FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Everett, RL Lehmkuhl, JF AF Everett, RL Lehmkuhl, JF BE Baydack, RK Campa, H Haufler, JB TI Restoring biodiversity on public forest lands through disturbance and patch management irrespective of land-use allocation SO PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO THE CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Conference of the Wildlife-Society CY SEP 12-17, 1995 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Wildlife Soc ID CONSERVING BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; NATURE RESERVES; CONSERVATION; EQUILIBRIUM; DYNAMICS; OREGON; STANDS; DESIGN C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA USA. RP Everett, RL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA USA. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-543-6 PY 1999 BP 87 EP + PG 24 WC Biology; Ecology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BM91L UT WOS:000080112500006 ER PT B AU Samson, FB Knopf, FL AF Samson, FB Knopf, FL BE Baydack, RK Campa, H Haufler, JB TI Putting diversity into resource conservation SO PRACTICAL APPROACHES TO THE CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Conference of the Wildlife-Society CY SEP 12-17, 1995 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Wildlife Soc ID BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; BIODIVERSITY; MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM C1 USDA, Forest Serv Div, Missoula, MT USA. RP Samson, FB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv Div, Missoula, MT USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-543-6 PY 1999 BP 167 EP + PG 13 WC Biology; Ecology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BM91L UT WOS:000080112500010 ER PT S AU Kim, S Schatzki, TF AF Kim, S Schatzki, TF BE Meyer, GE DeShazer, JA TI Detection of insect damages in almonds SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGICAL QUALITY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Agriculture and Biological Quality CY NOV 03-04, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engn DE sorting; X-ray imaging; insect damage; almond; pinhole ID AFLATOXIN AB Pinhole insect damage in natural almonds is very difficult to detect on-line. Further, evidence exists relating insect damage to aflatoxin contamination. Hence, for quality and health reasons, methods to detect and remove such damaged nuts are of great importance. In this study, we explored the possibility of using X-ray imaging to detect pinhole damage in almonds by insects. X-ray film images of about 2000 almonds (including 522 pinhole damaged almonds) and X-ray linescan images of only 522 pinhole damaged almonds were obtained. The pinhole damaged region appeared slightly darker than non-damaged region in X-ray negative images. A machine recognition algorithm was developed to detect these darker regions. The algorithm used the first order (pixel intensity) and the second order (intensity change) information to identify the damaged region. To reduce the possibility of false postive results due to germ region in high resolution images, germ detection and removal routines were also included. With film images, the algorithm showed approximately an 81% correct recognition ratio with only 1% false positives whereas Line scan images correctly recognized 65% of pinholes with about 9% false positives. The algorithm was very fast and efficient requiring only minimal computation time. If implemented on line, theoretical throughput of this recognition system would be 66 nuts/second. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3155-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3543 BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.1117/12.336872 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Biology SC Agriculture; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BM50V UT WOS:000078921900012 ER PT S AU Zayas, IY AF Zayas, IY BE Meyer, GE DeShazer, JA TI Freezing affect on bread appearance evaluated by digital imaging SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGICAL QUALITY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Agriculture and Biological Quality CY NOV 03-04, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engn ID CRUMB AB In marketing channels, bread is sometimes delivered in a frozen state for distribution. Changes occur in physical dimensions, crumb grain and appearance of slices. Ten leaves, (one pound), twelve bread slices per loaf were scanned for digital image analysis and then frozen in a commercial refrigerator. The bread slices were stored for four weeks, scanned again, permitted to thaw and scanned a third time. Image features were extracted, to determine shape, size and image texture of the slices. Different thresholds of grey levels were set to detect changes that occurred in crumb, images were binarized at these settings. The number of pixels falling into these gray level settings were determined for each slice. Image texture features of subimages of each slice were calculated to quantify slice crumb grain. The image features of the slice size showed shrinking of bread slices, as a result of freezing and storage, although shape of slices did not change markedly. Visible crumb texture changes occurred and these changes were depicted by changes in image texture features. Image texture features showed that slice crumb changed differently at the center of a slice compared to a peripheral area close to the crust. Image texture and slice size features were sufficient for discrimination of slices before and after freezing and after thawing. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Marketing Res & Prod Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Zayas, IY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Marketing Res & Prod Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3155-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3543 BP 132 EP 140 DI 10.1117/12.336875 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Biology SC Agriculture; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BM50V UT WOS:000078921900015 ER PT S AU Archibald, DD Funk, DB Barton, FE AF Archibald, DD Funk, DB Barton, FE BE Meyer, GE DeShazer, JA TI Locally weighted regression for accessing a database containing wheat grain NIR transmission spectra and grain quality parameters SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGICAL QUALITY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Agriculture and Biological Quality CY NOV 03-04, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engn DE partial least squares regression; locally weighted regression; instrument standardization; wheat; protein; NIR; transmission ID MULTIVARIATE INSTRUMENT STANDARDIZATION; DIFFERENTIATION AB Networks of NIR transmission spectrometers operating in the range 850 to 1050 nm are used worldwide to determine wheat grain quality parameters such as protein content. These instrumental systems often require maintenance of calibrations for each grain class, and updating of calibrations for each crop year. In order to facilitate annual updates and eliminate the need for multiple wheat class calibration models, this laboratory is pursuing a modeling strategy that uses locally weighted regression (LWR) to access a spectral database. With LWR, the calibration model defines the procedure to access the database and calculate the prediction, and this model can potentially remain the same for all classes and crop years. Incorporation of new sample variation is accomplished by new additions to the spectral database. Details are presented on development of an NIR model for determination of protein in multiple wheat-classes using the LWR approach with Y-distance weighting. This model is compared with a linear partial least-squares regression model spanning the same diverse set of samples. Initial steps were taken to validate these models with spectra measured on seven instruments at two remote locations. C1 USDA ARS, Qual Assessment Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Archibald, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Qual Assessment Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3155-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3543 BP 141 EP 151 DI 10.1117/12.336876 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Biology SC Agriculture; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BM50V UT WOS:000078921900016 ER PT S AU Archibald, DD Thai, CN Dowell, FE AF Archibald, DD Thai, CN Dowell, FE BE Meyer, GE DeShazer, JA TI Development of short-wavelength near-infrared spectral imaging for grain color classification SO PRECISION AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGICAL QUALITY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Agriculture and Biological Quality CY NOV 03-04, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engn DE wheat; red color; spectral image; short-wavelength NIR; CCD camera; LCTF; PCA AB Color class of wheat is an important attribute for the identification of cultivars and the marketing of wheat, but is not always easy to measure in the visible spectral range because of variation in vitreosity and surface structure of the kernels. This work examines whether short-wavelength near infrared (SW-NIR) imaging in the range 632 - 1098 nm can be used to distinguish different cultivars. The spectral characteristics of six hard white winter (HDWW) and hard red spring (HRS) wheats were first studied by bulk-sample SW-NIR reflectance spectroscopy using regression analysis to select appropriate wavelengths and sets of wavelengths. prediction of percent red wheat was better if C-H or O-H vibrational overtones were included in the models in addition to the tail from the visible chromophore absorbance, apparently because the vibrational bands make it possible to normalize the color measurement to the dry matter content of the samples. Next, a reflectance spectral image of 640 x 480 spatial pixels and Il wavelengths was acquired for a mixture of the two contrasting wheat samples using a CCD camera and a liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF). The cultivars were distinguished in the image of principal component (PC) score number two that was calculated from the spectral image. The discrimination is due to the tail from the absorbance band that peaks in the visible. PC images 3 and 6 seem to arise mainly from O-H and C-K bands, respectively, and it is speculated that these spectral features will be important for generating multivariate models to predict the color class of grain. It is shown that the contrast between the red-wheat, white-wheat and background can be increased by applying histogram equalization and segmentation of the kernels in the images. C1 USDA ARS, Qual Assessment Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Archibald, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Qual Assessment Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3155-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3543 BP 189 EP 198 DI 10.1117/12.336882 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Biology SC Agriculture; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BM50V UT WOS:000078921900021 ER PT J AU Wells, SJ Garber, LP Wagner, BA AF Wells, SJ Garber, LP Wagner, BA TI Papillomatous digital dermatitis and associated risk factors in US dairy herds SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE digital dermatitis; footwarts; cattle microbiological diseases ID CATTLE AB The objective of this study was to describe the incidence of papillomatous digital dermatitis in the US (including regional and herd size patterns) and to evaluate specific herd-level management factors associated with high incidence of digital dermatitis in US dairy herds. The study design was a population-based cross-sectional survey. US daily operations with at least 30 cows in 20 states, representing 79% of US dairy cows, were sampled. On participant operations;a questionnaire was administered by veterinary medical officer or animal-health technicians on-farm to dairy managers. Papillomatous digital dermatitis was reported in milk cows in the previous 12 months from 43.5% of US dairy herds. Seventy-eight percent of affected herds reported that their first cases occurred in 1993 or later. Regions of the USA with the highest percent of herds affected included the Southwest, Northwest, and Northeast. Factors associated with high (>5%) incidence of papillomatous digital dermatitis included region, herd size, type of land lactating cows accessed on a daily basis, flooring type where lactating cows walked, percent of cows barn off the operation, use of a primary hoof trimmer who trimmed cows' hooves on other operations, and lack of washing of hoof-trimming equipment between cows. Papillomatous digital dermatitis has been recently reported from dairy herds across the US. This study suggests that a high percentage of herds with digital dermatitis could be prevented. Management strategies to potentially prevent or reduce incidence of digital dermatitis on dairy operations include those related to biosecurity and 'cow hoof' environmental conditions. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Wells, SJ (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 18 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 1 BP 11 EP 24 DI 10.1016/S0167-5877(98)00132-9 PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 164HW UT WOS:000078458600002 PM 10022049 ER PT S AU Hayes, JL AF Hayes, JL BE Hayes, JL Raffa, KL TI Genetic variation in Dendroctonus frontalis, within and between populations SO PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP ON BARK BEETLE GENETICS: CURRENT STATUS OF RESEARCH SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Bark Beetle Genetics - Current Status of Research CY JUL 17-18, 1998 CL MADISON, WI C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NW Res Stn, Forest & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Hayes, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NW Res Stn, Forest & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 1999 VL 466 BP 6 EP 8 PG 3 WC Entomology; Forestry SC Entomology; Forestry GA BN75P UT WOS:000082822300003 ER PT S AU Poland, TM Haack, RA AF Poland, TM Haack, RA BE Hayes, JL Raffa, KL TI Genetic perspectives on the ecology and management of Tomicus piniperda in North America SO PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP ON BARK BEETLE GENETICS: CURRENT STATUS OF RESEARCH SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Bark Beetle Genetics - Current Status of Research CY JUL 17-18, 1998 CL MADISON, WI C1 Michigan State Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Poland, TM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1407 S Harrison Rd,Rm 220, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 1999 VL 466 BP 41 EP 43 PG 3 WC Entomology; Forestry SC Entomology; Forestry GA BN75P UT WOS:000082822300016 ER PT S AU Haack, RA Poland, TM Wu, J Ye, H AF Haack, RA Poland, TM Wu, J Ye, H BE Hayes, JL Raffa, KL TI Tomicus and Anoplophora genetics: Important research needs SO PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP ON BARK BEETLE GENETICS: CURRENT STATUS OF RESEARCH SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Bark Beetle Genetics - Current Status of Research CY JUL 17-18, 1998 CL MADISON, WI C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Haack, RA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1407 S Harrison Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 1999 VL 466 BP 44 EP 46 PG 3 WC Entomology; Forestry SC Entomology; Forestry GA BN75P UT WOS:000082822300017 ER PT S AU Gebert, KM Schuster, EG AF Gebert, KM Schuster, EG GP USDA USDA TI Predicting national fire suppression expenditures SO PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE ECONOMICS, PLANNING AND POLICY: BOTTOM LINES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire Economics, Planning, and Policy - Bottom Lines CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USDA Forest Serv, Colorado State Univ AB A quantitative tool was developed to predict USDA Forest Service fire suppression expenditures by fiscal year on the basis of fire activity dta (i.e., number of fires and acres burned) from Incident Management Situation Reports. Regional regression models were developed with adjusted r-squares ranging from 0.696 to 0.969. National predictions result from aggregating regional predictions. Predictions are made monthly during the fire season, starting in June. Subsequent predictions reflect actual, past expenditure information and the level of fire activity likely to occur in the remaining months of the fiscal year. This tool was used by Fire and Aviation Management to predict fire suppression expenditures for fiscal year 1998. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Gebert, KM (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith,POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW PY 1999 VL 173 BP 21 EP 30 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BR85K UT WOS:000167781700004 ER PT S AU Mangan, RJ AF Mangan, RJ GP USDA USDA TI Issues in large wildfire suppression cost reduction: An operational perspective SO PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE ECONOMICS, PLANNING AND POLICY: BOTTOM LINES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire Economics, Planning, and Policy - Bottom Lines CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USDA Forest Serv, Colorado State Univ AB To significantly reduce the costs of fighting large wildfires, fire managers must address the most costly areas. These areas are in aviation resources; equipment, food, showers, and toilets (56.6 percent of total costs); and in personnel (31.7 percent of total costs). Because many of these costs are under the control of the Incident Command System's operations section chief, careful review could provide some opportunities for reductions. Such opportunities include pulling back resources when extreme fire behaviour conditions are forecast, using natural barriers rather then constructed fireline when conditions permit, and letting the fire burn out rather than putting it out during mop-up when conditions permit. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Missoula Technol & Dev Ctr, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. RP Mangan, RJ (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Missoula Technol & Dev Ctr, Bldg 1,Ft Missoula, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW PY 1999 VL 173 BP 31 EP 35 PG 5 WC Environmental Studies; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BR85K UT WOS:000167781700005 ER PT S AU Schuster, EG AF Schuster, EG GP USDA USDA TI Analysis of Forest Service wildland fire management expenditures: An update SO PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE ECONOMICS, PLANNING AND POLICY: BOTTOM LINES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire Economics, Planning, and Policy - Bottom Lines CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USDA Forest Serv, Colorado State Univ AB Soaring expenditures for fire management in the USDA Forest Service have caused substantial concern over fire management costs, especially in light of questions about the role of fire in ecosystems. This report contains analysis of most Forest Service fire management expenditures between fiscal years 1970-98. Expenditure information was obtained from a variety of sources, including electronic files from the National Finance Center, hardcopy information from archived records, and data developed by regional fire and accounting personnel. Results identified statistically significant trends in increased total fire management expenditures, in both nominal and real dollars, with or without the fiscal year 1994, the record expenditure year. When expressed in constant 1998 dollars, fire preparedness expenditures showed a statistically significant compound growth rate of 3.4 percent annually, while no trend could be discerned for fire operations expenditures. Similarly, no statistical trend in annual fuel treatment expenditures could be detected over the fiscal years 1970-98 period, although a statistically significant compound growth rate of 20.1 percent annually was found for the 1990's. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Schuster, EG (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW PY 1999 VL 173 BP 37 EP 49 PG 13 WC Environmental Studies; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BR85K UT WOS:000167781700006 ER PT S AU Wiitala, MR AF Wiitala, MR GP USDA USDA TI Assessing the risk of cumulative burned acreage using the Poisson probability model SO PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE ECONOMICS, PLANNING AND POLICY: BOTTOM LINES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire Economics, Planning, and Policy - Bottom Lines CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USDA Forest Serv, Colorado State Univ AB Resource managers are frequently concerned that the area burned by wildfire over time will impede achievement of land management objectives. Methods that use the Poisson probability model to quantify that risk are described. The methods require a concise statement of an adverse wildfire outcome and information on fire frequencies and sizes. An example is presented that illustrates use of the risk assessment procedure to quantify the trade-off between burned acreage risk and the cost of a fuels treatment project that reduces risk. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Wiitala, MR (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 1221 SW Yamhill St,Suite 200, Portland, OR 97205 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW PY 1999 VL 173 BP 51 EP 57 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BR85K UT WOS:000167781700007 ER PT S AU Schuster, EG Krelbs, MA AF Schuster, EG Krelbs, MA GP USDA USDA TI Sensitivity of National Fire Management Analysis System (NFMAS) solutions to changes in Interagency Initital Attack (IIAA) input data SO PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE ECONOMICS, PLANNING AND POLICY: BOTTOM LINES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire Economics, Planning, and Policy - Bottom Lines CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USDA Forest Serv, Colorado State Univ AB A sensitivity analysis was conducted of the National Fire Management Analysis System (NFMAS) to better understand the relationship between data input and model output. After consultations with fire managers and researchers, five input variables were selected for sensitization: unit mission costs, average acre costs, net value change, production rates, and escaped fire limits. A random sample of 23 National Forests was selected, according to the distribution of forests within regions and fire frequency classes, on the basis of historical fire data. Database tables were manipulated, with each variable increased and decreased at six levels (+/- 25, +/- 50, and +/- 100 percent). The Interagency Initial Attack Assessment (IIAA) model was run at each successive level, generating a new set of output, cost plus net value change (C+NVC), for each sensitized variable. Results were analyzed statistically, and production rates and average acre costs were found to be the most influential, while unit mission costs was least influential. In general, greater sensitivity changes resulted in greater changes in C+NVC. C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Schuster, EG (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith,POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW PY 1999 VL 173 BP 79 EP 90 PG 12 WC Environmental Studies; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BR85K UT WOS:000167781700010 ER PT S AU Wiitala, MR AF Wiitala, MR GP USDA USDA TI A dynamic programming approach to determining optimal forest wildfire initial attack responses SO PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE ECONOMICS, PLANNING AND POLICY: BOTTOM LINES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire Economics, Planning, and Policy - Bottom Lines CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USDA Forest Serv, Colorado State Univ AB A mathematical optimization model, based on the operations research technique of deterministic dynamic programming, is offered as a method to search quickly through available options to find the economically efficient set of initial attack resources to suppress a wildfire. Considerations in selecting initial attack resources for an efficient initial response include cost of transportation and use, line construction productivity, response times, resource complementaries, size of fire upon discovery, rate of fire spread,fire damage, mop-up cost, and fire benefits. The dispatch optimization model has several applications, such as developing preplanned and real-time dispatches and evaluating the economic efficiency of new initial attack technologies. C1 USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Serv, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Wiitala, MR (reprint author), USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Serv, 1221 SW Yamhill St,Suite 200, Portland, OR 97205 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW PY 1999 VL 173 BP 115 EP 123 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BR85K UT WOS:000167781700014 ER PT S AU da Luz, MA Wallis, WS AF da Luz, MA Wallis, WS GP USDA USDA TI Application of wildland fire assessments SO PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE ECONOMICS, PLANNING AND POLICY: BOTTOM LINES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire Economics, Planning, and Policy - Bottom Lines CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USDA Forest Serv, Colorado State Univ AB Wildland fire assessment is an attempt to use spatial analysis to highlight priorities for program management. The techniques rely on mapping of risks, hazards, and values, which are aggregated to determine treatment or attack priorities. The process can be applied on a strategic basis in large landscapes across jurisdictional boundaries. Scaled to local situations, the assessment can ordinate fire management zones, providing the basis for tactical planning. The assessment is designed to be iterative, accommodating changes over time and refined by integrating databases from partner agencies and stakeholders. The evolution of the Federal Fire Policy formally recognizes fire as a process essential for ecosystem function and process. As such, management decisions include a wider array of options and an increasing demand for coordinated interagency responses. Wildland fire assessments employ the use of spatial analysis to highlight priorities for program management. Managers are faced with the need to choose appropriate management responses. These decisions are influenced by the need to identify areas in which it is appropriate to use natural ignitions for resource benefit, prioritize the application of prescribed fire, and help to identify priorities for suppression responses and opportunities for intervention or fuel modification. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP da Luz, MA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, POB 25127, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW PY 1999 VL 173 BP 125 EP 130 PG 6 WC Environmental Studies; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BR85K UT WOS:000167781700015 ER PT S AU Snyder, GW AF Snyder, GW GP USDA USDA TI Strategic holistic integrated planning for the future: Fire protection in the urban/rural/wildland interface (URWIN) SO PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE ECONOMICS, PLANNING AND POLICY: BOTTOM LINES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire Economics, Planning, and Policy - Bottom Lines CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USDA Forest Serv, Colorado State Univ AB Wildland fire protection in the United States has evolved from predominantly protecting natural resources values to protecting values of the urban-wildland interface. Providing fire protection in this "unnatural" ecosystem has become more complex. Wildland fire suppression costs have escalated dramatically in recent years, yet the area of wildlands is decreasing. A strategic evaluation is made of the correlation of population growth, rising wildland fire protection costs, and roles and responsibilities of fire protection providers. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Snyder, GW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 740 Simms St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW PY 1999 VL 173 BP 159 EP 169 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BR85K UT WOS:000167781700019 ER PT S AU Jones, JG Chew, JD Zuuring, HR AF Jones, JG Chew, JD Zuuring, HR GP USDA USDA TI Applying simulation and optimization to plan fuel treatments at landscape scales SO PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE ECONOMICS, PLANNING AND POLICY: BOTTOM LINES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire Economics, Planning, and Policy - Bottom Lines CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USDA Forest Serv, Colorado State Univ AB Fuel treatment activities are analyzed at the landscape scale by using both simulation and optimization. Simulating vegetative patterns and processes at landscape scales (SIMPPLLE), a stochastic simulation modeling system, is initially applied to asses wildfire risks on the current landscape without management treatments but with fire suppression. These simulation results are input into a multi-resource analysis and geographic information system (MAGIS), an optimization modeling system, for scheduling activities that reduce these risks and address other management objectives. The derived treatment schedules are used in additional SIMPPLLE simulations to examine the change in wildfire risk and other natural processes. Fuel treatment effects are quantified as changes in the predicted extent and intensity of future wildfires and the resulting economic benefits. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Jones, JG (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW PY 1999 VL 173 BP 229 EP 236 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BR85K UT WOS:000167781700026 ER PT S AU Wohlgemuth, PM Beyers, JL Conard, SG AF Wohlgemuth, PM Beyers, JL Conard, SG GP USDA USDA TI Postfire hillslope erosion in southern California chaparral: A case study of prescribed fire as a sediment management tool SO PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE ECONOMICS, PLANNING AND POLICY: BOTTOM LINES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire Economics, Planning, and Policy - Bottom Lines CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USDA Forest Serv, Colorado State Univ AB Land managers in southern California have speculated that prescribed burning could reduce the soil erosion generated by catastrophic wildfires. A unique opportunity to test this notion arose when a wildfire swept over an ongoing field experiment measuring hillslope erosion from a prior prescribed burn. Results indicate that fire severity can affect erosion response, that postfire hillslope erosion levels can return to normal within 3 years, and that prescribed fire can reduce the erosion produced by further wildfires. On the basis of these results, an economic analysis for a hypothetical watershed suggests that prescribed fire can be a viable sediment management tool. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Wohlgemuth, PM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RI Conard, Susan/H-8158-2013 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW PY 1999 VL 173 BP 269 EP 276 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BR85K UT WOS:000167781700031 ER PT S AU Cleaves, DA Haines, TK Martinez, J AF Cleaves, DA Haines, TK Martinez, J GP USDA USDA TI Prescribed burning costs: Trends and influences in the National Forest System SO PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE ECONOMICS, PLANNING AND POLICY: BOTTOM LINES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire Economics, Planning, and Policy - Bottom Lines CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USDA Forest Serv, Colorado State Univ AB The results of a survey from 1985 to 1994 of the USDA Forest Service's National Forest System prescribed burning activity and costs are examined. Fuels management officers from 95 National Forests reported costs and acreage burned for 4 types of prescribed fire, including slash reduction, management-ignited fires, prescribed natural fires, and brush, grass, and rangeland burns, and rated the relative importance of 9 resource enhancement targets and 12 factors influencing bunting costs. Substantial differences were found in per acre costs and cost variability by burn type, National Forest Regions, and resource target mix. Planning cos ts were estimated to be about 25 percent of fetal costs in most regions. Unit size, labor availability, escape fire safeguards, and environmental restrictions were the most important cost influences, but these varied by region. Data limitations suggest the need for a uniform, comprehensive system of data collection on prescribed burning activity and costs. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Cleaves, DA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Sidney B Yates Bldg,210 14th St SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW PY 1999 VL 173 BP 277 EP 287 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BR85K UT WOS:000167781700032 ER PT S AU Mangan, RJ AF Mangan, RJ GP USDA USDA TI Wildfire cost reductions through equipment development and standardization SO PROCEEDINGS OF SYMPOSIUM ON FIRE ECONOMICS, PLANNING AND POLICY: BOTTOM LINES SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC SOUTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fire Economics, Planning, and Policy - Bottom Lines CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP USDA Forest Serv, Colorado State Univ AB Standardizing equipment and clothing can reduce the costs of fighting wildfires by allowing items to be purchased in large quantities. In the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, equipment is developed at two Technology and Development Centers, one in Missoula, Montana, and the other in San Dimas, California. After a prototype has been developed, new items of equipment are tested in the field and completed with design specifications and drawings. The General Services Administration procures large quantities of items meeting these specifications, saving an average of 25 percent of the total cost. During the past 5 years, agencies have purchased about $26 million in clothing and equipment each year, with savings of about $6.5 million a year by purchasing through the General Services Administration. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Missoula Technol & Dev Ctr, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. RP Mangan, RJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Missoula Technol & Dev Ctr, Bldg 1,Ft Missoula, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC SW FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI BERKELEY PA PO BOX 245, BERKELEY, CA 94701 USA SN 0196-2094 J9 US FOR SERV T R PSW PY 1999 VL 173 BP 291 EP 294 PG 4 WC Environmental Studies; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BR85K UT WOS:000167781700033 ER PT B AU Absher, JD Burns, RC Graefe, AR AF Absher, JD Burns, RC Graefe, AR BE Kyle, G TI Improving recreational customer satisfaction: Focusing on communication and changes in quality of experience at us army corps of engineers reservoirs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 NORTHEASTERN RECREATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY APR 11-14, 1999 CL BOLTON LANDING, NY SP Mansfield Univ, Michigan State Univ, Penn State Univ, Sunny Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Massachusetts, Univ New Hampshire, Univ Vermont, USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Western Illinois Univ, Westfield State Coll, W Virginia Univ ID SERVICE QUALITY AB Visitors to US Army Corps of Engineers' (ACOE) reservoirs were queried about their on site experiences and their propensity to inform either recreation agency staff members or family members and/or friends if they had a negative experience at the recreation area. Based on previous work to establish customer service attributes for ACOE recreation, four basic domain measures were calculated representing facilities, services, information, and recreation experience. In rum, these domain level performance measures were related to site use, changes in experience over time disconfirmation), and communication about the disconfirmation. Overall satisfaction and experiential disconfirmation were found to be related to the customer service domains. Nonetheless, only about six percent of visitors noted that the quality of their experience had worsened, and they were disproportionately ramp users or day use site visitors. Communication of their disconfirmation is similar across groups and follows known patterns of telling friends and family before staff. Implications for recreation management are discussed. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA PY 1999 BP 73 EP 77 PG 5 WC Environmental Studies; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Sociology GA BQ19H UT WOS:000087441300012 ER PT B AU Dwyer, JF AF Dwyer, JF BE Kyle, G TI Similarities and differences in the outdoor recreation participation of racial/ethnic groups: An example from Illinois SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 NORTHEASTERN RECREATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY APR 11-14, 1999 CL BOLTON LANDING, NY SP Mansfield Univ, Michigan State Univ, Penn State Univ, Sunny Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Massachusetts, Univ New Hampshire, Univ Vermont, USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Western Illinois Univ, Westfield State Coll, W Virginia Univ AB Much of the initial research on the outdoor recreation participation of racial/ethnic groups focused on between-group differences in percent participating in an activity. This tended to Focus research, policy, and management on between-group differences at the expense of a more comprehensive look at the participation patterns of racial/ethnic groups. This paper suggests a more comprehensive approach that focuses on similarities as well as differences between groups along several dimensions of participation. It also looks at participation rates while taking into account age, residence, household income, gender, and household size. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Evanston, IL 60202 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA PY 1999 BP 98 EP 105 PG 8 WC Environmental Studies; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Sociology GA BQ19H UT WOS:000087441300017 ER PT B AU Dennis, DF Stevens, TH Kittredge, DB Rickenbach, MG AF Dennis, DF Stevens, TH Kittredge, DB Rickenbach, MG BE Kyle, G TI Aspects of nonindustrial forest ownership that influence attaining recreation and other nontimber objectives SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 NORTHEASTERN RECREATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY APR 11-14, 1999 CL BOLTON LANDING, NY SP Mansfield Univ, Michigan State Univ, Penn State Univ, Sunny Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Massachusetts, Univ New Hampshire, Univ Vermont, USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Western Illinois Univ, Westfield State Coll, W Virginia Univ ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT AB Nonindustrial private forest-land owners exhibit attitudes and motivations that favor nontimber benefits and an ecosystem-based approach to forest-land management. However, market failures associated with the public or nonpriced nature of many forest benefits inhibit the markets' ability to allocate resources efficiently. Public ownership, easement purchase, taxation. subsidy, regulation, and "green certification" are explored as potential remedies to meeting goals related to recreation and other nontimber benefits. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA PY 1999 BP 215 EP 218 PG 4 WC Environmental Studies; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Sociology GA BQ19H UT WOS:000087441300035 ER PT B AU More, TA Kuentzel, WF AF More, TA Kuentzel, WF BE Kyle, G TI Five reasons to have reservations about benefits-based management SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 NORTHEASTERN RECREATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY APR 11-14, 1999 CL BOLTON LANDING, NY SP Mansfield Univ, Michigan State Univ, Penn State Univ, Sunny Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Massachusetts, Univ New Hampshire, Univ Vermont, USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Western Illinois Univ, Westfield State Coll, W Virginia Univ AB Benefits-based management has become a dominant framework among recreation managers at the municipal, stare, and federal levels. Yet, researchers have expressed growing doubts about the conceptual, methodological, and policy ramifications of this "good news" approach to leisure behavior. Specifically. we are troubled by: (1) the "all-inclusive" conceptualization of the benefit construct, (2) its "rational actor" theoretical foundation, (3) its inherent contextuality that is often ignored by practitioners and researchers, and (4) a methodology that attempts to identify specific benefits with certain activities and/or settings. This paper explores conceptual, theoretical, and methodological limitations of the benefits construct, and suggests potential management alternatives. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA PY 1999 BP 295 EP 303 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Sociology GA BQ19H UT WOS:000087441300047 ER PT B AU More, TA AF More, TA BE Kyle, G TI Reconceiving recreation policy in an era of growing social inequality SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 NORTHEASTERN RECREATION RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium CY APR 11-14, 1999 CL BOLTON LANDING, NY SP Mansfield Univ, Michigan State Univ, Penn State Univ, Sunny Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Massachusetts, Univ New Hampshire, Univ Vermont, USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Western Illinois Univ, Westfield State Coll, W Virginia Univ AB Economic inequality has grown rapidly in the United States over the past quarter century. An estimated 85% of the country's wealth is now controlled by only 10 percent of the population. This has led to an increasing emphasis on the production of private, luxury goods at the expense of public goods. Many of the planning and management concepts used in recreation today can be linked to this lack of public-sector funding, and thus influence the way we conceive and attempt to resolve problems in the held. At the same time, growing social inequality may create opportunities for alert private-sector producers and may highlight the benefits of public/private partnerships. In the public sector, the inequality implies the need to rethink our vision, mission, and guiding principles. Our professional forebears believed in the ability of recreation resources to play a positive role in people's lives. Their vision continues to offer guidance and purpose as we enter the 21st century. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA PY 1999 BP 415 EP 419 PG 5 WC Environmental Studies; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Sociology GA BQ19H UT WOS:000087441300066 ER PT S AU Canel, C AF Canel, C BE Caffini, N Bernath, J Craker, L Jatisatienr, A Gilberti, G TI From genes to phytochemicals: The genomics approach to the characterization and utilization of plant secondary metabolism SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND WORLD CONGRESS ON MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS (WOCMAP-2): BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES, SUSTAINABLE USE CONSERVATION AND ETHNOBOTANY SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for Human Welfare (WOCMAP-2) CY NOV 10-15, 1997 CL MENDOZA, ARGENTINA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Soc Argentina Invest Prod Aromat, IUBS, Int Council Med & Aromat Plants DE DNA microarrays; indole alkaloids; isoprenoids; lignans ID CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; STRICTOSIDINE SYNTHASE; SESQUITERPENE CYCLASE; RAUVOLFIA-SERPENTINA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA CHIPS; EXPRESSION; ELICITOR; CLONING; TOBACCO AB The application of molecular genetics to the study of plant secondary metabolic pathways has greatly enhanced our knowledge of the elements and mechanisms responsible for the biosynthesis of medicinally and economically important phytochemicals. Numerous plant genes encoding enzymes of secondary metabolism have been identified following the purification of the corresponding enzymes. Although highly successful, these efforts have suffered from the difficulties associated with developing convenient enzyme assays and protein purification protocols, as well as from the limitations of the techniques available for monitoring gene expression. The increasing use of automated DNA sequencers has resulted in the elucidation of large numbers of nucleotide sequences, the majority of which have no known function. New technologies are being developed, which make it possible to study the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously. DNA microarrays offer the possibility of correlating the expression of a large number of genes with the secondary-metabolite content of plant tissues. By thus analyzing the phenotypic consequences of gene expression, genes and regulatory mechanisms that affect the production of phytochemicals can be identified. C1 Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, NPURU, Natl Ctr Dev Nat Prod, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Canel, C (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, NPURU, Natl Ctr Dev Nat Prod, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-991-5 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1999 IS 500 BP 51 EP 57 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BP04L UT WOS:000084109200005 ER PT S AU van der Zwet, T Bonn, WG AF van der Zwet, T Bonn, WG BE Momol, MT Saygili, H TI Recent spread and current worldwide distribution of fire blight. SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FIRE BLIGHT SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Fire Blight CY OCT 12-15, 1998 CL KUSADASI, TURKEY SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Commiss Plant Protect Working Grp Fire Blight C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP van der Zwet, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-921-4 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1999 VL 489 BP 167 EP 168 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BN95C UT WOS:000083637200024 ER PT S AU Lightner, GW van der Zwet, T Steiner, PW AF Lightner, GW van der Zwet, T Steiner, PW BE Momol, MT Saygili, H TI Fifteen year summary of the efficacy of the MARYBLYT prediction system on apple in West Virginia (1984-1998) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FIRE BLIGHT SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Fire Blight CY OCT 12-15, 1998 CL KUSADASI, TURKEY SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Commiss Plant Protect Working Grp Fire Blight C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Lightner, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-921-4 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1999 VL 489 BP 445 EP 447 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BN95C UT WOS:000083637200075 ER PT S AU van der Zwet, T Miller, SS Lightner, GW AF van der Zwet, T Miller, SS Lightner, GW BE Momol, MT Saygili, H TI First recording of autumnal shoot plight on apple in West Virginia SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FIRE BLIGHT SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Fire Blight CY OCT 12-15, 1998 CL KUSADASI, TURKEY SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Commiss Plant Protect Working Grp Fire Blight DE Malus; Erwinia amylovora; shoot blight AB New shoot blight symptoms of fire blight were recorded for the first time during October on five apple cultivars in West Virginia. The three-year-old trees were grown on a Y trellis and were exposed to a Very wet growing season, with precipitation 70%: above normal. Succulent shoot growth continued throughout October and severe shoot blight was observed on all cultivars. The term "autumnal shoot blight" is proposed for this late season occurrence of file blight. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP van der Zwet, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-921-4 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1999 VL 489 BP 449 EP 452 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BN95C UT WOS:000083637200076 ER PT S AU Pusey, PL AF Pusey, PL BE Momol, MT Saygili, H TI Water relations and infection by Erwinia amylovora based on crab apple blossom model SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FIRE BLIGHT SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Fire Blight CY OCT 12-15, 1998 CL KUSADASI, TURKEY SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Commiss Plant Protect Working Grp Fire Blight ID FIRE BLIGHT AB The effect of water on the interaction between Erwinia amylovora and flower tissue or nectar was studied using crab apple as an experimental model. Detached flowers were maintained at 24 degrees C with the peduncle submerged in a sucrose solution. In one test, 0.1-0.2 mu l of inoculum suspension (10(7) CFU/ml) was applied to stigmas of flowers held in 10% sucrose. After 24 h at 85 % relative humidity (RH), stigmas were wetted with 15 mu l of water that flowed over the stigmas and into the floral cup (hypanthium). Flowers were held at 100% RH before drying and returning to 85% RH. After 1 week, only flowers subjected to wetting were diseased, and incidence was 90 to 100% regardless of whether drying occurred immediately or 48 h after wetting. In another experiment, 0.5 mu l of an inoculum suspension (10(8) CFU/ml) was added directly to the hypanthium and RH ranged from 40 to 100%. In a third test, RH was held at 85 or 100% and sucrose in flower-holding vials was varied from 0 to 25%. Interrelationships of nectar volume, nectar water potential, nectar sugar concentration and population size of E, amylovora were consistent with early reports. The study also established a relationship between water potential in blossoms and blossom infection caused by E. amylovora. A determination of the full relevancy of results with detached flowers will require further research involving intact plants. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Pusey, PL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-921-4 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1999 VL 489 BP 521 EP 524 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BN95C UT WOS:000083637200090 ER PT S AU Pusey, PL AF Pusey, PL BE Momol, MT Saygili, H TI Laboratory and field trials with selected microorganisms as biocontrol agents for fire blight SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FIRE BLIGHT SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Fire Blight CY OCT 12-15, 1998 CL KUSADASI, TURKEY SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Commiss Plant Protect Working Grp Fire Blight ID ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; ANTAGONISTIC BACTERIA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; PEAR BLOSSOMS; APPLE AB Epiphytic microorganisms from apple blossoms were assayed for potential as fire blight biocontrol agents using detached crab apple blossoms. Initial tests were based on the ability of organisms to reduce the population size of Erwinia amylovora on flower stigmas. To compare strains tested on different dates, the ratio of the population size of E. amylovora on treated flowers to that on control flowers was calculated Ratios for strains of Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas spp., and Bacillus spp. were as low as 0.0002, 0.002 and 0.03, respectively. Some strains were also assayed by subjecting stigma-treated flowers to a 24-hr wetting period and later evaluating flowers for disease severity. This involved less technical input, but required more flowers to obtain reliable results and more overall time than that of the population-based assay. The latter method was recently modified by using a bioluminescent strain of E. amylovora and estimating population size with a Luminometer. This approach was successfully demonstrated and eliminated the need for dilution plating and colony counting. Field trials were conducted with 'Jonagold' apple in 1997 and with 'Gala' apple in 1998. Tests were performed using plastic enclosures around single trees to elevate day-time temperatures and prevent bees from transferring biocontrol agents between blossoms. Also, trees were subjected to artificial wetting. In these trials, Pantoea agglomerans strain E325 was more effective (P less than or equal to 0.05) than standard biocontrol agents in reducing disease incidence. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Pusey, PL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-921-4 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1999 VL 489 BP 655 EP 661 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BN95C UT WOS:000083637200117 ER PT B AU Ross, RJ Willits, SW von Segen, W Balck, T Brashaw, BK Pellerin, RF AF Ross, RJ Willits, SW von Segen, W Balck, T Brashaw, BK Pellerin, RF GP FPS FPS TI A stress-wave-based approach to nondestructive evaluation of logs for assessing potential veneer quality using small-diameter ponderosa pine SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF WOOD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing of Wood CY SEP 09-11, 1998 CL MADISON, WI SP Washington St Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Wood Mat & Engn Lab, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, USDA Forest Prod Lab ID BIOLOGICALLY DEGRADED WOOD AB Longitudinal stress-wave nondestructive evaluation techniques have been used in a variety of applications in the forest products industry. Recently it has been shown that they can significantly aid in the assessment of log quality, particularly when used to predict performance of structural lumber obtained from a log. The purpose of the research described in this report was to investigate the use of stress-wave-based techniques for assessing the potential quality of veneer obtained from logs. Several ponderosa pine logs were nondestructively evaluated using longitudinal stress-wave techniques. They were then rotary peeled, and the resulting veneer dried and ultrasonically graded using commercially available grading equipment. The quality of the veneer, as determined by ultrasonic grading, was then compared with the nondestructive measurements of the logs from which they came. A strong relationship was found to exist between log and veneer nondestructive assessments. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Ross, RJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705 USA PY 1999 BP 123 EP 126 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BQ09N UT WOS:000087168800015 ER PT B AU Ross, RJ Soltis, LA Otton, P AF Ross, RJ Soltis, LA Otton, P GP FPS FPS TI Role of nondestructive evaluation in the inspection and repair of the USS Constitution SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF WOOD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing of Wood CY SEP 09-11, 1998 CL MADISON, WI SP Washington St Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Wood Mat & Engn Lab, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, USDA Forest Prod Lab ID STRESS AB The USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, contributed to the development of an inspection methodology to evaluate the condition of fasteners and the general condition of the wood on the oldest floating commissioned ship in the U.S. Navy. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Ross, RJ (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705 USA PY 1999 BP 145 EP 152 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BQ09N UT WOS:000087168800019 ER PT B AU Green, DW Evans, JW Logan, JD Allen, J AF Green, DW Evans, JW Logan, JD Allen, J GP FPS FPS TI Temperature corrections for mechanically graded lumber SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF WOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing of Wood CY SEP 09-11, 1998 CL MADISON, WI SP Washington St Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Wood Mat & Engn Lab, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, USDA Forest Prod Lab C1 USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705 USA PY 1999 BP 213 EP 214 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BQ09N UT WOS:000087168800033 ER PT J AU Jensen, AS Stoetzel, MB AF Jensen, AS Stoetzel, MB TI An examination of the north American aphid species currently placed in Ovatus van der goot (Hemiptera : Aphididae) with the description of a new genus SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE polyphagy; Myzus; Ovatus; new genus; cladistics AB The current placement in Ovatus of four endemic North American aphid species is critically examined. Results of cladistic analyses clearly indicate that these four species are not congeneric with Palearctic Ovatus and that they are more closely related to Myzus Passerini. Cladistic evidence is provided to justify the erection of a new genus, Abstrusomyzus n. gen., for the four endemic North American species formerly placed in Ovatus. This resulted in four new combinations: Abstrusomyzus leucocrini (Gillette & Palmer) n. comb., Abstrusomyzus phloxae (Sampson) n. comb., Abstrusomyzus reticulatus (Heie) n. comb., and Abstrusomyzus valuliae (Robinson) n. comb. Information on each of the four species is compiled and presented. Illustrations are provided, along with a key to the species of the new genus and notes on the single remaining species of Ovatus in North America, Ovatus crataegarius (Walker). C1 USDA ARS, BARC W, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jensen, AS (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC W, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Bldg 046, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 101 IS 1 BP 39 EP 56 PG 18 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 163FF UT WOS:000078392700003 ER PT J AU Gagne, RJ Doane, JF AF Gagne, RJ Doane, JF TI The larval instars of the wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Gehin) (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE wheat midge; Sitodiplosis; larva AB The wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Gehin), is shown to have three larval instars. Each instar is described and illustrated, the initial instar for the first time. An alleged synonym of the wheat midge, Cecidomyia amyotii Fitch, is removed from synonymy with the wheat midge and considered a dubious name. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Gagne, RJ (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS, PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, MRC 168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 101 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 163FF UT WOS:000078392700004 ER PT J AU Batra, SWT AF Batra, SWT TI Biology of Andrena (Scrapteropsis) fenningeri Viereck (Hymenoptera : Andrenidae), harbinger of spring SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE bees; nests; thermoregulation; phenology; fruit pollination; Eustalomyia; conopids; Acer ID SOLITARY BEE; GLAND SECRETIONS; BIONOMICS AB Andrena fenningeri Viereck is the first native bee species to fly each spring at Beltsville, MD; males appear as early as February 9, sometimes before their floral hosts begin to bloom. A permanent aggregation of nests in red clay was studied for 10 years. These univoltine, solitary bees break diapause and move at 4 degrees C from their natal cells toward the soil surface in midwinter, ready to emerge and mate as soon as the topmost soil warms. They thermoregulate by aggregating their nests in the warmest available microclimate, and by basking on cold, sunny days to achieve the minimum 11 degrees C required for flight. The most important host is Acer rubrum; Prunus, Pyrus, and Salix are also visited. Male swarming behavior, phenology, nest structure, and associates (including 5 Nomada spp., Myopa sp., and the behavior of 3 unusual species of Eustalomyia [Anthomyiidae]) are discussed. This bee may be manageable as an orchard pollinator, if suitable microhabitat and supplemental hosts are provided. C1 USDA ARS, BARC E, Bee Res Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Batra, SWT (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC E, Bee Res Lab, PSI, Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 101 IS 1 BP 106 EP 122 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 163FF UT WOS:000078392700011 ER PT J AU Miller, DR Gimpel, ME AF Miller, DR Gimpel, ME TI New combinations, new synonymy, and hymonomy in the Eriococcidae, new homonomy and synonymy in the Cerococcidae, and transfer of Cancerococcus Koteja to the Margarodidae (Hemiptera : Coccoidea) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE felt scales; Coccoidea; Eriococcidae; Cerococcidae; Margarodidae; ScaleNet; catalog; new combinations; Internet ID ACANTHOCOCCUS HOMOPTERA; SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS AB A database and catalog of the eriococcid and cerococcid scale insects of the world is nearly complete and soon will be in press and placed on the World Wide Web. Before this is done, new combinations and other taxonomic changes need to be validated in print. This publication includes Neokaweckin Tang and Hao as a new synonym of Eriococcus, proposal of Neotrichococcus as a new name for Trichococcus Borchsenius, and new combinations in the family Eriococcidae; a new homonym and synonym in the Cerococcidae; and transfer of Cancerococcus from Eriococcidae to Margarodidae. C1 USDA ARS, BARC W, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Miller, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC W, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, Bldg 046, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 101 IS 1 BP 212 EP 218 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 163FF UT WOS:000078392700020 ER PT B AU Loeb, SC Chapman, GL Ridley, TR AF Loeb, SC Chapman, GL Ridley, TR BE Eversole, AG TI Sampling small mammals in southeastern forests: The importance of trapping in trees SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-THIRD ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Conference of the Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY NOV 06-10, 1999 CL GREENSBORO, NC SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies ID SOUTHERN FLYING SQUIRRELS; GLAUCOMYS-VOLANS; FLUCTUATIONS; COMMUNITIES; POPULATION; PITFALL; MAST AB Because estimates of small mammal species richness and diversity are strongly influenced by sampling methodology. 3 or more trap types are often used in studies of small mammal communities. However, in most casts, all traps are placed at ground level. In contrast, we used Sherman live traps placed at 1.5 m in trees in addition to Sherman live traps and Mosby box traps placed on the ground to sample small mammals in pine stands in the Upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina. To determine the importance of placing traps in trees, we compared estimates of small mammal (primarily rodent) species richness and diversity based on data from all traps (ground and tree) with estimates based on data from ground traps only. Estimates of species richness based on data from ground traps only did not differ from estimates based on data from all traps. However. 3 other diversity indices (Simpson Index. Shannon-Wiener Index. Shannon Evenness Index, and Brillouin Index) based on data from both tree and ground traps were significantly greater than indices based on data from ground traps only. The increase in the diversity estimates when data from all traps were used was primarily due to the large number of southern flying squirrels (Glaucomys volans) captured in tree traps. When data from ground traps only were considered, the community was highly dominated by cotton mice (Peromyscus gossypinus), but, when data from all traps were considered. cotton mice and southern flying squirrels were co-dominant (567 and 580 individuals. respectively). Our data suggest that studies of Forest small mammal communities which do not include tree traps are biased because one of the most common and potentially important species. the southern flying squirrel. is highly under-represented. We recommend that future studies of forest mammal communities. particularly those designed to test the effects of forest management practices on small mammal communities, include arboreal traps. C1 Clemson Univ, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Loeb, SC (reprint author), Clemson Univ, US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI TALLAHASSEE PA 8005 FRESHWATER FARMS RD, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32308 USA PY 1999 BP 415 EP 424 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Forestry; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Fisheries; Forestry; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BS39F UT WOS:000169733700042 ER PT B AU Morton, TW Buchleiter, GW Heermann, DF AF Morton, TW Buchleiter, GW Heermann, DF BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Quantifying the effects of water availability on corn yield under a center-pivot irrigation system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Precision Agriculture CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Precis Agr Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil, Water & Climate, Univ Minnesota, Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Soc Engn Agr, Food & Biol Sys, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing ID SOILS AB Although irrigation is intended to eliminate water deficiencies that reduce crop yield, nonuniform water application and variability in soil texture can cause significant variations in the water available to plants. A method is presented for comparing spatially variable water availability to corn yield across two fields in northeastern Colorado. Soil water balances at numerous points in these fields were used to estimate the spatial variability of water availability. The inputs to and outputs from the water balance were determined using calibrated computer simulation models, and yield data were gathered using commercially available yield monitoring and GPS equipment. A multiple linear regression analysis compared yield to predicted cumulative ET, cumulative deep percolation, and relative cumulative water deficit. All three variables were found to be reasonably correlated with corn yield (R-2, 0.90, 0.72, and 0.89, respectively), cumulative deep percolation being the least significant of the three. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Morton, TW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA BN 0-89118-140-7 PY 1999 BP 31 EP 41 PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BQ79A UT WOS:000089526200003 ER PT B AU Olness, A Rinke, J Voorhees, WB Nelsen, T AF Olness, A Rinke, J Voorhees, WB Nelsen, T BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Plant response to complex interactions: Soil test for P and V interactions with soybean SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Precision Agriculture CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Precis Agr Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil, Water & Climate, Univ Minnesota, Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Soc Engn Agr, Food & Biol Sys, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing ID AZOTOBACTER-CHROOCOCCUM; VANADATE; VANADIUM; NITROGENASE; MEMBRANES AB To benefit from differences between soils, two things must be done: (1) testing methods must describe differences between soils and (2) plant varieties-hybrids must be developed that respond to the differences.. To demonstrate the effectiveness of resin extraction to satisfy (1) we used a 3.3 ha field containing five different soil mapping units to grow commercial varieties of soybean. The field was divided into three plots, which were subdivided into 360 subplots. Soil samples were extracted with anion- and cation-exchange resins and the extracts were analyzed using ICP methods. Extracted chemical composition for each soil was distinguishable from that of adjacent soils. Seed yield was negatively correlated with the resin extraction molar ratio of V:(V+P). The correlation varied with variety and strongly supports the concept of development of genotypes, which respond to the suite of soil chemical characteristics. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Olness, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA BN 0-89118-140-7 PY 1999 BP 67 EP 78 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BQ79A UT WOS:000089526200006 ER PT B AU Karlen, DL Andrews, SS Colvin, TS Jaynes, DB Berry, EC AF Karlen, DL Andrews, SS Colvin, TS Jaynes, DB Berry, EC BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Spatial and temporal variability in corn growth, development, insect pressure, and yield SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Precision Agriculture CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Precis Agr Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil, Water & Climate, Univ Minnesota, Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Soc Engn Agr, Food & Biol Sys, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing AB To identify critical site-specific factors affecting crop production within a 16 ha central Iowa field, we quantified the spatial and temporal variability in corn (Zea mays L.) emergence and growth, insect pressure and damage, extractable soil nutrient levels, yield, and yield components. Principal components, simple correlation, and stepwise regression analyses were used to examine relationships among the various parameters. Spatial soil-test patterns were examined by overlaying data layers with a geographical information system. Analysis of data from 40 microplots showed that soil water content 10-d after planting, total organic C, and total organic N accounted for 21% of the variance. Data from individual plants within each microplot showed that early emergence and total soil N content accounted for 23% of the variance. Soil acidity may be a factor that can be corrected by site specific management, but water management and erosion control appear more important than variable fertilization. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Karlen, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA BN 0-89118-140-7 PY 1999 BP 101 EP 112 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BQ79A UT WOS:000089526200009 ER PT B AU Timlin, DJ Pachepsky, YA Snyder, VA Bryant, RB AF Timlin, DJ Pachepsky, YA Snyder, VA Bryant, RB BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Soil surface curvature and the spatial and temporal variability of corn grain yields on a hillslope SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Precision Agriculture CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Precis Agr Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil, Water & Climate, Univ Minnesota, Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Soc Engn Agr, Food & Biol Sys, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing ID CORNFIELD; WATER AB The purpose of this study was to relate the temporal and spatial variability of corn grain yield on a typic Fragiochrept soil on a hill slope to soil properties and topographic features. Corn (Zea Mays L.) grain yields were sampled during 3 growing seasons from a field that measured 280 * 150 m using a 14 column by 10 row grid and 5 transects. One hundred forty yield measurements were taken on the grid (1983-1985) and 190 measurements on the transects (1984 and 1985) from plots 5.3 m long and 2 corn rows wide. Measurements of soil surface elevation were also taken at the grid plot locations. Spectral analysis of the spatial transect data was used to evaluate relationships between the variation of surface curvature and yield as a function of sampling frequency. Yield spatial and temporal variability was strongly related to surface undulations and the value of surface curvature was found to be a useful parameter to quantify variations in topography. Yields in 1983 and 1985, when the weather was relatively dry, were significantly higher in locations with concave topography. The year-to-year differences in weather had the largest effect on yield at locations where the magnitude of curvature was large. Where the magnitude of curvature was small, the correlations of yield for the wet (1984) and dry ( 1985) years were highly significant. Yields in the relatively dry years (1983 and 1985) correlated with depth to fragipan, Elevation data helped us interpret the spatial and temporal variability of yield by separation of areas with convex curvature from areas with concave curvature and by providing a measure of the degree of curvature. C1 USDA ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Timlin, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Remote Sensing & Modeling Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA BN 0-89118-140-7 PY 1999 BP 203 EP 214 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BQ79A UT WOS:000089526200018 ER PT B AU Smith, RE Buchleiter, GW AF Smith, RE Buchleiter, GW BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Variability scales of surface soil sorptivity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Precision Agriculture CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Precis Agr Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil, Water & Climate, Univ Minnesota, Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Soc Engn Agr, Food & Biol Sys, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing ID FIELD AB Surface soil sorptivity is a hydraulic property of soils that reflects the rate that water can enter a soil in the early period of wetting. Ln order to characterize the variation of this property across a range of sample scales, a method was developed to measure this parameter very quickly. Surface sorptivity was measured at several hundred points on two fields that are the subject of an intensive multi-disciplinary precision agriculture experiment in eastern Colorado. The sampling scheme included inter-sample distances of 1.5 to 80 m covering the entire field at the larger scale. The results demonstrate that this soil variable is dominated by small scale random variations. This implies, among other things, that sampling across the field to obtain a soil map may contain little more information than the same number of samples taken in one local area. