining the timing of snowmelt releases, Precipitation and temperature effects related to topography affect snowpack variability at large scales and are generally included in models of hydrology in mountainous terrain. The effects of spatial variability in drifting and solar input are generally included only in distributed models at small scales. Previous research has demonstrated that snowpack patterns are not well reproduced when topography and drifting are ignored, implying that larger scale representations that ignore drifting could be in error. Detailed measurements of the spatial distribution of snow water equivalence within a small, intensively studied, 26-ha watershed were used to validate a spatially distributed snowmelt model. These observations and model output were then compared to basin-averaged snowmelt rates from a single-point representation of the basin, a two-region representation that captures some of the variability in drifting and aspect and a model with distributed terrain but uniform drift. The model comparisons demonstrate that the lumped, single-point representation and distributed terrain with uniform drift both yielded poor simulations of the basin-averaged surface water input rate. The two-point representation was a slight improvement, but the late season melt required for the observed stream-flow was not simulated because the deepest drifts were not represented. These results imply that representing the effects of subgrid variability of snow drifting is equally or more important than representing subgrid variability in solar radiation. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Luce, CH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 316 E Myrtle, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008; Tarboton, David/G-8972-2011 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662; Tarboton, David/0000-0002-1998-3479 NR 20 TC 131 Z9 133 U1 2 U2 27 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD AUG-SEP PY 1998 VL 12 IS 10-11 BP 1671 EP 1683 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199808/09)12:10/11<1671::AID-HYP688>3.0.CO;2-N PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 116TF UT WOS:000075740100012 ER PT J AU Konkel, ME Kim, BJ Klena, JD Young, CR Ziprin, R AF Konkel, ME Kim, BJ Klena, JD Young, CR Ziprin, R TI Characterization of the thermal stress response of Campylobacter jejuni SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HEAT-SHOCK RESPONSE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CLOSTRIDIUM-ACETOBUTYLICUM; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; PLASMID REPLICATION; DNAJ GENE; PROTEINS; GRPE; PARTICIPATION AB Campylobacter jejuni, a microaerophilic, gram-negative bacterium, is a common cause of gastrointestinal disease in humans. Heat shock proteins are a group of highly conserved, coregulated proteins that play important roles in enabling organisms to cope with physiological stresses. The primary aim of this study was to characterize the heat shock response of C.jejuni. Twenty-four proteins were preferentially synthesized by C, jejuni immediately following heat shock Upon immunoscreening of Escherichia coli transformants harboring a Campylobacter genomic DNA library, one recombinant plasmid that encoded a heat shock protein was isolated. The recombinant plasmid, designated pMEK20, contained an open reading frame of 1,119 bp that was capable of encoding a protein of 372 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 41,435 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence of the open reading frame shared similarity with that of DnaJ, which belongs to the Hsp-40 family of molecular chaperones, from a number of bacteria. An E, coli dnaJ mutant was successfully complemented with the pMEK20 recombinant plasmid, as judged by the ability of bacteriophage lambda to form plaques, indicating that the C, jejuni gene encoding the 41-kDa protein is a functional homolog of the dnaJ gene from E. coli, The ability of each of two C.jejuni dnaJ mutants to form colonies at 46 degrees C was severely retarded, indicating that DnaJ plays an important role in C.jejuni thermotolerance. Experiments revealed that a C,jejuni DnaJ mutant was unable to colonize newly hatched Leghorn chickens, suggesting that heat shock proteins play a role in vivo. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Canterbury, Dept Plant & Microbial Sci, Christchurch, New Zealand. USDA, ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77874 USA. RP Konkel, ME (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [A R01 DK50567-01A1] NR 36 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 66 IS 8 BP 3666 EP 3672 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 103TJ UT WOS:000074973700024 PM 9673247 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Dorough, KR Jenkins, MC Liddell, S Speer, CA Kwok, OCH Shen, SK AF Dubey, JP Dorough, KR Jenkins, MC Liddell, S Speer, CA Kwok, OCH Shen, SK TI Canine neosporosis: clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and isolation of Neospora caninum in mice and cell culture SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neosporosis; Neospora caninum; clinical signs; isolation; mice; cell culture; treatment; clindamycin ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TISSUE CYSTS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; DOGS; INFECTION; PROTOZOAN; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; ULTRASTRUCTURE; CLINDAMYCIN AB Clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and isolation of Neospora caninum from two littermate dogs are described. Three of six pups from a Labrador bitch developed paralysis. Neosporosis was diagnosed ante mortem by serological examination in two of the affected pups. At necropsy, tissue cysts were seen in unstained smears and in histologic sections of their brains. Tissue cysts were often thin-walled (similar to 1 mu m) but antigenically and ultrastructurally identified as N. caninum. Furthermore, N. caninum (isolates NC-4, NC-5) was isolated in mice and in cell cultures inoculated with neural tissues of these two dogs. Serological diagnosis of neosporosis using a variety of tests is discussed. (C) 1998 Australian Society for Parasitology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Warner Robins Anim Hosp PC, Warner Robins, GA 31093 USA. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, BARC E,Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@ggpl.arsusda.gov RI liddell, susan/C-2653-2012 NR 43 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 28 IS 8 BP 1293 EP 1304 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(98)00099-X PG 12 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 114LB UT WOS:000075610000020 PM 9762578 ER PT J AU Beninger, CW Hosfield, GL AF Beninger, CW Hosfield, GL TI Flavonol glycosides from the seed coat of a new manteca-type dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Phaseolus vulgaris L; flavonol glycosides; seed coat color genotype; proanthocyanidins ID PROTEIN; QUALITY AB Two flavonol glycosides were isolated from the methanol extracts of "Prim", a variety of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Manteca-type), with a yellow seed coat color. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to isolate and identify compound 1, kaempferol (3,4,5,4'-tetrahydroxyflavone)-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and compound 2, kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside-(2-->1)-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside. Concentrations of these compounds were 49.9 +/- 0.78 mg/100 g and 58.5 +/- 1.67 mg/100 g of fresh whole bean weight, respectively. These two flavonols were the only flavonoids found in Prim and our data indicate that they are responsible for imparting the yellow color to the seed coat. We were not able to indicate the biochemical effects of the eight genes responsible for seed coat color, but we show that G is probably not responsible for producing a flavonol 3,5-diglycoside as has been hypothesized in the literature. No proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins) were found in Prim dry bean seed coat. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Bioact Nat Prod Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Pesticide Res Ctr, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Hosfield, GL (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 20 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 46 IS 8 BP 2906 EP 2910 DI 10.1021/jf9801522 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 112DD UT WOS:000075478100002 ER PT J AU Lu, FC Ralph, J AF Lu, FC Ralph, J TI Facile synthesis of 4-hydroxycinnamyl p-coumarates SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE coniferyl p-coumarate; sinapyl p-coumarate; lignin; acylation; grasses; radical coupling; deacetylation ID MAIZE LIGNIN; CONIFERYL; ALCOHOL; NMR AB Coniferyl p-coumarate (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamyl 4-hydroxycinnamate) and sinapyl p-coumarate (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamyl 4-hydroxycinnamate) were synthesized in high overall yield. In this improved method acetate was used as the phenol protecting group instead of 2,4-dinitrophenyl ether; selective deacetylation, without cinnamate ester hydrolysis, was accomplished with neat pyrrolidine. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ralph, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 14 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 46 IS 8 BP 2911 EP 2913 DI 10.1021/jf980440y PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 112DD UT WOS:000075478100003 ER PT J AU Corneli, S Maragos, CM AF Corneli, S Maragos, CM TI Capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence: Method for the mycotoxin ochratoxin A SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ochratoxin A; coffee; corn; sorghum; capillary electrophoresis ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SWINE; CORN; B-1 AB Ochratoxin A (OA) is a natural contaminant of a large variety of foods of plant and animal origin. Herein is reported the development of a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method for the quantification of OA in three very different commodities: roasted coffee, corn, and sorghum. The extraction and isolation procedures combine a silica column and an immunoaffinity cleanup column analogous to other chromatographic methods. After separation from interferences by CE, OA was exposed to light from an ultraviolet He/Cd laser, and the fluorescence of OA was measured [CE-laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF)]. When OA was added to several foods over the range 0.2-10 ng/g (ppb), the average recoveries were 86% for roasted coffee (SD = 12.2; n = 8), 99% for corn (SD = 10.1; n = 8), and 91% for sorghum (SD = 14.8; n = 4). Each instrumental analysis, after extraction and purification, required 13 min, equivalent to HPLC analysis. CE-LIF can be applied to the quantitation of OA in roasted coffee, corn, and sorghum, reducing organic solvent usage relative to HPLC. C1 ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Ist Super Sanita, Lab Alimenti, I-00161 Rome, Italy. RP Maragos, CM (reprint author), ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM maragocm@mail.ncaur.usda.gov NR 26 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 46 IS 8 BP 3162 EP 3165 DI 10.1021/jf971081u PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 112DD UT WOS:000075478100043 ER PT J AU Petroske, E Zaylskie, RG Feil, VJ AF Petroske, E Zaylskie, RG Feil, VJ TI Reduction in polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran residues in hamburger meat during cooking SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dioxins; furans; residues; cooking; 2,3,7,8-TCDD ID DIOXINS; FOOD AB Human exposure to the environmental pollutants in the polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran classes is mainly through bioaccumulation of residues in animal food products. Estimates of risk require detailed knowledge of diet, consumption patterns, and the effects of food processing and handling on residues. Cooking(pan-frying) hamburger patties was found to reduce the amount of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans actually consumed by 40-50% if the pan fats and juices mere discarded. Preparation of the hamburger patties from high residue-level tissues obtained from steers used in a dioxin metabolism experiment and exposed to pentachlorophenol treated wood allowed for improved analytical precision and accuracy in this study. C1 ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Feil, VJ (reprint author), ARS, Biosci Res Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 46 IS 8 BP 3280 EP 3284 DI 10.1021/jf980024d PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 112DD UT WOS:000075478100063 ER PT J AU Lee, N Holtzapple, CK Stanker, LH AF Lee, N Holtzapple, CK Stanker, LH TI Cloning, expression, and characterization of recombinant Fab antibodies against dioxin SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dioxin; recombinant antibody; cloning antibody genes; Fab; expression vector; Escherichia coli; immunoassay ID DIBENZO-PARA-DIOXINS; SINGLE-CHAIN ANTIBODIES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; HERBICIDE ATRAZINE; FRAGMENT; IMMUNOASSAY; PROTEINS; SECRETION; SEQUENCES AB Using two hybridoma cell lines (DD1 and DD3) secreting anti-dioxin monoclonal antibodies as a source for messenger RNA and cDNA, light and heavy chain gene fragments of Fab domains were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified gene fragments were cloned into the pFabUSDAI vector for expression of recombinant Fab antibodies in Escherichia coli. Expression of the soluble and functional recombinant Fab antibodies (designated rFabl-1 and rFab3-3) was confirmed by an indirect immunoassay using dioxin conjugated to rabbit serum albumin. On the basis of these rFabs, two competitive inhibition immunoassays using 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) as a competitor were developed. The concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD required to inhibit color development by 50% (IC50) determined from the dose response curves for rFAB1-1 and rFAB3-3 were 10.4 +/- 2.4 and 12.2 +/- 6.0 ng/mL, respectively. The binding properties of both rFab antibodies for other chemically related compounds were relatively similar to those of their respective monoclonal antibodies and enzymatically derived Fab fragments. C1 ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Lee, N (reprint author), ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, USDA, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 39 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 46 IS 8 BP 3381 EP 3388 DI 10.1021/jf980285n PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 112DD UT WOS:000075478100078 ER PT J AU Van Tassell, CP Van Vleck, LD Gregory, KE AF Van Tassell, CP Van Vleck, LD Gregory, KE TI Bayesian analysis of twinning and ovulation rates using a multiple-trait threshold model and Gibbs sampling SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE threshold models; Monte Carlo method; variance components; heritability; genetic correlation; Bayesian theory ID ORDERED CATEGORICAL-DATA; VARIANCE-COMPONENTS; CALVING DIFFICULTY; BIRTH-WEIGHT; CATTLE; INFERENCE; BINARY; POPULATION; LIKELIHOOD AB The Multiple-Trait Gibbs Sampler for Animal Models programs were extended to allow analysis of ordered categorical data using a Bayesian threshold model. The algorithm is based on data augmentation, where a value on the unobserved underlying normally distributed variable (liability) is generated in each round of iteration for each categorical observation. The programs allow analysis of several continuous and ordered categorical traits. Categorical traits can have any number of response levels. Models can be different for each trait. The programs were used to analyze twinning and ovulation rates from a herd of cattle selected for twinning rate at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center. Data included number of calves born at each parturition for the lifetime of a cow and number of eggs ovulated for several estrous cycles before first breeding as heifers. A total of 6,411 calvings was recorded for 2,087 cows with 83.2% single and 16.8% multiple births. A total of 19,849 ovulations was recorded for 2,332 heifers with 85.2% single and 14.8% multiple ovulations. Mean posterior estimates of heritability and fraction of variance accounted for by permanent environmental effects (PE) were .128 and .103 for twinning rate and .168 and .079 for ovulation rate. Mean posterior estimate of genetic correlation was .808, and correlation of PE effects was .517. Use of a threshold model could allow for more rapid genetic improvement of the twinning herd through improved identification and selection of genetically superior animals because of higher heritability on the underlying scale. C1 ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Van Tassell, CP (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Bldg 263,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM curtvt@aipl.arsusda.gov OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 NR 29 TC 84 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 76 IS 8 BP 2048 EP 2061 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 118AL UT WOS:000075815000007 PM 9734854 ER PT J AU Freking, BA Keele, JW Beattie, CW Kappes, SM Smith, TPL Sonstegard, TS Nielsen, MK Leymaster, KA AF Freking, BA Keele, JW Beattie, CW Kappes, SM Smith, TPL Sonstegard, TS Nielsen, MK Leymaster, KA TI Evaluation of the ovine Callipyge locus: I. Relative chromosomal position and gene action SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Callipyge; sheep; carcass composition; genes ID LINKAGE MAP; BOVINE; MICROSATELLITES; CATTLE; SHEEP; LOCALIZATION; LIBRARY; MARKERS; DNA AB Genotypic and phenotypic data were collected to estimate chromosomal position of the callipyge (CLPG) gene and to test gene action. Nine Dorset rams of extreme muscling phenotype and 114 Romanov ewes composed the grandparent generation of a resource flock of 362 F-2 lambs segregating at the CLPG locus. The parent generation consisted of eight F-1 sires and 138 F-1 dams. The F-2 lambs were serially slaughtered in six groups at 3-wk intervals starting at 23 wk of age to allow comparisons at different end points. A linkage group of 25 marker loci (mean of 708 informative meioses per marker) spanning 87.2 cM was developed and improved the previous known coverage and precision of marker order and interval distance from available maps of ovine chromosome 18. Probabilities of each CLPG genotype were calculated at 1-cM intervals (0 to 107 cM). Statistical models included effects of year, sex, sire, regressions on genotypic probabilities, and genotype-specific linear and quadratic regressions on appropriate covariates. Orthogonal contrasts of CLPG genotypic effects evaluated additive, maternal dominance, and paternally derived polar overdominance models of gene action. The most parsimonious model did not include the additive and maternal dominance genetic contrasts. From analyses of four key traits, a consensus for position of CLPG was obtained at 86 cM relative to the most centromeric marker. An F-test with 3 df representing polar overdominance was maximum at position 86 cM (F = 407.4; P < .00001) with leg score as the dependent variable. These results are consistent with assignment of the CLPG locus to the telomeric region of chromosome 18 and support the polar overdominance model of gene action proposed by Cockett et al. (1996). Furthermore, recombinant individuals with definitive phenotypes confined the position of CLPG to a 3.9-cM interval, facilitating positional cloning experiments. C1 ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Leymaster, KA (reprint author), ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Freking, Brad/C-6494-2008 NR 34 TC 48 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 76 IS 8 BP 2062 EP 2071 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 118AL UT WOS:000075815000008 PM 9734855 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AD Scholz, AM Pursel, VG Evock-Clover, CM AF Mitchell, AD Scholz, AM Pursel, VG Evock-Clover, CM TI Composition analysis of pork carcasses by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pigs; carcass composition; X-rays ID LEAN BODY-MASS; PHOTON-ABSORPTIOMETRY; WEIGHT RANGE; PIGS; FAT; GENOTYPE AB Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used as a noninvasive method to measure the composition of pig carcasses. A total of 181 half-carcasses (10 to 51 kg, from pigs slaughtered at approximately 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg) were scanned using a Lunar (Madison, WI) DPX-L densitometer. The DXA measurements of fat, lean, bone mineral, and total tissue mass were compared with chemical analysis for fat, water, protein, total ash, and scale weight. The mean value for total tissue mass by DXA was slightly less than the mean carcass weight (32.3 kg vs 33.6 kg, P > .05, R-2 = .998). Although highly correlated (R-2 = .81), the DXA measurement of the percentage of fat in the half-carcass was less (P < .001) than the chemical measurement (19.5 vs 24.9%). The DXA measurement of lean tissue mass (total mass less fat and bone mineral) was correlated with carcass protein (R-2 = .97) and water (R-2 = .99) content. The correlation (R-2) between DXA bone mineral content and carcass ash content was only .68; however, DXA bone mineral content was more highly correlated with carcass weight (R-2 = .93) than was carcass ash content (R-2 = .70). When we used the DXA R value (ratio of the attenuation coefficients for fat and lean) to predict percentage of fat in the carcass, the mean value for predicted carcass fat was 25.9% (P > .05). Similarly, carcass protein and water content were predicted from DXA lean. Using DXA region of interest analysis, estimates of the fat content of the shoulder and ham regions were close to chemical values; however, DXA underestimated the fat content of the loin and side regions by 20 and 28%, respectively. When prediction equations were used to evaluate DXA measurements of the half-carcasses of 28 gilts and 37 boars slaughtered at approximately 120 kg, the half-carcasses of gilts contained more fat (33.9 vs 27.8%, P < .001), less protein (14.1 vs 16.1%, P < .001), and less water (45.9 vs 52.1%, P < .001) than those of boars. These results indicate that DXA could be a valuable research tool for measuring the composition of pig carcasses. On the basis of the results of this study, prediction equations were revised for the DXA estimation of fat, protein, and water content of the half-carcass: Fat (%) = 450 - (315 . DXA R value), Protein (g) = -145 + (.23 . DXA lean), and Water (g) = 150 + (.73 . DXA lean). Furthermore, it seems that separate prediction equations are needed for regional analysis. C1 ARS, Growth Biol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Humboldt Univ, Inst Anim Sci, Berlin, Germany. RP Mitchell, AD (reprint author), ARS, Growth Biol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 76 IS 8 BP 2104 EP 2114 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 118AL UT WOS:000075815000013 PM 9734860 ER PT J AU Park, B Chen, YR Hruschka, WR Shackelford, SD Koohmaraie, M AF Park, B Chen, YR Hruschka, WR Shackelford, SD Koohmaraie, M TI Near-infrared reflectance analysis for predicting beef longissimus tenderness SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; tenderness; reflectance; spectrophotometry; statistical analysis; regression AB Near-infrared reflectance spectra (1,100 to 2,498 nm) were collected on beef longissimus thoracis steaks for the purpose of establishing the feasibility of predicting meat tenderness by spectroscopy. Partial least squares (PLS) analysis (up to 20 factors) and multiple linear regression (MLR) were used to predict cooked longissimus Warner-Brattier shear (WBS) force values from spectra of steaks from 119 beef carcasses. Modeling used the combination of log(1/R) and its second derivative. Overall, absorption was higher for extremely tough steaks than for tender steaks. This was particularly true at wavelengths between 1,100 and 1,350 nm. For PLS regression, optimal model conditions (R-2 = .67; SEC = 1.2 kg) occurred with six PLS factors. When the PLS model was tested against the validation subset, similar performance was obtained (R-2 = .63; SEP = 1.3 kg) and bias was small (< .3 kg). Among the 39 samples in the validation data set, 48.7, 87.7, and 97.4% of the samples were predicted within 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 kg, respectively, of the observed Warner-Brattier shear force value. The optimal PLS model was able to predict whether a steak would have a Warner-Brattier shear force value < 6 kg with 75% accuracy. The R-2 of MLR model was .67, and 89% of samples were correctly classified (< 6 vs > 6 kg) for Warner-Brattier shear force. These data indicate that NIR is capable of predicting Warner-Brattier shear force values of longissimus steaks. Refinement of this technique may allow nondestructive measurement of beef longissimus at the processing plant level. C1 ARS, Beltsville Area Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Park, B (reprint author), ARS, Beltsville Area Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 7 TC 82 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 76 IS 8 BP 2115 EP 2120 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 118AL UT WOS:000075815000014 PM 9734861 ER PT J AU Stuedemann, JA Hill, NS Thompson, FN Fayrer-Hosken, RA Hay, WP Dawe, DL Seman, DH Martin, SA AF Stuedemann, JA Hill, NS Thompson, FN Fayrer-Hosken, RA Hay, WP Dawe, DL Seman, DH Martin, SA TI Urinary and biliary excretion of ergot alkaloids from steers that grazed endophyte-infected tall fescue. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE festuca poisoning; urine analysis; alkaloids; steers; endophytes ID RUMINAL FERMENTATION; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; ERGOLINE ALKALOIDS; DIGESTA KINETICS; NUTRIENT QUALITY; FORAGE INTAKE; INVITRO; CATTLE AB Ergot alkaloids cause fescue toxicosis when livestock graze endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue. Little is known about the bioavailability of the ergot alkaloid classes (lysergic acid, lysergic acid amides, or ergopeptine alkaloids) in livestock, and this hampers development of pharmacological strategies to ameliorate the toxicosis. One method used to determine bioavailability of ergot alkaloids is to examine urinary and biliary excretion patterns. Thus, our objectives were to compare ergot alkaloid excretion via urinary or biliary systems and to determine the rate of appearance or clearance of these alkaloids in cattle that were grazing E+ or endophyte-free (E-) tall fescue. In autumn 1996, bile and urine samples were collected from eight steers (203 kg), each grazing E+ and E- tall fescue, and total alkaloid excretion was quantified using competitive ELISA. Approximately 96% of the ergot alkaloids were excreted in urine. The same steers were used to examine the rate of appearance in, or clearance from, urine when switched from E+ to E-, or from E- to E+, pastures in comparison with steers that were continuously grazing E+ or E- tall fescue at 0, 2, 5, and 7 d. Steers were returned to their original pastures after 7 d, and urine was collected at 2, 5, and 7 d. Urinary alkaloid concentrations in steers switched from E- to E+ pastures were similar (P = .55) to those in steers that continuously grazed E+ tall fescue after 2 d. Steers switched from E+ to E- pastures had urinary alkaloid concentrations similar (P = .91) to those in steers that continuously grazed E- pastures after 2 d. In 1997, two trials were conducted in which steers (191 kg) were switched or remained on E+ or E- pastures, and urine was collected at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h to estimate rate of alkaloid appearance or clearance. Steers switched from E- to E+ 1) had about 33% as much urinary alkaloids as steers grazing E+ pasture after 12 h, 2) were not different after 24 h(P = .76), 3) had twice those of the E+ steers at 48 h ( P < .05), and 4) were not different after 96 h. Steers switched from E+ to E- tall fescue had approximately 33% less (P < .05) urinary alkaloids than those grazing E+ at 12 h, 67% less (P < .05) at 24 and 48 h, and were not different (P = .86) from steers continuously grazing E- pastures after 96 h. Urinary alkaloid excretion patterns were similar to ergot alkaloid solubility patterns from in vitro digestion of E+ tall fescue. We suggest that alkaloids, liberated from the forage by ruminal microorganisms, were rapidly absorbed as lysergic acid amides and biotransformed ergopeptine alkaloids. C1 ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, USDA, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Stuedemann, JA (reprint author), ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, USDA, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 30 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 76 IS 8 BP 2146 EP 2154 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 118AL UT WOS:000075815000018 PM 9734865 ER PT J AU Estienne, MJ Hurlock, WF Barb, CR AF Estienne, MJ Hurlock, WF Barb, CR TI Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone, growth hormone, and cortisol in gilts treated with N-methyl-D,L-aspartate during the estrous cycle or after ovariectomy SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE LH; somatotropin; hydrocortisone; neurotransmitters; gilts ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; STALK-TRANSECTED PIGS; SECRETION; MODULATION; PROLACTIN; PITUITARY; ESTRADIOL; SOWS; ASPARTATE; LACTATION AB The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of n-methyl-d,l-aspartate (NMA), an agonist of the neurotransmitter glutamate, on circulating concentrations of LH, GH, and cortisol in gilts treated during the luteal (n = 4) or follicular (n = 4) phase of the estrous cycle, or after ovariectomy(n = 4). Blood was sampled every 15 min for 10 h on each of two consecutive days. On the 1st d, two gilts from each group received i.v. injections of NMA (10 mg/kg BW) at h 4 and 6, and the remaining gilts received .9% saline (vehicle). The following day, gilts that had received NMA on the Ist d received vehicle, and gilts that had received vehicle on d 1 received NMA. All gilts received an i.v. challenge of GnRH (.1 mu g/kg BW) at h 8 on each day. The NMA treatment increased (P < .01) LH pulse frequency in luteal-phase gilts by 125%. In contrast, NMA decreased (P < .05) mean concentrations of LH by 48% and suppressed(P < .01) LH pulse frequency by 33% in ovariectomized gilts. No characteristics of LH secretion were affected (P > .05) by NMA in follicular phase gilts. Serum LH concentrations for the 2-h period following GnRH were lower (P < .05) in follicular-phase gilts than in ovariectomized gilts and were 1.15 +/- .09 (mean +/- SE), .81 +/- .05, and .51 +/- .17 ng/mL for ovariectomized, luteal-phase, and follicular-phase gilts, respectively. Treatment with NMA increased circulating concentrations of GH by 334% (P < .01) and cortisol by 77% (P < .03) in all gilts. We suggest that the effects of NMA on LH release in gilts depend on the circulating steroidal milieu. In contrast, NMA evokes secretion of GH and cortisol irrespective of the reproductive status of treated gilts. C1 Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Agr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. ARS, Anim Physiol Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Estienne, MJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Agr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 76 IS 8 BP 2162 EP 2168 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 118AL UT WOS:000075815000020 PM 9734867 ER PT J AU Grings, EE Hall, JB Bellows, RA Short, RE Bellows, SE Staigmiller, RB AF Grings, EE Hall, JB Bellows, RA Short, RE Bellows, SE Staigmiller, RB TI Effect of nutritional management, trace mineral supplementation, and norgestomet implant on attainment of puberty in beef heifers. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef heifers; puberty; copper; zinc; progesterone ID COPPER STATUS; MOLYBDENUM; COWS; IRON AB We conducted a study to evaluate the influences of nutritional management, trace mineral supplementation, and exogenous progesterone on attainment of puberty in beef heifers. Heifers (n = 180) were assigned at weaning to blocks and treatments. Treatments included two dietary regimens (corn silage vs pasture + oatlage), trace mineral supplementation, and puberty induction strategy (with or without progestin implant). Heifers that received pasture + oatlage were managed on grass-legume pastures from October 14 until December 14 and were then placed in pens and fed an oatlage-based diet through May 1994. Heifers fed the corn silage-based diet were housed in pens throughout the study. Norgestomet was implanted in half of the heifers on April 11 for 10 d. Progestin implant increased (P < .05) the number of heifers that had attained puberty by the end of the study, compared with nonimplanted heifers (89% vs 71%). Trace mineral supplementation did not affect percentage of heifers that reached puberty before the implant period. Plasma copper levels were below recommended levels in heifers fed oatlage-based diets without trace minerals. We conclude that heifers can be placed on regrowth in irrigated pastures during the fall and still make acceptable gains for attainment of puberty the following spring and that progestin treatment can aid in inducing heifers to reach puberty. C1 ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, USDA, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Grings, EE (reprint author), ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, USDA, Rt 1,Box 2021, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 76 IS 8 BP 2177 EP 2181 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 118AL UT WOS:000075815000022 PM 9734869 ER PT J AU Lana, RP Russell, JB Van Amburgh, ME AF Lana, RP Russell, JB Van Amburgh, ME TI The role of pH in regulating ruminal methane and ammonia production. SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rumen; pH; methane; deamination; ammonia ID ACID-FERMENTING BACTERIA; FERMENTATION; RUMEN; MONENSIN; INVITRO; FIBER AB When steers (n = 4) were fed increasing amounts of concentrate (0, 45, or 90% of DM) and decreasing amounts of forage, the VFA concentration increased (P < .001) and ruminal pH, acetate:propionate ratio, and dissociated ammonia declined (P < .001). Acetate:propionate ratio and dissociated ammonia were highly correlated (r(2) = .82 and .65, respectively) with ruminal pH. In vivo acetate:propionate ratio was highly correlated (r(2). = 78) with the capacity of the bacteria to produce methane from H(2) and CO(2) in vitro, and in vivo pH dissociated ammonia was correlated (r(2) = .59) with the capacity of the bacteria to produce ammonia from protein hydrolysate. The role of pH in regulating methane and ammonia production was supported by the effect of pH in vitro. When bacteria from cattle fed concentrate or forage were incubated at pH values from 6.5 to 5.7, methane production decreased (P < .001) from 48 to 7 nmol mg protein-l min-l and from 14 to 2 nmol mg protein(-1) .min(-1) respectively. The reduction in in vitro pH (6.5 to 5.7) also decreased (P < .001) the rates of ammonia production, but only if the bacteria were obtained from cattle fed forage (28 to 15 nmol mg protein(-1). min(-1)). Bacteria from cattle fed 90% concentrate had similar (P > .05) rates of ammonia production at pH 6.5 to 5.7 (approximately 12 nmol.mg.protein.min(-1)). These results indicated that ruminal pH affected ruminal methane production, acetate:propionate ratio, deamination, and ammonia concentration. C1 Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Lana, Rogerio/H-2321-2012 NR 39 TC 121 Z9 131 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 76 IS 8 BP 2190 EP 2196 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 118AL UT WOS:000075815000024 PM 9734871 ER PT J AU Cunningham, RL Gordon, SH Felker, FC Eskins, K AF Cunningham, RL Gordon, SH Felker, FC Eskins, K TI Glycols in polyurethane foam formulations with a starch-oil composite SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; ethylene glycol; light microscopy; polyethylene glycol; propylene glycol; scanning electron microscopy AB A dry starch-oil composite was blended with each of three glycols; ethylene, polyethylene, and propylene, and then reacted with isocyanate to produce polyurethane foams. The liquid glycols permitted the dry composite to blend well with the other ingredients in the foam formulations. Infrared spectra confirmed the presence of urethane structures in the composite-glycol foams. Polyethylene glycol provided a slightly less dense foam than the other glycols in the composite-glycol products. Microscopy showed a greater number of larger cells in the composite-polyurethane glycol foams. Infrared spectra indicated essentially no qualitative differences in the composite-glycol foams with the three glycols. By prestaining starch with toluidene blue and oil with sudan red, the location of the starch and oil components of the milled composite were observed in the composite-propylene glycol foam. Intact flakes of the composite were observed in the foam. An apparent loss of mobility of oil in the composite-polyurethane foam as evidence by NMR analysis, is probably due to crosslinking by isocyanate diffusing into the flakes. Both the cell structure and uniformity of blending were improved by using these glycols rather than the polyester polyol describe previously. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.double dagger J Appl Polym Sci 69: 957-964, 1998. C1 ARS, MWA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biomat Proc Res Unit,USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. ARS, MWA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biopolymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Eskins, K (reprint author), ARS, MWA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biomat Proc Res Unit,USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 69 IS 5 BP 957 EP 964 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19980801)69:5<957::AID-APP15>3.0.CO;2-L PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA ZX296 UT WOS:000074501200015 ER PT J AU Prokopy, RJ Hu, XP Jang, EB Vargas, RI Warthen, JD AF Prokopy, RJ Hu, XP Jang, EB Vargas, RI Warthen, JD TI Attraction of mature Ceratitis capitata females to 2-heptanone, a component of coffee fruit odor SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; 2-heptanone; coffee odor; attractants ID FORAGING BEHAVIOR; FLY DIPTERA; HOST FRUIT; EGG LOAD; FLIES; TEPHRITIDAE; VOLATILES; TRYONI; HUNGER; SEXES AB In indoor laboratory-cage and outdoor field-cage assays, we evaluated the attraction of released, protein-fed, mature Mediterranean fruit fly females to six volatile compounds emitted by attractive crushed ripe coffee fruit: 3-methyl-1-butanal, decanal, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-(Z)-pentenol, 2-(E)-hexenol, and 2-heptanone. Previous tests in a wind tunnel indicated that each of these six compounds was more attractive than clean air to females. In laboratory cage assays, none of the compounds elicited a response significantly greater than that to water. In field-cage assays, 2 or 4 mu l of 2-heptanone in 5 mi of water (but none of the other compounds at 2 or 4 pi in 5 mi of water) consistently attracted protein-fed medflies at significant levels that averaged about five times greater than attraction to water alone, although about 40% less than attraction to odor of coffee fruit extract. All types of mature protein-fed females tested (laboratory-cultured virgin, laboratory-cultured mated, wild mated) in field-cage assays responded similarly to 2-heptanone, whereas same-age (9- to Ii-day-old) protein-deprived females did not respond significantly to 2-heptanone. Response of protein-fed females to 2-heptanone increased progressively with increasing dose (1, 2, 4, or 8 mu l in 5 mi of water). Addition of 2 mu l of 2-heptanone or 2 mu l of any of the other compounds tested to 5 mi of water extract of coffee fruit did not enhance attractiveness of the extract. Relative to response to water, protein-fed females consistently exhibited a significant positive response to odor of coffee fruit extract but no significant response to odor of Nulure (a proteinaceous food attractant). Together, our findings suggest that mature protein-fed females were responding to 2-heptanone as though it were an oviposition-site stimulus rather than a feeding-site stimulus. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USDA, Trop Fruit Vegetable & Ornamental Crop Res Lab, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. USDA ARS, Insect Chem Ecol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Prokopy, RJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1293 EP 1304 DI 10.1023/A:1021218531083 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 105XZ UT WOS:000075101800003 ER PT J AU Warthen, JD Cunningham, RT Leonhardt, BA Cook, JM Avery, JW Harte, EM AF Warthen, JD Cunningham, RT Leonhardt, BA Cook, JM Avery, JW Harte, EM TI Comparison of ceralure and trimedlure controlled-release formulations for male Mediterranean fruit flies in C & C traps SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mediterranean fruit fly; Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann); medfly; trimedlure; ceralure; attractant; panel; C & C traps; TNO panels ID FLY DIPTERA; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; TEPHRITIDAE; ATTRACTION; ISOMERS; ENANTIOMERS; PERFORMANCE; DISPENSERS; TESTS AB Ceralure or trimedlure polymeric TNO panels in C&C traps were compared for attractancy by the capture of male Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). This study contrasts the effectiveness of ceralure with trimedlure, the former of which is an iodo-analog of trimedlure. Field tests in Hawaii with released flies showed that the active ceralure B1 isomer in a commercial mixture of ceralure isomers consistently caught as many male flies as active trimedlure C isomer in a commercial mixture of trimedlure isomers at one-half the molar quantity of trimedlure C. These panels caught 6.4 and 5.2 times, for ceralure and trimedlure, respectively, more than the standard 2 g trimedlure AgriSense aged plug over a 26-week period. The persistence of ceralure is demonstrated by residual analyses of aged panels that revealed the presence of 2.75 times more ceralure than trimedlure in panels after 130 days of field exposure. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Chem Ecol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Trop Fruit & Vegetable Res Lab, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Farma Tech Int, Fresno, CA 93720 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Warthen, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Chem Ecol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1305 EP 1314 DI 10.1023/A:1021270615153 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 105XZ UT WOS:000075101800004 ER PT J AU Landolt, PJ Smithhisler, CL AF Landolt, PJ Smithhisler, CL TI Isolation and identification of female sex pheromone and development of a sex attractant for Lacanobia subjuncta SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE attractant; trap; apple; cutworm; fruitworm; moth ID RUBBER SEPTA; ACETATES AB Extracts of terminal abdominal segments of female Lacanobia sub juncta contained (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecenal, and (Z)-11-hexadecenol at a ratio of 1:0.2:0.02. (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate and (Z)-11-hexadecenal were most effective as a lure for trapping males when loaded in rubber septa at ratios near 3 : 1, respectively. The complete three-component blend was most effective as a lure for trapping males when loaded in rubber septa at a ratio of 3:1:0.08 for the acetate, aldehyde, and alcohol, respectively. In a comparison of doses of this three-component blend, greatest numbers of males were captured with 6.1 mg per rubber septum. These components, when loaded with an optimum ratio of components and suitable dose, should provide a useful lure for trapping Lacanobia subjuncta in agroecosystems, permitting monitoring of distribution, emergence, and flight periods. C1 USDA, ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1369 EP 1379 DI 10.1023/A:1021230901040 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 105XZ UT WOS:000075101800009 ER PT J AU Dyer, NW Haynes, JS Ackermann, MR Rimler, RB AF Dyer, NW Haynes, JS Ackermann, MR Rimler, RB TI Morphological effects of Pasteurella multocida type-D dermonecrotoxin on rat osteosarcoma cells in a nude mouse model SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN TOXIN; ATROPHIC RHINITIS; POTENT MITOGEN; PIGS; SEQUENCE; GENE; BOMBESIN; CLONING; GROWTH; BONE AB Of 15 athymic nude mice that received subcutaneous implants of a rat osteosarcoma cell line, two groups of four subsequently received either a short (group 1) or a more prolonged (group 2) course of subcutaneous injections of the dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) of Pasteurella multocida type D. The remaining seven mice (controls) received no DNT. Both groups of DNT-treated mice lost body weight as compared with controls. Tumour weight, expressed as a percentage of body weight, increased in the four group I mice: Tumours in this group 1 were consistently larger than those in appropriate controls, indicating that this percentage was not simply a function of decreased body weight. The immunohistochemical labelling of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and morphometric analysis of intratumoral necrosis suggested that the DNT had a mitogenic effect and contributed to the neoplastic growth. The presence of foci of neoplastic osteoblasts in the lungs of some DNT-treated mice suggested that the enhanced tumour growth led to an increased incidence of metastasis. (C) 1998 W.B. Saunders Company Limited. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Avian & Swine Resp Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Dyer, NW (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, Van Es Hall, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9975 J9 J COMP PATHOL JI J. Comp. Pathol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 119 IS 2 BP 149 EP 158 DI 10.1016/S0021-9975(98)80059-5 PG 10 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 110LX UT WOS:000075381600005 PM 9749359 ER PT J AU Powell, RL Norman, HD AF Powell, RL Norman, HD TI Use of multinational data to improve national evaluations of Holstein bulls SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE genetic evaluation; multinational data; international evaluation AB The usefulness of multinational data for the improvement of national estimates of genetic merit of Holstein bulls was assessed. For 222 bulls, combined US-Canadian evaluations and evaluations from the US only from January 1993 for milk, fat, and protein yields were compared with their US only evaluations from August 1997. The correlations between the 1993 and 1997 evaluations and the standard deviations of differences in evaluations from added data favored the evaluations from the US only because of a part-whole relationship; often 1997 data were largely from US only data from 1993. However, the results for 35 bulls with reliability increases of >5% indicated that combining US and Canadian evaluations improved the prediction of future evaluations. The value of foreign data also was assessed from national and international evaluations on the scales of Canada, Germany, and the US. The changes from 1996 national evaluations to either 1996 international evaluations or 1997 national evaluations were compared to determine whether adding international data at the earlier time could provide a useful prediction of subsequent change in national evaluations. Although the degree of agreement among differences from added national and international data varied, international evaluations did provide useful information beyond the more limited national data available at the same time. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Powell, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 81 IS 8 BP 2257 EP 2263 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 116FA UT WOS:000075712300026 PM 9749392 ER PT J AU Prabhaker, N Toscano, NC Henneberry, TJ AF Prabhaker, N Toscano, NC Henneberry, TJ TI Evaluation of insecticide rotations and mixtures as resistance management strategies for Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE whiteflies; insecticide resistance; bifenthrin; endosulfan; chlorpyrifos; insecticide mixtures ID WHITEFLY HOMOPTERA; TABACI HOMOPTERA; CALIFORNIA; MUSCIDAE; PROGRAMS; TACTICS; DIPTERA AB A field population of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring was subjected to selective pressure with 5 insecticide regimens: continuous applications of bifenthrin, endosulfan, chlorpyrifos; bifenthrin-endosulfan-chlorpyrifos rotation and a 1:2 bifenthrin + endosulfan mixture. Insecticide resistance developed at variable rates in all whitefly populations under selection during this study. Selection with bifenthrin resulted in early resistance development that steadily increased under continuous selection to 752-fold by generation F-27. With chlorpyrifos and endosulfan selection treatments, low levels of resistance developed in generations F-7 and F-15, respectively (resistance ratios of 8-fold). Resistance development in the rotation and mixture regimens was delayed for an additional 10 generations. The magnitude of resistance ranged from a high of 752-fold for the single continuous use of bifenthrin to a low of 16-fold resistance for the bifenthrin-endosulfan-chlorpyrifos rotation. The level of resistance was also low under selection by the bifenthrin + endosulfan mixture after 23 generations (resistance ratio = 17-fold). Compared with single, continuous insecticide selections in the greenhouse, the rate of resistance development was significantly reduced by rotations and mixtures of insecticides. For all insecticide-selection regimens, slopes of regression lines increased over many generations. The whitefly population treated with the bifenthrin + endosulfan mixture generated the steepest lines. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Prabhaker, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 91 IS 4 BP 820 EP 826 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 112WV UT WOS:000075518400005 ER PT J AU Martin, PAW Schmidtmann, ET AF Martin, PAW Schmidtmann, ET TI Isolation of aerobic microbes from Ixodes scapularis (Acari : Ixodidae), the vector of Lyme disease in the eastern United States SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Borrelia burgdorferi; Ixodes scapularis; biocontrol; isolation; microbes ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS AB The spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Benner is transmitted by Ixodes scapularis Say, a vector of Lyme disease. As a Ist step into investigating the possibility of biocontrol of the tick, we identified the microbiota associated with the ticks. We collected, identified, and determined the sex of ticks from foliage and deer. Seventy-three initial bacterial isolates were recovered from 43 ticks (27 adults and 16 nymphs). The bacteria isolated from nymphs were qualitatively different (mainly gram-negative cocci) from the bacteria isolated from adult ticks (gram- negative and gram-positive rods). To determine long-term viability, these isolates were stored for 6 mo under laboratory conditions. After storage, 63 surviving bacterial isolates were characterized using the Biolog System of identification by substrate utilization. Forty-four isolates were identified to the species level. Our characterization efforts focused on the 40 spore-forming bacteria, which could prove useful in the biocontrol of ticks. Eleven species of Bacillus were identified. Bacillus thuringiensis-B. cereus was the predominant species group isolated. Six isolates from this group formed crystals. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Martin, PAW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 91 IS 4 BP 864 EP 868 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 112WV UT WOS:000075518400011 PM 9725033 ER PT J AU Gouge, DH Lee, LL Bartlett, A Henneberry, TJ AF Gouge, DH Lee, LL Bartlett, A Henneberry, TJ TI Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae): Susceptibility of F-1 larvae from irradiated parents to entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida : Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pectinophora gossypiella; Steinernema; Heterorhabditis entomopathogenic nematodes; inherited sterility ID FORAGING STRATEGY; NOCTUIDAE; CONTACT; CUES AB We studied the interactions between F-1 progeny of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) adults irradiated in the pupal stage and entomopathogenic nematodes. Both sexes of pink bollworm pupae were exposed to 4, 8, 12, or 16 krad substerilizing radiation doses irradiated using a Co-60 source. The F-1 larvae were tested in a sand bioassay for susceptibility to Steinernema riobravis Cabanillas, Poinar & Raulston, S. carpocapsae (Weiser), and 2 strains of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar). The numbers of infecting nematodes were counted after 48 h. Increasing parental radiation dose significantly increased F-1 larval susceptibility to S. riobravis and H. bacteriophora, but decreased susceptibility to S. carpocapsae. This difference in susceptibility may be caused by the sedentary nature of larvae from parents receiving higher levels of irradiation, combined with the passive ambush tactics used by S. carpocapsae to acquire an insect host. The need to sustain the F-1 population of pink bollworm for sterility promotion and subsequent population collapse suggests 8. carpocapsae to be an ideal entomopathogenic nematode to be used in conjunction with inherited sterility control methods. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Pacific W Area, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Gouge, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Pacific W Area, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 91 IS 4 BP 869 EP 874 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 112WV UT WOS:000075518400012 ER PT J AU Thorpe, KW Podgwaite, JD Slavicek, JM Webb, RE AF Thorpe, KW Podgwaite, JD Slavicek, JM Webb, RE TI Gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) control with ground-based hydraulic applications of Gypchek, in vitro-produced virus, and Bacillus thuringiensis SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; Gypchek; gypsy moth nucleopolyhedrosis virus; in vitro-produced virus; formulations; arborist ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; SERIAL PASSAGE; CELL-CULTURE; EFFICACY AB Gypchek, a registered microbial insecticide for aerial and ground-based application against the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., was field-tested in 1996 and 1997 at 2 doses (10(11) and 10(12) polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) per 379 liters (100 gallons)) and with and without a sunscreen. An in vitro-produced strain of gypsy moth virus was tested in 1997 at the 10(11)-PIB dose; however, the effective dose was lower because in vitro-produced PIBs contained 5-fold fewer virions than Gypchek PIBs. Treatments were applied to overstory oak, Quercus spp., trees with a truck-mounted hydraulic sprayer. Larval mortality was significantly greater, and larval density was significantly lower, on trees treated with both Gypchek and in vitro-produced virus than on untreated trees. Treatment with in vitro-produced virus resulted in significantly lower mortality and higher larval density than Gypchek treatment. Defoliation was significantly reduced by all treatments in 1996 but not in 1997, when overall gypsy moth population density dropped to very low levels, Mortality was significantly higher among larvae treated at the 10(12)-PIB dose in 1996, but there was no significant dose effect on larval density or defoliation. Mortality, density, and defoliation were not dose dependent in the 1997 test. The addition of sunscreen to Gypchek applied at the 10(12)-PIB dose did not have a significant effect on any of the measured parameters in 1996 or 1997. In 1996, the addition of an enhancer, Blankophor BBH, to the 10(11)-PIB dose increased mortality to a level that was not significantly different from that at the 10(12)-PIB dose. The level of control with the 10(12)-PIB treatment was not significantly different from that achieved with an application of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Berliner (Foray 48B) at 36 billion international units (BIU) per 379 liters. These results suggest that Gypchek can be used effectively as a ground-based or arborist-applied control agent, and that it may be possible to achieve acceptable levels of foliage protection at a 10(11-)PIB dose and without the addition of a sunscreen. It also demonstrates the effectiveness in the field of in vitro-produced gypsy moth virus. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Thorpe, KW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 306, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 91 IS 4 BP 875 EP 880 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 112WV UT WOS:000075518400013 ER PT J AU Dowell, FE Throne, JE Baker, JE AF Dowell, FE Throne, JE Baker, JE TI Automated nondestructive detection of internal insect infestation of wheat kernels by using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rice weevil; lesser grain borer; Angoumois grain moth; detection; near-infrared; wheat ID COLEOPTERA; CURCULIONIDAE AB Wheat kernels infested internally with larvae of 3 primary insect pests of grain, the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.); the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.); and the Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier), were scanned with a near-infrared spectrometer incorporated into a single kernel characterization system to determine differences in absorption due to the presence of larvae. The single kernel characterization system delivers kernels into the spectrometer viewing area at the rate of 1 per 4 s. We were able to differentiate uninfested kernels from kernels infested with larvae of all 3 species by using this automated system. Moisture content, protein content, or wheat class did not affect classification accuracy. The calibration included spectral characteristics in the wavelength ranges of 1,000-1,350 and 1,500-1,680 nm. Larval size was a factor in the sensitivity of the system, with 3rd and 4th instars rice weevil being detected with 95% confidence. In contrast to many other procedures used to detect internal insect infestations in grain, this system could be incorporated into the current grain inspection process and provide the grain industry with quantitative data on internal insect infestations in wheat. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt Prod & Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt Prod & Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 29 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 91 IS 4 BP 899 EP 904 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 112WV UT WOS:000075518400016 ER PT J AU Mangan, RL Shellie, KC Ingle, SJ Firko, MJ AF Mangan, RL Shellie, KC Ingle, SJ Firko, MJ TI High temperature forced-air treatments with fixed time and temperature for 'Dancy' tangerines, 'Valencia' oranges, and 'Rio Star' grapefruit SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha ludens; high temperature treatment; forced-air treatment; fixed time; fixed temperature ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; HOT; TEPHRITIDAE; DISINFESTATION; MANGOES; MOIST AB High temperature forced air treatments for 'Dancy' tangerines, 'Valencia' oranges and 'Rio Star' grapefruit were tested and confirmed as quarantine treatments against Mexican fruit ny, Anastrepha ludens (Loew). Our approach was to initially determine fruit tolerance to potentially insecticidal time-temperature combinations, then perform dose-response tests on larvae within fruit to determine mortality levels corresponding to 99.9968% mortality (= LD9). Lastly, we confirmed treatment efficacy by killing the required number of larvae in fruit. We developed an estimation method for LD9 mortality by examining dose-response data, heating rates, and tolerances of larvae at fixed treatment temperatures for 3 types of citrus fruit. Use of the upper 95% confidence estimate from probit analysis provided an illogical conclusion because the upper 95% confidence estimate of LD9 for faster heating oranges required a longer treatment time than for slower-heating grapefruit. An estimate of LD9 in fruit was made by taking the average of 3 different probit analyses including the 99% confidence estimate of 99% mortality, the 95% confidence estimate of LD9 mortality, and the heating time plus the 95% confidence of LD9 mortality of larvae in water at the given treatment temperature. A reduction in the treatment for oranges (to 230-min), however, resulted in survivors in the confirmatory tests. A treatment time of 210-min at 45 degrees C for tangerines, 250-min at 46 degrees C for oranges and 300-min at 46 degrees C for grapefruit achieved LD9 at the 95% confidence interval in confirmatory trials. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Mangan, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 91 IS 4 BP 933 EP 939 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 112WV UT WOS:000075518400021 ER PT J AU Jackson, DM Klun, JA Khrimian, AP Simmons, AM Sorensen, KA AF Jackson, DM Klun, JA Khrimian, AP Simmons, AM Sorensen, KA TI Monitoring pickleworm (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) moths with pheromone-baited traps SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diaphania nitidalis; trapping; pheromone lure; pest monitoring ID DIAPHANIA-NITIDALIS LEPIDOPTERA; MELONWORM LEPIDOPTERA; SEX-PHEROMONE AB Populations of male moths of pickleworm, Diaphania nitidalis (Stoll), were monitored using 5 types of traps baited with virgin female moths and several formulations of sex pheromone lures. Modified box traps and wire-cone traps were highly effective when baited with either synthetic lures or virgin females. Unitraps baited with virgin females were less effective than box or wire-cone traps, and unitraps were ineffective when baited with synthetic pheromone lures. Nylon-cone traps were less effective than wire-cone or box traps. Pherocon 1C sticky traps did not work with any lure. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetale Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Jackson, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetale Lab, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 91 IS 4 BP 950 EP 956 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 112WV UT WOS:000075518400023 ER PT J AU Hansen, JD Sharp, JL AF Hansen, JD Sharp, JL TI Thermal death studies of third-instar Caribbean fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha suspensa; survival; crowding; heat; quarantine; acclimation ID HOT-WATER; MORTALITY RELATIONSHIPS; 3RD INSTARS; EGGS; KINETICS; PAPAYAS; LARVAE AB Laboratory tests examined mortality of 3rd-instar Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), exposed to 40 degrees C in water baths. Larvae chilled to 4 degrees C before treatment had similar percentage survival (94%) as larvae held at ambient temperature (approximate to 25 degrees C) after exposure to 40 degrees C for 10 min. Significant differences for percentage survival were found between larvae exposed for various durations in sealed metal tubes with rearing diet and larvae exposed in fabric-sleeved cylinders with no diet. Submersion of larvae for 2 h in water at approximate to 25 degrees C before treatment in a 40 degrees C water bath for 67 min did not influence survival. When larvae were exposed to 40 degrees C for 67 min in empty tubes (no diet), larval cohorts at low densities (32 +/- 14 larvae per tube) had higher survival (85.8%) than survival (19.4%) of larvae treated at higher densities (361 +/- 155 larvae per tube). Temperature regimes alone did not explain larval mortality. Other factors such as larval density, substrate, and environmental factors could contribute to mortality. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951, Australia. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 91 IS 4 BP 968 EP 973 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 112WV UT WOS:000075518400026 ER PT J AU Robinson, DG Galili, G Herman, E Hillmer, S AF Robinson, DG Galili, G Herman, E Hillmer, S TI Topical aspects of vacuolar protein transport: autophagy and prevacuolar compartments SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE autophagy; endosome; plasmalemmasome; multivesicular body; vacuole ID STORAGE VACUOLES; PLANT-CELLS; YEAST; DEGRADATION; BIOGENESIS; BODIES; PROTOPLASTS; PEROXISOMES; MECHANISMS; MESOPHYLL AB Far many plant researchers protein transport to the vacuole is primarily a question of the mechanisms underlying the recognition of vacuolar proteins and their segregation in the Golgi apparatus from other products of the secretory pathway. Autophagy is an alternative process by which proteins can enter the vacuole. Examples of apparent selective autophagy are seen in cereal grains depositing storage proteins, and in rubber particle sequestration. Non-selective autophagy is observed during starvation and in senescing tissues. Another overlooked aspect of vacuolar protein transport involves the participation of prevacuolar sorting compartments, some of which may function as endosomes. C1 Univ Gottingen, Albrecht von Haller Inst Pflanzenwissensch, Abt Strukturelle Zellphysiol, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Plant Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. ARS, Climate Stress Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Robinson, DG (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Albrecht von Haller Inst Pflanzenwissensch, Abt Strukturelle Zellphysiol, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. EM drobins@uni.goettingen.de NR 40 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 49 IS 325 BP 1263 EP 1270 DI 10.1093/jexbot/49.325.1263 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 110YJ UT WOS:000075408900001 ER PT J AU Ray, JD Sinclair, TR AF Ray, JD Sinclair, TR TI The effect of pot size on growth and transpiration of maize and soybean during water deficit stress SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE drought; maize; pot size; transpiration ID SOIL-WATER; PLANT-GROWTH; ROOT-GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RESTRICTION; RESPONSES; VOLUME AB Many experiments are conducted in greenhouses or growth chambers in which plants are grown in pots. Considerable research has shown that pots can have a limiting effect on overall plant growth. This research was undertaken to examine the effects of pot size specifically on transpiration response of maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) plants undergoing water-deficit stress. Maize and soybean experiments were conducted similarly, but as separate experiments, Maize plants were grown in 2.3, 4.1, 9.1, and 16.2 l pots sealed to prevent water loss except by transpiration. For each pot size, plants were divided into two watering regimes, a well-watered control and a water-deficit regime, Water deficits were imposed by simply not rewatering the pots. Soybean was examined in a similar manner, but only the three larger pot sizes were used in the experiment. For both maize and soybean, and in both watering regimes, there was a significant reduction of shoot dry weight and total transpiration with decreasing pot size. However, there were no significant differences among pot sizes in the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) point at which transpiration began to decline (FTSW approximate to 0.31 for maize and approximate to 0.35 for soybean) or in the overall relationship of transpiration rate to soil water content in response to water deficits. These results indicated that, regardless of pot size or plant size, the overriding factor determining transpirational response to drought stress was soil water content. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol Lab, POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 17 TC 102 Z9 106 U1 5 U2 30 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 49 IS 325 BP 1381 EP 1386 DI 10.1093/jexbot/49.325.1381 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 110YJ UT WOS:000075408900013 ER PT J AU Fratamico, PM Strobaugh, TP AF Fratamico, PM Strobaugh, TP TI Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, direct immunofluorescent filter technique, and multiplex polymerase chain reaction for detection of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 seeded in beef carcass wash water SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID DIRECT ENUMERATION; RAW-MILK; BACTERIA; IMMUNOASSAY; SALMONELLA; FILTRATION; MEAT AB In commercial beef processing, carcasses are customarily washed with water to remove physical and microbial contamination. Assaying the water that is shed from the carcasses after washing is a convenient method to determine whether the carcass is contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 or other bacterial pathogens. E. coli O157:H7 was inoculated into carcass wash water at various levels and the bacteria were then concentrated by filtration. After collection of bacteria in the filter units, the nylon membranes were cut out and placed in tubes containing growth medium, and the tubes were mixed vigorously to dislodge the bacteria from the membranes. Prior to enrichment, samples were removed for testing by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a direct immunofluorescent filter technique (DIFT). The remaining samples were subjected to 4-h enrichment culturing at 37 degrees C, after which aliquots were removed for testing by multiplex PCR, DIFT,and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Following 4-h enrichment culturing, E. coli O157:H7 was detected in wash water samples initially inoculated with ca. 100, 0.1, and 1 CFU/ml by ELISA, DIFT, and multiplex PCR, respectively. Testing of the wash water using the ELISA and the DIFT can be accomplished in less than 8 h. On the basis of these results, assaying carcass wash water by ELISA, DIFT, or multiplex PCR can be useful for detection of E. coli O157:H7 beef carcass contamination and can potentially be employed to identify carcasses for further processing to inactivate the organism. C1 ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fratamico, PM (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 61 IS 8 BP 934 EP 938 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 108KX UT WOS:000075266500002 PM 9713750 ER PT J AU Oscar, TP AF Oscar, TP TI Growth kinetics of Salmonella isolates in a laboratory medium as affected by isolate and holding temperature SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID HEAT-RESISTANCE; WATER ACTIVITY; TYPHIMURIUM; PH AB Salmonella isolates were surveyed for their growth kinetics in a laboratory medium for the purpose of identifying isolates suitable for modeling experiments. in addition, the effect of holding stationary phase Salmonella cultures at different temperatures on their subsequent growth kinetics was evaluated for the purpose of developing a protocol to prevent the need for midnight sampling in modeling experiments. In Experiment 1, 16 isolates of Salmonella, 2 from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and 14 from broiler operations, were surveyed for their growth kinetics in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth at 40 degrees C. Lag time (P = 0.005) and growth rate (P = 0.022) were affected by identity of the isolate. Lag time ranged from 0.73 to 1.38 h, vr here;is growth rate ranged from 0.78 to 0.94 log(10) CFU/ml/h. Overall, isolate S1 (Salmonella infantis from ATCC) was the fastest growing. In Experiment 2, 4 isolates of Salmonella, 1 from ATCC and 3 from broiler operations, were used to determine whether holding temperature influences subsequent growth kinetics. Salmonella isolates were grown to stationary phase at 37 degrees C in BHI and then held for 24 h at 5, 22, or 37 degrees C before dilution and reinitiation of growth in BHI at 37 degrees C. Holding temperature did not alter or interact with identity of the isolate to alter subsequent growth kinetics. From the latter finding, a protocol was devised in which a dual-flask system is used to prevent the need for midnight sampling in modeling experiments. Similar to the results obtained in Experiment 1, identity of the isolate had only minor effects on growth kinetics in Experiment 2 indicating that all isolates examined were suitable for modeling experiments. C1 Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Oscar, TP (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 1124 Trigg Hall, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 61 IS 8 BP 964 EP 968 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 108KX UT WOS:000075266500007 PM 9713755 ER PT J AU Thayer, DW Boyd, G Kim, A Fox, JB Farrell, HM AF Thayer, DW Boyd, G Kim, A Fox, JB Farrell, HM TI Fate of gamma-irradiated Listeria monocytogenes during refrigerated storage on raw or cooked turkey breast meat SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; RADIATION SENSITIVITY; POULTRY MEAT; SCOTT-A; CHICKEN; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; SURVIVAL; BEEF; BACTERIA AB The radiation resistance and ability of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, 15313, 43256, and 49594 to multiply on irradiated, air-packed, refrigerated raw or cooked turkey breast meat nuggets (ca. 25 g) and ground turkey breast meat was investigated. Gamma-radiation D values for L. monocytogenes were significantly different on raw and cooked nuggets, 0.56 +/- 0.03 kGy and 0.69 +/- 0.03 kGy, respectively; but they were not significantly different (P less than or equal to 0.05) on raw and cooked ground turkey meat. High populations (similar to 10(9) CFU/g) of L. monocytogenes declined during 14 days of storage at 4 degrees C in both irradiated and nonirradiated samples of raw but not of cooked ground turkey breast meat. A moderate inoculum (similar to 10(3) CFU/g) did not survive a radiation dose of 3 kGy. The population increased in cooked but not in raw samples of irradiated ground turkey meat stored at either 2 or 7 degrees C for 21 days. The D value changed significantly from 0.70 +/- 0.04 to 0.60 +/- 0.02 kGy when the product was cooked to an internal temperature of 80 degrees C before irradiation. Growth on either raw or cooked turkey meat did not alter the radiation resistance of L. monocytogenes. Analyses were performed for pH, a(w), moisture, and reducing potential of raw and cooked turkey meat and for pH, amino acid profile, thiamine, and riboflavin contents of aqueous extracts of raw and cooked turkey meats without identifying the factor or factors involved in differences in the survival and multiplication of L. monocytogenes on raw and cooked meat. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Int Flavors & Fragrances, Union Beach, NJ 07735 USA. RP Thayer, DW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM dthayer@arserrc.gov NR 42 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 61 IS 8 BP 979 EP 987 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 108KX UT WOS:000075266500010 PM 9713758 ER PT J AU Meredith, FI Riley, RT Bacon, CW Williams, DE Carlson, DB AF Meredith, FI Riley, RT Bacon, CW Williams, DE Carlson, DB TI Extraction, quantification, and biological availability of fumonisin B-1 incorporated into the Oregon test diet and fed to rainbow trout SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; CULTURE MATERIAL; SPHINGOLIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; SPHINGOSINE RATIO; CORN; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SPHINGANINE; MYCOTOXINS; BIOMARKER AB The purpose of this study was (i) to determine whether pure fumonisin B-1 could be incorporated into, recovered, and detected by high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis from the semipurified Oregon rest diet (OTD) used in rainbow trout feeding studies, and (ii) to determine if the incorporated fumonisin B-1 was biologically available using the change in free sphingoid bases in liver, kidney, and serum as a mechanism-based biomarker. The results indicate that fumonisin is not easily quantified in the OTD. Recoveries ranged hom 12 to 81% of the calculated concentrations based on the fumonisin B-1 added to the OTD. However, the fumonisin B-1 in the OTD was readily absorbed and biologically active as evidenced by marked increases in free sphinganine in liver, kidney, and serum. The magnitude of the increase in free sphinganine at 100 ppm in the OTD was comparable to that known to be associated with liver toxicity in rats, pigs, and ponies. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Oregon State Univ, Toxicol Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Meredith, FI (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 61 IS 8 BP 1034 EP 1038 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 108KX UT WOS:000075266500019 PM 9713767 ER PT J AU Oliver, WW Powers, RF AF Oliver, WW Powers, RF TI Blacks Mountain, California: Interdisciplinary field research in ponderosa pine SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article AB At an experimental forest in northeastern California, a team of scientists is studying the effects of forest structure, prescribed fire, and cattle grazing on plant and animal communities. Although silviculturists, because of the integrative nature of their field, took the lead in organizing this project, specialists in nearly a dozen disciplines participated in its design. The treatments chosen will provide extreme contrast and thus clear indicators. Implementation is under way, but interim success is defined by the cross-disciplinary work of team members. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Redding, CA 96001 USA. RP Oliver, WW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 2400 Washington Ave, Redding, CA 96001 USA. NR 6 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 96 IS 8 BP 4 EP 9 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 106XR UT WOS:000075177000003 ER PT J AU Gager, D Hendee, JC Kinziger, M Krumpe, E AF Gager, D Hendee, JC Kinziger, M Krumpe, E TI What managers are saying - and doing - about wildernness experience programs SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article AB A survey of wilderness managers in federal agencies revealed concerns about the impacts of wilderness experience programs, whose participants seek personal growth, therapy, or education through wilderness activity. Some managers call for more restrictive policies, but many believe more cooperation between program leaders and agency managers can resolve the problems. Better understanding of this growing use of wilderness will help agencies work with programs to reduce ecological impact on the land and conflicts among users. C1 US Forest Serv, Trapper Creek Job Corps Ctr, USDA, Darby, MT 59829 USA. Univ Idaho, Wilderness Res Ctr, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Gager, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Trapper Creek Job Corps Ctr, USDA, 5139 W Fork Rd, Darby, MT 59829 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 96 IS 8 BP 33 EP 37 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 106XR UT WOS:000075177000009 ER PT J AU Meng, BZ Pang, SZ Forsline, PL McFerson, JR Gonsalves, D AF Meng, BZ Pang, SZ Forsline, PL McFerson, JR Gonsalves, D TI Nucleotide sequence and genome structure of grapevine rupestris stem pitting associated virus-1 reveal similarities to apple stem pitting virus SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; CLOSTEROVIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; OPEN READING FRAMES; PLANT-VIRUSES; DISEASE; PROTEIN; ORGANIZATION; BINDING; CONSERVATION; PHYLOGENY AB Rupestris stem pitting (RSP), a component of the rugose wood complex, is one of the most widespread graft-transmissible diseases of grapevines. Here we report on the consistent association of a high molecular mass dsRNA (ca. 8.7 kbp) with RSP. The dsRNA was reverse-transcribed and cDNAs generated were cloned into Lambda ZAP II. Sequence analysis of the cDNA clones showed that the dsRNA was of viral origin and the putative virus was designated rupestris stem pitting associated virus-1 (RSPaV-1), The genome of RSPaV-1 consists of 8726 nt excluding a poly(A) tail at the 3' terminus. It has five potential open reading frames which have the capacity to code for the replicase (ORF1), the triple gene block (ORF2-4) and the coat protein (ORF5). Comparison of the genome structure and nucleotide and amino acid sequences indicated similarities of RSPaV-1 to apple stem pitting virus, and to a lesser extent, to potato virus M carlavirus, The possibility that different strains of RSPaV-1 or other viruses are associated with RSP is discussed. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Meng, BZ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. EM bm10@cornell.edu NR 38 TC 55 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 79 BP 2059 EP 2069 PN 8 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 107CU UT WOS:000075189800028 PM 9714258 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Rodriguez, CM Prada, IR Prieto, J Montuenga, LM Elssasser, T Quiroga, J Moreiras, M Andrade, A Cuttitta, F AF Fernandez-Rodriguez, CM Prada, IR Prieto, J Montuenga, LM Elssasser, T Quiroga, J Moreiras, M Andrade, A Cuttitta, F TI Circulating adrenomedullin in cirrhosis: relationship to hyperdynamic circulation SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adrenomedullin; cirrhosis; peripheral vasodilation ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; PORTAL-HYPERTENSIVE RATS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; SODIUM RETENTION; ARTERIAL VASODILATION; HEPATORENAL-SYNDROME; HYPOTENSIVE PEPTIDE; REFRACTORY ASCITES; LIVER-CIRRHOSIS AB Background/Aims: Peripheral arterial vasodilation may be the key factor in the sodium and mater retention of cirrhosis. The mechanism responsible for this vasodilation remains to be fully elucidated. Adrenomedullin is a novel peptide, highly expressed in cardiovascular tissues, with potent and long-lasting vasodilating activity, Methods: The possible implication of adrenomedullin in the hemodynamic changes of cirrhosis has been investigated. We measured the plasma concentration of adrenomedullin in 20 cirrhotic patients and 11 healthy subjects. In addition, systemic, portal and renal hemodynamics, hormonal factors and renal function parameters were evaluated in the same patients. Results: Circulating adrenomedullin was significantly higher in the group of patients with cirrhosis (72.1; 46-100 vs 21.6; 11-34 fmol/dl, respectively; p<0.02) and was directly correlated with the Pugh score (r: 0.6; p: 0.01), inversely correlated with the creatinine clearance (r: -0.6; p<0.01) and tended to inversely correlate with systemic vascular resistance index (r: -0.46; p: 0.07). There were no portal-peripheral differences in adrenomedullin levels. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt insertion did not induce changes in the peripheral concentration of adrenomedullin, but baseline values of this hormone predicted the degree of hyperdynamic circulation after TIPS. Conclusions: Circulating adrenomedullin is increased in cirrhosis. These levels increase with the severity of the disease, especially in patients with hepatorenal syndrome. This peptide may contribute to vasodilation of cirrhosis. C1 Univ Navarra, Univ Navarra Clin, Dept Med, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain. Hosp Xeral, Serv Gastroenterol, Vigo, Spain. Hosp Xeral Vigo, Serv Nephrol, Vigo, Spain. Hosp Xeral Vigo, Lab Hormones, Vigo, Spain. NCI, DCS, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Navarra, Dept Histol & Pathol, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain. ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Prieto, J (reprint author), Univ Navarra Clin, Dept Internal Med, Pio 12 S-N, Pamplona 31080, Spain. OI Prieto, Jesus/0000-0002-1091-9593 NR 49 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 29 IS 2 BP 250 EP 256 DI 10.1016/S0168-8278(98)80010-X PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 105QA UT WOS:000075084000010 PM 9722206 ER PT J AU Liu, MN Berry, BW AF Liu, MN Berry, BW TI Patty formation method, thickness and weight effects on properties of cooked low-fat beef patties SO JOURNAL OF MUSCLE FOODS LA English DT Article ID GROUND-BEEF; COOKING; TEMPERATURE; LEVEL; SHEAR; COLOR AB Effects of patty thickness (0.95 and 1.27 cm), weight (90 and 113 g) and type of patty fill method (traditional gravity fill = FF and twisted through holes into mold = TF) were evaluated using low-fat (10%) ground beef. An increase in patty thickness from 0.95 cm to 1.27 cm, resulted in a decreased (P<0.01) sensory firmness and peak load (Newtons) and increased (P<0.01) initial juiciness. TF fill method and 1.27 cm thick FF treatments improved tenderness and juiciness over 0.95 cm thick FF patties. This study revealed that improvements in tenderness and juiciness of low-fat beef patties can be attained through use of appropriate patty formation procedures. C1 ARS, Meat Sci Res Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Berry, BW (reprint author), ARS, Meat Sci Res Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Bldg 201,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 1046-0756 J9 J MUSCLE FOODS JI J. Muscle Foods PD AUG PY 1998 VL 9 IS 3 BP 243 EP 256 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4573.1998.tb00658.x PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 119RK UT WOS:000075910800003 ER PT J AU Solomon, MB Carpenter, CE Snowder, GD Cockett, NE AF Solomon, MB Carpenter, CE Snowder, GD Cockett, NE TI Tenderizing callipyge lamb with the Hydrodyne process and electrical stimulation SO JOURNAL OF MUSCLE FOODS LA English DT Article ID TENDERNESS; MUSCLE AB The effectiveness of the Hydrodyne process and low voltage carcass electrical stimulation (ES), either alone or in combination, for tenderizing muscle fr om callipyge and normal lambs was evaluated. One hundred grams of explosive was used for the Hydrodyne treatment Reductions in shear force with magnitudes of 33 to 67% were observed for the Hydrodyne treatment for the longissimus (LM) muscle from callipyge and normal lambs, respectively. Carcass ES had no effect (P>0.05) on either callipyge or normal lamb shear values. However, ES improved the response (48%) of the Hydrodyne treatment in the LM of callipyge lamb. Shear force for semitendinosus muscles averaged 3.53 kg and showed no response to either tenderizing treatment. Results suggest successful tenderization of lamb LM with the Hydrodyne technology. C1 ARS, Meat Sci Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, USDA, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Solomon, MB (reprint author), ARS, Meat Sci Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 1046-0756 J9 J MUSCLE FOODS JI J. Muscle Foods PD AUG PY 1998 VL 9 IS 3 BP 305 EP 311 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4573.1998.tb00663.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 119RK UT WOS:000075910800008 ER PT J AU Heraty, JM Schauff, ME AF Heraty, JM Schauff, ME TI Mandibular teeth in Chalcidoidea: function and phylogeny SO JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article DE Chalcidoidea; Aphelinidae; Encyrtidae; morphology; phylogeny; homoplasy; behaviour ID APHELINIDAE HYMENOPTERA; GENERA AB Aphelinidae and Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) were surveyed for presence of a specialized ventroapical mandibular tooth that is formed through modification of a seta into a stout socketed spine. An almost identical tooth is found in a homologous position in Coccophaginae (Aphelinidae), Eriaphytinae (Aphelinidae), Calesinae (Aphelinidae or incertae sedis), and Habrolepidini (Encyrtidae), but nowhere else within Chalcidoidea. Although the tooth represents a synapomorphy for genera within each of these higher taxa, it appears to be independently derived on the basis of other morphological and biochemical evidence. Observations of Comperiella bifasciata and Encarsia sp. nr. perniciosi emerging from California Red Scale show that the tooth is used for shearing off pieces of the mummified host remains and the scale cover during formation of the exit hole. The tooth occurs in both sexes, and in taxa with a broad host range such as Encarsia, which attack both armoured scales and whiteflies. Problems associated with character homology, function and phylogeny are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Heraty, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 61 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0022-2933 J9 J NAT HIST JI J. Nat. Hist. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1227 EP 1244 DI 10.1080/00222939800770611 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 103YR UT WOS:000074985900007 ER PT J AU Rhoads, ML Fetterer, RH Urban, JF AF Rhoads, ML Fetterer, RH Urban, JF TI Effect of protease class-specific inhibitors on in vitro development of the third- to fourth-stage larvae of Ascaris suum SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOBACCO HORNWORM; MOLTING FLUID; MANDUCA-SEXTA; DIROFILARIA-IMMITIS; 4TH-STAGE LARVAE; CATHEPSIN-B; 3RD-STAGE; AMINOPEPTIDASE; INACTIVATION; PROTEINASES AB Third-stage larvae (L3) of Ascaris suum develop and molt to fourth-stage larvae (L4) during in vitro cultivation; consistently greater than 80% of the larvae develop to L4 during 7 days in culture (DIC). To assess the role of proteases in this process, the effect of protease class-specific inhibitors was studied. The presence of either a serine protease inhibitor (AEBSF, 100 mu M) or an aspartic protease inhibitor (pepstatin A, 100 mu M) had no effect on the percentage of L4 after 7 DIG. However, the presence of either a cysteine protease inhibitor (Z-Phe-Ala-FMK, 100 mu M) or an aminopeptidase inhibitor (amastatin, 100 mu M) resulted in 77% and 34% reductions, respectively, in the percentage of L4 compared to untreated cultures; viability of the larvae was not affected. The effect of Z-Phe-Ala-FMK on molting was time and dose dependent. In contrast to Z-Phe-Ala-FMK, E-64, another specific inhibitor of cysteine proteases, had no effect on molting. The data support a role for an amino-peptidase and suggest a role for a cysteine protease in the development of the L3 to L4 stage of A. suum. C1 USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rhoads, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 21 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 84 IS 4 BP 686 EP 690 DI 10.2307/3284570 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 109PG UT WOS:000075331200004 PM 9714194 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Lunney, JK Shen, SK Kwok, OCH AF Dubey, JP Lunney, JK Shen, SK Kwok, OCH TI Immunity to toxoplasmosis in pigs fed irradiated Toxoplasma gondii oocysts SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONPERSISTENT STRAIN; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; MICE AB Immunity to toxoplasmosis was investigated in outbred pigs after feeding Toxoplasma gondii oocysts inactivated by irradiation. In 2 experiments 23, 2-3-mo-old pigs were fed (12 pigs only once and 11 pigs twice) similar to 10(5) oocysts irradiated at 0.3 or 0.4 kGy of Cs-137 and 11 pigs served as unvaccinated controls. Eleven to 13 wk later, 15 vaccinated pigs and 5 nonvaccinated pigs were challenged orally with a high dose (10(5) or 10(6)) of oocysts, and 7 vaccinated and 6 nonvaccinated pigs were challenged orally with a low dose (10(2) or 10(3)) of oocysts; 1 vaccinated pig was not challenged. All nonvaccinated pigs challenged with a high dose became ill starting 4-5 days postchallenge (p.c.). One pig died day 9 p.c., 1 died day 16 p.c., and 1 was killed day 10 p.c. because of weakness. All vaccinated pigs, nonvaccinated pigs challenged with a low dose, and the 1 vaccinated unchallenged pig remained clinically normal. Bioassay of pig tissues (tongue, diaphragm, brain) in mice indicated fewer tissue cysts in tissues of vaccinated pigs compared with unvaccinated pigs following challenge with live oocysts. However, vaccination with 1 or 2 doses of irradiated oocysts did not prevent formation of tissue cysts even in pigs challenged with 10(2) oocysts. C1 USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, BARC-E,Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 84 IS 4 BP 749 EP 752 DI 10.2307/3284582 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 109PG UT WOS:000075331200015 PM 9714205 ER PT J AU Zarlenga, DS Hoberg, EP Stringfellow, F Lichtenfels, JR AF Zarlenga, DS Hoberg, EP Stringfellow, F Lichtenfels, JR TI Comparisons of two polymorphic species of Ostertagia and phylogenetic relationships within the ostertagiinae (Nematoda : Trichostrongyloidea) inferred from ribosomal DNA repeat and mitochondrial DNA sequences SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MTDNA VARIATION; NORTH-AMERICA; RUMINANTS; IDENTIFICATION; KEY; POPULATIONS; CHARACTERS; HAEMONCHUS; SYNLOPHE; CLONING AB The first internal transcribed spacer DNA (ITS-1) (rDNA) and the mitochondrial (mt) DNA-derived cytochrorne oxidase I gene (COX-1) were enzymatically amplified, cloned and sequenced from 6 nominal species of Ostertagiinae as well as Haemonchus contortus and Haemonchus placei. The portion of the COX-1 gene analyzed was 393 base pairs (bp) in length and contained 33 within species polymorphic base changes at 28 synonymous sites. The ITS-1 rDNA consensus sequences ranged from 392 bp (Ostertagia ostertngi/Ostertagia lyrata, Teladorsagia circumcincta) to 404 bp (H. contortus, H. placei). These data were used both in a distance analysis to assess the concept of polymorphic species within the genus Ostertagia and in parsimony analysis to assess phylogenetic relationships within a limited group of Ostertagiinae. Pairwise similarity scores of both ITS-1 and COX-1 data showed the highest number of conserved sites between the proposed dimorphic species of Ostertagia. The level of similarity was lower in the COX-I data due to the high number of synonymous base changes. Analysis by maximum parsimony of the same data did not refute O. ostertagi/O. lyrata and Ostertagia mossi/Ostertagia dikmansi as dimorphic species and supported monophyly of these ostertagiines relative to representatives of the haemonchine outgroup. In the single most parsimonious tree from ITS-1 rDNA data, a subclade of Ostertagia spp. included forms possessing parallel synlophes and long esophageal valves that typically occur in cervid hosts. C1 USDA ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zarlenga, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 33 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 84 IS 4 BP 806 EP 812 DI 10.2307/3284592 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 109PG UT WOS:000075331200025 PM 9714215 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP AF Dubey, JP TI Toxoplasma gondii oocyst survival under defined temperatures SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTIVITY; VIABILITY; MICE; CATS AB The survival of sporulated Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in water at -10 C to 70 C for various periods was investigated. Infectivity of T. gondii was tested by bioassay in mice. There was no marked loss of infectivity of oocysts stored at 10 C, 15 C, 20 C, and 25 C for 200 days, whereas there was a 100-fold loss of infectivity of oocysts stored at 30 C for 107 days. Oocysts stored at 35 C were infective for 32 days but not 62 days, at 40 C oocysts were infective for 9 days but not 28 days, at 45 C, oocysts were infective for 1 day but not 2 days, at 50 C oocysts were infective for 1 hr but not 2 he At 55 C and 60 C oocysts were rendered noninfective in 2 and 1 min, respectively. Oocysts remained infective up to 54 mo at 4 C and there was no loss of infectivity in oocysts stored for 106 days at -5 C and at -10 C and for 13 mo at 0 C. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 106 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 84 IS 4 BP 862 EP 865 DI 10.2307/3284606 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 109PG UT WOS:000075331200037 PM 9714227 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Bwangamoi, O Courtney, SP Fritz, DL AF Dubey, JP Bwangamoi, O Courtney, SP Fritz, DL TI Leishmania-like protozoan associated with dermatitis in cattle SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A Leishmania sp.-like organism was found in the skin of a naturally infected g-mo-old Red Dane female calf (Bos taurus) from Zimbabwe. There were multiple alopecic nodules, particularly on the face and udder. The nodules were up to 5 cm in diameter and larger ones were ulcerated and hemorrhagic. Numerous Leishmania-like amastigotes were seen in the skin lesions. Ultrastructurally, the organisms were oval to elongated (2-2.5 mu m long), had a nucleus, a kinetoplast, and a flagellum. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Leishmania-like organisms found in an animal from Zimbabwe. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasitol Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Zimbabwe, Dept Paraclin Vet Studies, Harare, Zimbabwe. USA, Div Pathol, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21700 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasitol Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 84 IS 4 BP 865 EP 867 DI 10.2307/3284607 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 109PG UT WOS:000075331200038 PM 9714228 ER PT J AU McCabe, RT Sofia, RD Layer, RT Leiner, KA Faull, RLM Narang, N Wamsley, JK AF McCabe, RT Sofia, RD Layer, RT Leiner, KA Faull, RLM Narang, N Wamsley, JK TI Felbamate increases [H-3]glycine binding in rat brain and sections of human postmortem brain SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; INSENSITIVE GLYCINE RECEPTORS; PARTIAL-ONSET SEIZURES; NMDA RECEPTOR; ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY; CONTROLLED TRIAL; CHANNEL COMPLEX; CLINICAL-TRIAL; H-3 GLYCINE; ACID AB The anticonvulsant compound felbamate (2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol dicarbamate; FBM) appears to inhibit the function of the N-methyI-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex through an interaction with the strychnine-insensitive glycine recognition site. Since we have demonstrated previously that FBM inhibits the binding of [H-3]5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid (DCKA), a competitive antagonist at the glycine site, we assessed the ability of FBM to modulate the binding of an agonist, [H-3]glycine, to rat forebrain membranes and human brain sections. In contrast to its ability to inhibit [H-3]5,7-DCKA binding, FBM increased [H-3]glycine binding (20 nM; EC50 = 485 mu M; E-max = 211% of control; n(H) = 1.8). FBM, but not carbamazepine, phenytoin, valproic acid or phenobarbital, also increased [3H]glycine binding (50 nM; EC50 = 142 mu M; E-max = 157% of control; n(H) = 1.6) in human cortex sections. Autoradiographic analysis of human brain slices demonstrated that FBM produced the largest increases in [H-3]glycine binding in the cortex, hippocampus and the parahippocampal gyrus. Because various ions can influence the binding of glycine-site ligands, we assessed their effects on FBM-modulation of [H-3]glycine binding. FBM-enhanced [H-3]glycine binding was attenuated by Zn++ and not inhibited by Mg++ in human brain. These results suggest that FBM increases [H-3]glycine binding in a manner sensitive to ions which modulate the NMDA receptor. These data support the hypothesis that FBM produces anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects by inhibiting NMDA receptor function, likely through an allosteric modulation of the glycine site. C1 Cognetix Inc, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. Wallace Labs, Cranbury, NJ USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Auckland, Dept Anat, Auckland 1, New Zealand. USDA, Dept Microbiol, Washington, DC 20250 USA. New York Med Coll, Dept Psychiat, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. New York Med Coll, Dept Pharmacol, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. RP McCabe, RT (reprint author), Cognetix Inc, 421 Wakara Way,Suite 201, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-3565 J9 J PHARMACOL EXP THER JI J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 286 IS 2 BP 991 EP 999 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 110BP UT WOS:000075359600054 PM 9694960 ER PT J AU Sabater, S Gregory, SV Sedell, JR AF Sabater, S Gregory, SV Sedell, JR TI Community dynamics and metabolism of benthic algae colonizing wood and rock substrata in a forest stream SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE colonization; epilithic algae; epixylic algae; nitrogen; photosynthesis; respiration; rock; wood ID BIOFILM; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; COLONIZATION AB Colonization dynamics and metabolism of algal communities on wood (small pieces of Douglas fir) and artificial rock (tiles) substrata were investigated in an open reach in Mack Creek, Cascade Mountain Range, Oregon for 42 days. Chlorophyll a concentration was not significantly different between the two algal communities (ANOVA, P = 0.119). Even though differences in cell densities were not significantly different between the two algal communities (ANOVA, P = 0.063), biovolume and diversity were greater in epixylic than in epilithic communities (ANOVA, P = 0.011 and 0.002, respectively). The same alg al taxa occurred on both substrata, but some of them (e.g. Ceratoneis arcus Grun., Cymbella minuta Hilse ex Rabh., Zygnema sp.) were more numerous on wood, whereas a few others preferred tiles (e.g Achnanthes lanceolata (Breb.) Grun.). Scanning electron microscopy revealed a much higher surface roughness on wood, which likely bd to a patchy distribution of the algae and the development of stalked diatom species. However, adnate species adapted much better to the mainly flat surfaces of tiles. Net community primary productivity (NCPP) measured in 42-day-old substrata was moderate on tiles but negative on wood. Community respiration (CR) was significantly higher on wood than on tiles. Epixylic algal communities exhibited greater nitrogen demand than epilithic communities after ammonium addition. NCPP shifted to positive values on wood but did not increase on tiles. Despite metabolic differences, the variations between the two communities are more closely related to the physical characteristics of the substrata and the attachment abilities of the algal taxa. C1 Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Dept Ecol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Sabater, S (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Dept Ecol, Avgda Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. OI Sabater, Sergi/0000-0003-3730-0261 NR 30 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 16 PU PHYCOLOGICAL SOC AMER INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 34 IS 4 BP 561 EP 567 DI 10.1046/j.1529-8817.1998.340561.x PG 7 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 116FB UT WOS:000075712400001 ER PT J AU Ernst, MK Chatterton, NJ Harrison, PA Matitschka, G AF Ernst, MK Chatterton, NJ Harrison, PA Matitschka, G TI Characterization of fructan oligomers from species of the genus Allium L. SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Allium; onion; shallot; leek; chives; garlic; Welsh onion; Chinese chives; fructan; neokestose; inulin ID ANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; RESTRICTION ENZYME ANALYSIS; CEPA L; CHLOROPLAST; PURIFICATION; ALLIACEAE; GROWTH; PLANTS; DNA AB Storage tissue of leaf bases from several species of the genus Allium [A. cepa L. var. cepa (onion, 6 cvs.), A. cepa L. var, ascalonicum (shallot, 7 cvs.), A. ampeloprasum L. var, porrum (leek, 3 cvs.), A. schoenoprasum L. (chives), A. sativum L. (garlic), A. fistulosum L. (Japanese bunching onion/Welsh onion), A. tuberosum Rottl. ex, spr. (Chinese chives/Nira), and other species] were analyzed to determine their water soluble carbohydrate composition. The Allium species analyzed can be divided into three groups according to their fructan profiles: 1. Those with relatively high amounts of larger fructan polymers, 2. Those with relatively high amounts of small fructan polymers up to a degree of polymerization of about Ij, and 3. Those with both large and small fructan polymers. Four major fructan series with exclusively (2 --> 1) fructosyl-fructose linkages have been characterized that are typical of those Allium species containing small fructan polymers. They are: 1. an inulin series with the general formula: G-1,2-F-1, (2-F-1)(n),2-F (G-1,2-F = sucrose), 2. a neokestose-based series with chain elongation only at the glucose end of the original sucrose molecule: F-2, (1-F-2)(m), 1-F-2, 6-G-1, 2-F 3. a neokestose-based series with elongation from both sides of the sucrose: F-2, (1-F-2)(m),1-F-2,6-G-1,2-F-1, (2-F-1)(n),2-F and 4. an inulo-n-ose series without a terminal glucose F-1,(2-F-1)(n),2-F. While the first three fructan series were present in relatively high concentrations in all samples with high amounts of small fructans, the inulo-n-ose series was detectable in most samples, but in varying concentrations. C1 Univ Hohenheim 370, Dept Vegetable Sci, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Ernst, MK (reprint author), Univ Hohenheim 370, Dept Vegetable Sci, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. NR 23 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 12 PU GUSTAV FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA VILLENGANG 2, D-07745 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 153 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 60 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 115MW UT WOS:000075669800007 ER PT J AU Wise, T AF Wise, T TI In vitro and in vivo effects of thymulin on rat testicular steroid synthesis SO JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATING THYMIC HORMONE; LEYDIG-CELLS; PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; GROWTH-HORMONE; OVARIAN-CELLS; TESTIS; STEROIDOGENESIS; TESTOSTERONE; MACROPHAGES AB Although the stimulatory effects of immunological hormone thymulin on ovarian function are documented, responses of the testis to thymulin are unknown. Effects of thymulin and thymulin augmentation of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation of testicular steroidogenesis were analyzed via incubation of testis from 3-, 6-, and 9-week-old rats with 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ng/ml of thymulin or thymulin plus hCG (1 IU/ml). At three weeks of age, thymulin decreased testosterone and estrone synthesis. By 6 and 9 weeks of age, lower doses of thymulin (0.1 and 1 ng/ml) stimulated testosterone and estrone synthesis. Increased doses of thymulin (100 ng/ml) resulted in decreased testicular steroid synthesis. No thymulin augmentation of hCG stimulation of testicular steroidogenesis was noted in vitro. Responses in vitro may have been confounded with the endocrine status at the time of incubation. Thymulin levels are increased at 3 weeks of age and decline at 6 and 9 weeks of age whereas gonadotropin levels are just the opposite pattern; these in vivo endocrine changes may have influenced the in vitro responses. Analysis of in vivo response to thymulin was pursued in pituitary intact, hypophysectomized and hCG primed (12 h before thymulin injection) hypophysectomized rats (5 weeks of age) with 1 and 10 mu g of thymulin injected intravenously. Thymulin had no effect on testicular steroidogenesis in hypophysectomized rats 30, 60, and 120 min post injection). In pituitary intact rats, thymulin reduced testosterone and estrone concentrations. In hCG primed hypophysectomized rats, thymulin injection was followed by significant increases in testosterone levels and declines in estrone concentrations. These studies indicated that any increases in testicular steroidogenesis from thymulin required gonadotropin stimulation and increased concentrations of thymulin had inhibitory effects on testicular steroidogenesis. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Wise, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 54 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-0760 J9 J STEROID BIOCHEM JI J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 66 IS 3 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1016/S0960-0760(98)00045-4 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 108NE UT WOS:000075271700006 PM 9719447 ER PT J AU Fields, M AF Fields, M TI Nutritional factors adversely influencing the glucose/insulin system SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE refined sugars; fructose; fat; alcohol; copper; iron; insulin; glucose ID HIGH-FAT DIET; INSULIN RESISTANCE; COPPER DEFICIENCY; GLUCOSE-INTOLERANCE; IRON OVERLOAD; RATS; FRUCTOSE; CARBOHYDRATE; LIVER; METABOLISM AB For the majority of people, particularly if they do not smoke, the food they eat is the largest controllable factor determining their long-term health. The disproportionate consumption of foods high in fat, especially high in saturated fat, and high in simple sugars at the expense of foods high in complex carbohydrate and unsaturated fat has the potential of inducing abnormal metabolic processes in a normal healthy individual and to promote chronic degenerative diseases. Some of the effects of individual macronutrients such as fat, refined sugars and alcohol in promoting abnormalities in glucose/insulin system are presented. These nutrients were chosen because they also have the ability to alter oxidative stale of the individual, which in turn could affect the glucose/insulin system. This review focuses on the role of dietary nutrient interactions in influencing the glucose/insulin system through the generation of reactive oxygen species. The importance of dietary macronutrient interaction with micronutrients such as copper and iron and the potential it has in affecting the glucose/insulin system is addressed. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fields, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Bldg 307,Room 330, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 72 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 17 IS 4 BP 317 EP 321 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 107WA UT WOS:000075232900004 PM 9710838 ER PT J AU Klevay, LM AF Klevay, LM TI Lack of a recommended dietary allowance for copper may be hazardous to your health SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE copper; nutrient requirements; recommended dietary allowance; ischemic heart disease; osteoporosis ID TRACE-ELEMENTS; HEART-DISEASE; SERUM COPPER; BONE LOSS; ZINC; CHOLESTEROL; WOMEN; OSTEOPOROSIS; DEPLETION; DENSITY AB The 10th edition of Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) did not include an RDA for copper; rather a safe and adequate daily intake was suggested. Criteria, history and uses of RDAs were summarized along with data on dietary intakes, balance and depletion experiments, low (fats and oils, skim milk and yogurt) and high (legumes, mushrooms, nuts and seeds) copper foods and hazards of zinc supplements. Bone disease and cardiovascular disease from diets low in copper have been studied in animals for decades. Men and women fed diets close to 1 mg of copper per day, amounts quite frequent in the US, responded similarly to deficient animals with reversible, potentially harmful changes in blood pressure control, cholesterol and glucose metabolism, and electrocardiograms. Women supplemented with trace elements including copper experienced beneficial effects on bone density. These data exceed similar data on magnesium, selenium and zinc and are sufficient for establishing an RDA. Ischemic heart disease and osteoporosis are likely consequences of diets low in copper. Numerous anatomical, chemical and physiological similarities between animals deficient in copper and people with ischemic heart disease have been noticed. Association between osteoporosis and low copper status deserves further inquiry. Augmenting low copper diets with high copper foods may be beneficial. Committees that establish RDAs should return to the traditions of the first nine editions and make recommendations that promote health and nutritional welfare, meet functional needs, prevent disease and promote public welfare. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Klevay, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034,Univ Stn, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 59 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 9 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 17 IS 4 BP 322 EP 326 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 107WA UT WOS:000075232900005 PM 9710839 ER PT J AU Sessa, DJ Nelsen, TC Snyder, JM AF Sessa, DJ Nelsen, TC Snyder, JM TI Effect of salts on soy storage proteins defatted with supercritical CO2 and alcohols SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE defatting; differential scanning calorimetry; ethanol extraction of oil; heat denaturation; isopropanol extraction of oil; nitrogen solubility index; salt stabilization; soybeans; supercritical CO2 extraction of oil ID THERMAL-STABILITY; CRACKED SOYBEANS; OIL BODIES; INACTIVATION; INHIBITORS AB The primary objective was to determine whether salts will stabilize soy storage proteins against the denaturing effects of alcohols or the heat and pressure used in supercritical CO2 during the defatting process. Nitrogen solubility index (NSI) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to monitor the denaturation of proteins. A variety of salt solutions used to hydrate full-fat soy grits increased the thermal stability of both 7S and 11S storage proteins. DSC was used to monitor their denaturation temperature. Neutral salt hydrations followed the lyotropic series for protein stabilization. Of the salts evaluated, the test results indicate that the reducing salt, sodium sulfite, and the neutral salt, sodium sulfate, when used to steep beans, yielded significantly higher NSI than did the water-steeped controls or other salt treatments after partial defatting with absolute isopropanol or ethanol and supercritical CO2. However, these same salt treatments did not as effectively stabilize the proteins against the denaturing effects of ethanol more aqueous than 84% when these alcohols were used as the defatting medium. C1 ARS, NCAUR, USDA, Biometr Serv, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Sessa, DJ (reprint author), ARS, NCAUR, USDA, Biometr Serv, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sessadj@mail.ncaur.usda.gov NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 75 IS 8 BP 911 EP 916 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 111BU UT WOS:000075418100003 ER PT J AU An, WD Hong, JK Pintauro, PN Warner, K Neff, W AF An, WD Hong, JK Pintauro, PN Warner, K Neff, W TI The electrochemical hydrogenation of edible oils in a solid polymer electrolyte reactor. I. Reactor design and operation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE canola oil; cottonseed oil; current efficiency; fatty acid mixtures; Pd-black; Pt-black; soybean oil; trans isomers; triacylglycerol ID RANEY-NICKEL ELECTRODES; ELECTROCATALYTIC HYDROGENATION; AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; SOYBEAN OIL; ORGANIC ELECTROCHEMISTRY; SPE METHOD; REDUCTION; NITROBENZENE; BONDS AB A new electrochemical method has been devised and tested for the moderate temperature/atmospheric pressure hydrogenation of edible oils, fatty acids, and fatty acid methyl esters. The method employed a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) reactor, similar to that used in H-2/O-2 fuel cells, with water as the source of hydrogen. The key component of the reactor was a membrane-electrode-assembly, composed of a RuO2 powder anode and either a Pt-black or Pd-black powder cathode that were hot-pressed as thin films onto the opposing surfaces of a Nafion cation-exchange membrane. During reactor operation at a constant applied current, water was back-fed to the RuO2 anode, where it was oxidized electrochemically to O-2 and HC Protons migrated through the Nafion membrane under the influence of the applied electric field and contacted the Pt or Pd cathode, where they were reduced to atomic and molecular hydrogen. Oil was circulated past the back side of the cathode and unsaturated triglycerides reacted with the electrogenerated hydrogen species. The SPE reactor was operated successfully at a constant applied current density of 0.10 A/cm(2) and a temperature between 50 and 80 degrees C with soybean, canola, and cottonseed oils and with mixtures of fatty acids and fatty acid methyl esters. Reaction products with iodine values in the range of 60-105 were characterized by a higher stearic acid content and a lower percentage of trans isomers than those produced in a traditional hydrogenation process. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. ARS, NCAUR, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Pintauro, PN (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM peter.pintauro@tulane.edu NR 22 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 75 IS 8 BP 917 EP 925 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 111BU UT WOS:000075418100004 ER PT J AU Kuk, MS Hron, RJ AF Kuk, MS Hron, RJ TI Cottonseed extraction with a new solvent system: Isohexane and alcohol mixtures SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cottonseed; extraction; free gossypol; meal; new solvent; oil; total gossypol ID ETHANOL EXTRACTION AB A solvent system, consisting of isohexane and 5 to 25% alcohol, either ethanol (EtOH) or isopropyl alcohol (IPA), was tested for extracting gossypol and oil from cottonseed. The test results indicate that this new solvent system not only is effective in removing free and total gossypol but also is as efficient as n-hexane when extracting oil. The amino acid analysis of cottonseed meal, produced by the new solvent system, is similar to that produced by commercial n-hexane. Present commercial cottonseed extraction and downstream processing of cottonseed oil refining may need little change to adopt this new solvent system. This new solvent system may lead to a solution to the gossypol problem of cottonseed extraction. C1 ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Kuk, MS (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 75 IS 8 BP 927 EP 930 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 111BU UT WOS:000075418100005 ER PT J AU Piazza, GJ Foglia, TA Nunez, A AF Piazza, GJ Foglia, TA Nunez, A TI Enantioselective conversion of linoleate hydroperoxide to an alpha,beta-epoxy alcohol by niobium ethoxide SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE epoxide; hydroperoxide; linoleic acid; lipoxygenase; niobium(V) ethoxide ID FATTY-ACID HYDROPEROXIDES; EPOXY ALCOHOLS; TRANSFORMATIONS; EPOXYHYDROXY; LIPOXYGENASE; PRODUCTS AB Niobium (V) ethoxide [Nb(OC2H5)(5)] catalyzed the rearrangement of methyl 13(S)-hydroperoxy-9(Z),11 (E)-octadecadienoate (Me-HPODE) to epoxy hydroxy isomers. At low temperature (5 degrees C) in aprotic solvent, Me-HPODE was converted to the diastereomeric alpha, beta-epoxy alcohols, methyl 11 (R,S), 12(R,S)-epoxy-13 (S)-hydroxy-9(Z)octadecenoate. These products are referred to as oxylipids and structurally resemble those obtained from the vanadium- and epoxygenase-catalyzed rearrangement of Me-HPODE but are distinct from products obtained from ferrous iron-, hematin-, and hemoglobin-catalyzed rearrangements. Because the product of the niobium-catalyzed rearrangement of Me-HPODE was predominantly the erythro diastereomer, the rearrangement is distinguished from that produced by a titanium catalyst, in which the three diastereomer [methyl 11 (R), 12 (R)-epoxy-13(S)-hydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoate] predominates, and from that produced by a vanadium catalyst, in which both diastereomers are produced in equal proportion. The synthesis of alcohol epoxide by Nb(OC2H5)(5) was inhibited by traces of water, but inclusion of molecular sieves in the reaction medium did not improve yield, as the alcohol epoxide rearranged to ketonic materials. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Piazza, GJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. OI Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 75 IS 8 BP 939 EP 943 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 111BU UT WOS:000075418100007 ER PT J AU Knothe, G Bagby, MO Ryan, TW AF Knothe, G Bagby, MO Ryan, TW TI Precombustion of fatty acids and esters of biodiesel. A possible explanation for differing cetane numbers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE biodiesel; cetane number; emissions; fatty acids; fatty esters; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; precombustion ID PRESSURIZED REACTOR; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; DIESEL FUELS; TRIGLYCERIDES; DEGRADATION AB Fatty acids of C-18 chainlength as well as their methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, and n-butyl esters were injected into a constant-volume combustion apparatus suitable for collecting material from the fuel spray prior to the onset of ignition. The collected material from this precombustion phase of the injection event was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Compounds identified as forming during the precombustion phase were straight-chain and branched alkanes, alkenes, and cyclic hydrocarbons, as well as aldehydes, ketones, esters, substituted benzenes, and other species, such as furans. Some of the compounds formed during precombustion have low cetane numbers (CN). Low-cetane aromatic compounds were found more prominently for more unsaturated fatty compounds. Thus, the low CN of the intermediary precombustion species may constitute a possible partial explanation why some compounds, for example the more unsaturated fatty compounds, have relatively low CN. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Oil Chem Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Oil Chem Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 20 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 75 IS 8 BP 1007 EP 1013 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 111BU UT WOS:000075418100016 ER PT J AU Isbell, TA Mund, MS AF Isbell, TA Mund, MS TI Synthesis of secondary ethers derived from meadowfoam oil SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE 5-alkoxy; branched-chain alcohols; 5-eicosenoic acid; esters; fatty acids; Lewis acids; meadowfoam; mineral acids; montmorillonite; secondary ethers; stabilized cations ID ACID-CATALYZED CONDENSATION; SHEET SILICATES; FATTY-ACIDS; ESTOLIDES; ALCOHOLS AB Secondary ethers can be obtained from meadow-foam-derived delta lactones or 5-hydroxy fatty acids by using Lewis or Bronsted acid catalysts in good yield (70-90%). The conversion of delta-lactone or 5-hydroxy fatty acid to 5-ethers is performed under atmospheric pressure between 67 and 125 degrees C with 0.5-6.4 mole equivalents of acid catalyst in the presence of 2-40 equivalents of alcohol and a reaction time of 1-140 h. Acid catalysts include mineral acids, such as perchloric and sulfuric; Lewis acids, such as boron trifluoride; and heterogeneous catalysts, such as clays and ion-exchange resins. Primary alcohols, such as methanol, butanol, decanol, and oleyl alcohol, or branched-chain alcohols, such as 2-ethylhexanol, can be used to make secondary ether fatty esters. The 5-ether fatty esters and the process for their formation have not been previously known and appear to be limited to structures where stabilized cations can be formed. The novel ethers were fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Isbell, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 75 IS 8 BP 1021 EP 1029 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 111BU UT WOS:000075418100018 ER PT J AU James, W Kaplan, B AF James, W Kaplan, B TI Cull cow studies offer potential for reducing food safety risks SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT News Item C1 US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Div Emerging Pathogens & Zoonot Dis, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP James, W (reprint author), US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Div Emerging Pathogens & Zoonot Dis, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 213 IS 3 BP 330 EP 330 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 105PN UT WOS:000075082600014 ER PT J AU Miller, PE Paul-Murphy, J Sullivan, R Cooley, AJ Dubielzig, RR Murphy, CJ Fadly, AM AF Miller, PE Paul-Murphy, J Sullivan, R Cooley, AJ Dubielzig, RR Murphy, CJ Fadly, AM TI Orbital lymphosarcoma associated with reticuloendotheliosis virus in a peafowl SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE avian species; lymphosarcoma; oncology ID INFECTION; BIRDS AB Lymphosarcoma associated with infection by avian reticuloendotheliosis virus was diagnosed in an Indian peafowl with exophthalmia and exposure keratitis. Exenteration of the orbit was complicated by a profound oculocardiac reflex and extensive hemorrhage during surgery. Orbital bleeding was controlled by direct pressure, electrocautery, topical administration of bovine thrombin, and application of sterile gelatin sponges and oxidized regenerated cellulose. A blood transfusion was also performed. In addition to describing methods of handling intraoperative complications of orbital exenteration in birds, to the authors' knowledge, this is the first report to describe an association of reticuloendotheliosis virus, which more commonly affects poultry, with lymphosarcoma in an Indian peafowl. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Surg Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Miller, PE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Surg Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 213 IS 3 BP 377 EP + PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 105PN UT WOS:000075082600035 PM 9702227 ER PT J AU Sun, G Riekerk, H Comerford, NB AF Sun, G Riekerk, H Comerford, NB TI Modeling the forest hydrology of wetland-upland ecosystems in Florida SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE forest hydrology; Florida; ground water hydrology; pine flatwoods; modeling; wetlands ID PINE FLATWOODS; SIMULATION; WATER; PHOSPHORUS; DYNAMICS; SOILS AB Few hydrological models are applicable to pine flatwoods which are a mosaic of pine plantations and cypress swamps. Unique features of this system include ephemeral sheet flow, shallow dynamic ground water table, high rainfall and evapotranspiration, and high infiltration rates. A FLATWOODS model has been developed specifically for the cypress wetland-pine upland landscape by integrating a 2-D ground water model, a Variable-Source-Area (VAS)-based surface flow model, an evapotranspiration (ET) model, and an unsaturated water flow model. The FLATWOODS model utilizes a distributed approach by dividing the entire simulation domain into regular cells. It has the capability to continuously simulate the daily values of ground water table depth, ET, and soil moisture content distributions in a watershed. The model has been calibrated and validated with a 15-year runoff and a four-year ground water table data set from two different pine flatwoods research watersheds in northern Florida. This model may be used for predicting hydrologic impacts of different forest management practices in the coastal regions. C1 N Carolina State Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, 1509 Vars Dr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM gesun@unity.ncsu.edu NR 50 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 34 IS 4 BP 827 EP 841 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb01519.x PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 116AW UT WOS:000075700000011 ER PT J AU Sun, G Riekerk, H Comerford, NB AF Sun, G Riekerk, H Comerford, NB TI Modeling the hydrologic impacts of forest harvesting on Florida flatwoods SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE forest hydrology; Florida; hydrologic impacts; pine flatwoods; modeling; wetlands ID PINE FLATWOODS AB The great temporal and spatial variability of pine flatwoods hydrology suggests traditional short-term field methods may not be effective in evaluating the hydrologic effects of forest management. The FLATWOODS model was developed, calibrated and validated specifically for the cypress wetland-pine upland landscape. The model was applied to two typical flatwoods sites in north central Florida. Three harvesting treatments (Wetland Harvesting, Wetland + Upland Harvesting, and Control) under three typical climatic conditions (dry, wet, and normal precipitation years) were simulated to study the potential first-year effects of common forest harvesting activities on flatwoods. Long-term (15 years) simulation was conducted to evaluate the hydrologic impacts at different stages of stand rotation. This simulation study concludes that forest harvesting has substantial effects on hydrology during dry periods and clear cutting of both wetlands and uplands has greater influence on the water regimes than partial harvesting. Compared to hilly regions, forest harvesting in the Florida coastal plains has less impact on water yield. C1 N Carolina State Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, 1509 Vars Dr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM gesun@unity.ncsu.edu NR 21 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 34 IS 4 BP 843 EP 854 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb01520.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 116AW UT WOS:000075700000012 ER PT J AU Suarez, DL Perdue, ML Cox, N Rowe, T Bender, C Huang, J Swayne, DE AF Suarez, DL Perdue, ML Cox, N Rowe, T Bender, C Huang, J Swayne, DE TI Comparisons of highly virulent H5N1 influenza A viruses isolated from humans and chickens from Hong Kong SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; SQUIRREL-MONKEYS; COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY; REASSORTANT VIRUSES; HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; DUCK-ORIGIN; H7 SUBTYPE; PIGS; NUCLEOPROTEIN; SWINE AB Genes of an influenza A (H5N1) virus from a human in Hong Kong isolated in May 1997 were sequenced and found to be all avian-like (K. Subbarao et al., Science 279:393-395, 1998). Gene sequences of this human isolate were compared to those of a highly pathogenic chicken H5N1 influenza virus isolated from Hong Kong in April 1997. Sequence comparisons of all eight RNA segments from the two viruses show greater than 99% sequence identity between them. However, neither isolate's gene sequence was closely (>95% sequence identity) related to any other gene sequences found in the GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the nucleotide sequences of at least four of the eight RNA segments clustered with Eurasian origin avian influenza viruses. The hemagglutinin gene phylogenetic analysis also included the sequences from an additional three human and two chicken H5N1 virus isolates from Hong Kong, and the isolates separated into two closely related groups. However, no single amino acid change separated the chicken origin and human origin isolates, but they all contained multiple basic amino acids at the hemagglutinin cleavage site, which is associated with a highly pathogenic phenotype in poultry. In experimental intravenous inoculation studies with chickens, all seven viruses were highly pathogenic, killing most birds within 24 h.All infected chickens had virtually identical pathologic lesions, including moderate to severe diffuse edema and interstitial pneumonitis. Viral nucleoprotein was most frequently demonstrated in vascular endothelium, macrophages, heterophils, and cardiac myocytes. Asphyxiation from pulmonary edema and generalized cardiovascular collapse were the most likely pathogenic mechanisms responsible for illness and death. In summary, a small number of changes in hemagglutinin gene sequences defined two closely related subgroups, with both subgroups having human and chicken members, among the seven viruses examined from Hong Kong, and all seven viruses were highly pathogenic in chickens and caused similar lesions in experimental inoculations. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 51 TC 249 Z9 290 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 72 IS 8 BP 6678 EP 6688 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA ZZ446 UT WOS:000074730200051 PM 9658115 ER PT J AU Potter, DU Gosz, JR Molles, MC Scuderi, LA AF Potter, DU Gosz, JR Molles, MC Scuderi, LA TI Lightning, precipitation and vegetation at landscape scale SO LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lightning research; precipitation; vegetation; monsoon; GIS ID TREE-RING RECORD; MEXICAN MONSOON; MODEL; TEMPERATURES AB We investigated the question "Is there a relationship between seasonality in precipitation and vegetative cover in Pole Canyon, NM?" GIS and statistical methods were used to determine the degree of association between either summer or winter precipitation and percent canopy cover for trees, graminoids and total vegetation. Monsoon (summer) precipitation was predicted for the years 1986-1994 from lightning strike and relative humidity data by multiple regression. Winter precipitation, the percent of annual precipitation that occurs during winter, and vegetative cover were derived from the Forest Service Terrestrial Ecosystem Survey. Vegetation and precipitation data were ranked and classified (e.g., high, medium, low) and cross-tabulations were generated to compare the spatial distribution of vegetation classes within each precipitation class. Results indicate that seasonality in precipitation affects the distribution and spatial pattern of vegetation at landscape scales. Winter precipitation is a key factor that influences the distribution and spatial pattern of tree cover. Monsoon precipitation may affect the spatial pattern of graminoid cover where Bouteloua gracilis dominates. Winter precipitation may affect the distribution and spatial pattern of graminoid cover where Festuca arizonica dominates. Some of the unexplained relationships may be due to competition between trees and graminoids for moisture and other limiting factors. The importance of temperature was implicit in the division between summer (monsoon) and winter seasons. Annual precipitation, elevation, topography and edaphic factors probably contributed to the observed relationships. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, SW Reg Watershed & Air Management, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Potter, DU (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, SW Reg Watershed & Air Management, 517 Gold Ave, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-2973 J9 LANDSCAPE ECOL JI Landsc. Ecol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 13 IS 4 BP 203 EP 214 DI 10.1023/A:1007944431837 PG 12 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 185NY UT WOS:000079677000002 ER PT J AU Gardner, HW AF Gardner, HW TI 9-hydroxy-traumatin, a new metabolite of the lipoxygenase pathway SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID VICIA-FABA L; FATTY-ACID HYDROPEROXIDES; GLYCINE-MAX; LINOLEIC-ACID; SOYBEAN SEED; IDENTIFICATION; OXYGENATION; PRODUCTS; TISSUES AB 9-Hydroxy-traumatin, 9-hydroxy-12-oxo-10E-dodecenoic acid, was isolated as a product of 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11 E-octadecadienoic acid as catalyzed by enzyme preparations of both soybean and alfalfa seedlings. This suggested that 9Z-traumatin, 12-oxo-9Z-dodecenoic acid, was being converted into 9-hydroxy-traumatin in an analogous manner to the previously identified enzymic conversion of 3Z-nonenal and SZ-hexenal into 4-hydroxy-2E-nonenal and 4-hydroxy-2E-hexenal, respectively. Other metabolites of 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11 E-octadecadienoic acid were similar for both soybean and alfalfa seedling preparations, and they are briefly described. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gardner, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD AUG PY 1998 VL 33 IS 8 BP 745 EP 749 DI 10.1007/s11745-998-0265-z PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 110VC UT WOS:000075400900001 PM 9727603 ER PT J AU Burkhalter, RS Smith, CA White, DC Fayer, R White, AB AF Burkhalter, RS Smith, CA White, DC Fayer, R White, AB TI The signature 10-hydroxy stearic acid thought to correlate with infectivity in oocysts of Cryptosporidium species is an artifact SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID PARVUM OOCYSTS AB Heating or freezing leads to loss in infectivity of oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum toward neonatal BALB/c mice and is reflected in the profile of the polar lipid fatty acids. Upon loss of infectivity, the ratio of polar lipid to neutral lipid fatty acid decreased and the relative proportions of 18:1n-9 also decreased; proportions of 18:2n-6 and 20:5n-6 increased, whereas the proportions of 16:0 remained constant with freezing. During these investigations, a novel fatty acid, 10-OH 18:0, was discovered in the glycolipid fraction. The identification of a fatty acid unique to species of Cryptosporidium was thought to provide a specific biomarker for this organism. Cryptosporidium also demonstrated fluctuations in absolute quantities of 10OH 18:0 with events that lead to loss of infectivity. This led to the presumed correlation of this biomarker with infectious Cryptosporidium. The 10-OH 18:0 was putatively localized at the sn-2 position of phosphatidylethanolamine. High-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry revealed that the 10-OH 18:0 existed principally in the free fatty acid form. Herein, we establish that the free fatty acid 10OH 18:0 was, in actuality, an artifact of the procedures for sample preparation. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Microbial Insights Inc, Rockford, TN USA. RP White, DC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, 10515 Res Dr,Suite 300, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD AUG PY 1998 VL 33 IS 8 BP 829 EP 833 DI 10.1007/s11745-998-0278-7 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 110VC UT WOS:000075400900014 PM 9727616 ER PT J AU Kramer, JKG Parodi, PW Jensen, RG Mossoba, MM Yurawecz, MP Adlof, RO AF Kramer, JKG Parodi, PW Jensen, RG Mossoba, MM Yurawecz, MP Adlof, RO TI Rumenic acid: A proposed common name for the major conjugated linoleic acid isomer found in natural products SO LIPIDS LA English DT Letter C1 USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Kramer, JKG (reprint author), USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 73 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD AUG PY 1998 VL 33 IS 8 BP 835 EP 835 DI 10.1007/s11745-998-0279-6 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 110VC UT WOS:000075400900015 PM 9727617 ER PT J AU Millar, JS Lichtenstein, AH Dolnikowski, GG Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ AF Millar, JS Lichtenstein, AH Dolnikowski, GG Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ TI Proposal of a multicompartmental model for use in the study of apolipoprotein E metabolism SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID LIPOPROTEIN SUBCLASSES; DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; B-100 KINETICS; PLASMA; LIVER; QUANTITATION; FIBROBLASTS; CHOLESTEROL; FRACTIONS; LIPOLYSIS AB Apolipoprotein (apo) E is a 299-amino acid glycoprotein that serves a number of functions in lipoprotein metabolism. Apo E binds to the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). and chylomicrons, as they are lipolyzed, mediating their removal from plasma via lipoprotein receptors. Apo E is also found associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL) and has been suggested to play a role in reverse cholesterol transport. Studies on the kinetic behavior of apo E from the TRL and HDL fractions provide insights into the metabolic relationships between TRL and HDL in vivo. We sought to develop a compartmental model that can be used for analysis of kinetic data in studies on the metabolism of TRL and HDL apo E. Using radioactive tracers, it has been previously observed that, in some instances, a portion of VLDL apo E that is removed from plasma subsequently reappears in VLDL. Four multicompartmental models were considered that could account for this type of behavior: model A, in which there is transfer of apo E from HDL to VLDL; model B, in which there is a bidirectional extravascular exchange; model C, in which there is removal and subsequent reintroduction of TRL apo E into plasma; and model D, in which there is secretion of TRL apo E into plasma directly and via an extravascular pathway. Models C and D provided the best fit to the experimental data. While no physiologically plausible analog to model C could be found, an extravascular delay, analogous to newly secreted apo E that enters the lymphatic system before appearing in plasma, was postulated for model D. It was this model that was used to analyze kinetic data from metabolic studies of apo E. The model was able to provide a satisfactory fit to kinetic data in studies in which subjects were given a primed-constant infusion of H-2(3)-leucine. It was determined that TRL apo E from the six subjects studied had a mean residence time of 0.11 +/- 0.05 days and a mean production rate of 10.6 +/- 7.2 mg/kg/d, while HDL apo E had a mean residence time of 2.96 +/- 0.99 days and a mean production rate of 0.07 +/- 0.07 mg/kg/d. We conclude that this model describes a potential pathway for the metabolism of a portion of apo E in plasma and can be used to calculate the residence time and production rate of TRL and HDL apo E under a variety of conditions. Copyright (C) 1998 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-39326]; NIA NIH HHS [T32-AG000209] NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 47 IS 8 BP 922 EP 928 DI 10.1016/S0026-0495(98)90345-6 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 108HT UT WOS:000075260800007 PM 9711986 ER PT J AU Chou, JC Mulbry, WW Cohen, JD AF Chou, JC Mulbry, WW Cohen, JD TI The gene for indole-3-acetyl-L-aspartic acid hydrolase from Enterobacter agglomerans: molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression in Escherichia coli SO MOLECULAR AND GENERAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE hydrolase; Enterobacter; amidohydrolase; carboxypeptidase; indole-3-acetylaspartic acid ID ADVENTITIOUS ROOT-FORMATION; INDOLE-3-ACETYLASPARTIC ACID; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POPULUS-TREMULA; IDENTIFICATION; CONJUGATION; SEEDLINGS; CUTTINGS; SEEDS AB A 5.5-kb DNA fragment containing the indole-3-acetyl-aspartic acid (IAA-asp) hydrolase gene (iaaspH) was isolated from Enterobacter agglomerans strain GK12 using a hybridization probe based on the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the protein. The DNA sequence of a 2.4-kb region of this fragment was determined and revealed a 1311-nucleotide ORF large enough to encode the 45-kDa IAA-asp hydrolase. A 1.5-kb DNA fragment containing iaaspH was subcloned into the Escherichia coli expression plasmid pTTQ8 to yield plasmid pJCC2. Extracts of IPTG-induced E. coli cultures containing the pJCC2 recombinant plasmid showed IAA-asp hydrolase levels 5 to 10-fold higher than those in E. agglomerans extracts. Homology searches revealed that the IAA-asp hydrolase was similar to a variety of amidohydrolases. In addition, IAA-asp hydrolase showed 70% sequence identity to a putative thermostable carboxypeptidase of E. coli. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cohen, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Cohen, Jerry/0000-0003-2816-8676 NR 27 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0026-8925 J9 MOL GEN GENET JI Mol. Gen. Genet. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 259 IS 2 BP 172 EP 178 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 119UB UT WOS:000075915100005 PM 9747708 ER PT J AU Rosenbaum, SE Greenberg, AS AF Rosenbaum, SE Greenberg, AS TI The short- and long-term effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and BRL 49653 on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma 2 gene expression and other adipocyte genes SO MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLUCOSE-TRANSPORTER GLUT4; PPAR-GAMMA; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; 3T3 FIBROBLASTS; C/EBP-BETA; OBESITY; DIFFERENTIATION; TRANSCRIPTION; ADIPOGENESIS; CONVERSION AB Expression of turner necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) in adipocytes has been reported to correlate with insulin resistance associated with obesity, The thiazolidinediones such as BRL 49653 have been reported to improve insulin sensitivity in obese animals and humans. Although its exact mechanism of action is not known, BRL 49653 has been shown to antagonize some of the inhibitory actions of TNF alpha. BRL 49653 binds and activates the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR gamma 2), an important nuclear transcription factor in adipocyte differentiation; however, its regulation of PPAR gamma 2 in differentiated adipocytes is unknown. In this paper, we find that BRL 49653 blocked the ability of TNF alpha to down-regulate the expression and transcription of several adipocyte genes, but BRL 49653 did not prevent TNF alpha from down-regulating PPAR gamma 2. Moreover, BRL 49653 alone initially decreased the expression of PPAR gamma 2 mRNA and protein greatly. After 24 h of treatment in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, BRL 49653 down-regulated PPAR gamma 2 by greater than 90% and potentiated the decrease of PPAR gamma 2 mRNA by TNF alpha at this time. These unexpected results prompted us to repeat the experiments for a longer time to determine whether BRL 49653 would continue to down-regulate PPAR gamma 2. With prolonged BRL 49653 treatment, PPAR gamma 2 mRNA expression was not decreased as greatly, and the protein levels were decreased 20-30% below control at 72 h compared Po 90% at 24 h. Although BRL 49653 continued to prevent the inhibitory effects of TNF alpha on perilipin and aP2 mRNA, by 72 h, BRL 49653 was not as potent an inhibitor of TNF alpha's down-regulation of perilipin protein. Since PPAR gamma 2 protein was more abundant at this time, these results suggest that the level of PPAR gamma 2 protein is not the sole factor that regulates the transcriptional control by BRL 49653. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Tupper Med Res Inst, Div Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rosenbaum, SE (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK-40561, T32DK-07704] NR 32 TC 62 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0888-8809 J9 MOL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Endocrinol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1150 EP 1160 DI 10.1210/me.12.8.1150 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 106DB UT WOS:000075113500008 PM 9717841 ER PT J AU Bayman, P Angulo-Sandoval, P Baez-Ortiz, Z Lodge, DJ AF Bayman, P Angulo-Sandoval, P Baez-Ortiz, Z Lodge, DJ TI Distribution and dispersal of Xylaria endophytes in two tree species in Puerto Rico SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; LEAVES; PLANTS; PALM AB Xylaria species are common endophytes in tropical plants. It is not known, however, whether transmission of Xylaria occurs horizontally or vertically, whether individual Xylaria strains have wide host ranges or are host-specific, or how they are dispersed. We compared frequency of Xylaria endophytes in leaves and seeds of two tree species in Puerto Rico, Casuarina equisetifolia (Australian pine) and Manilkara bidentata (ausubo). These trees were chosen because they differ markedly in morphology, habitat, distribution, and origin. In C. equisetifolia Xylaria was significantly more frequent in leaves than in seeds. Xylaria was isolated from seeds of trees in inland parks, but never from seeds of trees growing on beaches. This suggests that vertical transmission of Xylaria may be possible but is not necessary for infection. In M. bidentata, Xylaria was isolated from 97% of leaves but was never isolated from seeds, suggesting that transmission is entirely horizontal. Seedlings raised in a greenhouse far from other M. bidentata trees had a level of Xylaria infection as high as seedlings in the forest, suggesting that inocula can come from other sources and endophytic strains are not host-specific. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. US Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Luquillo, PR 00773 USA. RP Bayman, P (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, Box 23360, Rio Piedras, PR 00931 USA. NR 31 TC 50 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 102 BP 944 EP 948 DI 10.1017/S095375629700590X PN 8 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 117JZ UT WOS:000075779300007 ER PT J AU Shih, FF AF Shih, FF TI Film-forming properties and edible films of plant proteins SO NAHRUNG-FOOD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Food Proteins - Structural and Functional Aspects of Protein Modification CY SEP 01-03, 1997 CL UNIV POTSDAM, POTSDAM, GERMANY SP Forderverein Proteinchem e V, Min Wissensch Forsch & Kultur Landes Brandenburg, Deutsch Forschungsgemeinsch Bonn, Nestle AG, Amer Soybean Assoc, Fraunhofer Inst Lebensmitteltechnol, Verpack Freising HO UNIV POTSDAM ID SOY PROTEIN; BARRIER PROPERTIES; WHEAT GLUTEN; COATINGS; CORN; PH AB Film-forming properties of plant proteins vary, depending on the protein's amino acid composition and molecular characteristics. Proteins from soy bean, wheal, and corn are readily available and films from these proteins have been investigated extensively. The proteins are normally dissolved or dispersed in suitable solvents. Then the resulting solutions or dispersions form free standing films either an an air-liquid interface by surface dehydration and heat-initiated polymerization or on a plate by casting the mixture and subsequent solvent evaporation Various disulfide, hydrophobic, and hydrogen bonding interactions are involved in the film-forming mechanism which contribute to the development of film characteristics. Plant protein films in general are water sensitive and lack mechanical strength. However, they are good barriers against oxygen, and can be found in special applications as food producers or edible food wrappers. Efforts are being made by modifications in processing conditions to improve the food-use functionality of the films. Future research to upgrade plant-protein films to be used packaging material is also discussed. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Shih, FF (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0027-769X J9 NAHRUNG JI Nahr.-Food PD AUG PY 1998 VL 42 IS 3-4 BP 254 EP 256 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3803(199808)42:03/04<254::AID-FOOD254>3.3.CO;2-Q PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 110NU UT WOS:000075387900049 ER PT J AU Sessa, DJ Wing, RE AF Sessa, DJ Wing, RE TI Thermochemically-modified soybean and corn protein products with enhanced metal-binding properties SO NAHRUNG-FOOD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on Food Proteins - Structural and Functional Aspects of Protein Modification CY SEP 01-03, 1997 CL UNIV POTSDAM, POTSDAM, GERMANY SP Forderverein Proteinchem e V, Min Wissensch Forsch & Kultur Landes Brandenburg, Deutsch Forschungsgemeinsch Bonn, Nestle AG, Amer Soybean Assoc, Fraunhofer Inst Lebensmitteltechnol, Verpack Freising HO UNIV POTSDAM AB Citric acid (CA), also known as 2-hydroxy-1,2,3 propane tricarboxylic acid, was thermo-chemically reacted with food quality soy protein isolate (SPI), distillers' dried grains (DDG), produced from corn dry milling, and corn gluten meal (CGM), produced from corn wet milling, to generate acid-stable products with enhanced metal-binding properties. CA dehydrates at high temperature to form an anhydride that can interact with nucleophilic functional groups of protein or carbohydrate to generate ester or acyl derivatives. Effects of temperature, CA concentration, pH and reaction lime were evaluated to show that SPI, DDG, and CGM, when heated in the range 110-120 degrees C with CA at 1:1 w/w ratio, under endogenous acidic conditions for 24 h. yielded reaction products with reaction efficiencies >60% which possessed 4.13, 4.19 and 4.26 mmol COOH/g, respectively. FTIR data of original heated protein compared with their respective CA products demonstrated additional absorbances indicative of ester and carboxyl Linkages. The SPI/CA, DDG/CA, and CGM/CA products effectively bound 1.18, 1.07, and 0.9S mmol Cu2+/g, respectively, when analysed by ion plasma spectrometry. Solid state Al-27 NMR supported the metal binding characteristics of CA reaction products and demonstrated that Al3+ was bound ionically to carboxyl groups present on the reaction product. Amino acid composition studies showed diminished amounts of amino acids with nucleophilic reactive groups in all three CA reaction products. The CA reaction products are highly resistant to acid hydrolysis with 6 N HCl for 4 h at 145 degrees C. The biobased products generated in this study possess cation-exchange capability and potential biodegradability that may have an outlet for industrial wastewater treatment. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Sessa, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0027-769X J9 NAHRUNG JI Nahr.-Food PD AUG PY 1998 VL 42 IS 3-4 BP 266 EP 268 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3803(199808)42:03/04<266::AID-FOOD266>3.3.CO;2-E PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 110NU UT WOS:000075387900053 ER PT J AU Joseph, JA Denisova, N Fisher, D Shukitt-Hale, B Bickford, P Prior, R Cao, GH AF Joseph, JA Denisova, N Fisher, D Shukitt-Hale, B Bickford, P Prior, R Cao, GH TI Age-related neurodegeneration and oxidative stress - Putative nutritional intervention SO NEUROLOGIC CLINICS LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; GINKGO-BILOBA EXTRACT; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; CALCIUM DYSREGULATION; STRIATAL DOPAMINE; OXIDANT INJURY; POSSIBLE MODEL; BRAIN NEURONS; FREE-RADICALS AB This review describes age-related changes that occur in neuronal function and cites evidence to show that these alterations may be the result of increased sensitivity to oxidative stress (OS). Evidence is presented to show that the abilities to mitigate the OS effects and to repair the damage from OS show decline as a function of age. Results from age- and OS-sensitive tests are given; these results indicate that one of the major sites of action of OS is the membranes, especially if compromised by high amounts of sphingomyelin, and one of the major effects of OS is to further alter the calcium disregulation in aging. It is suggested that attempts to increase antioxidant protection through diets comprised of fruits and vegetables identified as being high in total antioxidant activity might prevent or reverse the deleterious OS effects on neuronal aging. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Vet Med, Denver, CO USA. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Bickford, Paula/J-5970-2012 OI Bickford, Paula/0000-0001-9657-7725 NR 63 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0733-8619 J9 NEUROL CLIN JI Neurol. Clin. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 16 IS 3 BP 747 EP + DI 10.1016/S0733-8619(05)70092-X PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 119UX UT WOS:000075917200016 PM 9666048 ER PT J AU Parks, CG Bednar, L Tiedemann, AR AF Parks, CG Bednar, L Tiedemann, AR TI Browsing ungulates - An important consideration in dieback and mortality of Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia) in a northeastern Oregon stand SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-CENTRAL IDAHO; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; CANADENSIS MARSH; FOREST; MOOSE; DEER; WASHINGTON; SELECTION; DYNAMICS; GROWTH AB We examined 712 Pacific yew stems in a stand in the Blue Mountains to assess causes for yew dieback and mortality. Many living stems were dead or partially dead: 66% of the stems were <50% dead, 17% were >50% dead, and another 17% of the stems were dead. A high proportion (89%) of the mature stems had wounds. Assessment of wounding indicated that bark stripping by deer and elk was the primary cause and suggests that this factor is important in dieback and death of Pacific yew in the study area. Counts of seedlings and assessment of seedling age showed that most seedlings were between 1 and 3 years old with substantially fewer in the 3- to 6-year age class. Older seedlings were scarce. Severe damage to mature stems and lack of seedling recruitment (presumably because of ungulate browsing) raise questions about the continued viability of Pacific yew in this area. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Parks, CG (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645910, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 72 IS 3 BP 190 EP 197 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 151PN UT WOS:000077729700004 ER PT J AU Nelson, GJ AF Nelson, GJ TI Dietary fat, trans fatty acids, and risk of coronary heart disease SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL; WOMEN; LIPIDS; OILS; FOOD; MEN AB Results from human feeding studies and recent large-scale epidemiologic surveys suggest that dietary trans fatty acids enhance the risk of developing coronary heart disease. Despite a lack of accurate data regarding dietary intake of trans fatty acids, existing epidemiologic data and evidence from experimental feeding studies support the idea that lowering current intakes of trans fatty acids may lower the risk of coronary heart disease. C1 ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. RP Nelson, GJ (reprint author), ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. NR 22 TC 38 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 56 IS 8 BP 250 EP 252 PG 3 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 111GG UT WOS:000075428500006 PM 9735680 ER PT J AU Dong, K Valles, SM Scharf, ME Zeichner, B Bennett, GW AF Dong, K Valles, SM Scharf, ME Zeichner, B Bennett, GW TI The knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation in pyrethroid-resistant German cockroaches SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SODIUM-CHANNEL GENE; BLATTELLA-GERMANICA; INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; HOUSE-FLY; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; DICTYOPTERA; LINKAGE; DDT; STRAIN; LOCUS AB A point mutation in the para-homologous sodium channel gene has been shown to be associated with knockdown resistance (kdr) in several insect species including the German cockroach. In this study, we analyzed the genomic organization of the region where the kdr mutation resides and then performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing using genomic DNA as the template to detect kdr mutation in 24 pyrethroid-resistant German cockroach strains, most of which have been collected recently from the field. The kdr mutation, G to C at nt 2979 resulting in a leucine to phenylalanine amino acid substitution, was detected in 20 strains including 2 strains from overseas (China and Germany). Our results clearly indicate that the kdr mutation is widespread in German cockroach populations. However, the super-kdr mutation detected in super-kdr house flies was not found in any of the 4 strains that showed higher levels of knockdown resistance. Little correlation was observed between the presence of the kdr mutation and the level of knockdown resistance, suggesting the existence of multiple resistance mechanisms in many of these strains, (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pesticide Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Urban & Ind Pest Management, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Dong, K (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pesticide Res Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 30 TC 44 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 60 IS 3 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.1006/pest.1998.2339 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 111GX UT WOS:000075429900006 ER PT J AU Reichard, DL Cooper, JA Bukovac, MJ Fox, RD AF Reichard, DL Cooper, JA Bukovac, MJ Fox, RD TI Using a videographic system to assess spray droplet impaction and reflection from leaf and artificial surfaces SO PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE reflection; impaction; droplet generators; leaf surfaces ID RETENTION; SIZE; ADJUVANTS; ADHESION; BARLEY AB A video motion analysis system was used with two different monodisperse droplet generators to quantify droplet impaction and any consequent reflection. By using different magnification/droplet generator combinations, droplet impaction was detailed at various stages. Low (7x) magnification, together with a generator that produced a spray cloud, allowed determination of the height and numbers of droplets reflected from plant surfaces. Higher (15x) magnification and a single-drop generator enabled the trajectory, and changes in velocity, of a rebounding droplet to be followed. By using high (90x) magnification and the single-drop generator, detailed measurements of a droplet deforming on impact could be made. Examples of how these techniques could be used are given. (C) 1998 SCI. C1 ARS, USDA, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ohio State Univ, Lab Pest Control Applicat Technol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Fox, RD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 24 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0031-613X J9 PESTIC SCI JI Pestic. Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 53 IS 4 BP 291 EP 299 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9063(199808)53:4<291::AID-PS773>3.0.CO;2-W PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 106HR UT WOS:000075124300004 ER PT J AU Coleman, MD Dickson, RE Isebrands, JG AF Coleman, MD Dickson, RE Isebrands, JG TI Growth and physiology of aspen supplied with different fertilizer addition rates SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article DE allometry; aspen; chlorophyll; nitrogen; photosynthesis; plant growth analysis; Populus tremuloides; steady-state nutrition ID PHOTON FLUX-DENSITY; LEAF NITROGEN DISTRIBUTION; LOW CONDUCTIVITY SOLUTIONS; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES MICHX; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; NUTRIENT ADDITION; SHORT-ROTATION; EXTERNAL CONCENTRATION; DRIVING VARIABLES; BLACK COTTONWOOD AB Variable internal plant nutrient content may confound plant response to environmental stress. Plant nutrient content may be controlled with relative addition rate techniques in solution culture. However, because raising large numbers of plants in flowing solution culture is difficult, we investigated the feasibility of raising plants in soil mix using relative fertilizer additions. Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones (216, 259 and 271) planted in pots containing a peat, sand and vermiculite (2:1:1, v/v/v) soil mix were grown with exponentially increasing fertilizer concentrations and harvested periodically to assess growth. Addition rate treatments ranged from 0.01 to 0.05 day(-1). The lag phase of growth, in which plants adjusted to the fertilizer regime, lasted 40 days after which plants entered the experimental period characterized by constant relative growth rates equivalent to applied fertilizer addition rates. Total plant nutrient concentration was (1) unique for each addition rate, (2) linearly related to addition rate and growth rate, and (3) tended to increase at the highest, and decrease at the lowest addition rates. Regardless, the plants appeared to have attained steady-stale conditions. Allocation of carbon to roots increased with lower addition rate treatments and was not dependent upon ontogeny. There were no treatment differences in growth response among aspen clones. Yet there were treatment differences in leaf chlorophyll and photosynthesis within the clones. For the 0.05 day(-1) addition rate treatment, chlorophyll, leaf N concentration and photosynthetic rate were strongly correlated with one another, were at a maximum in recently mature leaves, and rapidly declined with leaf age. The rate of decline in these leaf characteristics was slowest in clone 271, consistent with the leaf longevity stress response reported elsewhere. Plant responses from these relative fertilizer addition trials in soil mix agree closely with those run in hydroponics, indicating that steady-state nutrition can be achieved with a technically simple experimental assemblage. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Coleman, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM mcoleman@newnorth.net RI Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 NR 63 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 103 IS 4 BP 513 EP 526 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1998.1030410.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 120CN UT WOS:000075937300010 ER PT J AU Stenger, DC Hall, JS Choi, IR French, R AF Stenger, DC Hall, JS Choi, IR French, R TI Phylogenetic relationships within the family Potyviridae: Wheat streak mosaic virus and brome streak mosaic virus are not members of the genus Rymovirus SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE proposed genus "Tritimovirus" ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENOMIC RNA; CAPSID PROTEIN; CODING REGION; CLEAVAGE SITE; POLYPROTEIN; POTYVIRUSES; MUTATIONS; CLONING AB The complete nucleotide sequence of wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) has been determined based on complementary DNA clones derived from the 9,384-nucleotide (nt) RNA of the virus. The genome of WSMV has a 130-nt 5' leader and 149-nt 3'-untranslated region and is polyadenylated at the 3' end. WSMV RNA encodes a single polyprotein of 3,035 amino acid residues and has a deduced genome organization typical for a member of the family Potyviridae (5'-P1/HC-Pro/P3/6K1/Cl/6K2/VPg-NIa/Nlb/CP-3'). Because WSMV shares with ryegrass mosaic virus (RGMV) the biological property of transmission by eriophyid mites, WSMV has been assigned to the genus Rymovirus, of which RGMV is the type species. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted with complete polyprotein or Nib protein sequences of 11 members of the family Potyviridae, including viruses of monocots or dicots and viruses transmitted by aphids, whiteflies, and mites. WSMV and the monocot-infecting, mite-transmitted brome streak mosaic virus (BrSMV) are sister taxa and share a must recent common ancestor with the whitefly-transmitted sweet potato mild mottle virus, the type species of the proposed genus "Ipomovirus." In contrast, RGMV shares a most recent common ancestor with aphid-transmitted species of the genus Potyvirus. These results indicate that WSMV and BrSMV should be classified within a new genus of the family Potyviridae and should not be considered species of the genus Rymovirus. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Stenger, DC (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. OI Hall, Jeffrey/0000-0001-5599-2826 NR 37 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 1998 VL 88 IS 8 BP 782 EP 787 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.8.782 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 103VF UT WOS:000074978000005 PM 18944883 ER PT J AU Anderson, JM Bucholtz, DL Greene, AE Francki, MG Gray, SM Sharma, H Ohm, HW Perry, KL AF Anderson, JM Bucholtz, DL Greene, AE Francki, MG Gray, SM Sharma, H Ohm, HW Perry, KL TI Characterization of wheatgrass-derived barley yellow dwarf virus resistance in a wheat alien chromosome substitution line SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE wide crosses; resistance breeding ID THINOPYRUM-INTERMEDIUM; MESOPHYLL PROTOPLASTS; ISOLATE; LUTEOVIRUS; SEQUENCE; CULTURE; INDIANA; HYBRIDS; PLANTS; CELL AB Wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) possesses a high level of resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) subgroup I and subgroup II strains. A wheat line (P29), in which the 7D chromosome has been substituted with a group 7 chromosome from T. intermedium, was examined for the level of resistance to two subgroup I and two subgroup II BYDV strains. In P29 plants inoculated with the subgroup I PAV strains, the titer of virus in leaf and stem tissue was typically reduced 42 to 52% when compared with the BYDV-susceptible cv. Abe. P29 and 'Abe' had the same content of PAV in roots. These results and the absence of detectable virus in inoculated T. intermedium plants indicate that the complete resistance to subgroup I possessed by the wheatgrass has not been introgressed into P29. In contrast, P29 was completely resistant throughout the plant to the subgroup II strains, NY-RPV and NY-RMV, demonstrating that the complete resistance to subgroup II in T. intermedium was incorporated into P29. Further analysis of this resistance to NY-RPV showed that NY-RPV can replicate in mesophyll protoplasts of P29 and 'Abe', suggesting that this resistance is not operating at the single-cell level. Molecular marker analysis confirmed that the T.: intermedium chromosome present in P29 is a different group 7 wheatgrass chromosome than that present in L1, a wheat line with BYDV resistance properties similar to those of P29. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Anderson, JM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, 1150 Lilly Hall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jmanders@purdue.edu NR 41 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 1998 VL 88 IS 8 BP 851 EP 855 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.8.851 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 103VF UT WOS:000074978000015 PM 18944893 ER PT J AU Sundstrom, L Keyser, JD AF Sundstrom, L Keyser, JD TI Tribal affiliation of shield petroglyphs from the Black Hills and Cave Hills SO PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Plains art; petroglyphs; shield designs; tribal affiliation; Northern Plains ID LEXICON; ART AB This study compares 22 shield designs from Black Hills and Cave Hills rock art with 314 ethnographically recorded shield designs. Based on these comparisons, II of the petroglyphs were identified as Cheyenne, two as possibly Cheyenne, one as Lakota or Cheyenne, and one as either Cheyenne or Crow. The seven remaining designs could not be assigned a cultural affiliation. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Sundstrom, L (reprint author), 1320 E Lake Bluff Rd, Shorewood, WI 53211 USA. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLAINS ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOC PI LINCOLN PA 410 WEDGEWOOD DRIVE, LINCOLN, NE 68510 USA SN 0032-0447 J9 PLAINS ANTHROPOL JI Plains Anthropol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 43 IS 165 BP 225 EP 238 PG 14 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 126PD UT WOS:000076301700001 ER PT J AU Malinowski, DP Alloush, GA Belesky, DP AF Malinowski, DP Alloush, GA Belesky, DP TI Evidence for chemical changes on the root surface of tall fescue in response to infection with the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE endophyte; Festuca arundinacea; Neotyphodium coenophialum; phenolics; phosphorus; root activity; tall fescue ID ACREMONIUM-COENOPHIALUM; PLANTS; RYEGRASS; RESVERATROL; SEEDLINGS; ALKALOIDS; COMPLEX; GROWTH; ACID AB Endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) plants grown in phosphorus (P) deficient soils accumulate more P in roots and shoots than noninfected isolines, In a growth chamber experiment, four tall fescue genotypes DN2, DN4, DN7, and DN11, infected with their naturally occurring strains of Neotyphodium coenophialum (Morgan-Jones & Gams) Glenn, Bacon & Hanlin, and their noninfected isolines (E-), were cultivated in nutrient solution at two P levels: 31 ppm (P+) and 0 ppm (P-) for 4 wk. The Fe(3+) reducing activity of extracellular reductants and intact root tissues, and total phenolic concentration in roots and shoots were measured. Endophyte infection significantly increased Fe(3+) reducing activity rate of extracellular reductants (9.6 x 10(-3) mu mol Fe(3+) h(-1) g(-1) root FW) when compared to E- plants (3.9 x 10(-3)) and Fe(3+) reduction rate of intact root tissues (6.16 and 4.48 mu mol Fe(3+) h(-1) g(-1) root FW, respectively for E+ and E- plants). In response to P deficiency, Fe(3+) reduction rate of intact root tissues increased in E+ plants by 375% when compared to E- plants, whereas no significant differences were observed when P was provided. Total phenolic concentration was 20% greater in shoots of E+ plants than in E- plants. In response to P deficiency, total phenolic concentration significantly increased in roots of E+ plants by 7%, and decreased in roots of E- plants by 10%, The west active Fe(3+) reducing zones were located along branching of secondary and tertiary roots. The Fe(3+) reducing activity on the root surface and total phenolic concentration in roots and shoots increased dramatically in response to endophyte infection, especially under P limiting conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Malinowski, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 52 TC 71 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD AUG PY 1998 VL 205 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1023/A:1004331932018 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 168WG UT WOS:000078715700001 ER PT J AU Voigt, PW Godwin, HW Morris, DR AF Voigt, PW Godwin, HW Morris, DR TI Effect of four acid soils on root growth of white clover seedlings using a soil-on-agar procedure SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE acid-soil resistance; aluminum; soil solution; Trifolium repens ID RESISTANCE; ALUMINUM AB White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is widely distributed in the Appalachian region, except on highly acid soils. We used a procedure where a thin layer of soil is placed on top of solidified water agar to characterize effects of acid soil on seedling root growth. Our objectives were to evaluate the soil-on-agar technique by using four soils (non-limed and limed) with diverse chemical characteristics and to relate root emergence to the chemical properties of the soils. We used three white clover cultivars, 'Grasslands Huia,;Grasslands Tahora' and 'Sacramento'. Daily counts of root emergence from soil into agar were made for 12 d. Liming hastened white clover root emergence in three of the four soils. Days to 40% emergence were closely related (P < 0.01) to soil pH((H2O)) and to species of soil solution Al that are associated with Al toxicity in dicotyledonous plants. The r(2) values for the regression of days to 40% root emergence on pH((H2O)), Al(3+), Al(OH)(2+) and (Al(3+) + Al(OH)(2+) + Al(OH)(2)(+)) were 0.95, 0.96, 0.94 and 0.96, respectively. Apparently, the primary factor responsible for delayed root emergence in the soil-on-agar procedure was Al toxicity. Because of the close relationship between foot emergence and activity of toxic species of soil solution Al, we propose that the soil-on-agar technique should be useful for characterizing the response of many small-seeded species to Al. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Voigt, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Soil & Water Conservat Res Lab, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. EM pvoigt@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD AUG PY 1998 VL 205 IS 1 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.1023/A:1004386229641 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 168WG UT WOS:000078715700005 ER PT J AU Salon, PR Earle, ED AF Salon, PR Earle, ED TI Chromosome doubling and mode of reproduction of induced tetraploids of eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.) SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE eastern gamagrass; Tripsacum; chromosome doubling; tissue culture ID REGISTRATION; GERMPLASM; APOMIXIS; PLANTS AB Eastern gamagrass, (Tripsacum dactyloides L.) is a perennial, warm-season grass that is being developed as a forage plant. Shoots were derived from callus initiated from immature embryos and immature inflorescences of diploid (2n=2x=36) gynomonoecious eastern gamagrass. These shoots were induced to microtiller in the presence of 3 mg/l benzyladenine. Amiprophosmethyl (10, 15, or 20 mu M) was applied to 27 microtillers for 3-5 days to induce chromosome doubling. All 14 surviving plants were tetraploid, (2n=4x=72), as determined by flow cytometry or chromosome counts. These plants were morphologically normal and produced seed. Test crosses were made with a known diploid. Flow cytometry and chromosome counts showed that the progeny were triploid, proving that the induced tetraploids reproduce sexually. C1 USDA, NRCS, Big Flats Plant Mat Ctr, Corning, NY 14830 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Biometry, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Salon, PR (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Big Flats Plant Mat Ctr, RD1,Box 360A Rt 352, Corning, NY 14830 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD AUG PY 1998 VL 17 IS 11 BP 881 EP 885 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 109RY UT WOS:000075338000011 ER PT J AU Zhang, YP Uyemoto, JK Kirkpatrick, BC AF Zhang, YP Uyemoto, JK Kirkpatrick, BC TI Analysis of double-stranded RNAs from cherry trees with stem pitting in California SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SWEET CHERRY; VIRUS AB Five distinct dsRNA species were recovered from Bing sweet cherry (Prunus avium (L.) L.) trees with stem pitting symptoms. A 4.7-kilobase pair (kbp) dsRNA was isolated from mahaleb rootstock (P. mahaleb L.); an unrelated 4.7-kbp dsRNA, always co-purified with a 1.3-kbp dsRNA, and a 9-kbp dsRNA were from Bing cherry. In addition, an 8.5-kbp dsRNA found in diseased Shirofugen flowering cherry and in Bing cherry was identified as sour cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV). The larger, 8.5- and 9.0-kbp dsRNA species were graft-transmissible, while the smaller ones were non-transmissible and appeared cryptic in nature. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were developed for each dsRNA species by cloning and sequencing cDNA synthesized from the dsRNA templates. When several diseased collections were assayed by RT-PCR, approximately 14% reacted positively with primers for the 9.0-kbp dsRNA or CGRMV. Although CGRMV and the 9.0-kbp dsRNA caused wood-marking symptoms in graft-inoculated Mazzard (I! avium) seedling trees, no xylem or canopy symptoms developed in grafted Bing cherry. The causal agent or agents of cherry stem pitting have not been identified. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Davis, CA USA. RP Uyemoto, JK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 82 IS 8 BP 871 EP 874 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.8.871 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 102NY UT WOS:000074931700007 ER PT J AU Seifers, DL Harvey, TL Martin, TJ Jensen, SG AF Seifers, DL Harvey, TL Martin, TJ Jensen, SG TI Partial host range of the high plains virus of corn and wheat SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID STREAK MOSAIC-VIRUS; PLANT-VIRUSES; MAIZE; RESISTANCE; SORGHUM; STRAIN; KANSAS AB Barley (Hordeum vulgare), cheat (Bromus secalinus), corn (Zea mays), oat (Avena sativa), rye (Secale cereale), and wheat (Triticum aestivum) were infected by a Kansas isolate of the High Plains virus (HPV) in greenhouse experiments, but several other grass species were not. Infection of a host was dependent upon wheat curl mite numbers. Although both green foxtail (Setaria viridis) and yellow foxtail (S. glauca) are found naturally infected by HPV, only yellow foxtail could be infected in greenhouse experiments. Field sampling (1994 to 1996) of symptomatic yellow foxtail showed that it is a good indicator of the presence of HPV, with 252 of 278 symptomatic plants testing positive in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for HPV, 2 of 278 for American wheat striate mosaic virus, and 1 of 278 for johnson grass mosaic virus, whereas 23 of 278 symptomatic plants were negative for all viruses tested by ELISA and were not infectious in back-assays. C1 Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr Hays, Hays, KS 67601 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Seifers, DL (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr Hays, Hays, KS 67601 USA. NR 20 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 82 IS 8 BP 875 EP 879 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.8.875 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 102NY UT WOS:000074931700008 ER PT J AU Smith, BJ AF Smith, BJ TI Botrytis blossom blight of southern blueberries: Cultivar susceptibility and effect of chemical treatments SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB The susceptibility of blueberry flowers at each developmental stage was evaluated by inoculating potted blueberry bushes of the rabbiteye cultivars Climax, Premier, and Tifblue, and the southern highbush cultivars Gulfcoast and Cooper, during bloom with a conidial suspension of Botrytis cinerea and incubating in a dew chamber for 2 days at 20 degrees C and 100% relative humidity. Flower stage was rated at the beginning of each study and at 2 and 4 weeks after inoculation. The efficacy of five fungicides (benomyl, captan, cyprodinil, cyprodinil + CGA173506, and propiconazole) and a surfactant for control of Botrytis blossom blight was evaluated by inoculating Climax and Gulfcoast plants 2 days before or 2 days after treatment with each fungicide. The effect of chemicals used during bloom on the severity of Botrytis blossom blight was evaluated by treating Tifblue and Cooper plants with gibberellic acid, surfactant, and fungicide combinations 1 day prior to inoculation. Botrytis disease symptoms were scored 2 and 4 weeks after inoculation on a visual scale of 0 to 7. Flower susceptibility increased as flower stage at inoculation increased. Tifblue flowers at or near full bloom (stages 5 and 6) at the time of inoculation were very susceptible to Botrytis blossom blight. Flowers treated with benomyl, cyprodinil, and cyprodinil + CGA173506 2 days after inoculation had lower Botrytis severity scores than inoculated flowers not treated with fungicides. Flowers treated with gibberellic acid 1 day prior to inoculation had lower Botrytis scores 2 and 4 weeks later than untreated flowers, while flowers treated with a nonionic surfactant received the same Botrytis severity scores as untreated flowers. C1 ARS, USDA, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Smith, BJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Small Fruit Res Stn, POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM bjsmith@ag.gov NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 82 IS 8 BP 924 EP 927 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.8.924 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 102NY UT WOS:000074931700018 ER PT J AU Gitaitis, R MacDonald, G Torrance, R Hartley, R Sumner, DR Gay, JD Johnson, WC AF Gitaitis, R MacDonald, G Torrance, R Hartley, R Sumner, DR Gay, JD Johnson, WC TI Bacterial streak and bulb rot of sweet onion: II. Epiphytic survival of Pseudomonas viridiflava in association with multiple weed hosts SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SYRINGAE PV SYRINGAE; TOMATO; BLIGHT; DIFFERENTIATION; TRANSPLANTS AB A semiselective agar medium (T-5) was used to sample environment and plant material as a habitat for Pseudomonas viridiflava. Soil, irrigation water, soybean foliage, and foliage from various weeds in an onion-growing area were assayed over a 5-year period. P. viridiflava was recovered only as an epiphytic resident from weed species that included cutleaf evening primrose, dandelion, common fumitory, purple cudweed, spiny sowthistle, Virginia pepperweed, and wild radish. The bacterium apparently overseasons in association with these weeds, because its presence was detected prior to, as well as during, the onion-growing season. Preliminary tests indicated that weed control may suppress bacterial streak and bulb rot levels. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Rural Dev Ctr, Cooperat Extens Serv, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Tattnall Co, Cooperat Extens Serv, Reidsville, GA 30453 USA. Toombs Co, Cooperat Extens Serv, Lyon, GA 30436 USA. ARS, Nematodes Weeds & Crops Unit, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Gitaitis, R (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 82 IS 8 BP 935 EP 938 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.8.935 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 102NY UT WOS:000074931700021 ER PT J AU Desjardins, AE Plattner, RD Lu, M Claflin, LW AF Desjardins, AE Plattner, RD Lu, M Claflin, LW TI Distribution of fumonisins in maize ears infected with strains of Fusarium moniliforme that differ in fumonisin production SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FUJIKUROI MATING POPULATION; GIBBERELLA-FUJIKUROI; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; SECTION LISEOLA; CORN; CONTAMINATION; FEEDS; B-1 AB Strains of Fusarium moniliforme (Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A) that differ in fumonisin production in vitro were previously identified in a Kansas field population. One strain that produced high levels of fumonisins and two strains that produced very low levels of fumonisins were applied to maize kernels at planting at the Rocky Ford Farm near Manhattan, Kansas. The distribution of fumonisins in symptomatic and symptomless kernels from individual harvested ears was determined by high performance liquid chromatography, and the distribution of the three applied strains in the kernels was determined by vegetative compatibility group analysis. Both symptomatic and symptomless kernels were extensively colonized with F. moniliforme, but the highest levels of fumonisins were in the symptomatic kernels. All three applied strains were recovered from kernels in 1993, and two of them were recovered from kernels in 1994. However, a high frequency of ear and kernel infection with a strain that produced little fumonisin in vitro did not consistently decrease the level of fumonisins. The frequency of infection with fumonisin low-producing strains may have been too low for competitive exclusion of naturally occurring fumonisin high-producing strains. Also, strains that are low-fumonisin producers under laboratory conditions may be high producers in the field. C1 ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Desjardins, AE (reprint author), ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 23 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 82 IS 8 BP 953 EP 958 DI 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.8.953 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 102NY UT WOS:000074931700024 ER PT J AU Chaumont, F Barrieu, F Herman, EM Chrispeels, MJ AF Chaumont, F Barrieu, F Herman, EM Chrispeels, MJ TI Characterization of a maize tonoplast aquaporin expressed in zones of cell division and elongation SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAJOR INTRINSIC PROTEIN; LOW WATER POTENTIALS; ROOT-SPECIFIC GENE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; VACUOLAR MEMBRANE; GAMMA-TIP; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; SPECIALIZED ZONES; STORAGE VACUOLES; CHANNEL PROTEINS AB We studied aquaporins in maize (Zea mays), an important crop in which numerous studies on plant water relations have been carried out. A maize cDNA, ZmTIP1, was isolated by reverse transcription-coupled PCR using conserved motifs from plant aquaporins. The derived amino acid sequence of ZmTIP1 shows 76% sequence identity with the tonoplast aquaporin gamma-TIP (tonoplast intrinsic protein) from Arabidopsis. Expression of ZmTIP1 in Xenopus laevis oocytes showed that it increased the osmotic water permeability of oocytes 5-fold; this water transport was inhibited by mercuric chloride. A cross-reacting antiserum made against bean alpha-TIP was used for immunocytochemical localization of ZmTIP1. These results indicate that this and/or other aquaporins is abundantly present in the small vacuoles of meristematic cells. Northern analysis demonstrated that ZmTIP1 is expressed in all plant organs. In situ hybridization showed a high ZmTIP1 expression in meristems and zones of cell enlargement: tips of primary and lateral roots, leaf primordia, and male and female inflorescence meristems. The high ZmTIP1 expression in meristems and expanding cells suggests that ZmTIP1 is needed (a) for vacuole biogenesis and (b) to support the rapid influx of water into vacuoles during cell expansion. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USDA, ARS, Plant Mol Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chrispeels, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Biol, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Chaumont, Francois/A-5006-2010 NR 42 TC 110 Z9 132 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 117 IS 4 BP 1143 EP 1152 DI 10.1104/pp.117.4.1143 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 112GM UT WOS:000075485800003 PM 9701570 ER PT J AU Turano, FJ Fang, TK AF Turano, FJ Fang, TK TI Characterization of two glutamate decarboxylase cDNA clones from Arabidopsis SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID; CALMODULIN-BINDING DOMAIN; DEVELOPING SOYBEAN COTYLEDONS; ASPARTATE-AMINOTRANSFERASE; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; CYTOSOLIC CALCIUM; GENE FAMILY; COLD-SHOCK; EXPRESSION; DEHYDROGENASE AB Two distinct cDNA clones encoding for the glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) isoenzymes GAD1 and GAD2 from Arabidopsis (L.) Heynh. were characterized. The open reading frames for GAD1 and CAD2 were expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant proteins were purified by affinity chromatography. Analysis of the recombinant proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblot analysis suggest that GAD1 and GAD2 encode for 58- and 56-kD peptides, respectively. The enzymatic activities of the pure recombinant GAD1 and GAD2 proteins were stimulated 35- and 13-fold, respectively, by Ca2+/calmodulin but not by Ca2+ or calmodulin alone. Southern-blot analysis of genomic DNA suggests that there is only one copy of each gene in Arabidopsis. The GAD1 transcript and a corresponding 58-kD peptide were detected in roots only. Conversely, the GAD2 transcript and a corresponding 56-kD peptide were detected in all organs tested. The specific activity, GAD2 transcript, and 56-kD peptide increased in leaves of plants treated with 10 mM NH4Cl, 5 mM NH,NO,, 5 mM glutamic acid, or 5 mM glutamine as the sole nitrogen source compared with samples from plants treated with 10 mM KNO3. The results from these experiments suggest that in leaves CAD activity is partially controlled by gene expression or RNA stability. Results from preliminary analyses of different tissues imply that these tendencies were not the same in flower stalks and flowers, suggesting that other factors may control GAD activity in these organs. The results from this investigation demonstrate that GAD activity in leaves is altered by different nitrogen treatments, suggesting that GAD2 may play a unique role in nitrogen metabolism. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Turano, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 43 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 117 IS 4 BP 1411 EP 1421 DI 10.1104/pp.117.4.1411 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 112GM UT WOS:000075485800030 PM 9701597 ER PT J AU Burke, JJ AF Burke, JJ TI Characterization of acquired thermotolerance in soybean seedlings SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE acquired thermotolerance; chlorophyll; heat shock; Glycine max ID HEAT-SHOCK PROTEIN; TEMPERATURE STRESS; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; PEARL-MILLET; EXPRESSION; TOLERANCE; SORGHUM; ACQUISITION; RESPONSES; COTTON AB High surface temperatures are common to soils during periods of drought and when fields receive limited irrigation. Seedlings frequently experience these high temperatures during emergence and establishment in many regions of the world. The effects of a high temperature exposure on subsequent chlorophyll accumulation were determined in soybean (Glycine mar) seedlings. Etiolated seedlings and excised cotyledons received a 30-min challenge temperature between 44 and 56 degrees C. Following the high temperature challenge in the dark, they were returned to optimal temperatures for chlorophyll accumulation and exposed to continuous light. The results show that chlorophyll accumulation was prevented by challenge temperatures of 50 degrees C and above in soybean cotyledons. Pre-incubation of the etiolated soybean cotyledons at 38 or 40 degrees C before the 50 degrees C challenge provided maximum protection against high temperature inhibition of Chi accumulation. The time course for inducing acquired thermotolerance and the level of acquired thermotolerance obtained was dependent upon the tissue age (number of days following germination). This study further demonstrates the effectiveness of using the Chi-based bioassay of high temperature injury for the measurement of acquired thermotolerance. (C) Elsevier, Paris. C1 ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Res Unit, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. RP Burke, JJ (reprint author), ARS, Plant Stress & Germplasm Dev Res Unit, USDA, Route 3,Box 215, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. EM jburke@mail.csrl.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 36 IS 8 BP 601 EP 607 DI 10.1016/S0981-9428(98)80008-9 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 116EM UT WOS:000075710700008 ER PT J AU McKenzie, KS Kubena, LF Denvir, AJ Rogers, TD Hitchens, GD Bailey, RH Harvey, RB Buckley, SA Phillips, TD AF McKenzie, KS Kubena, LF Denvir, AJ Rogers, TD Hitchens, GD Bailey, RH Harvey, RB Buckley, SA Phillips, TD TI Aflatoxicosis in turkey poults is prevented by treatment of naturally contaminated corn with ozone generated by electrolysis SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; detoxification; ozone; corn; turkey ID SODIUM CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE; MONILIFORME CULTURE MATERIAL; BROILER-CHICKENS; CYCLOPIAZONIC ACID; T-2 TOXIN; COMBINED TOXICITY; AFLATOXIN-B1; EFFICACY; REDUCE; B-1 AB Previous studies have demonstrated that a novel source of ozone gas (O-3) may be used to chemically degrade numerous mycotoxins, including aflatoxin (AF) B-1. Subsequent in vitro analyses demonstrated detoxification of AFB(1), suggesting a potential method to remediate AF-contaminated grain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capability of electrochemically produced ozone to degrade AFB(1) in naturally contaminated whole kernel corn and confirm detoxification in turkey poults. Corn was procured from the southern coastal area of Texas and HPLC revealed 1,220 +/- 73.3 ppb AFB(1). Control and contaminated corn were treated for 92 h with O-3 at 200 mg/min in 30 kg batches; greater than 95% reduction of AFB(1) in contaminated corn was achieved. One-day-old female turkey poults were fed 1) control corn, 2) control corn + O-3, 3) AFB(1) corn, or 4) AFB(1) corn + O-3 mixed in rations (46% by wt.) and consumed ad libitum for 3 wk. When compared with controls, turkeys fed AFB(1) corn had reduced body weight gain and relative liver weight, whereas turkeys fed control corn + O-3 or AFB(1) corn + O-3 did not differ from controls. Furthermore, alterations in the majority of relative organ weights, liver discoloration, serum enzyme activity, hematological parameters, and blood chemistry caused by AFB(1) were eliminated (no difference from controls) by treatment with O-3. These data demonstrate that treatment of contaminated corn with electrochemically produced O-3 provided protection against AFB(1) in young turkey poults. It is important to note that treatment of control corn with O-3 did not alter the performance of the turkey poults. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Fac Toxicol, Dept Vet Anat & Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, USDA, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Lynntech Inc, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Phillips, TD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Fac Toxicol, Dept Vet Anat & Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 50 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 10 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 77 IS 8 BP 1094 EP 1102 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 106KY UT WOS:000075129500005 PM 9706072 ER PT J AU Saif, YM Swayne, DE AF Saif, YM Swayne, DE TI Symposium: Infectious Poultry Diseases - Introduction SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE infectious poultry diseases; Poultry Science Association; American Association of Avian Pathologists C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Saif, YM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 77 IS 8 BP 1110 EP 1110 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 106KY UT WOS:000075129500007 ER PT J AU Witter, RL AF Witter, RL TI Control strategies for Marek's disease: A perspective for the future SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Infectious Poultry Diseases at the Annual Meeting of Poultry-Science-Association CY AUG 02-03, 1997 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA SP Poultry Sci Assoc DE Marek's disease; vaccine; serotype; genetic resistance; transgene ID B-HAPLOTYPE INFLUENCE; RELATIVE EFFICACY; VIRUS TYPE-1; VACCINES; SYNERGISM; REPEATS; CHICKEN; DIFFERENTIATION; AMPLIFICATION; RESISTANCE AB Marek's disease virus is an evolving pathogen, acquiring virulence in response to increasingly effective vaccines. Although vaccine efficacy is generally good, industry has placed a high priority on more effective products. The search for better vaccines has been conducted mainly in the arena of molecular biology, and has been thus far disappointing. Various conditions prevail that currently limit the potential to develop suitable long-term solutions. A new paradigm based on reduction of early exposure, multiple levels of host resistance, and improved cooperation among stakeholders is proposed for consideration. C1 ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Witter, RL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. EM witterr@pilot.msu.edu NR 37 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 77 IS 8 BP 1197 EP 1203 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 106KY UT WOS:000075129500024 PM 9706090 ER PT J AU Bakst, MR Gupta, SK Potts, W Akuffo, V AF Bakst, MR Gupta, SK Potts, W Akuffo, V TI Gross appearance of the turkey blastoderm at oviposition SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE true fertility; hatchability; infertile germinal disc; blastoderm; turkey ID CLEAVAGE AB The blastoderm (fertilized ovum) and unfertilized germinal disc (UGD) of fresh laid eggs and eggs stored prior to incubation exhibit subtle but definable morphological variations. Such variations may lead to difficulty when attempting to determine true flock fertility based on the appearance of the blastoderm/UGD. The objectives of this study were to define and categorize such morphological variations and to determine whether sperm influence the frequency distribution of the different categories. Eleven categories of blastoderms were defined based on the relative density and appearance of the area alba, area pellucida, area opaca, and the periblast. The majority of the blastoderms were included in the first four categories. Unfertilized germinal discs were divided into six categories and were best differentiated from the blastoderms by the presence of vacuoles around its central dense area. They were also discernible from blastoderms based on their overall denser appearance. Differences in the frequency distribution of some of the UGD categories. between virgin and inseminated hens may be due to the effect that supernumary sperm may have on the organization of the UGD (no fertilization but supernumary sperm present) or blastoderm (fertilized but failed to develop). It is recommended that before starting true fertility determinations during fresh egg breakouts, one should study the appearance of the UGD from virgin hens and then the blastoderm from inseminated hens. One when will learn to appreciate the subtle differences in shape and density of the blastoderm/UGD structural components. C1 ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Stat Consulting Serv, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bakst, MR (reprint author), ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 77 IS 8 BP 1228 EP 1233 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 106KY UT WOS:000075129500028 PM 9706094 ER PT J AU Sarlin, LL Barnhart, ET Caldwell, DJ Moore, RW Byrd, JA Caldwell, DY Corrier, DE Deloach, JR Hargis, BM AF Sarlin, LL Barnhart, ET Caldwell, DJ Moore, RW Byrd, JA Caldwell, DY Corrier, DE Deloach, JR Hargis, BM TI Evaluation of alternative sampling methods for Salmonella critical control point determination at broiler processing SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; critical control points; crop; bacterial detection ID CROSS-CONTAMINATION; CHICKEN CARCASSES; POULTRY CARCASSES AB Several sampling methods have been developed for the detection of Salmonella on broiler carcasses during commercial processing. The present study evaluated three sampling methodologies for sensitivity of Salmonella detection on processed broiler carcasses. Furthermore, the effect of crop removal or chill tank exposure on the frequency of Salmonella recovery was also examined. In two experiments, swab, skin, and carcass rinse samples were compared for sensitivity of Salmonella detection. The results indicated that culture of swabs was less effective (P < 0.05) for Salmonella detection than either skin or carcass rinse samples. No significant (P > 0.05) differences were observed in Salmonella recovery from culture of skin or carcass rinse. In two subsequent experiments, skin and carcass rinse samples were found to be equally sensitive in their ability to detect Salmonella. Additionally, the stages of processing between feather and crop removal were observed to cause significant (P < 0.05) increases in Salmonella recovery within an individual flock. Similar increases (P < 0.05) in Salmonella recovery were also observed following crop removal and immediately following immersion chilling in two separate flocks. These results suggest that culture of skin samples obtained from the thoracic inlet region may be a viable alternative to the traditional whole carcass rinse method for sensitivity of Salmonella detection. Furthermore, these experiments provided some evidence that the majority of Salmonella cross-contamination of carcasses prior to immersion chilling occurred following evisceration, with the chill tank potentially providing a major site for cross-contamination between Salmonella-negative and -positive flocks. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, USDA, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Milk Specialties Co, Dundee, IL 60118 USA. RP Hargis, BM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 77 IS 8 BP 1253 EP 1257 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 106KY UT WOS:000075129500031 PM 9706097 ER PT J AU Yu, XC Atalla, RH AF Yu, XC Atalla, RH TI A staining technique for evaluating the pore structure variations of microcrystalline cellulose powders SO POWDER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pore structure; microcrystalline cellulose powder; staining technique ID CRYSTALLINITY AB A staining technique was developed for evaluating the pore structure of microcrystalline cellulose powders. This technique used two direct dyes as molecular probes and was based on the differences between the two dyes' molecular size and affinity for microcrystalline cellulose. Direct Blue 1 has a smaller molecular size and weaker affinity for microcrystalline cellulose compared to Direct Orange 15, which has a larger molecular size and stronger affinity. We used the ratio of adsorbed Direct Orange 15 to adsorbed Direct Blue 1 after 48 h staining [designated as (O/B)(48)] as the parameter for evaluating the pore structure variations between different microcrystalline cellulose powders. Seven microcrystalline cellulose samples of three different grades-Avicel PH-101, Avicel PH-102 and Avicel PH-103-were analyzed for their (O/B)(48) ratios, and significant differences were found. These differences are present primarily among different grades and secondly among different batches of the same grade. Among the three grades tested, it was found the their (O/B)(48) ratios have the following sequence: Avicel PH-103 > Avicel PH-101 > Avicel PH-102. This suggested that pore structure variations are significant among different microcrystalline celluloses of both different grades and batches, but the degree of variation between different batches is less than that between different grades of microcrystalline cellulose. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Yu, XC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem Engn, 1415 Johnson Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 12 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0032-5910 J9 POWDER TECHNOL JI Powder Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 98 IS 2 BP 135 EP 138 DI 10.1016/S0032-5910(98)00024-2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA ZZ096 UT WOS:000074695300006 ER PT J AU Schmugge, T Hook, SJ Coll, C AF Schmugge, T Hook, SJ Coll, C TI Recovering surface temperature and emissivity from thermal infrared multispectral data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; WINDOW AB In 1992 Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) data were acquired front the NASA C-130 aircraft over the Sahelian region of West Africa as part of the Hydrological and Atmospheric Pilot Experiment in the Sahel (HAPEX). TIMS measures the radiation front the surface modified by the atmosphere in six channels located be between 8 min and 12.5 mu m in the thermal infrared. By using a variety of techniques it is possible to extract both the surface temperature and surface emissivity front the areas over which TIMS data were acquired. One such technique was tested with the data aquired during this experiment. Several TIMS images of both the east and Ic;est central sites on 2 and 4 September were processed, mid the spectral behaviors of different land cover types were determined. These included tiger bush, millet, and fallow grassland sites. There was a 5-10 K difference ii the brightness temperature over the six channels Ir;hen significant bare soil was visible. Channels 1-3 (8.2-9.4 mu m) were cooler than the longer wavelength channels (9.6-12.5 mu m), which is characteristic of soils rich in quartz. These differences in brightness were converted to emissivity differences using the max-milt difference (MMD) method. This method relies on an empirical relationship observed between the range of emissivities and the minimum value for the six TIMS channels. The MMD method was applied iteratively to several entire sce,zes for the east central site on the two days with the interesting results that Channel 5 showed very little spatial variation in emissivity and the short wavelength channels observed substantial regions with emissivities of about 0.8 or le.ss. There is excellent reproducibility when the same area is seen in different lines on the same day. However, there are differences when the same area is seen on the two days especially for the low; emissivity values. Some of these differences may be due to soil moisture differences 2-3%, which were observed for the two days. The observed surface temperatures were in good agreement with other measures, for example, vegetation temperatures agreed well with the measured air temperatures. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USDA ARS, BARC W, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ Valencia, Fac Phys, Dept Thermodynam, Valencia, Spain. RP Schmugge, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC W, Hydrol Lab, Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM schmugge@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Coll, Cesar/I-7373-2015 OI Coll, Cesar/0000-0001-6665-3870 NR 43 TC 96 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 65 IS 2 BP 121 EP 131 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00023-6 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA ZZ767 UT WOS:000074765100001 ER PT J AU Pearson, JE AF Pearson, JE TI Central or national veterinary diagnostic laboratories SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE animal health; diagnosis; laboratories; standardisation AB Information on laboratory organisational structure and roles was gathered from twenty-four national veterinary diagnostic laboratories around the world. This information was used to develop an overview of the organisation and roles of the national veterinary diagnostic laboratory. In addition, the national diagnostic laboratory for the United States of America (the National Veterinary Services Laboratories) was used as an example to provide more information on the activities of such a laboratory. The survey revealed great variation in organisation and structure among the twenty-four laboratories. A few have only one facility, others function at multiple locations, and all have different supervisory reporting systems. However, these laboratories all form a significant part of the national veterinary infrastructure. All of the laboratories contacted in the survey report to (or are at least partially under the direction of) the Chief Veterinary Officer or another senior animal health official, and most report to the Ministry of Agriculture. The national veterinary diagnostic laboratories have similar roles, and are all responsible for foreign animal disease diagnosis and for providing support to national disease eradication or control programmes. Most also play an active role in import and export testing, either performing the tests themselves or developing a quality assurance programme for other laboratories that perform the testing. In addition, the national veterinary diagnostic laboratories usually undertake research and provide training, consultation, disease surveillance information and, in some cases, vaccine evaluation. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Pearson, JE (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, POB 844, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 17 IS 2 BP 411 EP 417 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 107TW UT WOS:000075226900003 PM 9713886 ER PT J AU Morgan, AP AF Morgan, AP TI Regulatory control of veterinary diagnostic test kits SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE diagnostic test kits; quality controls; regulations; standards AB Veterinary diagnostic test kits are used in clinical practice and production medicine as a basis for prescribing vaccination and/or treatment regime ns. These kits are also used by state and federal animal health officials to control or regulate the movement of animals. The regulation of such kits, which generally takes the form of establishing requirements for licensure, ensures that the kits conform to minimum standards for sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility. To qualify for licensing, diagnostic test kits should have consistent performance characteristics. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Morgan, AP (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Vet Biol, 4700 River Rd, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 17 IS 2 BP 562 EP 567 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 107TW UT WOS:000075226900012 PM 9713895 ER PT J AU Randall, DC AF Randall, DC TI Laboratories which produce veterinary vaccines SO REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE DE L OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES LA English DT Article DE animal health; biologicals; harmonisation; international organisations; vaccine production; vaccine regulation; veterinary medicine; veterinary vaccines AB Borders, continents and oceans no longer provide a significant barrier to the movement of goods and services. Under the regulations of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the World Trade Organisation, governments may no longer prevent the importation of veterinary vaccines without scientific proof that the product would pose a threat to the health and safety of the nation. The origins of production laboratories for veterinary vaccines and the management of those laboratories are as diverse as the government programmes by which they are regulated. Both processed-based and performance-based approaches can be equally effective in the quality assurance of products, Seven international and regulatory initiatives have been developed to review these regulatory systems and, where possible, to harmonise standards and/or recognise equivalents to ease the movement of products. Continued exchange of information on a regional and world-wide basis can ensure the quality and availability of veterinary vaccines for animal health programmes around the world. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Vet Biol,Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Randall, DC (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Vet Biol,Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, 510 S 17th St, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OFFICE INT EPIZOOTIES PI PARIS PA 12 RUE DE PRONY, 75017 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0253-1933 J9 REV SCI TECH OIE JI Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epizoot. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 17 IS 2 BP 568 EP 577 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 107TW UT WOS:000075226900013 PM 9713896 ER PT J AU Berrios, JD Swanson, BG Cheong, WA AF Berrios, JD Swanson, BG Cheong, WA TI Structural characteristics of stored black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) SO SCANNING LA English DT Article DE scanning electron microscopy; seed microstructure; black beans : Phaseolus vulgaris L.; hard-to-cook; storage ID SEED MICROSTRUCTURE; DRY BEANS; LEGUMES; IMBIBITION; STORAGE AB Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study and compare the structural characteristics of black beans after 2 years of storage under ambient conditions (AC) and refrigerated hypobaric conditions (RHC). The exterior surface of the seed coats of the black beans were covered with small flake-like materials randomly clustered together. The hilar regions of black beans stored under either AC or RHC were similar, and the "linea lucida" exhibited well defined double palisade cell layers in both bean treatments. Cross sections of the seed coats revealed that the parenchymal cell layers of the beans stored under AC were disrupted and frequently exhibited large intercellular spaces between the cell layers. The parenchymal cell layers of the beans stored under RHC demonstrated little disruption of the cell layers, with only occasional intercellular spaces between the cell layers. Cotyledon cross sections of black beans showed that the cotyledon cells of the beans stored under RHC exhibited many large intercellular spaces characteristic of normal beans. Conversely, cotyledon cross sections of the beans stored under AC exhibited cotyledon cells with few small intercellular spaces characteristic of hard-to-cook beans. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Berrios, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD AUG PY 1998 VL 20 IS 5 BP 410 EP 417 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 114YN UT WOS:000075636900007 ER PT J AU Schultz-Cherry, S Krug, RM Hinshaw, VS AF Schultz-Cherry, S Krug, RM Hinshaw, VS TI Induction of apoptosis by influenza virus SO SEMINARS IN VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; NS1 PROTEIN; MESSENGER-RNA; A VIRUS; NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC TRANSPORT; VITRONECTIN RECEPTOR; NUCLEAR EXPORT; U6 SNRNA; ACTIVATION; LYMPHOCYTES AB It has been postulated that virus-induced apoptosis is an important factor in pathogenesis caused by cytopathogenic viruses. Apoptosis is induced by both influenza A and influenza B viruses, which are cytopathogenic negative-strand RNA viruses. The importance of influenza Viruses as worldwide pathogens in humans and domestic animals is well recognized. In this report, we review the current state of knowledge of the mechanism(s) of influenza virus-induced apoptosis. Several cellular factors and at least one virus-specific protein, the nonstructural protein NS1, have been implicated in influenza virus-induced apoptosis. However, the mechanism(s) of influenza virus-induced apoptosis are not well understood at the present time. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Biochem, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Schultz-Cherry, S (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 45 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1044-5773 J9 SEMIN VIROL JI Semin. Virol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 8 IS 6 BP 491 EP 495 DI 10.1006/smvy.1998.0153 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 220YD UT WOS:000081695600006 ER PT J AU Kay-Shoemake, JL Watwood, ME Lentz, RD Sojka, RE AF Kay-Shoemake, JL Watwood, ME Lentz, RD Sojka, RE TI Polyacrylamide as an organic nitrogen source for soil microorganisms with potential effects on inorganic soil nitrogen in agricultural soil SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DEGRADATION; ACRYLAMIDE; POLYMERS AB Linear polyacrylamide(PAM) is gaining considerable acceptance as an effective anti-erosion additive in irrigation water. The potential effects of repeated PAM application on soil microbial ecology and the potential for biotransformation of this polymer in soils are not completely known. Untreated and PAM-treated soils (coarse-silty, mixed, mesic Durixeroilic Calciorthids) were collected from agricultural fields near Kimberly, ID. Soils were analyzed to determine the effects of PAM treatment on bacterial counts and inorganic N concentrations and the potential for PAM biotransformation. Culturable heterotrophic bacterial numbers were significantly elevated in PAM-treated soil for the plot planted to potatoes; this effect was not observed in the plot planted to dry pink beans. Total bacterial numbers, determined by AODC, were not altered by PAM treatment in any of the soils sampled. Polyacrylamide-treated soil planted to potatoes contained significantly higher concentrations of NO3- and NH3 (36.7 +/- 2.20 and 1.30 +/- 0.3 mg kg(-1), respectively) than did untreated soil (10.7 +/- 2.30 and 0.50 +/- 0.02 mg kg(-1), respectively). For bran held soil there was no difference between treated and untreated soil inorganic N concentrations. Enrichment cultures generated from PAM-treated and untreated soils utilized PAM as sole N source, but not as sole C source. While the monomeric constituents of PAM, acrylamide and acrylic acid, both supported bacterial growth as sole C source, the PAM polymer did not. Enrichment cultures that used PAM for N exhibited amidase activity specific for PAM as well as smaller aliphatic amides. Utilization of PAM for N, but not for C, indicates that ultimately PAM may be converted into long chain poly acrylate, which may be further degraded by physical and biological mechanisms or be incorporated into organic matter. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. RP Kay-Shoemake, JL (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Campus Box 8007, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. NR 21 TC 86 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 30 IS 8-9 BP 1045 EP 1052 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00250-2 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZY151 UT WOS:000074591400008 ER PT J AU Coyne, MS Zhai, Q Mackown, CT Barnhisel, RI AF Coyne, MS Zhai, Q Mackown, CT Barnhisel, RI TI Gross nitrogen transformation rates in soil at a surface coal mine site reclaimed for prime farmland use SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DILUTION TECHNIQUE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; N-15 ANALYSIS; MINERALIZATION; NITRATE; FOREST; IMMOBILIZATION; GRASSLAND; CARBON AB Organic wastes were used to increase N fertility at a surface mine reclamation site, with the ultimate goal to stimulate microbial activity and improve the reclaimed soil's chemical and physical properties. Gross N transformation rates are indicators of microbial activity but are undocumented in such reconstructed ecosystems. We measured gross nitrification, N mineralization and N immobilization in waste-amended and unamended soil using (15)N pool dilution techniques. Measurements were made in June, July and November 1993 at the reclamation site in western Kentucky, and compared to net N transformation rates. The premise that organic waste amendment stimulates microbial activity in reclaimed soils was supported by the data. Gross N mineralization, nitrification and immobilization rates were as much as 4.5 times greater in waste-amended soil than unamended soil. Gross N mineralization and nitrification rates and gross NH(4)(+) and NO(3)(-) immobilization rates were significantly greater than net rates in waste-amended and unamended soil. There was net immobilization of NH(4)(+) and NO(3)(-) in waste-amended soil, whereas there was net N mineralization in unamended soil. This was consistent with using substrates containing high C-to-N ratios. Reclamation practices created soil environments in which gross N transformation rates were of the same magnitude as those measured for less disturbed soil ecosystems. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Coyne, MS (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, N-122 Agr Sci Bldg, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 30 IS 8-9 BP 1099 EP 1106 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00202-2 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZY151 UT WOS:000074591400014 ER PT J AU Radke, JK Berry, EC AF Radke, JK Berry, EC TI Sore water and solute movement and bulk density changes in repacked soil columns as a result of freezing and thawing under field conditions SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil water; soil solutes; soil bulk density; freeze-thaw; Lumbricus terrestris; soil structure AB Freezing and thawing affect water and nutrient movement within soil profiles. Understanding the freezing and thawing processes and their effects on water movement and soil structure is necessary to develop improved management strategies. Experiments were conducted to measure the effects of freeze/thaw on soil water and solute movement in a Webster silty clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed mesic Typic Haplaquolls). Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cylinders (0.13 m inside diameter, 1.2 m long) were packed with topsoil, and potassium bromide tracer was placed in the top 0.05- to 0.15-m soil layers in some of the columns. The soil columns were buried vertically in the field and exposed to the winter freeze/thaw conditions at Ankeny, Iowa. Soil columns were removed from the field throughout the winter and sectioned into 0.05-m layers. Each layer was analyzed for water content, bulk density, and electrical conductivity, Water moved upward to the freezing zone, carrying some solutes along, Electrical conductivity values verified the movement of solutes during the freeze/thaw periods. Bulk density changed abruptly as a result of expansion and compression of the soil matrix during freeze/thaw periods. Thawed soil retained some of the physical property changes caused by freezing and remained more variable than unfrozen soil, Freezing action increases the heterogeneity of soil properties in the frozen zone. This additional variability increases the complexity of predicting overwinter changes in the soil profile and the difficulty of developing management practices for maximizing nutrient efficiency while minimizing pollution. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Radke, JK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 163 IS 8 BP 611 EP 624 DI 10.1097/00010694-199808000-00002 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 113YM UT WOS:000075581500002 ER PT J AU Timlin, D Pachepsky, Y AF Timlin, D Pachepsky, Y TI Measurement of unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivities using a ceramic cup tensiometer SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE one-step method; 2DSOIL; unsaturated flow ID OUTFLOW EXPERIMENTS; TIME AB The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a simple field method to determine unsaturated hydraulic conductivities using measurements of water nux into a tensiometer. The tensiometer consists of a ceramic cup glued to one end of a piece of plastic tubing. A suction is first applied to the inside of the tensiometer, which is closed to the atmosphere. The reduced pressure in the tensiometer causes water to now into the tensiometer from the soil. As the water flows into the tensiometer, the volume of air in the tensiometer decreases, and pressure increases. The rate of water now into the tensiometer, water nux, is calculated from the measured pressures using a form of the ideal. gas equation, PV = Constant, and its full differential, PdV/dt+VdP/dt = 0, where P is the measured pressure, and V is volume. The water nux is obtained from the change in volume with time, -dV/dt. The parameters for the unsaturated conductivity equation are determined by using a two-dimensional finite element soil model (2DSOIL) coupled with a Marquardt-Levenberg algorithm to fit calculated fluxes to measured ones. For comparison purposes, unsaturated hydraulic conductivities were also determined for the same soil within 25-cm-diameter rings from measured water contents and matric potentials during drainage for two locations. Fitted and measured fluxes agreed well. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivities obtained from the tensiometer in flow data, however, were much less than unsaturated hydraulic conductivities measured during drainage. We attributed the differences to anisotropy and scale effects although clogging of the tensiometer pores by fine soil material could also be a contributing factor. The method is relatively quick, uses inexpensive materials, provides consistent results and is not limited greatly by the conductivity of the cup. C1 ARS, USDA, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Duke Univ Phytotron, Durham, NC 27608 USA. RP Timlin, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Bldg 007,Rm 008,BARC-W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 163 IS 8 BP 625 EP 635 DI 10.1097/00010694-199808000-00003 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 113YM UT WOS:000075581500003 ER PT J AU Kennedy, I Sharratt, B AF Kennedy, I Sharratt, B TI Model comparisons to simulate soil frost depth SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE snow cover; soil freezing; soil thaw; frost penetration ID SIMULTANEOUS HEAT; WATER MODEL; TEMPERATURE; SYSTEM AB The depth and duration of soil freezing have important implications for the hydrology, biology, and chemistry of ecosystems. Four existing soil models capable of simulating subfreezing soil temperatures and frost depth were evaluated for their ability to predict the depth and timing of soil frost at sites in North America. The evaluation was carried out by comparing model simulations with field data collected in Alaska, characterized by a Cryaquept with grass cover, and in Minnesota, characterized by a Haploboroll with corn stubble. The SHAW and SOIL models employ a finite difference solution to assess heat now in the soil profile. Both models predicted frost depth with reasonable accuracy, at least when the simulated snow depth agreed with the recorded snow depth. The Benoit and Gusev models assess frost depth by balancing heat fluxes within the soil profile. These models generally overpredicted frost depth. The chief advantages of the simpler Benoit and Gusev models are the fewer data requirements and faster execution times compared with the SHAW and SOIL models. The latter two models, however, include provisions to reduce the data requirements by utilizing default data values in the simulation. The greater accuracy attained using the more sophisticated modem computer models may warrant their use for site-specific environmental applications. This study illustrates the difficulty of simulating snow cover, and, therefore, soil frost penetration, accurately. C1 ARS, USDA, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Sharratt, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 17 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 163 IS 8 BP 636 EP 645 DI 10.1097/00010694-199808000-00004 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 113YM UT WOS:000075581500004 ER PT J AU Shen, SY Pepper, GE Hassett, JJ Stucki, JW AF Shen, SY Pepper, GE Hassett, JJ Stucki, JW TI Acidity and aluminum toxicity caused by iron oxidation around anode bars SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil acidity; aluminum toxicity; anode bars; soil pH AB Soil acidity and aluminum toxicity are serious environmental problems often found in humid temperate and tropical regions or in areas with acid rain. Iron oxidation in soils can also cause high concentrations of H(+), which, in turn, causes an increase of Al(3+) in the soil solution. To examine this problem, a study was undertaken to discover the cause of crop damage in crops planted over buried anode bars. Anode bars are part of an impressed current cathodic protection system for pipelines near Decatur, Illinois. Soil samples were collected from the problem site and from a non-problem site for comparison. Results showed that Fe oxidation around anode bars at the problem site is stimulated by electric current, a situation that results in high concentrations of H(+) and reduces soil pH to less than 3.0. Under the low pH condition, the content of available Al is very high, and, therefore, the soil solution becomes toxic for soybean roots. Exchangeable Al was 360 to 700 ppm in soil immediately adjacent to anode bars but only 3 ppm in the soil midway between anode bars. The damage to the plants, such as reduced vegetative growth and lowered seed yield, developed in a circular pattern over the anode bars. Factors contributing to the problem were soil Fe content, rectifier voltage, and soil drainage. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sco, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Stucki, JW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sco, 317 Turner Hall,1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jstucki@uiuc.edu NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 163 IS 8 BP 657 EP 664 DI 10.1097/00010694-199808000-00006 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 113YM UT WOS:000075581500006 ER PT J AU Garcia, AM Walter, WM AF Garcia, AM Walter, WM TI Physicochemical characterization of starch from Peruvian sweetpotato selections SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article ID SWEET-POTATO STARCH; WATER SYSTEMS; GELATINIZATION; RETROGRADATION; RHEOMETRY AB Laboratory starches, isolated from seven sweetpotato selections grown at two locations in Peru, and commercially available Peruvian starch were characterized with regard to physicochemical properties. Chemical analyses included determination of nitrogen, ash, and amylose content. Physical characterization was based on results from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), swelling power, solubility, and rheology of the pastes. We found that nitrogen and amylose content were not affected by location or selection, while ash content was affected by location. Results from the DSC analysis showed that selection identity (SI) did not affect DSC enthalpy, onset, peak, and final temperatures. Location affected only peak temperature. Investigation of starch swelling power showed that SI and location did not affect swelling power above 75 degrees C, and that laboratory starch samples had greater swelling power than commercial samples. Solubility was affected by location, but not by SI. Maximum viscosities of heated starch slurries were not affected by SI or location. Although laboratory and commercial samples did not differ significantly in chemical composition, physical behavior of their pastes was significantly different. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. ASA Alimentos SA, Lima, Peru. RP Walter, WM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 24 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD AUG PY 1998 VL 50 IS 8 BP 331 EP 337 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-379X(199808)50:8<331::AID-STAR331>3.0.CO;2-J PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 126ME UT WOS:000076296600002 ER PT J AU Rousselle, MA Howley, PS AF Rousselle, MA Howley, PS TI Molecular weight of cotton cellulose: Effect of treatment with a total cellulase SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; FIBER; HYDROLYSIS AB Cotton fabric is treated with a total cellulase preparation in either a Launderometer or a reciprocal water bath/shaker for times ranging from 10 to 180 minutes. Control fabrics, buffer-only treated fabrics, and cellulase-treated fabrics are analyzed by gel permeation chromatography to determine peak, weight-average, and number-average molecular weights. The GPC data are compared to weight loss and breaking load measurements on control and treated fabrics. Despite considerable weight loss and breaking load reduction with the total cellulase treatment in the Launderometer, GPC analysis does not show a reduction in the molecular weight of the cellulose. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Rousselle, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 68 IS 8 BP 606 EP 610 DI 10.1177/004051759806800809 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 107RD UT WOS:000075222300009 ER PT J AU Harry, DE Temesgen, B Neale, DB AF Harry, DE Temesgen, B Neale, DB TI Codominant PCR-based markers for Pinus taeda developed from mapped cDNA clones SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE STS; codominant PCR marker; RFLP; loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.); comparative map ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; OUTBRED PEDIGREE; SMALL SUBUNIT; LINKAGE MAP; DNA MARKERS; MICROSATELLITES; RFLP; GENE; IDENTIFICATION AB We report a strategy for developing codominant PCR-based genetic markers by using sequenced cDNA clones from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). These clones were previously used as probes for detecting restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) to generate linkage maps. After assessing the complexity of banding patterns from Southern blots, we selected clones representing relatively simple gene families, and then determined nucleotide sequences for about 200 bp at each end of the cDNA inserts. Specific PCR primers were designed to amplify samples of genomic DNA derived from two loblolly pine mapping populations. Polymorphisms were detected after digesting the amplified DNA fragments with a battery of restriction endonucleases, and most polymorphisms were inherited in a Mendelian fashion. These newly identified genetic markers are codominant and relatively simple to use. By assaying DNA from individuals used to construct RFLP maps, we show that most of these markers map to the same position as the RFLP loci detected using their corresponding cDNAs as probes, implying that these markers have been converted from RFLP to PCR-based methods. These PCR-based markers will be useful for genome mapping and population genetics. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Inst Forest Genet, USDA Forest Serv, Dept Environm Hort, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. RP Neale, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Inst Forest Genet, USDA Forest Serv, Dept Environm Hort, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. EM dbneale@vcdavis.edu NR 35 TC 29 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 97 IS 3 BP 327 EP 336 DI 10.1007/s001220050903 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 119XW UT WOS:000075924600001 ER PT J AU Chen, ZJ Phillips, RL Rines, HW AF Chen, ZJ Phillips, RL Rines, HW TI Maize DNA enrichment by representational difference analysis in a maize chromosome addition line of oat SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE representational difference analysis (RDA); maize; oat; addition line; repetitive DNA sequence ID KNOB HETEROCHROMATIN; LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; GENETIC MAPS; ZEA-MAYS; GENOME; WHEAT; CLONING; ORGANIZATION; GRASSES; SORGHUM AB The recent recovery of maize (Zea mays L.) single-chromosome addition lines of oat (Avena sativa L.) from oat x maize crosses has provided novel source materials for the potential isolation of maize chromosome-specific sequences for use in genetic mapping and gene cloning. We report here the application of a technique, known as representational difference analysis (RDA), to selectively isolate maize sequences from a maize chromosome-3 addition line of oat. DNA fragments from the addition line and from the oat parent were prepared using BamHI digestion and primer ligation followed by PCR amplification. A subtractive hybridization technique using an excess of the oat parental DNA was employed to reduce the availability for amplification of DNA fragments from the addition lines that were in common with the ones from the oat parental line. After three rounds of hybridization and amplification, the resulting DNA fragments were cloned into a plasmid vector. A DNA library containing 400 clones was constructed by this method. In a test of 18 clones selected at random from this library, four (22%) detected maize-specific repetitive DNA sequences and nine (50%) showed strong hybridization to genomic DNA of maize but weak hybridization to genomic DNA of oat. Among these latter nine clones, three detected low-copy DNA sequences and two of them detected DNA sequences specific to chromosome 3 of maize, the chromosome retained in the source maize addition line of oat. The other eight out of the 13 clones that had strong hybridization to maize DNA detected repetitive DNA sequences or high-copy number sequences present on most or all maize chromosomes. We estimate that the maize DNA sequences were enriched from about 1.8% to over 72% of the total DNA by this procedure. Most of the isolated DNA fragments detected multiple or repeated DNA sequences in maize, indicating that the major part of the maize genome consists of repetitive DNA sequences that do not cross-hybridize to oat genomic sequences. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Chen, ZJ (reprint author), Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Campus Box 1137,1 Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM chen_j@biodec.wustl.edu NR 40 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 97 IS 3 BP 337 EP 344 DI 10.1007/s001220050904 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 119XW UT WOS:000075924600002 ER PT J AU Chen, XM Line, RF Leung, H AF Chen, XM Line, RF Leung, H TI Genome scanning for resistance-gene analogs in rice, barley, and wheat by high-resolution electrophoresis SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE candidate genes; disease resistance genes; germplasm diversity; host-pathogen interaction; molecular marker ID NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING SITE; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; SEEDLING RESISTANCE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; RUST RESISTANCE; AFLP MARKERS; PCR; CULTIVARS; RECEPTOR AB Genes cloned from diverse plants for resistance to different pathogens have sequence similarities in domains presumably involved in pathogen recognition and signal transduction in triggering the defense response. Primers based on the conserved regions of resistance genes often amplify multiple fragments that may not be separable in an agarose gel. We used denaturing polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis to detect PCR products of plant genomic DNA amplified with primers based on conserved regions of resistance genes. Depending upon the primer pairs used, 30-130 bands were detected in wheat, rice, and barley. As high as 47%, 40%, and 27% of the polymorphic bands were detected in rice, barley, and wheat, respectively, and as high as 12.5% of the polymorphic bands were detected by certain primers in progeny from a cross of the wheat cultivars 'Stephens' and 'Michigan Amber'. Using F-6 recombinant inbred lines from the 'Stephens' x 'Michigan Amber' cross, we demonstrated that polymorphic bands amplified with primers based on leucine-rich repeats, nucleotide-binding sites and protein kinase genes, were inherited as single loci. Linkages between molecular markers and stripe rust resistance genes were detected. This technique provides a new way to develop molecular markers for assessing the genetic diversity of germplasm based upon potential candidate resistance genes in diverse species. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Chen, XM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM xianming@mail.wsu.edu NR 36 TC 140 Z9 182 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 97 IS 3 BP 345 EP 355 DI 10.1007/s001220050905 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 119XW UT WOS:000075924600003 ER PT J AU Altenbach, SB AF Altenbach, SB TI Quantification of individual low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit transcripts in developing wheat grains by competitive RT-PCR SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE LMW glutenin subunit transcripts; competitive RT-PCR; wheat seed proteins; prolamines ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MESSENGER-RNA; GENE; DNA; QUANTITATION; PRIMERS; CLONES; BARLEY; LOCUS AB Oligonucleotide primers and competitive templates were developed so that competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques could be used to measure the accumulation of transcripts corresponding to individual low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) genes in developing wheat (Triticum aestivum) grains. Primers were based on LMW-GS genes previously cloned and sequenced from the cultivar 'Cheyenne' or on the N-terminal amino acid sequences of the major LMW-GSs accumulated in the cultivar 'Yecoro Rojo'. Competitive templates varied from the LMW-GS target genes by either a restriction site or a small deletion between the primer binding sites. Amounts of individual LMW-GS transcripts were quantified by titrating the amplification products produced from RT-PCR of RNA against amplification products produced from known amounts of the corresponding competitive template. Competitive RT-PCR analysis revealed that transcripts for the different LMW-GS genes varied only 4.5-fold in their levels of accumulation in developing 'Cheyenne' grains 15 days post-anthesis (DPA). Nucleotide sequencing of two of the amplification products revealed LMW-GS genes not previously described in 'Cheyenne'. Both of these genes encode proteins with a single cysteine residue in the repetitive region. Clones corresponding to these new sequences were not represented in a cDNA library prepared from 'Cheyenne' endosperm RNA even though the sequences were abundant in developing seeds and present in the RNA population from which the library was prepared. Competitive RT-PCR was shown to be a sensitive method for quantifying the expression of closely related members of complex gene families that cannot be readily distinguished by hybridization analysis. Such techniques should provide insight into the regulation of LMW-GS genes that are critical for wheat flour quality. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Altenbach, SB (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 97 IS 3 BP 413 EP 421 DI 10.1007/s001220050911 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 119XW UT WOS:000075924600009 ER PT J AU Chavarriaga-Aguirre, P Maya, MM Bonierbale, MW Kresovich, S Fregene, MA Tohme, J Kochert, G AF Chavarriaga-Aguirre, P Maya, MM Bonierbale, MW Kresovich, S Fregene, MA Tohme, J Kochert, G TI Microsatellites in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz): discovery, inheritance and variability SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Cassava; microsatellites; fluorescence-based genotyping; heterozygosity; linkage ID SIZING TECHNOLOGY; DNA MARKERS; SEQUENCES; ABUNDANCE; LOCI; IDENTIFICATION; CULTIVARS; ALLELES; REPEATS; MOTIFS AB Fourteen microsatellites containing GA-repeats were isolated and characterized in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz, Euphorbiaceae). Microsatellite heterozygosity (h) was estimated in 48 accessions using (P-32)-end-labeled primers and in more than 500 accessions using fluorescence-based genotyping. Heterozygosity values ranged from 0.00 to 0.88 and the number of alleles detected varied from 1 to 15. The reproducibility of allele sizing was also assessed using fluorescence-based genotyping. The average inter-gel size difference was 1.03 nucleotides. Chi-square tests (chi(2)) were performed to analyse segregation distortion and the linkage between alleles segregating from either or both parents in an F-1 mapping population. Most microsatellite loci segregated in the expected 1:1, 1:2:1 or 1:1:1:1 ratio. Linkage was detected between loci segregating from either parent, and segregation distortion from the male parent was detected for locus GA-131. Approximately 80% of the microsatellites detected one or two alleles per accession, suggesting a low degree of microsatellite locus duplication, an unexpected finding for a putative allopolyploid, highly heterozygous species. The high h values of most microsatellites, their amplification in other Manihot taxa and their suitability for high-throughput, fluorescence-based genotyping, make microsatellites the marker of choice for germplasm characterization and saturation of the cassava map. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Bot, Athens, GA 30605 USA. CIAT, Cassava Program, Cali, Colombia. Univ Georgia, USDA, ARS, Plant Genet Resources Conservat Unit, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. CIAT, Biotechnol Res Unit, Cali, Colombia. RP Kochert, G (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Bot, 2502 Plant Sci, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 44 TC 70 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 97 IS 3 BP 493 EP 501 DI 10.1007/s001220050922 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 119XW UT WOS:000075924600020 ER PT J AU Tyree, MT Patino, S Becker, P AF Tyree, MT Patino, S Becker, P TI Vulnerability to drought-induced embolism of Bornean heath and dipterocarp forest trees SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Forests at the Limit - Environmental Constraints on Forest Function CY MAY 11-17, 1997 CL SKUKUZA, SOUTH AFRICA SP Council Sci & Ind Res, Int Union Forest Res Org DE air-injection technique; tropical forest; water stress ID XYLEM EMBOLISM; HYDRAULIC ARCHITECTURE; WATER-STRESS; WOODY-PLANTS; PRESSURE; OCCIDENTALIS; SEGMENTATION; CONDUCTANCE; DYSFUNCTION; CAVITATION AB Occasional droughts may be important in controlling the distribution and structure of forest types in relatively aseasonal north Borneo. The low water retention capacity of the coarse, sandy soils on which tropical heath forest occurs may cause drought to develop more quickly and severely than on the finer textured soils of nearby dipterocarp forest. Resistance to drought-induced embolism is considered an important component of drought tolerance. We constructed embolism vulnerability curves relating loss in hydraulic conductivity to xylem tension by the air-injection method for understory trees of 14 species from both tropical heath and mixed dipterocarp forests in Brunei Darussalam. There was no significant difference (Mann-Whitney U-test, P = 0.11) between forest types in the xylem tension at which 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity occurred. Most species from both forest types were highly vulnerable to embolism compared with species from seasonal tropical forests. We speculate that other mechanisms, such as stomatal control to prevent development of embolism-inducing xylem tensions: are more cost-effective adaptations against occasional drought, but that the attendant reduction in productivity and competitive ability places a greater premium on resistance to embolism when drought is annual and predictable. C1 Univ Brunei Darussalam, Dept Biol, Gadong BE1410, Brunei. USDA, Forest Serv, Aiken Forestry Sci Lab, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Becker, P (reprint author), Univ Brunei Darussalam, Dept Biol, Gadong BE1410, Brunei. NR 45 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 10 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD AUG-SEP PY 1998 VL 18 IS 8-9 BP 583 EP 588 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 113XY UT WOS:000075580200012 ER PT J AU Shafer, SR Blum, U Horton, SJ Hesterberg, DL AF Shafer, SR Blum, U Horton, SJ Hesterberg, DL TI Biomass of tomato seedlings exposed to an allelopathic phenolic acid and enriched atmospheric carbon dioxide SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE global change; community ecology; interference ID CUCUMBER LEAF EXPANSION; FERULIC ACID; PLANT-RESPONSES; CO2 ENRICHMENT; ELEVATED CO2; NUTRIENT CULTURE; RESOURCE USE; INHIBITION; ANNUALS; GROWTH AB Increased atmospheric CO2 can affect plant growth, so competition among plants may be influenced. Allelopathy is one mechanism involved in plant competition. Experiments were conducted in a controlled-environment chamber to determine if the concentration of atmospheric CO2 altered the dose-response relationship between an allelopathic phenolic acid and tomato seedling biomass. Seeds of Lycopersicon lycopersicum were planted in quartz sand in styrofoam cups and allowed to germinate and grow for 15-17 days. During the next 14 days, seedlings were watered twice daily with nutrient solution amended with p-coumaric acid (4-hydroxycinnamic acid, HOC6H4CH = CHCO2H; ranging 0-0.85 mg mL(-1); 5 concentrations in each experiment) and exposed 24 hr day(-1) in continuous-stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) to ambient air (335-375 ppm CO2) or ambient air to which 350 ppm CO2 was added (i.e., approximately twice-ambient CO2; two CSTRs per CO2 concentration in each experiment). Dose-response data relating p-coumaric acid concentration and shoot, root, and total biomass were fit to a flexible decay function. In all three experiments, twice-ambient CO2 significantly increased the y-intercept for the dose-response model for the p-coumaric acid effect on shoot biomass by 25-50% but had negligible effects on other aspects of the models. Results suggest that if CO2 affects plant competition, mechanisms involving allelopathic phenolic acids may not be involved. C1 ARS, USDA, Air Qual Program, Dept Plant Pathol,Air Qual Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Shafer, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Air Qual Program, Dept Plant Pathol,Air Qual Res Unit, Plant Sci Res Bldg,3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 106 IS 1-2 BP 123 EP 136 DI 10.1023/A:1004944731826 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 111VT UT WOS:000075459700007 ER PT J AU Barrows, SE Storer, JW Cramer, CJ French, AD Truhlar, DG AF Barrows, SE Storer, JW Cramer, CJ French, AD Truhlar, DG TI Factors controlling, relative stability of anomers and hydroxymethyl conformers of glucopyranose SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE anomer; conformational analysis; glucose; molecular orbital theory; molecular modeling; quantum mechanics; solvation; stereoelectronic effects; sugars ID MOLECULAR ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIALS; INTRAMOLECULAR HYDROGEN-BONDS; MECHANICAL SOLVATION MODEL; FORCE-FIELD; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; FREE-ENERGIES; D-GLUCOSE; AB-INITIO; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS AB The relative energies of 11 different conformers of D-glucose, including different exo-anomeric orientations and at least one of each hydroxymethyl conformer (G(-), G(+), and T) for each of the two anomeric forms (alpha and beta), were calculated at much more complete levels of quantum mechanical (QM) electronic structure theory than previously available, and relative free energies in solution were calculated by adding rotational, vibrational, and aqueous solvation effects. The gas-phase results are based on very large basis sets (up to 624 contracted basis functions) and the coupled cluster method for electron correlation. Solvation Model 5.4/AM1 was used to calculate the effects of aqueous solvation. Factors contributing to the relative energies of these conformers have been analyzed. Relative energies varied considerably (up to 4.5 kcal/mol), depending on the theoretical level, and different levels of theory disagreed as to which anomer was lower in energy. The highest-level gas-phase calculations predicted the alpha-anomer to be lower in free energy by 0.4 kcal/mol (Boltzmann average). Gas-phase energies from several different classical force fields were compared to QM results. The QM structures optimized at the MP2/cc-pVDZ level of theory compared well with experiment for three different crystal structures. In water, the beta-anomers were better solvated than the alpha-anomers by 0.6 kcal/mol (Boltzmann average). Contributions of individual hydrophilic groups to the solvation free energies were analyzed. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Inst Supercomp, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. USDA, ARS, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Cramer, CJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, 207 Pleasant St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI Truhlar, Donald/G-7076-2015; Cramer, Christopher/B-6179-2011 OI Truhlar, Donald/0000-0002-7742-7294; Cramer, Christopher/0000-0001-5048-1859 NR 89 TC 122 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0192-8651 J9 J COMPUT CHEM JI J. Comput. Chem. PD JUL 30 PY 1998 VL 19 IS 10 BP 1111 EP 1129 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-987X(19980730)19:10<1111::AID-JCC1>3.3.CO;2-4 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZW718 UT WOS:000074440800003 ER PT J AU Belofsky, GN Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT Dowd, PF AF Belofsky, GN Gloer, JB Wicklow, DT Dowd, PF TI Shearamide A: A new cyclic peptide from the ascostromata of Eupenicillium shearii SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE biologically active compound; fungi; natural product; cyclic peptide ID ANTIINSECTAN AB A new antiinsectan cyclic peptide (3) was isolated from the ascostromata of Eupenicillium shearii (NRRL 3324). The structure was determined by analysis of NMR and FABMS data. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioact Agents Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gloer, JB (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 1998 VL 39 IS 31 BP 5497 EP 5500 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(98)01161-7 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 100TP UT WOS:000074831700013 ER PT J AU Knowe, SA Foster, GS Rousseau, RJ Nance, WL AF Knowe, SA Foster, GS Rousseau, RJ Nance, WL TI Height-age and height-diameter relationships for monocultures and mixtures of eastern cottonwood clones SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Populus deltoides; height growth; relative height; relative diameter; intergenotypic competition ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; DOUGLAS-FIR; SITE INDEX; GROWTH; COMPETITION; PLANTATIONS; RADIATION; MODEL; TREES AB Data from an eastern cottonwood clonal mixing study in Mississippi and Kentucky, USA, were used to test the effects of planting locations and genetics (clonal proportions) on height-age and height-dbh functions. Planting locations, which accounted for 5.6% of the variation in observed dominant height growth (p = 0.0001), were more important than clonal proportions, which accounted for only 1.0% of the variation (p = 0.0077). Interactions between clones in mixtures were not significant (p = 0.9178), but three cases of over- and undercompensation paralleled those observed for basal area, Planting locations were associated with differences in maximum height in the height-dbh function and clonal proportions were associated with differences in height of trees with smaller than average dbh. Although statistically significant, the effects of planting locations and clonal proportions were not important enough to incorporate into the final height-dbh model. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, So Forest Expt Stn, Huntsville, AL 35762 USA. Westvaco, Wickliffe, KY 42087 USA. US Forest Serv, So Forest Expt Stn, Gulfport, MS 39505 USA. RP Knowe, SA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 27 PY 1998 VL 106 IS 2-3 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00307-1 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZQ896 UT WOS:000073913900006 ER PT J AU Brockway, DG Outcalt, KW AF Brockway, DG Outcalt, KW TI Gap-phase regeneration in longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystems SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE Pinus palustris Mill.; Aristida stricta Michx.; uneven-aged forest; disturbance; canopy gaps; root gaps ID OLD-GROWTH FOREST; CANOPY GAPS; TROPICAL FOREST; TREEFALL GAPS; SUB-ALPINE; CENTRAL FLORIDA; MAPLE FOREST; RAIN-FOREST; SUGAR MAPLE; DYNAMICS AB Naturally regenerated seedlings of longleaf pine are typically observed to cluster in the center of tree fall canopy gaps and be encircled by a wide zone from which they are generally excluded. Twelve representative canopy gaps distributed across 600 ha of a naturally regenerated uneven-aged longleaf pine forest in the sandhills of north central Florida were examined to determine which aboveground and belowground factors are responsible for development of this seedling exclusionary zone. Within 12 m of adult trees growing along the gap edge, significantly fewer longleaf pine seedlings were present, The canopy of overstory trees, however, extended only 4-5 m into the gap. The relatively open structure of the longleaf pine canopy (57% cover) allowed photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) to be evenly distributed upon the forest floor across each canopy gap. Thus, light avail-ability was not related to pine seedling clustering near gap centers, Significantly greater forest litter mass beneath adult trees (5 Mg ha(-1)) could result in fires more intense than would be supported by the litter mass near gap centers (2.5 Mg ha(-1)). However, litter mass was significantly elevated only within 4 m of the gap edge. The fine root biomass within 12 m of the gap edge (3-4.5 Mg ha(-1)) was two to six times that measured near the gap center and most closely coincided with the width of the seedling exclusionary zone along the margin of each gap. Thus, while the canopy of adjacent adult trees may indirectly influence seedling mortality through deposition of needle litter and greater fire intensity within 4 m of the gap edge, the root systems of these adults also appear to directly compete with seedlings within 12-16 m of the gap edge for limited site resources, To effectively regenerate and sustain longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystems, caution should be used in prescribing single-tree selection harvest methods so as not to create gap openings so small (< 30 m diameter) that intraspecific competition from adult toes totally excludes seedlings. Group selection methods may prove more effective in creating canopy gaps of sizes suitable (greater than or equal to 40 m diameter) for ensuring that intraspecific competition from adults is maintained at a level which allows for survival and growth of seedlings. Shelterwood and deferment methods may also prove useful where more open canopy conditions are desired. However, the pine seedlings' need for light cannot be used as an appropriate rationale for application of clearcutting methods. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. US Forest Serv, Intens Management Practices Assessment Ctr, So Res Stn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Brockway, DG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 2205 Columbia Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 102 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 27 PY 1998 VL 106 IS 2-3 BP 125 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00308-3 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZQ896 UT WOS:000073913900007 ER PT J AU Humpf, HU Schmelz, EM Meredith, FI Vesper, H Vales, TR Wang, E Menaldino, DS Liotta, DC Merrill, AH AF Humpf, HU Schmelz, EM Meredith, FI Vesper, H Vales, TR Wang, E Menaldino, DS Liotta, DC Merrill, AH TI Acylation of naturally occurring and synthetic 1-deoxysphinganines by ceramide synthase - Formation of N-palmitoyl-aminopentol produces a toxic metabolite of hydrolyzed fumonisin, AP(1), and a new category of ceramide synthase inhibitor SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NOVO SPHINGOLIPID BIOSYNTHESIS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; SPHINGOSINE; CYTOTOXICITY; BASES; CELLS; CORN; SPHINGANINE; MYCOTOXINS AB Fumonisin B-1 (FB1) is the predominant member of a family of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme (Sheldon) and related fungi. Certain foods also contain the aminopentol backbone (AP(1)) that is formed upon base hydrolysis of the ester-linked tricarballylic acids of FB,. Both FB, and, to a lesser extent, AP(1) inhibit ceramide synthase due to structural similarities between fumonisins (as 1-deoxy-analogs of sphinganine) and sphingoid bases. To explore these structure-function relationships further, erythro- and threo-2-amino, 3-hydroxy- (and 3, 5-dihydroxy-) octadecanes were prepared by highly stereoselective syntheses. All of these analogs inhibit the acylation of sphingoid bases by ceramide synthase, and are themselves acylated with V-max/K-m of 40-125 for the erythro-isomers (compared with approximately 250 for D-erythro-sphinganine) and 4-6 for the threo-isomers. Ceramide synthase also acylates AP(1) (but not FB,, under the conditions tested) to N-palmitoyl-AP(1) (PAP(1)) with a V-max/K-m of approximately 1. The toxicity of PAP(1) was evaluated using HT29 cells, a human colonic cell line. PAP(1) was at least 10 times more toxic than FB, or AP(1) and caused sphinganine accumulation as an inhibitor of ceramide synthase. These studies demonstrate that: the 1-hydroxyl group is not required for sphingoid bases to be acylated; both erythro- and threo isomers are acylated with the highest apparent V-max/K-m for the erythro-analogs; and AP(1) is acylated to PAP(1), a new category of ceramide synthase inhibitor as well as a toxic metabolite that may play a role in the diseases caused by fumonisins. C1 Univ Wurzburg, Lehrstuhl Lebensmittelchem, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Humpf, HU (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Lehrstuhl Lebensmittelchem, Hubland, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. EM amerril@emory.edu RI Schmelz, Eva/E-6579-2012 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 46368] NR 38 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 24 PY 1998 VL 273 IS 30 BP 19060 EP 19064 DI 10.1074/jbc.273.30.19060 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 103TV UT WOS:000074974700055 PM 9668088 ER PT J AU Bean, SR Bietz, JA Lookhart, GL AF Bean, SR Bietz, JA Lookhart, GL TI High-performance capillary electrophoresis of cereal proteins SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Review DE reviews; food analysis; proteins; prolamines; glutelins; gliadins ID WEIGHT GLUTENIN SUBUNITS; WHEAT VARIETAL IDENTIFICATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHTS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; SEPARATION; GLIADIN; CULTIVARS AB Cereal grains are widely used for human foods and animal feeds throughout the world. Cereals provide dietary protein, which also often has a functional role, as wheat gluten does in bread. Cereal proteins are unique in many ways: they are highly complex and heterogeneous, are often difficult to extract, and aggregate readily, making them difficult to characterize. Because of the economic importance and widespread use of cereal proteins, however, many techniques have been used for their analysis. High-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) is one of the newest techniques to be so used. This review describes the development of charge- and size-based HPCE methods for analysis of cereal grain proteins, and the use of these methods for cultivar identification, classification, and prediction of quality. HPCE is versatile, rapid, easily automated, readily quantified, and provides high-resolution separations. Clearly, HPCE is a valuable addition to other methods of cereal protein analysis and should, in time, be applicable to all protein classes from all cereals. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA, ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Lookhart, GL (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA, ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 90 TC 56 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 24 PY 1998 VL 814 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 41 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00437-3 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 106XH UT WOS:000075176200002 PM 9718685 ER PT J AU Skiles, JW Richardson, CW AF Skiles, JW Richardson, CW TI A stochastic weather generation model for Alaska SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE ecosystem simulation; weather generator; Alaska ID SOLAR-RADIATION; TEMPERATURE AB A specific problem encountered in ecosystem-level simulation of Arctic ecosystems is the depth and extent of the driving variable record. Often, climate records are of short duration, gathered at locations different from the area to be simulated. or do not contain all the variables required by a given model. This paper addresses this problem for ecosystem simulation in Alaska with the development of a weather generator. The generator, called WGENAL, is based on the WGEN climate generator developed and validated in the 48 conterminous states. Because of the extreme variability of weather in Alaska that is not accommodated by the statistical metrics in the earlier model, a new climate generator was developed. WGENAL generates daily values of precipitation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, solar radiation, and wind run. Precipitation is generated using a Markov chain-gamma model. A two-parameter gamma distribution is used to generate wind run. Temperatures and solar radiation are generated using procedures developed in the earlier study. Validation of the generator shows it provides adequate diurnal and seasonal weather records for Fairbanks. Other comparisons of synthetic weather with observed weather for sites north of the Brooks Range in Alaska are also within the error of the original data. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Johnson Control World Serv, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Skiles, JW (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Johnson Control World Serv, Mail Stop 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL 22 PY 1998 VL 110 IS 3 BP 211 EP 232 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(98)00061-1 PG 22 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 111DE UT WOS:000075421400001 ER PT J AU Lu, JMY Bush, DR AF Lu, JMY Bush, DR TI His-65 in the proton-sucrose symporter is an essential amino acid whose modification with site-directed mutagenesis increases transport activity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MEMBRANE VESICLES; BETA-VULGARIS L; SUGAR-BEET; STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SUBSTRATE RECOGNITION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; COMPANION CELLS; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN AB The proton-sucrose symporter that mediates phloem loading is a key component of assimilate partitioning in many higher plants. Previous biochemical investigations showed that a diethyl pyrocarbonate-sensitive histidine residue is at or near the substrate-binding site of the symporter. Among the proton-sucrose symporters cloned to date, only the histidine residue at position 65 of AtSUC1 from Arabidopsis thaliana is conserved across species. To test whether His-65 is involved in the transport reaction, we have used site-directed mutagenesis and functional expression in yeast to determine the significance of this residue in the reaction mechanism. Symporters with mutations at His-65 exhibited a range of activities; for example, the H65C mutant resulted in the complete loss of transport capacity, whereas H65Q was almost as active as wild type. Surprisingly, the H65K and H65R symporters transport sucrose at significantly higher rates (increased V-max) than the wild-type symporter, suggesting His-65 may be associated with a rate-limiting step in the transport reaction. RNA gel blot and protein blot analyses showed that, with the exception of H65C, the variation in transport activity was not because of alterations in steady-state levels of mRNA or symporter protein. Significantly those symporters with substitutions of His-65 that remained transport competent were no longer sensitive to inactivation by diethyl pyrocarbonate, demonstrating that this is the inhibitor-sensitive histidine residue, Taken together with our previous results, these data show that His-65 is involved in sucrose binding, and increased rates of transport implicate this region of the protein in the transport reaction. C1 Univ Illinois, Photosynth Res Unit, USDA, ARS,Madigan Labs 190, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Univ Illinois, Photosynth Res Unit, USDA, ARS,Madigan Labs 190, 1201 W Gregory, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM dbush@uiuc.edu NR 42 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 21 PY 1998 VL 95 IS 15 BP 9025 EP 9030 DI 10.1073/pnas.95.15.9025 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 103EA UT WOS:000075143900109 PM 9671798 ER PT J AU Pan, ZQ Camara, B Gardner, HW Backhaus, RA AF Pan, ZQ Camara, B Gardner, HW Backhaus, RA TI Aspirin inhibition and acetylation of the plant cytochrome P450, allene oxide synthase, resembles that of animal prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SALICYLIC-ACID SIGNAL; NF-KAPPA-B; JASMONIC ACID; HYDROPEROXIDE LYASE; SODIUM-SALICYLATE; GENE DISRUPTION; TOMATO LEAVES; GLYCINE-MAX; BIOSYNTHESIS; PATHWAY AB The enzymatic reactions leading to octadecanoid lipid signaling intermediates in plants are similar to those of animals and are inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as salicylic acid and aspirin. In animals, NSAIDs inhibit the cyclooxygenase (COX) activity of prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase, which ultimately blocks the formation of prostaglandins. In plants, NSAIDs block the formation of 12-oxophytodienoic acid and jasmonates, which are the equivalent signaling compounds. In this study we show that NSAIDs act as competitive inhibitors of allene oxide synthase (AOS), the cytochrome P450 that initiates plant oxylipin synthesis. We also show that aspirin causes the time-dependent inhibition and acetylation of AOS, which leads the irreversible inactivation of this enzyme. This inhibition and acetylation superficially resembles that observed for the inactivation of COX in animals. In AOS, aspirin acetylates three serine residues near the C-terminal region that appear to be highly conserved among AOS sequences from other plants but are not conserved among "classical" type P450s. The role of these serine residues is unclear. Unlike animal COX, where acetylation of a single serine residue within the substrate channel leads to inactivation of prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase, the three serine residues in AOS are not thought to line the putative substrate channel. Thus, inhibition by aspirin may be by a different mechanism. It is possible that aspirin and related NSAIDs could inhibit other P450s that have motifs similar to AOS and consequently serve as potential biochemical targets for this class of drugs. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. CNRS, Inst Biol Mol Plantes, F-67084 Strasbourg, France. ARS, USDA, Peoria, IL 61064 USA. RP Backhaus, RA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, Box 871601, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. NR 53 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 17 PY 1998 VL 273 IS 29 BP 18139 EP 18145 DI 10.1074/jbc.273.29.18139 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 100RE UT WOS:000074828500027 PM 9660772 ER PT J AU Davies, PR Morrow, WEM Deen, J Gamble, HR Patton, S AF Davies, PR Morrow, WEM Deen, J Gamble, HR Patton, S TI Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spiralis in finishing swine raised in different production systems in North Carolina, USA SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Trichinella spiralis; Toxoplasma gondii; pig parasitological diseases; production systems ID SEROLOGIC TESTS; UNITED-STATES; TISSUE CYSTS; RISK-FACTORS; TRANSMISSION; TRICHINOSIS; FARMS; PIGS; INFECTION; ILLINOIS AB We compared the seroprevalence of both Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spiralis in finishing pigs raised in different production systems in North Carolina, USA. Farms were either finishing sites using all-in/all-out management of buildings in multiple-site systems (14 farms) or farrow-to-finish systems using continuous-flow management of finishing barns or outdoor accommodation (14 farms). The two groups of herds differed with respect to several management variables. A total of 13 of 2238 samples (0.58%) were positive for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii using the modified agglutination test. Of these, 12 were from 63 pigs sampled on a farm where finishing pigs were kept on pasture, Only one of 1752 (0.057%) samples from pigs kept in total confinement systems was seropositive. Only one pig of 2183 (0.046%) tested positive by ELISA for antibodies against T. spiralis. In this region, management practices in modern production systems appear to be adequate to virtually eliminate the risk of infection of finishing pigs with both T. gondii and T. spiralis. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Food Anim & Equine Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USDA ARS, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Comparat Med, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. RP Davies, PR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Food Anim & Equine Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NR 39 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JUL 17 PY 1998 VL 36 IS 1 BP 67 EP 76 DI 10.1016/S0167-5877(98)00072-5 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA ZY264 UT WOS:000074602700006 PM 9677628 ER PT J AU Wormald, MR Nash, RJ Hrnciar, P White, JD Molyneux, RJ Fleet, GWJ AF Wormald, MR Nash, RJ Hrnciar, P White, JD Molyneux, RJ Fleet, GWJ TI Configurational and conformational analysis of highly oxygenated pyrrolizidines: definitive identification of same naturally occurring 7a-epi-alexines SO TETRAHEDRON-ASYMMETRY LA English DT Article ID RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CASTANOSPERMUM-AUSTRALE AB The NMR spectra of a number of naturally occurring alexines (tetrahydroxylated pyrrolizidine alkaloids) are analyzed and the consequences of changes in the configuration on the conformation of these bicyclic systems discussed. Unambiguous syntheses of australine (7-epi-alexine) and of 7,7a-epi-alexine have now unequivocally established the structures of two natural products isolated from Castanospermum australe which were insecure due to erroneous NMR data. Chemical shift parameters are unreliable as a method of comparing different samples of identical compounds; however,H-1-H-1 three bond coupling constants ((3)J(HH)) provide easy direct comparison between samples and allow assignments of both the relative configurations for the ring protons and the conformation of the pyrrolizidine framework. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Biochem, Oxford Glycobiol Inst, Oxford OX1 3QU, England. Inst Grassland & Environm Res, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, Dyfed, Wales. Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. Univ Oxford, Dyson Perrins Lab, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. RP Wormald, MR (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Biochem, Oxford Glycobiol Inst, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QU, England. RI Wormald, Mark/G-2785-2011 OI Wormald, Mark/0000-0002-4853-2773 NR 12 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0957-4166 J9 TETRAHEDRON-ASYMMETR JI Tetrahedron: Asymmetry PD JUL 17 PY 1998 VL 9 IS 14 BP 2549 EP 2558 DI 10.1016/S0957-4166(98)00254-7 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 108AB UT WOS:000075242700016 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, IH AF Rosenberg, IH TI Let's get physical SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONTROLLED TRIAL; STRENGTH; MUSCLE C1 USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rosenberg, IH (reprint author), USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 129 IS 2 BP 133 EP 134 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 101CL UT WOS:000074852000010 PM 9669973 ER PT J AU Toroser, D Huber, SC AF Toroser, D Huber, SC TI 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase kinase and sucrose-phosphate synthase kinase activities in cauliflower florets: Ca2+ dependence and substrate specificities SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE protein kinase; 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase; Brassica oleracea; sucrose-phosphate synthase; phosphorylation motif ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; COENZYME-A REDUCTASE; ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; HEVEA-BRASILIENSIS; NITRATE REDUCTASE; PHOSPHORYLATION; CDNA; YEAST AB Plant 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR; EC 1.1.1.34) and sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS; EC 2.4.1.14) and synthetic peptides designed from the known phosphorylation sites of plant HMGR (SAMS*: KSHMKYNRSTKDVK), rat acetyl-CoA carboxylase (SAMS: HMRSAMZSGLHLVKRR), spinach SPS (SP2: GRRJRRISSVEJJDKK), and spinach NADH:nitrate reductase (NR6: GPTLKRTASTPFJNTTSK) were used to characterize kinase activities from cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) inflorescences, The three major peaks of protein kinase activity resolved by anion-exchange FPLC are homologs of those observed previously in spinach leaves and thus are designated PKI, PKIV and PKIII listed in order of elution, PKIV was the most active in terms of phosphorylation and inactivation of recombinant Nicotiana HMGR and was also strictly Ca2+ dependent. The novel aspects are that PKIII has not been detected in previous cauliflower studies, that SAMS* is a more specific peptide substrate to identify potential HMGR kinases, and that the major HMGR kinase in cauliflower is Ca2+ dependent. Of the three major kinases that phosphorylated the SP2 peptide only PK, (partially Ca2+ sensitive) and PKIII (Ca2+ insensitive) inactivated native spinach leaf SPS, Cauliflower extracts contained endogenous SPS that was inactivated by endogenous kinase(s) in an ATP-dependent manner and this may be one of the substrate target proteins for PKI and/or PKIII. The substrate specificity of the three kinase peaks was studied using synthetic peptide variants of the SP2 sequence, All three kinases had a strong preference for peptides with a basic residue at P-6 las in SP2 and SAMS*; SAMS has a free amino terminus at this position) or a Pro at P-7 las in NR6), This requirement for certain residues at P-6 or P-7 was not recognized in earlier studies but appears to be a general requirement. In plant HMGR, a conserved His residue at P-6 is involved directly in catalysis and this may explain why substrates reduced HMGR phosphorylation in vitro. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, 3127 Ligon St, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. NR 52 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 355 IS 2 BP 291 EP 300 DI 10.1006/abbi.1998.0740 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 108MF UT WOS:000075269600023 PM 9675040 ER PT J AU Cotta, MA Whitehead, TR Wheeler, MB AF Cotta, MA Whitehead, TR Wheeler, MB TI Identification of a novel adenylate cyclase in the ruminal anaerobe, Prevotella ruminicola D31d SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE adenylate cyclase; cyclic adenosine monophosphate; Prevotella ruminicola; rumen; anaerobe ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CYCLIC-AMP; CLONING; GENE AB Our previous evaluation of ruminal and other anaerobic bacteria showed only Prevotella ruminicola D31d produced detectable concentrations of cyclic AMP. In order to investigate the synthesis of this important metabolic regulator, the gene for adenylate cyclase (cya), which produces cyclic AMP, was cloned and expressed in a CyaA mutant of Escherichia coli. The cloned P. ruminicola D31d gene was able to complement the cyaA mutation and permitted fermentation of lactose on MacConkey Lactose agar plates. Analysis of the DNA sequence of the 2.5-kilobase pair insert revealed an open reading frame encoding for a 67-kDa protein. This protein was novel in that no amino acid similarity was observed with other procaryotic or eucaryotic adenylate cyclases in the GenBank database. Production of cyclic AMP in the E. coli clone was confirmed with a radioimmunoassay technique. This is the first example of an adenylate cyclase gene identified from an anaerobic bacterium. (C) 1998 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Whitehead, TR (reprint author), ARS, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RI Whitehead, Terence/B-5235-2009; OI Wheeler, Matthew/0000-0001-5589-357X; Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 12 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 164 IS 2 BP 257 EP 260 DI 10.1016/S0378-1097(98)00221-3 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 100XZ UT WOS:000074841800005 PM 9682474 ER PT J AU Lipman, RD Bronson, RT Wu, D Smith, DE Prior, R Cao, G Han, SN Martin, KR Meydani, SN Meydani, M AF Lipman, RD Bronson, RT Wu, D Smith, DE Prior, R Cao, G Han, SN Martin, KR Meydani, SN Meydani, M TI Disease incidence and longevity are unaltered by dietary antioxidant supplementation initiated during middle age in C57BL/6 mice SO MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE aging; longevity; lesions; nutrition; antioxidant; mice ID VITAMIN-E; HUMAN PLASMA; AGING MICE; IN-VITRO; GLUTATHIONE; RATS; RESTRICTION; MELATONIN; CAROTENOIDS; TOCOPHEROL AB The ability of augmented antioxidant consumption to alter disease incidence, lesion burden and/or longevity was studied in adult male C57BL/6 mice. Mice were fed modified AIN76 diet or modified AIN76 supplemented with vitamin E, glutathione (GSH), vitamin E and GSH, melatonin or strawberry extract starting at 18 months of age. All the mice in this study were heavier than reference populations of male C57BL/6 mice fed NIH-07 or NIH-31, which were maintained without a mid-life change in diet. Fatty liver, focal kidney atrophy and proteinacious casts in the renal tubules were observed more frequently in this study population than in the reference populations. Lesion burden and incidence of specific lesions observed amongst the various groups in this study did not differ. There were no differences observed for longevity of any of the study groups. The longevity observed in this study was similar to that previously reported for male C57BL/6 mice. Thus, diet supplementation with antioxidants initiated during middle age did not appear to affect age-associated lesions patterns, lesion burden or longevity for ad libitum fed male C57BL/6 mice. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lipman, RD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG07747] NR 53 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0047-6374 J9 MECH AGEING DEV JI Mech. Ageing. Dev. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 103 IS 3 BP 269 EP 284 DI 10.1016/S0047-6374(98)00048-7 PG 16 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 107UP UT WOS:000075229600004 PM 9723903 ER PT J AU Legaspi, BC Allen, JC Brewster, CC Morales-Ramos, JA King, EG AF Legaspi, BC Allen, JC Brewster, CC Morales-Ramos, JA King, EG TI Areawide management of the cotton boll weevil: use of a spatio-temporal model in augmentative biological control SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Catolaccus grandis; Anthonomus grandis; spatial model; spatio-temporal model ID CATOLACCUS-GRANDIS HYMENOPTERA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PTEROMALIDAE; CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA; TEMPERATURE; DISPERSAL; TEXAS AB Recent advances in computer technology have facilitated the development of spatio-temporal models for simulation of ecological systems. The explicit modeling of space allows scientists to investigate the effects of spatial arrangements and heterogeneities, as well as temporal changes, in model systems. We describe an example of a host-parasitoid spatio-temporal model, consisting of integrodifference equations, which model both biological processes and population dispersal. Our model ecosystem consists of the host, boil weevil, (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and its exotic parasitoid, Catolaccus grandis (Burks) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). We use the model to explore different strategies in the augmentative biological control of the host by simulating different release methods (single or multiple sites, aerial release), and the effects of wind and heterogeneities in host density on efficacy of the parasitoid. Our preliminary simulations indicate greater host suppression when the parasitoid is released over multiple sites, or aerially, despite identical release rates. The methods used to simulate wind effects resulted in plausible dispersal and parasitization patterns, but the inclusion of heterogeneities in host densities resulted in perhaps non-intuitive parasitization patterns, likely due to boundary effects. Data are being collected currently for calibration and validation of this model. With further development, this spatial model should be useful in designing optimal strategies for the augmentative release of C. grandis against the boil weevil as part of an areawide integrated pest management program. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Legaspi, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 East Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. EM blegaspi@pop.tamu.edu OI Morales-Ramos, Juan/0000-0002-3506-3859 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL 11 PY 1998 VL 110 IS 2 BP 151 EP 164 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(98)00060-X PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 106QW UT WOS:000075141200004 ER PT J AU Rana, AK Mandal, A Mitra, BC Jacobson, R Rowell, R Banerjee, AN AF Rana, AK Mandal, A Mitra, BC Jacobson, R Rowell, R Banerjee, AN TI Short jute fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites: Effect of compatibilizer SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE jute; polypropylene; maleated polypropylene; compatibilizer; composite ID POLYETHYLENE; THERMOPLASTICS; ADHESION; FILLERS AB Jute fibers were chopped to approximately 100 mm in length and then processed through a granulator having an 8-mm screen. Final fiber lengths were up to 10 mm maximum. These fibers along with polypropylene granules and a compatibilizer were mixed in a K-mixer at a fixed rpm, 5500, and dumped at a fixed temperature, 390 degrees F, following single-stage procedure. The fiber loadings were 30, 40, 50, and 60 wt %, and at each fiber loading, compatibilizer doses were 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 wt %. The K-mix samples were pressed and granulated. Finally, ASTM test specimens were molded using a Cincinnati injection molding machine. At 60% by weight of fiber loading, the use of the compatibilizer improved the flexural strength as high as 100%, tensile strength to 120%, and impact strength (unnotched) by 175%. Remarkable improvements were attained even with 1% compatibilizer only. Interface studies were carried out by SEM to investigate the fiber surface morphology, fiber pull-out, and fiber-polymer interface. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Indian Jute Ind Res Assoc, Calcutta 700088, W Bengal, India. Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Calcutta, Dept Plast & Rubber Technol, Calcutta 700009, W Bengal, India. RP Rana, AK (reprint author), Indian Jute Ind Res Assoc, 17 Taratola Rd, Calcutta 700088, W Bengal, India. NR 27 TC 181 Z9 193 U1 2 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD JUL 11 PY 1998 VL 69 IS 2 BP 329 EP 338 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19980711)69:2<329::AID-APP14>3.3.CO;2-0 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA ZQ711 UT WOS:000073895400014 ER PT J AU Uri, ND Lewis, JA AF Uri, ND Lewis, JA TI The dynamics of soil erosion in US agriculture SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE soil erosion; land productivity; conservation policies ID CONSERVATION; CARBON AB Soil erosion has both on-farm and off-farm impacts. Reduction of soil depth can impair the land's productivity, and the transport of sediments can degrade streams, lakes, and estuaries. To address this problem, soil conservation policies have existed in the United States for over 60 years. Initially, these policies focused on the on-farm benefits of keeping soil on the land and increasing net farm income. Beginning in the 1980s, however, policy goals increasingly included reductions in off-site impacts of erosion. The Food Security Act of 1985 was the first major legislation explicitly to tie eligibility to receive agricultural program payments to conservation performance. The Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act (FAIR) of 1996 modifies the conservation compliance provisions by providing farmers with greater flexibility in developing and implementing conservation plans. As a consequence of conservation efforts, total soil erosion between 1982 and 1997 was reduced by 42% and the erosion rate fell from 8.0 tons per acre in 1982 to 5.2 tons per acre in 1997. Still, soil erosion is imposing substantial social costs. In 1997 these costs are estimated to have been approx. US$29.7 billion. To further reduce soil erosion and thereby mitigate its social costs, there are a number of policy options available to induce farmers to adopt conservation practices including education and technical assistance, financial assistance, research and development, land retirement, and regulation and taxes. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, NRCS, RID, Washington, DC 20005 USA. USDA, NRCS, RAD, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Uri, ND (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, RID, Room 6243S, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 11 PY 1998 VL 218 IS 1 BP 45 EP 58 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00198-3 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 106NJ UT WOS:000075135500005 ER PT J AU Mora, F Iverson, LR AF Mora, F Iverson, LR TI On the sources of vegetation activity variation, and their relation with water balance in Mexico SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; SEMIARID BOTSWANA; SATELLITE DATA; SOIL-MOISTURE; NDVI RESPONSE; INDEX; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; RAINFALL; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Natural landscape surface processes are largely controlled by the relationship between climate and vegetation. Water balance integrates the effects of climate on patterns of vegetation distribution and productivity, and for that reason, functional relationships can be established using water balance variables as predictors of vegetation response. In this study, we evaluate, at the country and ecoregion level of analysis, the relationships between indicators of vegetation productivity and seasonality with several water balance variables. Vegetation indicators were derived from multitemporal analysis of satellite images, and water balance variables were obtained from ground meteorological station data. Spatial and temporal variation of climate and vegetation were evaluated with remote sensing and GIS technology, and empirical relationships were evaluated statistically via regression models. Significant non-linear relationships were established for vegetation productivity, precipitation, and actual evapotranspiration at the country level in Mexico, where the landscape is represented by a wide diversity of ecosystems. Variation of vegetation patterns of productivity and seasonality is explained less at the ecoregion scale relative to the country level, but water balance variables still account for similar to 50% of variation in vegetation. C1 Univ Nebraska, Ctr Adv Land Management Informat Technol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Mora, F (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Ctr Adv Land Management Informat Technol, 113 Nebraska Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RI Iverson, Louis/C-7554-2009 OI Iverson, Louis/0000-0001-9501-471X NR 39 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JUL 10 PY 1998 VL 19 IS 10 BP 1843 EP 1871 DI 10.1080/014311698215027 PG 29 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA ZZ167 UT WOS:000074702300002 ER PT J AU Blicher-Mathiesen, G McCarty, GW Nielsen, LP AF Blicher-Mathiesen, G McCarty, GW Nielsen, LP TI Denitrification and degassing in groundwater estimated from dissolved dinitrogen and argon SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE denitrification; degassing; dinitrogen; argon; riparian wetland ID ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; NITRATE; GASES; NITROGEN; HISTORY; WATER AB The groundwater concentrations of dinitrogen (N-2) and argon (Ar) were measured in a transect of a Danish riparian wetland in order to estimate N-2 production from denitrification, the concentration of Ar being used as an internal tracer for degassing, Dissolved N-2 increased by 135 mu M N-2-N. Simple calculations incorporating the decrease in groundwater dissolved Ar and the partial pressure of N-2 revealed that 376 mu M N-2-N was degassed along the transect. Total denitrification thus amounted to 511 mu M N-2-N, correlating well with the measured NO3- reduction of 503 mu M NO3-N. The total partial pressures of dissolved gases (N-2, O-2, Ar, and CO2) exceeded the hydrostatic pressure, thus confirming that degassing was a plausible mechanism for loss of dissolved gases in this riparian wetland, This study provides strong evidence that losses of dissolved Ar along a transect parallel to groundwater flow can be used to assess the amount of dissolved N-2 degassed and thereby permit estimates of N-2 production under conditions without conservation of gases within the groundwater system. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Streams & Riparian Areas, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark. USDA ARS, Environm Chem Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Aarhus Univ, Dept Microbial Ecol, Inst Biol Sci, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. RP Blicher-Mathiesen, G (reprint author), Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Streams & Riparian Areas, Postbox 314,Vejlsovej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark. RI Nielsen, Lars Peter/J-7401-2013 OI Nielsen, Lars Peter/0000-0002-7269-4860 NR 23 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 10 PY 1998 VL 208 IS 1-2 BP 16 EP 24 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00142-5 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 104TZ UT WOS:000075032600002 ER PT J AU Mironenko, EV Pachepsky, YA AF Mironenko, EV Pachepsky, YA TI Estimating transport of chemicals from soil to ponding water SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE surface water; pollution; floods; diffusion; soil leaching ID SURFACE-RUNOFF; MODEL; RAINFALL; RELEASE AB We simulate the accumulation of a chemical transported from soil to pending water. We consider one-dimensional convective-diffusive solute transport in water and soil, The results are compared with those of models which simulate an instantaneous mixing in the surface water layer and the surface solute flux dependent on the difference in solute concentrations between soil and water. Numerical inversion of Laplace transforms is used to obtain the simulation results for all models. Results of this work show that the relative effect of diffusion on the accumulation of a solute in pending water may be significant at infiltration rates that are not uncommon in agriculture practice. The results also imply that locations with low infiltration rates within fields may have a large effect on the overland accumulation of chemicals. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Barc W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci & Photosynth, Pushchino 142292, Russia. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Barc W, Bldg 007,Rm 008, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JUL 10 PY 1998 VL 208 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00144-9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 104TZ UT WOS:000075032600005 ER PT J AU Turano, FJ Dashner, R Upadhyaya, A Caldwell, CR Bauchan, G AF Turano, FJ Dashner, R Upadhyaya, A Caldwell, CR Bauchan, G TI Characterization of the glutamate dehydrogenase isoenzyme system in germinating soybean SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE immunoblot; NAD(H)-GDH; NADP(H)-GDH; soybean; tissue print ID VITIS-VINIFERA L; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; 3 FORMS; ENZYME; PURIFICATION; SEED AB Protein extracts from different soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Williams) organs contained four glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) isoenzymes (EC 1.4.1.2-1.4.1.4) when native polyacrylamide gels were stained for NAD-dependent activity. The four isoenzymes were designated GDH0, GDH1, GDH2 and GDH3. A combination of NAD- or NADP-specific GDH stains and immunoblot analysis of native polyacrylamide gels was used to characterize the four GDH isoenzymes. Isoenzymes GDH0, GDH1 and GDH2 demonstrated both NAD- and NADP-dependent activity, while GDH3 only had NAD-dependent activity. Based on the intensity of the different stains, GDH1 and GDH2 had greater activity with NAD than with NADP, while GDM0 had less activity with NAD than with NADP. Both GDH2 and GDH3 cross-reacted with rabbit serum raised against grape leaf NAD(H)-GDH, but the reaction was more intense with GDH3 than GDH2. Tissue print analyses were used to demonstrate the tissue-specific accumulation of GDH3 activity throughout the axis during germination in the dark. Negative controls (GDH stain solution lacking glutamate) and immunodetection with antiserum to grape NAD(H)-GDH validated the specificity of the NAD-GDH tissue print analyses. NAD-GDH activity was most abundant in the phloem of the hypocotyl hook with diffuse activity throughout the cortex. In addition, NAD-GDH activity was apparent in the epidermis of the hypocotyl hook. In the region of the hypocotyl below the hook and above the root hairs, enzyme activity was evident throughout the cortex and epidermis and absent in the vascular tissues. In the root, NAD-GDH activity was localized exclusively in the epidermal layer, particularly in the region of the functional root hairs. All other tissue types in this region of the root, including the xylem, phloem and cortex. were devoid of GDH activity. In emerging lateral roots, NAD-GDH activity was localized in the root tip and epidermis. Sines only GDH3 was detected in these tissues, the data suggest that GDH3 may play a unique role in the mobilization of carbon or nitrogen in germinating seedlings. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Climate Stress Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Turano, FJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Climate Stress Lab, BARC W, Bldg 046A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM fturano@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD JUL 10 PY 1998 VL 135 IS 2 BP 137 EP 148 DI 10.1016/S0168-9452(98)00082-X PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 108DL UT WOS:000075250700003 ER PT J AU Tully, RE van Berkum, P Lovins, KW Keister, DL AF Tully, RE van Berkum, P Lovins, KW Keister, DL TI Identification and sequencing of a cytochrome P450 gene cluster from Bradyrhizobium japonicum SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION LA English DT Article DE cytochrome P450; symbiosis; soybean; terpenoid; (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) ID SOYBEAN ROOT-NODULES; RHIZOBIUM-MELILOTI; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GIBBERELLIN BIOSYNTHESIS; CAROTENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; NITROGEN-FIXATION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; MUTAGENESIS AB Sequencing of a region from Bradyrhizobium japonicum previously shown to encode for cytochromes P450 revealed a cluster of three complete P450 genes (CYP112, CYP114, and CYP117) plus a partial P450 gene fragment (CYP115P), Present also are five additional open reading frames. The close positioning of the genes suggests that they comprise an operon, Although the biochemical function of the gene products is uncertain, the similarities to other genes suggests an operon involved in terpenoid synthesis. ORF3 has similarity to a [3Fe-4S] ferredoxin from Streptomyces griseolus. ORF4 has strong similarity to members of the short chain alcohol dehydrogenase family, including sterol dehydrogenases from enteric bacteria and to some plant 3-oxoacyl-(acyl carrier protein) reductases. ORF6 has strong similarity to prenyl transferases, including dimethylallyltranstransferase from Escherichia coli. ORF7 bears some similarity to plant genes for ent-kaurene synthase (a precursor of gibberellins), and to bacterial squalene-hopene cyclases. ORF8 has some similarity to a Streptomyces gene for synthesis of the cyclic sesquiterpene pentalenene. The 5' end of the mRNA transcript is 38-39 nucleotides downstream from the center of a motif that bears sequence homology to bacterial fur promoters. A gus operon fusion to the promoter was expressed anaerobically and symbiotically 6-10-fold greater than aerobically. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Keister, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Bldg 006,Room 200,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 46 TC 25 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4781 J9 BBA-GENE STRUCT EXPR JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gene Struct. Expression PD JUL 9 PY 1998 VL 1398 IS 3 BP 243 EP 255 DI 10.1016/S0167-4781(98)00069-4 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 101YA UT WOS:000074894700003 PM 9655913 ER PT J AU Ralph, J Peng, JP Lu, FC AF Ralph, J Peng, JP Lu, FC TI Isochroman structures in lignin: a new beta-1 pathway SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article AB New aryl isochroman structures have been identified in isolated softwood lignins by a combination of diagnostic NMR experiments. Such structural units were recently identified in lignin-derived trimers from wood degraded by the DFRC (derivatization followed by reductive cleavage) method, and have a plausible mechanism for their biosynthesis. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ralph, J (reprint author), ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 11 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 1998 VL 39 IS 28 BP 4963 EP 4964 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(98)00968-X PG 2 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA ZV877 UT WOS:000074350700010 ER PT J AU Talbot, NC Paape, M Worku, M AF Talbot, NC Paape, M Worku, M TI Selective expansion and continuous culture of macrophages from adult pig blood SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blood; culture; macrophage; monocyte; pig; STO ID HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS; LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR; NAPHTHYL ACETATE ESTERASE; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; PRIMORDIAL GERM-CELLS; GIANT-CELLS; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGE; MURINE; DIFFERENTIATION; RECEPTOR AB Macrophages were selectively expanded and continuously cultured from adult pig blood. One-half mi of heparinized adult pig blood was inoculated directly into the medium overlaying a feeder layer of STO mouse fibroblasts. After attachment to the feeder cells for 24 h, the culture was washed several times with the medium to remove most of any unattached blood cells and re-fed. Approximately 7x10(4) blood monocytes were initially detected and enumerated by specific binding of DiI-labeled acetylated low density lipoprotein (DiI-Ac-LDL). Macrophage outgrowths appeared in the primary culture after 6-7 days. The macrophages grew to relatively high density in 2-3 weeks (2-3 x 10(6) cells/T25 flask), and the culture was passaged on to fresh STO feeder layers to begin secondary culture. Over 2-3 months of culture the macrophage replication produced as many as 1.4 x 10(9) DiI-Ac-LDL-positive cells, The macrophages grew on top of the feeder cells in two forms: either a semi-attached, round morphology, or a closely adherent, flat ameboid morphology with several extended pseudopods. Electron microscopic examination revealed the cells to be uniformly of macrophage character and that 4-5% were giant cells. The macrophages were phagocytic and expressed CD14 on their surfaces. They also reacted positively with pig macrophage-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb), and were negative for reactivity with pig T- and B-cell-specific mAb. This simple method for isolating and propagating macrophages may indicate the replicative capacity of either adult pig blood monocytes or circulating blood stem cells, and it may be useful in providing macrophages for general research, virological assay, adoptive-immunotherapy models, and somatic gene therapy models. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, LPSI, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, LPSI, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Talbot, NC (reprint author), USDA ARS, LPSI, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JUL 8 PY 1998 VL 64 IS 2 BP 173 EP 190 DI 10.1016/S0165-2427(98)00128-7 PG 18 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA ZW926 UT WOS:000074462200007 PM 9661266 ER PT J AU Fridolfsson, AK Cheng, H Copeland, NG Jenkins, NA Liu, HC Raudsepp, T Woodage, T Chowdhary, B Halverson, J Ellegren, H AF Fridolfsson, AK Cheng, H Copeland, NG Jenkins, NA Liu, HC Raudsepp, T Woodage, T Chowdhary, B Halverson, J Ellegren, H TI Evolution of the avian sex chromosomes from an ancestral pair of autosomes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HIGHLY CONSERVED REGION; HUMAN X-CHROMOSOME; DNA-SEQUENCES; PSEUDOAUTOSOMAL REGION; DOSAGE COMPENSATION; W-CHROMOSOME; MARSUPIAL-X; CHICKEN; BIRDS; LINKAGE AB Among the mechanisms whereby sex is determined in animals, chromosomal sex determination is found in a wide variety of distant taxa. The widespread but not ubiquitous occurrence, not even within lineages, of chromosomal sex determination suggests that sex chromosomes have evolved independently several times during animal radiation, but firm evidence for this is lacking. The most favored model for this process is gradual differentiation of ancestral pairs of autosomes, As known for mammals, sex chromosomes may have a very ancient origin, and it has even been speculated that the sex chromosomes of mammals and birds would share a common chromosomal ancestry. In this study we shelved that the two genes, ATP5A1 and CHD1, so far assigned to the female-specific W chromosome of birds both exist in a very closely related copy on the Z chromosome but are not pseudoautosomal, This indicates a common ancestry of the two sex chromosomes, consistent with the evolution from a pair of autosomes. Comparative mapping demonstrates, however, that ATP5A1 and CHD1 are not sex-linked among eutherian mammals; this is also not the case for the majority of other genes so far assigned to the avian Z chromosome. Our results suggest that the evolution of sex chromosomes has occurred independently in mammals and birds. C1 Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Anim Breeding & Genet, Ctr Biomed, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Frederick Canc Res & Dev Ctr, Mammalian Genet Lab, ABL Basic Res Program, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NIH, Genet & Mol Biol Branch, Natl Human Genome Res Inst, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Perkin Elmer AgGen, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. RP Ellegren, H (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Anim Breeding & Genet, Ctr Biomed, Box 597, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. EM Hans.Ellegren@bmc.uu.se NR 49 TC 161 Z9 171 U1 0 U2 16 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 7 PY 1998 VL 95 IS 14 BP 8147 EP 8152 DI 10.1073/pnas.95.14.8147 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ZZ317 UT WOS:000074717300056 PM 9653155 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, PE Albrecht, SL Smiley, RW AF Rasmussen, PE Albrecht, SL Smiley, RW TI Soil C and N changes under tillage and cropping systems in semi-arid Pacific Northwest agriculture SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE decomposition; fallow; fertilizer; long-term experiments; manure; residue; soil moisture; soil organic matter; wheat ID LONG-TERM TILLAGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROGEN; CARBON; ROTATION; EROSION AB Soils in semi-arid regions are highly susceptible to soil organic matter (SOM) loss when cultivated because of erratic yield, removal of crop residue for feed or fuel, uncontrolled soil erosion, and frequent fallowing to increase water storage. It is important to quantify the effect of each factor to be able to identify agoecosystems that are sustainable and recognize the management practices that best sequester C in soil. We identified changes in SOM in long-term experiments, some dating from the early 1900s, by evaluating tillage and crop rotation effects at several locations in semi-arid regions of the US Pacific Northwest. The major factors influencing changes in organic C and N were the frequency of summer-fallow and the amount of C input by crop residue. Soil erosion was low in long-term studies, but even limited soil loss can have a substantial impact on C and N levels if allowed over many years. Yearly crop production is recommended because any cropping system that included summer-fallow lost SOM over time without large applications of manure. We conclude that most of the SOM loss was due to high biological oxidation and absence of C input during the fallow year rather than resulting from erosion. Decreasing tillage intensity reduced SOM loss, but the effect was not as dramatic as eliminating summer-fallow. Crop management practices such as N fertilization increased residue production and improved C and N levels in soil. SOM can be maintained or increased in most semi-arid soils if they are cropped every year, crop residues are returned to soil, and erosion is kept to a minimum. SOM loss may be more intense in the Pacific Northwest because fallowing keeps the soil moist during the summer months when it would normally be dry. Our experiments identify two primary deficiencies of long-term studies to measure C sequestering capability: (1) soil C loss can be partitioned between erosion and biological oxidation only by estimation, and (2) C changes occurring below 30 cm in grassland soils cannot be quantified in many instances because samples were not collected. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B,V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. Oregon State Univ, Agr Expt Stn, Columbia Basin Agr Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. RP Rasmussen, PE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, POB 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. EM paul.rasmussen@orst.edu NR 27 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 7 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 197 EP 205 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(98)00106-8 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZZ736 UT WOS:000074762000003 ER PT J AU Peterson, GA Halvorson, AD Havlin, JL Jones, OR Lyon, DJ Tanaka, DL AF Peterson, GA Halvorson, AD Havlin, JL Jones, OR Lyon, DJ Tanaka, DL TI Reduced tillage and increasing cropping intensity in the Great Plains conserves soil C SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE crop rotation; dryland; no-till; soil carbon; soil organic matter; tillage ID SYSTEMS AB Concern about soil organic matter losses as a result of cultivation has been voiced consistently since the early part of the 20th century. Scientists working in the US. Great Plains recognized that organic matter losses from an already small pool could have major negative consequences on soil physical properties and N supplying capacity. The advent of reduced- and no-till systems has greatly improved our ability to capture and retain precipitation in the soil during the non-crop periods of the cropping cycle, and has made it possible to reduce fallow frequency and intensify cropping systems, The purpose of this paper is to summarize the effects of reduced tillage and cropping system intensification on C storage in soils using data from experiments in North Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado, and Texas. Decades of farming with the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow system, the dominant fanning system in the Great Plains, have accentuated soil C losses. More intensive cropping systems, made possible by the greater water conservation associated with no-till practices, have produced more grain, produced more crop residue and allowed more of it to remain on the soil surface. Combined with less soil disturbance in reduced- and no-till systems, intensive cropping has increased C storage in the soil, We also conclude that the effects of cropping system intensification on soil C should not be investigated independent of residue C still on the surface. There are many unknowns regarding how rapidly changes in soil C will occur when tillage and cropping systems are changed, but the data summarized in this paper indicate that in the surface 2.5 cm of soil, changes can be detected within 10 years, It is imperative that we continue long-term experiments to evaluate rates of change over an extended period, It is also apparent that we should include residue C, both on the surface of the soil and within the surface 2.5 cm, in our system C budgets if we are to accurately depict residue-soil C system status. The accounting of soil C must be done on a mass basis rather than on a concentration basis. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. ARS, No Great Plains Res Ctr, USDA, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, USDA, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Univ Nebraska, Panhandle Res & Ext Ctr, Scottsbluff, NE 69361 USA. RP Peterson, GA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Peterson, Gary/B-8119-2013 NR 27 TC 137 Z9 145 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 207 EP 218 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(98)00107-X PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZZ736 UT WOS:000074762000004 ER PT J AU Huggins, DR Buyanovsky, GA Wagner, GH Brown, JR Darmody, RG Peck, TR Lesoing, GW Vanotti, MB Bundy, LG AF Huggins, DR Buyanovsky, GA Wagner, GH Brown, JR Darmody, RG Peck, TR Lesoing, GW Vanotti, MB Bundy, LG TI Soil organic C in the tallgrass prairie-derived region of the corn belt: effects of long-term crop management SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE tallgrass prairie; soil organic carbon; carbon sequestration; carbon modeling; labile carbon ID GRASSLAND SOILS; CARBON; NITROGEN; MATTER; TILLAGE; BIOTA; DECOMPOSITION; PHOSPHORUS; ATMOSPHERE; TEXTURE AB Concerns with rising atmospheric levels of CO2 have stimulated interest in C flow in terrestrial ecosystems and the potential for increased soil C sequestration. Our objectives were to assess land management effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics and SOC sequestration for long-term studies in the tallgrass prairie region of the US. Major losses of SOC following conversion of native prairie to arable agriculture at Sanborn Field and the Merrow Plots were rapid (20 to 40 yr), occurred in response to greatly reduced C inputs and accelerated C decay rates, and had largely abated by the mid-1900s, Losses of SOC occurred mainly in easily decomposable, labile C fractions. At Sanborn Field, modeled labile SOC was reduced to 4% of native prairie levels for treatments with low C inputs. A large capacity for soil C sequestration likely exists in the tallgrass prairie region, if labile C pools can be replenished. This agroecosystem has a strong C decomposition regime and increased sequestration of labile C will rely on management practices that increase C inputs (i.e,, fertilization, returning crop residues) and stabilize labile C (i,e,, perennial cropping, reduced tillage). The capacity for soil C sequestration, however, will vary considerably among sites and be dependent on initial levels of labile SOC and the ability of management practices to stabilize greater inputs of labile C. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B,V, All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Soil & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Agron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Nebraska, Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Ithaca, NE USA. ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Huggins, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Land Management & Water Conservat Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. EM dhuggins@wsu.edu NR 71 TC 92 Z9 103 U1 5 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 219 EP 234 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(98)00108-1 PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZZ736 UT WOS:000074762000005 ER PT J AU Hendrix, PF Franzluebbers, AJ McCracken, DV AF Hendrix, PF Franzluebbers, AJ McCracken, DV TI Management effects on C accumulation and loss in soils of the southern Appalachian Piedmont of Georgia SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil carbon; no-tillage; long-term management ID ORGANIC-MATTER; CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE; TROPICAL SOILS; CARBON STORAGE; NO-TILLAGE; LAND-USE; CULTIVATION; NITROGEN; AGROECOSYSTEMS; ECOSYSTEMS AB Soil conservation management practices can impact on soil C storage. Long- and short-term data sets from three research sites were used to assess effects of management on C content of soils on the southern Appalachian Piedmont of Georgia. Intensive cultivation resulted in no observable change in total C content at the end of 3 yr, but at the end of 16 yr there were 40% and 18% declines in C in conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) soils, respectively, at the Horseshoe Bend site. No significant changes in soil C were observed in either CT or NT soils at the end of 16 yr at Griffin. Higher clay content of Griffin soils may have contributed to this difference. Newly established NT plots on C-depleted soils on Dawson Field showed no change in C content at the end of 3 yr on both a highly eroded Pacolet sandy clay loam and a slightly eroded Cecil sandy loam. A soil under long-term NT accumulated C at a mean rate of ca. 0.6 Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1), reaching 29 Mg C ha(-1) after 20 yr. Steady-state levels of C in soils of the region may approach 40 Mg C ha(-1) (0-20 cm depth). Long-term forested and sod-based soils at Griffin showed C contents approximating this steady-state, while fertilized NT soils exceeded the estimated steady state level. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. ARS, USDA, So Piedmont Conservat Res Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30667 USA. Univ Georgia, Agr Expt Stn, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Griffin, GA USA. RP Hendrix, PF (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 36 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 245 EP 251 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(98)00113-5 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZZ736 UT WOS:000074762000007 ER PT J AU Reilly, JM Fuglie, KO AF Reilly, JM Fuglie, KO TI Future yield growth in field crops: what evidence exists? SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE crop yields; soil carbon sequestration; agricultural research ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; POPULATION; IMPACTS AB Crop yields are an important determinant of C input into the soil and ultimately of soil organic carbon (SOC). Models to predict changes in SOC require crop yield and future yield growth information. In this review, yield trends for 11 major crops in the US for the period 1939-1994 are analyzed. Historical data are analyzed to detect evidence of a yield plateau. Yields are extrapolated to the year 2020 based on linear and exponential yield trends estimated in the paper. Forward-looking information on yield gaps, on the biological potential for future yield,growth, and socio-economic determinants of yield growth is examined for evidence that yield growth may plateau in the near future. A linear model of yield growth indicates a compound annual rate of growth of between 0.7% and 1.3% per year for major US crops through 2020. Under an exponential model, growth rates could range up to 3% per year. This could lead to substantial increases in SOC if crop residues are retained. Biophysical limits, including those imposed by agronomic and tillage practices, do not appear to prevent rates of growth consistent with the linear model. How socioeconomic forces will affect future growth are subject to greater uncertainty. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Reilly, JM (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1301 New York Ave NW, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM jmreilly@econ.ag.gov NR 38 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 275 EP 290 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(98)00116-0 PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZZ736 UT WOS:000074762000010 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Hons, FM Zuberer, DA AF Franzluebbers, AJ Hons, FM Zuberer, DA TI In situ and potential CO2 evolution from a Fluventic Ustochrept in southcentral Texas as affected by tillage and cropping intensity SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; carbon mineralization; carbon sequestration; no tillage; soil microbial biomass; soil organic carbon; soil organic matter ID SEASONAL DYNAMICS; SOIL; DECOMPOSITION; WHEAT AB Quality of agricultural soils is largely a function of soil organic matter. Tillage and crop management impact soil organic matter dynamics by modification of the soil environment and quantity and quality of C input. We investigated changes in pools and fluxes of soil organic C (SOC) during the ninth and tenth year of cropping with various intensities under conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT). Soil organic C to a depth of 0.2 m increased with cropping intensity as a result of greater C input and was 10% to 30% greater under NT than under CT. Sequestration of crop-derived C input into SOC was 22+/-2% under NT and 9+/-4% under CT (mean of cropping intensities +/- standard deviation of cropping systems). Greater sequestration of SOC under NT was due to a lower rate of in situ soil CO2 evolution than under CT (0.22+/-0.03 vs. 0.27+/-0.06 g CO2-C g(-1) SOC yr(-1)). Despite a similar labile pool of SOC under NT than under CT (1.1+/-0.1 vs. 1,0+/-0.1 g mineralizable C kg(-1) SOC d(-1)), the ratio of in situ to potential CO2 evolution was less under NT (0.56+/-0.03) than under CT (0,73+/-0.08), suggesting strong environmental controls on SOC turnover, such as temperature, moisture, and residue placement. Both increased C sequestration and a greater labile SOC pool were achieved in this low-SOC soil using NT and high-intensity cropping. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resources Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resources Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM afranz@asches.uga.edu NR 17 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 303 EP 308 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(98)00118-4 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZZ736 UT WOS:000074762000012 ER PT J AU Potter, KN Torbert, HA Jones, OR Matocha, JE Morrison, JE Unger, PW AF Potter, KN Torbert, HA Jones, OR Matocha, JE Morrison, JE Unger, PW TI Distribution and amount of soil organic C in long-term management systems in Texas SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE carbon sequestration; no-till; climate ID CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE; NO-TILLAGE; CARBON; NITROGEN; MATTER; CONSERVATION; CULTIVATION; PH AB Soil organic carbon (SOC) distribution is altered by residue management practices, but the effect on total C mass is not well understood, especially in warm regions. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of residue management practices on SOC distribution and amount across an 1100 km transect (northwest to southeast) of Texas. Long-term (>10 years) continuous cropping rotation and residue management plots located near Bushland, Temple, and Corpus Christi, Texas, were sampled incrementally with depth for SOC distribution and mass. The mass of SOC varied among locations depending on management, and climatic conditions. No-tillage management resulted in increased SOC concentration and mass in the surface 0.07 m in comparison to more intensive tillage management (e.g., sweep, chisel plow, moldboard plow). Fertilization had little effect on C sequestration at any site. Carbon sequestration decreased as mean annual temperature increased. Carbon may be sequestered in soil under Texas climatic conditions, but the amounts may be quite small. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. ARS, USDA, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Res & Ext Ctr, Corpus Christi, TX 78406 USA. RP Potter, KN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 24 TC 90 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 309 EP 321 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(98)00119-6 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZZ736 UT WOS:000074762000013 ER PT J AU Reeder, JD Schuman, GE Bowman, RA AF Reeder, JD Schuman, GE Bowman, RA TI Soil C and N changes on conservation reserve program lands in the Central Great Plains SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE CRP (Conservation Reserve Program); soil organic matter; soil quality; nitrogen mineralization; wheat-fallow ID ORGANIC-MATTER; GRASSLAND SOILS; CULTIVATION; NITROGEN; RANGELAND; CARBON; PHOSPHORUS AB The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) was initiated to reduce water and wind erosion on marginal, highly erodible croplands by removing them from production and planting permanent, soil-conserving vegetation such as grass. We conducted a field study at two sites in Wyoming, USA, in order to quantify changes in soil C and N of marginal croplands seeded to grass, and of native rangeland plowed and cropped to wheat-fallow, Field plots were established on a sandy loam site and a clay loam site on wheat-fallow cropland that had been in production for 60+ years and on adjacent native rangeland. In 1993, 6 years after the study was initiated, the surface soil was sampled in 2.5 cm depth increments, while the subsurface soil was composited as one depth increment. All soil samples were analyzed for total organic C and N, and potential net mineralized C and N. After 60+ years of cultivation, surface soils at both study sites were 18-26% lower (by mass) in total organic C and N than in the A horizons of adjacent native range. Six years after plowing and converting native rangeland to cropland (three wheat-fallow cycles), both total and potential net mineralized C and N in the surface soil had decreased and NO3-N at all depths had increased to levels found after 60+ years of cultivation. We estimate that mixing of the surface and subsurface soil with tillage accounted for 40-60% of the decrease in surface soil C and N in long-term cultivated fields; in the short-term cultivated fields, mixing with tillage may have accounted for 60-75% of the decrease in C, and 30-60% of the decrease in N. These results emphasize the need to evaluate C and N in the entire soil solum, rather than in just the surface soil, if actual losses of C and N due to cultivation are to be distinguished from vertical redistribution. Five years after reestablishing grass on the sandy loam soil, both total and potential net mineralized C and N in the surface soil had increased to levels equal to or greater than those observed in the A horizon of the native range. On the clay loam soil, however, significant increases in total organic C were observed only in the surface 2.5 cm of N-fertilized grass plots, while total organic N had not significantly increased from levels observed in the long-term cultivated fields. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B,V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. ARS, USDA, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Reeder, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 33 TC 86 Z9 98 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 339 EP 349 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(98)00122-6 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZZ736 UT WOS:000074762000016 ER PT J AU Majidi, V Miller-Ihli, NJ AF Majidi, V Miller-Ihli, NJ TI Influence of graphite substrate on analytical signals in electothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE surface chemistry; catalytic surface oxidation; analyte transport; graphite furnace; electrothermal vaporization ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; RUTHERFORD BACKSCATTERING SPECTROMETRY; HIGH-TEMPERATURE REACTIONS; PYROLYTICALLY COATED GRAPHITE; ELECTROTHERMAL VAPORIZATION; CHEMICAL MODIFIERS; ICP-MS; FURNACE; SURFACES; ATOMIZATION AB This paper describes a series of electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS) experiments for vaporization of Na, Mg, P, K, Ca, V, Mn, Ni, Cu, Ga, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, W, Au and Pb in single element and mixed element solutions; using both pyrocoated and oxygenated pyrocoated graphite substrates. During these experiments several species originating from the graphite surface (C-13(+), CO+ and C-2(+)) were monitored. When samples were vaporized from a pyrocoated graphite surface, precisions of about 20% for Ar-2(+), 200% for C-13(+) and 60% for CO+ were observed in their integrated ion intensities. For vaporization from an oxygenated pyrocoated graphite surface, the variation in integrated ion intensities was significantly reduced; less than 5% for Ar-2(+), less than 20% for C-13(+) and 40% for CO+. The results obtained from these experiments indicate that ETV-ICP-MS can be used effectively for trace and ultratrace quantitative analysis. For best analytical results with ETV-ICP-MS, it is prudent that a new oxygenated graphite surface be used along with matrix modifiers and the method additions technique. Surface origin of the C-2(+) ion was also investigated. The results indicate that the surface species responsible for the C-2(+) ion are not the major analyte carrier species from the ETV to the ICP-MS. This was substantiated by the: observation that the C-2(+) signal appears as a well behaved peak, regardless of the surface condition or the analyte used. There is evidence to suggest that the C-2(+) comes from an aldehyde-type molecular surface species. The C-2(+) signal is only observed when metals were present in acidic sample solutions or when the graphite surface was oxygen treated. Metal catalyzed surface oxidation is one possible explanation for the production mechanism of the species leading to the C-2(+) ion. The origin of C-13(+) and CO+ ions is also explained. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Miller-Ihli, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 53 IS 6-8 BP 965 EP 980 DI 10.1016/S0584-8547(98)00101-3 PG 16 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 130CQ UT WOS:000076502000015 ER PT J AU Gilmutdinov, AK Harnly, JM AF Gilmutdinov, AK Harnly, JM TI Multidimensional integration of absorbances: An approach to absolute analyte detection SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE atomic absorption spectrometry; absolute analysis; absolute detection; spatial integration; spectral integration; continuum source; array detector ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; GRAPHITE-FURNACE ATOMIZATION; LINEAR PHOTODIODE-ARRAY; CONTINUUM SOURCE; VAPORIZATION AB The problem of absolute analyte detection is considered in this paper. It is shown that integration in absorbance, not in intensity, is a pre-requisite for absolute detection in atomic absorption spectrometry, A design for an atomic absorption spectrometer of the future is described which measures absorbance resolved in three key areas:wavelength, space and time. Intensity must be measured with sufficient temporal, spatial and spectral resolution to guarantee the accuracy of the computed absorbance. Technically, such measurements can be made simultaneously with a continuum source, a high resolution echelle spectrometer and a two dimensional solid-state array detector. All computed absorbances are fully background and stray light corrected. With such measurements, and a proper optical configuration, absolute analyte detection can become a reality and the possibility of absolute analysis becomes more obtainable. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kazan State Univ, Dept Phys, Kazan 420008, Russia. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gilmutdinov, AK (reprint author), Kazan State Univ, Dept Phys, 18 Kremlevskaja St, Kazan 420008, Russia. EM albert.gilmutdinov@dsu.ru NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 53 IS 6-8 BP 1003 EP 1014 DI 10.1016/S0584-8547(98)00146-3 PG 12 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 130CQ UT WOS:000076502000018 ER PT J AU Winter, H Huber, JL Huber, SC AF Winter, H Huber, JL Huber, SC TI Identification of sucrose synthase as an actin-binding protein SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE actin-binding protein; actin cytoskeleton; aldolase; sucrose synthase; phalloidin ID CYTOSKELETON AB Several lines of evidence indicate that sucrose synthase (SuSy) binds both G- and F-actin: (i) presence of SuSy in the Triton X-100-insoluble fraction of microsomal membranes (i.e. crude cytoskeleton fraction); (ii) co-immunoprecipitation of actin with anti-SuSy monoclonal antibodies; (iii) association of SuSy with in situ phalloidin-stabilized F-actin filaments; and (iv) direct binding to F-actin, polymerized in vitro. Aldolase, well known to interact with F-actin, interfered with binding of SuSy, suggesting that a common or overlapping binding site may be involved. We postulate that some of the soluble SuSy in the cytosol mag be associated with the actin cytoskeleton in vivo. (C) 1998 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC USA. EM steve_huber@ncsu.edu NR 17 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 1998 VL 430 IS 3 BP 205 EP 208 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00659-0 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 100CV UT WOS:000074797600013 PM 9688539 ER PT J AU Moats, WA Romanowski, RD AF Moats, WA Romanowski, RD TI Multiresidue determination of beta-lactam antibiotics in milk and tissues with the aid of high-performance liquid chromatographic fractionation for clean up SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE milk; food analysis; multiresidue methods; lactams; antibiotics; penicillins; cephalosporins ID ELECTROSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PENICILLIN-G RESIDUES; BOVINE-MILK; ANIMAL-TISSUES; AMPICILLIN RESIDUES; CONFIRMATION; BENZYLPENICILLIN; IDENTIFICATION; ASSAY; DERIVATIZATION AB Screening of milk shipments for beta-lactam antibiotic residues is mandatory in the USA and is widely used in other countries. Interpretation of positive screening test results has been difficult. Only six beta-lactam antibiotics are approved for use in food-producing animals in the USA but many others are used in other countries. A multiresidue procedure was developed for identification and quantitation of unknown beta-lactam antibiotics. The residues were extracted with acetonitrile and tetraethylammonium chloride. The extract was concentrated by evaporation and filtered. The concentrated extract was then loaded onto an HPLC column in 100% 0.01 M KH2PO4 and eluted with an acetonitrile gradient. Fractions corresponding to analytes of interest were collected and tested for antibiotics using rapid milk screening tests. Fractions testing positive were analyzed by HPLC. The identity of beta-lactams was confirmed by treating a replicate with beta-lactamase. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Sci Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Moats, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Sci Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 58 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 3 PY 1998 VL 812 IS 1-2 BP 237 EP 247 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00387-2 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA ZX854 UT WOS:000074562100022 PM 9691322 ER PT J AU Larsen, DR Johnson, PS AF Larsen, DR Johnson, PS TI Linking the ecology of natural oak regeneration to silviculture SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the International-Union-of-Forestry-Research-Organizations, at the IUFRO XX World Congress CY AUG, 1995 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND SP Int Union Forestry Res Org DE oak regeneration; oak silviculture; regeneration models AB The regeneration requirements of oaks (Quercus spp.) differ among species. Oaks differ in their ability to produce seed, germinate and, as for reproduction, to endure shade, drought, and other stresses. Under the low to moderate shade that characterizes the understories of their natural habitats, the xerophytic oaks depend heavily on their drought tolerance and capacity to die back and resprout repeatedly. Successful regeneration of xerophytic oaks depends largely on the long-term survival and accumulation of oak reproduction, which may span 2 or more decades. Some of this reproduction develops large roots in advance of final harvest, which thereby enhances long-term survival and the potential for rapid shoot growth after overstory removal. In the more nutrient-and moisture-rich ecosystems, seedling populations of indigenous oaks arising from a single cohort typically fall to near extinction within a few years. High mortality rates are related to seedling intolerance to shade and the prevailing low light intensities under the high stand densities and stratified canopies typical of those ecosystems. In the absence of natural disturbance or silvicultural intervention, oak reproduction beneath dense stands in rich ecosystems typically fails to accumulate over time and thus fails to form the large root systems necessary for competitive success after overstory removal. The required timing and intensity of silvicultural operations for regenerating oaks therefore depend on the ecosystem-specific population dynamics of each species. Knowledge of birth, death, and other population processes of oak reproduction within defined classes of ecosystems, as well as knowledge of periodicity in seed production are prerequisites to the development of ecologically sound silvicultural prescriptions and realistic predictive models for regenerating oaks. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Larsen, DR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, 1-30 Agr Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM dlarsen@sylvan.snr.missouri.edu NR 30 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 2 PY 1998 VL 106 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00233-8 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZM753 UT WOS:000073572400002 ER PT J AU Abrams, MD Ruffner, CM DeMeo, TE AF Abrams, MD Ruffner, CM DeMeo, TE TI Dendroecology and species co-existence in an old-growth Quercus-Acer-Tilia talus slope forest in the central Appalachians, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the International-Union-of-Forestry-Research-Organizations, at the IUFRO XX World Congress CY AUG, 1995 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND SP Int Union Forestry Res Org DE disturbance; succession; canopy gaps; tree rings; shade tolerance ID NORTHERN RED OAK; SUCCESSIONAL DYNAMICS; PENNSYLVANIA; COMMUNITY; REPLACEMENT; VEGETATION; WISCONSIN; PIEDMONT; HISTORY; STANDS AB Dendroecological techniques were used to examine the disturbance history and patterns of species recruitment in an old-growth Quercus rubra L. (northern red oak)-Acer saccharum Marsh. (sugar maple)-Tilia americana L. (basswood) forest on a steep, talus slope in eastern West Virginia. The forest was uneven-aged as were the populations of red oak. Sugar maple dominated the sapling layer, which comprised little or no basswood and red oak. A compilation of major and moderate releases (indicative of disturbance) in 25 cores revealed single or multiple release events in every decade from 1870-1990. The high elevation of the forest coupled with a fertile sub-soil beneath the talus ameliorated the outwardly harsh conditions of the site, allowing for the domination of typically mesophytic, nutrient demanding tree species. We observed several fire scarred trees as well as extensive small-scale blow-down throughout the forest. Frequent disturbance events were probably crucial to the co-existence and continuous canopy recruitment of the relatively light demanding red oak with highly shade tolerant sugar maple and basswood. The strong successional replacement tendencies of red oak by northern hardwoods noted elsewhere in the eastern US may be less apparent on high elevation, rocky sites in the central Appalachians. Thus, this is a unique case study of long-term red oak domination with later successional species in an old-growth forest. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Monongahela Natl Forest, Elkins, WV 26241 USA. RP Abrams, MD (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, 4 Ferguson Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 37 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 2 PY 1998 VL 106 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00234-X PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZM753 UT WOS:000073572400003 ER PT J AU Rogers, R Johnson, PS AF Rogers, R Johnson, PS TI Approaches to modeling natural regeneration in oak-dominated forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the International-Union-of-Forestry-Research-Organizations, at the IUFRO XX World Congress CY AUG, 1995 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND SP Int Union Forestry Res Org DE reproduction; simulation; computers; ecosystem ID RED OAK; COMMUNITIES; SUCCESSION AB Oaks are numerous and widespread. Approximately 500 species are distributed across several continents in the north temperate zone and Polynesia. Like the genus itself, the processes within oak-dominated forests are often complex and difficult to comprehend. This complexity arises from processes that produce an almost infinite number of interactions among highly variable biotic and abiotic factors. The challenge for oak silviculturists who work with oak ecosystems is to develop descriptions capable of capturing the essence of those processes. A model can be defined as a tentative description of a system or theory that accounts for all of its known or important propel-ties. Models of systems can be developed alone a continuum of complexity from very simple to extremely detailed, and they can be theoretically or empirically based. The more complex computer models may `simulate' real phenomena. Some models like FOREST, SILVAH, TWIGS and JABOWA are general and describe mixed-forest dynamic processes of birth, growth, and death. Others, like ACORn, ADVREGEN, and SIMSEED restrict their description to include only those processes important to the birth and survival of young oak trees. Some models are developed primarily to explain how processes function, while others are constructed to predict outcomes of a process. An ideal model is capable of both. The most prevalent use of predictive oak regeneration models is to assess the consequences of a regeneration process (regeneration potential) prior to overstory disturbance. For the most part, such models are regional in scope, empirically driven and are usually accurate. However, a less well-known model based on a probabilistic approach is illustrated by SIMSEED. This model can be used by silviculturists to evaluate the long-term fluctuations in oak regeneration numbers in different forest ecosystems without explicitly describing cause and effect relationships. Models such as SIMSEED predict patterns rather than specific occurrences of oak regeneration. Three modeling approaches are described by examples. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Rogers, R (reprint author), Univ Freiburg, Inst Waldwachstum, Bertoldsbrunnen 17, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JUL 2 PY 1998 VL 106 IS 1 BP 45 EP 54 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00238-7 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA ZM753 UT WOS:000073572400007 ER PT J AU Tolk, JA Howell, TA Evett, SR AF Tolk, JA Howell, TA Evett, SR TI Evapotranspiration and yield of corn grown on three high plains soils SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; MAIZE ZEA-MAYS; ROOT-GROWTH; DEFICIT; IRRIGATION; SENSITIVITY; COMPONENTS; NITROGEN; TILLAGE; WHEAT AB Soil properties that vary within a production area present management challenges to producers when mater supplies are limited. We conducted three experiments to determine the influence of soil type and different water management levels on corn (Zea mays L,) yield, evapotranspiration (ET), and water use efficiency. Short-season corn was grown at low population density in lysimeters containing monolithic soil cores of Pullman (fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll), Ulysses (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aridic Haplustoll), and Amarillo (fine-loamy, mixed, thermic Aridic Paleustalf) soils, at a rain shelter facility in Bushland, TX. Dryland conditions were simulated in 1994 and 1995, with the soils receiving irrigations totaling either 50 or 150 mm in 1994 and either 120 or 200 mm in 1995. In 1996, water management levels were expanded, with the soils receiving weekly irrigation equivalent to 20, 50, 80, and 110% of measured ET, Grain yields for the 3 yr ranged from 389 to 804 g m(-2) for the Pullman soil, 559 to 899 g m(-2) for the Ulysses soil, and 438 to 736 g m(-2) for the Amarillo soil. Low grain yields from corn in the Pullman soil were due to limited water extraction from the lower soil profile, El en under full irrigation (110%), grain yield and leaf area were lower for corn in the Amarillo soil than with the two other soils, possibly due to limited water availability, Soil type effects on corn water use and yield mag require different water management strategies for optimum water use efficiency. C1 ARS, USDA, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Tolk, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 42 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 90 IS 4 BP 447 EP 454 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 124DR UT WOS:000076166500001 ER PT J AU Gates, RN Dewald, CL AF Gates, RN Dewald, CL TI Establishment of 'Tifton 9' bahiagrass in response to planting date and seed coat removal SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PENSACOLA BAHIAGRASS; ROTATIONS; PEANUT AB Stands of 'Tifton 9', like those of other bahiagrasses (Paspalum notatum Flugge var. saurae Parodi), develop slowly. Our objectives were to determine seedling emergence and stand establishment responses to planting date and mechanical seed coat removal using greenhouse and field plantings. Seed dehulled by acceleration in an airstream to hit a metal plate (7.8 kg ha(-1)) or whole seed (11.2 kg ha(-1)) was planted at equivalent rates in five blocks of a randomized complete block design on seven biweekly planting dates from 9 March through 1 June in 1994 and 1995 at both a droughty upland site (Dothan loamy sand: fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Plinthic Kandiudults) and a lowland site (Alapaha sand: loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic Plinthic Paleaquults) near Tifton, GA (31 degrees 26' N, 83 degrees 35' W), to observe emergence and establishment. Spring and fall plant counts and final stand ratings of percent bahiagrass occurrence were used to evaluate emergence and establishment. Emergence 7 d after greenhouse planting of dehulled seed (18.3%) was greater (P < 0.01) than whole seed (0.7%), Emergence at 28 d after planting was not different (36.2%) between seed treatments, Mean surface (0 to 50 mm) soil moisture content at the lowland site (58 g kg(-1)) was higher than the upland site (28 g kg(-1)). Seedling heights, measured in June 1994, spring seedling number in both years, and 1995 fall plant numbers were often higher with earlier planting date. No differences in final stand (% occurrence) could be attributed to planting date. Final stand ratings were greater (P < 0.05) at the lowland (84%) than at the upland site (79%), and greater (P < 0.05) for whole than for dehulled seed in 1994, but no differences were observed in 1995. Development of Tifton 9 bahiagrass stands at these Coastal Plain sites was slow, but relatively insensitive to differences in spring or early summer planting date. Dehulled seed emerged more rapidly, but this provided no sustained advantage in stand establishment in these environments. C1 ARS, USDA, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. ARS, USDA, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Gates, RN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 90 IS 4 BP 462 EP 465 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 124DR UT WOS:000076166500003 ER PT J AU Berdahl, JD Frank, AB AF Berdahl, JD Frank, AB TI Seed maturity in four cool-season forage grasses SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHYSIOLOGICAL MATURITY; SPRING WHEAT AB Excessive seed shattering of perennial grasses in the Triticeae tribe results in major economic losses to seed producers, In this 4-yr field study, heat units expressed as growing degree-days (GDD) after anthesis were related to seed development in tetraploid crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertonrm (Fisch, ex Link) Schultes], Russian wildrye [Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch,) Nevski], intermediate wheatgrass [Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkw, & D.R. Dewey], and western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb,) A, Love]. Seed quality at different stages of development was assessed by germination percentage and emergence of seedlings from a 5.0-cm planting depth in a Parshall fine sandy loam soil (coarse-loamy, mixed Pachic Haploborolls), Water concentration of the seed at maximum seed mass (dry wt, basis) ranged from 303 g kg(-1) for intermediate wheatgrass to 376 g kg(-1) for western wheatgrass. Seed mass was closely associated with seed vigor in all four grass species, as evidenced by correlation coefficients between seed mass and seedling emergence of 0.88** for crested wheatgrass, 0.93** for Russian wildrye, 0.92** for intermediate wheatgrass, and 0.77** for western wheatgrass, Plots sampled at the stiff dough stage had a water concentration of approximately 350 g kg(-1) (dry wt, basis), and the seed sample was at or near maximum seed mass. Seed mass and germination would not be seriously compromised and seed yield losses from shattering would be reduced if windrowing were completed about 50 GDD or 2 to 3 calendar days before maximum seed mass is attained. C1 ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Berdahl, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 90 IS 4 BP 483 EP 488 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 124DR UT WOS:000076166500008 ER PT J AU Kamuru, F Albrecht, SL Allen, LH Shanmugam, KT AF Kamuru, F Albrecht, SL Allen, LH Shanmugam, KT TI Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in rice inoculated with a nitrogenase-derepressed mutant of Anabaena variabilis SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; GLUTAMINE-SYNTHETASE; GROWTH; AZOSPIRILLUM; AMMONIA; PLANT; SOIL AB Cyanobacteria contribute to the N economy of flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields by reducing N-2 to NH3 The purpose was to determine the extent to which a nitrogenase-derepressed mutant strain of the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis (strain SA-1), capable of excreting newly fixed N as NH3, could provide N for rice plants grown outdoors in pots. Growth of plants inoculated with the mutant strain was compared with growth of plants inoculated with the parent strain (A. variabilis, strain SA-0) or fertilized with inorganic N fertilizer [(NH4)(2)SO4] at rates of 0 (control), 25, 50, and 100 kg N ha(-1). Rice plants inoculated with the mutant cyanobacterium produced more panicles than plants inoculated with the parent strain. Dry matter and total N contents of the root, shoot, and grain were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in the plants inoculated with the NH3-excreting mutant strain than plants that were inoculated with the parent strain of the cyanobacterium, Under these conditions, the contribution of the mutant cyanobacterium to growth and yield of rice plants was equivalent to the application of 71 to 73 kg N ha(-1) as (NH4)(2)SO4. Estimates of the rate of N-2-fixation (acetylene reduction) in pots inoculated,vith the NH3-excreting mutant cyanobacterium were about twice the amount observed in pots inoculated with the wild-type strain, even in the presence of (NH4)(2)SO4. Pots inoculated with the mutant strain also had more NH3 in the flood water than pots that were inoculated with the parent strain. The NH3-excreting strain of A. variabilis shows potential for development for use as a biofertilizer in paddy rice production in areas where inorganic fertilizer N is unavailable or expensive and in rice production systems that aim to minimize environmental pollution from inorganic N fertilizers. C1 Univ Florida, Agron Physiol Lab, USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Environm Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. ARS, USDA, Columbia Plateau Conserv Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Agron Physiol Lab, USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Environm Res Unit, POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM lhajr@nervm.nerdc.ufl.edu NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 90 IS 4 BP 529 EP 535 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 124DR UT WOS:000076166500015 ER PT J AU Ulery, AL Teed, JA van Genuchten, MT Shannon, MC AF Ulery, AL Teed, JA van Genuchten, MT Shannon, MC TI SALTDATA: A database of plant yield response to salinity SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Crop salt-tolerance data are crucial for the effective management of salt-affected agronomic systems in arid and semiarid regions. Numerous field and laboratory experiments have been conducted over the years to obtain these data, lending to generalized salt-tolerance lists used by growers and researchers, Plant response to salinity is affected by several factors, including crop variety, soil texture, climate, and irrigation or other cultural practices. Consideration of these factors in grow-th-response models would permit a more realistic and site-specific prediction of crop yield as a function of soil salinity, A computerized salt-tolerance database management program, SALT-DATA, was developed to store experimental data relating observed crop yields to average rootzone salinity and other parameters affecting plant growth. The information was selectively retrieved from a large collection of published references on salt tolerance. The data were stored in their original reported units, but conversion equations were included to allow comparison of salinity and yield data of different experiments reported in different units. Thus, a comprehensive data set can be built for retrieval, export, and subsequent analysis by various crop salt-tolerance models. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. ARS, USDA, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Ulery, AL (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, MSC 3Q,POB 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RI van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 90 IS 4 BP 556 EP 562 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 124DR UT WOS:000076166500019 ER PT J AU van Beem, J Smith, ME Zobel, RW AF van Beem, J Smith, ME Zobel, RW TI Estimating root mass in maize using a portable capacitance meter SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS; CULTIVARS; GROWTH AB Time and expense are major constraints limiting the detection of genotypic differences in the length, structure, and growth rate of root systems in the soil. Recent development of a hand-held capacitance meter could enable the routine quantification of root mass, The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy with which a BK Precision 810A capacitance meter can estimate root fresh mass in maize (Zea mays L.) using a technique that allows a rapid and noninvasive capacitance reading. The capacitance meter measured root capacitance of maize grown under greenhouse (8 genotypes) and field (6 genotypes) conditions, After the capacitance readings, 14 plants per genotype were uprooted, roots mere washed thoroughly, and root fresh mass was obtained. The statistical relationship between capacitance and root fresh mass in greenhouse experiments was significant early in the growth season for all genotypes (r(2) = 0.73, P < 0.001), and significant only late in the growth season fur inbreds (r(2) = 0.56, P < 0.001), Field studies showed that capacitance and root fresh mass were statistically correlated for all genotypes at flowering (r(2) = 0.69, P < 0.001), In conclusion, capacitance meters equipped with a clamp for rapid attachment to the plant may facilitate the nondestructive identification of genotypes with root characteristics that confer adaptation to various environments. Conditions for accurate capacitance measurements included a moist medium around the plant's root system and a consistent placement of the electrode at 6 cm above the crown. C1 CIMMYT, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP van Beem, J (reprint author), CIMMYT, Lisboa 27,Apdo Postal 6-641, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. NR 11 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 90 IS 4 BP 566 EP 570 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 124DR UT WOS:000076166500021 ER PT J AU Pettis, JS Shimanuki, H Feldlaufer, MF AF Pettis, JS Shimanuki, H Feldlaufer, MF TI Detecting fluvalinate - Resistant varroa mites SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pettis, JS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476 BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 138 IS 7 BP 535 EP 537 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZZ407 UT WOS:000074726300010 ER PT J AU Pettis, JS Shimanuki, H Feldlaufer, MF AF Pettis, JS Shimanuki, H Feldlaufer, MF TI An assay to detect fluvalinate resistance in varroa mites SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID JACOBSONI OUD AB A field assay was developed to screen Varroa mites for resistance to fluvalinate (Apistan(R))(1). The assay relies upon a comparison in mite drop between 2.5% and 10% fluvalinate using paired samples of live adult honey bees from the same colony. Two samples from each of 10-12 colonies were collected per apiary and bees were held in jars for 24 hours at 75-95 degrees F. After 24 hours, mite fall was recorded and the number of mites remaining on bees was determined. Percent mortality was calculated for each concentration. Results from tests in four states revealed that when mites were susceptible to fluvalinate (controlled with Apistan(R) in 3-4 weeks) they had nearly equal mite fall and percent mortality was above 85% for both concentrations. In contrast, mites deemed resistant (from colonies where Apistan did not provide control) exhibited large concentration-dependent differences in mite fall, with percent mortality less than 30% and 50% for the 2.5 and 10% concentrations, respectively. The assay was designed to enable beekeepers to assess Varroa populations for resistance to fluvalinate and is useful in predicting anticipated control. C1 ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pettis, JS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476 BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 6 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 138 IS 7 BP 538 EP 541 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA ZZ407 UT WOS:000074726300011 ER PT J AU DiFazio, SP Wilson, MV Vance, NC AF DiFazio, SP Wilson, MV Vance, NC TI Factors limiting seed production of Taxus brevifolia (Taxaceae) in western Oregon SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE overstory; Pacific yew; pollen limitation; predation; seed; Taxaceae; Taxus brevifolia ID HERBACEOUS PERENNIAL LEGUME; POLLEN LIMITATION; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; RESOURCE LIMITATION; CANADENSIS MARSH; FRUIT; FLOWER; PATTERNS; CANOPY; PLANTS AB Seed production of Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia), an understory conifer, was studied at four sites in western Oregon over 2 yr. The effects of pollen supplementation, overstory canopy, and predator exclusion on ovule attrition were examined. Supplemental hand-pollination of ten trees at two sites resulted in significantly increased rates of ovule development and a doubling of seed efficiency (ratio of seeds to ovules). However, seed efficiency still averaged <15% on branches receiving supplemental pollen, so pollination was not a primary factor limiting seed production. The number of developing ovules was positively associated with overstory openness, but seed production was not. Seed efficiency was negatively associated with overstory openness. Branches bagged to exclude vertebrate seed predators had higher seed production than unbagged branches at three of four sites for 2 yr. Ln contrast to unbagged branches, seed production on bagged branches was positively associated with overstory openness, as was the effectiveness of bagging. Therefore. both vertebrate predation and overstory were important ill limiting seed production, and these factors interacted. Factors limiting seed production varied in importance among the four sites and between years, illustrating the importance of examining multiple limiting factors over several sites and years. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP DiFazio, SP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Forestry Sci Lab 020, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 61 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 85 IS 7 BP 910 EP 918 DI 10.2307/2446356 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 104DQ UT WOS:000074998000002 PM 21684973 ER PT J AU Huang, HW Dane, F Kubisiak, TL AF Huang, HW Dane, F Kubisiak, TL TI Allozyme and RAPD analysis of the genetic diversity and geographic variation in wild populations of the American chestnut (Fagaceae) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE allozyme variation; Castanea dentata; conservation; Fagaceae; geographic variation; genetic diversity; population structure; random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) ID CASTANEA-SATIVA MILL; CRYPHONECTRIA-PARASITICA; EUROPE; CULTIVARS; PATTERNS; HISTORY; CHINESE; OAKS AB Genetic variation among 12 populations of the American chestnut (Castanea dentata) was investigated. Population genetic parameters estimated from allozyme variation suggest that C. dentata at both the population and species level has narrow genetic diversity as compared to other species in the genus. Average expected heterozygosity was relatively low for the population collected in the Black Rock Mountain State Park, Georgia (H-e = 0.096 +/- 0.035), and high for the population in east central Alabama (H-e = 0.196 +/- 0.048). Partitioning of the genetic diversity based on 18 isozyme loci showed that similar to 10% of the allozyme diversity resided among populations. Cluster analysis using unweighted pair-group method using arithmetric averages of Rogers' genetic distance and principal components analysis based on allele frequencies of both isozyme and RAPD loci revealed four groups: the southernmost population, south-central Appalachian populations, northcentral Appalachian populations, and northern Appalachian populations. Based on results presented in this study, a conservation strategy and several recommendations related to the backcross breeding aimed at restoring C. dentata are discussed. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Inst Bot, Moshan Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Dane, F (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Hort, 101 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 44 TC 48 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 12 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 85 IS 7 BP 1013 EP 1021 DI 10.2307/2446368 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 104DQ UT WOS:000074998000014 PM 21684985 ER PT J AU Santos, MS Gaziano, JM Leka, LS Beharka, AA Hennekens, CH Meydani, SN AF Santos, MS Gaziano, JM Leka, LS Beharka, AA Hennekens, CH Meydani, SN TI beta-carotene-induced enhancement of natural killer cell activity in elderly men: an investigation of the role of cytokines SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE natural killer cell activity; interferon alpha; IFN-alpha; interferon gamma; IFN-gamma; interleukin 12; IL-12; beta-carotene; aging; elderly men; cytokines; Physicians' Health Study ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; AGE-RELATED DECLINE; RETINOIC ACID; GAMMA-PRODUCTION; TARGET-CELLS; NK-CELLS; T-CELLS; INDUCTION; ALPHA; SUPPLEMENTATION AB We showed previously that natural killer (NK) cell activity is significantly greater in elderly men supplemented with beta-carotene than in those taking placebo. In an attempt to determine the mechanism of beta-carotene's effect, we analyzed the production of NK cell-enhancing cytokines (interferon alpha, interferon gamma, and interleukin 12), Boston-area participants in the Physicians' Health Study (men aged 65-88 y; mean age, 73 y) who had been supplemented with beta-carotene (50 mg on alternate days) for an average of 12 y were enrolled in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Elderly subjects taking beta-carotene supplements had significantly greater plasma beta-carotene concentrations than those taking placebo. beta-Carotene-supplemented elderly men had significantly greater NK cell activity than did elderly men receiving placebo, Percentages of NK cells (CD16(+)CD56(+)) were not significantly different between the beta-carotene and placebo groups. Production of interleukin 12, interferon alpha, or concanavalin A-stimulated interferon gamma by cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells was not significantly different between beta-carotene-supplemented elderly and those taking placebo. Our results indicate that beta-carotene-induced enhancement of NK cell activity is not mediated by changes in percentages of CD16(+)CD56(+) NK cells nor through up-regulation of interleukin 12 or interferon alpha. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Dept Med, W Roxbury, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM S_Meydani_IM@hnrc.tufts.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-26490, HL-34595]; NIA NIH HHS [T32AG00209] NR 33 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 68 IS 1 BP 164 EP 170 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZX598 UT WOS:000074534300023 PM 9665110 ER PT J AU Morlese, JF Forrester, T Jahoor, F AF Morlese, JF Forrester, T Jahoor, F TI Acute-phase protein response to infection in severe malnutrition SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 97 Conference CY APR 06-10, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA DE alpha(1)-antitrypsin; C-reactive protein; haptoglobin; marasmus ID MALNOURISHED CHILDREN; ENERGY MALNUTRITION; PLASMA; ENDOTOXIN; KINETICS; HUMANS AB It is not known whether malnourished infants can mount a comprehensive acute-phase protein (APP) response and, if so, whether this is achieved by increasing APP synthesis rates. To address these issues, we measured lj the plasma concentrations of five APPs (C-reactive protein, alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein, alpha(1)-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, and fibrinogen) and 2) the synthesis rates of three APPs (alpha(1)-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, and fibrinogen) using a constant intragastric infusion of[H-2(3)]leucine in nine infected marasmic children at similar to 2 days postadmission (study 1), similar to 9 days postadmission when infections had cleared (study 2), and similar to 59 days postadmission at recovery (study 3). Except for fibrinogen, the plasma concentrations of all APPs were higher in study 1 than in studies 2 and 3. Although the rate of synthesis of haptoglobin was significantly greater in study 2 than study 2, the rates of fibrinogen and alpha(1)-antitrypsin synthesis were similar in all three studies. These results show that Ii severely malnourished children can mount an APP response to infection which does not include fibrinogen and 2) the APP response is accomplished through different mechanisms. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA,Agr Res Serv, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ W Indies, Trop Metab Res Unit, Kingston 7, Jamaica. RP Jahoor, F (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA,Agr Res Serv, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD-34224-01A1] NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 275 IS 1 BP E112 EP E117 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA ZZ417 UT WOS:000074727300016 PM 9688881 ER PT J AU Treuth, MS Adolph, AL Butte, NF AF Treuth, MS Adolph, AL Butte, NF TI Energy expenditure in children predicted from heart rate and activity calibrated against respiration calorimetry SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE energy metabolism; oxygen consumption; heart rate monitoring ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER AB The purpose of this study was to predict energy expenditure (EE) from heart rate (HR) and activity calibrated against 24-h respiration calorimetry in 20 children. HR, oxygen consumption ((V) over dot O-2), carbon dioxide production ((V) over dot CO2), and EE were measured during rest, sleep, exercise, and over 24 h by room respiration calorimetry on two separate occasions. Activity was monitored by a leg vibration sensor. The calibration day (day 1) consisted of specified behaviors categorized as inactive (lying, sitting, standing) or active (two bicycle sessions). On the validation day (day 2), the child selected activities. Separate regression equations for (V) over dot O-2, (V) over dot CO2, and EE for method 1 (combining awake and asleep using HR, HR2, and HR3), method 2 (separating awake and asleep), and method 3 (separating awake into active and inactive, and combining activity and HR) were developed using the calibration data. For day 1, the errors were similar for 24-h (V) over dot O-2, (V) over dot CO2, and EE among methods and also among HR, HR2, and HR3. The methods were validated using measured data from day 2. There were no significant differences in HR, (V) over dot O-2, (V) over dot CO2, respiratory quotient, and EE values during rest, sleep, or over the 24 h between days 1 and 2. Applying the linear KR equations to day 2 data, the errors were the lowest with the combined HR/activity.method (-2.6 +/- 5.2%, -4.1 +/- 5.9%, -2.9 +/- 5.1% for (V) over dot O-2, (V) over dot CO2, and EE, respectively). To demonstrate the utility of the HR/activity method, HR and activity were monitored for 24 h at home (day 3). Free-living EE was predicted as 7,410 +/- 1,326 kJ/day. In conclusion, the combination of HR and activity is an acceptable method for determining EE not only for groups of children, but for individuals. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Treuth, MS (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 14 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 275 IS 1 BP E12 EP E18 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA ZZ417 UT WOS:000074727300003 PM 9688868 ER PT J AU Sanford, LL Kowalski, SP Ronning, CM Deahl, KL AF Sanford, LL Kowalski, SP Ronning, CM Deahl, KL TI Leptines and other glycoalkaloids in tetraploid Solanum tuberosum x Solanum chacoense F-2 hybrid and backcross families SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; SEGREGATION AB The leptine glycoalkaloids from Solanum chacoense Bitter are potential resistance factors to Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. A selected sample of 17 F-1 hybrids (4x) from crosses of a 4x S. chacoense clone that synthesizes leptines (8380-1) with 4x S. tuberosum L. lines were selfed to generate FZ hybrids (4x) and were also backcrossed to S. tuberosum. Glycoalkaloid (GA) content in foliage and tubers was measured for 786 sibling genotypes from the two generations in the field at Beltsville, Maryland, Leptines were found in the foliage of all F-2 hybrids and in 98% of the backcross genotypes. Leptines were not detected in tubers hom either generation. Foliage concentrations of leptines for the F-2 hybrids averaged 156 mg/100g fresh weight (FW), The proportion of the total GA content consisting of leptines averaged 42%. By backcrossing the F-1 hybrids to S. tuberosum the average concentration of leptines was reduced to 44 mg/100g FW. The proportion of leptines averaged 16%. The tuber contents of solanine plus chaconine glycoalkaloids averaged 52 mg/100g FW for the F-2 hybrids and 27 mg/100g for the backcross genotypes. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sanford, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 75 IS 4 BP 167 EP 172 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 118QL UT WOS:000075851400001 ER PT J AU Bamberg, JB Palta, JP Peterson, LA Martin, M Krueger, AR AF Bamberg, JB Palta, JP Peterson, LA Martin, M Krueger, AR TI Fine screening potato (Solanum) species germplasm for tuber calcium SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE potato; Solanum; tuber calcium; fine screening; germplasm; selection ID SOFT ROT; ACCUMULATION; ATROSEPTICA; RESPONSES; ROOTS AB A representative sample of the US potato germplasm collection was screened in the greenhouse for ability to accumulate tuber calcium. Germplasm with very high and very low calcium accumulation capacity has been identified by progressively screening for extremes among species, among populations (accessions), and finally among genotypes (i.e., fine screening). Among accessions, the best S. gourlayi and microdontum populations averaged more than six-fold greater tuber calcium than the poorest S. kurtzianum population. When screening was performed at the genotype level, the best individuals of gourlayi and microdontum had over eight-fold greater calcium than the poorest kurtzianum individual. When grown in the field, calcium levels of S. microdontum selections were confirmed to be significantly higher than tuberosum cultivars. When selected genotypes were intercrossed and their progeny mere compared to their original populations, mean tuber calcium was significantly changed in the intended direction of selection for S. kurtzianum (made lower) and S. microdontum (made higher). These stocks are expected to be useful tools for study of the genetic and physiological bases of tuber calcium accumulation, refining screening methods, and breeding improved cultivars. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, NRSP 6, Potato Introduct Stn, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bamberg, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, NRSP 6, Potato Introduct Stn, 4312 Hwy 42, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 0003-0589 J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 75 IS 4 BP 181 EP 186 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 118QL UT WOS:000075851400004 ER PT J AU Tooley, PW Carras, MM Lambert, DH AF Tooley, PW Carras, MM Lambert, DH TI Application of a PCR-based test for detection of potato late blight and pink pot in tubers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE detection; PCR; polymerase chain reaction; molecular biology; potato late blight ID PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; DNA; POLYMERASE AB A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based test for potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and pink rot (P. erythroseptica, P. nicotianae) diseases has been developed for use with potato tuber tissue. Primers based on sequence analysis of the ITS2 region of ribosomal DNA of late blight and pink rot pathogens were utilized in PCR assays of inoculated tubers and tubers harvested from plots known to have late blight and/or pink rot. Assays of artificially inoculated Kennebec and Russet Burbank tubers revealed that P. infestans was detected by PCR as early as 72 h after inoculation and in the absence of visible symptoms. Much higher detection frequencies were obtained by PCR compared with plating on selective medium or placement of tissue in moist chambers. Tubers from plots known to have late blight and/or pink rot mere tested using the PCR assay. Assay of late blight lesions showed ca. 80% recovery for late blight-infected tubers horn the field. Results indicate that the PCR assay provides a rapid and accurate test for diagnosis of late blight and pink rot in potato tubers. C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, Orono, ME 04669 USA. RP Tooley, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, 1301 Ditto Ave, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 0003-0589 J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 75 IS 4 BP 187 EP 194 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 118QL UT WOS:000075851400005 ER PT J AU Zimmer, JP Garza, C Butte, NF Goldman, AS AF Zimmer, JP Garza, C Butte, NF Goldman, AS TI Maternal blood B-cell (CD19+) percentages and serum immunoglobulin concentrations correlate with breast-feeding behavior and serum prolactin concentration SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Meeting for the American-Society-for-Reproductive-Medicine CY OCT 18-23, 1997 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Amer Soc Reprod Med DE IgA; IgG; IgM; lactation ID RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; PREGNANCY; INFECTION; LACTATION; ONSET; RISK; MICE; IGG AB PROBLEM: Lactating women recover from pregnancy-induced immunosuppression while actively secreting immunologically active agents into milk. Few clinical studies have examined changes in postpartum maternal immune status or explored mechanisms. METHOD OF STUDY: We measured blood B-cell (CD19+) percentages and serum concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM, and IgA at 1 to 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months postpartum in a longitudinal study of seven healthy, lactating women. RESULTS: More frequent or extended breast-feeding sessions were correlated with lower CD19+ percentages, reduced serum IgG, and higher serum IgA and IgM concentrations. CD19+ percentages were correlated negatively with serum prolactin concentrations. Blood samples drawn before and 30 min after breast-feeding did not differ in CD19+ percentages or serum Ig concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm our previous cross-sectional study showing a negative correlation between CD19+ percentages and serum prolactin. Because lactation practices are modifiable, these findings suggest that women can influence the course of lactation-associated immunologic changes. C1 Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Div Pediat Immunol Allergy, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. RP Garza, C (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD21049-06] NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 8755-8920 J9 AM J REPROD IMMUNOL JI Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 40 IS 1 BP 57 EP 62 PG 6 WC Immunology; Reproductive Biology SC Immunology; Reproductive Biology GA ZY638 UT WOS:000074643700011 PM 9689362 ER PT J AU Henzler, DJ Kradel, DC Sischo, WM AF Henzler, DJ Kradel, DC Sischo, WM TI Management and environmental risk factors for Salmonella enteritidis contamination of eggs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PHAGE TYPE-4 INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; LAYING HENS; LAYER FLOCK; OUTBREAKS; POOLS; MODEL; FARMS AB Objective-To analyze data for 60 poultry flocks voluntarily enrolled in the Pennsylvania Salmonella enteritidis Pilot Project and determine management and environmental risk factors associated with production of S enteritidis-contaminated eggs. Sample Population-60 flocks for which at least 1 environmental sample (manure or egg-handling equipment) was positive for S enteritidis. Procedure-Samples of manure, egg-handling equipment, and mice were submitted for bacterial culture of S enteritidis. When S enteritidis was isolated from environmental samples, 1,000 eggs were collected from the flock every 2 weeks for 8 weeks and submitted for bacterial culture. Results-18 flocks were found to have produced contaminated eggs. Estimated overall prevalence of contaminated eggs was 2.64/10,000 eggs produced, but flock-specific prevalence ranged from 0 to 62.5/10,000 eggs. Flocks with high levels of manure contamination were 10 times as likely to produce contaminated eggs as were flocks with low levels. However, 5 flocks with low levels of manure contamination produced contaminated eggs. Conclusions-Evaluation of the level of manure contamination could be used to help identify flocks at risk of producing S enteritidis-contaminated eggs. Clinical Relevance-Flocks with high levels of S enteritidis-contaminated manure appeared to pose the greatest public health threat, and on-farm programs to reduce the prevalence of egg contamination should be developed for farms with high levels of manure contamination. Efforts to reduce the overall number of on-farm pathogens should decrease the incidence of foodborne disease in humans. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Penn Poultry Federat, Harrisburg, PA 17109 USA. RP Sischo, WM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Tast Lahti, Elina/R-8664-2016 NR 19 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 59 IS 7 BP 824 EP 829 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 135QN UT WOS:000076814300009 PM 9659545 ER PT J AU Cortese, VS Whittaker, R Ellis, J Ridpath, JF Bolin, SR AF Cortese, VS Whittaker, R Ellis, J Ridpath, JF Bolin, SR TI Specificity and duration of neutralizing antibodies induced in healthy cattle after administration of a modified-live virus vaccine against bovine viral diarrhea SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ANTIGENIC DIVERSITY; INFECTION; CALVES; TITERS AB Objective-To determine the duration for cross-neutralizing antibodies stimulated by administration of a single dose of a modified-live vaccine against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) to seronegative cattle. Animals-23 Angus cows seronegative to BVDV. Procedure-Cows were randomly assigned to control (unvaccinated) or test (vaccinated) groups. Eighteen BVDV-seronegative Angus cattle were vaccinated via IM injection with a modified-live BVDV (NADL strain) vaccine and commingled with 5 unvaccinated seronegative cows. Serum was obtained from the cows before vaccination, on the day of vaccination, and 1.5, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months after vaccination. Serum neutralizing antibody tests were performed on samples obtained at each point after vaccination, using a panel of 12 strains of BVDV that, on the basis of reactivity with monoclonal antibodies, were identified as heterologous. Results-Antibodies against all 12 strains of BVDV (which we tested) were detected by use of viral neutralization testing in samples obtained from vaccinated cattle 18 months after vaccination; however, concentration of antibody for some of the strains was low. Nonvaccinated cattle remained seronegative throughout the 18-month study period. Clinical Implications-Analysis of these data indicated that modified-live BVDV vaccines could stimulate an antibody response in seronegative cows that was detectable for at least 18 months after vaccination. These antibodies were able to cross neutralize 12 antigenically diverse strains of BVDV. C1 Pfizer Inc, Pfizer Anim Hlth, Exton, PA 19341 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W0, Canada. White Acre Registered Angus Farm, Downington, PA 19335 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Cortese, VS (reprint author), Pfizer Inc, Pfizer Anim Hlth, 812 Springdale Dr, Exton, PA 19341 USA. NR 20 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 59 IS 7 BP 848 EP 850 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 135QN UT WOS:000076814300013 PM 9659549 ER PT J AU Windberg, LA AF Windberg, LA TI Population trends and habitat associations of rodents in southern Texas SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; COMMUNITY; DEMOGRAPHY; DENSITY; COYOTES AB Population trends for seven genera of rodents were monitored by snap-trap capture rates on a study area (700 km(2)) in Webb County, Texas, during winter from 1976 to 1986. Population irruptions occurred in 1982 (46-fold) and 1986 (13-fold) for Sigmodon, and in 1982 (17-fold) for Reithrodontomys. Annual variability in abundance was positively correlated between the following pairs of genera: Sigmodon-Reithrodontomys, Peromyscus-Onychomys, Onychomys-Reithrodontomys, and Dipodomys-Chaetodipus. Annual abundance of Sigmodon in winter was positively correlated with rainfall in the prior growing season. Analysis of the distribution of the composite rodent community among five vegetative habitats revealed greater abundance of rodents in the most dense and diverse shrub community (high-density shrub/mixed-grass habitat). C1 Utah State Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Denver Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Windberg, LA (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Denver Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 140 IS 1 BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(1998)140[0153:PTAHAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 104KR UT WOS:000075014000016 ER PT J AU Reddy, VR Pachepsky, YA Whisler, FD AF Reddy, VR Pachepsky, YA Whisler, FD TI Allometric relationships in field-grown soybean SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE soybean; Glycine max L.; allometry; vegetative development ID STEM DIAMETER; PLANT HEIGHT; COMPETITION; POPULATIONS; BIOMASS; YIELD AB Allometric relationships in plants uncover size-correlated variations in form and development and characterize the relative growth of a part of a plant in comparison with a whole. Stable allometric relationships in ontogeny can be used as components of crop models and to estimate plant parameters that are difficult to measure. Our objective was to discover whether stable allometric relations exist in ontogeny of field-grown soybeans (Glycine max L.). We used field data on vegetative stages, plant height, stem weight, and leaf weight of 16 soybean cultivars measured on farms and on the experiment station of Mississippi Stale University during 1993-1995 growing seasons. The number of observed crops for each cultivar ranged from one to 14. Stem heights displayed linear log-log dependencies on the vegetative stage, before and after the breakpoint stage, which typically was between the 'fourth node' and 'sixth node' vegetative stages. Slopes of the log-log dependencies after the breakpoint stage were similar in all cultivars. Stem mass had log-log linear dependencies on stem height. Slopes of these dependencies differed among cultivars grown under the same conditions, and among crops of the same cultivar grown under different conditions. Water stress could be a modifier of these relationships. The proportion of leaf weights in the total weight of leaves and stems decreased linearly as the vegetative development progressed. Since allometric relations are stable for a specific crop, they can be used to forecast vegetative development as soon as they are established. (C) 1998 Annals of Botany Company. C1 ARS, USDA, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Duke Univ Phytotron, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Pachepsky, YA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 34 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 82 IS 1 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1006/anbo.1998.0650 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 101NB UT WOS:000074874100016 ER PT J AU Greenstone, MH Edwards, MJ AF Greenstone, MH Edwards, MJ TI DNA hybridization probe for endoparasitism by Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Microplitis croceipes; Microplitis demolitor; Cotesia marginiventris; Helicoverpa; Heliothis; biological control; parasitoid ID REPETITIVE DNA; PARASITISM; PATTERNS; IDENTIFICATION; CONSTRUCTION; POPULATIONS; LEPIDOPTERA; SEQUENCE; DIPTERA; COTTON AB We describe a DNA hybridization assay for an insect endoparasitoid. The probe is a digoxigenin-labeled 438 bp fragment from a genomic library of the braconid Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), a larval endoparasitoid of heliothine noctuids. The assay is run on nylon membranes and can detect 125 pg of target DNA. Estimates of parasitization rate in large samples of simultaneously parasitized larvae of the host Helicoverpa zee (Boddie), made by hybridization probe assay of unamplified host homogenates and by dissection, are not statistically distinguishable for 1st or 2nd instar parasitoids. It should be possible to perform the entire procedure, from host collection and DNA extraction to evaluation of assay results: in 1 d, making this prototype technology useful as a monitoring and management tool. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Greenstone, MH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, 1301 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 91 IS 4 BP 415 EP 421 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 110BX UT WOS:000075360300008 ER PT J AU Graczyk, TK Fayer, R Trout, JM Lewis, EJ Farley, CA Sulaiman, I Lal, AA AF Graczyk, TK Fayer, R Trout, JM Lewis, EJ Farley, CA Sulaiman, I Lal, AA TI Giardia sp. cysts and infectious Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in the feces of migratory Canada geese (Branta canadensis) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULLS; LARUS; HOST AB Fecal droppings of migratory Canada geese, Branta canadensis, collected from nine sites near the Chesapeake Bay (Maryland), were examined for the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia spp. Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts were found in feces at seven of nine sites, and Giardia cysts were found at all nine sites. The oocysts from three sites were infectious for mice and molecularly identified as the zoonotic genotype of Cryptosporidium parvum. Waterfowl can disseminate infectious C. parvum oocysts in the environment. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. USDA ARS, Immun & Dis Resistance Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Graczyk, TK (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM tgraczyk@jhsph.edu NR 18 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 64 IS 7 BP 2736 EP 2738 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ZY646 UT WOS:000074644700066 PM 9647860 ER PT J AU Stabel, JR AF Stabel, JR TI Does Mycobacterium paratuberculosis survive current pasteurization conditions? - Reply SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID CONDITIONS SIMULATING PASTEURIZATION; MILK C1 USDA ARS, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, Midwest Area Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, Midwest Area Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 64 IS 7 BP 2760 EP 2761 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ZY646 UT WOS:000074644700072 ER PT J AU Capdevielle, MC Hart, LE Goff, J Scanes, CG AF Capdevielle, MC Hart, LE Goff, J Scanes, CG TI Aluminum and acid effects on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in young growing chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) and mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; GROWTH-RELATED HORMONES; DIETARY ALUMINUM; BLACK DUCKS; BROILER CHICKS; RENAL-FAILURE; FOOD QUALITY; BONE; PRECIPITATION; PERFORMANCE AB Acidification is associated with increased mortality, reduced growth, and bone abnormalities in birds. Associated with acid deposition is an increase in aluminum availability due to solubilization from soil and other sources. (Conversely, experimental diets containing aluminum sulfate have much reduced pHs.) The present studies compare the effects of two levels of dietary acid (sulfuric acid) (0.122 and 0.56 mol H+ per kg feed; 0.056 and 0.277 mol sulfate per kg feed) and dietary aluminum (aluminum sulfate at 0.1 and 0.5%; sulfate at 0.056 and 0.277 mol sulfate per kg feed) on bone growth, mineralization, and phosphorous/calcium homeostasis in growing birds (chickens and mallard ducks). Growth was reduced by the high acid (chicken) and aluminum (ducks and chickens) diets, A reduction in bone mineralization was observed in birds receiving aluminum-containing diets [low aluminum diet: decreased tibia ash, calcium, and phosphorus (chickens); high aluminum diet: decreased tibia dry weight, % of ash and mg; ash, calcium (chickens, ducks as % of ash), and phosphorus (chickens mg/duck, % of ash)]. Moreover, plasma concentrations of inorganic phosphate were reduced in chicks on the high aluminum diet. Then were also marked decreases in bone growth and mineralization [tibia weight, ash (mg), calcium (mg), phosphorus (mg)] and plasma concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D-3 in chicks on the high acid diet compared to those on a control diet. These changes were probably due to reduced feed intake; changes in bone indices being of a greater or similar magnitude in pairfed control. Then was little change in bone indices, growth rate or feed consumption in ducklings receiving either the low or high acid diets. It is concluded that aluminum directly adversely affected bone mineralization whereas acid effects are mediated in part by changes in feed consumption. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Joint Program Toxicol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Anim Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 124, Canada. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Midwest Area, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Capdevielle, MC (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Joint Program Toxicol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 35 IS 1 BP 82 EP 88 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA ZR850 UT WOS:000074020800014 PM 9601924 ER PT J AU Carmena-Ramon, RF Ordovas, JM Ascaso, JF Real, J Priego, MA Carmena, R AF Carmena-Ramon, RF Ordovas, JM Ascaso, JF Real, J Priego, MA Carmena, R TI Influence of genetic variation at the apo A-I gene locus on lipid levels and response to diet in familial hypercholesterolemia SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein AI; genetic variation; familial hypercholesterolemia; diet ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; PROMOTER REGION; TRANSCRIPTION EFFICIENCY; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; POLYMORPHISM; PLASMA; ASSOCIATION; CIII; CLUSTER AB We have examined the apo AI - 75 (G/A) and apo AI + 83(MspI +/-) polymorphisms at the APOA1 gene locus for associations with plasma lipid levels and response to an NCEP-I diet in 69 (44 women, 25 men) heterozygotes for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Subjects were studied at baseline (after consuming for one month a diet with 35% fat, 10% saturated, and 300 mg/day cholesterol) and after 3 months of an NCEP-I diet. No gender-related differences for any of the lipid variables examined were found and the data were analyzed for men and women combined. For the apo AI - 75 (G/A) polymorphism, there were 51 G/G and 18 G/A subjects. At baseline, G/A subjects showed significantly lower total cholesterol (p = 0.0036), and LDL-C (p = 0.0023), and apo B (p = 0.0209), than G/G individuals, but no differences were found for HDL-C, triglycerides and VLDL-C values. Following the NCEP-I diet these genotype-related differences remained significant for total and LDL-C. The MspI (-) allele at the apo AI + 83 polymorphism was detected in the heterozygous state in five subjects and its presence was not associated with altered baseline lipids nor with dietary response to the NCEP-I diet. Our results suggest that FH subjects carrying the A allele at the apoAI - 75 (G/A) polymorphism have significantly lower total and LDL-C and apo B baseline levels but respond to a low-fat diet with similar reductions in total and LDL-C when compared with homozygotes for the G allele at this polymorphic site. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Valencia, Hosp Clin, Dept Med, Valencia, Spain. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ordovas_LI@hnrc.tufts.edu OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 54776] NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUL PY 1998 VL 139 IS 1 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(98)00064-1 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 103WT UT WOS:000074981400012 PM 9699897 ER PT J AU Fisher, ME Trampel, DW Griffith, RW AF Fisher, ME Trampel, DW Griffith, RW TI Postmortem detection of acute septicemia in broilers SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE broiler; Escherichia coli; Pasteurella multocida; Staphylococcus aureus; septicemia; inspection ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CHICKENS; INFECTION; TURKEYS AB Septicemia is an unwholesome condition diagnosed during postmortem inspection in poultry slaughter establishments on the basis of macroscopic lesions. Early identification of septicemia has important public health implications. In this study, Pasteurella multocida, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus septicemia were induced in broilers in order to determine if lesions of acute septicemia can be grossly detected in the visceral organs of broiler carcasses prior to the development of changes in the skeletal muscle. Increased spleen and liver weights were observed during the acute phase of septicemia. Airsacculitis, pericarditis, and perihepatitis were observed during the acute phase of P. multocida- and E. roll-induced septicemia; and arthritis was the earliest indicator of S. aureus-induced septicemia. These macroscopic lesions were sufficient to identify unwholesome septicemic broiler carcasses prior to the development of changes in the skeletal muscle of the carcass. C1 US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Tech Serv Ctr, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Vet Med, Vet Extens, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fisher, ME (reprint author), US Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Tech Serv Ctr, 106 S 15th St Suite 904, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 42 IS 3 BP 452 EP 461 DI 10.2307/1592671 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 122QJ UT WOS:000076082700002 PM 9777145 ER PT J AU Crawford, JM Garcia, M Stone, H Swayne, D Slemons, R Perdue, ML AF Crawford, JM Garcia, M Stone, H Swayne, D Slemons, R Perdue, ML TI Molecular characterization of the hemagglutinin gene and oral immunization with a waterfowl-origin avian influenza virus SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; hemagglutinin protein; oral immunization; Orthomyxoviridae; poultry; vaccine; waterfowl ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; CLEAVAGE SITE; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE; A VIRUSES; CHICKENS; PATHOGENICITY; EMERGENCE; INFERENCE; MECHANISM; VIRULENCE AB Vaccination against highly pathogenic (HP) subtypes of avian influenza (AI) virus in poultry has been prohibited in the United States. Recently, policy has been changed to potentially allow use of inactivated vaccines in emergency programs to control HP H5 and H7 AI. Vaccination with inactivated virus against non-highly pathogenic AI viruses has been allowed in the U.S. turkey industry since 1979 (1) bur requires expensive handling of individual birds for parenteral inoculation. Oral immunization would provide a less expensive method to protect commercial poultry from AI. Prime candidates for oral vaccines are waterfowl-origin (WFO) isolates, which have a tropism for the alimentary tract. One WFO isolate, A/mallard/Ohio/556/1987 (H5N9) (MOh87), was characterized by determining the complete nucleotide sequence of its hemagglutinin (HA) gene. The HA protein of this isolate possessed a deduced amino acid sequence nearly identical to the consensus amino acid sequence for all published H5 genes, indicating that it has potential as a broadly effective vaccine. Experimental results demonstrated measurable serum antibody responses to orally delivered live and inactivated preparations of MOh87. Oral vaccination also protected chickens from diverse, lethal H5 AI virus challenge strains and blocked cloacal shedding of challenge virus. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Med Microbiol, Sch Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Perdue, ML (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 42 IS 3 BP 486 EP 496 DI 10.2307/1592675 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 122QJ UT WOS:000076082700006 PM 9777149 ER PT J AU King, DJ Seal, BS AF King, DJ Seal, BS TI Biological and molecular characterization of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) field isolates with comparisons to reference NDV strains SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE anhinga; avian paramyxovirus; chicken; Newcastle disease; parrot; pathogenicity; rhea; turkey ID UNITED-STATES; PROTEIN GENE; SEQUENCE; TURKEYS AB Fifty-seven Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates from chickens, turkeys, a rhea, a parrot, and an anhinga were pathotyped and characterized by monoclonal antibody (mAb) inhibition profile, elution rare, and hemagglutinin thermostability. Nucleotide sequence analysis of portions of the fusion protein and matrix protein genes of the parrot isolate was done for comparison with prior sequence analysis of the anhinga isolate and NDV reference strains. Seven of the 43 chicken isolates were recovered from flocks in Canada. The remaining isolates, including 11 from turkeys, were isolated in the United States. All isolates except that of the anhinga were of low virulence by mean death time in embryos, intracerebral pathogenicity index, and/or intravenous pathogenicity index procedures and were classified as lentogens. The anhinga isolate was more virulent than the other strains and was pathotyped as a mesogen. However, nucleotide sequence analysis of the anhinga isolate had revealed a homology with the virulent cormorant isolates of 1992 rather than the classical U.S. mesogens characterized by the Roakin strain. Variability was evident among the lentogenic isolates. Two isolates from turkeys had mAb profiles that differed from B1 and La Sera reference and vaccine strains, and 38% (21/56) of the isolates had more thermostable hemagglutinins than those reference strains. There was no evidence that any of the isolates from poultry were more virulent than the lentogenic pathotype. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP King, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 42 IS 3 BP 507 EP 516 DI 10.2307/1592677 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 122QJ UT WOS:000076082700008 PM 9777151 ER PT J AU Genovese, KJ Moyes, RB Genovese, LL Lowry, VK Kogut, MH AF Genovese, KJ Moyes, RB Genovese, LL Lowry, VK Kogut, MH TI Resistance to Salmonella enteritidis organ invasion in day-old turkeys and chickens by transformed T-cell line-produced lymphokines SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE turkey; chicken; lymphokine; T cell; heterophil; Salmonella enteritidis ID BOVINE NEONATAL NEUTROPHILS; IMMUNE LYMPHOKINES; ADULT CATTLE; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITIES; LEGHORN CHICKS; HETEROPHILS; COMPETENCE; ONTOGENY; INVITRO AB We previously reported an increased resistance to Salmonella enteritidis (SE) organ invasion in chicks and turkey poults injected prophylactically with SE-immune lymphokines (ILK). In the present study, concanavalin A (Con-A)-activated splenic T cells isolated from SE-hyperimmunized hens were transformed in vitro with reticuloendotheliosis virus strain T (REV-T) (chicken syncitial virus). These transformed T cells were then maintained as a long-term (>1 yr) cell line for the harvest of immune lymphokines (VILK). The efficacy of VILK to protect turkey poults and chicks against SE organ invasion and the correlation between organ invasion and peripheral blood heterophilia were then evaluated. Three groups of day-old poults and chicks were injected intraperitoneally with either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; group A), ILK (group B), or VILK (group C). Thirty minutes postinjection, poults and chicks were challenged per os with 5 x 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU) SE and 5 x 10(4) CFU SE, respectively. At 24 hr posttreatment, birds in groups A, B, and C were euthanatized and liver samples were cultured for the presence of SE. Both the VILK- and ILK-treated turkeys and chicks had significant reductions in organ invasion when compared with the PBS-injected controls (P < 0.005). For peripheral blood studies, turkeys and chicks were treated as above, and at 4 hr post-PBS, ILK, or VILK injection; total and differential peripheral blood counts were performed on birds from each group. A significant (P < 0.05) peripheral blood heterophilia at 4 hr postinjection was observed in the ILK- and VILK-treated birds, with no such increase found in the PBS-injected group. Correlation analysis revealed a direct relationship between the peripheral blood heterophilia in turkeys and chicks seen at 4 hr postinjection and the reduction in SE organ invasion seen in the VILK and ILK treatment groups (r = 0.991, r = 0.91, respectively). T cells isolated and transformed from nonimmune chickens did not produce factors that protected chicks from SE organ invasion and did not cause the peripheral blood heterophilia observed with ILK and VILK. These results show that the virally transformed SE-immune T-cell line produces lymphokines that result in the same level of peripheral blood heterophilia as ILK and was equally protective against SE organ invasion as ILK. C1 Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Genovese, KJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 42 IS 3 BP 545 EP 553 DI 10.2307/1592681 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 122QJ UT WOS:000076082700012 PM 9777155 ER PT J AU Dorner, JW Cole, RJ Blankenship, PD AF Dorner, JW Cole, RJ Blankenship, PD TI Effect of inoculum rate of biological control agents on preharvest aflatoxin contamination of peanuts SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus; Arachis hypogaea; peanut; groundnut; mycotoxin; formulation ID DROUGHT-STRESSED PEANUTS; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TEMPERATURE; PARASITICUS; INVASION AB Studies were conducted during 1994 and 1995 in the environmental control plot facility at the National Peanut Research Laboratory to determine the effect of different inoculum rates of biological control agents on preharvest aflatoxin contamination of Florunner peanuts. Biocontrol agents were nontoxigenic color mutants of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus that were grown on rice for use as soil inoculum. Three replicate plots (4.0 x 5.5 m) were treated with 0, 2, 10, and 50 g/m of row (0, 20, 100, and 500 lb/acre, respectively) of an equal mixture of the color mutant-infested rice in 1994, and the same plots were retreated in 1995. Aflatoxin concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of all peanuts. Treatment means for total kernels in 1994 were 337.6, 73.7, 34.8, and 33.3 ppb for the 0, 2, 10, and 50 g/m treatments, respectively. Regression analysis indicated a trend toward lower aflatoxin concentrations with increasing rates of inoculum (R-2 = 0.40; P < 0.05). For the same repeated treatments in 1995 aflatoxin concentrations in total kernels averaged 718.3, 184.4, 35.9, and 0.4 ppb. Regression analysis revealed a stronger relationship between inoculum rate and aflatoxin concentrations (R-2 = 0.66; P < 0.05) in the second year of treatment. Compared with untreated controls, the 2, 10, and 50 g/m treatments produced respective reductions in aflatoxin of 74.3, 95.0, and 99.9% in the second year. The data indicated not only a treatment-related effect, but also that a higher degree of control might be achieved when plots or fields are retreated with biocontrol agents in subsequent years. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Dorner, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, 1011 Forrester Dr SE, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. NR 21 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 1998 VL 12 IS 3 BP 171 EP 176 DI 10.1006/bcon.1998.0634 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 102VR UT WOS:000074946800003 ER PT J AU Lewis, JA Larkin, RP AF Lewis, JA Larkin, RP TI Formulation of the biocontrol fungus Cladorrhinum foecundissimum to reduce damping-off diseases caused by Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; biocontrol formulations; Cladorrhinum foecundissimum; damping-off; eggplant; pathogen inoculum density; pepper; Pythium ultimum; Rhizoctonia solani ID BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL AGENT; TRICHODERMA; HYPHOMYCETE; ROT AB Five isolates of Cladorrhinum foecundissimum, added to soilless mix as 10-day-old fresh bran preparations (1.0% w/w), significantly reduced (P less than or equal to 0.05) damping-off of eggplant and pepper caused by Rhizoctonia solani strain R-23. After 4 weeks of growth, plant stands in the biocontrol-amended, pathogen-infested treatments (>80%) were comparable to those in the noninfested controls. Since plant stands were similar at 2 and 4 weeks, most of the disease was preemergence damping-off. The bran preparations also reduced saprophytic growth of the pathogen, and there was an inverse correlation (r(2) = -0.94) between saprophytic growth and eggplant stand. Added to soilless mix at a rate of 2.0% (w/w), alginate prill containing 20% fermenter-produced biomass of six biocontrol isolates of C. foecundissimum reduced (P less than or equal to 0.05) damping-off of eggplant caused by R. solani, but only the prill with biomass of isolates Cf-1 or Cf-2 yielded plant stands (>80%) comparable to that in the noninfested control. As with the bran preparations, there was also an inverse correlation (r(2) = -0.80) between saprophytic growth of R-23 and eggplant stand with the alginate prills. Alginate prill with biomass of Cf-1 or Cf-2 also reduced (P 0.05) damping-off of eggplant and pepper caused by other isolates (195, NG-2, DPR-1) of R. solani, but only the stands (>80%) of pepper were similar to that in the noninfested control. Alginate prill formulations of C. foecundissimum (Cf-1, Cf-2, and Cf-3) also reduced (P less than or equal to 0.05) populations of the pathogen and damping-off of eggplant and pepper caused by Pythium ultimum (PuZ3). However, although the plant stands in the treatments were not as high as those in the noninfested controls, they were higher than those in the pathogen-infested controls. The treatments also reduced populations of P. ultimum in the soilless mix so that there were inverse correlations between the pathogen population and eggplant stand (r(2) = -0.81) and pepper stand (r(2) = -0.78). Extruded flour/clay granules containing 5.0% biomass of Cf-1 and Cf-2, added to R. solani-infested soilless mix (2.0%), reduced (P less than or equal to 0.05) damping-off of eggplant and pepper. However, only the Cf-2 treatments resulted in stands (>80%) equal to those in the noninfested controls for the crops after 4 weeks of growth. The influence of bran and alginate prill of Cf-l or Cf-2 on the spatial spread of R. solani and its ability to incite damping-off of eggplant showed that prill with Cf-l or Cf-2 and bran with Cf-2 were equally effective in reducing the spread of the pathogen from the point source of the inoculum to the center of the hats. C1 USDA ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lewis, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jlewis@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 27 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 1998 VL 12 IS 3 BP 182 EP 190 DI 10.1006/bcon.1998.0639 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 102VR UT WOS:000074946800005 ER PT J AU Geden, CJ Bernier, UR Carlson, DA Sutton, BD AF Geden, CJ Bernier, UR Carlson, DA Sutton, BD TI Identification of Muscidifurax spp. parasitoids of muscoid flies, by composition patterns of cuticular hydrocarbons SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Pteromalidae; house fly; Muscidifurax; Musca domestica L.; biocontrol; hydrocarbons; chemotaxonomy ID CONFINED BEEF-CATTLE; RAPTOR HYMENOPTERA; MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; SPECIES HYMENOPTERA; FILTH FLIES; PTEROMALIDAE; DIPTERA; COMPONENTS; MANAGEMENT; GLOSSINA AB Gas chromatographic analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons of Muscidifurax spp. adult females revealed species-specific patterns of composition that allowed identification of Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan and Legner, and Muscidifurax raptorellus Kogan and Legner. A total of 18 components, all C29-C37 alkanes and methylalkanes, accounted for over 90% of the total cuticular hydrocarbons for all three species. Muscidifurax zaraptor was characterized by a high ratio (11.9) of 3-MeC31:internal Me2C35'S, whereas this ratio was <3 for the other species. Muscidifurax raptorellus was characterized by a low (<1) 3-MeC31:3,7,15-Me3C37 ratio compared with ratios of 3.1 and 6.3 for these components in M. raptor and M. zaraptor, respectively. Three populations of M. raptorellus could be distinguished from one another based on two other component ratios (5- and 7-MeC31:3MeC32, 5- and 7-MeC31:3,7- to 3,15-Me2C33) With either 100% (Nebraska population) or 90% (Chilean and Peruvian populations) certainty. Comparison of M. raptor colonies established from five different locations (Florida, France, Germany, Brazil, Hungary) indicated that the hydrocarbon pattern was highly conserved in this species. A dichotomous key to species based on ratios of cuticular hydrocarbon components unambiguously classified the 50 samples of Muscidifurax spp. used to construct the key, plus five additional samples from different geographic locations. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Vet & Agr Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Florida State Dept Agr, Div Plant Ind, Methods Dept, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Geden, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Vet & Agr Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 EI 1090-2112 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD JUL PY 1998 VL 12 IS 3 BP 200 EP 207 DI 10.1006/bcon.1998.0626 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 102VR UT WOS:000074946800007 ER PT J AU Mosier, AR AF Mosier, AR TI Soil processes and global change SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE climate change; IPCC; land-use change; greenhouse effect; ozone destruction ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GAS FLUXES; LAND-USE; FOREST; N2O; DENITRIFICATION; FERTILIZATION; CULTIVATION; INVENTORY AB Contributors to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) generally agree that increases in the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse trace gases (i.e., CO(2), CH(4), N(2)O, O(3)) since preindustrial times, about the year 1750, have led to changes in the earth's climate. During the past 250 years the atmospheric concentrations of CO(2), CH(4), and N(2)O have increased by 30, 145, and 15%, respectively. A doubling of preindustrial CO(2) concentrations by the end of the twenty-first century is expected to raise global mean surface temperature by about 2 degrees C and increase the frequency of severe weather events. These increases are attributed mainly to fossil fuel use, land-use change, and agriculture. Soils and climate changes are related by bidirectional interactions. Soil processes directly affect climatic changes through the production and consumption of CO(2), CH(4), and N(2)O and, indirectly, through the production and consumption of NH,, NO,, and CO. Although CO(2) is primarily produced through fossil fuel combustion, land-use changes, conversion of forest and grasslands to agriculture, have contributed significantly to atmospheric increase of CO(2). Changes in land use and management can also result in the net uptake, sequestration, of atmospheric CO(2). CH(4) and N(2)O are produced (30% and 70%, respectively) in the soil, and soil processes will likely regulate future changes in the atmospheric concentration of these gases. The soil-atmosphere exchange of CO(2), CH(4), and N(2)O are interrelated, and changes in one cycle can im part changes in the N cycle and resulting soil-atmosphere exchange of N(2)O. Conversely, N addition increases C sequestration. On the other hand, soil processes are influenced by climatic change through imposed changes in soil temperature, soil water, and nutrient competition. Increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO(2) alters plant response to environmental parameters and frequently results in increased efficiency in use of N and water. In annual crops increased CO(2) generally leads to increased crop productivity. In natural systems, the long-term impact of increased CO(2) on ecosystem sustainability is not known. These changes may also-result in altered CO(2), CH(4), and N(2)O exchange with the soil. Because of large temporal and spatial variability in the soil-atmosphere exchange of trace gases, the measurement of the absolute amount and prediction of the changes of these fluxes, as they are impacted by global change on regional and global scales, is still difficult. in recent years, however, much progress has been made in decreasing the uncertainty of field scale flux measurements, and efforts are being directed to large scale field and modeling programs. This paper briefly relates soil process and issues akin to the soil-atmosphere exchange of CO(2), CH(4), and N(2)O. The impact of climate change, particularly increasing atmospheric CO(2) concentrations, on soil processes is also briefly discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Mosier, AR (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB E, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM amosier@lamar.colostate.edu RI Vuichard, Nicolas/A-6629-2011 NR 56 TC 216 Z9 256 U1 9 U2 92 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD JUL PY 1998 VL 27 IS 3 BP 221 EP 229 DI 10.1007/s003740050424 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 114DN UT WOS:000075594000002 ER PT J AU Clapper, JA Snyder, JL Roberts, AJ Hamernik, DL Moss, GE AF Clapper, JA Snyder, JL Roberts, AJ Hamernik, DL Moss, GE TI Estradiol increases relative amounts of insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3 in serum and expression of IGFBP-2 in anterior pituitaries of ewes SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID I IGF-I; GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; COMPLEMENTARY DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; FOLLICLE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; GENE-EXPRESSION; OVARIECTOMIZED EWES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; NEGATIVE FEEDBACK; ESTROUS-CYCLE AB This study determined whether estradiol regulates insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) in the pituitary gland, hypophyseal stalk median eminence (SME), and circulation concomitantly with effects on LH. Ovariectomized ewes received an estradiol implant or no implant during the anestrous season and were slaughtered 80 days later. Estradiol suppressed serum LH to a greater extent during anestrus than after onset of the breeding season (Days 60 and 75). Amounts of mRNA for LH beta subunit were decreased by estradiol, but mRNA for alpha and FSH beta subunits were not affected. Estradiol increased serum IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-4 throughout the treatment period, but it did not influence other IGFBPs in serum. In response to estradiol, pituitary IGFBP-2 tended to increase and mRNA for IGFBP-2 increased twofold. Other IGFBPs in the pituitary glared were plea influenced by estradiol. In the SME, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-5, and the 40-kDa IGFBP-3 were increased by estradiol. Thus, estradiol influences both the IGF and gonadotropin systems in sheep, Estradiol influences on gonadotroph function may be mediated by alterations in the IGF system. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Anim Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Physiol, Tucson, AZ 85718 USA. RP Moss, GE (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Anim Sci, POB 3684, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM gm@uwyo.edu NR 74 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 59 IS 1 BP 124 EP 130 DI 10.1095/biolreprod59.1.124 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA ZX070 UT WOS:000074476400019 PM 9675002 ER PT J AU Vallet, JL Christenson, RK Klemcke, HG AF Vallet, JL Christenson, RK Klemcke, HG TI Purification and characterization of intrauterine folate-binding proteins from swine SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID DIETARY FOLIC-ACID; IRON TRANSPORT; HUMAN-PLACENTA; UTERINE; PIG; UTEROFERRIN; SECRETION; EXPRESSION; PREGNANCY; SEQUENCE AB Folate-binding proteins (FEP) from Day 60 pseudopregnant uterine flushings and Day 60 allantoic fluid were purified by affinity chromatography an folate-Sepharose followed by G-100 Sephadex chromatography. FBP from uterine flushings had a molecular weight of 20 000; the N-terminal sequence was FNWDHXGKMEPAXKRHFXXXTXLYX, which is 72% identical to bovine milk FBP beginning at amino acid 64, Allantoic fluid FBP had a molecular weight of 30 000; and the N-terminal sequence ARAKTDMLNVXMDAKHHKPKPSXED, which is 68% identical to bovine milk FBP starting at amino acid 4. Scatchard analysis of purified allantoic fluid FBP using [H-3]folic acid as ligand indicated a dissociation constant of 0.54 nM, and the protein was saturated at 20 nM, Antiserum to the purified allantoic fluid FBP was generated in rabbits and used for immunoblotting. Uterine flushings were collected from pregnant and nonpregnant gilts on Days 10, 11, 12, 13, and 15, Immunoblotting indicated that FBP concentrations increased in uterine flushings from both pregnant and nonpregnant gilts between Days 10 and 15. Total uterine flush specific binding of [H-3]folic acid increased from 0,015 nmol on Day 10 to 2.14 nmos on Day 15. These results indicate that an FBP similar to other known FBPs is present in uterine flushings and allantoic fluid and that its level increases at about the time of blastocyst elongation and initiation of conceptus hematopoiesis. These results suggest a rose for FBP in the delivery of folate to the developing conceptus. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Vallet, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 59 IS 1 BP 176 EP 181 DI 10.1095/biolreprod59.1.176 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA ZX070 UT WOS:000074476400026 PM 9675009 ER PT J AU Goetsch, AL Anthony, NB Woodley, MA Tabler, GT AF Goetsch, AL Anthony, NB Woodley, MA Tabler, GT TI Chemical constituents in broiler litter in two areas of a production unit after different numbers of growing periods SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE broiler litter; chemical composition ID DEEP-STACKING; RUMINANTS AB Broiler litter was sampled from brood and non-brood areas of a production unit after consecutive 6 week growing periods; litter present after each of the first five periods was placed in dacron bags, embedded in litter located in similar areas of the production unit and removed after subsequent growing periods to determine changes in chemical constituents that relate to feeding value for ruminants. Litter harvested before the fourth 6 week broiler growing period yielded organic matter concentration lower for brood versus non-brood litter: Organic matter concentration in non-brood litter stabilized after two growing periods, whereas organic matter concentration in brood litter increased linearly with increasing number of growing periods. For obtaining non-brood litter comparable with brood litter il I nitrogen concentration, harvest after the fourth growing period was warranted There was little or no effect of the number of broiler growing periods on neutral detergent fiber concentration in brood litter However for a neutral detergent fiber level in non-brood litter similar to that in brood litter harvest after the third growing period was necessary. Neutral detergent soluble organic matter concentration increased to approximately 30-35% with harvest after at least three consecutive growing periods; the magnitude of change in non-brood litter neutral detergent soluble organic matter concentration was, relatively, greater than that for brood litter because of a lower initial level. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 65 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1016/S0960-8524(98)00034-0 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA ZY584 UT WOS:000074638300021 ER PT J AU Fratamico, PM Strobaugh, TP Medina, MB Gehring, AG AF Fratamico, PM Strobaugh, TP Medina, MB Gehring, AG TI Detection of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor SO BIOTECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID BINDING; TECHNOLOGY; COLLAGEN; BIACORE AB The BIAcore biosensor was used to detect binding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 with specific antibodies. Immobilized Protein A or Protein G captured antibodies which in turn bound to the bacteria. Alternatively, immobilized antibody captured the E. coli O157:H7 and the bacteria were further probed by a second antibody which enhanced the signal. The regenerated sensor surfaces were used for at least 50 separate analyses. The surface plasmon resonance biosensor has potential for use in rapid, real-time detection and identification of bacteria, and to study the interaction of organisms with different antisera or other molecular species. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Fratamico, PM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 17 TC 137 Z9 142 U1 3 U2 18 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0951-208X J9 BIOTECHNOL TECH JI Biotechnol. Tech. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 12 IS 7 BP 571 EP 576 DI 10.1023/A:1008872002336 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 110FX UT WOS:000075370500018 ER PT J AU Angradi, TR AF Angradi, TR TI Observations of freshwater jellyfish, Craspedacusta sowerbyi Lankester (Trachylina : Petasidae), in a West Virginia reservoir SO BRIMLEYANA LA English DT Article AB A swarm of medusae of the freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbyi was observed in a cove of a West Virginia reservoir in August and September, 1995. Medusae were abundant (>1000/m(3)) but extremely localized. Distribution of medusae in the cove did not appear to be linked to water chemistry. Size of medusae ranged from 6-21 mm in diameter and increased significantly with distance from the center of abundance, suggesting that the localized distribution of medusae resulted from dispersion rather than from environmentally-induced aggregation. Measurements of mean diameter of medusae on separate dates indicated a growth rate of about 0.2 mm/d, and a medusa life cycle of approximately 102 days. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Angradi, TR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Timber & Watershed Lab, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE MUSEUM NATURAL SCIENCES PI RALEIGH PA DEPT ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH NATURAL RESOURCES, PO BOX 29555, RALEIGH, NC 27626 USA SN 0193-4406 J9 BRIMLEYANA JI Brimleyana PD JUL PY 1998 IS 25 BP 34 EP 42 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 116EU UT WOS:000075711500002 ER PT J AU Horvath, DP AF Horvath, DP TI The role of specific plant organs and polar auxin transport in correlative inhibition of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) root buds SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE root buds; apical dominance; auxin; NPA AB Localization of the source of the signal(s) controlling correlative inhibition of leafy spurge root buds (underground adventitious shoot buds located on the lateral roots) was studied by sequential removal of various plant organs. It was determined that full correlative inhibition of root buds was lost only after excision of all aerial tissue from the plant, or after excision of all aerial tissue except the stem. if mature leaves or growing axillary buds (or both) were left intact, no growth of root buds was observed. The synthetic auxin, alpha-NAA, prevented release of apical dominance and subsequent outgrowth of stem and crown buds when applied to the cut end of the stem or crown. Exogenous application of NAA to either the stem or the crown had little effect on root bud growth. Application of the auxin transport inhibitor NPA around the base of the crown had no effect on root bud quiescence. These data are not consistent with the previous studies (Weed Sci. 35: 155-159 (1987)) that indicate a role for auxin in maintenance of correlative inhibition of root bud growth in leafy spurge. The results of auxin transport inhibitor studies presented here suggest that correlative inhibition of root bud growth does not rely on the classic polar auxin transport system. C1 ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Horvath, DP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. OI Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 NR 15 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 76 IS 7 BP 1227 EP 1231 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 156LQ UT WOS:000078003100008 ER PT J AU Bucciarelli, B Jung, HG Ostry, ME Anderson, NA Vance, CP AF Bucciarelli, B Jung, HG Ostry, ME Anderson, NA Vance, CP TI Wound response characteristics as related to phenylpropanoid enzyme activity and lignin deposition in resistant and susceptible Populus tremuloides inoculated with Entoleuca mammata (Hypoxylon mammatum) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE aspen; Hypoxylon canker; phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase; caffeic acid o-methyltransferase; disease resistance ID CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE; SUSPENSION-CULTURES; TREMBLING ASPEN; STEM RUST; LIGNIFICATION; WHEAT; HOST; PURIFICATION; SUPPRESSION AB Green internodal stem tissues of glasshouse grown Populus tremuloides were either wounded or wound-inoculated with Entoleuca mammata (Hypoxylon mammatum) and assayed for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), caffeic acid - o-methyltransferase (CA-OMT), and cinnamyl - alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) activity over a 96-h period. Lignin deposited in response to the treatments was analyzed by the Klason and the pyrolysis - gas chromatographic (GC) - mass spectroscopy (MS) methodologies. The wound-inoculated treatment resulted in a wound morphology congruent with a typical resistant and susceptible response to E. mammata. Wounding alone resulted in no morphological differences between the two genotypes. In wound-inoculated stem tissue PAL and CAD activities were substantially higher in the resistant relative to the susceptible genotype. Total Klason lignin was similar for both genotypes; however, pyrolysis-GC-MS analysis revealed a difference in the lignin monomeric composition between the two genotypes, with the susceptible genotype accumulating higher levels of hydroxyphenyl units relative to the resistant genotype. It is concluded that differences in PAL and CAD activity and the synthesis of distinct phenylpropanoid monomers distinguish the resistant from the susceptible aspen genotype. Alterations in boundary zone formation due to the differential synthesis of phenylpropanoid monomers and its effect on compartmentalization of the pathogen are discussed. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Ostry, ME (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM ostry001@maroon.tc.umn.edu NR 39 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 76 IS 7 BP 1282 EP 1289 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 156LQ UT WOS:000078003100014 ER PT J AU Carter, GA Seal, MR Haley, T AF Carter, GA Seal, MR Haley, T TI Airborne detection of southern pine beetle damage using key spectral bands SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PLANT STRESS; REFLECTANCE; CHLOROPHYLL; WAVEBANDS; IMAGERY AB Damage by the southern pine beetle (SPB) (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.) occurs frequently in the southeastern United States and can result in tree death over large areas. A new technique for detection of SPB activity was tested for shoaleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) in the Caney Creek Wilderness, Ouachita National Forest, Arkansas. Digital images with l-m pixel resolution were acquired from a light aircraft in 6- to 10-nm bandwidths centered at wavelengths of 675, 698, and 840 nm. The 675-nm band was selected to yield a maximum contrast between yellow or brown versus green foliage. The 698-nm band was selected based on its high sensitivity to leaf chlorophyll content to enable detection of less severe chlorosis in more recently damaged trees. The 840-nm band was used as a reference band that is not sensitive to chlorophyll. Images acquired within each band were calibrated to percent reflectance based on the known reflectances of a gray scale placard-located on the ground. Individual trees with yellow to brown foliage were easily located in the 675- and 698-nm images. Milder chlorosis in more recently damaged pines was detected by a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) that was derived from 698- and 840-nm reflectances. Although statistically significant, the contrast of recently infested trees versus undamaged trees was generally visually poor in NDVI or color composite images. This was apparently a result of the inherent variability in leaf chlorophyll content throughout the forest. The increased reflectance near 700 nm characteristic of recent damage likely would be resolved more easily in pine plantations of low species diversity. Images of a NDVI that was based on 675- and 840-nm reflectances produced the strongest contrast between heavily damaged and undamaged trees. C1 NASA, Earth Syst Sci Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. Space Remote Sensing Ctr, Inst Technol Dev, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. US Forest Serv, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Carter, GA (reprint author), NASA, Earth Syst Sci Off, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 28 IS 7 BP 1040 EP 1045 DI 10.1139/cjfr-28-7-1040 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 139XM UT WOS:000077056600010 ER PT J AU Baldwin, VC Peterson, KD Burkhart, HE Amateis, RL Dougherty, PM AF Baldwin, VC Peterson, KD Burkhart, HE Amateis, RL Dougherty, PM TI Equations for estimating loblolly pine branch and foliage weight and surface area distributions (vol 27, pg 918, 1997) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Correction C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Baldwin, VC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 28 IS 7 BP 1097 EP 1097 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 139XM UT WOS:000077056600021 ER PT J AU Jacobs, RM Jefferson, BJ Suarez, DL AF Jacobs, RM Jefferson, BJ Suarez, DL TI Prevalence of bovine immunodeficiency-like virus in bulls as determined by serology and proviral detection SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; WESTERN-BLOT ASSAY; MANAGEMENT-PRACTICES; PRODUCTION RECORDS; INFECTED CATTLE; CALVES; SHEEP; RABBITS; ASSOCIATIONS; LENTIVIRUS AB We found the rate of bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) infection among bulls to be 9.6% using serology and 12.6% when tested by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of BIV provirus in peripheral blood leukocytes. Previously, we determined the frequency of BIV infection among the general dairy cow population in Ontario to be 5.5% based on serological analysis. Apparently, serological testing detects only 77% of BIV-infected bulls. Since almost a quarter of BIV-infected bulls may be seronegative, it is recommended that the PCR test be used to identify BIV-infected individuals. It is clear from the data presented here and supported by experimental studies that the latent carrier state is a relatively common outcome in ruminants infected with BIV. C1 Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Jacobs, RM (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 62 IS 3 BP 231 EP 233 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 102WW UT WOS:000074949900011 PM 9684054 ER PT J AU Dowd, PF Lagrimini, LM Herms, DA AF Dowd, PF Lagrimini, LM Herms, DA TI Differential leaf resistance to insects of transgenic sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) expressing tobacco anionic peroxidase SO CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE plant resistance; tent caterpillar; fall webworm; corn earworm; gypsy moth; fall armyworm; cigarette beetle; Nicotiana ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; MAIZE RESISTANCE; PLANTS; METABOLITES; PHENOLICS; RESPONSES; STRESS AB Leaves of transgenic sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) trees that expressed tobacco anionic peroxidase were compared with leaves of L. styraciflua trees that did not express the tobacco enzyme. Leaves of the transgenic trees were generally more resistant to feeding by caterpillars and beetles than wild-type leaves. However, as for past studies with transgenic tobacco and tomato expressing the tobacco anionic peroxidase, the degree of relative resistance depended on the size of insect used and the maturity of the leaf. Decreased growth of gypsy moth larvae appeared mainly due to decreased consumption, and not changes in the nutritional quality of the foliage. Transgenic leaves were more susceptible to feeding by the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea. Thus, it appears the tobacco anionic peroxidase can contribute to insect resistance, but its effects are more predictable when it is expressed in plant species more closely related to the original gene source. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioact Agents Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Dowd, PF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Bioact Agents Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 50 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 1420-682X EI 1420-9071 J9 CELL MOL LIFE SCI JI Cell. Mol. Life Sci. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 54 IS 7 BP 712 EP 720 DI 10.1007/s000180050198 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 105KK UT WOS:000075072100009 PM 9711237 ER PT J AU Doner, LW Chau, HK Fishman, ML Hicks, KB AF Doner, LW Chau, HK Fishman, ML Hicks, KB TI An improved process for isolation of corn fiber gum SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALKALINE PEROXIDE DELIGNIFICATION; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES AB Sequential alkaline extraction and alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) bleaching have been used to prepare corn fiber gum in yields ranging from 21 to 40%, depending on the pH of the extraction medium. The pH was adjusted by using different ratios of NaOH and Ca(OH)(2). The whitest product was obtained after AHP bleaching of the extract obtained using the lowest pH value. In order for the product gum to give its characteristic clear and low viscosity solutions, it was necessary to remove starch from the corn fiber substrate using alpha-amylase. The water-insoluble hemicellulose A fraction, a minor component, was removed by neutralizing AHP-treated extracts before ethanol precipitation of the useful hemicellulose B (corn fiber gum) fraction. At ambient temperature, AHP bleaching was near optimal after approximate to 2 hr under the processing conditions used. High ratios of arabinose (39%) to xylose (50%) were present in the corn fiber gum extracted under various alkaline conditions, and the H2O2 processing step did not significantly alter these ratios. The same low levels of galactose (7%) and glucuronic acid (4%) were present regardless of the extraction conditions. Molecular mass of the corn fiber gum preparations ranged from 2.78 x 10(5) for the material extracted with Ca(OH)2 to 3.94 x 10(5) for the material extracted with NaOH. Molecular mass was unaffected by the H2O2 present in the second processing step. As expected for a carbohydrate polymer with a rather low uronic acid content, solution viscosities were unaffected by the presence of salt. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Doner, LW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 14 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 75 IS 4 BP 408 EP 411 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1998.75.4.408 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 101ZW UT WOS:000074899600003 ER PT J AU Delwiche, SR Graybosch, RA Peterson, CJ AF Delwiche, SR Graybosch, RA Peterson, CJ TI Predicting protein composition, biochemical properties, and dough-handling properties of hard red winter wheat flour by near-infrared reflectance SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RYE TRANSLOCATION; QUALITY; SONICATION; QUANTITY; MOISTURE; GLUTENIN AB Breadmaking quality in wheat is one of several considerations that plant breeders face when developing new cultivars. In routine breeding programs, quality is assessed by small-scale dough-handling and bake tests, and to some extent, by biochemical analysis of gluten proteins. An alternative, not yet fully examined, method for wheat flour quality assessment is near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectrophotometry. The present study was performed on 30 genotypes of hard red winter wheat grown during two crop years at eight to nine locations in the Great Plains area of the United States. Biochemical testing consisted of measuring protein fractions from size-exclusion HPLC (M-r > 100k, M-r 25-100k, and M-r < 25k designated as glutenin, gliadins, and albumin and globulins, respectively), pentosan content, and SDS sedimentation volume. Dough-handling properties were measured on a mixograph and recorded as the time to peak dough development, the peak resistance, the width of the mixing curve, and the width of the curve at 2 min past peak. Partial least squares analyses on diffuse NIR spectra (1,100-2,498 nm) were developed for each constituent or property When applied to a separate validation set, MR models for glutenin content, gliadin content, SDS sedimentation volume, and mixograph peak resistance demonstrated reference vs. predicted correlations ranging from r = 0.87 to r = 0.94. Such models were considered sufficiently accurate for screening purposes in breeding programs. NIR spectra were responsive to each constituent or property at a level higher than expected from a correlation between the constituent or property and protein content (recognizing that protein content is modeled by NIR with high accuracy). C1 ARS, USDA, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Delwiche, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Bldg 303,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 75 IS 4 BP 412 EP 416 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1998.75.4.412 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 101ZW UT WOS:000074899600004 ER PT J AU Zhang, D Doehlert, DC Moore, WR AF Zhang, D Doehlert, DC Moore, WR TI Rheological properties of (1 -> 3),(1 -> 4)-beta-D-glucans from raw, roasted, and steamed oat greats SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AVENA-SATIVA L; BETA-D-GLUCANS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; VISCOSITY AB Effects of hydrothermal treatments (steaming, roasting) of oat grain on beta-glucan extractability and rheological properties were tested on oat cultivars with low (Robert) and high (Marion) beta-glucan content. Steaming of grain reduced the amount of beta-glucan that could be extracted, compared with raw or roasted grain, but the extracts from steamed grain had much greater viscosity. Increased extraction temperatures increased the amount and the average relative molecular mass (M-r) value of beta-glucans extracted. In boiling water extractions, the average M-r values among raw, roasted and steamed oat samples were equivalent, but extracts from steamed oat grain had significantly higher intrinsic viscosity than the extracts from roasted or raw oat grains. beta-Glucan solutions purified from steamed grain extracts were very viscous and highly pseudoplastic, as described by the power law equation. Oat beta-glucans from steamed samples were more viscoelastic than beta-glucans from roasted or raw oat samples. Because viscous properties of beta-glucans from boiling water extracts are influenced by hydrothermal treatments without affecting polymer molecular weight, polymer interaction with the solvent must be affected. Steaming may disrupt intramolecular cross-linkings in native beta-glucan, allowing a linear chain configuration to generate greater viscosity. C1 N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Red Spring & Durham Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Cereal Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Doehlert, DC (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Red Spring & Durham Wheat Qual Lab, Harris Hall, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 75 IS 4 BP 433 EP 438 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1998.75.4.433 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 101ZW UT WOS:000074899600008 ER PT J AU Dickey, LC Dallmer, MF Radewonuk, ER Parris, N Kurantz, M Craig, JC AF Dickey, LC Dallmer, MF Radewonuk, ER Parris, N Kurantz, M Craig, JC TI Zein batch extraction from dry-milled corn: Cereal disintegration by dissolving fluid shear SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN BODIES; MAIZE; ENDOSPERM; OPTIMIZATION; SOLUBILITY; HARD; SOFT; MEAL; MASS AB Corn particles were extracted in an agitated vessel with a 4:1 mass ratio of 70% ethanol to corn for periods of 1-6 hr at ambient temperature. The extract solution was filtered and centrifuged to remove suspended particles after extraction and then diluted to 40% ethanol to precipitate extracted solute. Measurements of the mass of suspended particles separated by centrifugation indicate that mixing the corn particles with the ethanol dissolves and weakens the protein between cells and between starch granules within cells near the particles' surface. Under the conditions of this study, corn particles release starch granules more rapidly than the protein bodies dissolve, as indicated by analysis of the centrifuged particles. The diffusion coefficient for ethanol solution in corn was estimated and compared with a coefficent derived from a fit of the trend in the rate of release of fine particles from the milled corn. The diffusion coefficient of pure zein in a stagnant 70% ethanol solution was estimated from the measurement of weight loss by a ball of zein. Analysis of the ambient temperature protein extraction rate indicates that 2-mm particles exhibit more convective mass transfer than 20-mu m particles. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Dickey, LC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 75 IS 4 BP 443 EP 448 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1998.75.4.443 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 101ZW UT WOS:000074899600010 ER PT J AU Robertson, GH Cao, T AF Robertson, GH Cao, T TI Substitution of concentrated ethanol for water in the laboratory washing fractionation of protein and starch from hydrated wheat flour SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB An unprecedented, ethanol-based, washing process was used at a laboratory scale to produce both concentrated protein and starch fractions from hydrated wheat flour. In this multistep process, flour was first hydrated and mixed to a batter and then chilled and rested The cold batter was then mixed and washed in chilled and concentrated ethanol using a modified device that normally applies the water-based Martin process. Control of the separation was affected by each of these steps. For instance, the hydration of the flour, the time of mixing, the temperature of the wash, the ethanol concentration, and the time of washing were influential. The method produced a gluten concentrate similar in yield and protein content to that reported for a pilot-scale Martin process but without the need for added salt. Notably, ethanol washing resulted in nonsticky, partially disintegrated curds that dried easily, whereas water washing resulted in a sticky, glutinous, cohesive mass that dried slowly. The process has commercial potential to reduce water and energy use, reduce wastewater generation and environmental impact, and improve product recovery. The process also has the potential to reduce the capital complexity of the drying step and create convenient opportunities for protein subfractionation. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Proc Chem & Engn Res Unit, Pacific W Area, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Robertson, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Proc Chem & Engn Res Unit, Pacific W Area, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 75 IS 4 BP 508 EP 513 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1998.75.4.508 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 101ZW UT WOS:000074899600021 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, W Renner-Nantz, JJ Shoemaker, CF AF Yokoyama, W Renner-Nantz, JJ Shoemaker, CF TI Starch molecular mass and size by size-exclusion chromatography in DMSO-LiBr coupled with multiple angle laser light scattering SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AMYLOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; SPECTROSCOPY; AMYLOPECTIN; CORN AB The weight average molar mass (M-w) and root mean square radii of starches from waxy maize (Amioca), waxy rice flour, cassava, Hylon V, Hylon VII, and potato amylose were determined by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and multiple-angle laser light scattering (MALLS). Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) containing 50 mM LiBr was used to dissolve the starches and also served as the mobile phase. SEC with large particle size polystyrene divinylbenzene packing materials and MALLS instrumentation were evaluated for the ability to separate and determine molar mass (MM) of starch polymers, respectively The determination of M-w by MALLS is necessary because the M-w of many cereal starches exceeds the available molecular standards by one or two orders of magnitude. The M-w depends on the method of calculation. The M-w (Berry method) of starch from waxy corn was 2.27 x 10(8) Da, waxy rice 8.9 x 10(7) Da, cassava 5.7 x 10(7) Da, Hylon V 2.7 x 10(7) Da, Hylon VII 4.8 x 10(6) Da, and potato amylose 1.9 x 10(5) Da. Recovery dropped dramatically for molecules with root mean square radii >209 nm. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Davis, CA USA. RP Yokoyama, W (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 27 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 75 IS 4 BP 530 EP 535 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.1998.75.4.530 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 101ZW UT WOS:000074899600025 ER PT J AU Zablotowicz, RM Locke, MA Smeda, RJ AF Zablotowicz, RM Locke, MA Smeda, RJ TI Degradation of 2,4-D and fluometuron in cover crop residues SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE 2,4-D; fluometuron; plant residues; biodegradation ID METRIBUZIN DEGRADATION; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; TILLAGE SYSTEMS; SOIL RECEPTION; SORPTION; STRAW; BIODEGRADATION; DESORPTION; MOISTURE; ROTATION AB Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was studied in hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) and rye (Secale cereale L.) residues. Transformation of fluometuron (1,1-dimethyl-3-(alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea) was also evaluated in annual ryegrass (Lolium multiforum Lan.) residues. Microflora associated with herbicide-desiccated hairy vetch and rye residues were 100-fold or greater than soils. Microbial activity (fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis and respiration) were 6-fold or greater in hairy vetch and rye residues than soil. In 14-d studies, 78 to 82% versus 28 to 40% of C-14-carboxyl-labelled 2,4-D and 48 to 60% versus 5 to 17% of C-14-ring-labelled 2,4-D were mineralized in soil and crop residues, respectively. Fluometuron can be degraded by N-demethylation in ryegrass residues at rates similar to soil however, high moisture content was required. Degradation of herbicides in cover crop residues was most likely due to limited bioavailability rather than biological activity. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Zablotowicz, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. OI Zablotowicz, Robert/0000-0001-8070-1998 NR 33 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JUL PY 1998 VL 37 IS 1 BP 87 EP 101 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(98)00025-3 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZQ747 UT WOS:000073899000008 ER PT J AU Silver, WL AF Silver, WL TI The potential effects of elevated CO(2) and climate change on tropical forest soils and biogeochemical cycling SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Tropical Forest Ecosystems CY APR 24-28, 1995 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP World Wildlife Fund, Int Inst Trop Forestry ID LUQUILLO-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; LOA ENVIRONMENTAL MATRIX; AMAZONIAN RAIN-FOREST; GLOBAL CARBON-CYCLE; MULU-NATIONAL-PARK; ORGANIC-MATTER; PUERTO-RICO; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; LITTER DECOMPOSITION AB Tropical forests are responsible for a large proportion of the global terrestrial C flux annually for natural ecosystems. Increased atmospheric CO(2) and changes in climate are likely to affect the distribution of C pools in the tropics and the rate of cycling through vegetation and soils. In this paper, I review the literature on the pools and fluxes of carbon in tropical forests, and the relationship of these to nutrient cycling and climate. Tropical moist and humid forests have the highest rates of annual net primary productivity and the greatest carbon flux from soil respiration globally. Tropical dry forests have lower rates of carbon circulation, but may have greater soil organic carbon storage, especially at depths below 1 meter. Data from tropical elevation gradients were used to examine the sensitivity of biogeochemical cycling to incremental changes in temperature and rainfall. These data show significant positive correlations of litterfall N concentrations with temperature and decomposition rates. Increased atmospheric CO(2) and changes in climate are expected to alter carbon and nutrient allocation patterns and storage in tropical forest. Modeling and experimental studies suggest that even a small increase in temperature and CO(2) concentrations results in more rapid decomposition rates, and a large initial CO(2) efflux from moist tropical soils. Soil P limitation or reductions in C:N and C:P ratios of litterfall could eventually limit the size of this flux. Increased frequency of fires in dry forest and hurricanes in moist and humid forests are expected to reduce the ecosystem carbon storage capacity over longer time periods. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ecosyst Sci Div, ESPM, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Silver, WL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ecosyst Sci Div, ESPM, 151 Hilgard Hall 3110, Berkeley, CA 94702 USA. RI Silver, Whendee/H-1118-2012 NR 115 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JUL PY 1998 VL 39 IS 2-3 BP 337 EP 361 DI 10.1023/A:1005396714941 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 108TE UT WOS:000075280900009 ER PT J AU Kline, JD Swallow, SK AF Kline, JD Swallow, SK TI The demand for local access to coastal recreation in southern New England SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE coastal access; contingent valuation; beach recreation ID CONTINGENT VALUATION AB Coastal lands provide popular outdoor recreation opportunities including beach recreation, fishing boating, and wildlife viewing. Published studies measuring the demand for access to coastal lands generally have focused on the recreational value of intensively used benches, which comprise only a portion of the New England coastline. This article examines the recreational demand for coastal access to a local, free-access site in southern New England. The study uses data obtained from on-site interviews conducted during the summer of 1995 at Gooseberry Island, Massachusetts. The estimated average value of a visitor-day during the summer season is $3.06 for weekdays and $4.18 for weekends and holidays. While these values are at the low end of the range of values published in existing literature addressing beach recreation, the aggregate value of recreation benefits derived from public access to undeveloped coastal areas likely are significant. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kline, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 26 IS 3 BP 177 EP 190 DI 10.1080/08920759809362351 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 134RL UT WOS:000076756300002 ER PT J AU DeHaven, WR AF DeHaven, WR TI Letter praises efforts of IACUCs SO CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 USDA, APHIS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP DeHaven, WR (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CORDOVA PA 70 TIMBERCREEK DR, SUITE 5, CORDOVA, TN 38018 USA SN 1060-0558 J9 CONTEMP TOP LAB ANIM JI Contemp. Top. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 37 IS 4 BP 52 EP 52 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 127JV UT WOS:000076348200013 ER PT J AU Bock, CH Jeger, MJ Mughoho, LK Cardwell, KF Adenle, V Mtisi, E Akpa, AD Kaula, G Mukasambina, D Blair-Myers, C AF Bock, CH Jeger, MJ Mughoho, LK Cardwell, KF Adenle, V Mtisi, E Akpa, AD Kaula, G Mukasambina, D Blair-Myers, C TI Occurrence and distribution of Peronosclerospora sorghi [Weston and Uppal (Shaw)] in selected countries of West and Southern Africa SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE sorghum downy mildew; Peronosclerospora sorghi; Africa; GIS; survey ID DOWNY MILDEW; NIGERIA; MAIZE AB Surveys of sorghum and maize crops were undertaken in Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Mozambique and Rwanda during 1991 and 1992. The occurrence and prevalence of sorghum downy mildew (SDM) caused by Peronosclerospora sorghi [(Weston and Uppal) Shaw] was assessed in regions of each country. In Nigeria only maize was systemically infected in the southern humid zone, where rainfall was 1200-1800 mm and the altitude 300-1000 m. This epidemic zone appeared to be geographically isolated from other areas of Nigeria where SDM was observed. Within the southern epidemic zone, yield loss was estimated to be 11.7%. Individual fields had up to 95% incidence of systemically infected plants. In the arid north of Nigeria (rainfall < 1300 mm, altitude 600-1200 m) both maize and sorghum were infected, and disease incidence was invariably low (<5%). Systemic SDM incidence on maize was negatively correlated with growth stage (r = -0.7746, P = 0.01). In Zimbabwe, Zambia, Mozambique and Rwanda sorghum and maize were infected with SDM in areas with an annual rainfall of 600-1200 mm and an altitude range of <300-1800m. Incidence of infection within crops was generally low, and sites with infected crops were scattered in these countries. SDM local lesion infection was observed only on sorghum. Yield loss due to SDM in Zambia, Zimbabwe and Rwanda at the time of the survey was negligible. However, SDM is widespread in Africa and occurs in many different agricultural areas, and thus remains a threat to sorghum and maize production. Management of the disease using resistant varieties, cultural and chemical control should reduce the risk of future epidemics. Crown Copyright (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Nat Resources Inst, Chatham ME4 4TB, Kent, England. Wageningen Univ Agr, Dept Phytopathol, NL-6700 EE Wageningen, Netherlands. So African Dev Cooperat, Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Sorghum & Millet Improvement Program, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. RP Bock, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 17 IS 5 BP 427 EP 439 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(98)00037-4 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 117FE UT WOS:000075769600007 ER PT J AU Kusmenoglu, I Muehlbauer, FJ AF Kusmenoglu, I Muehlbauer, FJ TI Genetic variation for biomass and residue production in lentil: I. Relation to agronomic traits SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID YIELD; WHEAT; MOISTURE AB Sufficient crop residues on soil surfaces are needed for protection from water and wind erosion in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. The lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) crop grown in this region lacks sufficient crop residues which leads to severe soil erosion in subsequent crops. The objectives of this study were (i) determine the relationship between physiological and morphological traits that affect biomass and residue production, and (ii) identify suitable selection criteria for increasing biomass and residue production by lentil crops. Thirty nine breeding lines were evaluated at three sites each year from 1993 to 1995. Straw yield in 1993 was correlated with days to newer (r = 0.72**), days to maturity (r = 0.82**), plant height (r = 0.76**), harvest index (r = -0.97**), and seed yield (r = -0.71**). In addition there were significant correlations between straw yield and harvest index (r = -0.48**) in 1995, and between straw yield and seed yield (r = 0.59**) in 1994. The regression coefficient (b) indicated that for each day that flowering and maturity were delayed, there were increases of 214 kg/ha and 734 kg/ha straw yield, respectively. A 1 cm increase in plant height resulted in a 277 kg/ha increase in straw yield. Results indicated that plant height could be used for indirect selection for increased biomass. Seed yield can also be improved by selecting for larger vegetative biomass while keeping harvest index constant. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 303 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM muehlbau@wsu.edu NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 38 IS 4 BP 907 EP 910 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105CJ UT WOS:000075054600001 ER PT J AU Kusmenoglu, I Muehlbauer, FJ AF Kusmenoglu, I Muehlbauer, FJ TI Genetic variation for biomass and residue production in lentil: II. Factors determining seed and straw yield SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Understanding the influence of vegetative and reproductive traits in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) on biomass production and seed yield would facilitate cultivar improvement. The objectives of this study were (i) identify and evaluate the morphological changes that have taken place during past cultivar improvement efforts, and (ii) quantify the effect of rainfall on seed and straw production. Seven breeding lines and three checks were evaluated at Pullman and Farmington, WA, and Genesee, ID, from 1993 to 1995 for vegetative growth period (VGP), generative growth period (GGP), crop growth rate (CGR), seed growth rate (St.GR), straw growth rate (St.GR), and partitioning coefficients for seed (p) and straw (q). Results indicated that past cultivar improvement efforts have achieved higher seed yields by (i) shorter generative and vegetative growth periods, (ii) greater rates of crop and seed growth, (iii) higher seed partitioning coefficients, and (iv) a moderate response to rainfall. Greater straw yields have been achieved by (i) longer generative and vegetative growth periods, (ii) greater crop and straw growth rates, (iii) a higher straw partitioning coefficient, and (iv) a greater response to rainfall. Simultaneous improvement of straw and seed yields is possible within existing lentil germplasm. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 303 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 38 IS 4 BP 911 EP 915 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105CJ UT WOS:000075054600002 ER PT J AU Miklas, PN Stone, V Urrea, CA Johnson, E Beaver, JS AF Miklas, PN Stone, V Urrea, CA Johnson, E Beaver, JS TI Inheritance and QTL analysis of field resistance to ashy stem blight in common bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DRY EDIBLE BEANS; MACROPHOMINA-PHASEOLINA AB Ashy stem blight [caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Gold.] can be a serious disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under drought and high temperature conditions in some regions. The mode of inheritance of valuable sources of resistance is lacking. We studied inheritance of field resistance to ashy stem blight in a recombinant inbred population ('Dorado' x XAN 176) consisting of 119 F-5:7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) tested in replicated experiments across 2 yr. A score from 1 to 9 (no disease to severe disease) was used to measure disease reaction. Moderate H-NS (0.53 and 0.57) and near-normal frequency distribution of RILs for mean disease score each year indicated a lack of discrete segregation classes. The phenotypic variation across a subgroup composed of 79 RILs was further investigated with 165 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers by one-way analyses of variance and interval mapping. Five quantitative trait loci (QTL), explaining 19, 15, 15, 13, and 13% of the phenotypic variation for disease score, were detected in 1993. Three of these QTL, explaining 15, 12, and 12% of the variation in disease reaction, were detected in 1994. Multiple QTL regression models (P < 0.01) explained up to 47% (four loci) of the phenotypic variation for disease score in 1993 and 28% (three loci) in 1994. The five QTL, all derived from XAN 176, generally showed additive effects. These QTL-linked RAPD markers may prove useful for indirect selection of field resistance to ashy stem blight derived from XAN 176. C1 ARS, USDA, IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Whitehead Inst, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Agron & Soils, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Miklas, PN (reprint author), ARS, USDA, IAREC, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 38 IS 4 BP 916 EP 921 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105CJ UT WOS:000075054600003 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Nelson, RL Hu, Y AF Wang, Y Nelson, RL Hu, Y TI Genetic analysis of resistance to soybean mosaic virus in four soybean cultivars from China SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STEM-TIP NECROSIS; INHERITANCE AB Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the most common soybean viruses and can cause economic losses. The objective of this research was to determine the inheritance of resistance to SMV-G1 in four soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] cultivars from China. Each cultivar was crossed to the susceptible cultivar Williams and to lines with known sources of resistance genes to test for allelism. The crosses were evaluated in the F2 and F3 generations in the held and in the greenhouse for reaction to inoculation with SMV-G1. Results showed that each of the Chinese cultivars has a single dominant gene for resistance to SMV-G1. The resistance gene carried by 'Feng shou huang' (PI 458507) is at the Rsv1 locus. The resistance gene in 'Ke feng No. 1' (PI 556949) is at the non-Rsv1 locus in PI 486355. The resistance gene carried by 'Da bai ma' (PI 556948) is not at the Rsv1 locus. The resistance gene in 'Xu dou No. 1' (PI 556950) is at neither the Rsv1 locus nor the non-Rsv1 locus in PI 486355. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Plant Physiol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Nanjing Agr Univ, Dept Agron, Soybean Inst, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Nelson, RL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Plant Physiol & Genet Res Unit, 1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 38 IS 4 BP 922 EP 925 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105CJ UT WOS:000075054600004 ER PT J AU Burner, DM Legendre, BL AF Burner, DM Legendre, BL TI Agronomic performance and transmission of the multiple-bud mutation of sugarcane SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CALLUS-CULTURE; MARKER CHANGES; FREQUENCY AB Few morphological mutations have been identified in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids), a vegetatively propagated grass with complex, polyploid genetics. The multiple-bud mutation may increase bud survival at planting and shoot production per unit area. The objectives of this study were to compare yield components and bud germination of single-bud (normal) cultivars and multiple-bud mutants, to determine the frequency of multiple buds in mutants, and to assess the sexual transmission of the multiple bud trait. Seven multiple-bud mutants, including one gall-forming mutant (US 94-12), were tested with two normal cultivars in plant cane crops for 2 yr in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Transmission was measured for 1 yr in progeny of 19 selfed or single-cross populations having at least one multiple-bud parent. Normal cultivars produced one shoot per node in the greenhouse. Most multiple-bud genotypes produced about two shoots per node, except that US 94-12 produced 4.5 shoots per node. In field tests, however, numbers of shoots, stalks, and stools of multiple-bud genotypes tended to be lower than cultivars, The multiple-bud trait was sexually transmitted to only 2.2% of progeny, lower than previously reported. This may have resulted from stricter screening or intermittent gene expression. Development of a multiple-bud cultivar will be hindered by the low rate of transmission and, therefore, the large population required for selection. Future studies should be directed toward the identification of commercially acceptable multiple-bud genotypes having the potential to give stands equal to cultivars at lower planting density, thereby reducing seed cane requirements. C1 ARS, USDA, SRRC, Sugarcane Res Unit, Houma, LA 70361 USA. RP Burner, DM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SRRC, Sugarcane Res Unit, POB 470, Houma, LA 70361 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 38 IS 4 BP 928 EP 932 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105CJ UT WOS:000075054600006 ER PT J AU Pedersen, JF Toy, JJ Johnson, B AF Pedersen, JF Toy, JJ Johnson, B TI Natural outcrossing of sorghum and sudangrass in the central great plains SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Amount of natural outcrossing in a species is one of the primary determining factors in selection of breeding methods. Existing literature on natural outcrossing of sorghum is dated and limited in geographical reference. Experiments were designed to investigate natural outcrossing in contemporary sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, B- and R-lines, and in sudangrass, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Four R-lines and four B-lines were seeded in rows in isolation at Mead, NE, and allowed to intercross in each of 2 yr. Bulked seed from each row was planted and proportion of offtypes recorded. Outcrossing ranged from 0.1 to 13% in R-lines, and from 0.5 to 9% in B-lines. Outcrossing among sudangrass plants with white or green midribs transplanted in isolation in each of 2 yr was estimated by utilizing the dominant gene for white midrib as a marker. Panicles from green midrib plants were tagged to indicate approximate date of pollination. At maturity, the panicles were divided into top, middle, and bottom thirds and threshed. Seed from each panicle section was planted and proportion of white midrib plants recorded. Outcrossing ranged from 0 to near 100% on individual sudangrass plants and was highly variable. Harvest of panicles pollinated during the middle of the pollination period should maximize outcrossing in sudangrass, but the use of nuclear male-sterility genes is still recommended for improvement of sudangrass through recurrent selection. For sorghum breeding procedures requiring a high degree of self-pollination, selfing under pollination bags is recommended. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, USDA, ARS,NPA Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. HybriTech, Berthoud, CO 80513 USA. RP Pedersen, JF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, USDA, ARS,NPA Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 10 TC 22 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 38 IS 4 BP 937 EP 939 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105CJ UT WOS:000075054600008 ER PT J AU Kasperbauer, MJ Hunt, PG AF Kasperbauer, MJ Hunt, PG TI Far-red light affects photosynthate allocation and yield of tomato over red mulch SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PHYTOCHROME; PLANTS; LEAVES; END; GROWTH; COLOR; FIELD AB Plastic mulches are frequently used by both large- and small-scale tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) growers to conserve water, control weeds, and keep fruit clean. We hypothesized that changing mulch color to reflect more red light (R) and a higher far-red (FR) to R photon ratio (FR/R) would keep those benefits and improve tomato yield by altering phytochrome-mediated regulation of photosynthate allocation. Photodegradable and nondegradable forms of red plastic mulch were developed to our specifications. Number, size, and total fruit produced over the red plastic mulches were compared with those over standard black plastic. Photodegradable red mulch (placed over a leger of black plastic) increased fruit yield while it mas intact, but yield dropped to that of the black control after the red plastic degraded. Nondegradable red plastic resulted in greater yield. Early crop yield advantage of red mulch was evident whether it was placed directly over soil or over a layer of black plastic. We conclude that increased tomato yield over the new red plastic mulch was caused by reflection of FR to the growing plants and its subsequent phytochrome-mediated regulation of photosynthate allocation to developing fruit. C1 ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Kasperbauer, MJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 13 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 38 IS 4 BP 970 EP 974 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105CJ UT WOS:000075054600014 ER PT J AU Jung, HG Morrison, TA Buxton, DR AF Jung, HG Morrison, TA Buxton, DR TI Degradability of cell-wall polysaccharides in maize internodes during stalk development SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LIGNIN; FIBER; DIGESTIBILITY; FORAGES AB Limitations to degradation of forage cell-wall constituents in maturing plant tissue are not fully understood, which limits progress in developing cultivars with improved digestibility. We determined in vitro degradability of cell-wall components by rumen microorganisms in developing internodes of maize (Zea mays L.). Plants were grown in the growth chamber and harvested at the 15th-leaf stage of development. Individual internodes were divided in half and separated into rind and pith fractions. Cell-wall degradability was measured on the internode samples and correlated with cell-wall degradability. Degradability of all cell-wall polysaccharide components, except galactose and mannose, declined with maturation of maize internodes. Degradabilities of glucose and xylose residues exhibited large differences between 24- and 96-h fermentation intervals (31 to 58% additional degradation in 72 h), whereas the arabinose and uronic acids potentially degradable in 96 h were already almost completely degraded in 24 h. Maize rind, consisting of epidermal and sclerenchyma tissues and many vascular bundles, was less degradable than the pith (736 vs. 811 g kg(-1), respectively), which had thinner-walled parenchyma tissue and fewer vascular bundles, Lower portions of internodes were younger and more degradable than the upper halves (805 vs, 743 g kg(-1), respectively). Ferulate ether concentration was negatively correlated with cell-wall polysaccharide degradability in young, elongating internodes but not for internodes in which elongation had ceased to occur. This pattern is in agreement with the hypothesis that ferulate cross-linking limits cell-wall degradation, but that the effect is only observable in young tissues before dilution of ferulate ether concentrations by secondary wall deposition of lignin and polysaccharides obscures the relationship. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Dairy Forage Res Ctr Cluster, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. ARS, NPS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jung, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jungx002@maroon.tc.umn.edu NR 26 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1047 EP 1051 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105CJ UT WOS:000075054600026 ER PT J AU Almouslem, AB Jauhar, PP Peterson, TS Bommineni, VR Rao, MB AF Almouslem, AB Jauhar, PP Peterson, TS Bommineni, VR Rao, MB TI Haploid durum wheat production via hybridization with maize SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HORDEUM-BULBOSUM L; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; ANTHER CULTURE; PLANT-REGENERATION; HIGH-FREQUENCIES; ZEA-MAYS; CROSSES; FERTILIZATION; INDUCTION; VARIETIES AB Haploids are useful in basic studies on intergenomic relationships, in molecular studies, and in practical breeding. Haploid production in durum wheat has had limited success. The objective of this study was to develop an efficient method of durum haploid production via maize pollination. Pollination of seven agronomically superior durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L., 2n = 4x = 28, AABB) cultivars [Durox, Langdon (LDN), Lloyd, Medora, Monroe, Renville, and Vic] and three important cytogenetic stocks [LDN 5D (5B), LDN Phl ph1b, and Cappelli ph1c ph1c with pollen from three maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars resulted in haploid embryos. In vitro culture of these embryos produced haploid green seedlings. Post-pollination treatment with 3 mg L-1 2,4-D and 129-180 mg L-1 AgNO3 gave the best yield of embryos, whereas 3 mg L-1 2,4-D plus 120 mg L-1 AgNO3 promoted the conversion of embryos into plantlets. We produced a total of 142 mature, green haploid seedlings which included haploids with and without the homoeologous pairing suppresser gene, Ph1. Clear genotypic differences in haploid production were observed,,Medora with 3 mg L-1 2,4-D + 180 mg L-1 AgNO3 being the highest yielder. Renville proved to be more consistent yielder of haploid embryos as well as seedlings, over all treatments. Among the three Langdon genotypes - Langdon Ph1 ph1b, Langdon 5D(5B) substitution line, and normal Langdon - the substitution line gave the best response. It appears, therefore, that the substitution of chromosome 5D for 5B confers on durum higher ability to produce haploids. C1 ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Aleppo, Fac Sci, Dept Bot, Aleppo, Syria. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Stat, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Jauhar, PP (reprint author), ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 36 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1080 EP 1087 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105CJ UT WOS:000075054600032 ER PT J AU Senior, ML Murphy, JP Goodman, MM Stuber, CW AF Senior, ML Murphy, JP Goodman, MM Stuber, CW TI Utility of SSRs for determining genetic similarities and relationships in maize using an agarose gel system SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; BRASSICA-NAPUS L; DNA-SEQUENCES; MICROSATELLITE; INBREDS; POLYMERASE; ABUNDANCE; REPEATS; RICE; IDENTIFICATION AB Among maize (Zea maize L,) breeders, there is a heightened awareness of the necessity for both maintaining genetic diversity for crop improvement and improving the quality of genetic resource management. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and isozymes can serve as genetic markers for estimating divergence or diversity however, the, limited number of polymorphic isozyme loci available and the labor intensive and time consuming nature of RFLPs make their use for this purpose prohibitive. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), when resolved using agarose gels, may be a viable and cost-effective alternative to RFLPs and isozymes. Ninety-four elite maize inbred lines, representative of the genetic diversity among lines derived from the Corn Belt Dent and Southern Dent maize races, were assayed for polymorphism at 70 SSR marker loci using agarose gels, The 365 alleles identified served as ram data for estimating genetic similarities among these lines. The patterns of genetic divergence revealed by the SSR polymorphisms were consistent with known pedigrees, A cluster analysis placed the inbred Lines in nine clusters that correspond to major heterotic groups or market classes for North American maize. A unique fingerprint for each inbred line could be obtained from as few as five SSR loci. The utility of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based markers such as SSRs for measuring genetic diversity, for assigning lines to heterotic groups and for genetic fingerprinting equals or exceeds that of RFLP markers, a property that may prove a valuable asset for a maize breeding program. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Mol Marker Facil, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Senior, ML (reprint author), Novartis Seeds Inc, 3054 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM lynn.senior@seeds.novartis.com NR 42 TC 229 Z9 339 U1 1 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1088 EP 1098 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105CJ UT WOS:000075054600033 ER PT J AU Fabrizius, MA Busch, RH Khan, K Huckle, L AF Fabrizius, MA Busch, RH Khan, K Huckle, L TI Genetic diversity and heterosis of spring wheat crosses SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AVENA-SATIVA L; BREEDING-BEHAVIOR; DISTANCE AB Genetic diversity between parents may contribute positively to both heterosis and transgressive segregation. The objectives of this study were to determine (i) whether genetic diversity in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) affected F-2 bulk heterosis and (ii) whether genetic diversity affected the amount of transgressive segregation among progeny from a cross. Genetic diversity was measured by pedigrees, morphology, and gliadin seed proteins. Heterosis was evaluated for 137 F-2 bulks tested at two Minnesota locations in 1993 and three locations in 1993. These bulb were developed from crosses among 91 cultivars. No linear relationship between genetic distance and F2 bulk heterosis was detected. However, when crosses were divided into related and unrelated groups, crosses,vith parents unrelated by pedigree or morphology expressed greater heterosis than crosses with related parents. Bulks of crosses between cultivars that were classified as unrelated by two or more of the distance measures showed more heterosis than related crosses. Thus, part of heterosis seems to be due to parental diversity, though not in a linear fashion. Expression of greater than-average heterosis by the highest yielding bulks, without an increase in genetic distance, suggested additional factors were influencing the expression of heterosis. Transgressive segregation was evaluated for six of the 137 crosses; 30 to 40 inbred lines from each of the crosses was evaluated in three environments. Data for these populations were consistent with an additive genetic model. The expression of heterosis was due in part to genetic diversity but was unpredictable and also depended on factors not elucidated by this study. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Pioneer Hi Bred Int Inc, Redwood Falls, MN 56283 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Cereal Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Busch, RH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1108 EP 1112 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 105CJ UT WOS:000075054600035 ER PT J AU Simanowski, UA Egerer, G Oneta, C Keil, T Pares, X Conradt, C Arce, L Waldherr, R Stickel, F Russell, RM Aderjan, R Klee, F Seitz, HK AF Simanowski, UA Egerer, G Oneta, C Keil, T Pares, X Conradt, C Arce, L Waldherr, R Stickel, F Russell, RM Aderjan, R Klee, F Seitz, HK TI Helicobacter pylori infection decreases gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity and first-pass metabolism of ethanol in man SO DIGESTION LA English DT Article DE ethanol metabolism; alcohol dehydrogenase; Helicobacter pylori/felis; gastric mucosa; first-pass metabolism, ethanol ID 1ST-PASS METABOLISM; HUMAN STOMACH; ACETALDEHYDE; BIOAVAILABILITY; ANTAGONISTS; RANITIDINE; CIMETIDINE; ABSORPTION; JAPANESE; MUCOSA AB Background/Aims: Ethanol is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase in the human stomach. This metabolism contributes to the so-called first-pass metabolism of ethanol which is affected by gender, medication, and morphological alterations of the gastric mucosa, Recently, it has been shown that Helicobacter pylori is capable to oxidize ethanol to acetaldehyde in vitro. Since H. pylori also injures gastric mucosa, the present study examines the effect of this bacterium on gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity and systemic availability of ethanol in vivo. Methods: Thirteen volunteers (7 men and 6 women, aged 18-52 years) with gastric H, pylori infection diagnosed by a positive CLO test and positive gastric histology received ethanol (0.225 g/kg) either orally or intravenously before and after H. pylori elimination to determine systemic availability of ethanol, In addition, gastric biopsy specimens were taken from all subjects before and after H. pylori elimination for histological assessment of mucosal alterations and determinations of gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity and phenotype of the enzyme. Results: In the presence of H. pylori the first-pass metabolism of ethanol was found to be significantly reduced (625 +/- 234 vs. 1,155 +/- 114 mg/dl/min, p = 0.046), This reduction of first-pass metabolism of ethanol was associated with a significant decrease in alcohol dehydrogenase activity (4.8 +/- 1.5 vs. 12.1 +/- 2.3 nmol/mg protein x min, p < 0.05) and an increase in the severity of mucosal damage as determined by a histological score (p < 0.05), Conclusions: H. pylori infection leads to gastric mucosal injury which is associated with a decrease in gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity and first-pass metabolism of ethanol, Ethanol metabolism by H, pylori does not play an important role in vivo. However, gastric morphology is one important factor determining systemic availability of ethanol in man. C1 Salem Med Ctr, Dept Med, Lab Alcohol Res Liver Dis & Nutr, D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Heidelberg, Dept Med Biometry, Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Heidelberg, Dept Pathol, Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Heidelberg, Dept Forens Med, Heidelberg, Germany. Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Barcelona, Spain. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Seitz, HK (reprint author), Salem Med Ctr, Dept Med, Lab Alcohol Res Liver Dis & Nutr, Zepelinstr 11-33, D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0012-2823 J9 DIGESTION JI Digestion PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 59 IS 4 BP 314 EP 320 DI 10.1159/000007508 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 111DL UT WOS:000075422000005 PM 9693201 ER PT J AU Elsasser, TH Sartin, JL McMahon, C Romo, G Fayer, R Kahl, S Blagburn, B AF Elsasser, TH Sartin, JL McMahon, C Romo, G Fayer, R Kahl, S Blagburn, B TI Changes in somatotropic axis response and body composition during growth hormone administration in progressive cachectic parasitism SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; FACTOR-ALPHA; NUTRITIONAL REGULATION; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; SARCOCYSTIS-CRUZI; BINDING-PROTEINS; CANCER CACHEXIA; MOLECULAR-FORMS; IN-VIVO; IGF-I AB A multistage protozoan parasitic disease was used as a cachexia model to study the effects of daily administration of bovine growth hormone (GH) on endocrine and body composition changes of young calves from the onset of the acute phase response (APR). Male calves averaging 127.5 +/- 2.0 kg body weight were assigned to control, ad libitum fed, noninfected (C); ad libitum fed, infected (250,000 oocysts Sarcocystis cruzi, per os, I); noninfected, pair-fed (PF) to matched I-treatment calves and these respective same treatments in calves injected daily with GH (USDA-bGH-B1), 12.5 mg/calf/day, im) designated as C-GH, I-GH and PFGH. GH injections were initiated on Day 20 postinfection (PI), 3 to 4 d before the onset of clinical signs of APR, and continued to Day 56 PI, at which time animals were euthanized for tissue collections. Abrupt increases in rectal temperature commensurate with-up to 70% reduction in voluntary feed intake were observed in I and I-GH beginning 23-25 d PI. For the trial period between Days 20 and 56 PI, average daily carcass protein gains were 123, 52, 109, 124, 48, and 67 g/d and average daily carcass fat gains were 85, 11, 43, 71, -23, and 29 g/d for C, I, PF, C-GH, I-GH, and PFGH, respectively. Effects of GH were significant for fat accretion and plasma urea depression. Rectus femoris was highly refractory to catabolic effects of infection while psoas major was significantly catabolized during infection. Plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-) I increased significantly in all GH-treated calves between Day 20 and 23 PI. Plasma IGF-I declined well below Day 20 values in all infected calves from the onset of the APR through the end of the study. The decrease in plasma IGF-I concentrations in I and I-G was highly correlated with the magnitude of the fever response. Hepatic mRNA for GH receptor and IGF-I was decreased in infected calves. Hepatic microsomal membrane binding of I-125-GH did not differ between groups. The data suggest that effects of GH and parasitism on tissue metabolism during disease may vary among different specific tissue pools. The data demonstrate that daily GH administration in young calves does not prevent lean tissue losses and may accelerate fat depletion associated with cachectic parasitism. Furthermore, the onset of APR overrode the capacity for GH to maintain elevated plasma concentrations of IGF-I, an effect not readily explained through changes in GH-receptor binding. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 1998. C1 ARS, USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Alabama Agr Expt Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Elsasser, TH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 49 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 15 IS 4 BP 239 EP 255 DI 10.1016/S0739-7240(98)00014-9 PG 17 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA ZY856 UT WOS:000074668500005 PM 9673456 ER PT J AU Saunders, JA AF Saunders, JA TI Effect of regenerated roots and shoots on nicotine production in tobacco tissue culture SO DRUG INFORMATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE tissue culture; alkaloids; tobacco; HPLC; translocation ID PLANT-GROWTH REGULATORS; CALLUS TISSUES; ALKALOIDS; BIOSYNTHESIS AB The accumulation of nicotine in regenerated shoot and root tissues of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv MD 872 grown from callus culture has been examined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedures. The presence of roots on callus tissue dramatically increased the accumulation of nicotine in both callus without shoots and in callus which had regenerated shoots. When shoots were regenerated the concentration of nicotine that accumulated in callus decreased whether roots were present or not. When varying concentrations of the nicotine precursors ornithine and putrescine were fed to callus derived tissue with and without regenerated roots, the rooted tissue was able to take up the precursors and accumulate nicotine in the shoots in amounts greater than controls. The half-life turnover rate for H-3-nicotine absorbed by the roots and transported into shoots was approximately 48 hours. These experiments indicate that although the root is the major site of synthesis of nicotine in tobacco, the accumulation of nicotine in various parts of the plant is regulated by the interaction of both root and shoot tissue. C1 USDA, Climate Stress Lab, NRI, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Saunders, JA (reprint author), USDA, Climate Stress Lab, NRI, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 50,Rm 100, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU DRUG INFORMATION ASSOCIATION PI AMBLER PA 321 NORRISTOWN RD, STE 225, AMBLER, PA 19002-2755 USA SN 0092-8615 J9 DRUG INF J JI Drug Inf. J. PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 32 IS 3 BP 609 EP 617 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 128GK UT WOS:000076397200002 ER PT J AU Epstein, HE Burke, IC Mosier, AR AF Epstein, HE Burke, IC Mosier, AR TI Plant effects on spatial and temporal patterns of nitrogen cycling in shortgrass steppe SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE nitrogen-15; C-3 and C-4 photosynthetic pathway; grasslands; nitrogen cycling; nitrogen mineralization; nitrogen retention; plant functional types; plant-soil interactions; shortgrass steppe ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; GREAT-PLAINS; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SEMIARID GRASSLAND; MINERALIZATION; BIODIVERSITY; C-3; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY AB Because of the water-limited nature and discontinuous plant cover of shortgrass steppe, spatial patterns in ecosystem properties are influenced more by the presence or absence of plants than by plant type. However, plant type may influence temporal patterns of nutrient cycling between plant and soil. Plants having the carbon-3 (C-3) or carbon-4 (C-4) photosynthetic pathway differ in phenology as well as other attributes that affect nitrogen (N) cycling. We estimated net N mineralization rates and traced nitrogen-15 (N-15) additions among plant and soil components during May, July, and September of 1995 in native plots of C-3 plants, C-4 plants, or mixtures of C-3 and C-4. Net N mineralization was significantly greater in C-3 plots than in C-4 plots during both July and September. C-3 plots retained significantly more N-15 in May than did mixed and C-4 plots; these differences in N-15 retention were due to greater N-15 uptake by C-3 plants than by C-4 plants during May. There were no significant differences in total N-15 retention among plant communities for July and September. Soil N-15 was influenced more by presence or absence of plants than by type of plant; greater quantities of N-15 remained in soil interspaces between plants than in soil directly under plants for July and September. Our results indicate that plant functional type (C-3 versus C-4) can affect both the spatial and the temporal patterns of N cycling in shortgrass steppe. Further research is necessary to determine how these intraseasonal differences translate to longer-term and coarser-scale effects of plants on N cycling, retention, and storage. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forens Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Epstein, HE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forens Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM howard@cnr.colostate.edu RI Burke, Ingrid/A-1420-2009 OI Burke, Ingrid/0000-0003-4717-6399 NR 64 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 1 IS 4 BP 374 EP 385 DI 10.1007/s100219900031 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 115QP UT WOS:000075676400007 ER PT J AU Kretsch, MJ Fong, AKH Green, MW Johnson, HL AF Kretsch, MJ Fong, AKH Green, MW Johnson, HL TI Cognitive function, iron status, and hemoglobin concentration in obese dieting women SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID EDUCATIONAL-ACHIEVEMENT; DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; SUPPLEMENTATION; CHILDREN AB Objective: To determine the relationships between cognitive function and iron status in dieting obese women. Design: Longitudinal weight loss study (repeated measures within-subject design) with 3 weeks of baseline, 15 weeks of 50% caloric restriction, and 3 weeks of weight stabilization. Dietary iron was fed at twice the US Recommended Dietary Allowance with half of the iron fr-om food sources and half from an oral supplement. Setting: This was a free-living study with the exception that subjects came to the research center for one meal per day and were provided all other meals and snacks to take home. Subjects: Healthy, premenopausal, obese women (mean BMI = 31.5) were recruited through local newspaper, poster and radio advertising. Twenty-four women volunteers were recruited and 14 completed the study. Measurements: Cognitive function, iron and hematological status, height, body weights and body composition were measured at baseline; at weeks 5, 10, and 15 of the energy restriction period; and at the end of weight stabilization. Computerized cognitive tests included: Bakan vigilance task, two finger tapping, simple reaction time, immediate word recall, and a focused attention task. Iron status and hematological measures included: serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation, serum ferritin, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, red cell count, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and RDW. Results: A significant reduction in Hb, hematocrit, and red blood cell count occurred across the study. Hb at the end of the study was positively correlated (r = 0.72, P < 0.01) with mean performance on a measure of sustained attention. Transferrin saturation also correlated positively to sustained attention task performance for those subjects whose Hb declined across the study (r = 0.86, P < 0.01). Conclusions: These findings suggest that dieting diminishes iron status in obese women, even when sufficient dietary iron is available, and that the inability to sustain attention may be an early sign of developing iron deficiency in dieting women. C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. Inst Food Res, Consumer Sci Dept, Reading, Berks, England. RP Kretsch, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 29997, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. RI Biguzzi, Felipe/E-4724-2015 NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 8 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 52 IS 7 BP 512 EP 518 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600598 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZY255 UT WOS:000074601800007 PM 9683334 ER PT J AU Verniere, C Hartung, JS Pruvost, OP Civerolo, EL Alvarez, AM Maestri, P Luisetti, J AF Verniere, C Hartung, JS Pruvost, OP Civerolo, EL Alvarez, AM Maestri, P Luisetti, J TI Characterization of phenotypically distinct strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri from Southwest Asia SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE citrus bacterial canker; detection; epidemiology; monoclonal antibodies; variability; taxonomy ID PHASEOLI EX SMITH; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CAUSAL AGENT; CAMPESTRIS; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENICITY; AVIRULENCE; DISEASES; GENE; RECLASSIFICATION AB Strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri were isolated from Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia) trees in several countries in southwest Asia. These strains produced typical erumpent bacterial canker lesions on Mexican lime but not on grapefruit (C. paradisi). Lesions on grapefruit were watersoaked and blister-like in contrast to the typical erumpent lesions seen after artificial. inoculation with all described pathotypes of X. axonopodis pv, citri. This group of strains hydrolysed gelatin and casein and grew in the presence of 3% NaCl as is typical of X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype A. RFLP analyses and DNA probe hybridization assays also gave results consistent with X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype A. Metabolic fingerprints prepared with the Biolog((R)) system showed similarities as well as differences to X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype A. In spite of the physiological and genetic similarities to pathotype A of X. axonopodis pv. citri, these strains had no or very little affinity for polyclonal antiserum prepared against any of the reference strains of X. axonopodis pv, citri and also did not react with monoclonal antibody Al, an antibody that detects all strains of pathotype A of X. axonopodis pv. cirri. These strains were also insensitive to bacteriophage Cp3 like X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype A and unlike X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype B. We conclude that these strains, designated Xcc-A*, represent a variant of X. axonopodis pv. citri pathotype-A with pathogenicity limited to C. aurantifolia. The existence of extensive genotypic and phenotypic variation within pathotype A of X. axonopodis pv. citri was unexpected and further complicates the systematics of this species. C1 INRA, CIRAD, Stn Rech Agron, F-20230 Corsica, France. FLHOR, CIRAD, St Pierre 97455, Reunion. USDA ARS, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Plant Pathol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. INRA, F-49071 Beaucouze, France. RP Verniere, C (reprint author), INRA, CIRAD, Stn Rech Agron, F-20230 Corsica, France. NR 44 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 104 IS 5 BP 477 EP 487 DI 10.1023/A:1008676508688 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 111YQ UT WOS:000075466800006 ER PT J AU Powell, JM Ikpe, FN Somda, ZC Fernandez-Rivera, S AF Powell, JM Ikpe, FN Somda, ZC Fernandez-Rivera, S TI Urine effects on soil chemical properties and the impact of urine and dung on pearl millet yield SO EXPERIMENTAL AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN; SHEEP; NUTRIENT; PASTURE; TRANSFORMATIONS; PHOSPHORUS; SYSTEMS; CATTLE; LOSSES; SAHEL AB Most farming systems in semi-arid West Africa rely on organic matter recycling for maintaining soil fertility. The cycling of biomass through ruminant livestock into dung (faeces) and urine that fertilize the soil has long been an important factor in the nutrient cycling processes of these integrated, mixed crop/livestock systems. While dung greatly improves soil properties and crop yields, little is known about the effects of urine on soil chemical properties and the impact of dung and urine on crop production. An average voiding of sheep urine applied to a sandy, siliceous soil in the Republic of Niger increased soil pH, available phosphorus and ammonium levels dramatically in the upper 10-15 cm of soil, especially during the first week following application. Losses of applied urine nitrogen via volatilization were in the order of 30-50%. A four-year field trial was conducted on the same soil type to evaluate the effects on pearl millet and weed yields of corralling cattle or sheep overnight on cropland (dung plus urine application) for one, two or three nights, every one, two or three years versus the effects of applying only dung at the same application rates and intervals achieved with corralling. The main results of this field trial were that (1) urine had large positive effects on millet grain, threshed panicle, leaf, stem and weed yields, (2) sheep dung was more effective than cattle dung in increasing yield, (3) two nights of dung application was adequate for maximum yield and (4) the positive effects of dung and urine on yield lasted two to three cropping seasons after application. C1 Int Livestock Res Inst, Niamey, Niger. Univ Sci & Technol, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. MicroMacro, Athens, GA 30607 USA. RP Powell, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jmpowel2@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 46 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 12 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0014-4797 J9 EXP AGR JI Exp. Agric. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 259 EP 276 DI 10.1017/S0014479798343069 PG 18 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 104PN UT WOS:000075023100002 ER PT J AU Premakumar, R Pau, RN Mitchenall, LA Easo, M Bishop, PE AF Premakumar, R Pau, RN Mitchenall, LA Easo, M Bishop, PE TI Regulation of the transcriptional activators AnfA and VnfA by metals and ammonium in Azotobacter vinelandii SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Azotobacter vinelandii; nitrogen fixation; regulation; anfA; vnfA; modE ID 2ND ALTERNATIVE NITROGENASE; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; STRUCTURAL GENES; EXPRESSION; NIFA; PROMOTER; NTRC; MOLYBDENUM; TRANSPORT; SEQUENCE AB Transcription of the genes encoding molybdenum (Mo)-independent nitrogenases 2 and 3 of Azotobacter vinelandii requires the activators VnfA and AnfA, respectively. The effect of NH4+, Mo, or V (vanadium) was tested on the expression of vnfA-lacZ and anfA-lacZ transcriptional fusions. Mo repressed expression of both fusions whereas NH4+ and V repressed the anfA-lacZ fusion, but not the vnfA-lacZ fusion. Thus the repressive effect on transcription of the anfHDGKOR operon by NH4+, Mo, or V is mediated through their effect on transcription of anfA and the repressive effect of Mo on the vnfHFd and vnfDGK operons is mediated through Mo repression of vnfA transcription. Mo-dependent repression of anfA transcription is influenced but not entirely mediated by the Mo-responsive regulator ModE. (C) 1998 Federation ol European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Nitrogen Fixat Lab, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. RP Bishop, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 164 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S0378-1097(98)00195-5 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA ZX947 UT WOS:000074571400010 PM 9675852 ER PT J AU Michael, JH Teitel, J Granskog, JE AF Michael, JH Teitel, J Granskog, JE TI Production facility site selection factors for Texas value-added wood producers SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FURNITURE INDUSTRY; STATES AB Value-added wood products manufacturers serve an important role in the economies of many U.S. regions and are therefore sought after by entities such as economic development agencies. The reasons why certain locations for a prospective production facility would be more attractive to secondary wood industry producers are not clearly understood. Therefore, this research attempts to increase our understanding of why a secondary wood producer would choose to place a production facility in one location versus another. All known value-added wood producers in Texas were surveyed to investigate the importance of 31 factors related to the plant location decision. The most important factors were determined to be property taxes and labor costs. Cost-related factors were ranked as most important when considering a location in a state other than Texas. Significant differences in factor importance were found for respondents who had recently made a location decision versus those planning a future decision. Implications are drawn for policymakers and economic development officials who are seeking to attract more value-added wood producers to a particular area. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Texas Agr Expt Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Grad Sch Business, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US Forest Serv, So Forest Expt Stn, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70113 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Mays Coll, Dept Mkt, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Michael, JH (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Texas Agr Expt Stn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 48 IS 7-8 BP 27 EP 32 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 111FQ UT WOS:000075427000006 ER PT J AU Hassler, CC Slahor, JJ DeGroot, RC Gardner, DJ AF Hassler, CC Slahor, JJ DeGroot, RC Gardner, DJ TI Preservative treatment evaluation of five Appalachian hardwoods at two moisture contents SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE AB Better documentation of the treatability of Appalachian hardwoods may lead to improved utilization of species such as beech and hickory and the lower grades of other more widely used species. Samples of yellow-poplar, red maple, red oak, hickory, and beech were pressure treated with the preservatives chromated copper arsenate Type-C (CCA-C) and ammoniacal copper quat Type-B (ACQ-B) at two moisture contents: 12 percent and 17.5 percent. Mixed results indicated that treatability is affected by moisture content differently, depending on species. Practical application of this moisture content effect is questionable. C1 W Virginia Univ, Appalachian Hardwood Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Wood Res Inst, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Hassler, CC (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Appalachian Hardwood Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 48 IS 7-8 BP 37 EP 42 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 111FQ UT WOS:000075427000008 ER PT J AU Skog, KE Nicholson, GA AF Skog, KE Nicholson, GA TI Carbon cycling through wood products: The role of wood and paper products in carbon sequestration SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FOREST PRODUCTS AB This study provides historical estimates and projections of U.S. carbon sequestered in wood and paper products and compares them to amounts sequestered in U.S. forests. There are large pools of carbon in forests, in wood and paper products in use, and in dumps and landfills. The size of these carbon pools is increasing. Since 1910, an estimated 2.7 Pg (petagrams; x 10(9) metric tons) of carbon have accumulated and currently reside in wood and paper products in use and in dumps and landfills, including net imports. This is notable compared with the current inventory of carbon in forest trees (13.8 Pg) and forest soils (24.7 Pg). On a yearly basis, net sequestration of carbon in U.S. wood and paper products (additions including net imports, minus emissions from decay and burning each year) is projected to increase from 61 Tg/year in 1990 to 74 Tg/year by 2040, while net additions (sequestration) in forests is projected to decrease from 274 to 161 Tg/year. Net sequestration is increasing in products and landfills because of an increase in wood consumption and a decrease in decay in landfills compared with phased-out dumps. If the total projected amount of products required is regarded as fixed, the net carbon sequestration in products and landfills can be increased by 1) shifting product mix to a greater proportion of lignin-containing products, which decay less in landfills; 2) increasing product recycling; 3) increasing product use-life; and 4) increasing landfill CH4 burning in place of fossil fuels. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Skog, KE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 27 TC 110 Z9 120 U1 1 U2 16 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 48 IS 7-8 BP 75 EP 83 PG 9 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 111FQ UT WOS:000075427000015 ER PT J AU Galletta, GJ Draper, AD Maas, JL Skirvin, RM Otterbacher, AG Swartz, HJ Chandler, CK AF Galletta, GJ Draper, AD Maas, JL Skirvin, RM Otterbacher, AG Swartz, HJ Chandler, CK TI 'Chester Thornless' blackberry SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CULTIVARS; FRUIT C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 52 IS 3 BP 118 EP 123 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 103YF UT WOS:000074984900001 ER PT J AU Galletta, GJ Maas, JL Enns, JM AF Galletta, GJ Maas, JL Enns, JM TI 'Earlysweet' black raspberry SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Galletta, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 52 IS 3 BP 123 EP 124 PG 2 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 103YF UT WOS:000074984900002 ER PT J AU Galletta, GJ Maas, JL Clark, JR Finn, CE AF Galletta, GJ Maas, JL Clark, JR Finn, CE TI 'Triple crown' thornless blackberry SO FRUIT VARIETIES JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Galletta, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 1 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 103 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 0091-3642 J9 FRUIT VARIETIES J JI Fruit Var. J. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 52 IS 3 BP 124 EP 127 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 103YF UT WOS:000074984900003 ER PT J AU Doolittle, JA Collins, ME AF Doolittle, JA Collins, ME TI A comparison of EM induction and GPR methods in areas of karst SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE electromagnetic induction; ground-penetrating radar; soil; limestone ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION; CENTRAL FLORIDA; SOIL AB Electromagnetic (EM) induction and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) methods have been used extensively in areas of karst to detect and delineate major structural and solution features and to improve site assessments. These methods do not work equally well in all soils and the amount of practical information derived from surveys has varied. The choice of the most appropriate method often depends on the electrical properties of the soils. This study characterized the use of GPR and EM at two contrasting sites in Florida and Pennsylvania. The Florida site is underlain by relatively thick layers of electrically resistive sands overlying loamy marine sediments and limestone bedrock. GPR was effectively used to determine the thickness of surface layers and the locations of buried solution features. Multiple, contrasting soil horizons and layers weakened relationships and created non-unique interpretations for EM. The Pennsylvania site is was underlain by clayey residuum and limestone bedrock. The clayey residuum is opaque to GPR and observation depths are severely restricted. EM induction effectively characterized the depths to bedrock within the Pennsylvania site. The integrated use of both methods, supported by commensurate 'ground truth' verifications, helped to increase confidence in interpretations. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, NRCS, Radnor Corp Ctr 5, Radnor, PA 19087 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Collins, ME (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Radnor Corp Ctr 5, 100 Matsonford Rd,Suite 200, Radnor, PA 19087 USA. NR 31 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD JUL PY 1998 VL 85 IS 1 BP 83 EP 102 DI 10.1016/S0016-7061(98)00012-3 PG 20 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA ZY016 UT WOS:000074578200005 ER PT J AU Blank, RR Young, JA Trent, JD Palmquist, DE AF Blank, RR Young, JA Trent, JD Palmquist, DE TI Natural history of a saline mound ecosystem SO GREAT BASIN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Allenrolfea occidentalis; Atriplex lentiformis spp. torreyi; eolian dust; Sarcobatus vermiculatus ID DESERT; PLAYA; CALIFORNIA; VEGETATION; SEDIMENT; MARGIN; BASIN; LAKE AB Along the margins of playas in northwestern Nevada, a salt-tolerant plant community occupies mounds that dot a largely unvegetated landscape. In this environment we studied soil development and plant-soil relationships. The mounds, averaging 0.3 m in height, are occupied by the shrubs Allenrolfea occidentalis (iodine bush), Sarcobatus vermiculatus (black greasewood), and Atriplex lentiformis ssp, torreyi (Torrey saltbush). Distichlis spicata (desert salt-grass) is the only herbaceous plant occupying this community. Soil salinity decreases with depth in this environment, and content of aqueous-extractable solutes is significantly influenced by site-specific vegetation. Content of silt, clay and salt in mound surface horizons suggests a chronosequence of mound formation, with the youngest at the barren playa interface and die oldest at the upland vegetation border. Plant demography and mound soil stratigraphy suggest that a pulse of plant recruit ment and mound building occurred during a time of neoglacial cooling. As a substrate for plant recruitment, mounds have a limited lifespan because deposition of eolian-transported salts and geochemical cycling by plants quickly render them too saline for seed germination. The apparent periodicity of mound formation precludes definitive conclusions regarding those mound characteristics favorable for plant recruitment and survivorship. C1 USDA ARS, Ecol Temp Desert Rangelands Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Blank, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ecol Temp Desert Rangelands Unit, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 0017-3614 J9 GREAT BASIN NAT JI Gt. Basin Nat. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 58 IS 3 BP 217 EP 230 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZZ768 UT WOS:000074765200002 ER PT J AU Choi, SW Kim, YI Weitzel, JN Mason, JB AF Choi, SW Kim, YI Weitzel, JN Mason, JB TI Folate depletion impairs DNA excision repair in the colon of the rat SO GUT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 97th Annual Meeting of the American-Gastroenterological-Association CY MAY 18-23, 1996 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Gastroenterol Assoc DE folate; colon cancer; DNA repair; single cell gel electrophoresis; microsatellite instability; rat ID HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; NUCLEIC-ACID PRECURSORS; MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY; COLORECTAL-CARCINOMA; REPLICATION ERRORS; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; FOLIC-ACID; DAMAGE; DEFICIENCY; CANCER AB Background/Aims-Diminished folate status appears to promote colonic carcinogenesis by, as of yet, undefined mechanisms. Impaired DNA repair plays a significant role in the evolution of many colon cancers. Since folate is essential for the de novo synthesis of nucleotides and since folate depletion has previously been associated with excessive DNA strand breaks, it was hypothesised that folate depletion may impair DNA repair. Studies were therefore performed to examine whether folate depletion affects the two major categories of DNA repair. Methods-Study 1: eight weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on diets containing either 0 or 8 mg folate/kg diet with 1% succinylsulphathiazole for four weeks. After viable colonocytes had been harvested, DNA excision repair was evaluated by a single cell gel electrophoresis assay. Study 2: eighteen animals were fed on similar diets for five weeks. Also in study 2, 18 additional rats were fed on the same defined diet without succinylsulphathiazole for 15 weeks. Weekly injections with the procarcinogen, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (20 mg base/kg), were administered to the latter group of animals. Five microsatellite loci from different chromosomes were investigated for instability in hepatic and colonic DNA. Results-In study 1, a significantly retarded rate of DNA excision repair was observed in the folate deficient colonocytes compared with controls (p<0.05). In study 2, there was no evidence of instability at the five microsatellite loci associated with either short or long term folate depletion. Conclusions-Folate deficiency impairs DNA excision repair in rat colonic mucosa; a similar degree of deficiency, even when administered in conjunction with a colonic carcinogen, did not produce evidence of a widespread defect in mismatch repair. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, Vitamin Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Clin Canc Genet Program, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. City Hope Natl Med Ctr, Beckman Res Inst, Duarte, CA 91010 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, New England Med Ctr,Div Gastroenterol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, New England Med Ctr,Div Clin Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Mason, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, Vitamin Bioavailabil Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [1U01-CA63812-01] NR 64 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0017-5749 J9 GUT JI Gut PD JUL PY 1998 VL 43 IS 1 BP 93 EP 99 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA ZY587 UT WOS:000074638600022 PM 9771411 ER PT J AU Finn, C Hancock, J Heider, C AF Finn, C Hancock, J Heider, C TI Notes on the strawberry of Ecuador: Ancient land races, the community of farmers, and modern production SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Finn, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1998 VL 33 IS 4 BP 583 EP 587 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZZ592 UT WOS:000074745600001 ER PT J AU Karns, JS Hapeman, CJ Mulbry, WW Ahrens, EH Shelton, DR AF Karns, JS Hapeman, CJ Mulbry, WW Ahrens, EH Shelton, DR TI Biotechnology for the elimination of agrochemical wastes SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; CATTLE-DIPPING VATS; HYDROLASE GENE; COUMAPHOS; DEGRADATION; CLONING; SOIL; DISPOSAL; OZONE; OPD C1 ARS, USDA, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Cattle Fever Tick Res Lab, Mission, TX 78572 USA. RP ARS, USDA, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1998 VL 33 IS 4 BP 626 EP 631 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZZ592 UT WOS:000074745600010 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Galletta, GJ Camp, MJ Kasperbauer, MJ AF Wang, SY Galletta, GJ Camp, MJ Kasperbauer, MJ TI Mulch types affect fruit quality and composition of two strawberry genotypes SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fragaria x ananassa; acid; sugar; fruit color; black polyethylene; red polyethylene; straw-vetch ID ELLAGIC ACID; COLOR AB The influence of mulch types (black polyethylene, red polyethylene, and straw-vetch in raised bed hill culture) on the chemical composition of 'Northeaster' and 'Primetime' strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch,) fruit and plant parts was evaluated, Ascorbic acid (AA), malic acid, citric acid, and ellagic acid levels were higher in 'Primetime' than in 'Northeaster' fruits, while 'Northeaster' had a higher soluble solids content (SSC), Fruit grown on straw-vetch had lower SSC than did those grown on the polyethylene mulches. The AA content in the fruit of either cultivar was not affected by the mulch treatment. Fruit grown on the straw-vetch mulch had less red surface and flesh color but higher pigment intensity than fruit grown on the polyethylene mulches. Strawberry plants grown on straw-vetch mulch had the largest leaf area and the highest chlorophyll content, while plants grown on red polyethylene mulch had the smallest leaf area and lowest chlorophyll content. There were significant mulch x cultivar interactions in fruit titratable acid (TA) and AA levels, sugars, citric and ellagic acid contents, leaf area and chlorophyll levels, and soluble carbohydrate and starch contents in leaves, petioles, crowns, crown-roots, and roots. TA was highest in 'Northeaster' fruit when grown on red polyethylene, whereas TA was highest in 'Primetime' fruit when grown on straw-vetch. The highest fruit citric acid levels were found in straw-vetch mulched plots of 'Northeaster', and in black polyethylene mulched plots of 'Primetime', Ellagic acid accumulation was highest in 'Northeaster' fruit grown on black polyethylene, and in 'Primetime' fruit grown on red polyethylene or straw-vetch mulches. Fruit glucose content was highest in 'Northeaster', but lowest in 'Primetime', when grown on the straw-vetch mulch. There was a general tendency for soluble carbohydrate and starch levels in plant tissues to be lowest when the plants were grown in red polyethylene mulch and highest when grown in black polyethylene mulch.'Primetime' contained higher total carbohydrate levels than did 'Northeaster' in all tissues tested. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1998 VL 33 IS 4 BP 636 EP 640 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZZ592 UT WOS:000074745600012 ER PT J AU Thies, JA Mueller, JD Fery, RL AF Thies, JA Mueller, JD Fery, RL TI Use of a resistant pepper as a rotational crop to manage southern root-knot nematode SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Capsicum annuum; chile; host plant resistance; Meloidogyne incognita ID MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; CAROLINA CAYENNE AB A 3-year field study was conducted at Blackville, S,C,, to evaluate the potential of using resistant pepper (Capsicum annuum L,) cultivars as a rotation crop for managing the southern root knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood]. The experiment was a split-plot with main plots arranged in a randomized complete-block design. In 1993, the entire experimental site was infested with M, incognita by inoculating a planting of susceptible PA-136 cayenne pepper with eggs of M. incognita race 3, In 1994, the main plots were planted to either highly resistant 'Carolina Cayenne' or its susceptible sibling line PA-136, In 1995, 'Carolina Cayenne' and the susceptible bell cultivars California Wonder and Keystone Resistant Giant were grown as subplots in each of the original main plots.'Carolina Cayenne' plants were unaffected by the previous crop. Previous cropping history, however, had a significant impact on the performance of the bell cultivars; the mean galling response was less (P < 0.01) and the yield was 2.8 times greater (P < 0.01) in the main plots previously cropped with 'Carolina Cayenne' than in those previously cropped with PA-136. These results suggest that resistant pepper cultivars have considerable merit as a rotation crop for managing M. incognita infestations in soils used for growing high-value vegetables. C1 ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Clemson Univ, Edisto Res & Educ Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol & Physiol, Blackville, SC 29817 USA. RP Thies, JA (reprint author), ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1998 VL 33 IS 4 BP 716 EP 718 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZZ592 UT WOS:000074745600033 ER PT J AU Fery, RL Thies, JA AF Fery, RL Thies, JA TI PA-353, PA-398, and PA-426: Southern root-knot nematode-resistant Capsicum chinense Jacq germplasm lines SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pepper; Meloidogyne incognita; soilborne pathogen C1 ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Fery, RL (reprint author), ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1998 VL 33 IS 4 BP 760 EP 761 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZZ592 UT WOS:000074745600047 ER PT J AU Thomas, PE Mink, GI AF Thomas, PE Mink, GI TI Tomato hybrids with nonspecific immunity to viral and Mycoplasma pathogens of potato and tomato SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lycopersicon esculentum; Lycopersicon peruvianum; resistance; immunity; virus; mycoplasma; potato leafroll; beet curly top; tomato yellow top; tomato big bud ID YELLOW TOP VIRUS; LEAF ROLL VIRUS; LYCOPERSICON-PERUVIANUM C1 ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99164 USA. RP Thomas, PE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99164 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1998 VL 33 IS 4 BP 764 EP 765 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZZ592 UT WOS:000074745600049 ER PT J AU Galletta, GJ Maas, JL AF Galletta, GJ Maas, JL TI Donald Hyde Scott SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 ARS, Fruit Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Galletta, GJ (reprint author), ARS, Fruit Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 1998 VL 33 IS 4 BP 769 EP 769 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA ZZ592 UT WOS:000074745600051 ER PT J AU Andersland, JM Dixon, DC Seagull, RW Triplett, BA AF Andersland, JM Dixon, DC Seagull, RW Triplett, BA TI Isolation and characterization of cytoskeletons from cotton fiber cytoplasts SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE actin; intermediate filaments; tubulin; microtubules; microfilaments ID INTERMEDIATE-SIZED FILAMENTS; TOBACCO BY-2 CELLS; HIGHER-PLANT CELLS; POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS; IN-VITRO; MEMBRANE SKELETON; TUBULIN ISOTYPES; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; BOUND POLYSOMES; F-ACTIN AB Over the last 25 yr, success in characterizing the individual protein components of animal cytoskeletons was possible, in part, due to technical advances in the isolation and purification of anucleate cytoskeletons from animal cells. As a step towards characterizing protein components of the plant cytoskeleton, we have isolated cytoskeletons from cytoplasts (anucleate protoplasts) prepared from cotton fiber cells grown in ovule culture. Cytoplasts isolated into a hypertonic, Ca2+-free medium at pH 6.8 retained internal structures after extraction with the detergent, Triton X-100. These structures were shown to include microtubule and microfilament arrays by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Actin and tubulin were the only abundant proteins in these preparations, suggesting that microfilaments and microtubules were the major cytoskeletal elements in the isolated cytoskeletons. The absence cf additional, relatively abundant proteins suggests that (a) other cytoskeletal arrays potentially present in fiber cells (e.g., intermediate filaments) were either lost during detergent extraction or were minor components of the fiber cell cytoskeleton, and (b) high ratios of individual cytoskeletal-associated proteins relative to actin and tubulin were not required to maintain microtubules and microfilaments in organized structures. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Andersland, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 53 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IN VITRO BIOLOGY PI LARGO PA 9315 LARGO DR WEST, STE 25, LARGO, MD 20774 USA SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 173 EP 180 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 110GV UT WOS:000075372900001 ER PT J AU Reed, BM Denoma, J Luo, J Chang, YJ Towill, L AF Reed, BM Denoma, J Luo, J Chang, YJ Towill, L TI Cryopreservation and long-term storage of pear germplasm SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT SIVB Congress on In Vitro Biology CY JUN 14-18, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. DE cryopreservation; genebank; liquid nitrogen storage; Pyrus; slow freezing; vitrification ID GROWN SHOOT TIPS; LIQUID-NITROGEN; INVITRO PLANTLETS; APICAL MERISTEMS; SURVIVAL; VITRIFICATION; DEHYDRATION; APPLE; BUDS AB Germplasm collections of vegetatively propagated crops are usually maintained as plants in fields or potted in greenhouses or screened enclosures. Safety duplication of these collections, as duplicate plants or separate collections, is costly and requires large amounts of space. Cryopreservation techniques which were recently developed fbr long-term storage of pear germplasm may offer an efficient alternative to conventional germplasm collection maintenance. Pear (Pyrus L.) germplasm may now be stored as seeds (species), dormant buds or pollen from field-grown trees, or shoot tips from in vitro-grown plants (cultivars). Pear germplasm may now be cryopreserved and stored for long periods (> 100 yr) utilizing slow-freezing or vitrification of in vitro-grown shoot-tips. Dormant bud freezing. pollen, and seed cryopreservation of other lines are being developed to complete the base collection for Pyrus. This cryopreserved collection provides base (long-term) storage for the field-grown pear germplasm collection at the National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, Oregon. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Seed Storage Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Reed, BM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 33 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1054-5476 EI 1475-2689 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 34 IS 3 BP 256 EP 260 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 110GV UT WOS:000075372900015 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP AF Dubey, JP TI Advances in the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT VIIth International Coccidiosis Conference CY SEP 01-05, 1997 CL KEBLE COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Inst Anim Hlth, Compton, Berkshire HO KEBLE COLL DE Toxoplasma gondii; toxoplasmosis; life cycle; tachyzoites; bradyzoites; sporozoites; tissue cysts ID CELL-CULTURE; CYST FORMATION; IN-VITRO; BRADYZOITES; TACHYZOITES; SPOROZOITES; OOCYSTS; MICE; CATS AB This paper reviews recent studies on the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii. Tachyzoites, bradyzoites, and sporozoites are the three infectious stages of T. gondii. Humans and animals become infected mainly by ingesting bradyzoites or oocysts. After ingestion, both bradyzoites and sporozoites convert to tachyzoites inside tissues. The conversion of tachyzoites to bradyzoites and bradyzoites to tachyzoites is of biological and clinical significance because bradyzoites are less susceptible to chemotherapy and reactivation of bradyzoites to tachyzoites is considered the cause of fatal toxoplasmosis in AIDS patients. Of all the methods currently available to assess stage conversion of T. gondii, feeding infective stages to cats is the most reliable method. Felidae, the definitive hosts of T. gondii excrete oocysts 3-10 days after ingesting tissue cysts/bradyzoites, greater than or equal to 18 days after ingesting oocysts, and greater than or equal to 13 days after ingesting tachyzoites. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, BARC E,Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 38 TC 186 Z9 201 U1 13 U2 63 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 28 IS 7 BP 1019 EP 1024 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(98)00023-X PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 108JB UT WOS:000075261600004 PM 9724872 ER PT J AU Lillehoj, HS AF Lillehoj, HS TI Role of T lymphocytes and cytokines in coccidiosis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT VIIth International Coccidiosis Conference CY SEP 01-05, 1997 CL KEBLE COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Inst Anim Hlth, Compton, Berkshire HO KEBLE COLL DE intestinal immunity; protozoa; Eimeria; cytotoxic T lymphocytes; gut-associated lymphoid tissue; intra-epithelial lymphocyte; cytokine; interferon-gamma ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; INTESTINAL INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES; ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXATION; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID CLONING; MESSENGER RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; MEDIATED CYTO-TOXICITY; GAMMA-DELTA-RECEPTORS; EIMERIA-TENELLA AB Development of a vaccine for avian coccidiosis has been hampered by lack of understanding of the various components of the host immune system leading to protective immunity. Clear understanding of the cellular dichotomy in cytokine production in mice and the availability of immunological reagents, as well as gene knock-out mice, now makes in-depth immunological study in this species feasible. From studies of various parasitic infection models in mice, it is becoming clear that complex regulation by cytokines is involved in host immunity. Furthermore, the studies in mice clearly indicated an important role of various effector mechanisms involving T lymphocytes, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells and cytokines in resistance to coccidiosis. In comparative studies of coccidiosis in chickens, in-vivo and in-vitro studies revealed that interferon-gamma, tumour necrosis factor and transforming growth factor-beta are induced following Eimeria infection. Depletion studies revealed the importance of CD8(+)TCR alpha beta(+) T lymphocytes in host protective immunity to avian coccidiosis. Taken together, studies in mice and chickens are providing a better understanding of the role of effector cells and soluble factors which control immune responses to Eimeria parasites. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hlilleho@ggpl.arsusda.gov NR 90 TC 79 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 EI 1879-0135 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 28 IS 7 BP 1071 EP 1081 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(98)00075-7 PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 108JB UT WOS:000075261600010 PM 9724878 ER PT J AU Danforth, HD AF Danforth, HD TI Use of live oocyst vaccines in the control of avian coccidiosis: experimental studies and field trials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT VIIth International Coccidiosis Conference CY SEP 01-05, 1997 CL KEBLE COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Inst Anim Hlth, Compton, Berkshire HO KEBLE COLL DE vaccination; immunity; poultry; oocyst; coccidia; anticoccidials ID EIMERIA-MAXIMA; TENELLA; CHICKEN AB Areas addressed in this study on the use of live oocyst vaccines to control coccidiosis include: the influence of immunocompetency of the strains and sex of the birds used; methods of delivery of vaccine; immunological variation between different strains of the same coccidial species; and the effects of combining vaccine with anticoccidial medication. The results show that vaccination with live oocysts elicited significant protection against coccidiosis, both with experimentally induced and naturally acquired coccidial infection, resulting in average bird weight gains and feed efficiency similar to that obtained with conventional anticoccidial medication. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, LPSI, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Danforth, HD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, LPSI, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Bldg 1040,Room 103,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 28 IS 7 BP 1099 EP 1109 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(98)00078-2 PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 108JB UT WOS:000075261600013 PM 9724881 ER PT J AU Jenkins, MC AF Jenkins, MC TI Progress on developing a recombinant coccidiosis vaccine SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT VIIth International Coccidiosis Conference CY SEP 01-05, 1997 CL KEBLE COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Inst Anim Hlth, Compton, Berkshire HO KEBLE COLL DE Eimeria; vaccine; coccidiosis ID PARASITOPHOROUS VACUOLE MEMBRANE; EIMERIA-TENELLA MEROZOITES; OOCYST WALL PROTEIN; LOW-LEVEL INFECTION; HOST-CELL INVASION; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; MICRONEME PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI AB The past 10 years of research aimed at developing subunit vaccines against a number of apicomplexans, including Eimeria, Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, have, if anything, revealed the complex nature of parasite-host interactions. The knowledge gained from this research has shown why developing a subunit vaccine based on a single recombinant antigen from one developmental stage of the parasite was an overly optimistic approach. Many apicomplexan parasites have acquired unique strategies to evade host immunity. The variable expression of genes encoding erythrocyte membrane protein 1 of Plasmodium falciparum [1] (Berendt et al. Parasitology 1994;108:S19-S28) exemplifies one such strategy. The particular mechanism for evading immune destruction depends on a number of interrelated factors, not least of which is the parasite life-cycle and the availability of susceptible hosts. The goal of any vaccine, be it an attenuated organism or a recombinant antigen, is to break the cycle of infection. The development of a recombinant vaccine against apicomplexan parasites will depend on identifying those antigens and intracellular processes that are vital to the parasite survival and those which exist merely as a way of evading immunity. The information that follows is a review of both molecular biology/biochemistry of eimerian parasites and factors that influence host immune responses to coccidia. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, LPSI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jenkins, MC (reprint author), ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, LPSI, USDA, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kins@ggpl.arsusda.gov NR 105 TC 42 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 28 IS 7 BP 1111 EP 1119 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(98)00041-1 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 108JB UT WOS:000075261600014 PM 9724882 ER PT J AU Allen, PC Danforth, HD Augustine, PC AF Allen, PC Danforth, HD Augustine, PC TI Dietary modulation of avian coccidiosis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT VIIth International Coccidiosis Conference CY SEP 01-05, 1997 CL KEBLE COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Inst Anim Hlth, Compton, Berkshire HO KEBLE COLL DE anticoccidial natural products; n-3 fatty acids; gamma-tocopherol; tumeric; betaine ID N-3 FATTY-ACIDS; VITAMIN-E; GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; EIMERIA-TENELLA; CHICKENS; QINGHAOSU; RESPONSES; CURCUMIN; INFLAMMATION AB During the past several years, our laboratory has been investigating the anticoccidial activities of various natural products that have potential use as dietary supplements for coccidiosis control. Sources of fats containing high concentrations of n-3 fatty acids such as menhaden oil and flaxseed oil and flaxseed, when added to starter rations and fed to chicks from one day of age, effectively reduce lesions caused by the caecal parasite Eimeria tenella? but not lesions caused by Eimeria maxima. Our results are consistent with reports of effects of diets high in n-3 fatty acids on other protozoan parasites which suggest that the state of oxidative stress induced by these diets in the cells of both host and parasites is responsible for their parasitic actions. Artemisinin, a naturally occurring (Artemisia annua) endoperoxide and effective antimalarial significantly lowers lesions from E. tenella when given at low levels as a feed additive. The mechanism of its action is also considered to involve induction of oxidative stress. Diets supplemented with 8 p.p.m. gamma-tocopherol (abundant in flaxseeds) or with 1% of the spice tumeric, reduce mid-small intestinal lesion scores and improve weight gains during E. maxima infections. These compounds may exert their anticoccidial activity because they are effective antioxidants. Betaine, a choline analogue found in high concentrations in sugar beets, improves nutrient utilisation by animals under stress. When provided as a dietary supplement at a level of 0.15% it has enhanced the anticoccidial activity of the ionophore, salinomycin. Betaine may act as an osmoprotectant whereby it improves the integrity and function of the infected intestinal mucosa. In in vivo studies, betaine plus salinomycin significantly inhibit invasion of both E. tenella and E. acervulina. However, subsequent development of E. acervulina is inhibited more effectively with this combination treatment than development of E. tenella. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Allen, PC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Torero, Rebeca/C-1703-2012 NR 55 TC 85 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 28 IS 7 BP 1131 EP 1140 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(98)00029-0 PG 10 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 108JB UT WOS:000075261600016 PM 9724884 ER PT J AU Ashby, RD Cromwick, AM Foglia, TA AF Ashby, RD Cromwick, AM Foglia, TA TI Radiation crosslinking of a bacterial medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoate) elastomer from tallow SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article DE medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoate); Pseudomonas resinovorans; radiation crosslinking ID PSEUDOMONAS-OLEOVORANS; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL MODIFICATION; CROSS-LINKING; POLY(BETA-HYDROXYALKANOATES); BIOSYNTHESIS; POLYESTERS; ACIDS; POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES AB Pseudomonas resinovorans produces a medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (MCL-PHA) copolymer when grown on tallow (PHA-tal). This polymer had a repeat unit composition ranging from C4 to C14 with some mono-unsaturation in the C12 and C14 alkyl side chains. Thermal analysis indicated that the polymer;was semi-crystalline with a melting temperature (T-m) of 43.5 +/- 0.2 degrees C and a glass transition temperature (T-g) of -43.4 +/- 2.0 degrees C. The presence of unsaturated side chains allowed crosslinking by gamma-irradiation. Irradiated polymer films had decreased solubility in organic solvents that indicated an increase in the crosslink density within the film matrix. The addition of linseed oil to the gamma-irradiated film matrix enhanced polymer recovery while minimizing chain scission. Linseed oil also caused a decrease in the enthalpy of fusion (Delta H-m) of the films (by an average of 60%) as well as enhanced mineralization. The effects of crosslinking on the mechanical properties and biodegradability of the polymer were determined. Radiation had no effect on the storage modulus (E') of the polymer. However, radiation doses of 25 and 50 kGy did increase the Young modulus of the polymer by 129 and 114%, and the tensile strength of the polymer by 76 and 35%, respectively. Finally, the formation of a higher crosslink density within the polymer matrix decreased the biodegradability of the PHA films. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Ashby, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM rashby@arserrc.gov NR 34 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-8130 J9 INT J BIOL MACROMOL JI Int. J. Biol. Macromol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 23 IS 1 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.1016/S0141-8130(98)00034-8 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA ZU798 UT WOS:000074236000008 PM 9644597 ER PT J AU Stair, DW Dahmer, ML Bashaw, EC Hussey, MA AF Stair, DW Dahmer, ML Bashaw, EC Hussey, MA TI Freezing tolerance of selected Pennisetum species SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COLD-ACCLIMATION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; ABSCISIC-ACID; WINTER SURVIVAL; HARDINESS; INJURY; CELLS; BERMUDAGRASS; RESISTANCE; MEMBRANE AB Poor winter survival often limits the successful persistence of perennial Pennisetum species to the warmest areas of the southern United States. To investigate winter survival in Pennisetum, conductance measurements were used to evaluate changes in electrolyte leakage as an indicator of freezing tolerance of selected species using field-grown plants, growth chamber-grown seedlings, and callus tissue. A buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare [L.] Link syn Cenchrus ciliaris L.) x birdwoodgrass (C. setigerus L.) hybrid (B x BW) with poor winter survival at College Station, Texas, a moderately winter-hardy buffelgrass genotype (PI 409704), and a winter-hardy species (P. orientale L. C. Rich. cv. Cowboy) were tested in the field in 1989-1990. Tiller bases were collected in December, January, March, and April, with the freezing tolerance estimated by the electrolyte leakage method. The freeze tolerance of PI 409704 in December was similar to Cowboy and significantly greater than B x BW, however, only Cowboy survived the 1989-1990 winter in the field. Seedlings of two winter-hardy species, Cowboy and P. flaccidum Griseb. cv. Carostan, two moderately winter-hardy species P. mezianum Leeke, PI 214061 and PI 409704, and a buffelgrass cultivar with poor winter hardiness (Common) were grown at either 20 degrees/15 degrees C or 10 degrees/5 degrees C with photoperiods of 9 h or 15 h. The freezing tolerance was estimated by the electrolyte leakage method. Photoperiod had no effect on the freezing tolerance of any genotype tested. All species had greater freezing tolerance when grown at 10 degrees/5 degrees C with Carostan having the greatest freezing tolerance (-8.3 degrees C) and Common the least (-4.0 degrees C). Callus tissues from the same genotypes were grown at either 17 degrees C or 7 degrees C, and the freezing tolerance determined. Carostan calli had greater freezing tolerance at 7 degrees C (-3.6 degrees C) than at 17 degrees (-1.1 degrees C). The other genotypes exhibited no detectable freezing tolerance at either temperature. These results indicate that freezing tolerance in Carostan and Cowboy may be an important factor in their winter survival. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Hussey, MA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 159 IS 4 BP 599 EP 605 DI 10.1086/297578 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 109JR UT WOS:000075319300009 ER PT J AU Rayachhetry, MB Van, TK Center, TD AF Rayachhetry, MB Van, TK Center, TD TI Regeneration potential of the canopy-held seeds of Melaleuca quinquenervia in South Florida SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INFRUCTESCENCES; PREDATION; ABORTION; EMBRYO; PLANTS; FIRE AB Melaleuca quinquenervia produces and maintains extensive seed reservoirs in the forest canopy. We collected capsules from different infructescences (clusters; Cluster I is the youngest, located at the most distal position, and Cluster VII is the oldest, located at the most proximal position) on branches from dry, seasonally flooded. and permanently flooded habitats. Extracted seeds were soaked for 10 d in sterile deionized water and/or 2,3,5,-triphenol tetrazolium chloride (TTC) stain to assess viability. Microscopic inspections revealed that only 15% of the seeds were embryonic (filled), 50% of embryonic seeds were viable (stained red with TTC), and 73% of viable seeds were germinable after 10 d. The remaining 27% of viable seeds may have been dormant or, possibly, required special conditions for germination. A higher percentage of seeds were embryonic on trees at permanently hooded habitats (18%) when compared to dry (14%) or seasonally flooded (14%) habitats. Overall seed viabilities and germinabilities were comparable among the three habitat types. Proportions of filled seeds were constant among infructescence positions within each habitat. Both viability and germinability of seeds varied with infructescence age, both being highest in Clusters II-V and lowest in Cluster VII. C1 Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. ARS, USDA, Aquat Weed Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Rayachhetry, MB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 32 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 159 IS 4 BP 648 EP 654 DI 10.1086/297583 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 109JR UT WOS:000075319300014 ER PT J AU Stanton, TB Postic, D Jensen, NS AF Stanton, TB Postic, D Jensen, NS TI Serpulina alvinipulli sp. nov., a new Serpulina species that is enteropathogenic for chickens SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Serpulina alvinipulli sp. nov; enteropathogenic bacteria; spirochaetes; chickens ID INTESTINAL SPIROCHETOSIS; TREPONEMA-HYODYSENTERIAE; GEN-NOV; IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIAL AB Strain C1(T) is an anaerobic spirochaete that causes intestinal disease in chickens. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis and 16S rRNA sequence comparisons have indicated that this spirochaete is a Serpulina strain. In these investigations, various phenotypic and genomic properties useful for establishing a taxonomic identity for strain C1(T) were studied. As determined by electron microscopy, cells of the spirochaete measured 8-11 x 0.22-0.34 mu m and had a typical spirochaete ultrastructure. Each cell had 22-30 flagella. C1(T) cells formed weakly beta-haemolytic colonies on trypticase soy agar plates containing 5% bovine blood. the spirochaete reached maximum population densities of 10(9) cells ml(-1) with a 2-4 h population doubling time in brain heart infusion broth containing 10% calf serum (BHIS broth). C1(T) cultures in BHIS broth were positive in tests for hippurate hydrolysis and negative for indole production. Glucosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, glucose. fructose, maltose and mannose were growth substrates for the spirochaete in heart infusion broth containing 7% calf serum (HS broth). During growth in HS broth beneath an O-2/N-2 (1:99) atmosphere, cells of the spirochaete consumed O-2 and glucose and produced H-2, CO2, acetate, butyrate and ethanol. Strain C1(T) DNA had a G+C content of 24.6 mol%. Based on DNA-DNA hybridization analyses, the DNA of strain C1(T) exhibited 24-39% relative reassociation with DNA of Serpulina hyodysenteriae, Serpulina innocens, Serpulina pilosicoli, Serpulina murdochii and Serpulina intermedia. These results indicate that chicken spirochaete strain Clr has many phenotypic properties common to Serpulina species and, based on DNA hybridization analysis, represents a unique Serpulina species. For this new species the name Serpulina alvinipulli is proposed, for which the type strain is C1(T) (= ATCC 51933(T)). C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Inst Pasteur, Unite Bacteriol Mol & Med, F-75724 Paris, France. RP Stanton, TB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM tstanton@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 29 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 48 BP 669 EP 676 PN 3 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 114CA UT WOS:000075590500006 PM 9734021 ER PT J AU Wang, ET van Berkum, P Beyene, D Sui, XH Dorado, O Chen, WX Martinez-Romero, E AF Wang, ET van Berkum, P Beyene, D Sui, XH Dorado, O Chen, WX Martinez-Romero, E TI Rhizobium huautlense sp. nov., a symbiont of Sesbania herbacea that has a close phylogenetic relationship with Rhizobium galegae SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhizobium huautlense sp. nov; symbionts; Sesbania herbacea; nitrogen fixers ID TROPICAL LEGUME SESBANIA; NITROGEN-FIXING NODULES; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; GEN-NOV; AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; DNA HOMOLOGIES; DIVERSITY; TAXONOMY AB The nitrogen-fixing rhizobial symbionts of Sesbania herbacea growing in the nature reserve at the Sierra de Huautla, Mexico, were isolated and characterized, All 104 isolates together with the type strain for Rhizobium galegae, HAMBI 540(T), had similar 16S rRNA genes as revealed by PCR-RFLP analysis. Similarity in the sequences of the 16S rRNA genes placed the isolates on a phylogenetic branch shared with R. galegae. Among 66 randomly selected isolates, three closely related electrophoretic alloenzyme types (ETs) were identified, which were distinct from 10 ETs distinguished among 23 strains of R. galegae. A new species Rhizobium huautlense, represented by the Sesbania isolate S02(T), is proposed based upon low estimates of DNA relatedness between our chosen type strain and the type strains for the other species, the dissimilarity of the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA genes, and their distinct ETs compared with R. galegae. The description of R. huautlense is significant because in the reconstruction of the phylogeny of R. huautlense there was a shift in the node of the branch of Agrobacterium vitis relative to that of R. galegae. The revised phylogenetic tree would tend to indicate common ancestry between R. galegae and Rhizobium leguminosarum. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Sobre Fijac Nitrogeno, Dept Mol Genet, Cuernavaca 62191, Morelos, Mexico. USDA ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Coll Agr & Nat Resources, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Beijing Agr Univ, Coll Biol, Dept Microbiol, Beijing 100094, Peoples R China. Univ Autonoma Estado Morelos, CIEH, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. RP Martinez-Romero, E (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Sobre Fijac Nitrogeno, Dept Mol Genet, Apdo Postal 565-A, Cuernavaca 62191, Morelos, Mexico. EM emartine@cifn.unam.mx NR 62 TC 105 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 48 BP 687 EP 699 PN 3 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 114CA UT WOS:000075590500008 PM 9734023 ER PT J AU Labeda, DP AF Labeda, DP TI DNA relatedness among the Streptomyces fulvissimus and Streptomyces griseoviridis phenotypic cluster groups SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DNA relatedness; Streptomyces fulvissimus; Streptomyces griseoviridis ID ACID; STRAINS AB As a continuation of an ongoing study of DNA relatedness among red-spored streptomycetes, the homology between the four species comprising the Streptomyces fulvissimus phenotypic cluster (S fulvissimus, Streptomyces aureoverticillatus, Streptomyces longispororuber and Streptomyces spectabilis) and the four species comprising the Streptomyces griseoviridis phenotypic cluster (S. griseoviridis, Streptomyces chryseus, Streptomyces daghestonicus and Streptomyces murinus) was measured spectrophotometrically from C(0)t(0.5) determinations. All strains were also compared to 12 strains representing previously determined DNA-relatedness clusters in the Streptomyces lavendulae phenotypic cluster, including the type strain NRRL B-1230(T). The strains segregated into 15 cluster groups at DNA relatedness >80%, including 10 single-membered clusters. S. griseoviridis and S. daghestonicus were synonymous, as were S. chryseus and S. longispororuber. S. spectabilis exhibited species-level homology with strain NRRL B-2402, which had been received as S. lavendulae. S. aureoverticillatus exhibited significant DNA relatedness to Streptomyces flavotricini. None of the strains from the S. fulvissimus or S. griseoviridis clusters exhibited significant homology to the type strain of S. lavendulae. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Labeda, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 12 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 48 BP 829 EP 832 PN 3 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 114CA UT WOS:000075590500023 ER PT J AU Nakamura, LK AF Nakamura, LK TI Bacillus pseudomycoides sp. nov. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus pseudomycoides sp. nov.; 16S rDNA sequence analysis ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; TAXONOMY AB Previous DNA relatedness studies showed that strains identified as Bacillus mycoides segregated into two genetically distinct yet phenotypically similar groups, one being B. mycoides sensu stricto and the other, an unclassified taxon. In the present study, the taxonomic position of this second group was assessed by measuring DNA relatedness and determining phenotypic characteristics of an increased number of B. mycoides strains. Also determined was the second group's 16S RNA gene sequence. The 36 B.mycoides strains studied segregated into two genetically distinct groups showing DNA relatedness of about 30%; 18 strains represented the species proper and 18 the second group with intragroup DNA relatedness for both groups ranging from 70 to 100 %. DNA relatedness to the type strains of presently recognized species with G+C contents of approximately 35 mol% (Bacillus alcalophilus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus lentus, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus sphaericus) ranged from 22 to 37 %. Although shown to be genetically distinct taxa, the two B. mycoides groups exhibited highly similar (98%) 16S RNA sequences. Phylogenetic analyses showed that both B. mycoides and the second group clustered closely with B. cereus. Although not distinguishable by physiological and morphological characteristics, the two B. mycoides groups and B. cereus were clearly separable based on fatty acid composition. the data established that the second B. mycoides group merits recognition as a new species for which the name Bacillus pseudomycoides is proposed. The type strain is NRRL B-617(T). C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Dept Agr, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Nakamura, LK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Dept Agr, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 11 TC 92 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 16 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG7 1AE SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 48 BP 1031 EP 1035 PN 3 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 114CA UT WOS:000075590500047 PM 9734060 ER PT J AU Picchioni, GA Watada, AE Conway, WS Whitaker, BD Sams, CE AF Picchioni, GA Watada, AE Conway, WS Whitaker, BD Sams, CE TI Postharvest calcium infiltration delays membrane lipid catabolism in apple fruit SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE plant senescence; ripening; glycerolipids; steryl lipids; Malus domestica Borkh. ID TISSUE; STORAGE AB Postharvest changes in membrane lipids of Ca2+-infiltrated apples (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Golden Delicious) have been evaluated. Calcium infiltration (2% or 4% w/v CaCl2) improved fruit firmness retention over control (water-infiltrated) fruit following 6 months of 0 degrees C storage and after 7 subsequent days at 20 degrees C. During cold storage, total phospholipid (primarily phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine) and acylated steryl glycoside concentrations increased in Ca2+-infiltrated fruit but decreased in control fruit. Seven days following transfer from cold storage to 20 degrees C, total phospholipid concentration remained highest in fruit infiltrated with 4% CaCl2. Free sitosterol and steryl glycoside concentrations were generally increased with increasing infiltrated Ca2+ concentration throughout the postharvest evaluation period. Greater conservation of specific membrane lipid components in the Ca2+-infiltrated fruit, both during and after low-temperature storage, may contribute to the well-known beneficial effects of Ca2+ infiltration in maintaining apple quality. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. RP Picchioni, GA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 28 TC 41 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 46 IS 7 BP 2452 EP 2457 DI 10.1021/jf971083e PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 104BV UT WOS:000074993100003 ER PT J AU Ralph, J Conesa, MTG Williamson, G AF Ralph, J Conesa, MTG Williamson, G TI Simple preparation of 8-5-coupled diferulate SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ferulate; diferulate; ferulic acid; diferulic acid; peroxidase; radical coupling; crosslinking ID LIGNIN MODEL COMPOUNDS; COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY; CONIFERYL ALCOHOL; CROSS-LINKS; ESTERS; GRASSES AB Diferulates are important products of ferulate-mediated cross-linking of plant cell walls. Coupling of ferulates by radical mechanisms produces a range of diferulates. One of the major isomers, 8-5-coupled diferulate, can be synthesized by single-electron oxidants, but the yields are relatively low and purification is nontrivial. Significant quantities of this dimer are required for various analytical and reactivity studies. A simpler preparation utilizing the biomimetic peroxidase-H2O2 system allows the production of gram quantities of pure diethyl 8-5-diferulate. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Inst Food Res, Dept Biochem, Norwich NR4 7UA, Norfolk, England. RP Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jralph@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Williamson, Gary/C-9684-2010 OI Williamson, Gary/0000-0002-5624-6267 NR 21 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 46 IS 7 BP 2531 EP 2532 DI 10.1021/jf980123r PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 104BV UT WOS:000074993100017 ER PT J AU Grabber, JH Ralph, J Hatfield, RD AF Grabber, JH Ralph, J Hatfield, RD TI Ferulate cross-links limit the enzymatic degradation of synthetically lignified primary walls of maize SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Gramineae; Zea mays; cell wall; ferulic acid; diferulic acids; Lignin; cross-linking; cellulase; degradability ID CELL-WALLS; ACIDS; DEGRADABILITY; FIBERS; ESTERS; POLYSACCHARIDES; IDENTIFICATION; DIGESTIBILITY; LIGNIFICATION; SWITCHGRASS AB Ferulate cross-linking of arabinoxylans to lignin may restrict the enzymatic degradation of structural polysaccharides, limiting the utilization of graminaceous crops and crop residues as feedstuffs and as feedstocks for fuel and chemical production. Maize walls from nonlignified cell suspensions with ca. 5.1 or 17.6 mg g(-1) of ferulates were synthetically lignified with coniferyl alcohol and H2O2 to form dehydrogenation polymer-cell wall complexes with ca. 4.8 or 15.8 mg g(-1) of ferulates incorporated into lignin. Ferulate concentrations in cell walls were reduced from normal levels by growing cell suspensions with 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid or by methylating wall ferulates with diazomethane prior to complex formation. A 70% reduction in ferulate-lignin cross-linking increased carbohydrate solubilization by 24-46% after 6 h and by 0-25% after 72 h of hydrolysis with two fungal enzyme mixtures. Reduced cross-linking enhanced the hydrolysis of xylans and, to a lesser degree, cellulose from walls. The results presented indicate that reduced feruloylation of arabinoxylans will significantly improve the hydrolysis of lignified grass walls. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jgrabber@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 41 TC 131 Z9 131 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 46 IS 7 BP 2609 EP 2614 DI 10.1021/jf9800099 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 104BV UT WOS:000074993100030 ER EF