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Smith, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA BN 0-89118-140-7 PY 1999 BP 215 EP 223 PG 9 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BQ79A UT WOS:000089526200019 ER PT B AU Dulaney, WP Gish, TJ Daughtry, CST Doolittle, JA Miller, PT Kung, KJS AF Dulaney, WP Gish, TJ Daughtry, CST Doolittle, JA Miller, PT Kung, KJS BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Determination of subsurface flow characteristics for the installation of groundwater samplers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Precision Agriculture CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Precis Agr Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil, Water & Climate, Univ Minnesota, Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Soc Engn Agr, Food & Biol Sys, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing ID SANDY VADOSE ZONE; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; PENETRATING RADAR; LAYERED SOILS; WATER; TRANSPORT; ROOTS AB It is generally asserted that the adoption of site-specific production techniques benefits soil and water quality while increasing or maintaining farm profitability. To evaluate this assumption, a 30 ha research site located in Beltsville, Maryland, has been characterized and instrumented to determine field-scale fluxes of agricultural chemicals from four 4 ha watersheds each managed under different production practices. EM-38 data was linked to the gee-statistical analysis of >40 km of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data to produce contour maps showing the extent, orientation, and depth of subsurface layers governing groundwater movement as well as their spatial correlation. These maps were used to identify optimal sites for the installation of various hydrologic instruments, including 256 real-time soil moisture sensors. Soil moisture data confirmed the usefulness of GPR profile images to locate buried lenses and identify subsurface convergent flow pathways. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dulaney, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA BN 0-89118-140-7 PY 1999 BP 383 EP 393 PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BQ79A UT WOS:000089526200034 ER PT B AU Sinclair, HR Waltman, WJ Waltman, SW Aiken, RM Anderson, RL AF Sinclair, HR Waltman, WJ Waltman, SW Aiken, RM Anderson, RL BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI A method for evaluating inherent soil quality for crops across major land resource areas SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Precision Agriculture CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Precis Agr Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil, Water & Climate, Univ Minnesota, Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Soc Engn Agr, Food & Biol Sys, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing AB Advances in soil and climate data bases coupled with GIS modeling provide new approaches to achieve the historic mission of Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) - to provide producers with science-based knowledge of soil properties and the agronomic behavior of soil landscapes to sustain productivity. We combined the soil rating for plant growth (SRPG) and root zone available water-holding capacity for digital general soil map units with USGS (1986) Land Use and Land Cover maps of the Central Great Plains (CGP) to display croplands with similar agronomic behavior and soil productivity. The SRPG values ranged from 7 to 92 for CGP croplands, with a median value of 52. The SRPG values exceeded 60 for 25% of the 10.2 million hectares of CGP cropland; 21% of CGP cropland had SRPG values <40. Root zone available water-holding capacity exceeds 200 mm for more than 6.3 million hectares of CGP cropland. C1 USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Sinclair, HR (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA BN 0-89118-140-7 PY 1999 BP 429 EP 440 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BQ79A UT WOS:000089526200038 ER PT B AU Logsdon, S Pruger, J Meek, D Colvin, T James, D Milner, M AF Logsdon, S Pruger, J Meek, D Colvin, T James, D Milner, M BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Crop yield variability as influenced by water in rain-fed agriculture SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Precision Agriculture CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Precis Agr Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil, Water & Climate, Univ Minnesota, Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Soc Engn Agr, Food & Biol Sys, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing ID SOIL-WATER; TERRAIN ANALYSIS AB Crop yield can be reduced due to a high water table in closed depressions or to inadequate water on summit and backslope positions during dry periods. When rooting depth is not limited, relatively high water tables supply extra water to crops. The objectives of this study were to develop relationships between terrain parameters and aeration stress or soil water storage; and to determine the effect of aeration stress or soil water storage on yield of corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine mm (L.) Merr.]. Yield was measured in six or seven transects for each crop, divided into 25 sections each 20 m long. Predicted available soil water storage was slightly less than that measured at a midslope site, partly because predicted evaporation was slightly higher than measured. In a wet year predicted aeration stress correlated with corn yields but not soybean yields. In a drier year soil water storage correlated with both corn and soybean yields. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Logsdon, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA BN 0-89118-140-7 PY 1999 BP 453 EP 465 PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BQ79A UT WOS:000089526200040 ER PT B AU Wiles, LJ Schweizer, EE AF Wiles, LJ Schweizer, EE BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Mapping weed populations: The cost of counting and identifying seedlings and seeds SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Precision Agriculture CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Precis Agr Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil, Water & Climate, Univ Minnesota, Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Soc Engn Agr, Food & Biol Sys, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SOIL; FIELD; MAPS; CORN AB Weeds have patchy distributions within fields. This suggests site-specific weed management could be valuable and, in fact, herbicide use had been reduced 40 to 60% in trials of this management strategy; however, there have been few cost-benefit analyses of site-specific weed management. Our goal was to quantify the cost of identifying and counting weed seeds and seedlings to create seed bank and seedling maps for site-specific weed management. We sampled 1225 or more sites in eight commercial corn fields. Soil was collected just after planting and seeds were extracted by elutriation. Seedlings were sampled in 152 cm of crop row at the time for a postemergence decision. A model for describing the time required to count and identify weed seedlings was a log-linear form with time as a function of the number of seedlings and the number of species and, for seeds, a log-linear form with time as a function of the number of seeds and percentage of sand in the soil. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Wiles, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA BN 0-89118-140-7 PY 1999 BP 499 EP 510 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BQ79A UT WOS:000089526200044 ER PT B AU Ellsbury, MM Woodson, WD Malo, DD Clay, DE Carlson, CG Clay, SA AF Ellsbury, MM Woodson, WD Malo, DD Clay, DE Carlson, CG Clay, SA BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Spatial variability in corn rootworm distribution in relation to spatially variable soil factors and crop condition SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Precision Agriculture CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Precis Agr Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil, Water & Climate, Univ Minnesota, Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Soc Engn Agr, Food & Biol Sys, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing ID DIABROTICA-BARBERI COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; EMERGENCE AB Numbers of surviving adults emerging from the soil and egg populations of corn (Zea mays L.) rootworms in the soil are known to have variable spatial distributions. Studies have been conducted to examine spatial correlations between com rootworm populations, root injury, crop canopy condition, and observable soil properties, including apparent electromagnetic conductivity, pH, topography, and soil type. Interactions among these factors may exist that mediate year-to-year spatial variation in rootworm populations. Prediction of economic corn rootworm infestation usually depends on the assessment of late summer or fall ovipositing adult populations, rather than actual knowledge of oviposition distribution or within-field distribution of successfully overwintering eggs at the start of the growing season. Management of corn rootworms probably could be improved through better understanding of how spatially variable crop and edaphic factors influence spatial variability of infestations. C1 USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD USA. RP Ellsbury, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA BN 0-89118-140-7 PY 1999 BP 523 EP 533 PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BQ79A UT WOS:000089526200046 ER PT B AU Bosch, DD Davis, FM AF Bosch, DD Davis, FM BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Rainfall variability and spatial patterns for the southeast SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Precision Agriculture CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Precis Agr Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil, Water & Climate, Univ Minnesota, Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Soc Engn Agr, Food & Biol Sys, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing AB The southeastern region of the USA holds significant agricultural and hydrologic importance. Rainfall patterns, although highly variable from year to year, show rainfall to be greatest in the midsummer months with high intensity, convective thunderstorms. Thirty years of rainfall data from the Little River Watershed near Tifton, GA, have been analyzed. The summer storms were found to be more intense, shorter, yield less volume, and occur more frequently. For summer storms, gages separated by 1.9 km or less are likely to be highly correlated (R greater than or equal to 0.9) while this increases to 9.2 km for the winter. The seasonal data provided here will be useful in planning planting times and agrichemical management. This analysis indicates that extrapolation of precipitation data collected at off-site locations will have little utility for prediction or modeling purposes unless the off-site gage is located closer than 2 km to the site of interest. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Bosch, DD (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA BN 0-89118-140-7 PY 1999 BP 535 EP 546 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BQ79A UT WOS:000089526200047 ER PT B AU Yang, C Anderson, GL King, JH Chandler, EK AF Yang, C Anderson, GL King, JH Chandler, EK BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Comparison of uniform and variable rate fertilization strategies using grid soil sampling, variable rate technology, and yield monitoring SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Precision Agriculture CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Precis Agr Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil, Water & Climate, Univ Minnesota, Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Soc Engn Agr, Food & Biol Sys, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing AB This study examined grain sorghum yield differences resulting from three fertility treatments: conventional uniform N; uniform N and P; and variable rate N and P. Field experiments were conducted on three grain sorghum fields of approximately 14 ha each in the 1997 growing season. Thirty-six soil samples were taken in a staggered systematic grid from each field and levels of major soil nutrients were determined. Application rate maps for two fertilizers were determined based on a fixed expected yield and the existing soil N and P levels. The three treatments were assigned in six blocks across the three fields in a randomized complete block design. A variable rate applicator, capable of varying two liquid fertilizers, was assembled and used to apply the predetermined uniform and variable rates within each treatment. A yield monitor was used to measure grain yields for each of the 18 experimental plots. Excessive early season rainfall caused substantial crop damages and stands loss. The reduced plant density combined with higher than normal moisture level resulted in severe weed infestations across all the three fields, which reduced grain yields and adversely affected the results of this experiment. Nevertheless, the variable rate treatment had higher average yield at the 0.10 significance level than the two uniform treatments, while no yield difference was detected between the two uniform treatments. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Yang, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA BN 0-89118-140-7 PY 1999 BP 675 EP 686 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BQ79A UT WOS:000089526200059 ER PT B AU Sudduth, KA Kitchen, NR Drummond, ST AF Sudduth, KA Kitchen, NR Drummond, ST BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Soil conductivity sensing on claypan soils: Comparison of electromagnetic induction and direct methods SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Precision Agriculture CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Precis Agr Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil, Water & Climate, Univ Minnesota, Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Soc Engn Agr, Food & Biol Sys, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing AB Soil electrical conductivity (EC) sensing provides a means for rapidly mapping variations in soil properties such as salinity, moisture, and clay content. On claypan soils, EC measurements are related to topsoil depth above the claypan horizon, an important factor in spatial crop productivity differences on these soils. Soil EC data obtained with a noncontact sensor based on electromagnetic induction principles were compared with data from a direct contact, coulter-based sensor. Differences in EC readings were attributed to differences in sensing depth between the sensors and operating modes. The electromagnetic induction sensor generally provided better estimates of topsoil depth and correlations to crop productivity over the full range of topsoil depths encountered (up to 150 cm). The coulter-based sensor, however, performed well at shallower topsoil depths (up to 90 cm), and also would be useful for investigating soil differences in precision agriculture practice. C1 USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. RP Sudduth, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA BN 0-89118-140-7 PY 1999 BP 979 EP 990 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BQ79A UT WOS:000089526200088 ER PT B AU Jordan, RW Duke, HR Heermann, DF AF Jordan, RW Duke, HR Heermann, DF BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Spatial variability of water application irrigation and precipitation from center pivot SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Precision Agriculture CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Precis Agr Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil, Water & Climate, Univ Minnesota, Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Soc Engn Agr, Food & Biol Sys, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing AB The water application patterns of two center pivot irrigation systems in eastern Colorado were simulated over their entire area of operation and mapped for the 1997 growing season, using GIS, as part of a multidisciplinary precision fanning project. The system performance was evaluated over the entire field including locations when the operating characteristics were altered due to end gun operation and topography. Precipitation was measured at the center and around the perimeter of each field. Precipitation surfaces were created using four different interpolation methods and combined with the irrigation application depths to calculate a total water application uniformity coefficient. System mean application depth and uniformity coefficient varied with the topography and end gun settings. Total water application uniformity increased with the addition of the precipitation values and was insensitive to the interpolation method used. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Jordan, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA BN 0-89118-140-7 PY 1999 BP 1001 EP 1010 PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BQ79A UT WOS:000089526200090 ER PT B AU Colvin, TS Kerkman, EW AF Colvin, TS Kerkman, EW BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Precision agriculture requires precise tuning SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Precision Agriculture CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Precis Agr Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil, Water & Climate, Univ Minnesota, Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Soc Engn Agr, Food & Biol Sys, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing AB In the rush to adopt the new technology that many people assume is the essence of precision agriculture, we often overlook the simple requirements of good system management. We have measured the poor distribution of ammonia across application tool bars. We have seen the results of using planters without checking calibration. Lawsuits can be based on sprayer drift or poor technique in loading or operating. The goal of this pager is to remind all of us of the importance of every step in the management of crops. Checking, calibration, understanding instructions (in other words basic good technique) are necessary to achieve the benefits that should be available through the use of precision agriculture. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Colvin, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA BN 0-89118-140-7 PY 1999 BP 1083 EP 1087 PG 5 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BQ79A UT WOS:000089526200098 ER PT B AU Fraisse, CW Sudduth, KA Kitchen, NR AF Fraisse, CW Sudduth, KA Kitchen, NR BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Evaluation of crop models to simulate site-specific crop development and yield SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Precision Agriculture CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Precis Agr Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil, Water & Climate, Univ Minnesota, Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Soc Engn Agr, Food & Biol Sys, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing AB Crop simulation models have been used historically to predict average field crop development and yield under alternative management and weather scenarios. The objective of this paper was to evaluate and test a new version of the CERES-Maize model that was modified to improve the simulation of site-specific crop development and yield. Seven sites within a field located in central Missouri were selected based on landscape position, elevation, depth to the claypan horizon, and past yield history. Detailed monitoring of crop development and soil moisture during the 1997 season provided data for calibration and evaluation of the model performance at each site. Mid-season water stress caused a large variation in measured yield with values ranging from 3.0 Mg ha(-1) in the eroded side-slope areas to 11.7 Mg ha(-1) in the deeper soils located in the low areas of the field. The results obtained demonstrated that the modifications improved the ability of the model to simulate site-specific crop development. Areas of potential model improvement and further investigation were discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. RP Fraisse, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cropping Syst & Water Qual Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA BN 0-89118-140-7 PY 1999 BP 1297 EP 1308 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BQ79A UT WOS:000089526200119 ER PT B AU Anderson, RL Aiken, RM Sinclair, HR Waltman, SW Waltman, WJ AF Anderson, RL Aiken, RM Sinclair, HR Waltman, SW Waltman, WJ BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Identifying agroecozones in the central Great Plains SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Precision Agriculture CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Precis Agr Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil, Water & Climate, Univ Minnesota, Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Soc Engn Agr, Food & Biol Sys, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing AB Winter wheat-fallow is the conventional cropping system in the semiarid central Great Plains. Fallow weed control relies on tillage, but this practice leads to erosion and loss of organic matter. Cropping systems studies in this region, conducted since the early 1980s, are demonstrating that annualized yield can be doubled and soil quality improved with continuous no-till cropping. However, with only four research sites in the central Great Plains, producers question how far experimental results may apply across this region, given the extreme variation in soil properties and climatic characteristics. Therefore, we identified agroecozones of similar soil and climatic characteristics in relation to the four cropping systems sites. The winter wheat-fallow region can be divided into two agroecozones, with a zone of uncertainty identified. Within an agroecozone, soil differences may have a greater impact on land productivity than climatic factors. C1 USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Anderson, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA BN 0-89118-140-7 PY 1999 BP 1347 EP 1353 PG 7 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BQ79A UT WOS:000089526200123 ER PT B AU Delgado, JA AF Delgado, JA BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI NLEAP simulation of soil type effects on residual nitrate-nitrogen and potential use for precision agriculture SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Precision Agriculture CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Precis Agr Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil, Water & Climate, Univ Minnesota, Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Soc Engn Agr, Food & Biol Sys, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing ID NO-TILLAGE CORN; COVER AB Well water NO3--N concentrations in the central part of the San Luis Valley had been found as high as 72 mg NO3--N L-1. Precision management practices according to differences in soil type found under a center pivot irrigation sprinkler may have the potential to improve N-use efficiency. No Nitrogen Leaching Economic Analysis Package (NLEAP) model simulation of effects of different soil types and crops on residual soil NO3--N (RSN) has been conducted under a similar irrigation system. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), potato (Solanum tuberosum L), winter cover rye (Secale cereale L.), and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown on sandy loam and loamy sand areas of a center-pivot. A new NLEAP 1.2 version simulated soil type and crop effects on RSN (P < 0.001). NLEAP is a potential technology transfer tool that can be used to protect water quality by evaluating the effects of crops and soil types on RSN and can potentially be used with precision agriculture management practices. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA BN 0-89118-140-7 PY 1999 BP 1367 EP 1378 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BQ79A UT WOS:000089526200125 ER PT B AU Moran, MS Hymer, DC Qi, JG Kerr, Y AF Moran, MS Hymer, DC Qi, JG Kerr, Y BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Radar imagery for precision crop and soil management SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Precision Agriculture CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Precis Agr Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil, Water & Climate, Univ Minnesota, Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Soc Engn Agr, Food & Biol Sys, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; MICROWAVE AB Studies during the past 25 yrs have shown that measurements of surface reflectance and temperature (termed optical remote sensing) are useful for monitoring crop and soil conditions. Far less attention has been given to the use of radar imagery, even though Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems have the advantages of cloud penetration, all-weather coverage, high spatial resolution, day-night acquisitions, and signal independence of the solar illumination angle. In this study, we obtained coincident optical and SAR images of an agricultural area to investigate the use of SAR imagery for precision farm management. Results showed that SAR imagery was sensitive to variations in field tillage, surface soil moisture and vegetation density. The coincident optical images proved useful in interpretation of the response of SAR backscatter to soil and plant conditions. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Moran, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA BN 0-89118-140-7 PY 1999 BP 1423 EP 1434 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BQ79A UT WOS:000089526200129 ER PT B AU Hummel, JW Yu, J AF Hummel, JW Yu, J BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Spectral reflectance pattern recognition for segmenting corn plants and weeds SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Precision Agriculture CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Precis Agr Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil, Water & Climate, Univ Minnesota, Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Soc Engn Agr, Food & Biol Sys, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing AB Spectral reflectance sensors have been developed that can detect the presence of plant material against a background of bare soil. These systems are able to identify areas of weed infestation in fallow fields or in the area between the rows of a row crop and control the application of herbicides. In typical U.S. corn production, a number of options are available for controlling weeds in between the rows, e.g., broadcast herbicide application or mechanical cultivation. In-row weed control might be possible with nonselective herbicides if detected plant material areas can be segmented into crop and weed subsets. Accomplishing this task in real time would allow application of the herbicide to only the weeds, which could significantly reduce the amount of herbicide used. This study reports on the use of an industry-developed spectral reflectance sensor to identify and locate plant material and the experimental C-language software that was developed to segment the corn plants and weeds. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect Res Unit, Urbana, IL USA. RP Hummel, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect Res Unit, Urbana, IL USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA BN 0-89118-140-7 PY 1999 BP 1523 EP 1536 PG 14 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BQ79A UT WOS:000089526200139 ER PT B AU Watkins, KB Lu, YC Huang, WY AF Watkins, KB Lu, YC Huang, WY BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Economic returns and environmental impacts of variable rate nitrogen fertilizer and water applications SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Precision Agriculture CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Precis Agr Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil, Water & Climate, Univ Minnesota, Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Soc Engn Agr, Food & Biol Sys, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing AB Several studies have evaluated the profitability of variable rate application of one type of input, but few have investigated the profitability of variable rate application of two or more types of inputs. In addition, most studies ignore the impact of variable rate input application on the environment. This study evaluates the profitability and environmental outcomes associated with spatial variation of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation water in seed potato production. Seed potato yields and nitrogen losses are simulated for four different areas of a 63 ha field using the EPIC (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate) crop growth model. A dynamic optimization model is used to determine optimal levels of N fertilizer for each area of the field. Average nitrogen losses and economic returns are evaluated for both uniform and variable rate application of nitrogen and water. The results indicate greater economic and environmental benefits may be achieved from varying water application than from varying nitrogen application across the field. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Watkins, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA BN 0-89118-140-7 PY 1999 BP 1667 EP 1679 PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BQ79A UT WOS:000089526200151 ER PT B AU Sadler, J Millen, J Fussell, P Spencer, J Spencer, W AF Sadler, J Millen, J Fussell, P Spencer, J Spencer, W BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Yield mapping of on-farm cooperative fields in the Southeast Coastal Plain SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Precision Agriculture CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Precis Agr Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil, Water & Climate, Univ Minnesota, Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Soc Engn Agr, Food & Biol Sys, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing AB Long-term research in the SE Coastal Plain shows that soil variability is widespread. Areas of low-yielding soils within fields often significantly reduce yield below that expected for the typical soils within the field. Farmers, though qualitatively aware of both variability and its effect on yield, appear to perceive that purported economic and environmental benefits of variable-rate technology do not justify the initial cost. They need data on economic effects of field-scale variability to allow rational strategic decisions. A multi-agency project was funded to both document existing variability in on-farm yields and to communicate the significance of the problem. Yield monitors were installed on three combines in Duplin and Sampson Counties, NC. These monitors collected data during 1997, totaling 900 ha of wheat and 120 ha of rye, followed by approximately 1500 ha of corn and similar area of soybean. Preliminary data were processed in vendor's yield mapping software. For further analyses and presentation, they were aggregated into ARC/Info GIS. Dramatic variability was documented both within and among fields, operators, and soil types. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Slil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Sadler, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Slil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA BN 0-89118-140-7 PY 1999 BP 1767 EP 1776 PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BQ79A UT WOS:000089526200159 ER PT B AU Daberkow, SG McBride, WD AF Daberkow, SG McBride, WD BE Robert, PC Rust, RH Larson, WE TI Adoption of precision agriculture technologies by US corn producers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRECISION AGRICULTURE, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Precision Agriculture CY JUL 19-22, 1998 CL ST PAUL, MN SP Univ Minnesota, Precis Agr Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil, Water & Climate, Univ Minnesota, Extens Serv, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil Sci Soc Amer, Soc Engn Agr, Food & Biol Sys, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing AB Corn (zea mays L.) producers are the largest users of cropland and agri-chemicals in U.S. agriculture and represent a major market for precision agriculture technologies. Based on a USDA survey of corn producing farms in 16 states, about 9% used some aspect of precision agriculture for corn production in 1996, representing nearly one-fifth of 1996 harvested corn acreage. Among precision agriculture adopters, 70% used some form of grid soil-sampling, 32 percent used VRT for lime or fertilizer application, and 54% used a yield monitor. A logit analysis indicated that farmers were more likely to adopt precision technologies if they farmed a large number of corn acres, earned a sizable farm income, and had high expected corn yields. The probability of adoption was also higher for farm operators using a computerized record system, who were <50 yrs of age, and who relied on crop consultants for precision agriculture information. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Daberkow, SG (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA BN 0-89118-140-7 PY 1999 BP 1821 EP 1831 PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BQ79A UT WOS:000089526200164 ER PT S AU Meng, RG Finn, C AF Meng, RG Finn, C BE McGregor, GR Hall, HK Langford, GI TI Using flow cytometry to determine ploidy level in Rubus SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL ROBUS-RIBES SYMPOSIUM SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Rubus-Ribes Symposium CY JAN 09-15, 1998 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Fruit Sect, Int Working Grp Rubus & Ribes, New Zealand Soc Hort Sci, Hort Res, New Zealand Minist Agr & Fisheries, Australian Soc Hort Sci, Australian Rubus Growers Assoc, DNRE Agr Victoria, Sweetbriar Dev Inc, Joonas Int DE blackberry; raspberry; breeding; chromosome number ID CLONAL-GERMPLASM-REPOSITORY; CHROMOSOME-NUMBERS AB Rubus has a wide range of ploidy levels, from diploid to dodecaploid. Knowing the ploidy level of breeding materials is important when planning crosses and to help establish correct identity. The conventional method used to determine ploidy level is chromosome counting under a microscope. This approach is time-consuming, tedious, and requires expertise to ensure accuracy. Nuclear DNA flow cytometry, a potentially more efficient approach, was used to study ploidy levels of representatives of each ploidy from 2x to 12x. Rubus ursinus, which is widely represented in our breeding program and has been reported to have 6x, 8x, 9x, 10x, 11x and 12x forms (Brown, 1943), was extensively tested. Nuclei suspensions were prepared from leaf discs of fresh young leaves following published protocols with modifications. Propidium iodide was used to stain the DNA. Fluorescence increased concurrent with the increase in chromosome number. This protocol also was suitable for genotypes representing 9 different Rubus subgenera. Genotypes of R. ursinus were predominantly 8x or 12x, but 9x and 11x forms were found as well. This technique was effective in differentiating chromosome numbers differing by 1x but was not able to differentiate aneuploids. C1 USDA ARS, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Meng, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, HCRL, 3420 Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-792-0 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1999 IS 505 BP 223 EP 227 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BP59Q UT WOS:000085603400028 ER PT S AU Martin, RR AF Martin, RR BE McGregor, GR Hall, HK Langford, GI TI Raspberry viruses in Oregon, Washington and British Columbia SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL ROBUS-RIBES SYMPOSIUM SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Rubus-Ribes Symposium CY JAN 09-15, 1998 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Fruit Sect, Int Working Grp Rubus & Ribes, New Zealand Soc Hort Sci, Hort Res, New Zealand Minist Agr & Fisheries, Australian Soc Hort Sci, Australian Rubus Growers Assoc, DNRE Agr Victoria, Sweetbriar Dev Inc, Joonas Int DE raspberry bushy dwarf virus; tomato ringspot virus; tobacco streak virus; distribution; red raspberry and black raspberry plantings; Oregon; Washington; British Columbia ID BUSHY DWARF VIRUS; TOBACCO-STREAK; TRANSMISSION AB A survey of viruses in raspberry production fields was undertaken, and leaflets were collected from 72 plants per field in Oregon, Washington and British Columbia. Leaflets were collected from three or four rows in each field spaced to give a representative sampling of the field. Cultivar and age of plantings were noted. Three leaflets were pooled to make a single sample, thus 24 individual samples (72 leaflets) were tested per field by ELISA. Each sample was tested in duplicate for rasbperry bushy dwarf (RBDV), tomato ringspot (ToRSV) and tobacco streak (TSV) viruses. Known infected raspberry plants maintained in a greenhouse were used as positive controls in all of the tests. In the Fraser Valley (northwestern Washington and southwestern British Columbia), RBDV was widespread (32/38 fields had RBDV) and occurred at a high incidence within fields (24/32 fields had greater than 50% infection rate). The six fields that did not have RBDV in this area were less than two years old. ToRSV and TSV were not found in the Fraser Valley. In southern Washington and Oregon, TSV, ToRSV and RBDV were all found sporadically in red raspberry. In this area, RBDV, TSV and ToRSV occurred in 9/55, 8/55 and 14/55 fields, respectively. None of the fields in this area had RBDV infection rates over 50%. In black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) fields in Oregon both RBDV and TSV were found commonly at infection rates greater than 50%. However, RBDV and TSV were not found in native R. leucodermis plants adjacent to black raspberry fields with high levels of RBDV and TSV infections. C1 USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Martin, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-792-0 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1999 IS 505 BP 259 EP 262 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BP59Q UT WOS:000085603400033 ER PT S AU Hummer, KE Finn, C AF Hummer, KE Finn, C BE McGregor, GR Hall, HK Langford, GI TI Recent Rubus and Ribes acquisitions at the USDA ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL ROBUS-RIBES SYMPOSIUM SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Rubus-Ribes Symposium CY JAN 09-15, 1998 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Fruit Sect, Int Working Grp Rubus & Ribes, New Zealand Soc Hort Sci, Hort Res, New Zealand Minist Agr & Fisheries, Australian Soc Hort Sci, Australian Rubus Growers Assoc, DNRE Agr Victoria, Sweetbriar Dev Inc, Joonas Int DE Rubus; Ribes; germplasm; collection; storage ID CHROMOSOME-NUMBERS; LIQUID-NITROGEN; MERISTEMS; ACID AB The US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) at Corvallis, Oregon, preserves the genetic resource collections of Rubus and Ribes for the National Plant Germplasm System. Since 1988, 13 USDA sponsored plant exploration trips have obtained new Rubus and Ribes species for the Corvallis Repository. With additional donations from collaborators, the NCGR has obtained Rubus species from more than 50 countries throughout the world. Ribes has been collected from more than 25 countries. Domestic expeditions for both genera have collected in Alaska, Hawaii, and across the continental United States. The NCGR Rubus collection includes more than 140 species and subspecific taxa with 343 named cultivars and selections; the Ribes collection has more than 60 taxa with 302 named cultivars and selections. Species material is preserved as seed with some clonal plant representatives. Rubus genotypes are maintained in primary collections as pathogen-negative clones in screenhouses or field plants. Back-up plants are stored in vitro or cryogenically. Passport and descriptive evaluation information, including voucher images, is publicly accessible on the Repository homepage on the worldwide web. Seeds or clones can be requested from the Repository Curator. C1 USDA ARS, NCGR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Hummer, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCGR, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM finnc@bcc.orst.edu NR 22 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-792-0 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1999 IS 505 BP 275 EP 281 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BP59Q UT WOS:000085603400035 ER PT S AU Takeda, F Peterson, DL AF Takeda, F Peterson, DL BE McGregor, GR Hall, HK Langford, GI TI Production systems for machine harvesting semi-erect eastern Thornless blackberries with fresh-market quality fruit SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL ROBUS-RIBES SYMPOSIUM SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Rubus-Ribes Symposium CY JAN 09-15, 1998 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Fruit Sect, Int Working Grp Rubus & Ribes, New Zealand Soc Hort Sci, Hort Res, New Zealand Minist Agr & Fisheries, Australian Soc Hort Sci, Australian Rubus Growers Assoc, DNRE Agr Victoria, Sweetbriar Dev Inc, Joonas Int DE Rubus; cane training; canopy management; engineering; rotatable trellis; mechanical harvest AB There is increased interest in growing blackberries in the United States for the fresh market. However, scarcity and cost of harvest labor have inhibited commercialization of semi-erect, eastern thornless blackberries. Fruit detached with existing bramble harvesters from plants trained on a vertically oriented "I" trellis do not have fresh market quality. We developed a cane training/trellis system in semi-erect blackberry where canes are oriented horizontally with fruit positioned below during the harvest. Concomitantly, a new over-the-row mechanical harvester that uses vibrating nylon rods on a drum to shake fruit from horizontally trained canes has been developed and tested. The combination of innovative trellis design, cane training practices, and new harvesting technology has allowed for efficient machine removal of high quality fruit that is acceptable for fresh market sales. This system may become a viable alternative production option to hand harvesting. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Takeda, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-792-0 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1999 IS 505 BP 303 EP 311 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BP59Q UT WOS:000085603400039 ER PT S AU Gupton, CL AF Gupton, CL BE McGregor, GR Hall, HK Langford, GI TI Breeding for rosette resistance in blackberry SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL ROBUS-RIBES SYMPOSIUM SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Rubus-Ribes Symposium CY JAN 09-15, 1998 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Fruit Sect, Int Working Grp Rubus & Ribes, New Zealand Soc Hort Sci, Hort Res, New Zealand Minist Agr & Fisheries, Australian Soc Hort Sci, Australian Rubus Growers Assoc, DNRE Agr Victoria, Sweetbriar Dev Inc, Joonas Int DE Rubus spp.; Cercosporella rubi; double blossom; heritability of rosette resistance; rosette effects on blackberry AB Rosette, incited by Cercosporella rubi (Wint) Plakidas, is a serious disease of most erect blackberries (Rubus spp.) and probably the most limiting factor in blackberry production in the southern United States. The tetraploid cultivar Humble has been reported variously as immune or tolerant to rosette. A breeding program was initiated at Poplarville, Miss. with the objective of breeding thornless 4X cultivars with rosette resistance derived from 'Humble'. A productive rosette resistant plant (MSUS29) was identified from the cross 'Humble' X 'Brazos'. MSUS29 was backcrossed to standard cultivars and thornless cultivars. An elite thornless selection (MSUS119) was identified from crosses with the thornless cultivar Navaho. The most recent crosses were made between selections with 'Humble' as the source of rosette resistance and 'Arapaho' or MSUS119 as the source of thornlessness. It is a challenge to select rosette resistant plants because We have not been able to develop a reliable screening procedure using artificial inoculation with C. rubi and all seedlings are screened in the field using natural infection. To determine the propensity of 'Humble', 'Brazos', and 'Rosborough' to transmit rosette resistance, we studied its heritability (h(2)) in blackberry. Only 'Humble' transmitted enough resistance to be usable as a parent. Although the h(2) of resistance (0.48) was fairly high, low variability among parents other than 'Humble' would suggest little progress from mass selection in these cultivars. We evaluated the effect of rosette on ripening date, yield, and berry weight. Berries ripened about the same time and weighed about the same when grown at rosette-free or disease endemic locations. A significant clone X location interaction for yield was caused by reduced fruit set on plants where rosette was endemic. C1 USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Gupton, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-792-0 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1999 IS 505 BP 313 EP 318 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BP59Q UT WOS:000085603400040 ER PT S AU Spiers, JM Braswell, JH Gupton, CL AF Spiers, JM Braswell, JH Gupton, CL BE McGregor, GR Hall, HK Langford, GI TI Influence of P, K, Ca, and Mg rates on leaf elemental concentration and plant growth of 'dormanred' raspberry SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL ROBUS-RIBES SYMPOSIUM SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Rubus-Ribes Symposium CY JAN 09-15, 1998 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Fruit Sect, Int Working Grp Rubus & Ribes, New Zealand Soc Hort Sci, Hort Res, New Zealand Minist Agr & Fisheries, Australian Soc Hort Sci, Australian Rubus Growers Assoc, DNRE Agr Victoria, Sweetbriar Dev Inc, Joonas Int DE Rubus spp.; mineral nutrition ID BLACKBERRY AB 'Dormanred' raspberry plants were grown in sand culture for two years and fertilized with solutions consisting of five macro nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) applied at three different rates (0 Mg/l, control and 10X control). Foliar samples were collected at 4, 8 and 16 weeks after treatment initiation during the second growing season. The 10X N rate resulted in high leaf concentrations of Fe but lower leaf concentrations of Ca and Mg. High P rates increased leaf P, K, and Cu but inhibited Ca uptake. The 10X K rate inhibited Ca and Mg uptake but increased the leaf contents of P, K, Fe, and Cu. High Ca fertilization increased P leaf content and decreased the uptake of Mg and Mn. The 10X rate of Mg increased leaf Mg content but reduced the leaf content of Ca. Toxicity and deficiency symptoms were more evident with the N, K, and Mg fertilizer treatments. C1 ARS, USDA, Small Fruit Res Sta, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Spiers, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Small Fruit Res Sta, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-792-0 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1999 IS 505 BP 337 EP 341 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BP59Q UT WOS:000085603400045 ER PT S AU Finn, C Wennstrom, K Hummer, K AF Finn, C Wennstrom, K Hummer, K BE McGregor, GR Hall, HK Langford, GI TI Crossability of Eurasian Rubus species with red raspberry and blackberry SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL ROBUS-RIBES SYMPOSIUM SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Rubus-Ribes Symposium CY JAN 09-15, 1998 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Fruit Sect, Int Working Grp Rubus & Ribes, New Zealand Soc Hort Sci, Hort Res, New Zealand Minist Agr & Fisheries, Australian Soc Hort Sci, Australian Rubus Growers Assoc, DNRE Agr Victoria, Sweetbriar Dev Inc, Joonas Int DE germplasm; interspecific hybridization; Rubus species AB To increase genetic variability in Rubus breeding material, crosses were attempted with 22 Rubus species representing Idaeobatus, Malachobatus, Rubus and Anoplobatus. Genotypes representing a species were crossed with cultivars representing erect, semi-erect and trailing blackberries and red raspberry that were at a similar ploidy level. Crosses were attempted over three years. The success of crossing varied from species to species and from year to year. Genotypes with intermediate characteristics between cultivated and species material that are fertile, have been obtained for R. sumatranus Mig., R. coreanus Miq., and R. parvifolius L. Vigorous seedlings of crosses with R. caucasicus Focke, R. caesius L., and R. georgicus Focke were obtained but they have not yet flowered. These seedlings, not surprisingly, look like their species parent when the species was used as a female and are likely a result of pseudogamy. C1 ARS, USDA, HCRL, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Finn, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, HCRL, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-792-0 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1999 IS 505 BP 363 EP 367 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BP59Q UT WOS:000085603400049 ER PT S AU Hummer, KE Finn, C AF Hummer, KE Finn, C BE McGregor, GR Hall, HK Langford, GI TI Three-year update on Ribes susceptibility to white pine blister rust SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL ROBUS-RIBES SYMPOSIUM SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Rubus-Ribes Symposium CY JAN 09-15, 1998 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Fruit Sect, Int Working Grp Rubus & Ribes, New Zealand Soc Hort Sci, Hort Res, New Zealand Minist Agr & Fisheries, Australian Soc Hort Sci, Australian Rubus Growers Assoc, DNRE Agr Victoria, Sweetbriar Dev Inc, Joonas Int AB Accessions for 55 Ribes species were evaluated for presence of uredia of white pine blister rust (WPBR), Cronartia ribicola Fischer, during the fall of 1995, 1996, and 1997 after natural infection. Incidence varied by year, within taxonomic sections, and between and within species. The number of infected accessions was greatest in 1997, the autumn with the most precipitation. During this study, 36 species were observed to be infected with WPBR; 19 had no observable uredia. Some species may contain new sources of genes for developing additional rust-resistant commercial Ribes cultivars. For the cultivars, about 82 % of the black currant (R. nigrum L.); about 27% of the red, white and pink currants (R. rubrum L.); 15% of the gooseberries (R. uva-crispa L. and R. oxyacanthoides L.); 13% of the black currant x gooseberry hybrids (R. x nidigrolaria Bauer) had uredia of C. ribicola. Further studies should be conducted to confirm WPBR resistance of cultivars and species through artificial inoculation. C1 ARS, USDA, NCGR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Hummer, KE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCGR, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-792-0 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1999 IS 505 BP 403 EP 408 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BP59Q UT WOS:000085603400056 ER PT B AU Dargatz, DA Wells, SJ AF Dargatz, DA Wells, SJ BE Manning, EJB Collins, MT TI Johne's disease on US beef operations: Results from the NAHMS beef 97 study SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON PARATUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis CY FEB 14-18, 1999 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Assoc Paratuberculosis Inc, Australian Anim Hlth Council, Dairy Res & Dev Corp, CSL Vet, Meat & Livestock Australia, Becton Dickinson, IDEXX Labs Inc, Organon Teknika, Off Int Epizoot, Pharmacia & Upjohn AB In 1997, few beef producers (7.8%) participating in a national survey in the U.S. had any knowledge of Johne's disease beyond a recognition of the name. Most beef producers (69.9%) had not heard of Johne's disease before. Of those producers with some knowledge of Johne's disease, very few (2.2%) reported having cattle diagnosed with Johne's disease by either laboratory testing or as a clinical diagnosis by a veterinarian. Overall, 10,372 serum samples were collected from cows on 380 operations. Of these 40 (0.4%) of the samples were positive for antibodies to M. a. paratuberculosis. These 40 animals were on 30 (7.9%) of the operations. If these operations that participated in the biologic sample collection portion of the Beef '97 study are representative of the rest of the U.S. beef herd, it appears that Johne's disease is present at a low prevalence. Education of beef producers will be a key factor in preventing spread ofJohne's disease in U.S. beef herds. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Dargatz, DA (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol, 555 S Howes, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PARATUBERCULOSIS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA SWP 526, RI HOSPITAL 593 EDDY STREET, PROVIDENCE, RI 02903 USA BN 0-9633043-4-8 PY 1999 BP 59 EP 61 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BR73K UT WOS:000167359200009 ER PT B AU Ellingson, JEL Stabel, JR Whitlock, RH AF Ellingson, JEL Stabel, JR Whitlock, RH BE Manning, EJB Collins, MT TI Detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in free-ranging bison by PCR SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON PARATUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis CY FEB 14-18, 1999 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Assoc Paratuberculosis Inc, Australian Anim Hlth Council, Dairy Res & Dev Corp, CSL Vet, Meat & Livestock Australia, Becton Dickinson, IDEXX Labs Inc, Organon Teknika, Off Int Epizoot, Pharmacia & Upjohn ID RUMINANT PARA-TUBERCULOSIS; JOHNES DISEASE AB Bacterial culture is considered the "gold standard" method for diagnosing paratuberculosis infection (Johne's disease). However, bacterial culture of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) is time consuming and laborious and the success of bacterial culture varies with the species of animals tested. Improved diagnostic tests are needed that can be used in domestic and wild ruminants. PCR amplification has been used for the detection of Map DNA in feces and tissues. However, elaborate specimen preparation protocols are required that may result in reduced sensitivity of these assays. We applied the PCR amplification technique to detection of Map DNA in twenty-five free-ranging North American bison (Bison bison). We report the performance of preassembled PCR amplification mixtures to detect Map DNA in frozen ileum, jejunum, and lymph node samples collected from bison. Specific oligonucleotide primers used in the PCR amplification assay were derived from the 16S rRNA (M. avium) sequence and insertion element IS900 (Map). Crude genomic DNA samples were prepared from the bison tissues using a simple boiling technique and these DNA samples were tested by PCR amplification. An animal was considered positive if Map DNA was detected by PCR amplification in at least two separate tissue samples using the IS900 primer set or by detection of DNA in a single tissue sample from an animal using both the 16S rRNA and IS900 primer sets. Using these criteria, 15 of 25 (60%) bison tested were positive for Map DNA. The data indicate that these free-ranging bison have been infected by Map. C1 USDA, APHIS, VS, Ctr Vet Biol Lab, Ames, IA USA. RP Ellingson, JEL (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, VS, Ctr Vet Biol Lab, Ames, IA USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PARATUBERCULOSIS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA SWP 526, RI HOSPITAL 593 EDDY STREET, PROVIDENCE, RI 02903 USA BN 0-9633043-4-8 PY 1999 BP 420 EP 423 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BR73K UT WOS:000167359200055 ER PT B AU Payeur, JB Hennager, SG AF Payeur, JB Hennager, SG BE Manning, EJB Collins, MT TI The development of a laboratory accreditation program for Johne's disease diagnostics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON PARATUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis CY FEB 14-18, 1999 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Assoc Paratuberculosis Inc, Australian Anim Hlth Council, Dairy Res & Dev Corp, CSL Vet, Meat & Livestock Australia, Becton Dickinson, IDEXX Labs Inc, Organon Teknika, Off Int Epizoot, Pharmacia & Upjohn ID MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS; BOVINE PARATUBERCULOSIS; CULTIVATION AB As part of the voluntary National Paratuberculosis Certification Program developed by the United States Animal Health Association--Johne's Committee, the National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) were asked to develop a program to approve laboratories to perform tests for the diagnosis of Johne's disease. Guidelines have been developed for antibody-based and organism-based tests. Laboratories are evaluated on their ability to perform the ELISA, although test performance can be provided for the complement fixation (CF) and AGID tests if requested. Fecal culture is the standard for the organism-based test although DNA probe tests are also evaluated if requested. The test panels consist of sera and fecal samples from known naturally infected, culture-positive cattle and known culture-negative cattle herds. An approved laboratory must pass an annual check test to maintain its status. Ifa laboratory fails to meet the established criteria, this does not prevent them from performing the tests since Johne's disease is not addressed by an official USDA disease control or eradication program at the present time. However, the national program guidelines recommend that each participant send samples only to the NVSL approved laboratories. Efforts are also being made to harmonize the fecal culture methods and develop quality control guidelines for laboratory procedures and media. C1 USDA, APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Payeur, JB (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Natl Vet Serv Labs, 1800 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PARATUBERCULOSIS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA SWP 526, RI HOSPITAL 593 EDDY STREET, PROVIDENCE, RI 02903 USA BN 0-9633043-4-8 PY 1999 BP 561 EP 564 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BR73K UT WOS:000167359200074 ER PT B AU Stabel, JR AF Stabel, JR BE Manning, EJB Collins, MT TI Transitions in immune responses to M-a. paratuberculosis infection SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON PARATUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Colloquium on Paratuberculosis CY FEB 14-18, 1999 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Assoc Paratuberculosis Inc, Australian Anim Hlth Council, Dairy Res & Dev Corp, CSL Vet, Meat & Livestock Australia, Becton Dickinson, IDEXX Labs Inc, Organon Teknika, Off Int Epizoot, Pharmacia & Upjohn ID DELTA T-CELLS; MYCOBACTERIUM-PARATUBERCULOSIS; BOVINE PARATUBERCULOSIS; OVINE PARATUBERCULOSIS; CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY; LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS; TNF-ALPHA; GAMMA; TUBERCULOSIS; MACROPHAGES AB The host immune response to infection with M. a. paratuberculosis is paradoxical, with strong cell-mediated immune responses during the early, subclinical stages of infection and strong humoral responses during the late clinical stages of the disease. Cell-mediated immune responses modulated by various T-cell subsets are essential to provide protective immunity and prevent progression of the disease. Secretion of cytokines by T-cell populations serves to activate macrophages to kill ingested M. a. paratuberculosis as well as activate other T-cell subsets to contain the infection. This paper reviews the current knowledge of T-cell immune responses in M, a. paratuberculosis infection based upon clinical studies and research using mouse models. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, POB 70,2300 N Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC PARATUBERCULOSIS INC PI PROVIDENCE PA SWP 526, RI HOSPITAL 593 EDDY STREET, PROVIDENCE, RI 02903 USA BN 0-9633043-4-8 PY 1999 BP 579 EP 584 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Veterinary Sciences GA BR73K UT WOS:000167359200077 ER PT S AU Roberts, DP Stromberg, EL Lacy, GH Buyer, JS AF Roberts, DP Stromberg, EL Lacy, GH Buyer, JS BE Liptay, A Vavrina, CS Welbaum, GE TI Biological disease control: Considerations for seed treatment and stand establishment SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH SYMPOSIUM ON STAND ESTABLISHMENT AND ISHS SEED SYMPOISUM SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on Stand Establishment / 7th ISHS Seed Symposium CY MAY 15-19, 1999 CL ROANOKE, VA SP Amer Soc Hort Sci, Seedling Estab Working Grp, Int Soc Hort Sci, Vegetables Sect, Seed Res Working Grp, Amer Soc Agron, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Ctr Org Technol Advancement, Monsanto, Novartis, Riverbend Nursery, Speeding Gustafson, Virginia Crop Improvement Assoc, Virginia Tech, Amer Soc Hort Sci, Seed Res Working Grp DE cucumber; damping-off; rhizosphere colonization; "take-all"; wheat ID NUCLEATION-ACTIVE BACTERIA; GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI; SUPPRESS TAKE-ALL; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; FROST INJURY; ROOT COLONIZATION; PLANT-PATHOGENS; WHEAT; RHIZOSPHERE; STRAIN AB Effects of bacterial seed treatments on "take-all" of wheat (Triticum aestivum), a disease caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, and on soilborne pathogens of cucumber (Cucumis sativum) and other vegetables are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on strategies for isolation and identification of bacterial biological control agents from apparently healthy wheat plants from a field that had been continually cropped to wheat since 1988 and has had severe "take-all" outbreaks since 1992. Current research is directed toward evaluating bacterial isolates alone or in various combinations as seed treatments for "take-all" control under field conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Roberts, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biocontrol Plant Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-782-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1999 IS 504 BP 69 EP 74 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BP49G UT WOS:000085308200006 ER PT S AU Meurisse, RT AF Meurisse, RT BE Meurisse, RT Ypsilantis, WG Seybold, C TI Soil quality and health - Some applications to ecosystem health and sustainability SO PROCEEDINGS: PACIFIC NORTHWEST FOREST AND RANGELAND SOIL ORGANISM SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Northwest Forest and Rangeland Soil Organism Symposium CY MAR 17-19, 1998 CL CORVALLIS, OR SP USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Reg, USDI Bur Land Management, USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soil Qual Inst, Oregon State Univ, Oregon Soc Soil Scientists DE soil quailty; soil health; soil functions; soil resiliency; ecosystem health; ecoregion ID OREGON AB Sustainability of forest and rangeland ecosystems is intricately linked with healthy and productive soils. Soils vary widely in their quality. Their health is a condition of the soil relative to their inherent quality and ability to perform vital soil and ecosystem functions. Soils in Pacific Northwest forest and rangeland ecosystems are particularly heterogeneous. For example, selected soils from six Ecoregions, have organic carbon contents that range from about 40,000 to more than 800,000 kg/ha. Total nitrogen content ranges from less than 2,000 to more than 50,000 kg/ha. There is a close relationship between soil quality and health and ecosystem quality and health. Ecosystem stresses can be increased by management activities that compact soils and alter soil moisture and nutrient status and processes. Forest health in Inland Western forests is intricately linked with carbon and nutrient cycling. A high percentage of soil organisms make their home in the soil and play a critical role in the functions of ecosystems. Alteration of soil physical and nutrient conditions can alter the incidence of soil borne diseases which, in turn, affect the health of ecosystems. Specific quantitative soil standards, or thresholds, are needed to determine detrimental conditions. The National Forests have established a variety of measures of detrimental conditions. A variety of physical measures, such as bulk density changes, displacement and erosion, and detrimental burn conditions are emphasized. Soils vary widely in their resiliency, or ability to rebound from impacts. A model of soil resiliency adopted from Szabolcs (1994), includes physical, chemical and biological buffering and pedological and anthropological soil fluxes. Several soils from six Pacific Northwest Ecoregions are rated for their resiliency. Criteria for chemical, biological and physical buffering is included. C1 US Forest Serv, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 1999 VL 461 BP 21 EP 32 PG 12 WC Ecology; Forestry; Microbiology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Microbiology; Agriculture GA BN50J UT WOS:000082048100002 ER PT S AU Molina, R O'Dell, T Dunham, S Pilz, D AF Molina, R O'Dell, T Dunham, S Pilz, D BE Meurisse, RT Ypsilantis, WG Seybold, C TI Biological diversity and ecosystem functions of forest soil fungi: Management implications SO PROCEEDINGS: PACIFIC NORTHWEST FOREST AND RANGELAND SOIL ORGANISM SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Northwest Forest and Rangeland Soil Organism Symposium CY MAR 17-19, 1998 CL CORVALLIS, OR SP USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Reg, USDI Bur Land Management, USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soil Qual Inst, Oregon State Univ, Oregon Soc Soil Scientists DE mycology; mycorrhizae; biodiversity; survey and manage; conservation biology; population biology; edible mushrooms; special forest products; nontimber forest products ID SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL; CONSERVATION; DYNAMICS; GENETICS; OREGON AB This chapter provides a brief overview of the ecosystem function and biodiversity of forest fungi, which are critical to the health and sustainability of forest ecosystems. Species diversity of fungi is second only to arthropods but it is their functional diversity that makes fungi so important in forest ecosystems. In addition to participating in the entire nutrient cycling process, they also are fundamental parts of the forest food web, and many forest organisms depend on them in mutualistic and other symbiotic associations. Recent efforts to conserve rare fungi and manage the commercial harvest of edible forest mushrooms for sustainable production provide examples of integrating fungi into ecosystem management schemes. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Molina, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Northwest PY 1999 VL 461 BP 45 EP 58 PG 14 WC Ecology; Forestry; Microbiology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Microbiology; Agriculture GA BN50J UT WOS:000082048100004 ER PT S AU Herrick, JE AF Herrick, JE BE Meurisse, RT Ypsilantis, WG Seybold, C TI Soil organisms and rangeland soil hydrological functions SO PROCEEDINGS: PACIFIC NORTHWEST FOREST AND RANGELAND SOIL ORGANISM SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Northwest Forest and Rangeland Soil Organism Symposium CY MAR 17-19, 1998 CL CORVALLIS, OR SP USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Reg, USDI Bur Land Management, USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soil Qual Inst, Oregon State Univ, Oregon Soc Soil Scientists DE hydrology; infiltration; soil water; available water holding capacity; invertebrate; ant; termite; earthworm; fungi; rangeland; soil structure; aggregate; soil organic matter ID SEMIARID EASTERN AUSTRALIA; NEST ENTRANCES; SANDY SOILS; WATER; ANTS; INFILTRATION; TERMITES; DESERT; DESERTIFICATION; LANDSCAPES AB Soil organisms control water distribution in rangelands by creating macropores which rapidly conduct water into the soil, by generating stable soil aggregates which prevent crusting and increase water holding capacity, and by controlling litter decomposition. Ants, termites and earthworms have all been shown to increase infiltration capacity; anecdotal evidence suggests that macropore formation by a variety of other macroinvertebrates may have equally dramatic effects. Macroinvertebrates generate aggregates in the form of fecal pellets. Lichens, mycorrhizal fungi, cyanobacteria and other microorganisms also contribute to aggregate formation and soil surface stabilization. The direct effects of rapid litter decomposition on infiltration and soil water storage in arid and semi-arid rangelands is generally negative: litter removal exposes the surface to raindrop impact, which leads to the formation of physical crusts, and increases evaporation from the soil surface. These negative impacts are balanced by the creation of surface-connected macropores and the incorporation of soil organic matter, resulting in the formation of stable aggregates. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Herrick, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jherrick@nmsu.edu NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Northwest PY 1999 VL 461 BP 91 EP 100 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry; Microbiology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Microbiology; Agriculture GA BN50J UT WOS:000082048100008 ER PT S AU Busse, MD AF Busse, MD BE Meurisse, RT Ypsilantis, WG Seybold, C TI Out of sight, but not out of mind: Soil microorganisms in moisture-limited forests SO PROCEEDINGS: PACIFIC NORTHWEST FOREST AND RANGELAND SOIL ORGANISM SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Northwest Forest and Rangeland Soil Organism Symposium CY MAR 17-19, 1998 CL CORVALLIS, OR SP USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Reg, USDI Bur Land Management, USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soil Qual Inst, Oregon State Univ, Oregon Soc Soil Scientists DE soil processes; microbial community; ponderosa pine; moisture stress; forest management practices ID PONDEROSA PINE; MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; AGRICULTURAL SOILS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; BIOMASS; DISTURBANCE; DIVERSITY; SUSTAINABILITY; PRODUCTIVITY; ECOSYSTEMS AB Microorganisms play a critical role in the maintenance and productivity of forest ecosystems by their regulation of soil nutrient availability and organic matter decomposition. Regardless, it is uncommon for managers to consider the microbial community and its processes when assessing forest management options. The reasons for this incongruity are of little surprise. Microorganisms lack the charisma attributed to key plant and wildlife species, and thus are "out of sight, out of mind." More detrimental, however, is our incomplete understanding of how microorganisms respond to natural and management-induced disturbances. Whether changes in microbial processes following disturbance are sufficient to alter the sustainability of forest ecosystems is unclear, thus providing limited input for decision making by forest managers. Information from studies of moisture-limited forests on the eastern slopes of the Cascade Mountains indicates that (1) microbial communities are well adapted to the conditions of water stress, (2) long-term decline in microbial biomass can result from continuous silvicultural treatment, and (3) microbial activity is limited by available soil carbon content. Management options which maintain or enhance site organic matter are recommended as the best practice to sustain microbial processes. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96001 USA. RP Busse, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 2400 Washington Ave, Redding, CA 96001 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 1999 VL 461 BP 146 EP 155 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry; Microbiology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Microbiology; Agriculture GA BN50J UT WOS:000082048100014 ER PT S AU Thies, WG AF Thies, WG BE Meurisse, RT Ypsilantis, WG Seybold, C TI Managing root diseases by managing stands SO PROCEEDINGS: PACIFIC NORTHWEST FOREST AND RANGELAND SOIL ORGANISM SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Northwest Forest and Rangeland Soil Organism Symposium CY MAR 17-19, 1998 CL CORVALLIS, OR SP USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Reg, USDI Bur Land Management, USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soil Qual Inst, Oregon State Univ, Oregon Soc Soil Scientists DE root diseases; forest pathology; fungi; white rot; brown rot AB Root diseases are important natural disturbance agents in forest ecosystems in the Pacific Northwest. The common root diseases are caused by fungi. Root disease fungi inhabit roots, rather than soil. This helps them to avoid competition for food with saprophytic soil organisms. At landscape scales and over long time frames, the impacts of root diseases are considerable. Understanding the ecological roles of diseases, their impacts on resources, management influences on them, and their effect on management is crucial to meeting ecosystem management objectives. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Thies, WG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 1999 VL 461 BP 156 EP 160 PG 5 WC Ecology; Forestry; Microbiology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Microbiology; Agriculture GA BN50J UT WOS:000082048100015 ER PT S AU Amaranthus, MP Cazares, E Perry, DA AF Amaranthus, MP Cazares, E Perry, DA BE Meurisse, RT Ypsilantis, WG Seybold, C TI The role of soil organisms in restoration SO PROCEEDINGS: PACIFIC NORTHWEST FOREST AND RANGELAND SOIL ORGANISM SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Northwest Forest and Rangeland Soil Organism Symposium CY MAR 17-19, 1998 CL CORVALLIS, OR SP USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Reg, USDI Bur Land Management, USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soil Qual Inst, Oregon State Univ, Oregon Soc Soil Scientists DE soil restoration; soil organisms; ectomycorrhizae; disturbance; reforestation ID DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS; VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE; SEMI-ARID WEST; PHYTOPHTHORA-CINNAMOMI; REVEGETATION PRACTICES; NITROGEN-FIXATION; CALCIUM-OXALATE; VEGETATION TYPE; GROWTH; FUNGI AB The soil biological community is inevitably impacted on degraded sites, and much remains to be learned about these impacts. This myriad of soil organisms and their interactions profoundly affect forest restoration through capture and uptake of nutrients, nitrogen fixation, protection against pathogens, maintenance of soil structure, and buffering against moisture stress. The best approach for managers is prevent degradation of the soil biological community. The vast majority of soil organisms live and work in rhizospheres, humus, rotten wood, and the upper mineral soil which are powerhouses of soil biological activity and thus are essential substrates for maintaining site resilience. Although there is no "magic bullet" for enhancing restoration, there is great opportunity to use soil organisms as "tools." Research is now underway to identify organisms best adapted to specific environmental and biotic conditions and to assess the potential for "managing" these organisms. Incorporating the concept of the "living soil" in evaluation of site restoration is part of a new, expanding view of forest ecosystems. Understanding soil organisms and putting them to wise use, practicing foresters can better not only maintain populations of beneficial organisms on site but also achieve restoration success. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Grants Pass, OR 97526 USA. RP Amaranthus, MP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Box 440, Grants Pass, OR 97526 USA. NR 85 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Northwest PY 1999 VL 461 BP 179 EP 189 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry; Microbiology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Microbiology; Agriculture GA BN50J UT WOS:000082048100017 ER PT S AU Bennett, K AF Bennett, K BE Meurisse, RT Ypsilantis, WG Seybold, C TI Soil organisms - Applications for national forest management SO PROCEEDINGS: PACIFIC NORTHWEST FOREST AND RANGELAND SOIL ORGANISM SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pacific Northwest Forest and Rangeland Soil Organism Symposium CY MAR 17-19, 1998 CL CORVALLIS, OR SP USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Reg, USDI Bur Land Management, USDA Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soil Qual Inst, Oregon State Univ, Oregon Soc Soil Scientists DE soil quality standards; compaction; displacement; severe burning; monitoring; ecosystem sustainability AB Maintaining health and vigor of ecosystems requires definition of thresholds. Soil quality standards, developed by the US Forest Service Regions, focus on limiting area of impact, protecting physical soil properties, and maintaining some level of organic matter. Soil compaction and puddling, displacement and erosion and severe burning are specific indicators of detrimental conditions. Monitoring results show that many practices can meet soil quality standards, but repeated entries, with ground based equipment, often don't meet standards. Soil microorganisms may be good early warning indicators of declining conditions. Better understanding of below ground communities is important for ecosystem sustainability. Collaboration between the scientific community and managers needs to improve. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Siuslaw Natl Forest, Watershed Program, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. RP Bennett, K (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Siuslaw Natl Forest, Watershed Program, Box 1148, Corvallis, OR 97339 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 1999 VL 461 BP 190 EP 192 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry; Microbiology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Microbiology; Agriculture GA BN50J UT WOS:000082048100018 ER PT J AU DeMar, JC Rundle, DR Wensel, TG Anderson, RE AF DeMar, JC Rundle, DR Wensel, TG Anderson, RE TI Heterogeneous N-terminal acylation of retinal proteins SO PROGRESS IN LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR; CEREVISIAE MYRISTOYL-COA; NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; CYCLASE-ACTIVATING PROTEIN; PHOTORECEPTOR GUANYLYL CYCLASE; NH2-TERMINAL BLOCKING GROUP; GUANINE-NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; ROD OUTER SEGMENTS; MEMBRANE ASSOCIATION PROPERTIES C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Biochem, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Oklahoma Ctr Neurosci, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cell Biol, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. Dean A McGee Eye Inst, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. RP DeMar, JC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Wensel, Theodore/0000-0003-3518-9352 FU NEI NIH HHS [R01-EY07981, R01-EY00871, R01-EY04149] NR 314 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0163-7827 J9 PROG LIPID RES JI Prog. Lipid. Res. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 38 IS 1 BP 49 EP 90 DI 10.1016/S0163-7827(98)00020-4 PG 42 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 173NW UT WOS:000078987500002 PM 10396602 ER PT S AU Roberts, SB Das, SK Saltzman, E AF Roberts, SB Das, SK Saltzman, E BE GuyGrand, B TI Effects of weight loss on metabolic efficiency SO PROGRESS IN OBESITY RESEARCH: 8 SE PROGRESS IN OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Congress on Obesity CY AUG 29-SEP 03, 1998 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Int Assoc Study Obesity ID RESTING ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; POST-OBESE WOMEN; POSTPRANDIAL THERMOGENESIS; FUEL UTILIZATION; NONOBESE WOMEN; FAT OXIDATION; BODY-WEIGHT; MEAL; EXERCISE; DIET AB The role of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation in weight regain following intentional weight loss remains controversial. A summary of published data suggests that there is a persistent decrease in resting metabolic rate after adjusting for fat free mass in the post-obese state, and also an increased tendency to deposit rather than oxidize fat. Whether these changes reflect an increase in metabolic efficiency or whether they can be explained by subtle alterations in body composition and lifestyle factors remains uncertain. Nevertheless, the combination of these metabolic alterations theoretically can account for gradual regain of excess weight without the need to invoke concomitant hyperphagia. Further studies are needed to examine changes in total energy requirements over the course of weight loss and subsequent weight maintenance, and to directly assess the relative contributions of hyperphagia and reduced energy expenditure in the regain of weight that is typically seen in the post-obese period. C1 Tufts Univ, Energy Metab Lab, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Energy Metab Lab, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN LIBBEY & CO PI LONDON PA 13 SMITHS YARD, SUMMERLEY ST, LONDON SW18 4HR, ENGLAND SN 0962-7936 BN 0-86196-581-7 J9 PROG OBES R PY 1999 BP 769 EP 775 PG 7 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Anatomy & Morphology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BP16V UT WOS:000084261200093 ER PT S AU Reeds, PJ Burrin, DG Stoll, B van Goudoever, JB AF Reeds, PJ Burrin, DG Stoll, B van Goudoever, JB BE Lobley, GE White, A MacRae, JC TI Consequences and regulation of gut metabolism SO PROTEIN METABOLISM AND NUTRITION SE EAAP EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION PUBLICATION LA English DT Review CT VIIIth International Symposium on Protein Metabolism and Nutrition CY SEP 01-04, 1999 CL ABERDEEN, SCOTLAND SP Aberdeen City Council, Craigdon Business Ctr, Degussa AG, Forum, Anim Nutr & Hlth Div, Glaxo Wellcome Operat, Grampian Country Food Grp, Macphie Glenbervie, Meat & Livestock Commiss, Rowell Res Inst, Thistle Scientif, Unilever Res, Univ Aberdeen ID N-15-ISOTOPE DILUTION TECHNIQUE; TISSUE PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; PORTAL-DRAINED VISCERA; ENDOGENOUS NITROGEN SECRETION; AMINO-ACID DIGESTIBILITIES; TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; SYNTHESIS IN-VIVO; SMALL-INTESTINE; WHOLE-BODY; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT AB The portal-drained viscera have a high rate of both protein synthesis and energy expenditure. Thus, these tissues contribute disproportionately to the overall requirement for some nutrients, while at the same time exerting a nutritionally significant influence on substrate availability for other tissues. Studies based on the use of dual intravenous and enteral administration of isotopically labelled tracers have shown that the first-pass splanchnic sequestration of dietary amino acids, is substantial. In contrast, the splanchnic first-pass use of glucose is generally a low proportion of intake. Recent studies have established that intestinal amino acid metabolism contributes 70% or more of total splanchnic amino acid metabolism. In this paper we discuss: (a) the impact of secretory protein outflow on the assessment of the true digestibility of conventional protein sources; (b) the impact of intestinal amino acid utilisation on the portal availability of dietary amino acids; and (c) pathways of arterial and enteral substrate utilisation by the intestine. We conclude that: (a) many protein sources are essentially completely digested in the small intestine in monogastrics and that differences in 'digestibility' are largely functions of secretory protein production; (b) the intestinal utilisation of amino acids, either by first-pass metabolism, or by 'second-pass' use via the mesenteric arterial input, has a nutritionally significant impact on net portal amino acid availability; and (c) amino acids, especially lumenal non-essential amino acids, are critical oxidative substrates and biosynthetic precursors in the intestinal mucosa. We also discuss the potential impact of the activation of gut defense mechanisms, and especially mucin production on amino acid needs, metabolism and bioavailability. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Reeds, PJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 154 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0071-2477 BN 90-74134-69-6 J9 EAAP PUBLIC PY 1999 IS 96 BP 127 EP 153 PG 27 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA BN86T UT WOS:000083279600007 ER PT J AU Bago, B Zipfel, W Williams, RM Piche, Y AF Bago, B Zipfel, W Williams, RM Piche, Y TI Nuclei of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as revealed by in vivo two-photon microscopy SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE Gigaspora rosea; Glomus intraradices; 4 ',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; extraradical mycelium; arbuscular-mycorrhizal monoxenic cultures; multiphoton microscopy ID ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; CYTOPLASMIC DYNEIN; IN-VIVO; EXCITATION; MIGRATION; MYCELIUM; BEHAVIOR; EVENTS; PLANTS; HYPHAE AB The present work reports the results obtained from in vivo studies on the distribution and behavior of nuclei of two arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi growing in symbiosis with tomato root organ cultures (AM monoxenic cultures). Upon staining with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and two-photon microscopy (2PM) observations, symbiotic thick runner hyphae appeared mostly opaque to 2PM and did not reveal nuclei within them; thin runner hyphae showed dimly stained nuclei along them, whereas nuclei were clearly visible within the branches of the so-called branched absorbing structures. When visible, nuclei appeared anchored laterally at regular intervals along the symbiotic AM extraradical hyphae. Other nuclei migrate through the hyphal central core: this migration occurs in pulses. Simultaneous observations on different areas of extraradical AM mycelium revealed the existence of lysed compartments along the fungal hyphae, containing nuclei remnants and/or chromatin masses. All these results give new insights in (i) the differential permeability of AM hyphae in the symbiotic versus the asymbiotic state; (ii) the behavior and distribution of nuclei along the symbiotic extraradical mycelium; (iii) the occurrence of ageing events within the AM fungal colony. and (iv) the existence of "healing" mechanisms aiming to restrict the damage induced by such ageing or lyric events. An AM fungal strategy for hyphal survival under adverse conditions is also suggested. C1 Univ Laval, Ctr Rech Biol Forestiere, Ste Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Bago, B (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM bbago@arserrc.gov RI Bago, Alberto/H-9683-2015; Zipfel, Warren/B-4059-2016 OI Zipfel, Warren/0000-0003-2640-329X NR 39 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PY 1999 VL 209 IS 1-2 BP 77 EP 89 DI 10.1007/BF01415703 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 272XF UT WOS:000084675700010 PM 18987796 ER PT J AU Vaughn, KC Turley, RB AF Vaughn, KC Turley, RB TI The primary walls of cotton fibers contain an ensheathing pectin layer SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE cotton fiber; cellulose; xyloglucan; pectin; elongation ID CELL-WALL; MATRIX POLYSACCHARIDES; GROWTH; LOCALIZATION; INVOLVEMENT; OVULES; MODELS AB Cotton fiber walls (1-2 days post anthesis) are distinctly bilayered compared to those of nonfiber epidermal cells, with a more electron-opaque outer layer and a less electron-opaque, more finely fibrillar inner layer. When probed with antibodies and affinity probes to various saccharides, xyloglucans and cellulose are found exclusively in the inner layer and de-esterified pectins and extensin exclusively in the outer layer. Ovular epidermal cells that do not differentiate into fibers have no pectin sheath, but are labelled throughout with antixyloglucan and cellulase-gold probes. Middle lamellae between adjacent cells were clearly labelled with the antibodies to de-esterified pectins, however. Similarly, cell walls of leaf trichomes have a bilayered wall strongly enriched in pectin, whereas other epidermal cells are not bilayered and are pectin poor. These data indicate that one of the early markers of fiber and trichome cells from other epidermal cells involves the production of a pectin layer. The de-esterified pectins present in the ensheathing layer may allow for expansion and elongation of the fiber cells that does not occur in the other epidermal cells without such a sheath or may even be a consequence of the elongation process. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Genet Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Vaughn, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 26 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PY 1999 VL 209 IS 3-4 BP 226 EP 237 DI 10.1007/BF01453451 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 272FM UT WOS:000084639900011 ER PT B AU Isbell, TA AF Isbell, TA BE Knothe, G Derksen, JTP TI Derivatives of new crop oils SO RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACID DERIVATIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis of Novel Fatty Acid Derivatives Held at the 89th AOCS Annual Meeting CY MAY, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Oil Chem Soc ID MEADOWFOAM FATTY-ACIDS; DOUBLE-BOND REGION; JOJOBA LIQUID WAX; DELTA-LACTONES; CATALYZED CONDENSATION; CHEMICAL-BINDING; CASTOR-OIL; FUNCTIONALIZATION; ESTOLIDES; EPOXIDATION C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Isbell, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 508 S 6TH ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 USA BN 1-893997-00-6 PY 1999 BP 44 EP 58 DI 10.1201/9781439832073.ch3 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BP59M UT WOS:000085603000003 ER PT B AU Piazza, GJ AF Piazza, GJ BE Knothe, G Derksen, JTP TI Some recent advances in epoxide synthesis SO RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACID DERIVATIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis of Novel Fatty Acid Derivatives Held at the 89th AOCS Annual Meeting CY MAY, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Oil Chem Soc ID MANGANESE-CONTAINING POLYOXOMETALATE; UNSATURATED FATTY ESTERS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; METHYLRHENIUM TRIOXIDE; ALLYLIC ALCOHOLS; OLEIC-ACID; DIASTEREOSELECTIVE EPOXIDATION; ALPHA,BETA-EPOXY ALCOHOL; PEROXYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS; ASYMMETRIC EPOXIDATION C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Piazza, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 508 S 6TH ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 USA BN 1-893997-00-6 PY 1999 BP 182 EP 195 DI 10.1201/9781439832073.ch11 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BP59M UT WOS:000085603000011 ER PT B AU Hou, CT Kuo, TM Lanser, AC AF Hou, CT Kuo, TM Lanser, AC BE Knothe, G Derksen, JTP TI Production of hydroxy fatty acids by biocatalysis SO RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACID DERIVATIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis of Novel Fatty Acid Derivatives Held at the 89th AOCS Annual Meeting CY MAY, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Oil Chem Soc ID RICE BLAST DISEASE; OLEIC-ACID; LINOLEIC-ACID; 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; MICROBIAL CONVERSION; 10-KETOSTEARIC ACID; NRRL B-14859; BIOCONVERSION; TRIHYDROXY C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hou, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 508 S 6TH ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 USA BN 1-893997-00-6 PY 1999 BP 213 EP 226 DI 10.1201/9781439832073.ch13 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BP59M UT WOS:000085603000013 ER PT B AU Knothe, G Christie, WW AF Knothe, G Christie, WW BE Knothe, G Derksen, JTP TI Some derivatives of fatty compounds for mass spectral structure determination SO RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACID DERIVATIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Synthesis of Novel Fatty Acid Derivatives Held at the 89th AOCS Annual Meeting CY MAY, 1998 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Amer Oil Chem Soc ID DOUBLE-BOND POSITION; CHEMICAL MODIFICATION; SPECTROMETRY; ACIDS; LOCATION; ESTERS; CHAIN; PYRROLIDIDES; 4-METHYL-1,2,4-TRIAZOLINE-3,5-DIONE; 2-ALKENYL-4,4-DIMETHYLOXAZOLINES C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 508 S 6TH ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 USA BN 1-893997-00-6 PY 1999 BP 227 EP 238 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BP59M UT WOS:000085603000014 ER PT B AU Schuman, GE AF Schuman, GE BE Wong, MH Wong, JWC Baker, AJM TI Reclamation of abandoned bentonite mined lands SO REMEDIATION AND MANAGEMENT OF DEGRADED LANDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Remediation and Management of Degraded Lands CY 1996 CL HONG KONG SP Croucher Fdn, Environm & Conservat Fund, Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Asia-Oceania Network Biol Sci, Annals Botany, British Council, Guyline Technol Ltd, Perkin Elmer Hong Kong Ltd, Tegent Technol Ltd, Schmidt & Co (Hong Kong) Ltd ID WOOD-RESIDUE; FERTILIZER AMENDMENT; SPOILS; RESPONSES; SOIL; GYPSUM C1 USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY USA. RP Schuman, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 0-8493-4118-3 PY 1999 BP 77 EP 88 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN28A UT WOS:000081414900007 ER PT J AU Lefsky, MA Harding, D Cohen, WB Parker, G Shugart, HH AF Lefsky, MA Harding, D Cohen, WB Parker, G Shugart, HH TI Surface lidar remote sensing of basal area and biomass in deciduous forests of eastern Maryland, USA SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; LASER SCANNER DATA; AIRBORNE LIDAR; CANOPY; HEIGHT; STANDS; VOLUME; SYSTEM; STRATIFICATION; SUCCESSION AB A method of predicting two forest stand structure attributes, basal area and aboveground biomass, from measurements of forest vertical structure was developed and tested using field and remotely sensed canopy structure measurements. Coincident estimates of the vertical distribution of canopy structure measurements. Coincident estimates of the vertical distribution of canopy surface area (the canopy height profile), and field-measured stand structure attributes were acquired for two data sets. the chronosequence data set consists of 48 plots in stands distributed within 25 miles of Annapolis, MD, with canopy height profiles measured in the field using the optical-quadrat method. The stem-map data set consists of 75 plots subsetted from a single 32 ha stem-mapped stand, with measurements of their canopy height profiles made using the SLICER (Scanning Lidar Imager of Canopies by Echo Recovery) instrument, an airborne surface lidar system. Four height indices, maximum, median, mean, and quadratic mean canopy height (QMCH) were calculated from the canopy height profiles. Regressions between the indices and stand basal area and biomass were developed using the chronosequence data set. The regression equations developed from the chronosequence data set were then applied to height indices calculated from the remotely sensed canopy height profiles from the stem map data set, and the ability of the regression equations to predict the stem map plot's stand structure attributes was then evaluated. The QMCH was found to explain the most variance in the chronosequence data set's stand structure attributes, and to most accurately predict the values of the same attributes in the stem map data set. For the chronosequence data set, the QMCH predicted 70% of variance in stand basal area, and 80% of variance in aboveground biomass, and remained nonasymptotic with basal areas up to 50 m(2) ha(-1), and aboveground biomass values up to 450 Mg ha(-1). When applies to the stem-map data set, the regression equations resulted in basal areas that were, on average, underestimated by 2.1 m(2) ha(-1), and biomass values were underestimated by 16 Mg ha(-1), and explained 37% and 33% of variance, respectively. Differences in the magnitude of the coefficients of determination were due to the wider range of stand conditions found in the chronosequence data set; the standard deviation of residual values were lower in the stem map data set than on the chronosequence data sets. Stepwise multiple regression was performed to predict the two stand structure attributes using the canopy height profile data directly as independent variables, but they did not improve the accuracy of the estimates over the height index approach. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Lefsky, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Lefsky, Michael/A-7224-2009; Shugart, Herman/C-5156-2009; Harding, David/F-5913-2012; OI Parker, Geoffrey/0000-0001-7055-6491 NR 44 TC 346 Z9 374 U1 14 U2 106 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 67 IS 1 BP 83 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00071-6 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 151KV UT WOS:000077720000006 ER PT J AU Ashworth, CJ Beattie, L Antipatis, C Vallet, JL AF Ashworth, CJ Beattie, L Antipatis, C Vallet, JL TI Effects of pre- and post-mating feed intake on blastocyst size, secretory function and glucose metabolism in Meishan gilts SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID EMBRYO SURVIVAL; CONCEPTUSES; PROTEIN; SHEEP; CELLS AB This experiment was designed to determine the effects of a nutritional regime, known to increase embryo survival, on blastocyst development and function. Day 12 blastocysts were recovered from Meishan gilts allocated in a 2x2 factorial design to receive either a high or a maintenance diet before or after mating (n = 4-6 gilts per group). The post-mating diet had no effect on individual blastocyst size, cell number, secretion of oestradiol-17 beta or retinol binding protein, glucose metabolism or on the within-litter variability in these measures. Blastocysts recovered from gilts consuming the high pre-mating diet had more cells (13.501 v. 13.006 log cells; SED = 0.23; P = 0.05), greater production of CO2 from glucose (2.19 v. 1.23 log pmol(-1) blastocyst(-1) 3 h(-1), SED = 0.42; P = 0.05) and a lower within-litter standard deviation in blastocyst surface area (0.66 v. 1.18 log mm(2), SED = 0.24; = 0.04) compared with gilts fed the maintenance pre-mating diet. Collectively, these data suggest that a nutritional strategy that increases embryo survival is also associated with an increase in individual blastocyst cell number and reduced within-litter variability in blastocyst size. C1 Rowett Res Inst, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Ashworth, CJ (reprint author), SAC, Dept Appl Physiol, Craibstone Estate, Aberdeen AB21 9YA, Scotland. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 1999 VL 11 IS 6 BP 323 EP 327 DI 10.1071/RD99040 PG 5 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 337HV UT WOS:000088352100003 PM 10972300 ER PT J AU Garrett, WM Guthrie, HD AF Garrett, WM Guthrie, HD TI Expression of Bcl-2 and 3-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase protein during oocyte and follicle development in fetal and post-natal pig ovaries SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE cell proliferation associated nuclear antigen; folliculogenesis; immunohistochemistry; Ki-67; swine ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; GRANULOSA-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; ANTIBODY KI-67; RAT OVARY; APOPTOSIS; ATRESIA; ANTIGEN; PROLIFERATION; FAMILY AB The fetal and post-natal development of the pig ovary involves both proliferation and apoptotic loss of germ cells, follicle formation and growth, and the initiation of oocyte meiotic maturation. The present study measured the expression of the proto-oncogene Bcl-2 immunohistochemically on paraffin sections of pig ovaries to determine its relationship with folliculogenesis on Days 50 and 80 post coitum (p,c.) and on Days 1, 21, and 56 post partum (p.p.). The expression of the steroidogenic enzyme 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta HSD) was used to determine the lineages of the cells forming the ovarian follicles, and the expression of the cell proliferation-associated nuclear antigen Ki-67 was used to determine germ cell proliferation and the initiation of follicle growth. Expression of Ki-67 showed that many oogonia were proliferating on Days 50 and 80 p.c. Granulosa cells were more proliferative on Day 56 p.p. than at any other stage; Ki-67 was expressed in 70% of growing follicles and granulosa cells had a 3% mean staining index per section. Less than 4% of germ cells and follicles had morphological signs of degeneration during the period of the study. Bcl-2 was most abundant on Days 21 p.p. and 56 p.p.; staining was localized to stromal cells among follicles and in small clusters in the cortical-medullary junction (CMJ). 3 beta HSD staining on Day 50 p,c. was seen in cords of stromal cells within the medulla of the ovary, and in the stromal cells investing the oogonial nests. On Days 80 p.c., 1 p.p., 21 p.p., and 56 p.p., 3 beta HSD was expressed in the granulosa cells of primary or primordial follicles at the CMJ. Production of Bcl-2 by somatic cells may support germ cell and preantral follicle survival. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Germplasm & GAmete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Guthrie, HD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Germplasm & GAmete Physiol Lab, Bldg 200, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 1999 VL 11 IS 7-8 BP 463 EP 470 DI 10.1071/RD00003 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 362KX UT WOS:000089778100013 PM 11101284 ER PT B AU Staab, CA Morrison, ML AF Staab, CA Morrison, ML BE Morrison, ML Hall, LS Robinson, SK Rothstein, SI Hahn, DC Rich, TD TI Managing riparian vegetation to control cowbirds SO RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT OF THE BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD IN WESTERN LANDSCAPES SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Research and Management of the Brown-Headed Cowbird in Western Landscapes CY OCT 23-25, 1997 CL SACRAMENTO, CA SP US Bur Land Management, USGS Biol Resources Div, Partners Flight Res Working Grp, California State Univ, Sacramento, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Fresno, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Sacramento, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, USGS Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Soc, W Sect, Cooper Ornithol Soc DE Arizona; avian reproduction; brood parasitism; Brown-headed Cowbird; host selection; microhabitat; Molothrus ater; nest selection; riparian AB Management strategies are needed to reduce the rate at which Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) parasitize their hosts. We investigated whether vegetation management could be used to reduce parasitism by seeking differences in nest-site microhabitats of hosts in a riparian area of central Arizona. During 1993 and 1994, we quantified vegetation characteristics in 0.04 ha plots centered on 128 nests of four commonly parasitized species and four infrequently parasitized species. We compared characteristics between parasitized and unparasitized nests of common hosts, and between nests of common and infrequent hosts. Factors associated with likelihood of parasitization were vegetation volume at nest, size of nest substrate, distance from nest to visual obstruction below nest, and presence of large trees near the nest. Whether nests belonged to common hosts or infrequent hosts was best predicted by nest height. Our results indicate riparian areas can be managed for large trees and numerous shrubs when the goal is to reduce parasitization. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Prescott Natl Forest, Chino Valley, AZ 86323 USA. RP Staab, CA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Prescott Natl Forest, Chino Valley, AZ 86323 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 1-891276-06-9 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 1999 IS 18 BP 18 EP 22 PG 3 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BN33Z UT WOS:000081665400004 ER PT B AU Hejl, SJ Young, JS AF Hejl, SJ Young, JS BE Morrison, ML Hall, LS Robinson, SK Rothstein, SI Hahn, DC Rich, TD TI Brown-headed Cowbirds in ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir-dominated landscapes in the northern Rocky Mountains SO RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT OF THE BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD IN WESTERN LANDSCAPES SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Research and Management of the Brown-Headed Cowbird in Western Landscapes CY OCT 23-25, 1997 CL SACRAMENTO, CA SP US Bur Land Management, USGS Biol Resources Div, Partners Flight Res Working Grp, California State Univ, Sacramento, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Fresno, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Sacramento, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, USGS Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Soc, W Sect, Cooper Ornithol Soc DE Brown-headed Cowbird; Douglas-fir; landscapes; mature second growth; Molothrus ater; old growth; ponderosa pine AB Little is known about the habitat and landscape associations of Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) within conifer-dominated landscapes in the northern Rocky Mountains. We counted Brown-headed Cowbirds in 16 mature second-growth and 16 old-growth ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)/Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests in western Montana and eastern Idaho during the breeding seasons of 1989, 1990, and 1991. We used aerial photo interpretation and ground-truthing to establish the landscape conditions surrounding each stand, and examined cowbird-habitat relations at two spatial scales: stand (mean = 143 ha) and landscape (518 ha). Both second-growth and old-growth stands were located in landscapes composed primarily of forest. Second-growth stands were closer to more agricultural land. The amount of forest land, open land, grassland, recent logging, riparian habitat, and residences did not differ between landscapes surrounding both stand types. Brown-headed Cowbirds were more abundant in mature second-growth stands and in landscapes with more mature forest (naturally occurring and second growth), open land (agricultural land and grassland), and deciduous riparian habitat, and less old-growth forest. Neither forest cover (including all ages of conifer forest), logged openings, residences, nor elevation were important predictors of cowbird numbers. Our results suggest that landscape context was more important in determining cowbird numbers than stand attributes in pine-fir forests at the scale we examined. The strong negative relationship between cowbirds and landscapes with more old-growth implies that pristine landscapes had fewer cowbirds. We believe that amount of and distance from feeding sources are prime determinants of cowbird numbers in these landscapes, and that landscape features such as agricultural land and grassland sometimes represent feeding sources. In addition, cowbird numbers may be greater in pine-fir forests near riparian areas as a "spillover effect": cowbirds are attracted to riparian areas since they are dense with potential hosts and venture into nearby conifer forests secondarily. These hypotheses need to be tested in future studies. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Hejl, SJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 1-891276-06-9 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 1999 IS 18 BP 73 EP 79 PG 3 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BN33Z UT WOS:000081665400011 ER PT B AU Purcell, KL Verner, J AF Purcell, KL Verner, J BE Morrison, ML Hall, LS Robinson, SK Rothstein, SI Hahn, DC Rich, TD TI Abundance and rates of brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds over an elevational gradient in the southern Sierra Nevada SO RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT OF THE BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD IN WESTERN LANDSCAPES SE Studies in Avian Biology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Research and Management of the Brown-Headed Cowbird in Western Landscapes CY OCT 23-25, 1997 CL SACRAMENTO, CA SP US Bur Land Management, USGS Biol Resources Div, Partners Flight Res Working Grp, California State Univ, Sacramento, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Fresno, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Sacramento, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, USGS Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Soc, W Sect, Cooper Ornithol Soc DE Black-throated Gray Warbler; brood parasitism; Brown-headed Cowbird; bird species richness; Cassin's Vireo; Dendroica nigrescens; elevation; Molothrus ater; ponderosa pine; Sierra Nevada; Vireo cassinii AB We studied Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism rates in four forest types (ponderosa pine, mixed conifer, true fir, and lodgepole pine) over an elevational gradient in the southern Sierra Nevada. Cowbirds were most abundant and parasitism rates were highest at the lowest sites. All but one of 17 parasitized nests were found in the ponderosa pine type and cowbirds were detected only in ponderosa pine and mixed-conifer forest types. A hypothesis that cowbird breeding and egg laying are limited by late release of livestock at higher elevations was not rejected. Data also supported a second hypothesis-that host abundance and richness influence cowbird abundance and parasitism rates. Bird species richness was a better predictor of cowbird abundance than abundance (total count per plot per year, pooled across species), and models including all passerines were better predictors than models with only host species. Brood parasitism rates were low overall, although rates for Warbling Vireos (Vireo gilvus), Cassin's Vireos (Vireo cassinii), and Black-throated Gray Warblers (Dendroica nigrescens) were high enough to warrant some concern. We recommend continued monitoring of cowbird parasitism rates for these three species in the Sierra Nevada. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. RP Purcell, KL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 2081 E Sierra Ave, Fresno, CA 93710 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 1-891276-06-9 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL JI Stud. Avian Biol. PY 1999 IS 18 BP 97 EP 103 PG 3 WC Ecology; Ornithology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA BN33Z UT WOS:000081665400015 ER PT B AU Finch, DM Whitney, JC AF Finch, DM Whitney, JC GP USDA USDA USDA TI Rio Grande ecosystems: Proceedings introduction SO RIO GRANDE ECOSYSTEMS: LINKING LAND, WATER, AND PEOPLE: TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR THE MIDDLE RIO GRANDE BASIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Workshop on Rio Grande Ecosystems - Linking Land, Water, and People CY JUN 02-05, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Fish & Wildlife Serv Bosque Improvement Grp C1 US Forest Serv, Rio Grande Basin Res Work Unit, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Finch, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rio Grande Basin Res Work Unit, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA PY 1999 BP 3 EP 4 PG 2 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BN45S UT WOS:000081958400001 ER PT B AU Tainter, JA AF Tainter, JA GP USDA USDA USDA TI Rio Grande Basin and the modern world: Understanding scale and context SO RIO GRANDE ECOSYSTEMS: LINKING LAND, WATER, AND PEOPLE: TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR THE MIDDLE RIO GRANDE BASIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Workshop on Rio Grande Ecosystems - Linking Land, Water, and People CY JUN 02-05, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Fish & Wildlife Serv Bosque Improvement Grp AB Environmental problems are social issues, embedded in economic and political contexts at the local, regional, national, and global levels. Placing environmental issues on the scale from local to global clarifies conflicts between the level at which problems originate and the level at which they must be addressed. Local issues today often originate in sources distant in time and space, increasing the difficulty of discerning and addressing them. Conflicts in environmental management can be approached by understanding their broader context and the appropriate level at which to manage them. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Tainter, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA PY 1999 BP 7 EP 11 PG 5 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BN45S UT WOS:000081958400002 ER PT B AU Periman, RD AF Periman, RD GP USDA USDA USDA TI Dynamic human landscapes of the Rio del Oso: Restoration and the simulation of past ecological conditions in the upper Rio Grande Basin SO RIO GRANDE ECOSYSTEMS: LINKING LAND, WATER, AND PEOPLE: TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR THE MIDDLE RIO GRANDE BASIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Workshop on Rio Grande Ecosystems - Linking Land, Water, and People CY JUN 02-05, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Fish & Wildlife Serv Bosque Improvement Grp ID AMERICA AB The successful restoration of riparian ecosystems to sustainable conditions requires that we understand the dynamic historical relationships between humans and the environment. Research is needed that measures the continuing effects of past human activities on contemporary ecosystem structure and function. An interdisciplinary approach is needed that incorporates expertise from archaeology, paleoecology, plant ecology, and geology. In this paper, I discuss how prehistoric peoples have altered ecological processes and changed the vegetation and overall physiography of northern New Mexico's Rio del Oso Valley. In the Rio del Oso study, we are using paleobotanical, sedimentary, archaeological, and historical data sets to reconstruct past vegetational structure and function, and to identify the cumulative influences of past human activities on today's ecosystems. This information is used to generate three dimensional simulations of environmental conditions through time. These computer reconstructions and analyses of past landscapes will give land managers a greater range of information for use in planning, decision making, and restoration. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Cultural Heritage Work Unit, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Periman, RD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Cultural Heritage Work Unit, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA PY 1999 BP 12 EP 19 PG 8 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BN45S UT WOS:000081958400003 ER PT B AU Raish, C AF Raish, C GP USDA USDA USDA TI Espanola/Canjilon pilot study: Economic, social, and cultural aspects of public land grazing on the Santa Fe and Carson National Forests SO RIO GRANDE ECOSYSTEMS: LINKING LAND, WATER, AND PEOPLE: TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR THE MIDDLE RIO GRANDE BASIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Workshop on Rio Grande Ecosystems - Linking Land, Water, and People CY JUN 02-05, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Fish & Wildlife Serv Bosque Improvement Grp AB Many of the livestock grazing permittees on the Carson and Santa Fe National Forests in northern New Mexico are descendants of Hispanic settlers who have farmed and ranched in the region for 400 years. Much of the permitted land was formerly owned or used by local communities under Spanish and Mexican land grants. Cultural differences and historical issues of land ownership and use contribute to disagreements between permittees and federal land managers. This study will examine current economic. social, and cultural aspects of livestock ownership by these permittees to help agency managers administer the lands with increased effectiveness by promoting greater cultural understanding. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Raish, C (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA PY 1999 BP 35 EP 38 PG 4 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BN45S UT WOS:000081958400007 ER PT B AU Potter, DU AF Potter, DU GP USDA USDA USDA TI Applications for predicting precipitation and vegetation patterns at landscape scale using lightning strike data SO RIO GRANDE ECOSYSTEMS: LINKING LAND, WATER, AND PEOPLE: TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR THE MIDDLE RIO GRANDE BASIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Workshop on Rio Grande Ecosystems - Linking Land, Water, and People CY JUN 02-05, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Fish & Wildlife Serv Bosque Improvement Grp ID MOISTURE AB Previous publications discussed the results of my dissertation research on relationships between seasonality in precipitation and vegetation patterns at landscape scale. Summer precipitation at a study site in the Zuni Mountains, NM, was predicted from lightning strike and relative humidity data using multiple regression. Summer precipitation patterns were mapped using a Geographic Information System (GIS). Winter precipitation and vegetative cover were obtained from the Terrestrial Ecosystem Survey (TES). Finally, winter and summer precipitation amounts and their percent of annual precipitation were compared to grass and tree cover. Results indicated that winter precipitation influenced tree cover. Grass cover dominated by Bouteloua gracilis was most closely related to summer precipitation. Grass cover dominated by Festuca arizonica was most closely related to winter precipitation. This manuscript presents a synthesis of the dissertation research. It discusses how land managers can use lightning strike data and TES information. Ecosystem management applications for predicting precipitation and vegetation patterns at landscape scale are explored. For example, vegetation regeneration may be more successful if precipitation patterns are known. Understanding relationships between vegetation and precipitation patterns can also be used to assess the behavior of fire and for restoring disturbed areas. Additional research at landscape scale could improve our understanding of potential changes in vegetation patterns due to climatic warming. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Potter, DU (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 517 Gold Ave SW, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA PY 1999 BP 112 EP 115 PG 4 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BN45S UT WOS:000081958400021 ER PT B AU Loftin, SR AF Loftin, SR GP USDA USDA USDA TI Trial by fire: Restoration of Middle Rio Grande upland ecosystems SO RIO GRANDE ECOSYSTEMS: LINKING LAND, WATER, AND PEOPLE: TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR THE MIDDLE RIO GRANDE BASIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Workshop on Rio Grande Ecosystems - Linking Land, Water, and People CY JUN 02-05, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Fish & Wildlife Serv Bosque Improvement Grp AB The majority of upland ecosystems (desert scrub, grassland, pinyon-juniper, ponderosa pine and higher elevation conifer forests) in the Middle Rio Grande Basin were historically dependent on periodic fire to maintain their composition, productivity, and distribution. The cultural practices of European man have altered the function, structure, and composition of virtually all Middle Rio Grande Basin ecosystems. Centuries of widespread livestock grazing has altered natural fire frequencies and intensities in upland habitat types. Fire suppression has lead to an increase in woody plant abundance on many upland sites, from grassland to ponderosa pine forests. The negative consequences range from increased surface runoff and soil erosion in grasslands, shrublands and pinyon-juniper woodlands to increased potential for severe wildfire in ponderosa pine forests. The goal of restoration in these systems is to reintroduce fire. Unfortunately, due to varying levels of degradation, it may not be possible, or reasonable, to simply burn areas and expect them to recover their former attributes. Successful restoration requires some knowledge of the extent of degradation and the potential for recovery. I will discuss the process of identifying problems, determining land status, and defining realistic objectives. I will present three case studies as examples of ecosystems in different stages of degradation that required different restoration procedures for reintroduction of fire. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Loftin, SR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA PY 1999 BP 119 EP 122 PG 4 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BN45S UT WOS:000081958400022 ER PT B AU Dreesen, DR Fenchel, GA Fraser, JG AF Dreesen, DR Fenchel, GA Fraser, JG GP USDA USDA USDA TI Establishment of Rio Grande cottonwood seedlings using micro-irrigation of xeric flood plain sites SO RIO GRANDE ECOSYSTEMS: LINKING LAND, WATER, AND PEOPLE: TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR THE MIDDLE RIO GRANDE BASIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Workshop on Rio Grande Ecosystems - Linking Land, Water, and People CY JUN 02-05, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Fish & Wildlife Serv Bosque Improvement Grp AB Flood control, irrigation structures, and flow control practices on the Middle Rio Grande have prevented the deposition of sediments and hydrologic conditions conducive to the germination and establishment of Rio Grande cottonwood (Populus fremontii S. Wats.). The Los Lunas Plant Materials Center has been investigating the use of micro-irrigation systems on xeric flood plain sites to promote regeneration from natural cottonwood seed dispersal. The initial study showed no establishment benefits resulting from organic-rich substrates Versus indigenous mineral surface soil. In the second study, three emitter types (53 L/hr spitter, 14 L/hr spitter, 24 L/hr bubbler) produced mean wetted soil surface areas of 2.7, 0.58, and 0.33 m(2), respectively, and median seedling counts per plot of 70, 29, and 16, respectively. In the initial study, the plots with the greatest cottonwood seedling density after one growing season contained 22 seedlings/m(2) (15 cm height) without weed control (infested with Kochia scoparia (L.) Roth) and 86 seedlings/m(2) (69 cm height) with weed control. Primary weed pests in the second study were Tamarix, Cenchrus, and Artemisia species; weed infested plots had 35 to 45 percent fewer seedlings than plots with weed control after one growing season. Technology development will concentrate on reducing labor costs for irrigation operation and weed control, the major costs in applying this technology. Micro-irrigation technology offers an alternative method of managed cottonwood regeneration for sites where flood irrigation or pole plantings are not practical because of economic, engineering, water use, or jurisdictional constraints. C1 Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Los Lunas Plant Mat Ctr, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. RP Dreesen, DR (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Los Lunas Plant Mat Ctr, 1036 Miller St SW, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA PY 1999 BP 151 EP 157 PG 7 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BN45S UT WOS:000081958400028 ER PT B AU Rosen, J Jemison, R Pawelek, D Neary, D AF Rosen, J Jemison, R Pawelek, D Neary, D GP USDA USDA USDA TI Using GIS technology to analyze and understand wet meadow ecosystems SO RIO GRANDE ECOSYSTEMS: LINKING LAND, WATER, AND PEOPLE: TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR THE MIDDLE RIO GRANDE BASIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Workshop on Rio Grande Ecosystems - Linking Land, Water, and People CY JUN 02-05, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Fish & Wildlife Serv Bosque Improvement Grp AB A Cibola National Forest wet meadow restoration was implemented as part of the Forest Road 49 enhancement near Grants. New Mexico. An Arc/View 3.0 Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to track the recovery of this ecosystem. Layers on topography, hydrology, vegetation, soils and human alterations were compiled using a GPS and commonly available data. Cartographic information allows visual interaction of natural features that could not be interpreted from tabular data sets. First results indicate that stream confinements by the railroad trestle, old channel fill, old two-track roads, Forest Road 49, and mis-graded construction affected the flow and location of spring floodwaters in 1998. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Rosen, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA PY 1999 BP 175 EP 179 PG 5 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BN45S UT WOS:000081958400032 ER PT B AU Chung-MacCoubrey, A AF Chung-MacCoubrey, A GP USDA USDA USDA TI Maternity roosts of bats at the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge: A preliminary report SO RIO GRANDE ECOSYSTEMS: LINKING LAND, WATER, AND PEOPLE: TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR THE MIDDLE RIO GRANDE BASIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Workshop on Rio Grande Ecosystems - Linking Land, Water, and People CY JUN 02-05, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Fish & Wildlife Serv Bosque Improvement Grp AB Historic and recent changes in the structure, composition, and distribution of riparian forests have likely influenced populations of bats through their effects on habitat quality for reproductive females. This project seeks to identify natural structures used by maternity colonies, determine criteria used in the selection of these roosts, and interpret how historic and current human activities may positively or negatively impact bat populations in the bosque. This paper reports first season results from this ongoing project. Thirteen reproductive female bats (5 little brown myotis, 5 Yuma myotis, 1 red bat, and 2 pallid bats) captured on the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge in the summer of 1997 were radiotracked daily to their maternity roosts. Four little brown and Yuma myotis colony roosts were found. Colony size ranged from 90 to over 1800 bats. Two colonies were in manmade structures. Two other colonies and numerous solitary roosts were found in natural structures (dead cottonwoods). A pallid bat roosted in a rocky butte, and the red bat roosted in the foliage of a large, live cottonwood. Six of the nine tree roosts were in burned areas of forests directly along the river. Individuals and colonies of little brown and Yuma myotis used under-bark crevices and snags rather than more permanent types of roosts. Additional data from subsequent years will help determine whether the use of ephemeral bark roosts, snags, and riverside forests are characteristic of bat roost selection in the bosque. C1 USDA, Rocky Mountain Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Chung-MacCoubrey, A (reprint author), USDA, Rocky Mountain Res Stn, 2205 Columbia SE, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA PY 1999 BP 187 EP 190 PG 4 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BN45S UT WOS:000081958400034 ER PT B AU Means, MD Finch, DM AF Means, MD Finch, DM GP USDA USDA USDA TI Bird migration through middle Rio Grande riparian forests, 1994 to 1997 SO RIO GRANDE ECOSYSTEMS: LINKING LAND, WATER, AND PEOPLE: TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR THE MIDDLE RIO GRANDE BASIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Workshop on Rio Grande Ecosystems - Linking Land, Water, and People CY JUN 02-05, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Fish & Wildlife Serv Bosque Improvement Grp AB Expanding human populations in the middle Rio Grande have increased demands on water, land, and other resources, potentially disrupting bird migration activities. From 1994 to 1997, a total of 26,350 birds of 157 species were banded and studied. Results include species composition, timing of migration, and habitat use. Recommendations for managers are included. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Means, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2205 Columbia SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA PY 1999 BP 191 EP 196 PG 6 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BN45S UT WOS:000081958400035 ER PT B AU Finch, DM Kelly, JF AF Finch, DM Kelly, JF GP USDA USDA USDA TI Status and migration of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher in New Mexico SO RIO GRANDE ECOSYSTEMS: LINKING LAND, WATER, AND PEOPLE: TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR THE MIDDLE RIO GRANDE BASIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Workshop on Rio Grande Ecosystems - Linking Land, Water, and People CY JUN 02-05, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Fish & Wildlife Serv Bosque Improvement Grp AB In the Southwestern United States, recent degradation of riparian habitats has been linked to decline of the Southwestern subspecies of the Willow Flycatcher. During a 2-year banding effort, migration patterns and bird fat content were analyzed. Recommendations for managers, and outlines for conservation plans, are included. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Finch, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2205 Columbia SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RI Kelly, Jeffrey/B-2029-2015 OI Kelly, Jeffrey/0000-0002-8255-7990 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA PY 1999 BP 197 EP 203 PG 7 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BN45S UT WOS:000081958400036 ER PT B AU Cartron, JLE Stoleson, SH Johnson, RR AF Cartron, JLE Stoleson, SH Johnson, RR GP USDA USDA USDA TI Riparian dependence, biogeographic status, and likelihood of endangerment in landbirds of the Southwest SO RIO GRANDE ECOSYSTEMS: LINKING LAND, WATER, AND PEOPLE: TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR THE MIDDLE RIO GRANDE BASIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Workshop on Rio Grande Ecosystems - Linking Land, Water, and People CY JUN 02-05, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Fish & Wildlife Serv Bosque Improvement Grp ID ABUNDANCE; POPULATION AB Riparian habitats and wetlands represent less than 2 percent of the land area of the Southwest, but they support the highest density and abundance of plants and animals in that region (Dahms and Geils 1997). Since the latter part of the 19th century, riparian and wetland ecosystems have been severely impacted by human activities such as woodcutting, mining, livestock grazing, and water diversion and pumping (Phillips and Monson 1964, Johnson and Carothers 1982, Tellman and others 1997). In this paper, we examine the likelihood of species endangerment in obligate and preferential riparian-nesting landbirds of the Southwest. Population trends are also reviewed with respect to biogeography, as we distinguish between birds that reach the end of their distribution in the Southwest and those that do not. We report local extirpations and/or population declines for a higher proportion of those species occurring at the northern periphery of their geographic range. We also show an increased likelihood of endanger ment for obligate vs, preferential riparian birds. Ultimately, the large number of Southwestern species depending on riparian habitats and/or represented by peripheral populations only underscores the sensitivity of the regional avifauna to riparian habitat degradation. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Cartron, JLE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA PY 1999 BP 211 EP 215 PG 5 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BN45S UT WOS:000081958400038 ER PT B AU Calamusso, B Rinne, JN AF Calamusso, B Rinne, JN GP USDA USDA USDA TI Native montane fishes of the Middle Rio Grande Ecosystem: Status, threats, and conservation SO RIO GRANDE ECOSYSTEMS: LINKING LAND, WATER, AND PEOPLE: TOWARD A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR THE MIDDLE RIO GRANDE BASIN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium and Workshop on Rio Grande Ecosystems - Linking Land, Water, and People CY JUN 02-05, 1998 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Fish & Wildlife Serv Bosque Improvement Grp AB Between 1994 and 1997, research was conducted on three native, montane species of the Middle Rio Grande Ecosystem, in the Carson and Santa Fe national forests. The focus of study was on abiotic and biotic factors that affected status, distribution, biology and habitat of these species. Results of study suggest negative interactions with non-native species and, secondarily, habitat loss as the main factors contributing to the decline of these three native species. An inverse relationship in relative abundance between Rio Grande cutthroat trout and brown trout, extirpation of Rio Grande sucker when in sympatry with white sucker, and predation experiments documenting brown trout as efficient predators of juveniles of all three species, document both the real and potential impact of non-native species. To sustain the Rio Grande cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki virginalis), and the Rio Grande sucker (Catostomus plebeius) and chub (Gila pandora) we must 1) protect stocks of native fishes with barriers to migration of non-native fishes, 2) renovate and restock streams with native fish assemblages, and 3) conduct management strategies on a watershed scale to facilitate inter-mixing of populations and subsequent gene flow, and enhance the degree of security of populations in the presence of stochastic natural disasters. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Calamusso, B (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA PY 1999 BP 231 EP 237 PG 7 WC Ecology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BN45S UT WOS:000081958400041 ER PT J AU Scholthof, KBG Jones, RW Jackson, AO AF Scholthof, KBG Jones, RW Jackson, AO TI Biology and structure of plant satellite viruses activated by icosahedral helper viruses SO SATELLITES AND DEFECTIVE VIRAL RNAS SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID TOBACCO NECROSIS VIRUS; PANICUM MOSAIC-VIRUS; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CAP-INDEPENDENT TRANSLATION; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; STRAIN-D; RNA; REPLICATION; GENOME; MAIZE C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Scholthof, KBG (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 59 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 1999 VL 239 BP 123 EP 143 PG 21 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BN77V UT WOS:000082902600007 PM 9893372 ER PT B AU Derrig, MJ Cahill, SK Whitley, MG Villanueva, G AF Derrig, MJ Cahill, SK Whitley, MG Villanueva, G BE Kendy, E TI Water quality & forest road management in the Lake Tahoe Basin SO SCIENCE INTO POLICY: WATER IN THE PUBLIC REALM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual AWRA Summer Specialty Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 1999 CL BOZEMAN, MT SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Bio West Inc, Montana St Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Dover Habitat Restorat, LLC, Drake Engn Inc, Inter Fluve Inc, Lewis & Clark County Water Quality Protect Dist, Montana Comm Humanities, Montana Cultural Trust, Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks, Montana Dept Agr, Montana St Univ, Montana Water Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Water Management Bur DE water quality; forest roads; risk assessment AB Lake Tahoe, located high in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California and Nevada, is widely recognized as a national treasure and has been congressionally designated as an "Outstanding National Resource Water." Currently, the Lake's famed clarity is decreasing by an average of 1.5 feet per year. In 1998, the USDA Forest Service, Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit began addressing water quality impacts associated with Forest Service roads in the Lake Tahoe Basin. Unsurfaced roads have been identified as a source of nutrients (primarily phosphorus) which impact lake clarity by increasing primary productivity through erosional processes and atmospheric deposition by fugitive dust. As a first step, an Access and Travel Management Plan (ATM) was initiated. This included the development of a risk assessment quantifying each road's potential to adversely impact water quality. This provides an unbiased analysis process allowing the Forest Service to consider road need versus risk when making decisions to upgrade or decommission roads. It is also a useful tool for prioritizing road treatments given constrained budgets. Another component was the development of an interactive GIS database. This system provides an effective mechanism to store and analyze the large amounts of spatial and tabular information gathered during ATM development. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit, S Lake Tahoe, CA 96150 USA. RP Derrig, MJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit, 870 Emerald Bay Rd,Suite 1, S Lake Tahoe, CA 96150 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA BN 1-882132-46-7 PY 1999 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BP21P UT WOS:000084418600009 ER PT B AU Quinby, WA AF Quinby, WA BE Kendy, E TI Irrigation estimates: Filling in the big picture SO SCIENCE INTO POLICY: WATER IN THE PUBLIC REALM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual AWRA Summer Specialty Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 1999 CL BOZEMAN, MT SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Bio West Inc, Montana St Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Dover Habitat Restorat, LLC, Drake Engn Inc, Inter Fluve Inc, Lewis & Clark County Water Quality Protect Dist, Montana Comm Humanities, Montana Cultural Trust, Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks, Montana Dept Agr, Montana St Univ, Montana Water Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Water Management Bur DE irrigation; water use; irrigated acreage; agricultural irrigation C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Quinby, WA (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Room S4024,1800 M St NW FL4, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA BN 1-882132-46-7 PY 1999 BP 89 EP 89 PG 1 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BP21P UT WOS:000084418600017 ER PT B AU Harper, RM AF Harper, RM BE Kendy, E TI Public lands; Public water? Negotiating instream flows for the national forests in Montana SO SCIENCE INTO POLICY: WATER IN THE PUBLIC REALM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual AWRA Summer Specialty Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 1999 CL BOZEMAN, MT SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Bio West Inc, Montana St Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Dover Habitat Restorat, LLC, Drake Engn Inc, Inter Fluve Inc, Lewis & Clark County Water Quality Protect Dist, Montana Comm Humanities, Montana Cultural Trust, Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks, Montana Dept Agr, Montana St Univ, Montana Water Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Water Management Bur DE Montana; federal reserved water rights; instream flow AB The United States is negotiating with the Montana Reserved Water Rights Compact Commission for federal reserved water rights in Montana. The U.S.D.A. Forest Service is negotiating for the instream flow and consumptive use water rights necessary to manage the national forests, while the State is interested in protecting existing water rights and reserving some measure of water for future development. Public interest in this process is intense, and the range of views held by various interest groups is broad. This effort provides a significant opportunity to settle the legal rights to water necessary for public purposes in the national forests. Cooperation between the Forest Service and the State of Montana continues to be a partnership effort and technical information is shared freely between the parties. While difficult issues remain, negotiations are proceeding in sharp contrast with the litigious, divisive, and expensive adjudications in other states. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Harper, RM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 200 E Broadway, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA BN 1-882132-46-7 PY 1999 BP 207 EP 212 PG 6 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA BP21P UT WOS:000084418600038 ER PT J AU Shannon, MC Grieve, CM AF Shannon, MC Grieve, CM TI Tolerance of vegetable crops to salinity SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Review DE salt tolerance; ion composition ID MUSTARD BRASSICA-JUNCEA; SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM-L; SALT-TOLERANCE; SWISS-CHARD; NUTRIENT SOLUTION; SOIL-SALINITY; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; VEGETATIVE GROWTH; INVITRO SELECTION; DESERT CONDITIONS AB Global constraints on fresh water supplies and the need to dispose of agricultural, municipal, and industrial waste waters have intensified interest in water reuse options. In many instances, the value of the water is decreased solely because of its higher salt concentration. Although quantitative information on crop salt tolerance exists for over 130 crop species, there are many vegetables which lack definitive data. Vegetable crops are defined as herbaceous species grown for human consumption in which the edible portions consist of leaves, roots, hypocotyls, stems, petioles, and flower buds. The salt tolerance of vegetable species is important because the cash value of vegetables is usually high compared to field crops. In this review some general information is presented on how salinity affects plant growth and development and how different measurements of salinity in solution cultures, sand cultures, and field studies can be reconciled to a common basis. The salt tolerance of vegetables has been condensed and reported in a uniform format based on the best available data. Discrepancies and inconsistencies exist in some of the information due to differences in cultivars, environments, and experimental conditions. For a great number of species little or no useful information exists and there is an obvious need for research. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Shannon, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 132 TC 282 Z9 329 U1 7 U2 71 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 78 IS 1-4 BP 5 EP 38 PG 34 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 152NJ UT WOS:000077783400002 ER PT J AU Grattan, SR Grieve, CM AF Grattan, SR Grieve, CM TI Salinity mineral nutrient relations in horticultural crops SO SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Review DE crops; fertility; ion imbalance; interactions; mineral nutrients; nutrition; review; saline; salinity ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE STRESS; SOUTHERN HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY; AMMONIUM-NITRATE RATIO; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; DRY-MATTER YIELD; CHICKPEA CICER-ARIETINUM; CORN ROOT PROTOPLASTS; BLOSSOM-END ROT; SALT TOLERANCE; SUPPLEMENTAL CALCIUM AB The relations between salinity and mineral nutrition of horticultural crops are extremely complex and a complete understanding of the intricate interactions involved would require the input from a multidisciplinary team of scientists. This review addresses the nutrient elements individually and we emphasise research directed towards the organ, whole-plant and field level. We have attempted to synthesise the literature and reconcile results from experiments conducted in a variety of conditions such as soil and solution cultures, those using mixed and single-salt (only NaCl) compositions, and those conducted over short (days) and long periods (months) of time. Crop performance may be adversely affected by salinity-induced nutritional disorders. These disorders may result from the effect of salinity on nutrient availability, competitive uptake, transport or partitioning within the plant. For example, salinity reduces phosphate uptake and accumulation in crops grown in soils primarily by reducing phosphate availability but in solution cultures ion imbalances may primarily result from competitive interactions. Salinity dominated by Na+ salts not only reduces Ca2+ availability but reduces Ca2+ transport and mobility to growing regions of the plant, which affects the quality of both vegetative and reproductive organs. Salinity can directly affect nutrient uptake, such as Na+ reducing K+ uptake or by Cl- reducing NO3- uptake. Salinity can also cause a combination of complex interactions that affect plant metabolism, susceptibility to injury or internal nutrient requirement. Despite a large number of studies that demonstrate that salinity reduces nutrient uptake and accumulation or affects nutrient partitioning within the plant, little evidence exists that adding nutrients at levels above those considered optimal in non-saline environments, improves crop yield. Nutrient additions, on the other hand, have been more successful in improving crop quality such as the correction of Na-induced Ca2+ deficiencies by supplemental calcium. Nutrient additions may also reduce the incidences of injury as has been observed in the reduction of Cl-toxicity symptoms in certain tree crops by nitrate applications. It is reasonable to believe that numerous salinity-nutrient interactions occur simultaneously but whether they ultimately affect crop yield or quality depends upon the salinity level and composition of salts, the crop species, the nutrient in question and a number of environmental factors. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Grattan, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. NR 178 TC 609 Z9 667 U1 25 U2 179 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4238 J9 SCI HORTIC-AMSTERDAM JI Sci. Hortic. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 78 IS 1-4 BP 127 EP 157 PG 31 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 152NJ UT WOS:000077783400005 ER PT J AU Sorensen, FC AF Sorensen, FC TI Effect of dry storage on germination rate of seeds of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France var. menziesii) SO SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONE-STORAGE; DORMANCY; RICE AB Dry storage potentially can reduce dormancy and increase germination rate through after-ripening, or decrease germination rate through induction of secondary dormancy. The literature on conifer seed germination provides evidence, much of it circumstantial, for both. In the present study, seeds of 12 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) families were dry stored at -12 degrees C and +3 degrees C for 2 to 32 weeks (Test 1) and for 0.5 to 2 years (Test 2), and germination rates of stored were compared with unstored seeds. There was an indication of slight dormancy release (increased germination rate) with storage from 4 to 16 weeks, but not for longer periods. Storage far longer than one year at 3 degrees C decreased germination rate, possibly due to incipient seed deterioration. Some family x storage interactions were significant, but family main effects were much larger than all other treatment effects and interactions. It is concluded for Douglas-fir seeds that differences in duration of dry storage may be ignored when evaluating genetic and other treatment effects on germination rate and probably on other measures of dormancy level. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Fdn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Sorensen, FC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Fdn, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ISTA PI ZURICH PA RECKENHOLZ PO BOX 412, CH-8046 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-0952 J9 SEED SCI TECHNOL JI Seed Sci. Technol. PY 1999 VL 27 IS 1 BP 91 EP 99 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 225TE UT WOS:000081977800009 ER PT J AU Tischler, CR Burson, BL AF Tischler, CR Burson, BL TI Seed dormancy and germination of dallisgrass, Paspalum dilatatum, stored under differing conditions SO SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRESS AB Common dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.) is an important forage grass used throughout many of the warmer regions of the world. Dallisgrass seed lots normally contain a low percentage of fully-developed caryopses. The objectives of this study were to compare the percent developed caryopses and germinability of seed harvested in different years from Four dallisgrass biotypes (common, Uruguayan, Uruguaiana and yellow-anthered), to determine effects of storage conditions on seed germination of the biotypes and to determine the effect of acid treatment for improving germination. Seeds were harvested from a field nursery at Temple, Texas, in June 1988, October 1990 and June 1991. Immediately after harvest, untreated and sulphuric acid (H2SO4)-treated seed were germinated. Yellow-anthered dallisgrass seed consistently had the highest percent developed caryopses (mean of 90% over three years), while values for common dallisgrass never exceeded 38%, similar to the other two biotypes. Germination of freshly-harvested seed varied by biotype and harvest date. Seed lots collected in 1988 were divided into two subsamples and stored. Germination of seed stored for 2 yr at 7 degrees C was lower (and significantly so for two biotypes) than corresponding seed stored at room temperature. Results from this study indicate that (1) storage at room temperature (26 degrees C) was preferable to storage at 7 degrees C, (2) yellow-anthered dallisgrass had a high percentage of mature caryopses, while values for the other three biotypes were similar, and (3) acid treatments increased germination of both fresh and stored seed of the four biotypes. C1 ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Tischler, CR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ISTA PI ZURICH PA RECKENHOLZ PO BOX 412, CH-8046 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-0952 J9 SEED SCI TECHNOL JI Seed Sci. Technol. PY 1999 VL 27 IS 1 BP 263 EP 271 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 225TE UT WOS:000081977800020 ER PT J AU Yaklich, RW Wergin, WP Erbe, EF Murphy, C AF Yaklich, RW Wergin, WP Erbe, EF Murphy, C TI Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the soybean carpel pericarp SO SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZATION AB The pericarp (pod wall) of the carpel (pod) of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] was examined by conventional and low temperature scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The pericarp consists of an exocarp of a single layer of epidermal cells whose surface contains clavate and setaceous trichomes, a cuticle and elevated stomates, and a single layer of fusiform hypodermal cells with thick, sclerified walls. The mesocarp consists of 10 to 14 rows of parenchyma cells that are about twice as long as they are wide. The endocarp, consists of two types of sclerenchyma cells, aerenchyma, and an inner epidermis of parenchyma cells. The two layers of sclerenchyma are thick-walled with the upper layer hexagonal in cross section, shorter and more blunt than the lower sclerenchyma that are longer, fusiform and spherical in shape. The aerenchyma cells are lobed, irregular, tubular cells. The inner epidermis of parenchyma cells appear to be homogeneous and isodiametric in size. The cell walls were the most conspicuous structures of the pericarp, and the vacuole was the most prominent organelle. Chloroplasts were found in all of the cell types during development. The different cell types in the carpel were differentiated early in development and further growth consisted of cell maturation. The results suggest that the fine structure of the carpel cells is typical of plant cells with similar function. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Yaklich, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISTA PI ZURICH PA RECKENHOLZ PO BOX 412, CH-8046 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-0952 J9 SEED SCI TECHNOL JI Seed Sci. Technol. PY 1999 VL 27 IS 2 BP 579 EP 590 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 272GA UT WOS:000084641100015 ER PT J AU Bonner, FT AF Bonner, FT TI Viability equations for forest tree seeds SO SEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONGEVITY AB Viability equations based on 10 years of storage data for four forest tree species (Pinus taeda L., P. elliottii Engelm., Liquidambar styraiflua L,., and Platanus occidentalis L.) have been updated with 5 additional years of data. For the most part, the additional 5 years did not improve the equations for these species. Viability equations based on 5 years of storage are reported for green ash (Fraximus pennsylvanica L.) and flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.); results were similar to those of the first four and to equations published elsewhere for other forest tree species. There was no strong relationship between lipid content of embryo and storage tissues and the moisture coefficients (C-W) of these species as suggested by other workers. Work of this nature with tree seeds, or with any species collected from wild populations, will always be difficult because of variable stages of maturity at collection, large numbers of empty seeds, and variable degrees of dormancy. C1 USDA, Forest Serv Retired, Starkville, MS 39760 USA. RP Bonner, FT (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv Retired, POB 928, Starkville, MS 39760 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISTA PI ZURICH PA RECKENHOLZ PO BOX 412, CH-8046 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-0952 J9 SEED SCI TECHNOL JI Seed Sci. Technol. PY 1999 VL 27 IS 3 BP 981 EP 989 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 284TX UT WOS:000085349500020 ER PT S AU Bassel, JR Edwards, A Leibbrand, L Keller, G Dauer, W AF Bassel, JR Edwards, A Leibbrand, L Keller, G Dauer, W GP NRC TI Three road-crushing demonstration projects SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW-VOLUME ROADS 1999, VOL 1: PLANNING, ADMINISTRATION, AND ENVIRONMENT; DESIGN; MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE; OPERATIONS AND SAFETY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Low-Volume Roads CY MAY 23-26, 1999 CL BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA SP Transportat Res Board AB At the Sixth International Conference on Low-Volume Roads Yves Provencher, Forest Engineering Research Institute of Canada, presented a paper on the F.A.H.R. rock crusher mounted to a front-end loader. At the same time the Coronado National Forest in Arizona was renting a F.A.H.R, rock crusher for an in-place road-crushing project. In 1997 San Dimas Technology and Development Center, in partnership with the Coronado National Forest, sponsored two demonstration projects to further test the crusher at unique locations to gain additional information from actual field trials. These projects were located on the Rio Grande National Forest in Colorado and the Plumas National Forest in California. The three projects are described here, with results and conclusions gained from the demonstration projects. The concentration is on the characteristics of the processed material. Samples taken from windrows during the crushing operation were tested to determine hardness and gradations before and after crushing. Cost varied from $8 to $26 per mi including roadbed preparation, crushing, and blading. Rocks and boulders to 405-mm maximum size were crushed. The processed material has a maximum size of 50 to 75 mm. The product produced by the crusher offers a viable alternative for aggregate on a road surface, particularly as a road surface cushion material, where the quality and expense of standard crushed aggregate, such as base course material, are not needed on low-volume roads. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, San Dimas Technol & Dev Ctr, San Dimas, CA 91773 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Coronado Natl Forest, Tucson, AZ 85701 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Plumas Natl Forest, Quincy, CA 95971 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, San Juan Rion Grande Natl Forest, Monte Vista, CO 81144 USA. RP Bassel, JR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, San Dimas Technol & Dev Ctr, 444 E Bonita Ave, San Dimas, CA 91773 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06524-0 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 1999 IS 1652 BP 192 EP 195 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation SC Engineering; Transportation GA BN49D UT WOS:000082031300024 ER PT S AU Bolander, P AF Bolander, P GP NRC TI Laboratory testing of nontraditional additives for stabilization of roads and trail surfaces SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW-VOLUME ROADS 1999, VOL 2: PLANNING, ADMINISTRATION, AND ENVIRONMENT; DESIGN; MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE; OPERATIONS AND SAFETY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Low-Volume Roads CY MAY 23-26, 1999 CL BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA SP Transportat Res Board AB Recently the Pacific Northwest Region of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service conducted laboratory tests evaluating the expected field performance of various additives on dense-graded aggregate. Additives used in the laboratory analysis included chlorides, clay, enzymes, lignin sulfonate, synthetic polymer emulsions, and tall oil emulsions. Laboratory analysis included indirect tensile strength and durability testing on AASHTO T 99 fabricated samples. Durability was evaluated after a number of wet-dry and freeze-thaw cycles. Other variables in the study included the amount of additive and the cure (temperature and time) before testing. Findings and observations include the following: (a) Untreated dense-graded aggregate provides little tensile strength in warm dry climates. (b) Chlorides, clay additives, enzymes, and sulfonate provide some tensile strength in warm dry climates. With increasing moisture contents they lose their tensile strength. (c) Once cured, synthetic polymer and tall oil emulsions provide significant tensile strength in warm dry climates. In wet climates these additives would tend to break down with increased exposure to moisture or freezing. (d) Increasing the percent residual (solids) of the synthetic polymer emulsions and tall oil emulsions increases the tensile strength and durability of the treated material. (e) Cure temperature has a dramatic impact on tall : oil emulsions' tensile strength and durability resistance. CR The use of nontraditional additives can be cost-effective depending on the projects' objective, the type of in-place material, and the cost of the additive. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Bolander, P (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, POB 3623, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06524-0 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 1999 IS 1652 BP 24 EP 31 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation SC Engineering; Transportation GA BN49E UT WOS:000082031400004 ER PT S AU Bolander, P Chitwood, LA Steele, HM AF Bolander, P Chitwood, LA Steele, HM GP NRC TI Lessons learned from the failure of a bituminous surface treatment in central Oregon SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW-VOLUME ROADS 1999, VOL 2: PLANNING, ADMINISTRATION, AND ENVIRONMENT; DESIGN; MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE; OPERATIONS AND SAFETY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Low-Volume Roads CY MAY 23-26, 1999 CL BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA SP Transportat Res Board AB During October 1996 a 10-km-long, double-lane, two-layer bituminous surface treatment (BST) was constructed near Bend, Oregon. The bottom BST layer consisted of an application of rapid setting high float emulsion (HFRS-2) followed by an application of 19- to 12.5-mm chips. The top layer consisted of various emulsions and 13- to 6.3-mm chips. Soon after construction up to 20 large commercial timber hauling trucks per day used the road during the wettest November and December in over 20 years. By the end of December 1996 most of the top layer of chips had disappeared, large numbers of potholes had developed, and the emulsion was not adhering to the bottom layer of chips. Failure resulted from interacting factors including a dust coating on the chips, an incompatibility of emulsion and chips, cold and wet weather, and a nearly impervious base course. The following lessons were learned from this project: (a) An adequate and accurate quality control and quality assurance plan should be in place before construction. (b) In wet environments, base courses under a BST should be free draining. (c) Either cool and humid construction weather or dust coatings on the aggregate may not lead to failure, but in concert they raise the potential for failure dramatically. (d) Not all emulsions are manufactured the same. An emulsion's break and cure time may vary depending on the emulsion's additives. (e) The asphalt emulsion and aggregate must be compatible with each other at conditions expected on the road surface. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Portland, OR 97208 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Bend, OR 97701 USA. RP Bolander, P (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, POB 3623, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06524-0 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 1999 IS 1652 BP 51 EP 58 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation SC Engineering; Transportation GA BN49E UT WOS:000082031400007 ER PT S AU Powell, W Keller, GR Brunette, B AF Powell, W Keller, GR Brunette, B GP NRC TI Applications for geosynthetics on forest service low-volume roads SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW-VOLUME ROADS 1999, VOL 2: PLANNING, ADMINISTRATION, AND ENVIRONMENT; DESIGN; MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE; OPERATIONS AND SAFETY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Low-Volume Roads CY MAY 23-26, 1999 CL BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA SP Transportat Res Board AB Today's geosynthetic products have many useful, creative, and cost-effective applications for rural, low-volume roads. In the management of almost a half-million km (quarter-million mi) of low-volume roads, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (USFS), has developed and adopted many uses for geosynthetics. An overview is presented of many of those uses and their advantages. The USFS gained much of its experience and practice with geosynthetics while constructing a wide variety of Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) retaining walls, including geotextile, timber, modular-block, and tire-faced structures, and reinforced soil slopes. More recently, the USFS has used geosynthetics for MSE bridge abutments and Deep Patch road-shoulder reinforcement. Other typical geosynthetic applications include filtration, drainage, subgrade reinforcement, and erosion control. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Plumas Natl Forest, Quincy, CA 95971 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Tongass Natl Forest, Stikine Area, Petersburg, AK 99833 USA. RP Powell, W (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, POB 3623, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06524-0 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 1999 IS 1652 BP 113 EP 120 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation SC Engineering; Transportation GA BN49E UT WOS:000082031400015 ER PT S AU Kestler, MA Hanek, G Truebe, M Bolander, P AF Kestler, MA Hanek, G Truebe, M Bolander, P GP NRC TI Removing spring thaw load restrictions from low-volume roads - Development of a reliable, cost-effective method SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW-VOLUME ROADS 1999, VOL 2: PLANNING, ADMINISTRATION, AND ENVIRONMENT; DESIGN; MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE; OPERATIONS AND SAFETY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Low-Volume Roads CY MAY 23-26, 1999 CL BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA SP Transportat Res Board AB Low-volume roads in areas of seasonal freezing are highly susceptible to damage from trafficking during spring thaw. To minimize pavement damage, many agencies and states impose load restrictions during periods in which damage is most likely to occur. However, the magnitude and duration of reduced or prohibited hauling vary widely among agencies, and an optimal balance between maximizing local economy and minimizing road damage is rarely achieved. The U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service and the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory are evaluating a quantitative technique for removing load restrictions by developing correlations between pavement stiffness and soil moisture. Laboratory tests of the moisture sensors showed them to be accurate and repeatable under adverse freeze-thaw cycling. Preliminary analysis of field data showed that permanently installed time domain reflectometry and radio frequency soil moisture sensors strategically located throughout the forest road network will provide an affordable method for quantitatively determining when to remove load restrictions. Load restriction practices are reviewed, economic ramifications on the forest industry are briefly discussed, and laboratory and field test programs conducted to monitor soil moisture and pavement stiffness are outlined. In addition, instrumentation used for the study is described, observations from one of four national forest pavement test sites are presented, and the ongoing research to develop a method to remove load restrictions is discussed. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Umpqua Natl Forest, Roseburg, OR 97470 USA. Willamette Natl Forest, Eugene, OR 97440 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Reg Off, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Kestler, MA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06524-0 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 1999 IS 1652 BP 188 EP 197 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation SC Engineering; Transportation GA BN49E UT WOS:000082031400024 ER PT S AU Grace, JM AF Grace, JM GP NRC TI Erosion control techniques on forest road cutslopes and fillslopes in north Alabama SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW-VOLUME ROADS 1999, VOL 2: PLANNING, ADMINISTRATION, AND ENVIRONMENT; DESIGN; MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE; OPERATIONS AND SAFETY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Low-Volume Roads CY MAY 23-26, 1999 CL BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA SP Transportat Res Board AB Road cutslopes and fillslopes account for approximately 50 percent of the total road disturbance area on steep terrain and contribute as much as 60 percent of sediment from forest roads. The significance of erosion control techniques on these vulnerable components of the road prism has become evident in recent years. A study to gain a better understanding of erosion control techniques on road cutslopes and fillslopes is detailed. Sediment and runoff yield from three erosion control treatments and a control were investigated on west-facing 2:1 and 1.5:1 cutslopes and fillslopes, respectively, on a newly constructed road during a 30-month study. The treatments evaluated were a wood excelsior erosion mat, native species grass, and exotic species grass. Factors detected to significantly affect sediment yield from road sideslopes were treatment, time, and treatment-time interaction based on analysis of variance. Significant reductions in sediment yield and runoff were found on all treatments on both the cutslope and fillslope. The erosion mat most effectively controlled erosion losses on both slopes for all study periods. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. RP Grace, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 520 Devall Dr, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06524-0 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 1999 IS 1652 BP 227 EP 234 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation SC Engineering; Transportation GA BN49E UT WOS:000082031400028 ER PT S AU McClelland, DE Foltz, RB Falter, CM Wilson, WD Cundy, T Schuster, RL Saurbier, J Rabe, C Heinemann, R AF McClelland, DE Foltz, RB Falter, CM Wilson, WD Cundy, T Schuster, RL Saurbier, J Rabe, C Heinemann, R GP NRC TI Relative effects on a low-volume road system of landslides resulting from episodic storms in northern Idaho SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW-VOLUME ROADS 1999, VOL 2: PLANNING, ADMINISTRATION, AND ENVIRONMENT; DESIGN; MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE; OPERATIONS AND SAFETY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Low-Volume Roads CY MAY 23-26, 1999 CL BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA SP Transportat Res Board AB In late November to early December 1995 and February 1996, northern Idaho was hit by heavy rains on a deep snowpack, resulting in two flood and landslide events of historic magnitude. Each of these storms was larger than the previous significant storm, which occurred in January 1974. A study was initiated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service to survey and study the effects of the resultant landslides on the Clearwater National Forest, including the effects on the aquatic ecosystem. The results of this study were compared with the estimated average natural sediment resulting from landslides to evaluate the incremental impacts of these recent episodic landslides. They were also compared with the results of a study conducted on the landslides resulting from the January 1974 storm to determine if the landscape was responding more severely to large storms as a result of Forest Service management activities over the past 21 years. The general results of this study indicate that, of the Forest Service management activities, roads are the major contributor; however, they contribute less sediment than natural landslides. The total resultant sediment appears to be within the transport capacity of the aquatic system and the landslide response in 1974 was similar to the 1995-1996 response. The results of the aquatic ecosystem study were generally mixed, with some habitat parameters indicating degradation, some unchanged, and some improved as a result of the flooding or flooding with landslide sediment. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Potlach Corp, Lewiston, ID 83501 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Orofino, ID 83544 USA. RP McClelland, DE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, POB 7669, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06524-0 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 1999 IS 1652 BP 235 EP 243 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation SC Engineering; Transportation GA BN49E UT WOS:000082031400029 ER PT S AU Elliot, WJ Foltz, RB Luce, CH AF Elliot, WJ Foltz, RB Luce, CH GP NRC TI Modeling low-volume road erosion SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW-VOLUME ROADS 1999, VOL 2: PLANNING, ADMINISTRATION, AND ENVIRONMENT; DESIGN; MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE; OPERATIONS AND SAFETY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Low-Volume Roads CY MAY 23-26, 1999 CL BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA SP Transportat Res Board ID SOIL LOSS; SLOPE AB Low-volume roads are recognized as one of the primacy sources of sediment in many watersheds. The authors have carried out research on the details of the complex soil erosion processes occurring on low-volume roads for more than 10 years. An overview of their research summarizes the results of numerous past and ongoing field and computer modeling studies on road erosion processes and the effects of road design on road erosion. The authors have found that insloping and outsloping effects on roads are often overshadowed by the effects of rutting. Most soil erosion on roads is from concentrated flow in ruts or ditches. Adding gravel increases hydraulic conductivity and reduces erosion. Road erosion rates can also be decreased by reducing tire pressure or by removing roads. The authors are developing applications of the Water Erosion Prediction Project model as user-friendly erosion prediction tools for road managers. Further work is required to quantify the effects of current management techniques on water quality and to develop new low-impact road design and management technology. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83842 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83792 USA. RP Elliot, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main, Moscow, ID 83842 USA. RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06524-0 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 1999 IS 1652 BP 244 EP 249 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation SC Engineering; Transportation GA BN49E UT WOS:000082031400030 ER PT S AU Tysdal, LM Elliot, WJ Luce, CH Black, TA AF Tysdal, LM Elliot, WJ Luce, CH Black, TA GP NRC TI Modeling erosion from insloping low-volume roads with WEPP watershed model SO SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW-VOLUME ROADS 1999, VOL 2: PLANNING, ADMINISTRATION, AND ENVIRONMENT; DESIGN; MATERIALS, CONSTRUCTION, AND MAINTENANCE; OPERATIONS AND SAFETY SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Low-Volume Roads CY MAY 23-26, 1999 CL BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA SP Transportat Res Board AB Low-volume roads can be a major source of sediment to streams in forest watersheds. For soil erosion from roads to be economically mitigated, the processes that cause erosion need to be understood. The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP), a physically based erosion and sedimentation model, was used for predicting erosion from forest roads that can be described as hillslopes. Watershed applications of WEPP predicted erosion and sedimentation values for insloping roads that can be described as microwatersheds. How well WEPP models insloping roads through a sensitivity analysis and validation process using two studies in the Oregon Coast Range is discussed. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Tysdal, LM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Luce, Charles/A-9267-2008 OI Luce, Charles/0000-0002-6938-9662 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06524-0 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 1999 IS 1652 BP 250 EP 256 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation SC Engineering; Transportation GA BN49E UT WOS:000082031400031 ER PT J AU Fekedulegn, D Mac Siurtain, MP Colbert, JJ AF Fekedulegn, D Mac Siurtain, MP Colbert, JJ TI Parameter estimation of nonlinear growth models in forestry SO SILVA FENNICA LA English DT Article DE parameter estimation; nonlinear model; partial derivative; Marquardt iterative method; initial value AB Partial derivatives of the negative exponential, monomolecular, Mitcherlich, Gompertz, logistic, Chapman-Richards, von Bertalanffy, Weibull and the Richard's nonlinear growth models are presented. The application of these partial derivatives in estimating the model parameters is illustrated. The parameters are estimated using the Marquardt iterative method of nonlinear regression relating top height to age of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) from the Bowmont Norway Spruce Thinning Experiment. Formulas that provide good initial values of the parameters are specified. Clear definitions of the parameters of the nonlinear models in the context of the system being modelled are found to be critically important in the process of parameter estimation. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Stat, Eberly Coll Arts & Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Coll Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Fekedulegn, D (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Stat, Eberly Coll Arts & Sci, POB 6330, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM fdesta@stat.wvu.edu NR 17 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 12 PU FINNISH SOC FOREST SCIENCE-NATURAL RESOURCES INST FINLAND PI VANTAA PA PO BOX 18, FI-01301 VANTAA, FINLAND SN 0037-5330 EI 2242-4075 J9 SILVA FENN JI Silva. Fenn. PY 1999 VL 33 IS 4 BP 327 EP 336 DI 10.14214/sf.653 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 273FP UT WOS:000084697500007 ER PT J AU Schmidtling, RC Carroll, E LaFarge, T AF Schmidtling, RC Carroll, E LaFarge, T TI Allozyme diversity of selected and natural loblolly pine populations SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Pinus taeda; allozymes; geographic variation; Pleistocene; tree improvement; genetic variation; hybridization ID ASSOCIATIONS; SEED AB Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) megagametophytes and embryos were examined electrophoretically to compare the extent and distribution of genetic variability in allozymes of selected and wild populations. Range-wide collections of three different types were investigated in this study. These consisted of seed sampled from, 1. a provenance test established in 1953, 2. bulk seed sampled from collections obtained from natural stands, and 3. seed harvested from clones used to produce improved seed in a tree improvement program. All 18 loci tested were found to be polymorphic. The average number of alleles overall (N-a) was 3.8. Expected heterozygosities (H-e) varied from 0.193 in the 70-year old orchard clones, to 0.174 in the 40-year-old provenance test samples, to 0.163 in the embryos of the bulk collections. The maximum F-ST was 0.066 for the provenance test populations, which indicates that only a small proportion (6.6 %) of the total variation in allozymes was attributed to population differences. In spite of this, the populations were well differentiated in multivariate analysis. In controlled-pollinated progeny tests of the orchard selections, there was a negative association between growth and the presence of rare alleles in the parent. A rare allele at the IDH locus was associated with slower growth, probably because it indicated hybridization with the slower-growing shortleaf pine (P. echinata MILL.). Allozyme variation as well as variation in cortical monoterpenes and fusiform rust resistance suggests that loblolly pine resided in two refugia during the Pleistocene; one in south Texas / northeast Mexico and one in south Florida / Caribbean. The two populations migrated to the northern Gulf Coastal Plain at the beginning of the Holocene and merged just east of the Mississippi River. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Natl Forest Genet Electrophoresis Lab, Camino, CA 95709 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Reg, Atlanta, GA 30367 USA. RP Schmidtling, RC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Inst Forest Genet, 23332 Hwy 67, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. NR 41 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, W-6000 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 1999 VL 48 IS 1 BP 35 EP 45 PG 11 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 201MB UT WOS:000080597600008 ER PT J AU White, TL Matheson, AC Cotterill, PP Johnson, RG Rout, AF Boomsma, DB AF White, TL Matheson, AC Cotterill, PP Johnson, RG Rout, AF Boomsma, DB TI A nucleus breeding plan for radiata pine in Australia SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE breeding strategy; genetic gain; radiata pine; costs and benefits; nucleus breeding ID SLASH PINE; SELECTION; DESIGNS AB The Southern Tree Breeding Association Inc. (STBA), consisting of 20 private companies and government agencies working cooperatively to breed improved varieties of radiata pine (Pinus radiata) for Australia, has adopted the concept of a nucleus breeding strategy entailing a total breeding population of 300 selections subdivided into two components: a nucleus population (which receives more emphasis in terms of breeding and testing and consists of the best 10% or so of the population) and a main population consisting of the remainder of the breeding population. This paper describes and compares three different plans for operational implementation of a nucleus breeding strategy by the STBA. The first option (Option 1) is the simplest entailing open-pollinated management of the main population and unified nucleus and main populations. The second two plans (Options 2a and 2b) employ complementary mating designs with pollen-mix management of the main population and a breeding population (consisting of the main and nucleus populations) that is further sub-divided into three unrelated lines. These lines serve as unrelated breeding groups to manage inbreeding in the deployment population. Options 2a and 2b differ only in the use of seedlings (Option 2a) or rooted cuttings (Option 2b) in unreplicated full-sib family plots used for within-family selection. The three options are compared in terms of costs, logistics, and detailed genetic gains predictions. In general, costs are similar for all three options and relatively small when compared with the overall STBA budget. Similarly, all three options are logistically feasible given the staffing and resources of the STBA. Thus, comparison of genetic gains represents the most meaningful criterion for deciding among the three options and in this regard, both Options 2a and 2b are clearly superior to Option 1. This is largely due to the pollen-mix management of the main population and the use of well-replicated progeny tests to estimate GCA. The use of rooted cuttings in Option 2b adds significantly to the length of the cycle (from 12 to 14 years), but also results in more genetic gain per breeding cycle. An Appendix providing additional details of assumptions and calculations is available from the authors. C1 Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. CSIRO Forestry & Forest Prod, Canberra, ACT 2604, Australia. Oregon State Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. So Tree Breeding Assoc, Mt Gambier, SA 5290, Australia. RP White, TL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 55 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, W-6000 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 1999 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 122 EP 133 PG 12 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 260KJ UT WOS:000083948500003 ER PT J AU Copes, DL AF Copes, DL TI Breeding graft-compatible Douglas-fir rootstocks (Pseudotsuga menziesii (MIRB.) FRANCO) SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE incompatibility; grafting; seed orchards; understocks; graft rejection AB A study encompassing 24 years was conducted to determine if a breeding program could produce highly graft-compatible rootstocks. Twenty-seven trees of apparent high graft compatibility were selected and crossed to produce 226 control-pollinated families. Seedlings were grown, field planted, and grafted with test scions. Graft unions from field tests were evaluated anatomically for internal symptoms of incompatibility. Average compatibility of progeny from the 226 crosses was 90.6% , compared with 65% in native populations. Breeding values were calculated For each parent by the best linear prediction (BLP) procedure. Average compatibility resulting from crossing among the top 10 parents was estimated by breeding values as 95.4%. Field-test results of progeny from 34 crosses among the 10 most compatible parents showed 96% compatibility. In addition to field-tests for graft compatibility, nursery tests of seedlings from 124 crosses were evaluated for second-year vegetative bud flush and seedling height, it was possible, while maintaining adequately high levels of graft compatibility, to breed both for resistance to spring frost damage and for increased seedling height. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Copes, DL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, W-6000 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 1999 VL 48 IS 3-4 BP 188 EP 193 PG 6 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 260KJ UT WOS:000083948500011 ER PT S AU Ishida, BK AF Ishida, BK BE Bieche, BJ TI Activated lycopene biosynthesis in tomato fruit in vitro SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL ISHS SYMPOSIUM ON THE PROCESSING TOMATO - WORKSHOP ON IRRIGATION AND FERTIGATION OF PROCESSING TOMATO SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International ISHS Symposium on the Processing Tomato/Workshop on Irrigation and Fertigation of Processing Tomato CY MAY 25-29, 1998 CL PAMPLONA, SPAIN SP Int Soc Hort Sci DE tomato; lycopene; Lycopersicon esculentum; fruit; calyx; ripening ID FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; IN-VITRO; VOLATILES; ANTIRRHINUM; CALYX; GENES AB Tomato calyces (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. VFNT Cherry) develop into fruit tissue in vitro at 16-22 degrees C. Calyces swell, turn red, and produce ethylene, flavor volatiles, lycopene, and sugars characteristic of ripe fruit. Recently we showed that ripe calyces have high tomato AGAMOUS (TAG1) RNA, which also increases in ripening fruit. In both tissues, TAG1 expression was correlated with degree of ripening. We also found high lycopene levels in fruit cultured in vitro at 16 degrees C (580 +/- 70 mu g g(-1) fresh weight), approximately ten times higher than in standard field and greenhouse tomatoes. In our studies, lycopene concentration correlates well with TAG1 expression, suggesting a causal relationship. The large increase in lycopene resulted from a cool temperature induced mechanism in which TAG1 is activated. This activation seems to play a key role in ripening and induction of carotenoid biosynthesis. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94170 USA. RP Ishida, BK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94170 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-841-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 1999 IS 487 BP 445 EP 452 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BN08A UT WOS:000080609200073 ER PT J AU Goetsch, AL Johnson, ZB AF Goetsch, AL Johnson, ZB TI Feed intake and digestion in the summer and fall by different breeds of ewes consuming forages differing in quality SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sheep; season; forage quality; feed intake; digestion ID AD-LIBITUM; METABOLISM; DIGESTIBILITY; RUMINANTS; CONSUMPTION; EFFICIENCY; CATTLE; DIETS AB Sixteen penned, nonpregnant ewes (>3 years of age) of four breed groups (St. Croix, S; St. CroixxTexel, ST; Polypay x Texel, PT; Gulf Coast Native, N) were used in an experiment (west-central Arkansas; 2x4x2 factorial arrangement of treatments) to determine effects and interactions in feed intake and digestion of breed group, forage quality (mature bermudagrass, L; late-boot endophyte-free fescue, H), and season (summer, S; fall, Fl. Summer temperature humidity index [dry bulb temperature + (0.36xwet bulb temperature) +41.2 degrees C] was considerably above and near 72 at 1600 and 0700 hours, respectively. Organic matter digestibility was similar between seasons for H but lower (p<0.05) in the summer vs. fall for L (46.1, 51.7, 61.9, and 62.3% for L-S, L-E H-S, and H-E respectively; SE 0.98). A comparable interaction between forage quality and season occurred in digestible OM intake (514, 607, 878, and 852 g day(-2) for L-S, LF, H-S, and H-F, respectively; SE 25.0). Digestible OM intake was similar among breed groups with L but greater (p<0.05) fur ST and PT than for S and N with H (27.8, 30.3, 30.3, 26.5, 39.1, 49.5, 46.7, and 38.7 g kg(-1) BW(0.75) for L-S, L-ST, L-PT, L-N, H-S, H-ST, H-PT, and H-N, respectively; SE 1.52). Digestible OM intake differed between low and high quality forages more in the summer than fall and varied among breed groups more with high vs. low quality forage; season did not alter the influence of forage quality on breed group differences. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Agr Res Serv, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Goetsch, AL (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 31 IS 2 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1016/S0921-4488(98)00127-8 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 153DY UT WOS:000077818900004 ER PT J AU Haverty, MI Nelson, LJ Forschler, BT AF Haverty, MI Nelson, LJ Forschler, BT TI New cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes of Reticulitermes (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) from the United States SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemotaxonomy; cuticular hydrocarbons; hydrocarbon variability; Isoptera; Reticulitermes; subterranean termites ID TERMITE AB Cuticular hydrocarbon mixtures of Reticulitermes samples from Georgia, New Mexico, Arizona, and Nevada were characterized. We identified 10 new, distinct hydrocarbon phenotypes in Reticulitermes: 4 from Georgia, 1 from New Mexico, 4 from Arizona, and 1 from Nevada. The 4 new phenotypes from Georgia have a preponderance of olefins in common with several previously described phenotypes (GA-D, GA-E, GA-F, GA-G, GA-H, GA-I) from Georgia. The most abundant components in these profiles are olefins with 27 or 29 carbons. These phenotypes all key to R. hageni based on the size of the soldiers. Phenotypes from New Mexico and Nevada and 2 from Arizona have many similarities to each other and to a previously reported phenotype from California (CA-D). The characteristics they share include a number of C25 compounds, C25 and C27 olefins, several 5-methylalkanes and 5, 17-dimethylalkanes. They are distinguished by quantitative differences and presence or absence of late-eluting olefins. Of the other 2 phenotypes from Arizona, one resembles that of a commonly seen California phenotype (CA-A'). The other phenotype from Arizona contains an abundance of olefins, though a distinct set that separates it from any type collected in Georgia. It also contains a homologous series of 5, 1 17-dimethylalkanes. On the basis of cuticular hydrocarbons alone we suggest that there are 4 additional, undescribed taxa of Reticulitermes in Georgia, 1 new taxon from New Mexico, 3 or 4 new taxa from Arizona, and 1 new taxon from Nevada. Therefore, these new discoveries further emphasize that the taxonomy of Reticulitermes in North America is in need of revision. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Haverty, MI (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, POB 245, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. NR 14 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 1999 VL 34 IS 1 BP 1 EP 21 PG 21 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 198ZY UT WOS:000080455800001 ER PT J AU Whitford, WG AF Whitford, WG TI Seasonal and diurnal activity patterns in ant communities in a vegetation transition region of southeastern New Mexico (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The densities of active ant colonies were estimated in three habitats: creosotebush shrubland, grassland, and shinnery-oak mesquite dunes. Diurnal foraging patterns were studied at bait boards. Species richness of ant communities in this transitional region (8-12 species) was considerably lower than Chihuahuan Desert ant communities in an area with lower annual average rainfall. The numerically dominant species was Forelius pruinosus. Crematogaster spp. was subdominant in all of the habitats and exhibited relatively constant activity throughout the growing season. Harvester ants, Pogonomyrmex spp. exhibited different seasonal activity patterns in the three habitats. One species, Trachymyrmex septentrionalis, was not recorded until October, when its nests were conspicuous with discarded leaf fragments around the entrances. Several species of ants feeding at bait board extended their foraging times in comparison to colonies of the same species too distant from the bait boards for foragers to reach the baits. Only one species (Pogonomyrmex apache) exhibited a high-tolerance foraging behavior, by initiating foraging at the bait boards after soil surface temperatures exceeded 40 degrees C and other species had ceased foraging. Foraging activity of most species continued throughout the day when cloud cover reduced soil surface temperatures to 40 degrees C during midday. C1 US EPA, ODC,NERL, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Whitford, WG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 1999 VL 34 IS 3 BP 477 EP 491 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 238ZG UT WOS:000082744200006 ER PT J AU Whitford, GG AF Whitford, GG TI Effects of habitat characteristics on the abundance and activity of subterranean termites in arid southeastern New Mexico (Isoptera) SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHIHUAHUAN DESERT ECOSYSTEMS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; DECOMPOSITION AB Amitermes wheeleri was the most abundant termite species in most of the habitats. Gnathamitermes tubiformans was the most abundant subterranean termite species in habitats dominated by creosotebush, Larrea tridentata. Subterranean termite abundance measured by numbers of termites extracted from baits, mass of paper removed from baits, proportion of dung pats attacked, and quantities of surface foraging galleries all indicated that subterranean termites were most abundant in mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) dune and creosotebush habitats, and least abundant in grassland and shinnery oak (Quercus harvardii) habitats. Subterranean termite abundance was not affected by soil stability, but was affected by the dominant vegetation. Subterranean termites consumed more than 80% of the creosotebush leaf litter from litter bags between August and December. There was no evidence that termites consumed shinnery oak leaves or grass stems and leaves. C1 US EPA, ORD,NERL, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Whitford, GG (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 1999 VL 34 IS 3 BP 493 EP 504 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 238ZG UT WOS:000082744200007 ER PT B AU Doran, JW Jones, AJ Arshad, MA Gilley, JE AF Doran, JW Jones, AJ Arshad, MA Gilley, JE BE Lal, R TI Determinants of soil quality and health SO SOIL QUALITY AND SOIL EROSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soil Erosion and Soil Quality CY JUL, 1996 CL KEYSTONE, CO SP Soil & Water Conservat Soc C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Doran, JW (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 1-57444-100-0 PY 1999 BP 17 EP 36 PG 20 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BL74P UT WOS:000076534700002 ER PT B AU Norton, D Shainberg, I Cihacek, L Edwards, JH AF Norton, D Shainberg, I Cihacek, L Edwards, JH BE Lal, R TI Erosion and soil chemical properties SO SOIL QUALITY AND SOIL EROSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soil Erosion and Soil Quality CY JUL, 1996 CL KEYSTONE, CO SP Soil & Water Conservat Soc C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Norton, D (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 1-57444-100-0 PY 1999 BP 39 EP 56 PG 18 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BL74P UT WOS:000076534700003 ER PT B AU Stott, DE Kennedy, AC Cambardella, CA AF Stott, DE Kennedy, AC Cambardella, CA BE Lal, R TI Impact of soil organisms and organic matter on soil structure SO SOIL QUALITY AND SOIL EROSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soil Erosion and Soil Quality CY JUL, 1996 CL KEYSTONE, CO SP Soil & Water Conservat Soc C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Stott, DE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Stott, Diane/A-1270-2010 OI Stott, Diane/0000-0002-6397-3315 NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 1-57444-100-0 PY 1999 BP 57 EP 73 PG 17 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BL74P UT WOS:000076534700004 ER PT B AU Delgado, JA Sparks, RT Follett, RF Sharkoff, JL Riggenbach, RR AF Delgado, JA Sparks, RT Follett, RF Sharkoff, JL Riggenbach, RR BE Lal, R TI Use of winter cover crops to conserve soil and water quality in the San Luis Valley of south central Colorado SO SOIL QUALITY AND SOIL EROSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soil Erosion and Soil Quality CY JUL, 1996 CL KEYSTONE, CO SP Soil & Water Conservat Soc C1 ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Delgado, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 0 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 1-57444-100-0 PY 1999 BP 125 EP 142 PG 18 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BL74P UT WOS:000076534700007 ER PT B AU Lindstrom, MJ Schumacher, TE Reicosky, DC Beck, DL AF Lindstrom, MJ Schumacher, TE Reicosky, DC Beck, DL BE Lal, R TI Soil quality: Post conservation reserve program changes with tillage and cropping SO SOIL QUALITY AND SOIL EROSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soil Erosion and Soil Quality CY JUL, 1996 CL KEYSTONE, CO SP Soil & Water Conservat Soc C1 ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Lindstrom, MJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 1-57444-100-0 PY 1999 BP 143 EP 151 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BL74P UT WOS:000076534700008 ER PT B AU Jones, OR Southwick, LM Smith, SJ Hauser, VL AF Jones, OR Southwick, LM Smith, SJ Hauser, VL BE Lal, R TI Soil quality and environmental impacts of dryland residue management systems SO SOIL QUALITY AND SOIL EROSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soil Erosion and Soil Quality CY JUL, 1996 CL KEYSTONE, CO SP Soil & Water Conservat Soc C1 ARS, USDA, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Jones, OR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 1-57444-100-0 PY 1999 BP 153 EP 167 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BL74P UT WOS:000076534700009 ER PT B AU Brock, BG AF Brock, BG BE Lal, R TI R for soil quality = long-term no-till SO SOIL QUALITY AND SOIL EROSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soil Erosion and Soil Quality CY JUL, 1996 CL KEYSTONE, CO SP Soil & Water Conservat Soc C1 USDA, NRCS, Raleigh, NC 27611 USA. RP Brock, BG (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Raleigh, NC 27611 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 1-57444-100-0 PY 1999 BP 169 EP 172 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BL74P UT WOS:000076534700010 ER PT B AU Elliot, WJ Page-Dumroese, D Robichaud, PR AF Elliot, WJ Page-Dumroese, D Robichaud, PR BE Lal, R TI The effects of forest management on erosion and soil productivity SO SOIL QUALITY AND SOIL EROSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soil Erosion and Soil Quality CY JUL, 1996 CL KEYSTONE, CO SP Soil & Water Conservat Soc C1 US Forest Serv, Intermt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID USA. RP Elliot, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Intermt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 1-57444-100-0 PY 1999 BP 195 EP 208 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BL74P UT WOS:000076534700012 ER PT B AU Herrick, JE Weltz, MA Reeder, JD Schuman, GE Simanton, LR AF Herrick, JE Weltz, MA Reeder, JD Schuman, GE Simanton, LR BE Lal, R TI Rangeland soil erosion and soil quality: Role of soil resistance, resilience, and disturbance regime SO SOIL QUALITY AND SOIL EROSION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soil Erosion and Soil Quality CY JUL, 1996 CL KEYSTONE, CO SP Soil & Water Conservat Soc C1 ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Herrick, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 1-57444-100-0 PY 1999 BP 209 EP 233 PG 25 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BL74P UT WOS:000076534700013 ER PT J AU Sikora, LJ Enkiri, NK AF Sikora, LJ Enkiri, NK TI Growth of tall fescue in compost/fertilizer blends SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mineralization; efficiency; urea; ammonium nitrate; biosolids ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE COMPOST; SOIL; NITROGEN; CARBON; MINERALIZATION AB Composts are considered low-analysis fertilizers because their N and P content is from 1 to 2% and the N mineralization rate is near 10%. If compost is added to agricultural land at the N requirement of grain crops (40 to 100 kg ha(-1)), application rates approach 40 to 100 mt ha(-1) Much lower rates may be advisable to avoid accumulation of constituents such as heavy metals found in some composts. Combining low-amendment rates of composts with sufficient fertilizer to meet crop requirements is an appealing alternative which (i) utilizes composts at lower rates than those needed to supply all of the crop N requirement, (ii) reduces the amount of inorganic fertilizer applied to soils, and (iii) reduces the accumulation of nonnutrient compost constituents in soils. A study was conducted to compare the effects of blends of biosolids compost (C) with urea (U) or NH4NO3(N) fertilizers with fertilizer alone on tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.) growth and N uptake, Blends that provided 0, 16.7, 33, or 50% of the 100 mg N kg(-1) application rate as compost N and 100, 83.3, 67, or 50% as fertilizer N were added to Sassafras soil (Typic Hapludults). Fescue was grown on the blends in a growth chamber for 109 days. Fescue yields decreased linearly with decreasing fertilizer level for both NH4NO3 and urea and with or without compost. Nitrogen uptake by fescue was different for fertilizer- than for compost-amended pots, depending on the rate of fertilizer added. Paired comparisons based on cumulative 109-day data indicated yields from NC67 (67% NH4NO3-N, 33% compost N) and NC83 equaled the yield of N100, Similarly for blends containing urea, UC67 yield was equal to U100. Nitrogen uptake from NC83 was equal to N100, but N uptake from NC67 was significantly less than from N100. Nitrogen uptake by UC67 was significantly less than U83 which had a greater mean N uptake than N100. The data suggest that compost N can replace one-third of the fertilizer N required by fescue without decreasing yield. Because the mineral N plus the mineralization of organic N that comprises the compost N portion of the blends did not equal that of the corresponding fertilizer alone, constituents other than N contributed to yields from the compost fertilizer blends. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sikora, LJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, Bldg 001,BARC-W,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 164 IS 1 BP 62 EP 69 DI 10.1097/00010694-199901000-00009 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 164MC UT WOS:000078467300008 ER PT J AU Smith, RE AF Smith, RE TI Technical note: Rapid measurement of soil sorptivity SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID INFILTRATION AB A simple and fast method is described for measuring surface soil sorptivity, S, Rather than measure the progress of infiltration flux for a long initial period, the cumulative infiltration is measured in the early stage in which the gravity effect is negligible, The theory behind the method is sound and simple, and measurements may be taken in only a few minutes using a small single ring. It is applicable to find S for both ponded and flu surface boundary conditions. C1 Colorado State Univ, USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Smith, RE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, USDA ARS, AERC Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM roger@lily.aerc.colostate.edu NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 55 EP 57 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 179ZE UT WOS:000079359600008 ER PT J AU Bichat, F Sims, GK Mulvaney, RL AF Bichat, F Sims, GK Mulvaney, RL TI Microbial utilization of heterocyclic nitrogen from atrazine SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID S-TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; NEAR-SURFACE AQUIFERS; 2 SOILS; DEGRADATION; MINERALIZATION; BIODEGRADATION; METABOLITES; PSEUDOMONAS; PESTICIDES; BACTERIA AB Radiotracer studies have provided indirect evidence that heterocyclic N in atrazine [2-chloro-4(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine] may be utilized by microorganisms as a source of IV; however, no data are available from investigations using N-15 as a tracer. Studies were conducted to examine microbial utilization of atrazine ring-N-15 in soil and pure cultures of Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP, Agrobacterium radiobacter J14a, or bacterium M91-3. Atrazine [U-N-15-ring] was synthesized from labeled urea. To investigate the effect of exogenous N on atrazine degradation, pure cultures were supplemented with unlabeled atrazine and labeled N as (NH4)(2)SO4, KNO3, urea, or glycine. Under C-limiting conditions, cells of Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP incorporated side chain-N into biomass and liberated ring-IV as NH4. When N was limiting, ring-IV Has also recovered in biomass. Degradation of atrazine by Pseudomonas strain sp. ADP and A. radiobacter was unaffected by the presence of exogenous N, whereas no degradation occurred with bacterium M91-3 in media containing urea or NH4-N. The fate of double-labeled [U-C-14, U-N-15-ring]-atrazine (15 mg kg(-1)) was examined after incubation of a Bloomfield soil (sandy, mired, mesic Psammentic Hapludalf) amended with NH4- or NO3-N (75 mg kg(-1)), with or without an inoculum of Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP (1.06 x 10(13) cells kg(-1)). In uninoculated soil, mineralization of atrazine-C-14 was inhibited by inorganic N, whereas in the inoculated soil, 87% of the atrazine was mineralized, regardless of the N treatment. The C/N ratio was much loner for amino acids isolated from soil than for the atrazine ring, suggesting preferential assimilation of N over C by microorganisms. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sims, GK (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM gk-sims@uiuc.edu RI Sims, Gerald/A-2500-2008 NR 60 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 100 EP 110 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 179ZE UT WOS:000079359600015 ER PT J AU Kolberg, RL Westfall, DG Peterson, GA AF Kolberg, RL Westfall, DG Peterson, GA TI Influence of cropping intensity and nitrogen fertilizer rates on in situ nitrogen mineralization SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DRYLAND AGROECOSYSTEMS; SOIL; CULTIVATION; RESIDUE AB Cycling of N through an agroecosystem can be managed more effectively if effects of N management and cropping sequence on soil N microbial processes are understood. Effects of cropping intensity and N fertilizer rate on net soil N mineralization were studied as well as their correlation with precipitation, air temperature and soil water content. Net soil N mineralization was measured by incubating undisturbed soil cores (15-cm depth) containing anion and cation exchange resins at their bottoms, Cores were incubated during each of five time periods (3-4 wk each) during the fallow phase (mid-April to mid-September) of two no-till cropping systems, wheat (Triticum aestivum L,)-fallow (WF) and wheat-corn (Zea mays L.)- fellow (WCF). Past N fertilizer applications were over four rates with total amounts applied during the previous 6 yr of 0, 95, 190, and 286 kg N ha(-1) in WF and 0, 134, 269, and 403 kg N ha(-1) in WCF, Soils were an Aridic Paleustoll at Sterling and an Aridic Argiustoll at Stratton in eastern Colorado, Total net N mineralization in WCF was half that in WP (22 vs. 43 kg N ha(-1); 2-site average), probably due to greater immobilization as evidenced by nearly three times greater accumulation of crop residue on the soil surface after 6 Sr of no-till management. Greater conservation of applied N and soil N can be expected in the more intensive WCF system, Total mineralized N increased with N rate by approximate to 0.2 kg ha(-1) for each kg ha(-1) of previously applied N, Precipitation in combination with air temperature and their interaction term gave the best prediction of average daily N mineralization at both sites. C1 USDA ARS, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kolberg, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RI Peterson, Gary/B-8119-2013 NR 19 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 129 EP 134 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 179ZE UT WOS:000079359600018 ER PT J AU Honeycutt, CW AF Honeycutt, CW TI Nitrogen mineralization from soil organic matter and crop residues: Field validation of laboratory predictions SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HEAT UNITS; CARBON; QUALITY AB Accurate prediction of N mineralization under field conditions would promote optimal N-use efficiency from both organic and inorganic sources, This study was conducted to assess the utility of microplot cylinders with mixed-bed exchange resins for monitoring field N mineralization, to compare laboratory predictions with field measurements of N mineralization, and to determine the impart of using ground(less than or equal to 1 mm) crop residues in the laboratory to predict N mineralization of unground (less than or equal to 25 mm) residues in the field, Nitrogen mineralization from soil organic matter and hairy,etch(Vicia villosa Roth) residues was follow-ed in the laboratory at II, 20, and 25 degrees C with 0, 2150, 4300, and 6450 kg vetch ha(-1) equivalent loading rates of less than or equal to 1 mm particle-size residue. Ground and unground residues were added to microplot cylinders at loading rates equivalent to 0. 4028, and 5010 kg vetch ha(-1) and installed in potato (Solanum tuberosum L, Norwis) crop roes in two growing seasons. Nitrogen mineralization from soil organic matter under field conditions was overestimated bg laboratory predictions; however, field measurements of N mineralization from both ground and unground retch residues were closely predicted by a complementary laboratory study. These data indicate vetch residue N mineralization under these modified field conditions (i.e,, microplot cylinders) can be predicted from laboratory studies that use ground residues, constant temperatures, and variable residue quantities. This finding may advance our ability to model and account for residue N mineralization when developing N management recommendations. C1 Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Honeycutt, CW (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 27 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 134 EP 141 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 179ZE UT WOS:000079359600019 ER PT J AU Bowman, RA Vigil, MF Nielsen, DC Anderson, RL AF Bowman, RA Vigil, MF Nielsen, DC Anderson, RL TI Soil organic matter changes in intensively cropped dryland systems SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TILLAGE SYSTEMS; NITROGEN; CARBON; MINERALIZATION; CULTIVATION; PHOSPHORUS; GRASSLAND; ROTATION; FERTILIZATION; PLAINS AB Continuous cropping or decreasing the frequency of summer fallow (F) in cereal based dryland rotations may have benefits other than greater water utilization and erosion control. We hypothesized that rotations with no fallow or minimum fallow frequency can produce more biomass and cover than the traditional winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-summer fallow systems (W-F), and ultimately, greater amounts of soil organic matter (SOM). To this end, we evaluated changes in various poets of SOM at the 0 to 5- and 0 to 15-cm depths on a Weld loam (ene, smectitic, mesic aridic Paleustolls) that were caused by (i) decreasing fallow or increasing cropping intensities, (ii) specific rotations of the same length but with different crop sequencing, and (iii) accumulated residue and roots from reduced- or no-tillage from 1993 to 1997, Total soil organic carbon (SOC) and N for the 0- to 5-cm depth increased by approximate to 20% with continuous cropping rotations compared with W-F rotations. Particulate organic matter-carbon (POM-C) doubled, while POM-N, and soluble organic C (OC) increased by one third for the same comparison. At the 0- to 15-cm depth, SOC, POM-C, and POM-N did not differ among systems with fallow, nor among systems with cropping intensities greater than W-F. Thus, significant differences always existed between W-F and continuous cropping. Generally, fallow had a negative influence on SOC accumulation, and continuous cropping a positive influence on surface SOM. Changes in SOC did not correlate with yields in the five-year comparison of this ongoing study. C1 USDA ARS, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RP Bowman, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 400, Akron, CO 80720 USA. EM rbowman@lamar.colostate.edu RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 33 TC 112 Z9 138 U1 3 U2 15 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 186 EP 191 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 179ZE UT WOS:000079359600025 ER PT J AU Wienhold, BJ Halvorson, AD AF Wienhold, BJ Halvorson, AD TI Nitrogen mineralization responses to cropping, tillage, and nitrogen rate in the Northern Great Plains SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; WHEAT MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ZERO TILLAGE; SPRING WHEAT; POTENTIALS; HISTORIES; CHERNOZEM; KINETICS AB Nitrogen-mineralization rates are needed to accurately determine N fertilization requirements to meet plant needs while minimizing environmental contamination. A spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow (SW-F) system was compared with a spring wheat-winter wheat-sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (SW-WW-SF) system on a Temvik-Wilton silt loam (fine-silty, mixed Typic and Pachie Haploborolls) at three N rates (0, 22, and 45 kg ha(-1) for SW-F and 34, 67, and 101 kg ha(-1) for SW-WW-SF) under conventional, minimum, and no-tillage. After 10 Sr, soil samples were incubated to determine N-mineralization rates. Cropping intensity, N rate, and tillage intensity interacted to affect N-mineralization rates. Within the SW-F system N-mineralization rates in 0- to 0.05-m depth were 8.2 +/- 0.8 kg ha(-1) wk(-1) in the fallow phase vs. 5.0 +/- 0.7 kg ha(-1) wk(-1) in the crop phase under conventional tillage and were 6.2 +/-. 0.3 kg ha(-1) wk(-1) under minimum and no-tillage in both phases. The N-mineralization rates were 2.3 +/- 0.4 kg ha(-1) wk(-1) in 0.05- to 0.15-m depth soils of the SW-F system. In spring wheat, N-mineralization rates in 0- to 0.05-m depth soil were 9.9 +/- 0.8 kg ha(-1) wk(-1) in the SW-WW-SF system vs. 5.6 +/- 0.4 kg ha(-1) wk(-1) in the SW-F system and in the 0.05 to 0.15-m depth were 3.6 +/- 0.1 kg ha(-1) wk(-1) in the SW-WW-SF system vs. 2.4 +/- 0.2 kg ha(-1) wk(-1) in the SW-F system Within the SW-WW-SF system, N mineralization rates in the 0- to 0.05-m soil layer were 6.8 +/- 0.5 kg ha(-1) wk(-1) under winter wheat vs. 9.9 +/- 0.8 kg ha(-1) wk(-1) under spring wheat and 9.2 +/- 0.6 kg ha(-1) wk(-1) under sunflower. In the 0.05- to 0.15-m soil layer, N-mineralization rates were 3.3 +/- 1.0 kg ha(-1) wk(-1). More intensive cropping and conservation tillage increased N-mineralization rates in this soil and may ameliorate the decline in N fertility associated with crop-fallow systems. C1 USDA ARS, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Wienhold, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 26 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 192 EP 196 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 179ZE UT WOS:000079359600026 ER PT J AU Logsdon, SD Kaspar, TC Cambardella, CA AF Logsdon, SD Kaspar, TC Cambardella, CA TI Depth-incremental soil properties under no-till or chisel management SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM TILLAGE; CROP RESIDUE; BULK-DENSITY; CORN ROOT; SYSTEMS; IMPEDANCE; OHIO AB Comparisons of bulk density between no-till and chisel management systems have produced conflicting results in different studies. These conflicting results have been due to averaging across large depth increments (up to 30 cm) and by ignoring traffic patterns when sampling. A few studies have measured 2-cm depth increments for soil from tilled plots, but few, if any, have measured 2-cm incremental soil properties from no-till and compared them with similar measurements from tilled management systems. The objective of this study was to compare no-till and chisel management system effects on 2-cm increments of the vertical soil properties both for sites with and without controlled wheel traffic in corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. The controlled traffic site consisted of Muscatine (Fine-silty, mixed, mesic, Aquic Hapludoll) and Tama (Fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Argiudoll) soils, and the site without controlled traffic had Downs soil (Fine-silty, mixed, mesic Mollic Hapludalf). We collected soil samples in 2-cm increments to the 30-cm depth. On controlled traffic plots for the 0- to 2-cm increment, soil bulk density from no-till plots was less than from chisel plots for half of the cases, but for the 6- to 18-cm depths, soil from no-till was more dense than soil from chisel plots 61% of the time. There was no significant soil bulk density difference between tillage treatments for plots without controlled traffic. Results of tillage on residue, organic C, and crop yield were inconsistent. Chisel management did not result in less dense soil than no-till unless traffic was carefully controlled. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Logsdon, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 20 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 197 EP 200 PG 4 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 179ZE UT WOS:000079359600027 ER PT J AU Cromack, K Miller, RE Helgerson, OT Smith, RB Anderson, HW AF Cromack, K Miller, RE Helgerson, OT Smith, RB Anderson, HW TI Soil carbon and nutrients in a coastal Oregon douglas-fir plantation with red alder SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NET NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; ORGANIC-MATTER; LIGHT-FRACTION; FOREST FLOOR; STANDS; PRODUCTIVITY; AVAILABILITY; MANAGEMENT; PHOSPHORUS; AGE AB Carbon and nutrients in the forest flour and mineral soil were measured to determine amounts and variation among eighteen 0.081-ha plots in a Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb,) Franco] plantation growing with volunteer red alder (Alnus rubra Bong,), Ten Sears earlier, the preceding mature conifer stand was clearcut and nearly all logging slash and forest floor were consumed by slash fire. Forest floor mass in the 9-yr-old plantation averaged 9.86 Mg ha(-1), with 3.71 Mg C, 98.0 kg N, 10.6 kg P, and 8.4 kg S ha(-1). Mineral soil to l-m depth averaged 176 Mg C, 8330 kg N, 3340 kg P, and 605 kg S ha(-1) in the <2-mm Fraction. The 2- to <6-mm soil fraction averaged an additional 100 Mg C, 4480 kg N, and 1700 kg P ha(-1). Net mineralizable N as NH, (anaerobic N mineralization index) totaled 99 kg N ha(-1) in the top 45 cm of the mineral soil and 62 kg N ha(-1) in the 45- to 100-cm depth. Density fractionation show ed that the light fraction (<1.65 Mg m(-3)) was only 13.4% of the fine soil mass of the 0- to 15-cm depth, Set contained about 40% of the total C and N capital in the <2-mm size fraction. The substantial amounts of C and nutrient, in this low-bulk density soil (<2-mm fraction, 0.30 Mg m(-3)) indicate a fertile soil despite large previous losses of organic matter and N from the site. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Forestry Sci Lab 020, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Washington State Univ, Cooperat Extens, Stevenson, WA 98648 USA. US Forestry Sci Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Cromack, K (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Forestry Sci Lab 020, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 52 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 232 EP 239 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 179ZE UT WOS:000079359600034 ER PT B AU Mowrer, HT AF Mowrer, HT BE Lowell, K Jaton, A TI Accuracy (re)assurance: Selling uncertainty assessment to the uncertain SO SPATIAL ACCURACY ASSESSMENT: LAND INFORMATION UNCERTAINTY IN NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences CY MAY 20-22, 1998 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, GIS Div, Amer Stat Assoc, Biometr Soc, Canadian Inst Geomat, Ecol Soc Amer, Sect Stat Ecol, Geomat Ind Assoc Canada, Interface Fdn N Amer, Int Union Forestry Res Org 4 01, Mensurat, Growth & Yield, Int Union Forestry Res Org 4 02, Forest Resource Inventory, Int Union Forestry Res Org 4 11, Stat Methods, Int Union Forestry Res Org 4 12, Remote Sensing, GIS, Natl Ctr Geograph Informat & Anal, Soc Amer Foresters, Int Assoc Ecol ID SIMULATION; MODELS; RISK; COST C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Mowrer, HT (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANN ARBOR PRESS, INC PI CHELSEA PA 310 NORTH MAIN STREET, CHELSEA, MI 48118 USA BN 1-57504-119-7 PY 1999 BP 3 EP 10 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Statistics & Probability SC Physical Geography; Mathematics GA BQ38U UT WOS:000088225800001 ER PT B AU Moeur, M Hershey, RR AF Moeur, M Hershey, RR BE Lowell, K Jaton, A TI Preserving spatial and attribute correlation in the interpolation of forest inventory data SO SPATIAL ACCURACY ASSESSMENT: LAND INFORMATION UNCERTAINTY IN NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences CY MAY 20-22, 1998 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, GIS Div, Amer Stat Assoc, Biometr Soc, Canadian Inst Geomat, Ecol Soc Amer, Sect Stat Ecol, Geomat Ind Assoc Canada, Interface Fdn N Amer, Int Union Forestry Res Org 4 01, Mensurat, Growth & Yield, Int Union Forestry Res Org 4 02, Forest Resource Inventory, Int Union Forestry Res Org 4 11, Stat Methods, Int Union Forestry Res Org 4 12, Remote Sensing, GIS, Natl Ctr Geograph Informat & Anal, Soc Amer Foresters, Int Assoc Ecol C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83842 USA. RP Moeur, M (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83842 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANN ARBOR PRESS, INC PI CHELSEA PA 310 NORTH MAIN STREET, CHELSEA, MI 48118 USA BN 1-57504-119-7 PY 1999 BP 419 EP 430 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Statistics & Probability SC Physical Geography; Mathematics GA BQ38U UT WOS:000088225800049 ER PT B AU Dixon, G AF Dixon, G BE Bamsey, C TI Evaluating stand density management alternatives using the forest vegetation simulator SO STAND DENSITY MANAGEMENT: USING THE PLANNING TOOLS, PROCEEDING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Stand Density Management - Using the Planning Tools CY NOV 23-24, 1998 CL EDMONTON, CANADA SP Alberta Environm Protect AB The Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) is a software cool available to forest managers to evaluate stand density management alternatives. FVS is widely used in the United States for this and other purposes. Use of FVS in Canada is limited because metric based variants calibrated to Canadian forest types are generally unavailable. FVS is a versatile and powerful tool, capable of simulating almost any management scenario and allowing users to create custom variables and relationships. In addition, model features allow easy calibration of the growth functions to input data. The suite of available FVS software make it an attractive choice to aid forest managers faced with making difficult land management decisions. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Management Serv Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Dixon, G (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Management Serv Ctr, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU CLEAR LAKE LTD PI EDMONTON PA 4310-97 ST, EDMONTON, AB T6E 5R9, CANADA BN 0-9695385-5-3 PY 1999 BP 113 EP 122 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BP37N UT WOS:000084884300016 ER PT B AU Rammer, DR AF Rammer, DR BE Avent, RR Alawady, M TI Evaluation of nail dowel bearing strength expression SO STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 New Orleans Structures Congress CY APR 18-21, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Struct Engn Inst, Struct Engineers Assoc Alabama AB An experimental study was conducted to improve the dowel bearing specific gravity relationship for nails. Dowel-bearing strength tests were performed on Maple, Southern Pine, Spruce-Pine-Ph, and Yellow Cedar specimens using 4.11-mm nails. New derived expressions are compared to current design equations. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Rammer, DR (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0421-6 PY 1999 BP 634 EP 637 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP25N UT WOS:000084507400143 ER PT B AU Falk, RH Green, D AF Falk, RH Green, D BE Avent, RR Alawady, M TI Stress grading of recycled lumber and timber SO STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING IN THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 New Orleans Structures Congress CY APR 18-21, 1999 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Struct Engn Inst, Struct Engineers Assoc Alabama AB This paper presents an overview of selected research at the Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) to characterize the grade distribution and engineering properties of lumber and timber recycled from deconstructed buildings on U.S. Army installations. The effects of splits on timber beam and column strength and the effects of damage on lumber sade yield are reported here. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Falk, RH (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0421-6 PY 1999 BP 650 EP 653 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BP25N UT WOS:000084507400146 ER PT J AU Kuykendall, LD Hashem, FM Bauchan, GR Devine, TE Dadson, RB AF Kuykendall, LD Hashem, FM Bauchan, GR Devine, TE Dadson, RB TI Symbiotic competence of Sinorhizobium fredii on twenty alfalfa cultivars of diverse dormancy SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Article DE biological nitrogen fixation; endophyte; host specificity; Medicago sativa; microsymbionts; Rhizobium meliloti; symbiosis ID RHIZOBIUM-FREDII; GENETIC DIVERSITY; HOST-SPECIFICITY; NITROGEN; STRAINS; JAPONICUM; MELILOTI; RFLP AB Effective nodulation and efficient symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation with two alfalfa cultivars, 'ARC' and 'Giza 4' by some strains of the fast-growing soybean microsymbiont species Sinorhizobium fredii was recently observed for the first time. However, the host specificity and symbiotic competence of these strains on a range of genetically diverse alfalfa cultivars had not yet been investigated. Therefore, in this study, twenty genetically distinct alfalfa cultivars that differ in origin and fall dormancy, from fall non-dormant to completely dormant, were inoculated with each of four S, fredii strains or inoculated with S, meliloti strain USDA 1936, grown in the growth-chamber or in the greenhouse for six weeks and then examined for growth vigor, nodulation and nitrogenase activities. Whereas S, fredii strains USDA 205 and USDA 208 effectively nodulated all of the alfalfa cultivars, strains USDA 201 and USDA 214 nodulated only two and six cultivars, respectively. The latter strains nodulated some of the semi-dormant and dormant alfalfa genotypes, but failed to nodulate any of the non-dormant genotypes. In many cases, strains USDA 205 and USDA 208 were as symbiotically competent with the alfalfa cultivars tested as was the alfalfa microsymbiont S. meliloti strain USDA 1936. Therefore, this study clearly shows that nodulation of alfalfa by S. fredii type strain USDA 205 and strain USDA 208 is not cultivar specific. C1 USDA ARS, BARC W, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Dept Agr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Hashem, FM (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC W, Inst Plant Sci, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM fhashem@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 1999 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 241LZ UT WOS:000082885900001 ER PT J AU Ude, GN Devine, TE Kuykendall, LD Matthews, BF Saunders, JA Kenworthy, W Lin, JJ AF Ude, GN Devine, TE Kuykendall, LD Matthews, BF Saunders, JA Kenworthy, W Lin, JJ TI Molecular mapping of the soybean nodulation gene, Rj4 SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Article DE genome mapping; chromosome; molecular markers ID MAP-BASED CLONING; BRADYRHIZOBIUM-JAPONICUM; AFLP MARKERS; GLYCINE-MAX; LINKAGE; RESISTANCE; TOMATO; LOCUS; RFLP AB The Rj4 allele in soybean protects the soybean plant from nodulation by many strains of Bradyrhizobium elkanii, a rhizobitoxine chlorosis-inducing species with generally less efficient symbiosis with soybean. However, the frequency of the Rj4 phenotype shows progressive diminution with domestication in Asia and breeding for agronomic type in North America. This decrease in frequency might be due to linkage of the Rj4 gene with unknown genes selected against during domestication and breeding for agronomic type. For this reason it is of interest to determine the location of the Rj4 gene in the soybean genome. In this study, we tested the Rj4 gene for linkage with Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers segregating in recombinant inbred lines of the cross of PI290136 X BARC-2 (Rj4). The Rj4 gene was mapped to a catena of AFLP markers. C1 ARS, Weed Sci Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Nat Resources Inst, Climate Stress Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Life Technol Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Devine, TE (reprint author), ARS, Weed Sci Lab, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 1999 VL 26 IS 2 BP 101 EP 110 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 172UZ UT WOS:000078944400001 ER PT J AU Hoberg, EP Gardner, SL Campbell, RA AF Hoberg, EP Gardner, SL Campbell, RA TI Systematics of the Eucestoda: advances toward a new phylogenetic paradigm, and observations on the early diversification of tapeworms and vertebrates SO SYSTEMATIC PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLATYHELMINTHES; CERCOMERIA; REVISION; CERCOMEROMORPHA; TETRABOTHRIIDAE; CLASSIFICATION; TERTIARY; PROGRESS; ECOLOGY; CESTODA AB Evolutionary relationships of the Eucestoda have received intense but sporadic attention over the past century. Since 1996, the landscape has dramatically changed with respect to our knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships among the tapeworms. The 2nd International Workshop for Tapeworm Systematics (IWTS) held in Lincoln, Nebraska in October of that year provided the catalyst for development of novel hypotheses for inter- and intra-ordinal phylogeny. The working-group structure of the 2nd IWTS and results of phylogenetic studies are briefly introduced in the present manuscript. Higher-level phylogenies derived from parsimony analysis of independent data bases representing comparative morphology or molecular sequences were largely congruent and supported monophyly for the Eucestoda, The Caryophyllidea are basal; difossate forms such as the Pseudophyllidea are primitive; tetrafossates including the Tetraphyllidea, Proteocephalidea, Nippotaeniidea, Tetrabothriidea and Cyclophyllidea are derived; and hypotheses differed in the placement of the Trypanorhyncha and the Diphyllidea. These studies may provide a foundation for resolution of inter- and intra-ordinal relationships for the tapeworms. Additionally, the first comprehensive phylogenetic hypotheses for the Pseudophyllidea, Diphyllidea, Trypanorhyncha, the paraphyletic Tetraphyllidea + Lecanicephalidea, Proteocephalidea and Cyclophyllidea were developed during and subsequent to the 2nd IWTS. The stage is now set for continued and rapid advances in our understanding of the eucestodes. These studies have also served to re-emphasise the rich genealogical diversity of tapeworms and the temporally deep history for their origin. A co-evolutionary history and radiation of eucestodes may involve deep co-speciation with vertebrate host taxa, accompanied by some level of colonisation and extinction, extending into the Palaeozoic, minimally 350-420 million years ago. C1 ARS, Biosystemat & Natl Parasite Collect Unit, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Nebraska, Harold W Manter Lab Parasitol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. SE Massachusetts Univ, Dept Biol, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. RP Hoberg, EP (reprint author), ARS, Biosystemat & Natl Parasite Collect Unit, USDA, BARC E No 1180,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 57 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5752 J9 SYST PARASITOL JI Syst. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 42 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1023/A:1006099009495 PG 12 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 172UX UT WOS:000078944200001 PM 10613542 ER PT J AU Bray, RA Jones, A Hoberg, EP AF Bray, RA Jones, A Hoberg, EP TI Observations on the phylogeny of the cestode order Pseudophyllidea Carus, 1863 SO SYSTEMATIC PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop for Tapeworm Systematics CY OCT 02-06, 1996 CL UNIV NEBRASKA, LINCOLN, NEBRASKA HO UNIV NEBRASKA AB A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the Pseudophyllidea, based on the 16 type-genera of putative families, indicates that a division into two suborders is reasonable. The subordinal grouping are, on the whole, congruent with those suggested by earlier workers, but the positions of three genera, Hexagonoporus, Cephalochlamys and Pambothriocephalus, are somewhat anomalous with respect to earlier work. C1 Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, London SW7 5BD, England. ARS, Biosystemat & Natl Parasite Collect Unit, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bray, RA (reprint author), Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, Cromwell Rd, London SW7 5BD, England. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5752 J9 SYST PARASITOL JI Syst. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 42 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1023/A:1006003227242 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 172UX UT WOS:000078944200002 PM 10613543 ER PT J AU Ivanov, VA Hoberg, EP AF Ivanov, VA Hoberg, EP TI Preliminary comments on a phylogenetic study of the order Diphyllidea van Beneden in Carus, 1863 SO SYSTEMATIC PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop for Tapeworm Systematics CY OCT 02-06, 1996 CL UNIV NEBRASKA, LINCOLN, NEBRASKA HO UNIV NEBRASKA AB The basis for a preliminary analysis of the relationships within the monophyletic Diphyllidea is outlined. Information on morphological characters and their interpretation within a phylogenetic context are presented. A cladistic analysis at the species level was conducted based on a matrix of 21 morphological characters. Character polarity was determined by taxonomic outgroup analysis relative to the basal orders, Pseudophyllidea and Haplobothriidea. The phylogeny for the diphyllideans was found to be poorly resolved based on characters currently available for evaluation. Computer assisted cladistic analysis found three equally parsimonious trees with a consistency index of 0.54. The topology of these trees shows that Ditrachybothridium macrocephalum is the basal taxon and the putative sister group for species of Echinobothrium; Macrobothridium rhynchobati is grouped among species of Echinobothrium. If the classification is to be consistent with this tree, M. rhynchobati should be included in the genus Echinobothrium. This observation should be carefully examined, considering the relative paucity of useful morphological characters currently available for this group. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ciencias Biol, Lab Helmintol, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. ARS, USDA, Biosystemat & Natl Parasite Collect Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ivanov, VA (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ciencias Biol, Lab Helmintol, Ciudad Univ,Pabellon 2,Piso 4, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5752 J9 SYST PARASITOL JI Syst. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 42 IS 1 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.1023/A:1006059428150 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 172UX UT WOS:000078944200003 PM 10613544 ER PT J AU Hoberg, EP Jones, A Bray, RA AF Hoberg, EP Jones, A Bray, RA TI Phylogenetic analysis among the families of the Cyclophyllidea (Eucestoda) based on comparative morphology, with new hypotheses for co-evolution in vertebrates SO SYSTEMATIC PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BIRDS; BIOGEOGRAPHY; SYSTEMATICS; CESTODES; PARASITE; LUHE AB Phylogenetic analysis of the families of the Cyclophyllidea based on comparative morphology revealed support for monophyly of the order. Four equal length trees (CI = 0.71) resulted from analysis of 42 binary and multistate characters. Major conclusions are the following: (1) a basal position for the arostellate groups, with Mesocestoididae + Nematotaeniidae representing the basal subclade; (2) polyphyly for the Anoplocephalidae with sister-group associations postulated respectively for Anoplocephalinae + Thysanosomatinae and Linstowiinae + Inermicapsiferinae; (3) recognition within the rostellate cyclophyllideans of taeniid, dilepidid and davaineid subclades and the Dipylidiidae; (4) designation of Metadilepididae + Paruterinidae as sister taxa; (5) monophyly for the Davaineidae with all inclusive subfamilies; and (6) a close relationship for the Hymenolepididae and acoleate cyclophyllideans. Monophyly for such classically defined groups as the Mesocestoididae, Taeniidae and Davaineidae is corroborated. Polyphyly of the Dilepididae sensu late, with independence of the Dipylidiidae, Dilepididae sensu Bona (1994), the Metadilepididae + Paruterinidae, and the Gryporhynchidae is confirmed. As presented these constitute testable hypotheses for monophyly and relationships among the families of the Cyclophyllidea. Initial diversification of the cyclophyllideans occurred in mammalian hosts and three independent events of colonisation of avian taxa are postulated. Origins of the cyclophyllideans extend into the Mesozoic or earlier, with extant taxa representing lineages that were persistent across the extinction event that defines the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. C1 ARS, Biosystemat & Natl Parasite Collect Unit, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Nat Hist Museum, Dept Zool, London SW7 5BD, England. RP Hoberg, EP (reprint author), ARS, Biosystemat & Natl Parasite Collect Unit, USDA, BARC E No 1180,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 84 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5752 J9 SYST PARASITOL JI Syst. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 42 IS 1 BP 51 EP 73 DI 10.1023/A:1006100629059 PG 23 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 172UX UT WOS:000078944200005 PM 10613546 ER PT S AU Klungness, JH Stroika, ML Sykes, MS AbuBakr, SM Witek, W Heise, OU AF Klungness, JH Stroika, ML Sykes, MS AbuBakr, SM Witek, W Heise, OU GP TAPPI TAPPI TI Engineering analysis of lightweight high-opacity newsprint production by fiber loading SO TAPPI 99 PROCEEDINGS - PREPARING FOR THE NEXT MILLENNIUM, VOLS 1-3: 1999 TAPPI PAPERMAKERS CONFERENCE: SESSIONS 1-8; 1999 TAPPI RECYCLING SYMPOSIUM: SESSIONS 1-6; 1999 TAPPI PROCESS CONTROL, ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION CONFERENCE 1-9 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 TAPPI Papermakers Conference/1999 TAPPI Recycling Symposium/1999 Tappi Process Control, Electrical and Information Conference - Preparing for the Next Millennium CY MAR 01-04, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GA SP TAPPI AB We estimated the capital effectiveness of fiber loading in regard to producing lightweight high-opacity newsprint. Fiber loading enhances fiber bonding at increased precipitated calcium carbonate levels without significant loss in Canadian standard freeness or additional use of energy. We investigated the return on investment (ROI) for fiber loading precipitated calcium carbonate for a hypothetical 600 metric ton/day newsprint mill. Savings were obtained from substituting lower cost fiber-loaded precipitated calcium carbonate (FLPCC) for higher cost fiber, reducing grammage and drying energy costs, and obtaining a premium for lightweight paper. Fiber loading produces a positive ROI given typical engineering costs. Assuming that a 4-g/m(2) reduction in fiber and a 6% addition of precipitated calcium carbonate is a reasonable goal for fiber-loaded newsprint, high ROIs can be reached. Assuming that FLPCC is available at $150/metric ton and 1% hydrogen peroxide is added along with typical stabilizing chemicals, the ROI is estimated to be 59.7%. If the cost of FLPCC is $75/metric ton, the ROI is estimated to be 73.4%. Other ROIs are calculated for various scenarios. Given the high possible ROIs of fiber loading for newsprint, the capital effectiveness of this process should be assessed for mottled and white-top linerboard as well as printing & writing grades. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Klungness, JH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-734-1 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1999 BP 1047 EP 1053 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BM76U UT WOS:000079716200132 ER PT S AU Klungness, JH Stroika, ML AbuBakr, SM AF Klungness, JH Stroika, ML AbuBakr, SM GP TAPPI TAPPI TAPPI TI Reduction of greenhouse gases by fiber-loaded lightweight, high-opacity newsprint production SO TAPPI INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT TAPPI International Environmental Conference CY APR 18-21, 1999 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP TAPPI, USDA, Forest Serv, PAPTAC AB We estimated the effectiveness of fiber loading in reducing greenhouse gas emissions for producing lightweight high-opacity newsprint. Fiber loading enhances fiber bonding at increased precipitated calcium carbonate levels without significant loss in Canadian Standard Freeness or additional energy use. We investigated the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions for a hypothetical 600 metric ton/day newsprint mill. The energy reductions responsible for the reduction in greenhouse gases were due to substituting more readily dewatered fiber-loaded precipitated calcium carbonate (FLPCC) for fiber, reducing grammage, and reducing the energy needed for processing fiber. This was offset by the energy needed for operating the fiber loading equipment. Assuming that a 4-g/m(2) reduction in grammage and a 6% increase in ash as a result of FLPCC are reasonable, greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced. if all newsprint currently manufactured in the United States were fiber loaded, 341,000 metric tons/year of CO(2), 127.1 metric tons/year of N(2)O, and 8.7 metric tons/year of CH(4) could be prevented from entering the atmosphere. Given the high reductions in greenhouse gases possible with FLPCC lightweight high-opacity newsprint, the environmental benefits for producing FPLCC lightweight high-opacity mottled and white-top linerboard and printing and writing grades need to be assessed. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Klungness, JH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-736-8 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1999 BP 123 EP 127 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BM95A UT WOS:000080237800019 ER PT S AU Achtemeier, GL AF Achtemeier, GL GP TAPPI TAPPI TAPPI TI Smoke management: Toward a data base to validate PB-Piedmont - Numerical simulation of smoke on the ground at night SO TAPPI INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT TAPPI International Environmental Conference CY APR 18-21, 1999 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP TAPPI, USDA, Forest Serv, PAPTAC AB The use of fire for controlled burning to meet objectives for silviculture or for ecosystem management carries the risk of liability for smoke. Near-ground smoke can degrade air quality, reduce visibility, aggravate health problems, and create a general nuisance. At night, smoke can locally limit visibility over roadways creating serious hazards to transportation. PB-Piedmont, a numerical model designed to simulate smoke movement at night over irregular terrain similar to that of the Piedmont of the Southeastern United States, is becoming available for use by land managers. PB-Piedmont has the potential to significantly!: influence management decisions and therefore must be subject to thorough validation. Decisions based on an incompletely validated model can be worse than decisions made with no model at all. This paper summarizes a project designed to acquire the necessary validation data - remote measurements of smoke on the ground taken from the air with an intensified multi-spectral video camera capable of amplifying light up to 15.000 times. The project tested the hypothesis that smoke trapped near ground at night scatters sufficient moonlight to be observed from an aircraft. Smoke movement was recorded on Super VHS tape for two nighttime prescribed fires timed to coincide with moonlight and clear sky and near calm weather conditions. Selected images for the first night, 20 March 1997. demonstrate the complexity of near-ground smoke plumes. Image data were transferred to U.S. Geological Survey elevation maps. Small variations in elevation such as gaps in ridges are critical to smoke movement. PB-Piedmont must accurately simulate smoke movement at night on terrain scales that smoke "sees". C1 USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Achtemeier, GL (reprint author), USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-736-8 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1999 BP 433 EP 442 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BM95A UT WOS:000080237800054 ER PT S AU McMahon, CK AF McMahon, CK GP TAPPI TAPPI TAPPI TI Forest fires and smoke - Impacts on air quality and human health in the USA SO TAPPI INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT TAPPI International Environmental Conference CY APR 18-21, 1999 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP TAPPI, USDA, Forest Serv, PAPTAC AB Scientific and regulatory interest in the air quality impacts of forest fire smoke (both prescribed and wildfires) followed the implementation of the 1970 Clean Air Act amendments. Attention on forest fires became more focused as a series of new amendments were enacted to protect the air quality and visibility of "natural" areas; and as the particulate matter air quality standards on "inhalable" and "respirable" particles were tightened. Forest fires have been shown to be a significant source of these small particles. Resource managers are adapting to these regulations by adopting Smoke Management strategies which include sophisticated decision support systems. Currently, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (with public & private input) is developing a national "Wildland Fire/Air Quality" policy which attempts to integrate two public policy goals (I)to allow fire to function in its natural role to maintain healthy ecosystems and (2) to protect public health and welfare by mitigating smoke impacts. Heightened concern about the occupational health effects of forest fire smoke followed the 1988 Yellowstone fire when thousands of firefighters experienced respiratory problems. In 1989, a series of studies were commissioned related to the effects of immediate and long-term exposure to forest fire smoke. While all the studies have not been completed, results to date indicate that the incidence of exposure which exceed current Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards were relatively low (fewer than 5 percent of cases). As research continues, strategies for risk management are being developed to reduce smoke exposure and monitor worker health. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP McMahon, CK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 520 Devall Dr, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-736-8 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1999 BP 443 EP 453 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BM95A UT WOS:000080237800055 ER PT S AU Wade, D Outcalt, K AF Wade, D Outcalt, K GP TAPPI TAPPI TAPPI TI Prescription fire to manage southern pine plantations - Damned if you do, damned if you don't SO TAPPI INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT TAPPI International Environmental Conference CY APR 18-21, 1999 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP TAPPI, USDA, Forest Serv, PAPTAC AB This paper discusses some ramifications of using herbicides in place of prescription fire on southern pine plantations. The historic role of fire in the South and its use by industrial foresters is briefly recounted. Reasons are given for the shift by industry, from leaders in advocating and using prescription fire to its almost total replacement by herbicides in plantation management during the past several decades. The 1998 Florida wildfires are used to examine the dependence of the timber loss on stand-tending treatments and on the elapsed time since application. We suggest industry reconsider its decision to exclude prescribed fire in plantation management. Not because it is a necessary silvicultural treatment, but as insurance against plantation loss and because it will make nearby residents feel more secure about the safety of their property during future wildfires. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Wade, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-736-8 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1999 BP 455 EP 460 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BM95A UT WOS:000080237800056 ER PT S AU Myers, GC Barbour, RJ AbuBakr, S AF Myers, GC Barbour, RJ AbuBakr, S GP TAPPI TAPPI TAPPI TI Small-diameter trees used for chemithermomechanical pulp SO TAPPI INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT TAPPI International Environmental Conference CY APR 18-21, 1999 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP TAPPI, USDA, Forest Serv, PAPTAC AB During the course of restoring and maintaining forest ecosystem health and function in the western interior of the United States, many small-diameter stems are removed from densely stocked stands. In general these materials are considered nonusable or underutilized. Information on the properties of these resources is needed to help managers understand when timber sales are a viable option to accomplish ecosystem management objectives. Pulp is a logical use for this small-diameter material. In this study, chemithermochemical pulps (CTMP) were prepared and evaluated from lodgepole pine and mixed Douglas-fir/western larch sawmill residue chips; lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir, and western larch submerchantable logs; and lodgepole pine, Douglas-fir, and western larch small trees. Douglas-western larch mixture and lodgepole pine sawmill residue chips obtained commercially were used as the control in making comparisons. CTMP prepared from Douglas-fir small trees, Douglas-fir submerchantable trees, and lodgepole pine small trees consumed the most electrical energy during pulp preparation had the best paper strength properties, and the poorest optical properties compared with the control. Lodgepole pine submerchantable logs consumed less electrical energy, had marginal strength properties, and poor optical properties. Western larch submerchantable logs and small trees had the lowest electrical energy consumption Door strength properties, but some of the better optical properties. The pulp preparation procedures selected for western larch submerchantable logs and small trees were detrimental to the pulp and paper properties. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Myers, GC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-736-8 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1999 BP 481 EP 490 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BM95A UT WOS:000080237800060 ER PT S AU Barbour, RJ AF Barbour, RJ GP TAPPI TAPPI TAPPI TI Wood production from ecosystem management activities in the Western United States: Contributions from the USDA Forest Service PNWResearch Station. SO TAPPI INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT TAPPI International Environmental Conference CY APR 18-21, 1999 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP TAPPI, USDA, Forest Serv, PAPTAC AB Managing forests for non-timber objectives such as habitat for threatened or endangered species, water quality, recreational opportunities, aesthetic features, and other outputs need not preclude production of wood products. In fact, removal of some trees is often necessary to accomplish these non-timber objectives. In the Western United States, Federal, State and private land managers often consider management strategies that help maintain healthy ecosystems and restore damaged ones. Management strategies for federal land are now developed at the landscape level and stand level actions are linked to the landscape strategy. Development of proposed actions often includes input from a host of interest groups and requires balancing management objectives with political realities. Much of the wood removed during the resulting treatments is from small-diameter trees (10 to 18 cm dbh). Although the costs of removing it are high, the wood quality (suitability for an intended use) is often good and pilot studies suggest this resource is suitable for many traditional and non-traditional products. This paper summarizes results of multidisciplinary work coordinated by the Ecologically Sustainable Production of Forest Resources team at the USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station. The ESP team's focus is to investigate the technical and economic feasibility of utilizing wood removals to help finance ecosystem management activities. This work helps federal and other land managers understand forest management effects on wood quality and the importance of marketing timber in ways that most effectively capture its economic value while accomplishing desired ecological objectives by its removal. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Barbour, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-736-8 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1999 BP 491 EP 500 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BM95A UT WOS:000080237800061 ER PT S AU Sykes, M Yang, V Blankenburg, J AbuBakr, S AF Sykes, M Yang, V Blankenburg, J AbuBakr, S GP TAPPI TAPPI TAPPI TI Biotechnology: Working with nature to improve forest resources and products SO TAPPI INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT TAPPI International Environmental Conference CY APR 18-21, 1999 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP TAPPI, USDA, Forest Serv, PAPTAC ID PHYTOREMEDIATION; POPLAR; PERSPECTIVES; REMEDIATION; ENZYMES; TREES; PAPER AB The role of biotechnology in the forest products industry is expanding beyond the pulp and paper industry. Applications that can contribute to forest sustainability include genetic engineering and phytoremediation. Genetic engineering makes it possible to modify forest trees for desirable traits, such as disease or pest resistance, and to replicate these improved trees by cloning. An example of genetic modification that has direct environmental implications is phytoremediation, the use of genetically modified trees for soil remediation. Phytoremediation works by decontaminating toxic pollutants in the soil or by stabilizing and sequestering toxins. This paper provides an overview of recent publications in these new areas of biotechnology. RP Sykes, M (reprint author), Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-736-8 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1999 BP 631 EP 637 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BM95A UT WOS:000080237800078 ER PT S AU Clark, A McMinn, JW AF Clark, A McMinn, JW GP TAPPI TAPPI TAPPI TI Species composition, tree quality and wood properties of southern pine stands under ecosystem management on National Forests in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain SO TAPPI INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT TAPPI International Environmental Conference CY APR 18-21, 1999 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP TAPPI, USDA, Forest Serv, PAPTAC AB National Forests in the United States are under sustainable ecosystem management to conserve biodiversity, achieve sustainable conditions and improve the balance among forest values. This paper reports on a study established to identify the implications of ecosystem management strategies on natural stands in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain. The impact of partial harvests, group selections, seed tree cuts and no human disturbance on species composition, wood properties and tree quality of pine stands in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain is described. C1 US Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP US Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-736-8 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1999 BP 639 EP 645 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BM95A UT WOS:000080237800079 ER PT S AU Scott, CT Zauscher, S Klingenberg, DJ AF Scott, CT Zauscher, S Klingenberg, DJ GP TAPPI TAPPI TAPPI TI Rheology and extrusion of low-grade paper and sludge SO TAPPI INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT TAPPI International Environmental Conference CY APR 18-21, 1999 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP TAPPI, USDA, Forest Serv, PAPTAC AB This paper discusses efforts to characterize the rheological properties of pulps that include low-grade wastepapers and papermill sludges to determine their potential for extrusion and conversion into useful products. We investigated apparent changes in viscosity associated with the addition of typical inorganic paper fillers (calcium carbonate, kaolin clay, and titanium dioxide) to "clean" pulps. Addition of calcium carbonate significantly increased apparent pulp viscosity, but clay and titanium dioxide had minimal effects. When high molecular weight sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was added to the pulps, fillers had a minimal effect on viscosity. We determined that a non-cleaned recycled magazine pulp (OMG) makes a suitable model sludge for extrusion purposes. Various levels of OMG were added to a variety of clean pulps and the pulps were extruded. As the ratio of OMG in the feed composition increased, the extrusion conditions (screw torque and die pressure) were reduced significantly, as were tensile properties. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Scott, CT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RI Zauscher, Stefan/C-3947-2008 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-736-8 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1999 BP 685 EP 690 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BM95A UT WOS:000080237800084 ER PT S AU AbuBakr, S Peng, J AF AbuBakr, S Peng, J GP TAPPI TAPPI TAPPI TI Innovative approach to solving "stickies" problem and developing environmentally benign pressure sensitive adhesives through partnerships SO TAPPI INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT TAPPI International Environmental Conference CY APR 18-21, 1999 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP TAPPI, USDA, Forest Serv, PAPTAC AB As a result of a United States Postal Service (USPS) initiative, a work team consisting of the USPS, the Forest Products Laboratory(FPL), Springborn Testing and Research (STR), and industry representatives was formed. The industry representatives include papermakers, paper recyclers, paper collectors, equipment manufacturers, paper users, and adhesive and chemical suppliers. The objective of the work team is to develop new and innovative solutions to the problems associated with recycling recovered paper containing pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs). Initial open discussions were held at USPS-sponsored conferences during 1995-1997, followed by work team meetings, also organized by the USPS. As a result of this collaboration and based on the criteria set by the paper industry, the adhesive industry is formulating new PSAs that are mostly removable in the screening stage of the recycling process. As a result of these combined efforts, protocols were developed to evaluate the newly developed adhesives. This paper outlines a pilot-scale separation sequence to assess the removal of contaminants from the feed stock containing PSAs. The sequence involves high consistency pulping, pressure screening, forward and reverse cleaning, and washing and flotation deinking. The protocols simulating typical recycling operations and using preconsumed, postconsumed, and control stocks were further refined to reflect optimum operating conditions, such as temperature, consistency, screen size, and repulping energy. Fourteen newly formulated adhesives were evaluated using this pilot-scale protocol. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP AbuBakr, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-736-8 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1999 BP 763 EP 765 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BM95A UT WOS:000080237800093 ER PT S AU Houtman, CJ Reiner, RS Reichel, SE Birchmeier, MJ Sullivan, CE Weinstock, IA Atalla, RH AF Houtman, CJ Reiner, RS Reichel, SE Birchmeier, MJ Sullivan, CE Weinstock, IA Atalla, RH GP TAPPI TAPPI TAPPI TI Closed-mill delignification by design using polyoxometalates SO TAPPI INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 SE TAPPI PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT TAPPI International Environmental Conference CY APR 18-21, 1999 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP TAPPI, USDA, Forest Serv, PAPTAC ID ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN TECHNOLOGY; TRANSITION-METAL CATALYSIS; WATER-SOLUBLE SALTS; POM ANIONS; OXYGEN; PULP; OXIDATION; MODEL AB Polyoxometalates (POMs) are a class of delignification agents that promise to provide the basis for a new closed-mill bleaching technology. The results presented here are based on the use of Na(6)SiV(2)W(10)O(40), which is effective in reducing the Kappa number of softwood Kraft pulp from 30 to below 10 with minimal loss in viscosity. A critical part of a viable POM process is the elimination of the organic lignin and carbohydrate-derived fragments dissolved during the delignification. To simulate a closed process, a series of pulp samples were delignified with the same POM liquor. Before each pulp sample was treated, the liquor was oxidized to regenerate the POM and remove a large portion of the organic material dissolved during the previous delignification step. By collecting and reusing the wash water during this set of experiments, we showed that a steady-state carbon load will be achieved and that the proposed industrial process is feasible. The rate of the wet oxidation of organic material was similar to the rate observed for acetate oxidation. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Houtman, CJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAPPI PRESS PI ATLANTA PA TECHNOLOGY PARK, PO BOX 105113, ATLANTA, GA 30348 USA SN 1047-3033 BN 0-89852-736-8 J9 P TECH AS P PY 1999 BP 819 EP 829 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BM95A UT WOS:000080237800099 ER PT J AU Plewa, MJ Wagner, ED Berhow, MA Conway, A Rayburn, AL Anderson, D AF Plewa, MJ Wagner, ED Berhow, MA Conway, A Rayburn, AL Anderson, D TI Antimutagenic activity of chemical fractions isolated from a commercial soybean processing by-product SO TERATOGENESIS CARCINOGENESIS AND MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE soybean flavonoids; Comet assay; IQ, 2AAAF, CHO cells; CHL cells; human lymphocytes; chemoprotectant; single cell gel electrophoresis ID CELL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; COMET-ASSAY; IN-VITRO; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; FOOD MUTAGENS; ISOFLAVONES; CANCER; SPERM; PHYTOESTROGENS AB Commercial products of agronomic crop plants may become a reliable and inexpensive source of phytonutrients, such as antimutagenic food supplements. We previously demonstrated that PCC, an ethanol extract of a commercial soybean processing by-product, was able to repress induced genomic DNA damage, whole cell clastogenicity, and point mutation in mammalian cells. In this paper we separated PCC into a series of chemically defined fractions and determined their ability to repress induced mutagenic damage in Chinese hamster lung cells, Chinese hamster ovary cells and human lymphocytes. Fraction PCC70 (PCC 70% methanol eluate) contained the flavonoids from PCC and daidzin and genistin repressed 2-acetoxy-acetylaminofluorene (2AAAF)-induced DNA damage measured with single cell gel electrophoresis. Genistein, however, enhanced the genotoxic impact of 2AAAF. Fraction PCC100 (PCC 100% methanol eluate) had the greatest level of antigenotoxic activity against 2AAAF in CHO cells and repressed the genotoxic capacity of the dietary carcinogen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo-(4,5-f)quinoline (IQ) in human lymphocytes. These data indicate that commercial soybean products and by-products may be a source of chemoprotective food additives. Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. 19:121-135, 1999. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. BIBRA Int, Carshalton, Surrey, England. RP Plewa, MJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, Dept Crop Sci, 364 Environm & Agr Sci Bldg,1101 W Peabody Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Anderson, Diana/J-6472-2015 OI Anderson, Diana/0000-0001-9673-0398 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0270-3211 J9 TERATOGEN CARCIN MUT JI Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. PY 1999 VL 19 IS 2 BP 121 EP 135 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6866(1999)19:2<121::AID-TCM5>3.0.CO;2-O PG 15 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 193NZ UT WOS:000080144100005 PM 10332809 ER PT J AU Hatfield, JL Prueger, JH Meek, DW AF Hatfield, JL Prueger, JH Meek, DW TI Spatial variation of rainfall over a large watershed in central Iowa SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION AB Rainfall amounts and the distribution across the landscape are critical to decision-making and evaluation of hydrological models. Spatial variation in rainfall has been observed through anecdotal evidence and limited studies; however, there is little quantitative evidence that can be used to assess rainfall variation within a watershed on a daily, monthly, or yearly temporal scale. This study was conducted to quantify the spatial variation within a watershed in central Iowa and to determine if there were consistent differences among rain gages for the period from 1991 through 1998. The study was conducted within Walnut Creek watershed located south of Ames, Iowa on the Des Moines Lobe Landform region. The topography of this 5130 ha watershed is characterized by gently rolling fields with a narrow area of steeper land along the stream in the lower part of the watershed. Twenty-two tipping bucket rain gages were placed throughout the watershed and rainfall was recorded as 5 minute totals and then aggregated into daily totals. Accumulation of errors of the 5 minute values into the daily totals were considered to be random. There was a large coefficient of variation in the average daily totals: however, there was no consistent pattern of variation among rain gages, and coefficient of variation decreased with amount of rain. Each rain gage had an equal chance of receiving the lowest or highest rainfall total for any given storm event. When the daily average was computed over the year, there were no differences among rain gages. Monthly and yearly totals showed a decreased coefficient of variation compared to daily totals. There was no consistent pattern of spottiness within the watershed and if daily rainfall amounts are required for a decision, then direct measurements may be required. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hatfield, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PY 1999 VL 64 IS 1-2 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1007/s007040050110 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 253TG UT WOS:000083571400005 ER PT J AU Ronning, CM Stommel, JR Kowalski, SP Sanford, LL Kobayashi, RS Pineada, O AF Ronning, CM Stommel, JR Kowalski, SP Sanford, LL Kobayashi, RS Pineada, O TI Identification of molecular markers associated with leptine production in a population of Solanum chacoense Bitter SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE glycoalkaloids; potato; metabolic pathways; RAPD; leptine; insect resistance; Solanum ID BULKED SEGREGANT ANALYSIS; POTATO GLYCOALKALOIDS; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; RESISTANCE GENES; RAPD; TOMATO; GENOMES; APPLE; MAPS; SCAR AB Solanum chacoense Bitter, a wild relative of the cultivated potato, produces several glycoalkaloids, including solanine, chaconine, and the leptines. The foliar-specific leptine glycoalkaloids are believed to confer resistance to the Colorado Potato Beetle (CPB). Using two bulked DNA samples composed of high and low-percent leptine individuals from a segregating F-1 population of S. chacoense, we have identified two molecular markers that are closely linked to high percent solanine + chaconine and, conversely, to nil/low percent leptine. One of these, a 1,500-bp RAPD product (UBC370-1500), had a recombination value of 3% in the F-1 progeny, indicating tight linkage. UBC370-1500 mapped to the end of the short arm of potato chromosome 1, in the region of a previously mapped major QTL for solanidine, from a S. tuberosum (solanidine)x S. berthaultii (solasodine) cross. Taken together, these results suggest that either (1) a major locus determining solanidine accumulation in Solanum spp. is on chromosome 1 in the region defined by the RFLP markers TG24, CT197, and CT233, or (2) this region of chromosome 1 may harbor two or more important genes which determine accumulation of steroidal aglycones. These findings are important for the genetics of leptine las well as other glycoalkaloid) accumulation and for the development of CPB-resistant potato varieties. C1 USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Stommel, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 98 IS 1 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.1007/s001220051037 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 162NL UT WOS:000078353200005 ER PT J AU Kappes, SM AF Kappes, SM TI Utilization of gene mapping information in livestock animals SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th Annual Conference of the International-Embryo-Transfer-Society CY JAN, 1999 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Int Embryo Transfer Soc DE gene mapping; cattle; sheep; pigs; nuclear transfer ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; LINKAGE MAP; BOS-TAURUS; PORCINE GENOME; BOVINE GENOME; CHROMOSOMAL HOMOLOGIES; ZOO-FISH; CATTLE; SHEEP; RECEPTOR AB A number of recent advances in genomic research will change and improve livestock production in the near future. Genetic linkage maps have been developed for a number of livestock species including cattle, sheep, and pigs. These maps allow scientists to identify chromosomal regions that influence traits of economic importance. This information will lead to improved genetic selection practices by identifying animals with superior copies of the chromosomal regions that affect the selected trait. This mapping information will also be used to identify the genes controlling the trait. A number of genomic regions or loci have already been reported that affect production, carcass or disease traits, and in a few cases, a specific gene has been identified. Production of transgenic animals with sequence changes in these genes may be beneficial for evaluating the effect of the gene upon the selected trait and more specifically the effect of certain polymorphisms (mutations) within the gene. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Kappes, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Box 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 61 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 51 IS 1 BP 135 EP 147 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(98)00237-4 PG 13 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 154AM UT WOS:000077865900018 PM 10729068 ER PT J AU Dobrinsky, JR Nagashima, H Pursel, VG Long, CR Johnson, LA AF Dobrinsky, JR Nagashima, H Pursel, VG Long, CR Johnson, LA TI Cryopreservation of swine embryos with reduced lipid content SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Osaka Univ, Sch Med, Biomed Res Ctr, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 51 IS 1 BP 164 EP 164 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(99)91723-5 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 154AM UT WOS:000077865900024 ER PT J AU Edwards, JL Powell, AM Talbot, NC Garrett, WM Pursel, VG AF Edwards, JL Powell, AM Talbot, NC Garrett, WM Pursel, VG TI Development of reconstructed embryos activated immediately or 4 hours after assessment of fusion with fetal fibroblasts SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 51 IS 1 BP 202 EP 202 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(99)91761-2 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 154AM UT WOS:000077865900062 ER PT J AU Fazio, RA Hockett, ME Edwards, JL Rohrbach, NR Schrick, FN AF Fazio, RA Hockett, ME Edwards, JL Rohrbach, NR Schrick, FN TI Effects of body condition and/or pregnancy status on developmental potential of bovine oocytes SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Anim Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 51 IS 1 BP 223 EP 223 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(99)91782-X PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 154AM UT WOS:000077865900083 ER PT J AU Talbot, NC Caperna, TJ Edwards, JL Garrett, W Ealy, AD AF Talbot, NC Caperna, TJ Edwards, JL Garrett, W Ealy, AD TI Establishment of bovine blastocyst-derived trophectoderm and endoderm cell lines: Use of interferon tau and serum protein expression as respective in vitro markers SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 51 IS 1 BP 231 EP 231 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(99)91790-9 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 154AM UT WOS:000077865900091 ER PT J AU Holyoak, GR Wang, S Panter, KE Liu, Y Evans, RC Bunch, TD AF Holyoak, GR Wang, S Panter, KE Liu, Y Evans, RC Bunch, TD TI Effects of swainsonine on bovine embryo development following in vitro maturation and fertilization SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Utah State Univ, ADVS Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 51 IS 1 BP 272 EP 272 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(99)91831-9 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 154AM UT WOS:000077865900132 ER PT J AU Kraus, TJ Muck, RE Koegel, RG AF Kraus, TJ Muck, RE Koegel, RG TI Effect of maceration on respiration of alfalfa SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; forage; maceration; respiration; forage conditioning AB Unconditioned and macerated alfalfa samples at approximately 55 and 80% moisture wet basis (w.b.) were incubated at 11 and 31 degrees C for 48 h and rates of CO2 respired from each sample were measured. Production of CO2 from unconditioned alfalfa samples appeared to be due to plant cell respiration while production of CO2 from the macerated alfalfa samples appeared to be due primarily to microbial growth. Typically, the initial respiration rates of the macerated samples were less than the control samples. When the samples were incubated at 31 degrees C, the rates of CO2 production from the macerated samples increased exponentially to approximately four times that of the control samples 6 to 20 h after the samples had been macerated. Consequently, the cumulative loss of DM from the macerated samples during the first 12 h of incubation was less than that of the control samples; however, after 12 h of incubation, loss of DM from the macerated samples increased to nearly twice the level of the control samples. At 11 degrees C, DM losses over 48 h in the macerated treatments were lower than the corresponding control treatments in three of four cases. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Biol Syst Engn Dept, Madison, WI USA. ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, USDA, Madison, WI USA. RP Kraus, TJ (reprint author), New Holland Amer Inc, 500 Diller Ave,POB 1895, New Holland, PA 17557 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 42 IS 1 BP 5 EP 10 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190BV UT WOS:000079942400001 ER PT J AU Baker, RV Hughs, SE AF Baker, RV Hughs, SE TI Evaluation of two long-cone cyclone designs SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE cotton; gin; trash; emissions; cyclone; dust; PM10 AB TWO experimental long-cone cyclone designs were evaluated in an experiment using full-scale cyclones and cotton gin trash from stripper-harvested cotton. The long-cone cyclones, when compared to a conventional 1D3D cyclone, significantly reduced particulate emissions and static pressure requirements. C1 ARS, USDA, Ginning Res Lab, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. ARS, USDA, Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM USA. RP Baker, RV (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ginning Res Lab, Route 3,Box 215, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 42 IS 1 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190BV UT WOS:000079942400002 ER PT J AU Baker, RV Hughs, SE AF Baker, RV Hughs, SE TI Influence of air inlet and outlet design and trash exit size on 1D3D cyclone performance SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE cotton gins; cyclones; performance; dust; collectors AB A 2D2D-type cyclone inlet was substituted for the tall, narrow inlet of the standard 1D3D cyclone to overcome choking problems when using the standard flat-top inlet transition, or performance problems when using an inverted transition. This inlet modification lowered the modified cyclone's emissions by 8 to 9%, and slightly reduced its static pressure requirements. The 1D3D cyclone equipped with a 2D2D inlet operated satisfactorily with either the standard 1D3D-type air outlet duct, or the shorter 2D2D-type outlet. The size of the cyclone's trash exit significantly affected PM10 emissions. A larger (D/3) size exit produced PM10 emissions that were about 8% lower than those resulting from use of the standard, small-diameter (D/4) exit. C1 ARS, USDA, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. ARS, USDA, Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM USA. RP Baker, RV (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Cotton Prod & Proc Res Unit, Route 3,Box 215, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 42 IS 1 BP 17 EP 21 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190BV UT WOS:000079942400003 ER PT J AU Derksen, RC Coffman, CW Jiang, C Gulyas, SW AF Derksen, RC Coffman, CW Jiang, C Gulyas, SW TI Influence of hooded and air-assist vineyard applications on plant and worker protection SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE air-assist sprayer; hooded sprayer; deposition; vineyard; grape; disease; pesticide exposure; coverage; operator exposure ID SPRAY AB The effects of air-assisted delivery and spray volume on spray deposit characteristics, disease management and worker exposure were evaluated in a commercial vineyard using a crop with a characteristically Eight to medium density canopy. Neutron activation techniques were used to quantify amounts of fungicide on the leaf samples and on driver clothing. Spray quality characteristics were evaluated using a computer imaging system. Conventional applications were made using an air-assist sprayer with centrifugal fans. A hooded sprayer was used to make non-air-assisted applications at two application rates. The performance of the hooded sprayer treatments was equivalent to or superior to the conventional sprayer: Performance evaluations included quantification of foliar and clothing spray deposits, foliar spray coverage, and foliar disease ratings. Results indicate that under similar crop conditions, the hooded sprayer can reduce worker contamination and spray drift while providing equivalent control of vineyard diseases compared to the conventional, air-assist sprayer. C1 ARS, USDA, ATRU, OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Cornell Univ, Text & Apparel Dept, Ithaca, NY USA. Cornell Univ, Ctr Stat, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Derksen, RC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ATRU, OARDC, Agr Engn Bldg,1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 42 IS 1 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190BV UT WOS:000079942400005 ER PT J AU Sheridan, JM Lowrance, R Bosch, DD AF Sheridan, JM Lowrance, R Bosch, DD TI Management effects on runoff and sediment transport in riparian forest buffers SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE forest management; riparian forests; riparian forest buffer system; nonpoint source; pollution; water quality ID COASTAL-PLAIN WATERSHEDS; FILTER STRIPS; NUTRIENT; WETLANDS; QUALITY; NITRATE; SYSTEM AB The effectiveness of mature riparian forests in reducing the impact of agriculture on the quality of the nation's water resources has been documented, but the impact of forest management practices implemented within riparian forest buffers on their water quality function has not been evaluated. This article examines the effect of forest management within a Coastal Plain riparian forest buffer system (RFBS) on runoff and sediment transport over a four year period. The RFBS, which conformed to USDA-FS and USDA-NRCS best management recommendations, included a narrow ship of undisturbed forest located adjacent to the stream drainage system (Zone 1), a wide managed pine forest downslope from the grass filter (Zone 2), and a narrow grass filter strip immediately downslope from an agricultural field (Zone 3). Forest management treatments evaluated within Zone 2 were mature forest, clear-cut and selectively-thinned Significant reductions in runoff and sediment transport were measured under all three forest management treatments. The primary zone of runoff and sediment reduction was within the grass filter portion of the RFBS. These results indicate that riparian forests within a RFBS may be managed for economic return to the land owner without adversely affecting the runoff and sediment reduction function performed by these buffer systems. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Sheridan, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 946, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 38 TC 77 Z9 88 U1 6 U2 29 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 42 IS 1 BP 55 EP 64 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190BV UT WOS:000079942400009 ER PT J AU McGregor, KC Cullum, RF Mutchler, CK AF McGregor, KC Cullum, RF Mutchler, CK TI Long-term management effects on runoff, erosion, and crop production SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE soil productivity; erosion; no-till; conventional till; conservation tillage; runoff ID SOIL AB Twelve pairs of no-till and conventional-till soybean plots were used to evaluate the effects of erosion on erodibility and soil productivity Crop yield data were collected from 1983 to 1997 and an initial report published in 1992 on results from the first eight years of data. No-till annual crop yields varied widely due to weather but appeared to slightly decrease with time. A definitive trend line was derived for declining conventional-till soybean yields with time. In the first several years after establishment of no-till, conventional-till yields exceeded no-till yields. However no-till yields exceeded those from conventional-till by about 800 kg/ha after 14 years. Runoff and soil losses from no-till and conventional till were measured from selected pairs of plots with a rainulator in 1986, 1987, 1990, and 1996. Rain was applied to each pair after a light cultivation used to provide a similar surface to both no-till and conventional till. Runoff from 60-min initial runs at 65 mm/h on the no-till history plots was 11 to 35% less than from conventional-till history plots. During these runs, soil loss amounts from no-till history were 23 to 77% less than from the conventional-till history. Soil losses from no-till decreased slightly with time. Except for 1990, soil losses from conventional-till changed little with time from initiation of the test. Little support was given for earlier indications of a trend for increasing erodibility with time for plots with conventional-till history. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP McGregor, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 42 IS 1 BP 99 EP 105 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190BV UT WOS:000079942400013 ER PT J AU Bonta, JV AF Bonta, JV TI Water sampler and flow measurement for runoff containing large sediment particles SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE drop-box weir; erosion; samples large particles; sediment; rocks; composite sampler; flow-weighted sampler ID 3 OHIO WATERSHEDS; HYDROLOGY; IMPACT AB A flow-measuring and composite water-sampler system was needed for sampling sediment-laden flows containing large rock particlebs from strip-mine spoil erosion plots. The median percentage of soil particle sizes greater than 16 mm of the greater-than 2 mm fraction was 25%. A modified drop-box weir was used for measuring flows, and for providing a well-mixed water and sediment flow that could be sampled. A "diverter" composite sampler was designed to divert the entire flow from a waste position to a sample position, and precluded the need to subsample (split) the sampled flows. Indoor testing of the sampler showed the sampler worked well with the modified drop-box weir Field evaluation showed the sampler and drop-box weir worked well under natural rainfall conditions. Recommendations for improvement in sampler and weir operation are given. Use of the sampler for other applications is also discussed. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Bonta, JV (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, POB 488, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 42 IS 1 BP 107 EP 114 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190BV UT WOS:000079942400014 ER PT J AU Parker, DB Schulte, DD Nienaber, JA AF Parker, DB Schulte, DD Nienaber, JA TI Flat-plate freeze sampler for sludge characterization in a feedlot runoff storage pond SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE sampler; sludge; sediment; storage pond; lagoon; wetland AB Collecting undisturbed sludge and sediment samples is difficult in saturated or near-saturated, wetland or pond environments. A sampling device was developed for sampling sludge in a beef cattle feedlot runoff storage pond. The device enabled stratified samples to be frozen to one side of its exterior surface. Dry ice and isopropyl alcohol were used as the freezing media in the sampler The utility of the sampler was demonstrated with photographs and data delineating sediment layers by color and chemical concentrations. The sampler proved to be effective for obtaining an undisturbed, visual representation of soft sediments and sludges, and should have many uses in sediment and wetland research. C1 W Texas A&M Univ, Texas A&M Univ Syst, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Clay Ctr, NE USA. ARS, USDA, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Parker, DB (reprint author), W Texas A&M Univ, Texas A&M Univ Syst, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 42 IS 1 BP 123 EP 125 PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190BV UT WOS:000079942400016 ER PT J AU Reinemann, DJ Stetson, LE Reilly, JP Laughlin, NK AF Reinemann, DJ Stetson, LE Reilly, JP Laughlin, NK TI Dairy cow sensitivity to short duration electrical currents SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE stray voltage; stray current; transient voltage; daily cows; electrical stimulation ID CATTLE AB The results of 299 tests to determine the behavioral response threshold of dairy cows to a variety of short-duration or 'transient' electrical current waveforms via the muzzle to 4-hoof pathway are reported. The phase duration of stimuli tested ranged from 10 mu s to 8.3 ms. Phase duration is defined as the time between two consecutive Zero crossing points of the waveform (e.g., 1/2 cycle of a sinusoidal waveform). The amplitude of the electrical currents, at a given phase duration, were increased in an ascending series. The lowest threshold current at which an observer could detect a behavioral change was determined for individual cows. Various behaviors were quantified. Facial activity was the most sensitive behavioral response followed by front hoof lifting Human observers measurements of hoof lifting agreed well with automated recording of animal motion. Tail motion showed no statistically significant response to the current stimulus. Cows were less sensitive (e.g., more current was required to elicit a response) to shorter duration or higher frequency waveforms. The strength-duration relationship observed for cows agreed well with neuro-electrical models previously verified by human response. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. Univ Wisconsin, Harlow Ctr Biol Psychol, Madison, WI USA. RP Reinemann, DJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 42 IS 1 BP 215 EP 222 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190BV UT WOS:000079942400026 ER PT J AU Wang, D Dowell, FE Lacey, RE AF Wang, D Dowell, FE Lacey, RE TI Single wheat kernel color classification using neural networks SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE wheat; color principal component analysis; artificial neural networks; near-infrared reflectance ID NEAR-INFRARED TRANSMITTANCE; HARD RED WHEAT; REFLECTANCE; SPECTRA AB An optical radiation measurement system, which measures reflectance spectra from 400 to 2000 nm, was used to quantify single wheat kernel color Six classes of wheat were used for this study. A neural network (NN) using input data dimension reduction by divergence feature selection and by principal component analysis was used to determine single wheat kernel color class. The highest classification accuracy was 98.8% when the divergence feature selection method was used to reduce the number of NN inputs. The highest classification accuracy was 98% when principal component analysis method was used to reduce the number of NN inputs. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 34 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 42 IS 1 BP 233 EP 240 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190BV UT WOS:000079942400028 ER PT J AU Huang, J Li, Y Slavik, MF Tao, Y Huff, GR AF Huang, J Li, Y Slavik, MF Tao, Y Huff, GR TI Identification and enumeration of Salmonella on sample slides of poultry carcass wash water using image analysis with fluorescent microscopy SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE image analysis; fluorescent microscopy; Salmonella typhimurium; bacterial detection AB Rapid detection of bacteria on poultry carcasses is desirable for the poultry industry to enhance food safety of poultry products. This research focused on image analysis with fluorescent microscopy for identification and enumeration of Salmonella typhimurium on sample slides of poultry carcass wash water which were prepared using fluorescent antibodies and immune-magnetic beads. The criteria of morphological and optical characteristics of S. typhimurium cells, including area, aspect ratio, diameter major and minor axis, maximum and minimum radii, perimeter radius ratio, length and width, and intensity were developed. An algorithm that included channel extracting, median filtering, image sharpening, image dilation and erosion, image flattening, and watershed filtering was selected using Image-Pro(R) Plus software to analyze the acquired images. The algorithm was trained with 110 slide samples. The regression analysis showed that the relationship between the automatic image counting and the microbial plate counting was linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.88. The detection limit of this method was 1 x 10(4) cells/mL, and the time needed was less than 4 h. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR USA. USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR USA. Univ Arkansas, Poultry Sci Ctr 0 411, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Poultry Sci Ctr 0 411, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 42 IS 1 BP 267 EP 273 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 190BV UT WOS:000079942400032 ER PT S AU Dombeck, MP AF Dombeck, MP BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI Change and challenges in the USDA Forest Service SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-FOURTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th North-American-Wildlife-and-Natural-Resource Conference on Natural Resource Management Perceptions and Realities CY MAR 26-30, 1999 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP N Amer Wildlife & Nat Resource, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bur Reclamat, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US EPA, Bur Land Management, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, USDA, Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Corp, Sea World, Busch Gardens, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Inst Legislat Action, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc, Sebastiani Vineyards Inc, Izaak Walton League Amer, Conservat Fund, Amer Fisheries Soc, Boone & Crockett Fdn C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Dombeck, MP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1999 BP 14 EP 21 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BN77G UT WOS:000082880600003 ER PT S AU Hessburg, PF Smith, BG AF Hessburg, PF Smith, BG BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI Management implications of recent changes in spatial patterns of interior northwest forests SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-FOURTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th North-American-Wildlife-and-Natural-Resource Conference on Natural Resource Management Perceptions and Realities CY MAR 26-30, 1999 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP N Amer Wildlife & Nat Resource, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bur Reclamat, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US EPA, Bur Land Management, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, USDA, Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Corp, Sea World, Busch Gardens, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Inst Legislat Action, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc, Sebastiani Vineyards Inc, Izaak Walton League Amer, Conservat Fund, Amer Fisheries Soc, Boone & Crockett Fdn C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Hessburg, PF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1999 BP 55 EP 78 PG 24 WC Biology; Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BN77G UT WOS:000082880600008 ER PT S AU Wisdom, MJ Wales, BC Holthausen, RS Hargis, CD Saab, VA Hann, WJ Rich, TD Lee, DC Mary, M AF Wisdom, MJ Wales, BC Holthausen, RS Hargis, CD Saab, VA Hann, WJ Rich, TD Lee, DC Mary, M BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI Wildlife habitats in forests of the interior northwest: History, status, trends, and critical issues confronting land managers SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-FOURTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th North-American-Wildlife-and-Natural-Resource Conference on Natural Resource Management Perceptions and Realities CY MAR 26-30, 1999 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP N Amer Wildlife & Nat Resource, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bur Reclamat, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US EPA, Bur Land Management, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, USDA, Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Corp, Sea World, Busch Gardens, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Inst Legislat Action, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc, Sebastiani Vineyards Inc, Izaak Walton League Amer, Conservat Fund, Amer Fisheries Soc, Boone & Crockett Fdn ID GRIZZLY BEARS; ROADS; POPULATION; MOUNTAINS C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Wisdom, MJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1999 BP 79 EP 93 PG 15 WC Biology; Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BN77G UT WOS:000082880600009 ER PT S AU Reyna, NE Haynes, RW AF Reyna, NE Haynes, RW BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI Multiple scale views of the economic and social systems in the Interior Columbia Basin SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-FOURTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th North-American-Wildlife-and-Natural-Resource Conference on Natural Resource Management Perceptions and Realities CY MAR 26-30, 1999 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP N Amer Wildlife & Nat Resource, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bur Reclamat, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US EPA, Bur Land Management, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, USDA, Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Corp, Sea World, Busch Gardens, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Inst Legislat Action, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc, Sebastiani Vineyards Inc, Izaak Walton League Amer, Conservat Fund, Amer Fisheries Soc, Boone & Crockett Fdn C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Reyna, NE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1999 BP 94 EP 106 PG 13 WC Biology; Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BN77G UT WOS:000082880600010 ER PT S AU Hardy, CC Keane, RE Harrington, MG AF Hardy, CC Keane, RE Harrington, MG BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI Restoration in northwest interior forests SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-FOURTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th North-American-Wildlife-and-Natural-Resource Conference on Natural Resource Management Perceptions and Realities CY MAR 26-30, 1999 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP N Amer Wildlife & Nat Resource, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bur Reclamat, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US EPA, Bur Land Management, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, USDA, Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Corp, Sea World, Busch Gardens, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Inst Legislat Action, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc, Sebastiani Vineyards Inc, Izaak Walton League Amer, Conservat Fund, Amer Fisheries Soc, Boone & Crockett Fdn ID PINE FORESTS; FIRE C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. RP Hardy, CC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 TRANS N AM WILDL NAT JI Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. PY 1999 BP 117 EP 138 PG 22 WC Biology; Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BN77G UT WOS:000082880600012 ER PT S AU Salwasser, H AF Salwasser, H BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI Session 3. Southwest forests: Cacophony or symphony: Is there a conductor in the house? Opening remarks SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-FOURTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th North-American-Wildlife-and-Natural-Resource Conference on Natural Resource Management Perceptions and Realities CY MAR 26-30, 1999 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP N Amer Wildlife & Nat Resource, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bur Reclamat, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US EPA, Bur Land Management, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, USDA, Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Corp, Sea World, Busch Gardens, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Inst Legislat Action, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc, Sebastiani Vineyards Inc, Izaak Walton League Amer, Conservat Fund, Amer Fisheries Soc, Boone & Crockett Fdn C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. RP Salwasser, H (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1999 BP 203 EP 205 PG 3 WC Biology; Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BN77G UT WOS:000082880600018 ER PT S AU Millar, CI Woolfenden, WB AF Millar, CI Woolfenden, WB BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI Sierra Nevada forests: Where did they come from? Where are they going? What does it mean? SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-FOURTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Review CT 64th North-American-Wildlife-and-Natural-Resource Conference on Natural Resource Management Perceptions and Realities CY MAR 26-30, 1999 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP N Amer Wildlife & Nat Resource, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bur Reclamat, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US EPA, Bur Land Management, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, USDA, Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Corp, Sea World, Busch Gardens, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Inst Legislat Action, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc, Sebastiani Vineyards Inc, Izaak Walton League Amer, Conservat Fund, Amer Fisheries Soc, Boone & Crockett Fdn ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; CALIFORNIA; HOLOCENE; VEGETATION; LAKE; RECORD; PALEOECOLOGY; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; EQUILIBRIUM C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Albany, CA USA. RP Millar, CI (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Albany, CA USA. NR 106 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 TRANS N AM WILDL NAT JI Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. PY 1999 BP 206 EP 236 PG 31 WC Biology; Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BN77G UT WOS:000082880600019 ER PT S AU Connanghton, KP Lee, DC AF Connanghton, KP Lee, DC BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI Bringing science and public values into sustainable forest management: The Sierra Nevada Framework for Conservation and Collaboration SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-FOURTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th North-American-Wildlife-and-Natural-Resource Conference on Natural Resource Management Perceptions and Realities CY MAR 26-30, 1999 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP N Amer Wildlife & Nat Resource, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bur Reclamat, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US EPA, Bur Land Management, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, USDA, Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Corp, Sea World, Busch Gardens, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Inst Legislat Action, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc, Sebastiani Vineyards Inc, Izaak Walton League Amer, Conservat Fund, Amer Fisheries Soc, Boone & Crockett Fdn C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Connanghton, KP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Sacramento, CA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1999 BP 237 EP 245 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BN77G UT WOS:000082880600020 ER PT S AU Finch, DM AF Finch, DM BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI Recovering Southwestern Willow Flycatcher populations will benefit riparian health SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-FOURTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th North-American-Wildlife-and-Natural-Resource Conference on Natural Resource Management Perceptions and Realities CY MAR 26-30, 1999 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP N Amer Wildlife & Nat Resource, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bur Reclamat, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US EPA, Bur Land Management, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, USDA, Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Corp, Sea World, Busch Gardens, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Inst Legislat Action, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc, Sebastiani Vineyards Inc, Izaak Walton League Amer, Conservat Fund, Amer Fisheries Soc, Boone & Crockett Fdn ID BROWN-HEADED COWBIRDS; HABITAT; COTTONWOOD; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Finch, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2205 Columbia SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 TRANS N AM WILDL NAT JI Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Nat. Resour. Conf. PY 1999 BP 275 EP 291 PG 17 WC Biology; Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BN77G UT WOS:000082880600022 ER PT S AU Medina, AL Rinne, JN AF Medina, AL Rinne, JN BE McCabe, RE Loos, SE TI Ungulate/fishery interactions in southwestern riparian ecosystems: Pretensions and realities SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE SIXTY-FOURTH NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCE CONFERENCE SE TRANSACTIONS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN WILDLIFE AND NATURAL RESOURCES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th North-American-Wildlife-and-Natural-Resource Conference on Natural Resource Management Perceptions and Realities CY MAR 26-30, 1999 CL BURLINGAME, CA SP N Amer Wildlife & Nat Resource, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Bur Reclamat, Natl Wild Turkey Federat, US EPA, Bur Land Management, Rocky Mt Elk Fdn, USDA, Forest Serv, Fed Cartridge Corp, Sea World, Busch Gardens, USDA, Cooperat State Res, Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Rifle Assoc Amer, Inst Legislat Action, Wilderness Soc, Wildlife Soc, Sebastiani Vineyards Inc, Izaak Walton League Amer, Conservat Fund, Amer Fisheries Soc, Boone & Crockett Fdn ID FISH C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Medina, AL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT INST PI WASHINGTON PA 1146 19TH ST, NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0078-1355 J9 T N AM WILDL NAT RES PY 1999 BP 307 EP 323 PG 17 WC Biology; Ecology; Forestry; Zoology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Zoology GA BN77G UT WOS:000082880600024 ER PT B AU Wells, KD Wall, RJ AF Wells, KD Wall, RJ BE Murray, JD Anderson, GB Oberbauer, AM McGloughlin, MM TI One gene is not enough: Transgene detection, expression and control SO TRANSGENIC ANIMALS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on the Application of Transgenic Animals for Use in Production Agriculture CY AUG, 1997 CL TAHOE CITY, CA SP Univ Calif Davis, Bayer Pharmaceut, Wyeth-Ayerst Labs, Perkin Elmer ABI, Biogenics, Metamorphix, PPL Therapeut, Pharming BV, Genzyme Transgen Corp, BioTime Corp ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LOCUS-CONTROL REGION; DROSOPHILA ECDYSONE RECEPTOR; MATRIX-ATTACHMENT REGIONS; BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN GENE; HUMAN SERUM-ALBUMIN; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; PREIMPLANTATION EMBRYOS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MICROINJECTED GENES C1 USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wells, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 74 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 0-85199-293-5 PY 1999 BP 37 EP 56 PG 20 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA BM72Q UT WOS:000079609500003 ER PT B AU Pursel, VG Wall, RJ Mitchell, AD Elsasser, TH Solomon, MB Coleman, ME DeMayo, F Schwartz, RJ AF Pursel, VG Wall, RJ Mitchell, AD Elsasser, TH Solomon, MB Coleman, ME DeMayo, F Schwartz, RJ BE Murray, JD Anderson, GB Oberbauer, AM McGloughlin, MM TI Expression of insulin-like growth factor-I in skeletal muscle of transgenic swine SO TRANSGENIC ANIMALS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on the Application of Transgenic Animals for Use in Production Agriculture CY AUG, 1997 CL TAHOE CITY, CA SP Univ Calif Davis, Bayer Pharmaceut, Wyeth-Ayerst Labs, Perkin Elmer ABI, Biogenics, Metamorphix, PPL Therapeut, Pharming BV, Genzyme Transgen Corp, BioTime Corp ID FARM-ANIMALS; MICE; PIGS; OVA AB Although growth hormone is considered the primary growth-promoting hormone in mammals, many of its effects are thought to be mediated by insulin-like growth factor-I (ICF-I), which is a potent mitogen that stimulates cell proliferation and synthesis of DNA and protein. The aim of this research was to determine whether directing expression of IGF-l specifically to striated muscle would enhance lean muscle growth in swine. Transgenic pigs were produced by microinjection of zygotes with a fusion gene consisting of the regulatory sequences of an avian skeletal a-actin gene and a cDNA encoding human IGF-I. All but one of 13 transgenic pigs expressed the ICF-I transgene. Muscle IGF-I concentrations varied from 20 to 1702 ng g(-1) muscle in transgenic pigs compared with less than 10 ng g(-1) muscle in control pigs. Muscle ICF-I concentrations were in general agreement with abundance of IGF-I mRNA on Northern blots. Serum IGF-I concentrations in transgenic pigs (160 +/- 6.8 ng ml(-1)) did not differ from that of littermate control pigs (143 +/- 6.5 ng ml(-1)). Daily weight gain from 20 to 60 kg body weight was similar for transgenic and littermate control pigs (865 +/- 29.6 g vs. 876 +/- 18.9 g day(-1)). Body composition of eight transgenic and eight control pigs was estimated by X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning at 60 kg body weight. The DXA results indicated transgenic female pigs had significantly less fat and more lean tissue than female littermate controls (P < 0.05 for each). However, body composition of transgenic and control boars did not differ. Subsequently nine of ten founders transmitted their transgene to G1 progeny, which will be used for evaluation of growth rate, feed efficiency and carcass composition. Transgenic and control pigs did not differ in general appearance, and no gross abnormalities, pathologies or health-related problems were encountered. Based on these results we conclude that enhancing IGF-I specifically in skeletal muscle may have a positive effect on carcass composition of swine. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pursel, VG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 20 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 0-85199-293-5 PY 1999 BP 131 EP 144 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA BM72Q UT WOS:000079609500010 ER PT J AU Borth, WB Ullman, DE Jones, VP Zee, F Hu, JS AF Borth, WB Ullman, DE Jones, VP Zee, F Hu, JS TI Elimination of phytoplasmas as causal agents of macadamia decline and non-ripening of papaya SO TROPICAL AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE phytoplasma; polymerase chain reaction; macadamia; papaya; Sophonia; Hawaii ID MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; DNA; AMPLIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION; ASSOCIATION; DISEASE; HAWAII; QUICK; ASSAY AB Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche) decline and non-ripening of papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruit are disorders of unknown aetiology that occur in Hawaii. Preliminary evidence obtained with the DNA fluorochrome DAPI suggested the possible involvement of phytoplasmas with these disorders. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays with a variety of phytoplasma-specific primers and grafting, the possible association of phytoplasmas with these disorders were studied. Detectable PCR amplicons with phytoplasma-specific sequences were not produced from any symptomatic plants using PCR primers that have been shown to recognize nucleic acid sequences from many different phytoplasmas. Grafts of symptomatic tissues onto healthy seedling stocks did not result in any development of symptoms in grafted hosts. There is no evidence from these studies that indicates the association of phytoplasmas with these disorders. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant Pathol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Entomol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Hilo, HI USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Borth, WB (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Plant Pathol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TROPICAL AGRICULTURE PI ST AUGUSTINE PA UNIV WEST INDIES, FAC OF AGRICULTURE,, ST AUGUSTINE, TRINID & TOBAGO SN 0041-3216 J9 TROP AGR JI Trop. Agric. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP 36 EP 44 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 279DB UT WOS:000085027100006 ER PT S AU Rimando, AM Porter, JK AF Rimando, AM Porter, JK BE Huether, G Kochen, W Simat, TJ Steinhart, H TI Effects of Fusarium mycotoxins on levels of serotonin, melatonin, and 5-hydroxytryptophan in pineal cell cultures SO TRYPTOPHAN, SEROTONIN AND MELATONIN: BASIC ASPECTS AND APPLICATIONS SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Meeting of the International-Study-Group-for-Tryptophan-Research (ISTRY 98) CY OCT 10-14, 1998 CL UNIV HAMBURG, HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Fresenius AG, Amino, H Wilhelm Schaumann Stift, Ajinomoto Europe, Esparma, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Ardeypharm, Niddapharm, Wissensch Behorde, Hamburg HO UNIV HAMBURG ID NEUROTRANSMITTER LEVELS; FUMONISIN TOXICITY; DEOXYNIVALENOL; MONILIFORME; ACID; RAT; SWINE; CORN; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; TRYPTOPHAN AB Analysis of melatonin (MEL) in pineal cell cultures by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay showed its concentration was increased by fusaric acid (FA), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species and associated with toxic duck and ostrich feeds. Subsequent cell culture studies demonstrated the precursors of MEL, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) and serotonin (5HT), were also affected by FA as well as other Fusarium mycotoxins. Herein we describe a technique for the analysis of 5HTP and 5HT in pineal cell cultures using HPLC with electrochemical detection (EC), and report on the effects of FA alone and in combination with fumonisin B-1 (FB1) and deoxynivalenol (DON) on the levels of these MEL precursors. C1 USDA ARS, NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Rimando, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, NPURU, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC / PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-46204-4 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 1999 VL 467 BP 425 EP 431 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Chemistry; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA BP97A UT WOS:000086779600054 PM 10721085 ER PT J AU Haugen, DE Piva, RJ Kingsley, NP Harsel, RA AF Haugen, DE Piva, RJ Kingsley, NP Harsel, RA TI North Dakota's forest resources, 1994 SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Haugen, DE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1999 IS 336 BP 1 EP 102 PG 102 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA V3134 UT WOS:000171731500001 ER PT J AU Perela, DA Leary, RA Cieszewski, CJ AF Perela, DA Leary, RA Cieszewski, CJ TI Self-thinning and stockability of the circumboreal aspens (Populus tremuloides Michx., and P-tremula L.) SO USDA FOREST SERVICE NORTH CENTRAL FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION RESEARCH PAPER LA English DT Article C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. NR 69 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU USDA NC FOREST EXP STATION PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0888-9686 J9 USDA FOR SERV NC R P JI USDA For. Serv. North Cent. For. Exp. Stn. Res. Pap. PY 1999 IS 335 BP 1 EP 16 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA V3133 UT WOS:000171731300001 ER PT S AU Sheldon, IM Pick, DH McCorriston, S AF Sheldon, IM Pick, DH McCorriston, S BE Galizzi, G Venturini, L TI Export subsidies in a vertically-interrelated marketing system: The case of durum wheat and pasta SO VERTICAL RELATIONSHIPS AND COORDINATION IN THE FOOD SYSTEM SE CONTRIBUTIONS TO ECONOMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Vertical Relationships and Coordination in the Food System CY JUN 12-13, 1997 CL PIACENZO, ITALY SP Inst Regione Emilia Romagna, Inst Amministrazione Provinciale Piacenzo, Inst Commune Piacenzo, Inst Camera Commercia, Inst Ind, Inst Artigianato Agr Piacenzo, Fdn Della Cassa Risparmio Piacenzo Vigevano, Mediocredito Lombardo ID TRADE-POLICY C1 Ohio State Univ, USDA, ERS, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PHYSICA-VERLAG GMBH & CO PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTR 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1431-1933 BN 3-7908-1192-0 J9 CONTRIBUT ECON PY 1999 BP 181 EP 193 PG 13 WC Economics; Food Science & Technology SC Business & Economics; Food Science & Technology GA BP91C UT WOS:000086578300011 ER PT J AU Kustas, WP Zhan, XW Jackson, TJ AF Kustas, WP Zhan, XW Jackson, TJ TI Mapping surface energy flux partitioning at large scales with optical and microwave remote sensing data from Washita '92 SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER CONTENT; IMPROVED CAPACITANCE TECHNIQUE; BARE-SOIL; VEGETATION INDEXES; MOISTURE MEASUREMENT; BIOSPHERE MODEL; SENSED DATA; EVAPORATION; RESISTANCE; PERFORMANCE AB A model evaluating the energy balance of the soil/substrate and vegetation (i.e., two-source) was applied to remotely sensed near-surface soil moisture maps generated from passive microwave data collected during the Washita '92 experiment. Model parameters were derived from a soil texture and a land-use/land cover database along with a normalized difference vegetation index map created from a SPOT satellite image, The Bowen ratio (B-O, ratio of sensible to latent heat flux) was used for investigating the temporal and spatial variability in model output. Comparisons between predicted and observed heat fluxes were made with values summed over the daytime period. Daily maps of midday B-O indicated areas with low vegetation cover or bare soil and senescent vegetation were drying out significantly (i.e., dramatic increases in B-O), while other areas with higher vegetation cover showed smaller increases in B-O in response to a drying soil surface. This result agrees with the profile soil moisture and surface flux observations indicating adequate moisture was available to the vegetation for meeting atmospheric demand. The predicted daytime fluxes agreed to within 1 mm of the observations with approximate to 25% difference between modeled and observed daytime evapotranspiration. Differences between modeled and measured surface temperatures averaged approximate to 2 K. The discrepancies between model output and observations are similar to the uncertainty in these measurements, indicating that the model provided reliable daytime energy flux maps for the Washita '92 study area using remotely sensed nearsurface soil moisture. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kustas, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM bkustas@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010 NR 47 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 265 EP 277 DI 10.1029/98WR02094 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 158PK UT WOS:000078123800024 ER PT J AU Arnold, JG Srinivasan, R Ramanarayanan, TS DiLuzio, M AF Arnold, JG Srinivasan, R Ramanarayanan, TS DiLuzio, M TI Water resources of the Texas Gulf Basin SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference and Workshop on Integrated Management of Water Quality at CSIM CY MAY 11-16, 1997 CL TEOLO, ITALY DE geographic information systems; hydrology; sedimentation; simulation; stream flow AB A geographic information system (GIS) has been integrated with a distributed parameter, continuous time, nonpoint source pollution model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) for the management of water resources. This integration has proven to be effective and efficient for data collection and to visualize and analyze the input and output of simulation models. The SWAT-GIS system is being used to model the hydrology of eighteen major river systems in the United States (HUMUS). This paper focuses on the integration of SWAT (basin scale hydrologic model) with the Geographical Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS-GIS) and a relational database management system. The system is then applied to the Texas Gulf River basin. Input data layers (soils, land use, and elevation) were collected at a scale of 1:250,000 from various sources. Average monthly simulated and observed stream flow records from 1970-1979 are presented for the hydrologic cataloging units (HCU) defined by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in the Texas Gulf basin. Average annual sediment yields computed from sediment rating curves are compared against simulated sediment yields from seven river basins within the Texas Gulf showing reasonable agreement. (C) 1999 IAWQ Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Texas Agr Expt Stn, Blackland Res Ctr, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Arnold, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RI Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 NR 23 TC 24 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1999 VL 39 IS 3 BP 121 EP 133 DI 10.1016/S0273-1223(99)00044-X PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 179AF UT WOS:000079300800013 ER PT J AU Heathwaite, L Sharpley, A AF Heathwaite, L Sharpley, A TI Evaluating measures to control the impact of agricultural phosphorus on water quality SO WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Diffuse Pollution (IAWQ) CY AUG 21-SEP 04, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP EU DGXII Comm Environm, Climate Programme DE best management practices; critical source areas; diffuse pollution; nitrogen; phosphorus; water quality ID OXIDE-IMPREGNATED PAPER; BIOAVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; SURFACE WATERS; RUNOFF; TRENDS AB Current issues in phosphorus loss from non-point sources are reviewed. The need to balance both source and transport control mechanisms in field approaches aimed at controlling P loss from agricultural land is explored. Other control measures such as P source manipulation are evaluated. A case is made for integrating work on P loss at various research scales, from plot to hillslope to catchment, and a simple field-scale model to evaluate the factors controlling P loss in surface runoff is presented. (C) 1999 IAWQ Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, USDA, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Heathwaite, L (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. OI Heathwaite, Ann Louise/0000-0001-8791-0039 NR 36 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1223 J9 WATER SCI TECHNOL JI Water Sci. Technol. PY 1999 VL 39 IS 12 BP 149 EP 155 DI 10.1016/S0273-1223(99)00330-3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 229BV UT WOS:000082174400021 ER PT J AU Norsworthy, JK Talbert, RE Hoagland, RE AF Norsworthy, JK Talbert, RE Hoagland, RE TI Chlorophyll fluorescence evaluation of agrochemical interactions with propanil on propanil-resistant barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anilofos, S-[2-[(4-chlorophenyl)(1-methylethyl)-amino]-2-oxo-ethyl]; O,O-dimethyl-phosphoro-dithioate; carbaryl, 1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate; molinate, S-ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine-1-carbothioate; pendimethalin; piperophos; propanil; quinclorac; thiobencarb; barnyardgrass; Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. ECHCG; rice, Oryza sativa L. 'Kaybonnet,' ECHCG; biotype; herbicide resistance; photosynthesis inhibition; photosystem II; ECHCG ID QUINCLORAC; RICE; HERBICIDES; MECHANISM; COLONA; GRASS; DETOXIFICATION; TRANSLOCATION; BIOSYNTHESIS; SELECTIVITY AB Resistance to propanil by a barnyardgrass (BYG) biotype has been reported, and its occurrence is becoming widespread in U.S. rice-producing regions. Interactions between propanil and the herbicides anilofos, molinate, pendimethalin, piperophos, quinclorac, and thiobencarb and the insecticide carbaryl were evaluated in laboratory studies for improved control of propanil-resistant barnyardgrass (R-BYG). Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements of BYG leaf segments were used to ascertain electron transport inhibition and to assess the synergy/antagonism of propanil (100 mu M) with the various additives (50 mu M). Synergistic effects on photosynthetic inhibition were found with anilofos, carbaryl, pendimethalin, and piperophos in combination with propanil. Such synergistic actions of chemicals with propanil may lead to chemical combinations useful for R-BYG control. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Agron, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Norsworthy, JK (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Agron, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. EM jnorswo@comp.uark.edu NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 47 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 171YR UT WOS:000078892800004 ER PT J AU Foes, MJ Liu, LX Vigue, G Stoller, EW Wax, LM Tranel, PJ AF Foes, MJ Liu, LX Vigue, G Stoller, EW Wax, LM Tranel, PJ TI A kochia (Kochia scoparia) biotype resistant to triazine and ALS-inhibiting herbicides SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atrazine; chlorsulfuron; imazethapyr; thifensulfuron; Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. KCHSC; acetolactate synthase; herbicide resistance; cross-resistance; multiple resistance; KCHSC ID VELVETLEAF ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDES; ATRAZINE; MUTATION AB A kochia biotype from McDonough County Illinois, was suspected to be resistant to both triazine and acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. We performed greenhouse and laboratory experiments to confirm, quantify, and determine the molecular basis of multiple herbicide resistance in this biotype. Whole-plant phytotoxicity assays confirmed that the biotype was resistant to triazine (atrazine), imidazolinone (imazethapyr), and sulfonylurea (thifensulfuron and chlorsulfuron) herbicides. Relative to a susceptible kochia biotype, resistance to these herbicides ranged from 500- to > 28,000-fold. The kochia biotype from McDonough County also displayed high levels of resistance (2,000- to 3,000-fold) to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in in vivo ALS enzyme assays, indicating that resistance to these herbicides was site-of-action mediated. Results from chlorophyll fluorescence assays indicated that triazine resistance was also site-of-action mediated. Foliar applications of atrazine had little or no effect on photosynthesis in the resistant biotype, even when atrazine concentrations were 10(8)-fold higher than needed to inhibit photosynthesis in the susceptible biotype. A region of the gene encoding the DI protein of photosystem II and all of the open reading frame of the gene encoding AL-S were sequenced and compared between the resistant and susceptible biotypes. Resistance to triazine and ALS-inhibiting herbicides in the kochia biotype From McDonough County was conferred by, respectively, a glycine for serine substitution at residue 264 of the DI protein and a leucine for tryptophan substitution at residue 570 of ALS. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Western Illinois Univ, Dept Agr, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Protect Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Tranel, PJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM tranel@uiuc.edu OI Tranel, Patrick/0000-0003-0666-4564 NR 35 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 47 IS 1 BP 20 EP 27 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 171YR UT WOS:000078892800005 ER PT J AU Bariuan, JV Reddy, KN Wills, GD AF Bariuan, JV Reddy, KN Wills, GD TI Glyphosate injury, rainfastness, absorption, and translocation in purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine; purple nutsedge, Cyperus rotundus L-#(3); CYPRO; organosilicone surfactant; uptake; tuber viability; CYPRO ID JOHNSONGRASS SORGHUM-HALEPENSE; RHIZOME JOHNSONGRASS; ESCULENTUS; YELLOW; RAINFALL; CHLORIMURON; METABOLISM; ADJUVANTS; HERBICIDE; TOXICITY AB Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to study activity, rainfastness, absorption, and translocation of glyphosate with and without a nonionic organosilicone surfactant in purple nutsedge. Purple nutsedge responded differently to glyphosate depending on growth stage. Glyphosate at 2.24 k g ai/ha in 17-d-old and at 4.48 kg/ha in 10-wk-old plants controlled purple nutsedge at least 96%. Regrowth of plants and tuber resprouting were greatly reduced in these treatments. Organosilicone surfactant did not increase efficacy of glyphosate. A simulated rainfall of 2.5 cm (7.5 cm/h intensity) at 1 and 24 h after glyphosate application reduced efficacy by one-half and one-third, respectively, compared with no simulated rainfall. A rain-free period of 72 h prevented loss of glyphosate activity. Absorption of C-14-glyphosate increased from 2.8% at 1 h after application to 21.4% at 168 h after application and translocation increased from 0.43% at 1 h after application to 5.18% at 168 h after application. Organosilicone surfactant did not affect absorption and translocation of glyphosate in purple nutsedge. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Reddy, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 29 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1999 VL 13 IS 1 BP 112 EP 119 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 194WC UT WOS:000080216900020 ER PT J AU Young, FL Seefeldt, SS Barnes, GF AF Young, FL Seefeldt, SS Barnes, GF TI Planting geometry of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) can reduce jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) spikelet production SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE jointed goatgrass, Aegilops cylindrica Host #(3) AEGCY; wheat, Triticum aestivum L.; deep-banded fertilizer; fertilizer placement; constant row spacing; paired-row ID SPRING WHEAT; TILLAGE; GERMINATION; FERTILIZER; PLACEMENT; SYSTEMS; DENSITY; YIELD; ROW AB A 1984-1985 and 1988-1989 field study near Pullman, WA, evaluated the effect of two winter wheat planting geometries on the growth of wheat and competition against jointed goatgrass. Treatments included paired and constant row planting geometries of wheat and locations of jointed goatgrass within each geometry. No planting geometry by weed location interactions occurred at any harvest date for plant height, shoot number, leaf area, plant dry weight, or N uptake for either wheat or jointed goatgrass. During the 1984-1985 growing season, N uptake data indicated that by heading, jointed goatgrass had taken up N that had been deep-banded between wheat rows located 25 cm from the weed. Winter wheat yields were not different in the paired-row and the constant row spacing geometry in a weed-free environment. Within years, for both planting geometries, winter wheat yield reduction from weed competition was similar for the jointed goatgrass locations. In contrast, based on jointed goatgrass spikelets produced, wheat grown in paired-rows was more competitive against jointed goatgrass compared to constant row spacing. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Young, FL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1999 VL 13 IS 1 BP 183 EP 190 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 194WC UT WOS:000080216900032 ER PT B AU Carroll, PA Lohrey, MH AF Carroll, PA Lohrey, MH BE Olsen, DS Potyondy, JP TI Impaired waterbody protocol for the northwest area of the Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management SO WILDLAND HYDROLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual AWRA Summer Specialty Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 1999 CL BOZEMAN, MT SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Bio West Inc, Montana St Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Dover Habitat Restorat, LLC, Drake Engn Inc, Inter Fluve Inc, Lewis & Clark County Water Quality Protect Dist, Montana Comm Humanities, Montana Cultural Trust, Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks, Montana Dept Agr, Montana St Univ, Montana Water Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Water Management Bur DE Total Maximum Daily Load; impaired waterbodies; Water Quality Restoration Plans; nonpoint source AB The USDA Forest Service, USDI Bureau of Land Management, and the US Environmental Protection Agency have worked collaboratively with state and federal regulatory agencies and tribes to develop a protocol for addressing Clean Water Act section 303(d) waters. The protocol assists land management agencies in meeting responsibilities to maintain and restore water quality on federally administered lands, and supports Clean Water Action Plan (Environmental Protection Agency, 1998)implementation. Protocol content includes an overarching strategy and decision framework that deals with listed waterbodies by providing a consistent approach to protect and restore threatened or impaired water quality. The strategy outlines seven components for addressing listed segments and calls for completion and implementation of water quality restoration plans (WQRPs) to support state developed-EPA approved Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). WQRPs may vary by state, but will have six common elements, including: 1) a condition assessment and problem description; 2) goals and objectives; 3) management actions to achieve objectives; 4) implementation schedule; 5) monitoring and evaluation; and 6) public participation. The decision framework is a four step process (validation, assessment, solution development, and implementation and monitoring) which leads to the development and implementation of WQRPs appropriate to the scale and complexity of the water quality problem. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Interior Columbia Basin Ecosyst Management Projec, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Carroll, PA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Interior Columbia Basin Ecosyst Management Projec, 304 NW 8th St,Rm 250, Boise, ID 83702 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA BN 1-882132-47-5 PY 1999 BP 59 EP 65 PG 7 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BP21Q UT WOS:000084434300007 ER PT B AU Ryan, SE AF Ryan, SE BE Olsen, DS Potyondy, JP TI Diel variation in discharge and bedload transport in a subalpine stream during snowmelt runoff SO WILDLAND HYDROLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual AWRA Summer Specialty Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 1999 CL BOZEMAN, MT SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Bio West Inc, Montana St Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Dover Habitat Restorat, LLC, Drake Engn Inc, Inter Fluve Inc, Lewis & Clark County Water Quality Protect Dist, Montana Comm Humanities, Montana Cultural Trust, Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks, Montana Dept Agr, Montana St Univ, Montana Water Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Water Management Bur DE bedload transport; gravel-bed streams; snowmelt runoff; time-series analysis; subalpine environment AB Flow in subalpine streams fluctuates during snowmelt runoff, exhibiting well-defined diel patterns of peaks and troughs. What is less clear, however, is how rates of bedload transport in the coarse-grained channels change in response to fluctuating flow patterns. Samples of bedload were collected at approximately 4 hour intervals at 2 subalpine sites during snowmelt runoff in 1996 to assess variation in transport relative to diel fluctuations in flow. An initial exploration of the flow and bedload time series indicated that (1) a cyclic pattern of bedload transport exists and (2) peaks and troughs in the rates of transport offset the peaks and troughs in flow, often lagging by a several hours. Speculatively, the mechanisms for this lag result from the interrelationships between transport, storage, stream energy, and inertia forces on changing sediment supply. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. RP Ryan, SE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 222 S 22nd St, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA BN 1-882132-47-5 PY 1999 BP 85 EP 92 PG 8 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BP21Q UT WOS:000084434300010 ER PT B AU Marion, DA Weirich, F AF Marion, DA Weirich, F BE Olsen, DS Potyondy, JP TI Fine-grained bed patch response to near-bankfull flows in a step-pool channel SO WILDLAND HYDROLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual AWRA Summer Specialty Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 1999 CL BOZEMAN, MT SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Bio West Inc, Montana St Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Dover Habitat Restorat, LLC, Drake Engn Inc, Inter Fluve Inc, Lewis & Clark County Water Quality Protect Dist, Montana Comm Humanities, Montana Cultural Trust, Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks, Montana Dept Agr, Montana St Univ, Montana Water Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Water Management Bur DE fine-grained patches; step-pool channels; scour and fill processes; sediment storage ID MORPHOLOGY; STREAMS AB Fine-grained bed patches were monitored in a representative step-pool channel in the Arkansas Ouachita Mountains to assess their response to near-bankfull streamflow events. These patches are small, relatively well-sorted bed areas predominantly composed of gravel-size and smaller grains. They occupy 5.2 and 4.1% of the active and bankfull channel areas, respectively, over a 100-m study reach. During each of five simulated flow events with peak discharges ranging in size from 0.25 to 1.34 m(3)/sec (1.0- to 1.6-yr return periods), 80% or more of the patches scoured or filled. Patch response frequency shows no difference between patch types, but does vary between hydraulic unit types. Patches show net aggradation in response to all events with fill volumes being two or more times greater than scour volumes. Patch response magnitude appears to vary somewhat between patch types, but not between hydraulic unit types. Both net volume and net depth change vary directly with peak discharge magnitude. The predominance of fill even at flows somewhat above bankfull stage suggests that bankfull events may not be sufficient for maintaining channel form in Ouachita step-pool channels. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Marion, DA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA BN 1-882132-47-5 PY 1999 BP 93 EP 100 PG 8 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BP21Q UT WOS:000084434300011 ER PT B AU Woodsmith, RD Lisle, TE Buffington, JM AF Woodsmith, RD Lisle, TE Buffington, JM BE Olsen, DS Potyondy, JP TI Pool dimensions and frequency in gravel bed channels SO WILDLAND HYDROLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual AWRA Summer Specialty Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 1999 CL BOZEMAN, MT SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Bio West Inc, Montana St Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Dover Habitat Restorat, LLC, Drake Engn Inc, Inter Fluve Inc, Lewis & Clark County Water Quality Protect Dist, Montana Comm Humanities, Montana Cultural Trust, Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks, Montana Dept Agr, Montana St Univ, Montana Water Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Water Management Bur DE pools; pool scour; pool habitat; gravel bed channels C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Woodsmith, RD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, 2770 Sherwood Ln,Ste 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA BN 1-882132-47-5 PY 1999 BP 101 EP 101 PG 1 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BP21Q UT WOS:000084434300012 ER PT B AU Harris, RM Clifton, CF AF Harris, RM Clifton, CF BE Olsen, DS Potyondy, JP TI Upper Umatilla River sediment analysis SO WILDLAND HYDROLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual AWRA Summer Specialty Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 1999 CL BOZEMAN, MT SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Bio West Inc, Montana St Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Dover Habitat Restorat, LLC, Drake Engn Inc, Inter Fluve Inc, Lewis & Clark County Water Quality Protect Dist, Montana Comm Humanities, Montana Cultural Trust, Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks, Montana Dept Agr, Montana St Univ, Montana Water Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Water Management Bur DE sediment yield; sediment rating equations AB The Umatilla River in Northeastern Oregon provides multiple beneficial uses, including native salmon habitat, water supply, and recreation. Water quality issues include developing TMDLs for sediment and temperature. The Forest Service operates three monitoring sites in the upper watershed with 34 years of streamflow records and 11 years of suspended sediment records. These stations were analyzed, with a focus on quantifying the annual and seasonal sediment loads and on the relationships between suspended sediment and discharge. We found: 1) high spatial and temporal variability in annual sediment loads between stations, and at the same station year to year, and 2) a lack of correlation between streamflow and sediment indicating complex streamflow and sediment supply relationships. Recommendations include future analysis to evaluate the reliability of automatic fixed point sampling by collecting concurrent depth integrated samples; future analysis to determine the frequency of sampling needed to characterize the sediment parameters; and, adding bedload sampling to determine bedload contribution to total load. C1 US Forest Serv, Umatilla Natl Forest, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. RP Harris, RM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Umatilla Natl Forest, 2517 SW Hailey Ave, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA BN 1-882132-47-5 PY 1999 BP 157 EP 164 PG 8 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BP21Q UT WOS:000084434300020 ER PT B AU Clifton, CF Harris, RM Fitzgerald, JK AF Clifton, CF Harris, RM Fitzgerald, JK BE Olsen, DS Potyondy, JP TI Flood effects and watershed response in the northern Blue Mountains, Oregon and Washington SO WILDLAND HYDROLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual AWRA Summer Specialty Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 1999 CL BOZEMAN, MT SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Bio West Inc, Montana St Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Dover Habitat Restorat, LLC, Drake Engn Inc, Inter Fluve Inc, Lewis & Clark County Water Quality Protect Dist, Montana Comm Humanities, Montana Cultural Trust, Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks, Montana Dept Agr, Montana St Univ, Montana Water Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Water Management Bur DE floods; channel morphology; watershed hydrology AB The northern Blue Mountains of southeastern Washington and northeastern Oregon experienced a series of unusual storm and flood events during the winters of 1995-96 and 1996-97. Flood magnitude and frequency, estimated by the indirect slope-area method, varied between watersheds from 25-year to 100-year events. Flood frequency was related to watershed orientation with west-facing watersheds experiencing 100-year events, and east-facing watersheds experiencing 25-year to 50-year events. Post-flood investigations have been ongoing since 1996, including assessments of mass wasting features, surveys of stream channel measurement sites, and inventories of roads and instream habitat structures. Channel adjustments in cross section area, volume of stored sediment, and particle size distributions appear to be more related to reach-level controls such as large wood jams and local mass wasting sources than to overall flood magnitude. Results from this monitoring are being used in flood recovery efforts and land management planning. C1 US Forest Serv, Umatilla Natl Forest, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. RP Clifton, CF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Umatilla Natl Forest, 2517 SW Hailey Ave, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA BN 1-882132-47-5 PY 1999 BP 175 EP 182 PG 8 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BP21Q UT WOS:000084434300022 ER PT B AU Barry, JJ Robison, TA AF Barry, JJ Robison, TA BE Olsen, DS Potyondy, JP TI Effects of an extreme winter (1995-96) flood on channel migration SO WILDLAND HYDROLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual AWRA Summer Specialty Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 1999 CL BOZEMAN, MT SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Bio West Inc, Montana St Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Dover Habitat Restorat, LLC, Drake Engn Inc, Inter Fluve Inc, Lewis & Clark County Water Quality Protect Dist, Montana Comm Humanities, Montana Cultural Trust, Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks, Montana Dept Agr, Montana St Univ, Montana Water Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Water Management Bur DE lateral channel migration; geomorphic surveys; flood AB Geomorphic surveys on reaches of eight streams in the Wenatchee National Forest, Washington, were made just prior to and immediately following the largest flood on 83 years of record during the winter of 1995-96. One objective of this research was to characterize lateral channel migration of channels over variety of landscapes as a result of the flood. Average lateral channel migration of channel bends resulting from the flood ranged from 0.13 meters (0.023 channel widths) up to a value of 2.01 meters (0.04 channel widths). The relationship between the ratio of lateral channel migration to bankfull width and the degree of channel entrenchment and channel sinuosity is not significant at the 95% confidence level for the eight streams included in this study. A second objective of this research was to compare rates of current lateral channel migration to historic rates of lateral channel migration. Historic lateral channel migration measurements were made on six of the eight stream reaches by studying a sequence of aerial photography. A comparison of historic lateral channel migration rates to the lateral channel migration rates measured as a result of the 1995-96 flood indicates that lateral channel migration in the studied streams is incrementally continuous rather than episodic. That is, the average lateral channel migration measured by the pre- and post-flood surveys are not significantly different (at the 95% confidence level) from the long-term average rates of lateral channel migration. C1 US Forest Serv, Boise, ID 83706 USA. RP Barry, JJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, 380 E Pk Ctr Blvd,Suite 330, Boise, ID 83706 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA BN 1-882132-47-5 PY 1999 BP 183 EP 190 PG 8 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BP21Q UT WOS:000084434300023 ER PT B AU Edwards, PJ Carnahan, DL Henderson, Z AF Edwards, PJ Carnahan, DL Henderson, Z BE Olsen, DS Potyondy, JP TI Channel cross-section and substrate comparisons among four small watersheds with different land-disturbance histories SO WILDLAND HYDROLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual AWRA Summer Specialty Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 1999 CL BOZEMAN, MT SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Bio West Inc, Montana St Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Dover Habitat Restorat, LLC, Drake Engn Inc, Inter Fluve Inc, Lewis & Clark County Water Quality Protect Dist, Montana Comm Humanities, Montana Cultural Trust, Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks, Montana Dept Agr, Montana St Univ, Montana Water Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Water Management Bur DE channel morphology; sediment; woody debris; timber harvesting; skidroads C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Expt Stn, Parsons, WV USA. RP Edwards, PJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Expt Stn, POB 404, Parsons, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA BN 1-882132-47-5 PY 1999 BP 217 EP 218 PG 2 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BP21Q UT WOS:000084434300027 ER PT B AU Miller, SN Guertin, DP Syed, KH Goodrich, DC AF Miller, SN Guertin, DP Syed, KH Goodrich, DC BE Olsen, DS Potyondy, JP TI Using high resolution synthetic aperture radar for terrain mapping: Influences on hydrologic and geomorphic investigation SO WILDLAND HYDROLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual AWRA Summer Specialty Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 1999 CL BOZEMAN, MT SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Bio West Inc, Montana St Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Dover Habitat Restorat, LLC, Drake Engn Inc, Inter Fluve Inc, Lewis & Clark County Water Quality Protect Dist, Montana Comm Humanities, Montana Cultural Trust, Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks, Montana Dept Agr, Montana St Univ, Montana Water Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Water Management Bur DE interferometry; SAR; DEM; watershed modeling AB A high resolution digital elevation model (DEM) was constructed for the USDA-ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed located in southeast Arizona using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) processing techniques. Three lower resolution DEMs had previously been constructed for the watershed; a 40m photogrametrically derived surface, a combination USGS Level I and II 30m surface, and a derivative 10m surface. The IFSAR DEM, with a resolution of 2.5m and high vertical accuracy, is potentially a significant improvement in terrain representation. This study investigates the differences in topographic representation among the photo, USGS, and IFSAR DEMs and illustrates the influence they have on hydrologic and geomorphic studies. Watershed characteristics such as area, geometry, drainage network, slope, and drainage density, derived from the DEMs, are compared. Results from these studies demonstrate the impact of using IFSAR technology on watershed hydrologic and geomorphic research at a range of watershed scales. C1 USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Miller, SN (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA BN 1-882132-47-5 PY 1999 BP 219 EP 226 PG 8 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BP21Q UT WOS:000084434300028 ER PT B AU Mason, LW Johnson, JL AF Mason, LW Johnson, JL BE Olsen, DS Potyondy, JP TI Tonto national forest stream assessment method SO WILDLAND HYDROLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual AWRA Summer Specialty Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 1999 CL BOZEMAN, MT SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Bio West Inc, Montana St Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Dover Habitat Restorat, LLC, Drake Engn Inc, Inter Fluve Inc, Lewis & Clark County Water Quality Protect Dist, Montana Comm Humanities, Montana Cultural Trust, Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks, Montana Dept Agr, Montana St Univ, Montana Water Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Water Management Bur C1 USDA, Tonto Natl Forest, Forest Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Mason, LW (reprint author), USDA, Tonto Natl Forest, Forest Serv, 2324 E McDowell, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA BN 1-882132-47-5 PY 1999 BP 255 EP 257 PG 3 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BP21Q UT WOS:000084434300032 ER PT B AU Wegner, S AF Wegner, S BE Olsen, DS Potyondy, JP TI Monitoring results of watershed restoration activities - Quartz Creek - Middle Kootenai Bull Trout recovery area SO WILDLAND HYDROLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual AWRA Summer Specialty Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 1999 CL BOZEMAN, MT SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Bio West Inc, Montana St Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Dover Habitat Restorat, LLC, Drake Engn Inc, Inter Fluve Inc, Lewis & Clark County Water Quality Protect Dist, Montana Comm Humanities, Montana Cultural Trust, Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks, Montana Dept Agr, Montana St Univ, Montana Water Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Water Management Bur AB A watershed restoration plan to facilitate the recovery of bull trout in the Quartz Creek watershed was proposed in 1990. Since that time a wildfire and subsequent timber salvage activities in conjunction with the recovery activities have occurred. All timber salvage activities were modified to complement the goals of the restoration plan. The majority of the restoration work involved the removal of unstable roads and culverts from the watershed. Sediment generated from these activities has the greatest chance of impacting the downstream uses. Instream suspended sediment monitoring was used to evaluate the impacts of restoration activities. The monitoring revealed that different equipment operators can affect the amount of sediment generated. Overall, the monitoring showed that the instream effects are of very short duration and do not affect beneficial uses. C1 USFS, Libby Ranger Dist, Kootenai Natl Forest, Libby, MT 59923 USA. RP Wegner, S (reprint author), USFS, Libby Ranger Dist, Kootenai Natl Forest, 12257 Hwy 37 N, Libby, MT 59923 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA BN 1-882132-47-5 PY 1999 BP 317 EP 324 PG 8 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BP21Q UT WOS:000084434300040 ER PT B AU Hornbeck, JW Bailey, SW Buso, DC Shanley, JB AF Hornbeck, JW Bailey, SW Buso, DC Shanley, JB BE Olsen, DS Potyondy, JP TI Streamwater chemistry: A useful tool for forest managers SO WILDLAND HYDROLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual AWRA Summer Specialty Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 1999 CL BOZEMAN, MT SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Bio West Inc, Montana St Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Dover Habitat Restorat, LLC, Drake Engn Inc, Inter Fluve Inc, Lewis & Clark County Water Quality Protect Dist, Montana Comm Humanities, Montana Cultural Trust, Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks, Montana Dept Agr, Montana St Univ, Montana Water Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Water Management Bur DE New England; nitrogen; atmospheric deposition; forest harvest; Ca : Al ratio; nutrient depletion ID NITROGEN SATURATION; CALCIUM; ECOSYSTEMS AB The chemical composition of forest streams in New England varies widely among watersheds, depending upon mineral weathering, soil and hydrologic characteristics, vegetation, climate, biological processes, and natural and human disturbances. To illustrate, a summary of stream chemical data from 159 upland, forested watersheds in central New England showed ranges of 3.5 to 7.8 for pH, 2 to >1,000 ueq/L for Ca2+, 37 to 250 ueq/L for SO42-, and similar to 0 to 54 ueq/L for NO3-. In essence, the variability is wide enough that every forest stream can be looked upon as having a unique chemical signature. A more intensive study of 3 watersheds used in the summary suggests that chemical signatures of forest streams may provide useful indices of nutrient status and cycling processes occurring in forested watersheds. For example, low concentrations of base cations in streams, especially Ca2+, suggest that watershed capitals may be depleted, possibly due to past disturbances, or due to low contributions from mineral weathering. The Ca:Al ratios of forest streams may be used to assess whether there might be nutrient imbalances and forest health problems. Concentrations of NO32- are indicative of the status of watershed N and whether N saturation may be occurring. Forest managers can use this information to help make informed decisions about the intensity and frequency of harvesting, and to evaluate susceptibility of forest and stream ecosystems to atmospheric deposition. C1 US Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Hornbeck, JW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Box 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA BN 1-882132-47-5 PY 1999 BP 361 EP 367 PG 7 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BP21Q UT WOS:000084434300045 ER PT B AU Robichaud, PR Brown, RE AF Robichaud, PR Brown, RE BE Olsen, DS Potyondy, JP TI What happened after the smoke cleared: Onsite erosion rates after a wildfire in Eastern Oregon SO WILDLAND HYDROLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual AWRA Summer Specialty Conference CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 1999 CL BOZEMAN, MT SP Amer Water Resources Assoc, Bio West Inc, Montana St Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Dover Habitat Restorat, LLC, Drake Engn Inc, Inter Fluve Inc, Lewis & Clark County Water Quality Protect Dist, Montana Comm Humanities, Montana Cultural Trust, Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks, Montana Dept Agr, Montana St Univ, Montana Water Ctr, USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, US Geol Survey, Montana Dept Nat Resources & Conservat, Water Management Bur DE erosion measurement; silt fence; wildfire; nutrient loss AB Recent fires have renewed interest in fire's effect on different components of the ecosystems, particularly erosion and soil productivity. Our objectives were to (1) determine hillslope erosion rates after a high severity wildfire in an unmanaged forest stand; (2)determine fire's short-term effects on nutrient loss. The study site was within an unmanaged forest area in the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, Eastern Oregon. The fire consumed all downed woody debris larger than 75 mm diameter and all standing trees were killed. In addition the entire forest floor (duff) was consumed, leaving mineral soil exposed to raindrop impact and overland now. Onsite erosion measurements were conducted for four years after the wildfire. Silt fences were used to collect eroded sediment on three slope classes (20, 30, and 60 percent), replicated twice, all within a high severity burn area. Mean first year erosion rates were 38 Mg ha(-1), decreasing to 2.3 Mg ha(-1) the second year, then to 1 Mg ha(-1) the third. No erosion occurred the fourth year. In year one, the 60 percent slope sites produced twice as much sediment as did the 20 percent slope sites. Soil nutrient losses followed the same pattern as the sediment losses. High severity wildfires can produce accelerated erosion and nutrient loss for the first year before establishment of natural regeneration. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Robichaud, PR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 S Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 W FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA BN 1-882132-47-5 PY 1999 BP 419 EP 426 PG 8 WC Forestry; Water Resources SC Forestry; Water Resources GA BP21Q UT WOS:000084434300052 ER PT J AU Carey, AB Kershner, J Biswell, B de Toledo, LD AF Carey, AB Kershner, J Biswell, B de Toledo, LD TI Ecological scale and forest development: Squirrels, dietary fungi, and vascular plants in managed and unmanaged forests SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE ecological scale; forest development; Glaucomys sabrinus; habitat; northern flying squirrel; Oregon; Tamias townsendii; Townsend's chipmunk ID OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; NORTHERN FLYING SQUIRREL; TOWNSENDS CHIPMUNK POPULATIONS; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; OREGON COAST RANGE; WESTERN OREGON; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; SPOTTED OWLS AB Understanding ecological processes and their spatial scales is key to managing ecosystems for biodiversity, especially for species associated with late-seral forest. We focused on 2 species of squirrel (Sciuridae: northern flying squirrel, Glaucomys sabrinus, and Townsend's chipmunk, Tamias townsendii) in a cross-sectional survey of managed and natural stands in southwestern Oregon during 1985-59. We measured vegetation and abundances of squirrels at >2,000 points in 19 stands in 3 seral stages. We described the diets of die squirrels in the stands. We analyzed data at point, stand, and stage scales to identify key processes contributing to biodiversity and scales at which emergent properties (synergistic effects) appeared. Four factors (crown-class differentiation, decadence, canopy stratification, and understory development) accounted for 63% of variance in vegetation structure. Decadence contributed to variation mostly in late-seral forest. Within stands, most habitat variables were poorly correlated. Across stands many variables were highly correlated, suggesting forests developed emergent properties above the point level but at or below stand level (16 ha). Plant species composition was summarized by 21 vegetation site types. Stands had 7-19 site types arrayed in fine scale (point and soups of points 40 m apart). Site types were used to measure habitat habitat breadth (within-stand heterogeneity resulting from disturbance and forest development). Vegetation structure varied on a 0.5-ha scale. Stand-level characteristics were more influential than nominal seral stage for a variety of organisms. Late-seral forests were more moist and complex with greater habitat breadth than 40-70-year managed stands. Structural factors, moisture-temperature gradient values (MGV), and habitat breadth were used to describe the habitat space potentially available to squirrels. Correlations between squirrels and habitat variables within stands were low linear regressions explained <20% of the within-stand variance in squirrel captures, but logistic regressions correctly classified 74 and 88% of the points according to usage (used, not used) by flying squirrels and chipmunks, respectively. Compared to available habitat space, the realized habitat of flying squirrels had high decadence and complex canopies. The realized habitat of chipmunks had complex canopies and large, dominant trees. Overall, chipmunks were less selective than flying squirrels and used 83% of the habitat space compared to 59% by flying squirrels. Among stands, variance in carrying capacity of Eying squirrels Mas Lest explained (70%) by decadence, habitat breadth, and MGV. For chipmunks, decadence and canopy stratification provided the Lest model (72% of variance explained). Both squirrels had mycologically diverse diets; richness was correlated with decadence and canopy stratification. Major dietary fungi were associated with woody debris. Flying squirrels had higher carrying capacities and overlap among foraging patches of individuals, but smaller foraging patches, in late seral forest than in managed stands. Squirrels were more abundant in late seral forest than in managed forests. Abundance in some stands deviated markedly from the stage mean-stand character was more influential than nominal seral stage. The 4 structural factors each represented all important ecological process; decadence and canopy stratification apparently had profound influences on other life forms. Carefully timed variable-density thinnings could accelerate crown-class differentiation, canopy stratification, and understory development and increase habitat breadth. Management of decadence is more problematic and may require various interventions, in eluding inducing decay in live trees, conserving biological legacies from previous stands, and ensuring recruitment of coarse woody debris. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Univ Nacl Cordoba, Inst Multidisciplinario Biol Vegetal, RA-5000 Cordoba, Argentina. RP US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. NR 158 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0084-0173 EI 1938-5455 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD JAN PY 1999 IS 142 BP 5 EP 71 PG 67 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 160GD UT WOS:000078221300001 ER PT J AU Parker, KL Gillingham, MP Hanley, TA Robbins, CT AF Parker, KL Gillingham, MP Hanley, TA Robbins, CT TI Energy and protein balance of free-ranging black-tailed deer in a natural forest environment SO WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Review DE Alaska; black-tailed deer; deer; double-labeled water; energy balance; energy expenditure; energy intake; nutrition; Odocoileus hemionus; protein balance; protein intake ID ODOCOILEUS-HEMIONUS-SITKENSIS; CERVUS-ELAPHUS-NELSONI; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; LABELED WATER METHOD; MULE DEER; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; FORAGING EFFICIENCY; WESTERN HEMLOCK; CARRYING-CAPACITY; NUTRITIONAL BASIS AB The purpose of this study was to quantitatively examine the validity of conclusions derived from reductionist studies of nutritional ecology of black-tailed deer. We measured protein and energy intake, activity budgets, and changes in body mass of free-ranging animals in a natural forest environment in relation to availability and nutritional quality of forage and environmental constraints (snow, temperature) over a 2-year period. We compared those observations of intake with modeled predictions of requirements. Daily protein intake remained above demands during all months of the year except February, whereas deer were unable to meet energy requirements for more than half the year. Compounded by increased demands associated with lactation during summer and with snow rather than temperature during winter, the availability of digestible energy is potentially the greatest nutritional limiting factor for black-tailed deer in Alaska. Changes in body mass were directly related to the ratio of energy intake to requirement. Body reserves accumulated during summer with abundant digestible energy were critical to winter survival. Reductionist studies of nutritional and physiological processes provided a strong mechanistic basis for understanding and predicting animal-habitat interactions in a natural environment. C1 Univ No British Columbia, Fac Nat Resources & Environm Studies, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Zool, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Parker, KL (reprint author), Univ No British Columbia, Fac Nat Resources & Environm Studies, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada. NR 115 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0084-0173 J9 WILDLIFE MONOGR JI Wildl. Monogr. PD JAN PY 1999 IS 143 BP 5 EP 48 PG 44 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 160GF UT WOS:000078221500001 ER PT J AU Geimer, RL Kwon, JH AF Geimer, RL Kwon, JH TI Flakeboard thickness swelling. Part II. Fundamental response of board properties to steam injection pressing SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE flakeboard; steam injection; bending; shear; thickness swelling AB The results of this study showed that the same relative reductions in thickness swelling (TS) previously obtained with steam-injection-pressed (SIP) resinless mats are also obtained in boards bonded with 346 isocyanate resin. Reductions in thickness swelling were proportional to steam time and pressure. Thickness swelling of 40% measured in conventionally pressed boards following a vacuum-pressure-soak treatment was reduced to 25% in a board exposed to 20 sec of steam at 600 kPa and to 6% in a board exposed to 40 sec of steam at 1,900 kPa. We believe that the reductions in thickness swelling result from a combination of flake plasticization, "lignin flow," and chemical modification. Bending properties of the SIP boards were substantially lower than that of conventionally pressed boards, which we attribute in part to the very short press times and the relatively fast decompression used to manufacture the STP boards. Bending properties of SIP boards also suffered from a reduction of the vertical density gradient. However, this characteristic is favorable to shear properties. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Kangweon Natl Univ, Coll Forestry, Dept Wood Sci & Technol, Chunchon 200701, South Korea. RP Geimer, RL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 31 IS 1 BP 15 EP 27 PG 13 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 158FW UT WOS:000078106200003 ER PT J AU Lebow, PK Winandy, JE AF Lebow, PK Winandy, JE TI Verification of a kinetics-based model for long-term effects of fire retardants on bending strength at elevated temperatures SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fire retardant; treatment; thermal degradation; modeling; kinetics; serviceability ID TREATED WOOD; DEGRADATION AB This study verifies a single-stage reaction-rate model for the long-term effects of various fire retardants. The adequacy of predictions from our previously reported models was tested using data from fire-retardant-treated wood exposed at 66 degrees C (150 degrees F) and 75% relative humidity for 3 or 4 years. Our analysis showed that if the treated wood experienced significant thermal degradation early during exposure to high temperature, then the previously reported model parameters adequately predicted thermal degradation for up to 4 years of steady-state exposure. However, if the treated wood did not experience significant thermal degradation early during high-temperature exposure, then the previous parameter estimates tended to underpredict degrade. Modified parameter estimates are presented where appropriate. This report also describes the practical implications of running the verified models for up to 10 annual iterations of an actual year of measured roof sheathing temperatures derived from structures exposed in the field. Our results predict that monoammonium phosphate, a generic fire-retardant formulation, can be expected to cause an additional 15% loss in original strength capacity in 10 years if used for roof sheathing under similar conditions. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Lebow, PK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 31 IS 1 BP 49 EP 61 PG 13 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 158FW UT WOS:000078106200006 ER PT B AU Rotz, CA Stout, WL Sanderson, MA AF Rotz, CA Stout, WL Sanderson, MA GP COMMISS INT ORG SCIENTIF TRAVAIL AGR COMMISS INT ORG SCIENTIF TRAVAIL AGR TI Dafosym: A tool for evaluating integrated dairy farming systems SO WORK SCIENCES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XXVIII CIOSTA/CIGR V International Congress on Work Sciences in Sustainable Agriculture CY JUN 14-17, 1999 CL HORSENS, DENMARK SP Int Comm Work Studies & Labour Management Agr, Int Comm Agr Engn, Sect V DE dairy farm; simulation; farming systems; software ID ALFALFA AB Economic and environmental concerns are forcing dairy farms of North America toward greater efficiency. Integration of the considerable amount of available information into the planning of improved dairy production systems requires a comprehensive, whole-farm approach. A dairy farm simulation model (DAFOSYM) provides a tool that integrates the many biological and physical processes, and the interaction among those processes, to predict the performance, economics, and environmental impact of farming systems. The long-term costs, benefits, and risks of alternative systems can be compared to aid the design and development of farms for the future. Management-intensive grazing is one approach considered by U.S. dairy farmers. Long-term simulations illustrate that grazing systems can improve the profitability and potentially reduce nutrient losses from dairy farms when compared to full confinement animal feeding and handling systems. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Rotz, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WAGENINGEN ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 220, 6700 AE WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-74134-67-X PY 1999 BP 278 EP 283 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BN88H UT WOS:000083320100043 ER PT B AU French, A AF French, A GP NRAES NRAES TI Guest workers in agriculture: The H-2A Temporary Agricultural Worker Program SO WORKFORCE MANAGEMENT FOR FARMS AND HORTICULTURAL BUSINESSES: FINDING, TRAINING, AND KEEPING GOOD EMPLOYEES SE NRAES, NATURAL RESOURCE, AGRICULTURE, AND ENGINEERING SERVICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workforce Management for Farms and Horticultural Business Conference CY JAN 13-15, 1999 CL CAMP HILL, PA SP Amer Agriculturist, Amer Soc Agron, Keystone Farm Credit, Maryland Farmer, Natl Resource, Agr, & Engn Serv, New England Farmer, Penn State Univ, NE Reg Ctr Rural Dev, Penn Dairy Stakeholders, Penn Farmer C1 USDA, Off Chief Economist, Washington, DC USA. RP French, A (reprint author), USDA, Off Chief Economist, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURAL RESOURCE, AGRICULTURE, AND ENGINEERING SERVICE PI ITHACA PA COOPERAT EXTENS, 152 RILEY-ROB B HALL, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA BN 0-935817-37-9 J9 NRAES, NAT RES AGR E PY 1999 VL 117 BP 58 EP 64 PG 7 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BS12P UT WOS:000168742100010 ER PT B AU French, A AF French, A GP NRAES NRAES TI Farm employment rules and regulations: What you need to know SO WORKFORCE MANAGEMENT FOR FARMS AND HORTICULTURAL BUSINESSES: FINDING, TRAINING, AND KEEPING GOOD EMPLOYEES SE NRAES, NATURAL RESOURCE, AGRICULTURE, AND ENGINEERING SERVICE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workforce Management for Farms and Horticultural Business Conference CY JAN 13-15, 1999 CL CAMP HILL, PA SP Amer Agriculturist, Amer Soc Agron, Keystone Farm Credit, Maryland Farmer, Natl Resource, Agr, & Engn Serv, New England Farmer, Penn State Univ, NE Reg Ctr Rural Dev, Penn Dairy Stakeholders, Penn Farmer C1 USDA, Off Chief Economist, Washington, DC USA. RP French, A (reprint author), USDA, Off Chief Economist, Washington, DC USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURAL RESOURCE, AGRICULTURE, AND ENGINEERING SERVICE PI ITHACA PA COOPERAT EXTENS, 152 RILEY-ROB B HALL, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA BN 0-935817-37-9 J9 NRAES, NAT RES AGR E PY 1999 VL 117 BP 72 EP 91 PG 20 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy SC Agriculture GA BS12P UT WOS:000168742100012 ER PT B AU Offutt, S AF Offutt, S BE Weeks, DP Segelken, JB Hardy, RWF TI Changing consumer demands can drive biotechnology adoption SO WORLD FOOD SECURITY AND SUSTAINABILITY: THE IMPACTS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL CONSOLIDATION SE NABC REPORT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Meeting of National-Agricultural-Biotechnology-Council CY JUN 06-08, 1999 CL UNIV NEBRASKA-LINCOLN, LINCOLN, NE SP Henry A Wallace Inst Allernat Agr HO UNIV NEBRASKA-LINCOLN C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Offutt, S (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY COUNCIL PI ITHACA PA 159 BIOTECHNOLOGY BLDG CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, NY 14853-2703 USA J9 NABC REP PY 1999 VL 11 BP 145 EP 147 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BQ43K UT WOS:000088358200014 ER PT J AU Fritsche, S Rumsey, TS Meyer, HHD Schmidt, G Steinhart, H AF Fritsche, S Rumsey, TS Meyer, HHD Schmidt, G Steinhart, H TI Profiles of steroid hormones in beef from steers implanted with Synovex-S (estradiol benzoate and progesterone) in comparison to control steers SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR LEBENSMITTEL-UNTERSUCHUNG UND-FORSCHUNG A-FOOD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE steroid hormones; anabolic implant; steers; beef ID BULLS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; TISSUES; CALVES; PLASMA AB Profiles of steroid hormones (androgens, estrogens, progestogens and corticoids), their precursors and metabolites were analyzed in nine beef samples obtained from steers which had received the anabolic implant Synovex-S (200 mg progesterone plus 20 mg estradiol benzoate) and in nine samples from control steers. Analysis of phenolic steroids was performed by enzyme immunoassay after separation by HPLC. Neutral steroids were determined by CC-MS. Concentrations of the hormones progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol, of their precursors and metabolites (pregnenolone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, epitestosterone, alpha-androsterone, 17 alpha-estradiol, and estrone) and of the corticosteroids cortisone and hydrocortisone did not differ significantly between treatments (P>0.05) but the ratio of 17 beta-estradiol to its metabolites and the cortisone/hydrocortisone ratio were significantly higher in beef from treated steers (P<0.01). Concentrations of testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone were below the determination limits (10 ng/kg and 20 ng/kg, respectively) in both treated and control steers. C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Biochem & Lebensmittelchem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Forschungszentrum Milch & Lebensmittel, Inst Physiol, D-85350 Freising, Germany. RP Steinhart, H (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Biochem & Lebensmittelchem, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM Fritsche@lpsi.barc.usda.gov; trumsey@lpsi.barc.usda.gov; physio@pollux.edv.agrar.tu-muenchen.de; Gabi-Schmidt@public.uni-hamburg.de; fc6a070@lc.chemie.uni-hamburg.de NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1431-4630 J9 Z LEBENSM UNTERS F A JI Z Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. A-Food Res. Technol. PY 1999 VL 208 IS 5-6 BP 328 EP 331 DI 10.1007/s002170050424 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 195XM UT WOS:000080277500004 ER PT J AU Perez, S Imberty, A Engelsen, SB Gruza, J Mazeau, K Jimenez-Barbero, J Poveda, A Espinosa, JF van Eyck, BP Johnson, G French, AD Louise, M Kouwijzer, CE Grootenuis, PDJ Bernardi, A Raimondi, L Senderowitz, H Durier, V Vergoten, G Rasmussen, K AF Perez, S Imberty, A Engelsen, SB Gruza, J Mazeau, K Jimenez-Barbero, J Poveda, A Espinosa, JF van Eyck, BP Johnson, G French, AD Louise, M Kouwijzer, CE Grootenuis, PDJ Bernardi, A Raimondi, L Senderowitz, H Durier, V Vergoten, G Rasmussen, K TI A comparison and chemometric analysis of several molecular mechanics force fields and parameter sets applied to carbohydrates SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE molecular mechanics; force field; carbohydrate; PCA ID CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; D-GLUCOSE; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; SIMULATIONS; ALCOHOLS; DYNAMICS; MM3 AB Carbohydrates are thought to be especially difficult to model because of their highly polar functionality, their flexibility, and their differences in electronic arrangements that occur during conformational and configurational changes, such as the anomeric, exo-anomeric and gauche effects. These issues have been addressed in recent years, yielding several contributions to set up some relevant parameterizations that would account for these specific features of carbohydrates. Within the framework of a workshop involving the participation of 11 research groups active in the field, several commonly used molecular mechanics force fields and special carbohydrate parameter sets have been considered. The application of 20 force fields and/or sets of parameters to a series of seven test cases provided a fairly general picture of the potentiality of these parameter sets for giving a consistent image of structure and energy of carbohydrate molecules. The results derived from a chemometric analysis (principal component analysis, PCA) give a global view of the performances of the force fields and parameter sets for carbohydrates. The present analysis (i) provides an identification of the parameter sets which differ from the bulk, (ii) helps to establish the relationship that exists between the different parameter sets, (iii) provides indications for selecting different parameter sets to explore the force field dependency (or the lack of thereof) of a given molecular modeling study. Through the PCA, we have created a force field landscape on which the different force fields are related to each other on a relative scale. New carbohydrate force fields can easily be inserted inter this landscape (PCA model) and related to the performance of existing force fields. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Ctr Rech Macromol Vegetales, F-38041 Grenoble, France. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. CSIC, Inst Quim Organ, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. UAM, SIdl, E-28047 Madrid, Spain. Univ Utrecht, Dept Crystal & Struct Chem, Bijvoet Ctr Biomol Res, NL-3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ Groningen, GBB Inst, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Chim Organ & Ind, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Columbia Univ, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Sci & Tech Lille Flandres Artois, CRESIMM, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Perez, S (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Ctr Rech Macromol Vegetales, BP53X, F-38041 Grenoble, France. EM perez@cermav.cnrs.fr RI Raimondi, Laura/A-1327-2012; Engelsen, Soren/D-7911-2011; JESUS, JIMENEZ-BARBERO/D-4431-2014; Poveda, Ana/A-9534-2015; Bernardi, Anna/A-1167-2012; OI Raimondi, Laura/0000-0002-7314-1387; Engelsen, Soren/0000-0003-4124-4338; JESUS, JIMENEZ-BARBERO/0000-0001-5421-8513; Poveda, Ana/0000-0001-5060-2307; Bernardi, Anna/0000-0002-1258-2007; Imberty, Anne/0000-0001-6825-9527 NR 33 TC 143 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD DEC 31 PY 1998 VL 314 IS 3-4 BP 141 EP 155 DI 10.1016/S0008-6215(98)00305-X PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 190WV UT WOS:000079989000001 ER PT J AU Stephens, AS Gebhardt, JS Matthews, BF Wadsworth, GJ AF Stephens, AS Gebhardt, JS Matthews, BF Wadsworth, GJ TI Purification and preliminary characterization of the soybean glyoxysomal aspartate aminotransferase isozyme SO PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aspartate aminotransferase; isozyme; glyoxysome; soybean ID NODULES; PLANT; ISOENZYMES AB The glyoxysomal isozyme of aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1: AAT1) was purified from soybean cotyledons. AAT1 was separated from other soybean AAT isozymes by DEAE ion exchange chromatography and then purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by immunoaffinity chromatography. The purified isozyme contained a single polypeptide as detected on SDS PAGE with an estimated M-r of 42 000 Da. The glyoxysomal AAT had a broad pH optimum from 7.5 to 10.5 with maximal activity found at 9.5. The apparent K-m values were 4.7 mM for aspartate, 0.11 mM for 2-oxoglutarate, 49 mM for glutamate, and 0.11 mM for oxaloacetate. Kinetic parameters and size of the AAT1 polypeptide suggest this glyoxysomal form of AAT is similar to AAT isozymes targeted to other subcellular compartments in plants. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Coll Buffalo, Dept Biol, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. USDA, ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wadsworth, GJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Buffalo, Dept Biol, 1300 Elmwood Ave, Buffalo, NY 14222 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-9452 J9 PLANT SCI JI Plant Sci. PD DEC 31 PY 1998 VL 139 IS 2 BP 233 EP 242 DI 10.1016/S0168-9452(98)00193-9 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 157EZ UT WOS:000078048500012 ER PT J AU Gagen, CJ Standage, RW Stoeckel, JN AF Gagen, CJ Standage, RW Stoeckel, JN TI Ouachita madtom (Noturus lachneri) metapopulation dynamics in intermittent Ouachita mountain streams SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID FISHES; POOLS; RIVER AB The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has considered listing the Ouachita madtom (Noturus lachneri) as a threatened species. We estimated the abundance of Ouachita madtoms and evaluated the accuracy and the precision of those estimates in an adjacent pool and riffle habitat in each of three streams. Ouachita madtom density was higher than expected with an average of 95/100 m(2) (range from 17.2/100 m(2) to 204/100(2) at six sites). We also sampled Ouachita madtoms and associated fish in three streams when the stream bed was dry for hundreds of meters and fish were concentrated in the remaining pools (up to 32/m(2)). Fish were extirpated as most of these pools completely dried (at least 270 fish including 34 Ouachita madtoms). We excavated 7, 0.5-m(3) pits along the midline of recently dry sections of two streams to determine whether fish avoided mortality by burrowing into the hyporheic zone. Water and invertebrates were found in the pits; however, the lack of fish led us to reject this hypothesis. Because fish rapidly recolonized extirpated stream reaches from the large, deep, pools, we consider these pools to be critical, "source habitats." C1 Arkanas Tech Univ, Fisheries & Wildlife Biol Program, Russellville, AR 72801 USA. USDA, Ouachita Natl Forest, Hot Springs, AR 71902 USA. RP Gagen, CJ (reprint author), Arkanas Tech Univ, Fisheries & Wildlife Biol Program, Russellville, AR 72801 USA. EM bicg@atuvm.atu.edu NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 30 PY 1998 IS 4 BP 874 EP 882 DI 10.2307/1447334 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 184VL UT WOS:000079634400005 ER PT J AU Cavalcanti, SMC Knowlton, FF AF Cavalcanti, SMC Knowlton, FF TI Evaluation of physical and behavioral traits of llamas associated with aggressiveness toward sheep-threatening canids SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; coyote; depredation; Lama glama; llama; predation control ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; SOCIAL-DOMINANCE; COYOTE PREDATION AB Llamas (Lama glama) are frequently used as guard animals by sheep producers as part of their predation management programs. However, few data are available concerning physical and behavioral attributes that distinguish between effective and ineffective guardian llamas. Our study addressed this issue and evaluated aggressiveness of llamas toward dogs. Initially, we identified physical and behavioral traits of individual llamas. Twenty llamas were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 5 per group). We used focal group sampling techniques to rank individual llamas according to frequencies with which they displayed alertness, leadership, dominant, aggressive, and threatening behaviors as well as postures indicating dominance or subordination. We then examined the behavior of individual llamas with sheep. Finally, we documented interactions among llamas, sheep, and a surrogate predator (border collie). Our results showed that leadership, alertness, and weight of llamas were correlated with aggressiveness displayed toward the dog (p(s) = 0.064, 0.012, and 0.039 respectively). These traits are easily recognized and can be used by producers to select llamas as livestock guardians. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Cavalcanti, SMC (reprint author), 3926 Feramorz Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84124 USA. EM sandraca@ix.netcom.com NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD DEC 28 PY 1998 VL 61 IS 2 BP 143 EP 158 DI 10.1016/S0168-1591(98)00186-5 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 154HZ UT WOS:000077884600006 ER PT J AU Cuevas, E Lugo, AE AF Cuevas, E Lugo, AE TI Dynamics of organic matter and nutrient return from litterfall in stands of ten tropical tree plantation species SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE plantation species; litterfall; nutrient fluxes; P and N resorption; environmental triggers ID USE EFFICIENCY; SIMILAR AGE; COSTA-RICA; FOREST; SOIL; MONOCULTURES; LOWLANDS AB We studied the rates and patterns of carbon and nutrient fluxes in litterfall in ten tropical tree plantation species grown at the USDA Forest Service Arboretum in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. The stands were 26-years old and grew under similar climatic and edaphic conditions. individual plantation species ranked differently in terms of their capacity to return mass and specific nutrients to the forest floor, and with respect to their efficiency of nutrient use. The species that returned the most mass did not return the most P, N, or cations. Moreover, species differed according to the amount of N and P resorption before leaf fall. These differences reflect the variation in the ecophysiological response of each species to edaphic and climatic conditions. The difference between average and minimum resorption values of the species studied indicate that other environmental factors, such as heavy winds or the physical effects of heavy rains, can force the shedding of non-senesced leaves. This higher quality material, although not very much in quantity, can provide a small pulse of available nutrients to the forest floor community. The same holds true for other high nutrient/low mass fractions of litterfall such as reproductive parts and miscellaneous materials. In areas with no prevalent or strongly seasonal water limitations, temporal variations of leaf litter on the forest floor are the combined result of the rate of fall and decomposition of the falling material, and the diverse responses of species to different environmental cues. Leaf fall was inversely correlated to reduced water availability in three of the species studied. Leaf fall of the other species was correlated either to daylight duration or minimum temperatures. The results highlight the importance of understanding species performance relative to nutrient and mass metabolism before selection for plantation use, or for rehabilitation of degraded lands. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Cuevas, E (reprint author), Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Ecol, Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. EM ecuevas@olkos.ivic.ve NR 39 TC 48 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 28 PY 1998 VL 112 IS 3 BP 263 EP 279 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00410-1 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 155XR UT WOS:000077972200007 ER PT J AU Casey, WP Ewel, KC AF Casey, WP Ewel, KC TI Soil redox potential in small pondcypress swamps after harvesting SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE soil compaction; soil redox potential; Taxodium distichum var. nutans ID TUPELO-CYPRESS WETLAND; RECOVERY AB Soil environmental conditions were investigated in nine stillwater swamps dominated by pondcypress (Taxodium distichum var, nutans) in north central Florida. Three swamps were left unharvested (control); three were harvested, but surrounding slash pine plantations were left intact (swamp harvest); and three were harvested along with the surrounding slash pine plantations (swamp+upland harvest). Measurements of soil redox potential (E-h) and other soil and water properties were collected for 5 months before harvesting (December 1993-April 1994) and for 2 years after harvesting (May 1993-May 1996), No significant differences in water level resulted from harvesting, although control swamps became dry and harvested swamps remained flooded shortly after harvesting. Eh in the swamp+upland harvest treatment was lower than in the control treatment for only 1 month (July 1994) after logging but was also lower in areas where the soil was compacted by skidder equipment. Short-term increase in water level and soil compaction by skidder trafficking appear to have minimal long-term effects on soil environmental conditions. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Casey, WP (reprint author), Josep W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Route 2,Box 2324, Newton, GA 31770 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 28 PY 1998 VL 112 IS 3 BP 281 EP 287 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00409-5 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 155XR UT WOS:000077972200008 ER PT J AU Belant, JL Ickes, SK Seamans, TW AF Belant, JL Ickes, SK Seamans, TW TI Importance of landfills to urban-nesting herring and ring-billed gulls SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE herring gull; Larus argentatus; L-delawarensis; ring-billed gull; urban planning; waste disposal facilities ID LARUS-ARGENTATUS; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; HABITAT SELECTION; NEWFOUNDLAND; SUCCESS; BIOLOGY; REFUSE AB Little information exists on the importance of landfills to urban gulls and the influence landfills have on the establishment of urban-nesting gull colonies. Thus, there is critical need for data to determine factors contributing to increasing populations of urban gulls. Our objectives were to determine the importance of landfills to the reproductive success, diet, and movements (via radio telemetry) of urban-nesting herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and ring-billed gulls (L. delawarensis) in northern Ohio. Hatch success of herring gulls (198 breeding pairs) and ring-billed gulls (4502 breeding pairs) at urban-nesting colonies was greater than or equal to 41% lower than hatch success of traditional Great Lakes nesting colonies and more closely approximated hatch success of other urban-nesting colonies. Based on diet and habitat use, ring-billed gulls appeared more dependent on landfills than did herring gulls. Anthropogenic food, primarily from three landfills, was the major component of the diets of ring-billed gulls, whereas fish, primarily from Lake Erie, was used more extensively by herring gulls. On average, adult (25 km) and hatching-year (24 km) ring-billed gulls were located farther from their nesting colony than were adult (18 km) or hatching-year (12 km) herring gulls. Habitat use by hatching-year gulls of both species was similar to habitat use by adult conspecifics. Landfills contain a dependable source of food for urban-nesting gulls. Thus, size and distribution of urban-nesting gull colonies are likely to continue increasing, provided adequate anthropogenic food and colony sites remain available. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Seamans, TW (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ohio Field Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. EM nwrcsandusky@lrbcg.com NR 49 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD DEC 28 PY 1998 VL 43 IS 1-3 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1016/S0169-2046(98)00100-5 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 155KP UT WOS:000077946100002 ER PT J AU Kaufman, YJ Hobbs, PV Kirchhoff, VWJH Artaxo, P Remer, LA Holben, BN King, MD Ward, DE Prins, EM Longo, KM Mattos, LF Nobre, CA Spinhirne, JD Ji, Q Thompson, AM Gleason, JF Christopher, SA Tsay, SC AF Kaufman, YJ Hobbs, PV Kirchhoff, VWJH Artaxo, P Remer, LA Holben, BN King, MD Ward, DE Prins, EM Longo, KM Mattos, LF Nobre, CA Spinhirne, JD Ji, Q Thompson, AM Gleason, JF Christopher, SA Tsay, SC TI Smoke, Clouds, and Radiation - Brazil (SCAR-B) experiment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID TROPICAL SOUTH-ATLANTIC; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; SPECTRAL RADIANCES; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SULFATE AEROSOLS; FIELD EXPERIMENT; LAND SURFACES; SAVANNA FIRES; DRY SEASON; BIOMASS AB The Smoke, Clouds, and Radiation-Brazil (SCAR-B) field project took place in the Brazilian Amazon and cerrado regions in August-September 1995 as a collaboration between Brazilian and American scientists. SCAR-B, a comprehensive experiment to study biomass burning, emphasized measurements of surface biomass, fires, smoke aerosol and trace gases, clouds, and radiation, their climatic effects, and remote sensing from aircraft and satellites. It included aircraft and ground-based in situ measurements of smoke emission factors and the compositions, sizes, and optical properties of the smoke particles; studies of the formation of ozone; the transport and evolution of smoke; and smoke interactions with water vapor and clouds. This overview paper introduces SCAR-B and summarizes some of the main results obtained so far. (1) Fires: measurements of the size distribution of fires, using the 50 m resolution MODIS Airborne Simulator, show that most of the fires are small (e.g., 0.005 km(2)), but the satellite sensors (e.g., AVHRR and MODIS with 1 km resolution) can detect fires in Brazil which are responsible for 60-85% of the burned biomass; (2) Aerosol: smoke particles emitted from fires increase their radius by as much as 60% during their first three days in the atmosphere due to condensation and coagulation, reaching a mass median radius of 0.13-0.17 mu m; (3) Radiative forcing: estimates of the globally averaged direct radiative forcing due to smoke worldwide, based on the properties of smoke measured in SCAR-B (-0.1 to -0.3 W m(-2)), are smaller than previously modeled due to a lower single-scattering albedo (0.8 to 0.9), smaller scattering efficiency (3 m(2) g(-1) at 550 nm), and low humidification factor; and (4) Effect on clouds: a good relationship was found between cloud condensation nuclei and smoke volume concentrations, thus an increase in the smoke emission is expected to affect cloud properties. In SCAR-B, new techniques were developed for deriving the absorption and refractive index of smoke from ground-based remote sensing. Future spaceborne radiometers (e.g., MODIS on the Earth Observing System), simulated on aircraft, proved to be very useful for monitoring smoke properties, surface properties, and the impacts of smoke on radiation and climate. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05389970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, BR-12201970 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, Intermt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Mail Code 913, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM kaufman@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov RI King, Michael/C-7153-2011; Christopher, Sundar/E-6781-2011; Gleason, James/E-1421-2012; Tsay, Si-Chee/J-1147-2014; Artaxo, Paulo/E-8874-2010; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014 OI King, Michael/0000-0003-2645-7298; Artaxo, Paulo/0000-0001-7754-3036; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920 NR 102 TC 215 Z9 218 U1 2 U2 35 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D24 BP 31783 EP 31808 DI 10.1029/98JD02281 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 155VL UT WOS:000077967000021 ER PT J AU Prins, EM Feltz, JM Menzel, WP Ward, DE AF Prins, EM Feltz, JM Menzel, WP Ward, DE TI An overview of GOES-8 diurnal fire and smoke results for SCAR-B and 1995 fire season in South America SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE DATA; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; DRY-SEASON; BIOMASS; AEROSOLS; TROPICS; IMPACT; AMAZON AB The launch of the eighth Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-8) in 1994 introduced an improved capability for diurnal fire and smoke monitoring throughout the western hemisphere. In South America the GOES-8 automated biomass burning algorithm (ABBA) and the automated smoke/aerosol detection algorithm (ASADA) are being used to monitor biomass burning. This paper outlines GOES-8 ABBA and ASADA development activities and summarizes results for the Smoke, Clouds, and Radiation in Brazil (SCAR-B) experiment and the 1995 fire season. GOES-8 ABBA results document the diurnal, spatial, and seasonal variability in fire activity throughout South America. A validation exercise compares GOES-8 ABBA results with ground truth measurements for two SCAR-B prescribed burns. GOES-8 ASADA aerosol coverage and derived albedo results provide an overview of the extent of daily and seasonal smoke coverage and relative intensities. Day-to-day variability in smoke extent closely tracks fluctuations in fire activity. C1 Univ Wisconsin, NOAA, NESDIS, ORA,ASPT, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, Intermt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Univ Wisconsin, NOAA, NESDIS, ORA,ASPT, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM elaine.prins@ssec.wisc.edu RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201 NR 32 TC 156 Z9 161 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D24 BP 31821 EP 31835 DI 10.1029/98JD01720 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 155VL UT WOS:000077967000023 ER PT J AU Guild, LS Kauffman, JB Ellingson, LJ Cummings, DL Castro, EA AF Guild, LS Kauffman, JB Ellingson, LJ Cummings, DL Castro, EA TI Dynamics associated with total aboveground biomass, C, nutrient pools, and biomass burning of primary forest and pasture in Rondonia, Brazil during SCAR-B SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EASTERN AMAZON; DEFORESTATION; FIRE; CERRADO AB Burning of slashed tropical forests and pastures is among the most significant global sources of atmospheric emissions, yet the composition of the fuels and fires that creates these emissions is not well characterized. As part of the Smoke, Clouds, and Radiation-Brazil (SCAR-B) experiment, we measured total aboveground biomass (TAGB) as well as carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur pools in one cattle pasture and two slashed primary forests in Rondonia, Brazil. These pools were measured before and immediately after fires. From these data, we calculated the quantities of biomass and elements lost to the atmosphere during biomass burning. Prefire biomass in the pasture was 66 Mg ha(-1); fire consumed 31% of this mass. Woody debris from the forest that occupied this site 12 years previously comprised 81% of the pasture prefire TAGB. Elemental inputs into the atmosphere (site losses) from the pasture fire were 9 Mg C ha(-1), 88 kg N ha(-1), and 5 kg S ha(-1). Combining previous studies with this one, we calculate that the mean TAGB of Amazonian pastures is 74 Mg ha(-1) with a mean combustion factor of 46%. Mean nutrient losses from pasture fires in Amazonia are 14 Mg C ha(-1), 199 kg N ha(-1), and 16 kg S ha(-1) The TAGB of the two slashed primary forests before fire was 355 and 399 Mg ha(-1) and following fire was 188 and 185 Mg ha(-1) (i.e., a combustion factor of 47 and 54%), respectively. Combining this study with other studies of Amazon slashed primary forests, we calculate that the mean TAGB is 349 Mg ha(-1) and the mean combustion factor is 48%. Total elemental losses arising from the primary forest slash fires in this study were notably higher than losses from the pasture site: 79 and 102 Mg C ha(-1); 1019 and 1196 kg N ha(-1); and 87 and 96 kg S ha(-1). From this study combined with previous research in Rondonia and Para, we calculate that mean nutrient losses from primary forest slash fires are 88 Mg C ha(-1), 1181 kg N ha(-1), and 107 kg S ha(-1). As rates of deforestation are remaining high in the Brazilian Amazon and pastures are the most frequent end product, it can be expected that these will remain the dominant sources of atmospheric emissions from Amazonia in the future. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Intermt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Fundacao Nacl Indio, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Nash Hall 104, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM guildl@ucs.orst.edu NR 36 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D24 BP 32091 EP 32100 DI 10.1029/98JD00523 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 155VL UT WOS:000077967000043 ER PT J AU Kaufman, YJ Justice, CO Flynn, LP Kendall, JD Prins, EM Giglio, L Ward, DE Menzel, WP Setzer, AW AF Kaufman, YJ Justice, CO Flynn, LP Kendall, JD Prins, EM Giglio, L Ward, DE Menzel, WP Setzer, AW TI Potential global fire monitoring from EOS-MODIS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE DETECTION; SAVANNA ECOSYSTEMS; WATER-VAPOR; DATA SET; BIOMASS; AEROSOL; SMOKE; RESOLUTION; IDENTIFICATION; EMISSIONS AB The National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) plans to launch the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the polarorbiting Earth Observation System (EOS) providing morning and evening global observations in 1999 and afternoon and night observations in 2000. These four MODIS daily fire observations will advance global fire monitoring with special 1 km resolution fire channels at 4 and 11 rim with high saturation of about 450 and 400 K, respectively. MODIS data will also be used to monitor burn scars, vegetation type and condition, smoke aerosols, water vapor, and clouds for overall monitoring of the fire process and its effets on ecosystems, the atmosphere, and the climate. The MODIS fire science team is preparing algorithms that use the thermal signature to separate the fire signal from the background signal. A database of active fire products will be generated and archived at a 1 km resolution and summarized on a grid of 10 km and 0.5 degrees, daily, 8 days, and monthly. It includes the fire occurrence and location, the rate of emission of thermal energy from the fire, and a rough estimate of the smoldering/flaming ratio.. This information will be used in monitoring the spatial and temporal distribution of fires in different ecosystems, detecting changes in fire distribution and identifying new fire frontiers, wildfires, and changes in the frequency of the fires or their relative strength. We plan to combine the MODIS fire measurements with a detailed diurnal cycle of the fires from geostationary satellites. Sensitivity studies and analyses of aircraft and satellite data from the Yellowstone wildfire of 1988 and prescribed fires in the Smoke, Clouds, and Radiation (SCAR) aircraft field experiments are used to evaluate and validate the fire algorithms and to establish the relationship between the fire thermal properties, the rate of biomass consumption, and the emissions of aerosol and trace gases from fires. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planets, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, Intermt Res Stn, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Inst Pesquisas Espaciais, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 913, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM justice@kratmos.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201 NR 83 TC 270 Z9 292 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 27 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D24 BP 32215 EP 32238 DI 10.1029/98JD01644 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 155VL UT WOS:000077967000054 ER PT J AU Sperry, S Samuels, GJ Crews, P AF Sperry, S Samuels, GJ Crews, P TI Vertinoid polyketides from the saltwater culture of the fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum separated from a Haliclona marine sponge SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SALT-WATER CULTURE; VERTICILLIUM-INTERTEXTUM; TETRONIC ACIDS; METABOLITES; FERMENTATION; ELUCIDATION; ORGANISMS C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Crews, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM phil@chemistry.ucsc.edu NR 36 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD DEC 25 PY 1998 VL 63 IS 26 BP 10011 EP 10014 DI 10.1021/jo9808122 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 153LP UT WOS:000077834800070 ER PT J AU Koblizek, M Masojidek, J Komenda, J Kucera, T Pilloton, R Mattoo, AK Giardi, MT AF Koblizek, M Masojidek, J Komenda, J Kucera, T Pilloton, R Mattoo, AK Giardi, MT TI A sensitive photosystem II-based biosensor for detection of a class of herbicides SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE herbicides; photosystem II; thermophilic cyanobacteria; biosensor ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RES; TRIAZINE HERBICIDES; FLOW-THROUGH; Q(B) SITE; MEMBRANES; FLUORESCENCE; CHLOROPLASTS; CHLOROPHYLL; IMMUNOASSAY; ENTRAPMENT AB We have developed a biosensor for the detection of residual triazine-, urea- and phenolic-type herbicides, using isolated photosystem II (PSII) particles from the thermophilic cyanobacterium, Synechococcus elongatus, as biosensing elements. The herbicide detection was based on the fact that, in the presence of artificial electron accepters, the light-induced electron transfer through isolated PSII particles is accompanied by the release of oxygen, which is inhibited by the herbicide in a concentration-dependent manner. The PSII particles were immobilized between dialysis membrane and the Teflon membrane of the Clark oxygen electrode mounted in a flow cell that was illuminated. Inclusion of the antibiotic chloramphenicol in the reaction mixtures prolonged, by 50%, the lifetime of the biosensor. The use of highly active PSII particles in combination with the flow system resulted in a reusable herbicide biosensor with good stability (50% of initial activity was still remaining after 35-h use at 25 degrees C) and high sensitivity (detection limit for diuron was 5 x 10(-10) M). (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 CNR, Inst Plant Biochem & Ecophysiol, I-00016 Monterotondo, Italy. Univ S Bohemia, Dept Plant Physiol, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Microbiol, Trebon, Czech Republic. Charles Univ, Dept Biochem, Prague, Czech Republic. ENEA, New Technol Dept, Rome, Italy. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Giardi, MT (reprint author), CNR, Inst Plant Biochem & Ecophysiol, Via Salaria Km 29-3, I-00016 Monterotondo, Italy. RI Kucera, Tomas/E-9981-2011; Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011; Koblizek, Michal/H-2851-2014; Masojidek , Jiri/I-5793-2014; Pilloton, Roberto/M-6359-2014; Komenda, Josef/H-4083-2014; OI Kucera, Tomas/0000-0001-7214-9494; Pilloton, Roberto/0000-0002-5329-110X; Komenda, Josef/0000-0003-4588-0382; Giardi, Maria Teresa/0000-0002-7401-5905 NR 30 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD DEC 20 PY 1998 VL 60 IS 6 BP 664 EP 669 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19981220)60:6<664::AID-BIT3>3.0.CO;2-B PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 136KN UT WOS:000076858100003 PM 10099476 ER PT J AU Shortridge, KF Zhou, NN Guan, Y Gao, P Ito, T Kawaoka, Y Kodihalli, S Krauss, S Markwell, D Murti, KG Norwood, M Senne, D Sims, L Takada, A Webster, RG AF Shortridge, KF Zhou, NN Guan, Y Gao, P Ito, T Kawaoka, Y Kodihalli, S Krauss, S Markwell, D Murti, KG Norwood, M Senne, D Sims, L Takada, A Webster, RG TI Characterization of avian H5N1 influenza viruses from poultry in Hong Kong SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A-VIRUSES; HEMAGGLUTININ GENES; CLEAVAGE SITE; PATHOGENICITY; VIRULENT; SUBTYPES; GERMANY; ORIGIN AB The transmission of avian H5N1 influenza viruses to 18 humans in Hong Kong in 1997 with six deaths established that avian influenza viruses can transmit to and cause lethal infection in humans. This report characterizes the antigenic and biological properties of the H5N1 influenza viruses isolated from chickens, ducks, and geese from farms and poultry markets in Hong Kong during 1997 and compares them with those of virus isolated from the index human case. Each of the H5N1 viruses from Hong Kong poultry markets that were tested were lethal in chickens, possessed polybasic amino acids at the carboxy-terminus of HAI, and by definition were highly pathogenic in poultry. The available nonpathogenic H5 influenza viruses and the pathogenic H5N1 virus from Hong Kong were analyzed with monoclonal antibodies prepared to A/chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/83 (H5N2). The analysis revealed limited antigenic drift in 15 years and established that monoclonal antibodies are useful reagents for identification and antigenic analysis of avian strains that may transmit to humans in the future. One of the monoclonal antibodies permitted separation of the H5N1 influenza viruses from poultry into two groups that correlated with the presence or absence of a carbohydrate at residue 158 adjacent to the receptor binding site on HA. The H5N1 viruses examined replicated in geese, pigs, rats, and mice, but to only a very limited extent in ducks. It is noteworthy that all infected geese shed virus and that the H5N1 viruses caused disease signs and death in a portion (3 of 16) of the geese, with evidence of systemic spread to the brain. The tropism for geese is unusual and may provide insight into the origin of these viruses. In mice, the H5N1 virus caused lethal pneumonia and spread systemically to the brain. Mice would thus provide an ideal model system for studying immune responses and pathogenesis. Transmission experiments in chickens revealed that the H5N1 viruses are spread by fecal-oral transmission rather than by aerosol, and that the viruses are inactivated by drying of feces at ambient temperature. However, infectivity is maintained for at least 4 days in wet feces at 25 degrees C. There were differences in the morphology of the H5N1 viruses isolated from birds and humans. The perpetuation of H5N1 influenza viruses in the poultry markets in Hong Kong and the transmission of these viruses to humans emphasize the importance of these markets in the epidemiology of influenza. The poultry markets are of critical importance in the perpetuation and transmission of influenza viruses to other avian species and to mammals, including humans. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Virol & Mol Biol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. Univ Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hosp, Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Tottori Univ, Fac Agr, Tottori 6800945, Japan. Natl Vet Serv Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Agr & Fisheries Dept, Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Vet Med, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600818, Japan. Jiangxi Med Coll, Dept Microbiol, Nanchang 330006, Peoples R China. RP Webster, RG (reprint author), St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Virol & Mol Biol, 332 N Lauderdale,Suite D3007E, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. EM robert.webster@stjude.org RI Takada, Ayato/A-6679-2012 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-21765] NR 31 TC 385 Z9 413 U1 2 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD DEC 20 PY 1998 VL 252 IS 2 BP 331 EP 342 DI 10.1006/viro.1998.9488 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 151UN UT WOS:000077739200006 PM 9878612 ER PT J AU Kempken, F Howad, W Pring, DR AF Kempken, F Howad, W Pring, DR TI Mutations at specific atp6 codons which cause human mitochondrial diseases also lead to male sterility in a plant SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cytoplasmic male sterility; mitochondrial mutation; RNA editing; mitochondrial dysfunction; pollen fertility ID DNA MUTATION AB Defects in the human mitochondrial genetic system result in some diseases. These disorders are the result of rearrangements or point mutations in mitochondrial genes. In higher plants mutations and rearrangements in the mitochondrial DNA are believed to cause cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), a mitochondrially inherited inability to produce viable pollen. In sorghum, formation of CMS is strongly correlated with anther-specific loss of mitochondrial atp6 RNA editing. Here we show that this loss of atp6 RNA editing mimics point mutations at codons that cause severe disorders in humans. We conclude that (i) loss of RNA editing in sorghum anthers probably causes CMS, (ii) similarities exist in the onset of mitochondrial dysfunction in plant and human tissues, and (iii) the evolutionary appearance of RNA editing provided a mechanism to compensate for otherwise lethal point mutations. (C) 1998 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Allgemeine Bot, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Environm Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Plant Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Kempken, F (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Allgemeine Bot, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD DEC 18 PY 1998 VL 441 IS 2 BP 159 EP 160 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)01538-5 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 152PE UT WOS:000077785300001 PM 9883875 ER PT J AU Urzua, U Kersten, PJ Vicuna, R AF Urzua, U Kersten, PJ Vicuna, R TI Kinetics of Mn3+-oxalate formation and decay in reactions catalyzed by manganese peroxidase of Ceriporiopsis subvermispora SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE manganese peroxidase; Mn3+-oxalate; superoxide; hydrogen peroxide; Ceriporiopsis subvermispora ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; MN-PEROXIDASE; COMPLEXES; OXALATE; OXIDATION; MECHANISM; CHELATORS; PH AB The kinetics of Mn3+-oxalate formation and decay were investigated in reactions catalyzed by manganese peroxidase (MnP) from the basiomycete Ceriporiopsis subvermispora in the absence of externally added hydrogen peroxide, A characteristic lag observed in the formation of this complex was shortened by glyoxylate or catalytic amounts of Mn3+ or hydrogen peroxide, MnP titers had a minor effect on this lag and did not influence the decay rate of the complex. In contrast, Mn2+ and oxalate drastically affected maximal concentrations of the Mn3+-oxalate complex formed, the decay of which was accelerated at high Mn2+ levels. The highest concentration of complex was obtained at pH 4.0, whereas an inverse relationship was found between the pH of the reaction and the decay rate of the complex with MnP present. In the absence of MnP, the best fit for the decay kinetics of the complex gave an order of 3/2 at concentrations in the range of 30-100 mu M, with a k(obs) = 0.012 min(-1) M-0.5 at pH 4.0. The rate constant increases at lower pH values and decreases at high oxalate concentrations. The physiological relevance of these findings is discussed. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Santiago, Chile. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Vicuna, R (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. EM rvicuna@genes.bio.puc.cl RI Urzua, Ulises/A-3982-2013; OI Urzua, Ulises/0000-0003-0522-5754 NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 360 IS 2 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1006/abbi.1998.0952 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 148UJ UT WOS:000077551300009 PM 9851833 ER PT J AU Yu, ZK Hausman, GJ AF Yu, ZK Hausman, GJ TI Expression of CCAAT enhancer binding proteins during porcine preadipocyte differentiation SO EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE preadipocyte; differentiation; C/EBP; AD-3 ID STROMAL-VASCULAR CELLS; C/EBP-ALPHA-GENE; FACTOR-I IGF-1; ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; 3T3-L1 PREADIPOCYTES; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; INSULIN; GROWTH; MOUSE AB The expression of three CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) was examined with immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis during preadipocyte differentiation in porcine stromal vascular (S-V) cell cultures. Regardless of treatment and time in culture, immunoreactivity for all three C/EBP isoforms was restricted to cell nuclei. At day 1, 50 +/- 6% of S-V cells were C/EBP delta positive, whereas 13 +/- 3 and 11.7 +/- 3% of S-V cells were AD-3 and C/EBP alpha positive, respectively. After 3 days of seeding in fetal bovine serum (FBS) and dexamethasone (DEX), C/EBP delta; AD-3, and C/EBP alpha-positive cells increased to 67 +/- 5, 42 +/- 4, and 32 +/- 3%, respectively. Double staining clearly showed that most of the C/EBP alpha reactive cells had not accumulated appreciable lipid after 3 days of FBS + DEX, Following 3 days of insulin treatment, the percentage of C/EBP delta cells was 50 +/- 6, whereas the percentage of AD-3- and C/EBP alpha-positive cells was 41 +/- 4 and 31 +/- 3, respectively. After insulin treatment all fat cells were AD-3, C/EBP alpha, and C/EBP delta positive. Double staining demonstrated that fat cells were C/EBP delta reactive throughout the culture period. Western blotting showed changes in C/EBP isoform expression that were consistent with the immunocytochemical results. We conclude that C/EBP alpha is a terminal differentiation marker which is expressed later than AD-3 but further studies are needed to determine the relationship between C/EBP delta and adipogenesis in porcine S-V cultures. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Anim Physiol Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Foods & Nutr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hausman, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Anim Physiol Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4827 J9 EXP CELL RES JI Exp. Cell Res. PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 245 IS 2 BP 343 EP 349 DI 10.1006/excr.1998.4260 PG 7 WC Oncology; Cell Biology SC Oncology; Cell Biology GA 148XP UT WOS:000077559800013 PM 9851875 ER PT J AU Sparling, PH AF Sparling, PH TI Escherichia coli O157 : H7 outbreaks in the United States, 1982-1996 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Post-Harvest Food, at the 135th Annual Meeting of the AVMA CY JUL 25, 1998 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP AVMA C1 USDA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Food Safety Inspect Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sparling, PH (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Food Safety Inspect Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 213 IS 12 BP 1733 EP 1733 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 146ZP UT WOS:000077464000013 PM 9861961 ER PT J AU Fedorka-Cray, PJ Dargatz, DA Wells, SJ Wineland, NE Miller, MA Tollefson, L Petersen, KE AF Fedorka-Cray, PJ Dargatz, DA Wells, SJ Wineland, NE Miller, MA Tollefson, L Petersen, KE TI Impact of antimicrobic use in veterinary medicine SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Post-Harvest Food, at the 135th Annual Meeting of the AVMA CY JUL 25, 1998 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP AVMA C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. USDA, Food Safety Inspect Serv, Emerging Pathogens & Zoonot Dis Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Fedorka-Cray, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 213 IS 12 BP 1739 EP 1741 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 146ZP UT WOS:000077464000017 PM 9861965 ER PT J AU Nisbet, DJ AF Nisbet, DJ TI Use of competitive exclusion in food animals SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Post-Harvest Food, at the 135th Annual Meeting of the AVMA CY JUL 25, 1998 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP AVMA ID COMMERCIAL BROILER-CHICKENS; SALMONELLA INFECTION; CECAL BACTERIA; COLONIZATION; CULTURE; FLORA C1 USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Nisbet, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 213 IS 12 BP 1744 EP 1746 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 146ZP UT WOS:000077464000019 PM 9861967 ER PT J AU Fetterer, RH Rhoads, ML AF Fetterer, RH Rhoads, ML TI A hemolytic factor from Haemonchus contortus alters erythrocyte morphology SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nematode; stomach worm; trichostrongyle; lysis; hemolysis ID CALCITRANS L DIPTERA; MUSCIDAE AB A hemolytic factor from adult Haemonchus contortus caused distinct morphological changes in the surface of sheep red blood cells (RBCs). After a 15 min exposure to the hemolytic factor, hemolysis was not detected in incubation media, but RBCs were spherical in shape with numerous surface projections compared to control cells that were smooth-surfaced biconcave disks. After 30 min, a time at which significant hemolysis occurred, echinocytes were formed, and after 90 min, cells were severely disrupted with many visible holes in membranes. No RBC ghosts were observed. RBCs from four other mammalian species were lysed by the H. contortus hemolytic factor. However, the rate of hemolysis varied with a relative order of sheep approximate to rabbit>goat>pig>calf. The morphology of RBCs from all four species was significantly altered after 30 min incubation with the degree of morphological changes related to the degree of hemolysis. These results support the hypothesis that the hemolytic factor acts as a pore-forming agent, although a phospholipase or other enzyme might play a role in solubilization of cell membranes. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fetterer, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 80 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(98)00187-3 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 148AW UT WOS:000077531000004 PM 9877069 ER PT J AU Almeria, S Canals, A Gomez-Munoz, MT Zarlenga, DS Gasbarre, LC AF Almeria, S Canals, A Gomez-Munoz, MT Zarlenga, DS Gasbarre, LC TI Characterization of protective immune responses in local lymphoid tissues after drug-attenuated infections with Ostertagia ostertagi in calves SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ostertagia ostertagi; immunity; cattle; cytokines ID TRANSFORMING GROWTH-FACTOR; T-CELL; IGE RESPONSE; CATTLE; BETA; NEMATODES; CD4+ AB In the present study, cell-surface markers and cytokine gene expression of lymphocytes from the local lymph nodes were studied 9 days after primary infection with Ostertagia ostertagi in previously naive calves or in calves previously immunized with multiple, chemically attenuated infections. Changes in lymphocyte populations were assessed by Bow cytometry utilizing monoclonal antibodies specific for bovine cell-surface markers. Changes observed in the percentages of lymphoid populations after challenge were similar in animals immunized by either three or five drug-attenuated infections. In both immunized groups, the CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio was significantly higher than in naive animals after challenge infections. In addition, both immunized groups showed significantly lower levels of Ig-bearing cells upon experimental challenge when compared to animals with a primary experimental infection. No differences were observed in the number of gamma delta or interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) positive cells. The levels of mRNA for IL-4, IL-10, IL-15, IFN-gamma and TGF-beta 1 were examined by competitive RT-PCR. After challenge, the levels of these cytokines were lower in animals immunized by five drug-attenuated infections, and in the case of IL-4 and TGF-beta 1, these differences were statistically significant. These results indicate that animals exhibiting protection from reinfection with O. ostertagi do not show a shift to higher percentages of Ig(+) cells characteristic of a primary infection. In addition, protected animals appear to show a decreased IIA and TGF-beta 1 response upon challenge when compared to non-immune animals. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, LPSI, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gasbarre, LC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, LPSI, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Almeria, Sonia/N-4663-2014; Gomez_Munoz, Maria Teresa/S-3800-2016 OI Almeria, Sonia/0000-0002-0558-5488; Gomez_Munoz, Maria Teresa/0000-0001-8104-845X NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD DEC 15 PY 1998 VL 80 IS 1 BP 53 EP 64 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(98)00185-X PG 12 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 148AW UT WOS:000077531000006 PM 9877071 ER PT J AU Foster, GS Rousseau, RJ Nance, WL AF Foster, GS Rousseau, RJ Nance, WL TI Eastern cottonwood clonal mixing study: intergenotypic competition effects SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE genetic deployment; genetic variance; growth and yield modeling; overyielding; underyielding ID STAND DEVELOPMENT; LOBLOLLY-PINE; MIXTURES; MODEL AB Intergenotypic competition of seven clones of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) was evaluated in a replacement series experiment. A partial diallel competition design was used to choose pairs (binary sets) of clones for plot type treatments. Two separate treatments were established for each pair of clones, namely (1) 75% clone A: 25% clone B and (2) 25% clone A: 75% clone B. Twenty-one treatments were established in the study: seven pure clone treatments and 14 mixed treatments (seven pairs of clones each at two ratios). Two study sites (Vicksburg, Mississippi and Wickliffe, Kentucky) were used. Results are presented for stand ages two, three, and four years which corresponds to the lower to mid-length rotation for the species for a short rotation woody crop (either biomass for energy or fiber for pulp and paper). Average plot height at an age of 4 years was 13.23 m. Plot total yield was affected by intergenotypic competition. The type and level of response to mixing clones depended on the specific clones involved and the planting site. Usually, the most predictable opportunity for over- or underyielding when in binary mixture occurred for clones which differed substantially in pure plot growth and yield. The yield of mixtures of clones of more similar growth patterns sometimes differed significantly from that expected from an additive model, but this was less common. When significant differences did occur between pure clone yields and the yields of their binary mixtures, the plot yield was often a linear function of the proportion of the best clone. Overyielding of mixtures occurred, with additional yields of up to 27% of the mixture over the best clone's pure plot yield. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. Westvaco Co, Wickliffe, KY 42087 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Foster, GS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, POB 2680, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 14 PY 1998 VL 112 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 22 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00302-8 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 155DW UT WOS:000077931800002 ER PT J AU Binkley, D Ryan, MG AF Binkley, D Ryan, MG TI Net primary production and nutrient cycling in replicated stands of Eucalyptus saligna and Albizia facaltaria SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE nitrogen fixation; tropical forest productivity; ecosystem production ID FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; PLANTATIONS; HAWAII; GROWTH AB Production and nutrient cycling budgets were estimated at three locations within 1 km on the island of Hawaii, for replicated plantations of Eucalyptus saligna Sm. and nitrogen-fixing Albizia facaltaria (L.) Fosberg (=Paraserianthes facaltaria (L.) Nielson)). At the age of 16 years, the aboveground biomass of Eucalyptus averaged 323 Mg/ha, about 50% more than the 216 Mg/ha of Albizia biomass. Net primary production (NPP) was about 40 Mg ha(-1) year(-1) for both species. Eucalyptus allocated 45% of NPP to stem production, compared with 34% of Albizia (p=0.02). Conversely, Eucalyptus allocated less production belowground (29% of NPP) than did Albizia (41% of NPP, p<0.01). Litterfall mass did not differ between species, but differences in litterfall nutrient concentrations led to greater litterfall cycling of N and P for Albizia than for Eucalyptus (141 vs. 105 kg N ha(-1); 6.2 vs. 4.8 kg P ha(-1) year(-1)). The rate of N cycling in the aboveground-increment plus litterfall did not differ significantly between species. Lower soil P supply under Albizia may be partially responsible for the high ratio of belowground:aboveground production for Albizia. The mean annual increment (MAI) of aboveground biomass of Eucalyptus for 16 years was 20.2 Mg ha(-1) year(-1), which is not different from the annual increment of 19.3 Mg ha(-1) year(-1) between the age of 14 and 16 years. The MAI for Albizia (13.5 Mg ha(-1) year(-1)) also matched the annual increment (13.9 Mg ha(-1) year(-1)) from ages 14-16. The sustained high productivity of these stands may warrant longer rotation periods than currently recommended, especially on fertile soils or in silvicultural systems with high rates of fertilization. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Binkley, D (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 22 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 14 PY 1998 VL 112 IS 1-2 BP 79 EP 85 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00331-4 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 155DW UT WOS:000077931800009 ER PT J AU Hamada, JS Spanier, AM Bland, JM Diack, M AF Hamada, JS Spanier, AM Bland, JM Diack, M TI Preparative separation of value-added peptides from rice bran proteins by high-performance liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Preparative Chromatography CY MAY 31-JUN 03, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Washington Chromatog Discuss Grp DE rice bran; flavor enhancers; preparative chromatography; peptides ID MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE; FRACTIONS AB Peptides from rice bran protein were investigated because of their potential usefulness in industrial food uses. Peptides were generated from defatted rice bran by treatment with a commercial protease to 7.6% peptide bond hydrolysis. Protein hydrolysates were separated into 20 peaks by quaternary methylamine anion-exchange HPLC on a 25 mmX30 cm column with 96% recovery. Out of 12 peptide fractions, the first four contained 37 and 57% of the total protein and amide in the hydrolysate, respectively. Since glutamic acid in peptides is a potent flavor enhancer, these peptides can serve as an excellent source of flavor enhancing ingredients after further deamidation. An HPLC method was developed for the potential commercial scale-up preparation of these functional peptides for food use leading to new value-added products from the under-utilized rice bran. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. So Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. RP ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 11 PY 1998 VL 827 IS 2 BP 319 EP 327 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00657-8 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 153KP UT WOS:000077832500015 ER PT J AU Nielsen, K Gall, D Lin, M Massangill, C Samartino, L Perez, B Coats, M Hennager, S Dajer, A Nicoletti, P Thomas, F AF Nielsen, K Gall, D Lin, M Massangill, C Samartino, L Perez, B Coats, M Hennager, S Dajer, A Nicoletti, P Thomas, F TI Diagnosis of bovine brucellosis using a homogeneous fluorescence polarization assay SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE homogeneous assay; fluorescence polarization; serology; brucellosis ID ANTIBODY; ABORTUS AB To evaluate the fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) for the serological diagnosis of bovine brucellosis, 118 sera from cattle which were culture positive for Brucella abortus, 1751 sera from cattle from premises containing cattle infected with B. abortus, 1222 sera from cattle vaccinated with B. abortus strain 19 and 1199 sera from cattle with no evidence of brucellosis were tested in Argentina, Chile, Mexico and in the American states of Iowa, Missouri and Texas. Initial determination of serological positivity and negativity was based upon reactivity in currently used serological tests, consisting of a rapid screening test, the rose-bengal or the buffered plate antigen tests, followed by a second serological test, the complement fixation test, Sensitivity of the FPA (sera from culture positive animals) ranged from 87.5% to 100%. Serological positivity of cattle from infected premises ranged from 65.5% to 99.0% while the % negative cattle in herds without evidence of brucellosis was between 94.9 and 100%. Of B. abortus strain 19 vaccinated cattle which were positive in at least one in-use serological tests, 88.2% were negative in the FPA. In contrast, previous Canadian studies, sensitivity values were 99.0% and 100% and the specificity in both cases was 100%. This discrepancy was probably due to the use of less well characterized sera in the current study. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Anim Dis Res Inst, Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Nepean, ON K2H 8P9, Canada. Jefferson City Diagnost Lab, Div Anim Hlth, Dept Agr, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. Inst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria, Ctr Invest Ciencias Vet, Inst Bacteriol, RA-1708 Moron, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Lab Reg Osorno, Serv Agricola & Ganadero, Osorno, Chile. Texas Anim Hlth Commiss, Austin, TX USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Nielsen, K (reprint author), Anim Dis Res Inst, Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, 3851 Fallowfield Rd, Nepean, ON K2H 8P9, Canada. EM nielsenk@em.agr.ca NR 9 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 11 PY 1998 VL 66 IS 3-4 BP 321 EP 329 DI 10.1016/S0165-2427(98)00195-0 PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 150YF UT WOS:000077693100010 PM 9880108 ER PT J AU Stabel, JR Goff, JP Ackermann, MR AF Stabel, JR Goff, JP Ackermann, MR TI Dietary calcium modulates Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in beige mice SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium paratuberculosis; calcium; mice ID VITAMIN-D; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; TUBERCULOSIS; HYPERCALCEMIA; SARCOIDOSIS; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN-D; 1,25(OH)2D3; PATIENT; METABOLISM; DISEASE AB A 6-month study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding different levels of dietary calcium (Ca) on the persistence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection using a mouse model. Beige mice, averaging 8 weeks of age, were randomly assigned to one of the following dietary treatments: 1) 0.02% Ca, 2) 0.15% Ca, 3) 0.45% Ca, and 4) 1.0% Ca. Mice were infected intraperitoneally with 10(8) CFU viable M. paratuberculosis for 1, 3, and 6 month periods. Plasma Ca levels was unaffected by dietary Ca (x = 7.3 mg/dl). Plasma levels of 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 was elevated significantly in 0.02% and 0.15% Ca groups compared to other treatments at the end of each period, with the highest levels observed for 0.02% Ca mice and intermediate values for 0.15% Ca mice. One month after infection, numbers of viable M. paratuberculosis cultured from the spleen were significantly reduced for 0.15% Ca mice, whereas the number of bacteria isolated from the liver and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) were higher for the 0.02% Ca group. There were no differences in bacterial numbers in the ileum although they tended to be higher for the 0.02% Ca group. Three months after infection, bacterial numbers in the spleen, ileum, and MLN did not differ across treatments, however, significantly lower numbers were found in the liver of 1.0% Ca mice. Reduced bacterial counts were also observed in the liver of 0.15%, 0.45%, and 1.0% Ca mice after a 6-month infection period compared to the 0.02% Ca group, with the lowest numbers isolated from the 1.0% Ca mice. Numbers of viable bacteria cultured from the ileum and MLN after 6 months of infection were also significantly reduced in 1.0% Ca mice. These results suggest that Ca metabolism is an important modulator of M. paratuberculosis infection. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Metab Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Stabel, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, 2300 N Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jstabel@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD DEC 11 PY 1998 VL 66 IS 3-4 BP 377 EP 390 DI 10.1016/S0165-2427(98)00196-2 PG 14 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 150YF UT WOS:000077693100015 PM 9880113 ER PT J AU Kelsey, RG Joseph, G Thies, WG AF Kelsey, RG Joseph, G Thies, WG TI Sapwood and crown symptoms in ponderosa pine infected with black-stain and annosum root disease SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE detecting root disease; headspace chromatography; acetaldehyde; ethanol; methanol; Pinus ponderosa; Leptographium wageneri; Heterobasidion annosum ID DOUGLAS-FIR; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; AMBROSIA BEETLES; HOST SELECTION; ALPHA-PINENE; ETHANOL; FOREST; METHANOL; EMISSION AB Crown growth parameters, extent of disease in roots, and volatile compounds from sapwood were measured for diseased and healthy ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.). The pathogens were black-stain root disease, caused by Leptographium wageneri var. ponderosum (Harrington's Br Cobb), annosum root disease, caused by Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref., or both. Samples of sapwood collected near the root collar were heated in sealed vials and volatile compounds analyzed by gas chromatography. Acetaldehyde, acetone, ethanol, methanol, and 2-propanol were quantified. Acetaldehyde was selected by logistic regression to be the best predictor for distinguishing healthy from diseased trees. Acetaldehyde concentrations were significantly lower in healthy trees. Concentrations of methanol and acetaldehyde from sapwood were positively correlated to the percentage of non-functional root area caused by disease, while length of the terminal leader and water content of sapwood from near the root collar were negatively related. Crown growth parameters did not change significantly until more than one-third of the root system was diseased. The mean ethanol concentration from diseased trees was significantly higher than that from healthy trees. About half of the diseased pine contained high ethanol concentrations, with substantial variation in concentrations among cardinal positions sampled around the root collar. While high ethanol concentrations were associated with diseased trees, low ethanol concentrations were not a good indicator of health. All volatiles, except ethanol, were partially or entirely generated by thermal decomposition of sapwood constituents when heated in sealed vials during analysis. Nevertheless, some may be useful chemical markers for identifying trees with root disease before the disease reaches an advanced stage. Also, they might be useful in estimating what proportion of a root system is diseased and non-functional. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kelsey, RG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM kelseyr@fsl.orst.edu NR 50 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 7 PY 1998 VL 111 IS 2-3 BP 181 EP 191 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00332-6 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 148YP UT WOS:000077562400008 ER PT J AU Taylor, AH Skinner, CN AF Taylor, AH Skinner, CN TI Fire history and landscape dynamics in a late-successional reserve, Klamath Mountains, California, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE age-classes; Douglas-fir; fire ecology; fire regimes; landscape ecology; stand structure ID ABIES-MAGNIFICA FORESTS; WESTERN CASCADE RANGE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; NATIONAL-PARK; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; CONIFER FOREST; OREGON; DISTURBANCE; WILDFIRES; GRADIENT AB The frequency, extent, and severity of fires strongly influence development patterns of forests dominated by Douglas-fir in the Pacific Northwest. Limited data on fire history and stand structure suggest that there is geographical variation in fire regimes and that this variation contributes to regional differences in stand and landscape structure. Managers need region-specific fire regime data to develop process-based management schemes to manage new late-successional reserves (LSR). This study quantifies fire regimes and stand structural patterns in a LSR in Douglas-fir-dominated forests in northern California. We analyzed tree species composition, structure (diameter, age), and fire scars from 75 plots in a 1570 ha area in the northern Klamath Mountains. Tree species composition varied with elevation and aspect, and median fire return intervals were similar (12-19 years) among species composition groups. However, median fire return intervals (FRI) were shorter on south- (8 years) and west-facing (13 years) slopes than on northern (15 years) or eastern (16.5 years) aspects. Fire return intervals also varied by historical period. Median FRIs were longer (21.8 years) during the suppression period (1905-1992) than in the settlement (1850-1904) (12.5 years) or presettlement (1627-1849) (14.5 years) period. The average burn area for a fire was 350 ha, and 16 fires larger than 500 ha burned between 1627 and 1992. Fire rotations varied by century from 15.5 to 25.5 years and were longest in the fire suppression period. Stand conditions were multi-aged, and Douglas-fir recruitment occurred after fire. Patterns of past fire severity, inferred from age-classes, indicate that upper slopes, ridgetops, and south- and west-facing slopes experienced more severe fires between 1850 and 1950 than lower slopes or east- and north-facing slopes. Implications are that lower slopes and north and east aspects are more likely than other topographic positions to sustain or promote long-term, late-successional conditions. Prescribed fire will likely be an integral component of management plans that successfully maintain natural processes and structures in newly established late-successional reserves in the Klamath Mountains. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96001 USA. RP Taylor, AH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM cskinner@c-zone.net NR 72 TC 175 Z9 190 U1 5 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD DEC 7 PY 1998 VL 111 IS 2-3 BP 285 EP 301 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00342-9 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 148YP UT WOS:000077562400015 ER PT J AU Dolja, VV Peremyslov, VV Keller, KE Martin, RR Hong, J AF Dolja, VV Peremyslov, VV Keller, KE Martin, RR Hong, J TI Isolation and stability of histidine-tagged proteins produced in plants via potyvirus gene vectors SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POTATO-VIRUS-X; BEET YELLOWS CLOSTEROVIRUS; MOVEMENT PROTEIN; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SYSTEMIC INFECTION; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; MOSAIC-VIRUS; RNA VIRUS; EXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION AB A system for the expression and purification of histidine-tagged proteins from plants has been developed using a tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV)-derived gene vectors. The vectors offered a convenient polylinker and a choice of histidine tagging at the recombinant proteins' N or C termini. These vectors were utilized for expression of proteins encoded by beet yellows closterovirus (BYV). Approximately 4 mu g/g of 20-kDa BYV protein was readily isolated from plants systemically infected by hybrid TEV. In contrast, only minute quantities of 22-kDa BYV capsid protein (CP) histidine-tagged at its N or C terminus could be purified. Rapid degradation of the recombinant CP has been implicated in its failure to accumulate in infected plants. Fusion with TEV HC-Pro stabilized the histidine;tagged BYV CP and facilitated purification of the fusion product from infected plants. This same fusion approach was successfully used with the 24-kDa minor BYV CP. The recombinant proteins were recognized by histidine-tag-specific monoclonal antibody in immunoblot analysis. These results demonstrate the utility of a designed series of TEV vectors for expression, detection, and purification of the recombinant proteins and suggest that intrinsic protein stability is a major factor in a recovery of recombinant proteins from plants. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Ctr Gene Res & Biotechnol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dolja, VV (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM doljav@bcc.orst.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R1GM53190B] NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD DEC 5 PY 1998 VL 252 IS 1 BP 269 EP 274 DI 10.1006/viro.1998.9458 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 148ZH UT WOS:000077564700026 PM 9875335 ER PT J AU Beier, RC Stanker, LH AF Beier, RC Stanker, LH TI 4,4 '-dinitrocarbanilide-hapten development utilizing molecular models SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Immunochemistry Summit Meeting CY SEP 08-09, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA DE coccidiosis; 4,4 '-dinitrocarbanilide; DNC; hapten; nicarbazin; p-nitro-cis-1; 2-cyclohexanedicarboxanilic acid ID CROSS-REACTIVE COMPOUNDS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CHICKEN TISSUES; NICARBAZIN; SARAFLOXACIN AB Molecular modeling studies show differences in structural configuration and electrostatic potential isosurfaces that may explain why antibodies produced to a hydrazone derivative of 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) did not compete for DNC. Based on molecular models, haptens are suggested that appear to be adequate DNC-mimics for an immunogen and plate-coating antigen. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Beier, RC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD DEC 4 PY 1998 VL 376 IS 1 BP 139 EP 143 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00449-8 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 149DE UT WOS:000077589200020 ER PT J AU Shain, DH Zuber, MX Norris, J Yoo, J Neuman, T AF Shain, DH Zuber, MX Norris, J Yoo, J Neuman, T TI Selective conservation of an E-protein gene promoter during vertebrate evolution SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE E-protein; promoter; vertebrate evolution; gene expression; mouse; DNA bending ID DNA-BINDING; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; E2A; EXPRESSION; DAUGHTERLESS; NEUROGENESIS; DIMERIZATION; MOTIF; MYC; ME1 AB The murine E-protein gene ME1 encodes a nontissue-specific, helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is associated with morphological development. ME1 gene expression is regulated by a TATA-less promoter that contains multiple Spl consensus elements, E-boxes, and a novel transcription initiation site. In this study, we compared DNA homologous to the ME1 promoter from vertebrate species ranging from frog to human. A region of striking sequence similarity was identified in a region corresponding to the ME1 transcription initiation site (ME1 Inr), Within this region, a poly d(A) tract and a 9-bp inverted repeat (5'-GTCCGCCTG) were highly conserved in all species that were examined. Protein complexes that recognized these DNA elements sere present among distant vertebrates (frog, chick, monkey and human), and were able to bend the ME1 Inr to a similar extent (similar to 60 degrees) as the previously described murine MBP alpha and MBP beta proteins. Collectively, these results suggest that an ME1 Inr-like element and its associated proteins functioned in an ancestral vertebrate more than 350 million years ago, (C) 1998 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Anat & Neurobiol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Shain, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol 385 LSA, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS33804] NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD DEC 4 PY 1998 VL 440 IS 3 BP 332 EP 336 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)01417-3 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 149FZ UT WOS:000077595600017 PM 9872397 ER PT J AU Sharratt, BS Benoit, GR Voorhees, WB AF Sharratt, BS Benoit, GR Voorhees, WB TI Winter soil microclimate altered by corn residue management in the northern Corn Belt of the USA SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil temperature; soil water; soil frost; soil thaw ID AGGREGATE STABILITY; WATER; FROST AB Management of crop residue is important for promoting soil water recharge and early spring thaw in the northern Corn Belt of the USA. This study assessed the impact of residue management in no tillage, continuous corn (Zea mays L.) production systems on the soil thermal and water regime during winter in west central Minnesota. Residue treatments were initiated in the fall over three years and included the removal of stubble and loose residue (RR) from the soil surface, all residue lying prostrate (PR) on the soil surface, and stubble standing and loose residue lying (SR) on the soil surface. Soil (to 0.3 m depth) temperatures were recorded hourly whereas soil water content, frost depth, and snow cover were measured weekly. The SR treatment effectively trapped more snow, which resulted in warmer soil (2 degrees C or less), shallower frost penetration las much as 0.5 m), and earlier soil thaw (up to 20 d) as compared with the RR or PR treatments. Winter soil temperatures and depth and duration of soil freezing were the same for the RR and PR treatments. Soil water content was the same for all treatments prior to fall freezing, but was less for the PR treatment than for the SR or RR treatment during winter due to less snowmelt infiltration for the PR treatment. Corn production utilizing no tillage in the northern USA necessitates the retention of stubble on the soil surface for promoting warmer soil during the winter as well as earlier spring thaw as compared with removing or chopping stubble. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Sharratt, BS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD DEC 2 PY 1998 VL 49 IS 3 BP 243 EP 248 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(98)00181-0 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 150PK UT WOS:000077673600008 ER PT J AU Lipman, RD Smith, DE Blumberg, JB Bronson, RT AF Lipman, RD Smith, DE Blumberg, JB Bronson, RT TI Effects of caloric restriction or augmentation in adult rats: Longevity and lesion biomarkers of aging SO AGING-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE biomarkers of aging; calorie augmentation; calorie restriction; longevity ID DIETARY RESTRICTION; LIFE-SPAN; FISCHER-344 RATS; BROWN-NORWAY; BODY-WEIGHT; MIDDLE-AGE; MICE; SURVIVAL; DURATION; PATTERNS AB Caloric restriction(CR) initiated in young rodents has been thoroughly documented to enhance longevity, but its efficacy when introduced at older ages has not been well investigated. Cohorts of 18- and 26-month-old male F344 x BN F1 hybrid rats were fed either: 1) NIH-31 meal (C); 2) vitamin and mineral fortified NIH-31 meal (R); or 3) vitamin and mineral fortified NIH-31 meal supplemented with corn oil and sweetened condensed milk (S). The C control rats were fed ad libitum, R rats were restricted to 32% of the caloric intake of the controls, and S rats were allowed to consume not more than 8% more calories than C rats. After 6 weeks, the average weights were significantly different between all diet and age groups. Although calorie manipulation altered body weight, no significant effect of the dietary intervention on longevity was found. The average lesion burden, including tumor burden and prevalence of nearly all commonly occurring lesions, were comparable between the groups. Thus, the manipulation of weight at ages beyond middle age has a much less profound impact than similar interventions during growth and maturation in rats. (C) 1998, Editrice Kurtis. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lipman, RD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG07747] NR 40 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITRICE KURTIS S R L PI MILAN PA VIA LUIGI ZOJA 30, 20153 MILAN, ITALY SN 0394-9532 J9 AGING-CLIN EXP RES JI Aging-Clin. Exp. Res. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 10 IS 6 BP 463 EP 470 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 164FU UT WOS:000078453200006 PM 10078316 ER PT J AU Eischen, FA Baxter, JR Elzen, PJ Westervelt, D Wilson, WT AF Eischen, FA Baxter, JR Elzen, PJ Westervelt, D Wilson, WT TI Is the small hive beetle a serious pest of US honey bees? SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Truth be told, your senior author had a bad, I mean, um, er, an unscientific attitude towards this beetle. To be blunt, I didn't believe the severity of reports coining out of Florida. C1 ARS, Honey Bee Grp, USDA, SARC, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Eischen, FA (reprint author), ARS, Honey Bee Grp, USDA, SARC, 2413 E Hwy, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 138 IS 12 BP 882 EP 883 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 147VH UT WOS:000077517700006 ER PT J AU Smith, PA Gardner, DR Drown, DB Jederberg, WW Still, K AF Smith, PA Gardner, DR Drown, DB Jederberg, WW Still, K TI Oxidized resin acids in aerosol derived from rosin core solder SO AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aerosol; colophony; dehydroabietic acid; oxidation; resin; soldering ID CONTACT ALLERGY; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; COLOPHONY ROSIN; PRODUCTS; FLUX AB Exposure to rosin during a variety of uses has been associated with dermal and pulmonary sensitization. Oxidized resin acids are present in many rosin products, and have been regarded as the main sensitizing rosin compounds in cases of dermal sensitization. This research describes oxidized resin acids identified in aerosol produced during soldering with rosin Gore solder. Oxidized resin acids found were 7-oxodehydroabietic acid, 15-hydroxydehydroabietic acid, and 7-hydroxydehydroabietic acid. The presence of oxidized compounds known to be dermal sensitizers in aerosol from rosin flux soldering supports the hypothesis that resin acid compounds are pulmonary sensitizers as previously proposed. changes in the composition of resin acid aerosol derived from heated rosin core solder (compared with the parent material) are described. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Environm Toxicol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USN, Med Res Inst, Detachment Toxicol, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. RP Smith, PA (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RI Smith, Philip/A-6835-2009 OI Smith, Philip/0000-0003-3787-9111 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 0002-8894 J9 AM IND HYG ASSOC J JI Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 59 IS 12 BP 889 EP 894 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(1998)059<0889:ORAIAD>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 148KL UT WOS:000077504100008 PM 9866169 ER PT J AU Coyle, W Gehlhar, M Hertel, TW Wang, Z Yu, WS AF Coyle, W Gehlhar, M Hertel, TW Wang, Z Yu, WS TI Understanding the determinants of structural change in world food markets SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Agricultural-Economics-Association CY AUG 02-05, 1998 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Amer Agr Econ Assoc C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Purdue Univ, Ctr Global Trade Anal, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agr Econ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Coyle, W (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RI Yu, Wusheng/E-4626-2015 OI Yu, Wusheng/0000-0002-2311-3759 NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1051 EP 1061 DI 10.2307/1244203 PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300025 ER PT J AU Gopinath, M Pick, D Vasavada, U AF Gopinath, M Pick, D Vasavada, U TI Exchange rate effects on the relationship between FDI and trade in the US food processing industry SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Agricultural-Economics-Association CY AUG 02-05, 1998 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Amer Agr Econ Assoc ID INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; RATE RISK; AGRICULTURE; INVESTMENT; VOLUME C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Econ Res Serv, USDA, Markets & Trade Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Gopinath, M (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1073 EP 1079 DI 10.2307/1244207 PG 7 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300029 ER PT J AU Krissoff, B AF Krissoff, B TI Emergence of US organic agriculture - Can we compete? Discussion SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Krissoff, B (reprint author), US Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1130 EP 1133 DI 10.2307/1244217 PG 4 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300039 ER PT J AU Schluter, G Lee, C LeBlanc, M AF Schluter, G Lee, C LeBlanc, M TI The weakening relationships between farm and food prices SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Agricultural-Economics-Association CY AUG 02-05, 1998 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Amer Agr Econ Assoc ID SECTOR C1 US Econ Res Serv, USDA, Food Markets Branch, Washington, DC 20250 USA. US Econ Res Serv, USDA, Food & Rural Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Schluter, G (reprint author), US Econ Res Serv, USDA, Food Markets Branch, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1134 EP 1138 DI 10.2307/1244218 PG 5 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300040 ER PT J AU Reed, AJ Clark, JS AF Reed, AJ Clark, JS TI The transmission of trends in retail food and farm prices SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Agricultural-Economics-Association CY AUG 02-05, 1998 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Amer Agr Econ Assoc ID TECHNICAL CHANGE; INDUSTRY; DEMAND C1 US Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Nova Scotia Agr Coll, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada. RP Reed, AJ (reprint author), US Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1139 EP 1143 DI 10.2307/1244219 PG 5 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300041 ER PT J AU Crane, LM Dismukes, R Jolly, D Essel, A Paige, R Witt, C AF Crane, LM Dismukes, R Jolly, D Essel, A Paige, R Witt, C TI Outreach challenge: Effectively reaching limited-resource farmers. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Crop Insurance Serv Inc, Overland Pk, KS 66213 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Virginia State Univ, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1156 EP 1156 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300045 ER PT J AU Doss, C Mehra, R Sussman, J Hamm, S McLean-Meyinsse, P McCracken, V AF Doss, C Mehra, R Sussman, J Hamm, S McLean-Meyinsse, P McCracken, V TI Women you should know: Career paths and accomplishments. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Williams Coll, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. Int Ctr Res Women, Washington, DC 20036 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Southern Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1157 EP 1157 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300056 ER PT J AU Hoffman, L Harwood, J Riley, P Ash, M Ebbertt, J Kalaitzandonakes, N AF Hoffman, L Harwood, J Riley, P Ash, M Ebbertt, J Kalaitzandonakes, N TI Value-enhanced crops: Issues in value creation, marketing, and industry structure. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1157 EP 1157 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300051 ER PT J AU Drabenstott, M Duncan, M Flora, C AF Drabenstott, M Duncan, M Flora, C TI Social or business capital? Finding a better path to rural economic development. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Fed Reserve Bank, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1158 EP 1158 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300058 ER PT J AU Langley, S Gajewski, G Walker, J Barichello, R Rozelle, S Thompson, B AF Langley, S Gajewski, G Walker, J Barichello, R Rozelle, S Thompson, B TI The Asian financial crisis and changing positions of competitiveness in agricultural markets. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1158 EP 1158 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300061 ER PT J AU Makki, S Harwood, J Goodwin, B Satyanarayana, V Smith, V Arnade, C AF Makki, S Harwood, J Goodwin, B Satyanarayana, V Smith, V Arnade, C TI Price risk in the post-commodity program and post-Uruguay round of the GATT environment. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, RMA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1158 EP 1158 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300059 ER PT J AU Bolling, HC Handy, C Reed, M AF Bolling, HC Handy, C Reed, M TI The Asia connection: FDI and trade in processed foods. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1159 EP 1159 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300066 ER PT J AU Heimlich, R Sonka, S Khanna, M Lowenberg-DeBoer, J AF Heimlich, R Sonka, S Khanna, M Lowenberg-DeBoer, J TI Precision agriculture in the twenty-first century: Report of the National Research Council committee. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1159 EP 1159 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300065 ER PT J AU Knutson, R Anderson, D Womack, A Glauber, J AF Knutson, R Anderson, D Womack, A Glauber, J TI The changing policy environment and its impact on agriculture sector stability. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1159 EP 1159 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300064 ER PT J AU Basala, AC Rodriguez, R Krupnick, A AF Basala, AC Rodriguez, R Krupnick, A TI Agricultural and resource economics research: Improving future regulatory analyses for tropospheric ozone and particulate matter. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1160 EP 1160 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300069 ER PT J AU Glauber, J Jagger, C Coble, K Smith, D Hart, C Miranda, M AF Glauber, J Jagger, C Coble, K Smith, D Hart, C Miranda, M TI Federal Crop Insurance modeling: New challenges and needs. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Congress Budget Off, Washington, DC 20515 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Food & Agr Policy Res Inst, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1160 EP 1160 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300070 ER PT J AU Kelch, D Simone, M Hoban, T Greifer, J AF Kelch, D Simone, M Hoban, T Greifer, J TI Trade implications of the differential treatment of genetically modified organisms by EU and US policy makers, producers, and consumers. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, MTED, Washington, DC 20250 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1160 EP 1160 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300071 ER PT J AU McDowell, D Allen-Smith, J Thompson, A McDowell, DR Edmondson, B McWilliam, C Doering, O AF McDowell, D Allen-Smith, J Thompson, A McDowell, DR Edmondson, B McWilliam, C Doering, O TI Building collaboration across agricultural institutions: Adjusting to a changing environment. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Carolina A&T State Univ, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. US ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Elanco Anim Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1161 EP 1161 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300078 ER PT J AU Singh, SP Jensen, H Kilkenny, M Goetz, S Hamm, S Tegegne, F AF Singh, SP Jensen, H Kilkenny, M Goetz, S Hamm, S Tegegne, F TI Approaches for evaluating the impacts of welfare reform. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tennessee State Univ, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. US ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1161 EP 1161 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300075 ER PT J AU Stam, JM Geyer, L Dixon, B Collender, R Beyerhelm, C Rinker, B AF Stam, JM Geyer, L Dixon, B Collender, R Beyerhelm, C Rinker, B TI Chapter 12 farmer bankruptcy: Recent developments and future policy options. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA, FSA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1161 EP 1161 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300076 ER PT J AU Ahearn, M Bergstrom, J Boyle, K Barnard, C Libby, L AF Ahearn, M Bergstrom, J Boyle, K Barnard, C Libby, L TI Public preferences of an urbanized society for landscape amenities: Toward a research agenda. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ERS, USDA, RED, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1163 EP 1164 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300090 ER PT J AU Caswell, J Hooker, NH Buzby, J Henson, S AF Caswell, J Hooker, NH Buzby, J Henson, S TI Private incentives for food safety assurance. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Reading, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1163 EP 1163 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300087 ER PT J AU Daberkow, S Osteen, C McWilliams, B Lynch, L Van Sickle, J Sussman, F Wagner, M AF Daberkow, S Osteen, C McWilliams, B Lynch, L Van Sickle, J Sussman, F Wagner, M TI Domestic and international economic implications of reducing methyl bromide use. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. ICF Kaiser, Ruston, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1163 EP 1163 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300088 ER PT J AU Liefert, W Cochrane, N Florkowski, W Swinnen, J AF Liefert, W Cochrane, N Florkowski, W Swinnen, J TI Agricultural reform in transition economies: Lessons to be learned. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1163 EP 1163 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300085 ER PT J AU Duncan, M Stenberg, P AF Duncan, M Stenberg, P TI Telecommunications and electric utility deregulation: What are the effects on rural America? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1164 EP 1164 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300096 ER PT J AU Smith, P Leistritz, L Sheets, K Buland, D Hemmer, R Swartz, F O'Neill, J AF Smith, P Leistritz, L Sheets, K Buland, D Hemmer, R Swartz, F O'Neill, J TI Conservation program/project analysis and input-output modeling. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, NRCS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1164 EP 1164 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300095 ER PT J AU Brown, A Thornton, S Baharanyi, N Beaulieu, B AF Brown, A Thornton, S Baharanyi, N Beaulieu, B TI Access to government programs: Roles of agricultural economists. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Off Outreach, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Southern Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. Tuskegee Univ, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1165 EP 1166 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300103 ER PT J AU Landes, MR Abler, D Mohanty, S Rosegrant, M AF Landes, MR Abler, D Mohanty, S Rosegrant, M TI That other big Asian country: Prospects for India's agriculture and trade. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ERS, USDA, MTED, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1165 EP 1165 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300098 ER PT J AU Nayga, R Kaufman, P Andrews, M AF Nayga, R Kaufman, P Andrews, M TI Food access in the inner cities and low-income rural areas. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. US ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, Food & Consumer Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1165 EP 1165 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300102 ER PT J AU Perry, J Jolly, D Hoppe, B Koenig, S AF Perry, J Jolly, D Hoppe, B Koenig, S TI Small farms and the structure of US farming. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1165 EP 1165 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300101 ER PT J AU Roberts, T Golan, E Williams, R Messonnier, M Ready, R AF Roberts, T Golan, E Williams, R Messonnier, M Ready, R TI The adequacy of cost of illness for valuing health risk reductions: Applications to microbial food safety. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Agr Univ Norway, N-1432 As Nlh, Norway. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1165 EP 1165 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300100 ER PT J AU Monke, J Durst, R Patrick, G Hardin, M AF Monke, J Durst, R Patrick, G Hardin, M TI Tax reform and agriculture: Past, present and future. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1166 EP 1166 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300108 ER PT J AU Smith, P Chuang, L King, D Stierna, J Doering, O Knight, L AF Smith, P Chuang, L King, D Stierna, J Doering, O Knight, L TI Maximizing environmental benefits under the 1996 farm bill. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, NRCS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1166 EP 1166 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300106 ER PT J AU Chuang, L Lawrence, D Atwood, J Kinvig, K Wood, J Lee, J AF Chuang, L Lawrence, D Atwood, J Kinvig, K Wood, J Lee, J TI Water quality policy: What does it mean for agriculture? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, NRCS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1167 EP 1167 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300111 ER PT J AU Gallo, A MacDonald, J Kauffman, P Kinsey, J Connor, J Husson, M Culbertson, J AF Gallo, A MacDonald, J Kauffman, P Kinsey, J Connor, J Husson, M Culbertson, J TI Will there be sufficient competition in retail food markets in the twenty-first century? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1168 EP 1168 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300117 ER PT J AU Lin, W Cline, S Stanford, S Skinner, B Holt, M Chambers, B AF Lin, W Cline, S Stanford, S Skinner, B Holt, M Chambers, B TI Analyzing supply response under the 1996 farm act. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1168 EP 1168 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300119 ER PT J AU Makki, SS Miranda, MJ AF Makki, SS Miranda, MJ TI Self-insurance and the utility of standard risk management contracts. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1169 EP 1169 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300126 ER PT J AU Buzby, J Roberts, T Roberts, JA Upton, PA AF Buzby, J Roberts, T Roberts, JA Upton, PA TI A comparison of human illness cost estimates for E-coli O157 : H7 disease in the United States and Scotland. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England. Lothian Hlth, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1170 EP 1170 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300134 ER PT J AU Frazao, E AF Frazao, E TI The economic burden of unhealthy diets. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1170 EP 1170 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300133 ER PT J AU Huang, K AF Huang, K TI How economic factors influence the nutrient content of diets. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1170 EP 1170 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300135 ER PT J AU Lee, C Schluter, G AF Lee, C Schluter, G TI Trade, technology and labor productivity effects on the demand for skilled and unskilled workers: Implications for rural areas. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1172 EP 1172 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300150 ER PT J AU Rhoades, D Renkow, M AF Rhoades, D Renkow, M TI Explaining rural-urban earnings differentials in the US SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1172 EP 1172 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300147 ER PT J AU Levedahl, JW AF Levedahl, JW TI The effect of an Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) system on food expenditure of food stamp recipients: Evidence from the Maryland statewide implementation. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1173 EP 1173 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300159 ER PT J AU Somwaru, A Makki, SS Coble, K AF Somwaru, A Makki, SS Coble, K TI Adverse selection in the market for crop insurance. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1176 EP 1176 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300183 ER PT J AU Wiebe, K AF Wiebe, K TI Sustainable resource use and global food security. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1178 EP 1178 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300202 ER PT J AU Huffman, WE El-Osta, H AF Huffman, WE El-Osta, H TI Off-farm work participation, off-farm labor supply, and on-farm labor demand of US farm operators. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ERS, USDA, RED, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1180 EP 1180 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300218 ER PT J AU Hansen, L AF Hansen, L TI The welfare implications of the secondary impacts of pollution taxes. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1181 EP 1181 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300233 ER PT J AU Horan, RD Shortle, J Abler, D AF Horan, RD Shortle, J Abler, D TI The design of ambient taxes under heterogeneous expectations and risk-aversion. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, RED, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1181 EP 1181 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300230 ER PT J AU Daberkow, SG McBride, WD AF Daberkow, SG McBride, WD TI Nutrient management decisions by US corn producers: Results from the 1996 agricultural resources management study. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1182 EP 1182 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300235 ER PT J AU Diao, XS Somwaru, A Raney, T AF Diao, XS Somwaru, A Raney, T TI How western hemisphere integration affects the US economy in an intertemporal global model. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1185 EP 1185 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300262 ER PT J AU Lee, F Rhoades, D AF Lee, F Rhoades, D TI Accounting for new brand introductions in food price indexes. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1186 EP 1186 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300269 ER PT J AU Liapis, PS AF Liapis, PS TI Government policies and their effects on resource use in the US grain and oilseed sectors. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1189 EP 1189 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300295 ER PT J AU Monke, J AF Monke, J TI Retirement planning by farmers: Opportunities in the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1190 EP 1191 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300312 ER PT J AU Arnade, C Gopinath, M AF Arnade, C Gopinath, M TI Financial constraints and output targets in Russian agricultural production. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, MTED, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1191 EP 1191 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300318 ER PT J AU Ribaudo, MO Heimlich, R Peters, M AF Ribaudo, MO Heimlich, R Peters, M TI Nitrogen sources and gulf hypoxia: Potential for point-nonpoint trading. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1193 EP 1193 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300332 ER PT J AU Shortle, JS Abler, DG Horan, RD Ribaudo, MO AF Shortle, JS Abler, DG Horan, RD Ribaudo, MO TI Point/nonpoint and nonpoint/nonpoint trading rules. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RED, ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1193 EP 1193 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300331 ER PT J AU Skully, D AF Skully, D TI Opposition to contract production: Self-selection, status, and stranded assets. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1196 EP 1196 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300358 ER PT J AU Aillery, M Shoemaker, R Caswell, M AF Aillery, M Shoemaker, R Caswell, M TI Agriculture and ecosystem restoration in south Florida: Assessing trade-offs from water-retention development in the everglades agricultural area (EAA). SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1198 EP 1198 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300377 ER PT J AU Fernandez-Cornejo, J Jans, S AF Fernandez-Cornejo, J Jans, S TI A new measure of integrated pest management-weed IPM by corn producers. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1199 EP 1199 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300388 ER PT J AU Ferraioli, J Fernandez-Cornejo, J AF Ferraioli, J Fernandez-Cornejo, J TI The environmental effects of adopting IPM: The case of peach producers. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1199 EP 1199 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300389 ER PT J AU Peterson, RN Mishra, A AF Peterson, RN Mishra, A TI Determinants of real growth in farm size, 1930-92. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1200 EP 1200 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300392 ER PT J AU Ralston, K Starke, Y Adu-Nyako, K Lin, CTJ AF Ralston, K Starke, Y Adu-Nyako, K Lin, CTJ TI Determinants of unsafe hamburger cooking behavior. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ERS, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. N Carolina A&T & SU, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1201 EP 1201 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300404 ER PT J AU Andrews, M Feather, P AF Andrews, M Feather, P TI Food store access: What do food stamp participants stand to lose? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, FNS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1202 EP 1202 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300408 ER PT J AU Gundersen, C Oliveira, V AF Gundersen, C Oliveira, V TI Self-selection bias, the food stamp program, and food insufficiency. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1202 EP 1202 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300409 ER PT J AU Ollinger, M AF Ollinger, M TI Production costs and FSIS sanitation and process control deficiencies. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1202 EP 1203 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300417 ER PT J AU Tsigas, M Stevens, J AF Tsigas, M Stevens, J TI Trade implications of timber certification and ecolabeling in the European Union. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1203 EP 1203 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300421 ER PT J AU Whittaker, G Srinivasan, R Fare, R Scott, DW AF Whittaker, G Srinivasan, R Fare, R Scott, DW TI Profitability under alternative nonpoint emission control policies. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. So Illinois Univ, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RI Fare, Rolf/H-5932-2013; Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1204 EP 1205 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300435 ER PT J AU Coyle, WT Wang, Z AF Coyle, WT Wang, Z TI Open regionalism in APEC: Impacts on US agriculture and trade. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1205 EP 1206 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300444 ER PT J AU Day, J Sandretto, C McBride, WD Breneman, VE AF Day, J Sandretto, C McBride, WD Breneman, VE TI Conservation tillage in US corn production: An economic appraisal. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1205 EP 1205 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300440 ER PT J AU Westenbarger, DA AF Westenbarger, DA TI Decomposition of farmland values in Florida: An application to ecosystem restoration in the everglades. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1205 EP 1205 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300438 ER PT J AU Gale, F McGranahan, D AF Gale, F McGranahan, D TI Competitiveness of the rural manufacturing sector. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1207 EP 1207 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300450 ER PT J AU Hsu, HH AF Hsu, HH TI China's grain trade instability. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1207 EP 1207 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300455 ER PT J AU Price, CC Harris, JM AF Price, CC Harris, JM TI Potential food loss recovery from farmers' markets: An application of geographical information system analysis. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1207 EP 1207 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300456 ER PT J AU Dodson, C AF Dodson, C TI Does FCS association size affect the availability of credit? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1208 EP 1208 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300467 ER PT J AU Brooks, NL AF Brooks, NL TI Long-run economic costs of field crop production. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1209 EP 1209 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300471 ER PT J AU Francis, WG Crudup, BH AF Francis, WG Crudup, BH TI Federal milk market order reform: Using maps for policy analysis. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1209 EP 1209 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300478 ER PT J AU Frenzen, PD Buzby, JC Crutchfield, S AF Frenzen, PD Buzby, JC Crutchfield, S TI FoodNet data will improve estimates of economic costs of foodborne illness. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1210 EP 1210 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300482 ER PT J AU Plato, G AF Plato, G TI Valuing the option to commit to soybean processing resources. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1210 EP 1211 PG 2 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300489 ER PT J AU Roberts, T Kuzma, J AF Roberts, T Kuzma, J TI The contribution of risk assessment to economic analysis: E-Coli O157 : H7 hamburger and fault tree analysis. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1210 EP 1210 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300483 ER PT J AU Lin, W AF Lin, W TI Estimating supply response under the 1996 Farm Act: The case of wheat in the Northern Plains region. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI AMES PA 415 SOUTH DUFF AVE, STE C, AMES, IA 50010-6600 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1211 EP 1211 PG 1 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 163CZ UT WOS:000078386300499 ER PT J AU Van Loan, MD AF Van Loan, MD TI Is dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ready for prime time in the clinical evaluation of body composition? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. RP Van Loan, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 29997, San Francisco, CA 94129 USA. EM MVANLOAN@WHNR.USDA.GOV NR 12 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1155 EP 1156 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 144FW UT WOS:000077304200004 PM 9846841 ER PT J AU Paetau, I Khachik, F Brown, ED Beecher, GR Kramer, TR Chittams, J Clevidence, BA AF Paetau, I Khachik, F Brown, ED Beecher, GR Kramer, TR Chittams, J Clevidence, BA TI Chronic ingestion of lycopene-rich tomato juice or lycopene supplements significantly increases plasma concentrations of lycopene and related tomato carotenoids in humans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE lycopene; carotenoids; tomato juice; oleoresin; beadlets; lycopene metabolites; supplements; bioavailability; plasma response; lipoproteins; adults; humans ID BETA-CAROTENE; SERUM CAROTENOIDS; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; CONTROLLED DIETS; CANCER; VEGETABLES; IDENTIFICATION; SEPARATION; PRODUCTS; FRUITS AB The bioavailability of lycopene from tomato juice and 2 dietary supplements, each containing 70-75 mg lycopene, was studied in 15 healthy volunteers in a randomized, crossover design. Subjects ingested lycopene-rich tomato juice, tomato oleoresin, lycopene beadlets, and a placebo for 4 wk each while consuming self-selected diets. Treatment periods were separated by 6-wk washout periods. Plasma lycopene concentrations, assessed at baseline and weekly throughout the treatment periods, were significantly higher during tomato juice, oleoresin, and lycopene beadlet ingestion than during placebo ingestion. Mean (+/-SEM) increases in plasma lycopene at week 4 of tomato juice, oleoresin, and lycopene beadlet ingestion were not significantly different: 0.24 +0.07, 0.23 +/- 0.05, and 0.24 +/- 0.06 mu mol/L, respectively. Plasma concentrations of phytofluene and phytoene, which were present in small amounts in tomato juice, oleoresin, and lycopene beadlets, increased significantly with ingestion of these 3 products. beta-Carotene, zeta-carotene, and 2,6-cyclolycopene-1,5-diol (a metabolite of lycopene)-also present in tomato juice and supplements-were significantly increased with consumption of the tomato juice and lycopene beadlets, but not with oleoresin consumption. A marked increase in plasma concentrations of an unknown compound was observed; it was detected in trace amounts in tomato juice, oleoresin, and lycopene beadlets, and had a maximum absorbance at 448 nm and a molecular weight of 556. Concentrations of plasma lycopene and other carotenoids with potential for enhancing human health can be increased by ingestion of realistic amounts of tomato juice. Lycopene appears to be equally bioavailable from tomato juice and the supplements used in this study. C1 USDA, ARS, BHNRC, PL,Carotenoids Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20064 USA. Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Clevidence, BA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, BHNRC, PL,Carotenoids Res Unit, Bldg 308 E,Room 114A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM clevidence@bhnrc.arsusda.gov RI Khachik, Frederick/C-5055-2009 NR 38 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 68 IS 6 BP 1187 EP 1195 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 144FW UT WOS:000077304200008 PM 9846845 ER PT J AU Wong, WW Smith, EO Stuff, JE Hachey, DL Heird, WC Pownell, HJ AF Wong, WW Smith, EO Stuff, JE Hachey, DL Heird, WC Pownell, HJ TI Cholesterol-lowering effect of soy protein in normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic men SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on the Role of Soy in Preventing and Treating Chronic Disease CY SEP 15-19, 1996 CL BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SP Alpo Nat Soyfoods, Amer Inst Canc Res, Amer Soybean Assoc, Archer Daniels Midland Co, Cent Soya Co, Foreign Agr Serv, Illinois Soybean Assoc & Illinois Soybean Program Operating Board, Indiana Soybean Dev Council, Infant Formula Council, Iowa Soybean Promot Board, Michigan Soybean Promot Comm, Minnesota Soybean Res & Promot Council, Monsanto Co, Morinaga Nutr Foods Inc, Nebraska Soybean Board, Ohio Soybean Council, Ontario Soybean Growers Mkt Board, Protein Technol Int, Sanitarium Hlth Foods, Sojaxa, Soyfoods Assoc Amer, United Soybean Board, Wyeth Nutr Int DE soy protein; normocholesterolemic men; hypercholesterolemic men; high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol; low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL; LDL; cardiovascular disease; National Cholesterol Education Program ID SUBSTITUTING SOYBEAN PROTEIN; HEALTHY-YOUNG-WOMEN; PLASMA-LIPIDS; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; ANIMAL PROTEIN; DAIRY PROTEIN; FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; II HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA; NORMOLIPIDEMIC SUBJECTS; DIETARY-PROTEIN AB Cardiovascular heart disease is a major health problem in the United States. Elevated blood cholesterol has been shown to significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular heart disease. The National Cholesterol Educational Program (NCEP) Step I diet, which restricts fat and cholesterol intakes, is usually recommended as the initial treatment to lower blood cholesterol. Soy protein has been shown to be hypocholesterolemic, particularly in hypercholesterolemic subjects. However, the hypocholesterolemic effect of soy protein in subjects with a blood total cholesterol concentration <5.17 mmol/L is not clear. To determine whether soy protein could enhance the hypocholesterolemic effect of the NCEP Step I diet, 13 normocholesterolemic and 13 hypercholesterolemic men aged 20-50 y were enrolled in a randomized, 2-part, crossover study. Subjects were fed either an NCEP Step I soy-protein diet or an NCEP Step I animal protein diet for 5 wk. After a washout period of 10-15 wk, the subjects were fed the alternate diet for 5 wk. The hypocholesterolemic effect of soy protein was found to be independent of age, body weight, pretreatment plasma lipid concentrations, and sequence of dietary treatment. Regardless of plasma lipid status, the soy-protein diet was associated with a statistically significant decrease in the plasma concentrations of LDL cholesterol (P = 0.029) as well as the in the ratio of plasma LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol (P = 0.005). Our results indicate that soy protein enhances the hypocholesterolemic effect of the NCEP Step I diet in both normocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic men. C1 ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Wong, WW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM wwong@bcm.tmc.edu NR 46 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 68 IS 6 SU S BP 1385S EP 1389S PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 145VM UT WOS:000077392300011 PM 9848504 ER PT J AU Mazur, M Duke, JA Wahala, K Rasku, S Adlercreutz, H AF Mazur, M Duke, JA Wahala, K Rasku, S Adlercreutz, H TI Phytoestrogens in legumes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Helsinki, Dept Clin Chem, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Dept Lab, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland. USDA, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Chem, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 68 IS 6 SU S BP 1537S EP 1537S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 145VM UT WOS:000077392300092 ER PT J AU Sacco, RE Haynes, JS Harp, JA Waters, WR Wannemuehler, MJ AF Sacco, RE Haynes, JS Harp, JA Waters, WR Wannemuehler, MJ TI Cryptosporidium parvum initiates inflammatory bowel disease in germfree T cell receptor-alpha-deficient mice SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; INVOLVEMENT; IMMUNITY; GAMMA; AIDS AB Flora-bearing mice with targeted disruption of T cell receptor (TCR)-alpha or -beta genes spontaneously develop intestinal inflammation with features similar to ulcerative colitis in humans. TCR-alpha-deficient mice maintained germfree or colonized with a limited number of intestinal bacteria failed to develop inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-like lesions. Evidently, inflammation in these mice does not develop spontaneously or result from a generalized antigenic stimulation, but rather requires induction by a heretofore unidentified specific stimulus. We describe the development of IBD-like lesions in germfree TCR-alpha-deficient mice monoassociated with the protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum. Lesions were seen in distal ileum, cecum, and colon and were most severe in the cecum, A prominent leukocytic infiltrate within the lamina propria was a common characteristic of the lesions observed in the C, parvum-infected germfree TCR-alpha-deficient mice, The leukocytic infiltrate was composed of aggregates of B220(+) cells, the majority of which expressed surface IgD (ie, conventional B lymphocytes), It has been proposed that antigenic stimulation by a microorganism(s) is needed to initiate intestinal inflammation in TCR-alpha-deficient mice. Our results indicate that a single microbial species, C. parvum, is capable of triggering the development of IBD-like lesions in germfree TCR-alpha-deficient mice. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Vet Med Res Inst, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Sacco, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70,2300 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM rsacco@nadc.ars.usda.gov FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-52552] NR 20 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 153 IS 6 BP 1717 EP 1722 DI 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65686-6 PG 6 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 143VP UT WOS:000077278000008 PM 9846962 ER PT J AU Guidry, A Fattom, A Patel, A O'Brien, C Shepherd, S Lohuis, J AF Guidry, A Fattom, A Patel, A O'Brien, C Shepherd, S Lohuis, J TI Serotyping scheme for Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cows with mastitis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDES; BOVINE-MILK; TYPE-8; PHAGOCYTOSIS; ANTIBODIES; VACCINES; ENCAPSULATION; OPSONIZATION; VIRULENCE AB Objective-To identify the Staphylococcus aureus capsular serotypes that are not typable, using capsular serotypes 5 and 8, which are currently used to type S aureus isolated from cows with mastitis. Sample Population-Milk samples (n = 273) from cows with mastitis in 178 dairy herds in California, Wisconsin, Michigan, Texas, and New York that were collected by state diagnostic laboratories and S aureus-positive milk samples collected by Veterinary Health Services in the United Kingdom (15), France (22), The Netherlands (36), and Germany (21). Procedure-Capsular serotyping of coded isolates was performed by use of direct cell agglutination and immunoprecipitation of cell extracts with antisera specific for capsular types 5 and 8 and a newly developed S aureus serotyping antiserum 336. Results-in the United States, S aureus capsular types 5 and 8 accounted for 18 and 23% of the isolates, respectively, and type 336 accounted for 59%. Percentage of capsular serotypes in European samples were as follows: type 5 = 34%, type 8 = 34%, type 336 = 30%, and nontypable = 2%. Conclusions-Serotypes 5 and 8 accounted for only 41% of S aureus isolates from US milk samples, but accounted for 70% of isolates from European milk samples. Addition of the newly developed serotyping antiserum 336 to the typing scheme accounted for 100% of US samples and 98% of European samples and will enable development of a more comprehensive S aureus vaccine. C1 ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Nabi Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Intervet Int, Bacteriol R&D Dept, NL-5830 BV Boxmeer, Netherlands. RP Guidry, A (reprint author), ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 59 IS 12 BP 1537 EP 1539 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 162DC UT WOS:000078329300012 PM 9858402 ER PT J AU Mengeling, WL Lager, KM Vorwald, AC AF Mengeling, WL Lager, KM Vorwald, AC TI Clinical consequences of exposing pregnant gilts to strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus isolated from field cases of "atypical" PRRS SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ABORTION; INFECTION; MORTALITY; FETUSES AB Objective-To determine clinical consequences of exposing pregnant gilts to strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV) isolated from field cases of "atypical" or "acute" PRRS in vaccinated herds. Animals-20 pregnant gilts and their pigs and fetuses. Procedure-8 pregnant gifts (principals: 4 groups [2 gilts/group]) were exposed oronasally at or about 45 days of gestation to 1 of 4 strains of PRRSV and necropsied 6 weeks later. Nonexposed controls (2 additional pregnant gilts) were kept under otherwise similar conditions. The experiment was repeated, except that principals were exposed at or approximately 90 days of gestation and allowed to farrow. Clinical observations were made at least twice daily, and samples and specimens from gifts and their fetuses and pigs were tested for PRRSV and homologous antibody. Results-Exposure of pregnant gilts to PRRSV at or approximately 45 days' gestation resulted in low prevalence of transplacental infection and fetal death. Exposure of pregnant gilts to PRRSV at or approximately 90 days' gestation resulted in higher prevalence of transplacental infection and fetal death. Moreover, 1 gilt aborted and many liveborn pigs of other litters were weak and unthrifty. Clinical signs of disease and reproductive failure were especially severe for a field strain of PRRSV isolated from an epizootic that fit the strictest definition of atypical PRRS. Controls remained clinically normal and free of PRRSV. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance-Some strains of PRRSV now circulating in US swine herds are more virulent than those encountered in the past. Clinical PRRS in vaccinated herds suggests need for a new generation of vaccines. C1 ARS, Virol Swine Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Mengeling, WL (reprint author), ARS, Virol Swine Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 17 TC 58 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 59 IS 12 BP 1540 EP 1544 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 162DC UT WOS:000078329300013 PM 9858403 ER PT J AU Elzer, PH Enright, FM Colby, L Hagius, SD Walker, J Fatemi, MB Kopec, JD Beal, VC Schurig, GG AF Elzer, PH Enright, FM Colby, L Hagius, SD Walker, J Fatemi, MB Kopec, JD Beal, VC Schurig, GG TI Protection against infection and abortion induced by virulent challenge exposure after oral vaccination of cattle with Brucella abortus strain RB51 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BISON BISON-BISON; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PREGNANT CATTLE; MUTANT STRAINS; ROUGH MUTANT; MICE; ELK AB Objectives-To determine efficacy of orally administered Brucella abortus vaccine strain RB51 against virulent B abortus challenge exposure in cattle as a model for vaccination of wild ungulates. Animals-20 mixed-breed beef cattle obtained from a brucellosis-free herd. Procedure-Sexually mature, Brucella-negative beef heifers were vaccinated by mixing > 10(10) viable RB51 organisms or, diluent with their feed. Heifers were fed individually and consumed their entire ration. Each heifer received approximately 3 X 10(10) colony-forming units (CFU). Six weeks after oral vaccination, heifers were pasture-bred to brucellosis-free bulls. At approximately 186 days' gestation, heifers were challenge exposed conjunctively with 10(7) CFU of virulent B abortus strain 2308. Results-Vaccination with the rough variant of B abortus RB51 did not stimulate antibodies against the O-polysaccharide (OPS) of B abortus. After challenge exposure and parturition, strain 2308 was recovered from 80% of controls and only 20% of vaccinates. Only 30% of the vaccinates delivered dead, premature, or weak calves, whereas 70% of the controls had dead or weak carves. Conclusions-Cattle vaccinated orally with the rough variant of B abortus strain RB51 develop significant (P < 0.05) protection against abortion and colonization and do not produce OPS-specific antibodies. Clinical Relevance-Results encourage further investigation into use of strain RB51 to vaccinate wild ungulates (elk and bison) orally. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, Cattle Dis & Surveillance Staff, APHIS, VS, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Elzer, PH (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 29 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 59 IS 12 BP 1575 EP 1578 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 162DC UT WOS:000078329300019 PM 9858409 ER PT J AU Lehmkuhl, HD Briggs, RE Cutlip, RC AF Lehmkuhl, HD Briggs, RE Cutlip, RC TI Survey for antibodies to bovine adenoviruses in six- to nine-month-old feedyard cattle SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT DISEASE AB Objective-To determine the prevalence of antibody to bovine adenovirus (BAdV) serotypes 1-8 and 10 in carves at a farm and after 5 weeks in a feedyard. Animals-2- to 5-month-old calves of mixed English breeding (n = 100) from 4 farms. Procedure-Serum BAdV antibody was measured by use of a microtitration test. Results-Serum antibodies were found to the 9 BAdV serotypes studied. Seroconversion to each virus had occurred in some calves by the time the second serum sample had been obtained, indicating that the BAdV were present and inducing active infection in these calves. Conclusions-Antibody to BAdV serotypes 1-8 and 10 are present in cattle populations of the United States, indicating existence of these serotypes, although only BAdV serotypes 1-4, 7, and 10 have been isolated. C1 ARS, Resp & Neurol Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Lehmkuhl, HD (reprint author), ARS, Resp & Neurol Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 59 IS 12 BP 1579 EP 1580 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 162DC UT WOS:000078329300020 PM 9858410 ER PT J AU O'Keeffe, MJ O'Keeffe, M Glennon, JD Lightfield, AR Maxwell, RJ AF O'Keeffe, MJ O'Keeffe, M Glennon, JD Lightfield, AR Maxwell, RJ TI Supercritical fluid, extraction of clenbuterol from bovine liver tissue SO ANALYST LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Hormone and Veterinary Drug Residue Analysis CY JUN 02-05, 1998 CL OUD ST JAN, BELGIUM ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DRUG RESIDUES; URINE; SAMPLES; CALVES; FOOD AB The development of a supercritical fluid extraction procedure for the extraction of clenbuterol from bovine liver tissue is described. The procedure involves a combination of supercritical fluid extraction with enzyme immunoassay for the determination of clenbuterol residues at the low ppb level. Method validation incorporating inter- and intra-assays was carried out on fortified liver tissue and showed good recoveries and low variations (RSD < 15%) for levels of clenbuterol of 0.5, 2 and 5 ppb. The developed procedure was shown to be successful for the determination of clenbuterol in incurred liver tissue. The effects of organic modifiers and of inherent sample moisture on analyte extractability are also presented. C1 TEAGASC, Natl Food Ctr, Dublin 15, Ireland. Univ Coll Cork, Dept Chem, Cork, Ireland. ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19118 USA. RP O'Keeffe, M (reprint author), TEAGASC, Natl Food Ctr, Dublin 15, Ireland. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PD DEC PY 1998 VL 123 IS 12 BP 2711 EP 2714 DI 10.1039/a805042b PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 149LQ UT WOS:000077607100064 PM 10435329 ER PT J AU Bailey, DW Sims, PL AF Bailey, DW Sims, PL TI Comparison of eastern gamagrass grain and cottonseed meal as supplements for sheep fed mature eastern gamagrass hay SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE protein; supplement; Tripsacum dactyloides; digestibility; nitrogen balance ID DIGESTA KINETICS; DIGESTIBILITY; PROTEIN AB Eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.) is a highly palatable warm season grass that has the potential to become a perennial grain crop with a high protein content (29% crude protein). Twelve wether lambs were used to evaluate eastern gamagrass grain and cottonseed meal as protein supplements for mature eastern gamagrass hay in a conventional digestion and nitrogen balance trial. Voluntary intake of organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility, and nitrogen balance were determined for hay alone (CONTROL), hay plus eastern gamagrass grain (GGG), and hay plus cottonseed meal (CSM) treatments. Organic matter intake of supplemented lambs (25.7 g/kg BW) was higher (p<0.001) than lambs fed only hay (20.6 g/kg BW), There was no difference (p=0.22) in OM intake between GGG and CSM supplement treatments. Total tract digestibility of OM differed (p<0.001) among the GGG (61.8%), CSM (58.6%), and CONTROL (54.9%) treatments. However, differences in digestibility may be the result of addition of highly digestible protein and carbohydrate supplements, rather than an increase in digestibility of the hay. Digestibility of NDF was greater (p=0.01) for supplemented lambs (58.4%) than unsupplemented lambs (57.4%) and differed (p=0.04) between the CSM (59.1%) and GGG (57.7%) treatments. Addition of the supplements improved (p<0.001) the digestible (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) of the total diet. The diet with GGG had more (p<0.001) favorable DE and ME values than the CSM supplemented ration. Nitrogen balance was more favorable (p<0.001) for supplemented (+5.7 g N/day) than for unsupplemented lambs (+1.7 g N/day), Lambs supplemented with GGG (+6.3 g N/day) retained more (p=0.01) nitrogen than lambs supplemented with CSM (+5.0 g N/day) even though nitrogen intake was similar (p=0.98), The difference in the nitrogen retention between the supplement treatments was the result of higher (p=0.01) urinary nitrogen excretion from the CSM as compared to the GGG treatment, while fecal nitrogen excretion was similar (p=0.63) for both supplement treatments. Eastern gamagrass grain was comparable to CSM as a protein supplement for moderate to low quality hay. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Montana State Univ, No Agr Res Ctr, Havre, MT 59501 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Bailey, DW (reprint author), Montana State Univ, No Agr Res Ctr, Star Route 36 Box 43, Havre, MT 59501 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 1998 VL 76 IS 1-2 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1016/S0377-8401(98)00200-4 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 147GZ UT WOS:000077482000009 ER PT J AU Mariscal, DV Bergfeld, EGM Cupp, AS Kojima, FN Fike, KE Sanchez, T Wehrman, ME Johnson, RK Kittok, RJ Ford, JJ Kinder, JE AF Mariscal, DV Bergfeld, EGM Cupp, AS Kojima, FN Fike, KE Sanchez, T Wehrman, ME Johnson, RK Kittok, RJ Ford, JJ Kinder, JE TI Concentrations of gonadotropins, estradiol and progesterone in sows selected on an index of ovulation rate and embryo survival SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pig; ovary; ovulation; LH; FSH; estradiol; estrous cycle ID PORCINE FOLLICULAR-FLUID; PERIOVULATORY PERIOD; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; ESTROUS-CYCLE; LITTER SIZE; PLASMA; SWINE; GILTS; MEISHAN; PIGS AB The objective of this study was to determine concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P-4) and 17 beta-esuadiol (E-2) in sows from a line selected on an index which emphasized ovulation rate (Select) and from a control Line. A further classification of the sows in each line was made according to the estimated number of ovulations during an estrous cycle. Sows in the Select line were ranked into a high (HI) or low group (LI) when their estimated number of ovulations were 25 or more and 14 to 15, respectively. Sows of the control line were classified into groups as high (HC) or low (LC) when the estimated values for ovulation rate were 14-15 and 8-9 ovulations, respectively. Bleed samples were collected every 11 h during a complete estrous cycle and samples were analyzed for concentrations of FSH and LH. Samples collected every 24 h were assayed for P-4 and E-2, Mean concentrations of FSH, LH, P-4 and E-2 did not differ (P > 0.10) between lines or between HI and LI or HC and LC groups. Selection of pigs for ovulation rate and embryonal survival did not affect concentrations of FSH, LH, P-4 and E-2 in sows during the estrous cycle. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Inst Agr & Nat Res, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA, ARS, Clay Ctr, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Kinder, JE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Inst Agr & Nat Res, 224J,POB 830908, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 1998 VL 54 IS 1 BP 31 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0378-4320(98)00141-9 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 147VR UT WOS:000077518600004 PM 9877063 ER PT J AU Yu, JJ Chang, PK Ehrlich, KC Cary, JW Montalbano, B Dyer, JM Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE AF Yu, JJ Chang, PK Ehrlich, KC Cary, JW Montalbano, B Dyer, JM Bhatnagar, D Cleveland, TE TI Characterization of the critical amino acids of an Aspergillus parasiticus cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase encoded by ordA that is involved in the biosynthesis of aflatoxins B(1), G(1), B(2), and G(2) SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID O-METHYLSTERIGMATOCYSTIN; GENE-CLUSTER; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; CONVERSION; PATHWAY; METHYLTRANSFERASE; STERIGMATOCYSTIN; FLAVUS; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION AB The conversion of O-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST) and dihydro-O-methylsterigmatocystin to a aflatoxins B(1), G(1), B(2), and G(2) requires a cytochrome P-450 type of oxidoreductase activity. ordA, a gene adjacent to the omtA gene, was identified in the aflatoxin-biosynthetic pathway gene cluster by chromosomal walking in Aspergillus parasiticus, The ordA gene was a homolog of the Aspergillus flavus ord1 gene, which is involved in the conversion of OMST to aflatoxin B(1). Complementation of A. parasiticus SRRC 2043, an OMST-accumulating strain, with the ordA gene restored the ability to produce aflatoxins B(1), G(1), B(2), and G(2). The ordA gene placed under the control of the GAL1 promoter converted exogenously supplied OMST to aflatoxin B(1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In contrast, the ordA gene homolog in A. parasiticus SRRC 2043, ordA1, was not able to carry out the same conversion in the yeast system. Sequence analysis revealed that the ordA1 gene had three point mutations which resulted in three amino acid changes (His-400-->Leu-400, Ala-143-->Ser-143, and Ile-528-->Tyr-528). Site-directed mutagenesis studies showed that the change of His-400 to Leu-400 resulted in a loss of the monooxygenase activity and that Ala-143 played a significant role in the catalytic conversion, In contrast, Ile-528 was not associated with the enzymatic activity, The involvement of the ordA gene in the synthesis of aflatoxins G(1), and G(2) in A. parasiticus suggests that enzymes required fur the formation of aflatoxins G(1) and G(2) are not present in A. flavus. The results showed that in addition to the conserved heme-binding and redox reaction domains encoded by ordA, other seemingly domain-unrelated amino acid residues are critical for cytochrome P-450 catalytic activity. The ordA gene has been assigned to a new cytochrome P-450 gene family named CYP64 by The Cytochrome P450 Nomenclature Committee. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Cleveland, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM eclevela@nola.srrc.usda.gov NR 47 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 64 IS 12 BP 4834 EP 4841 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 145XB UT WOS:000077396700031 PM 9835571 ER PT J AU Mishra, AK Goodwin, BK AF Mishra, AK Goodwin, BK TI Income risk and allocation of labour time: an empirical investigation SO APPLIED ECONOMICS LA English DT Article AB This study investigates the behaviour of risk averse farm operators in response to farm income and employment variability. Economic theory maintains that greater farm income variability should increase off-farm labour supply. On the other hand greater off-farm employment variability should decrease off-farm labour supply. This effect is confirmed for a sample of farm operators in North Carolina and Kansas using fixed and random effects models. Off-farm employment of farm operators is also found to be significantly influenced by age, efficiency, asset value, and off-farm wage rate. C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Mishra, AK (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, Resource Econ Div, Room N4119,1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. OI Mishra, Ashok/0000-0002-0988-1428 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0003-6846 J9 APPL ECON JI Appl. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1549 EP 1555 PG 7 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 151WU UT WOS:000077744300001 ER PT J AU Adelizi, PD Rosati, RR Warner, K Wu, YV Muench, TR White, MR Brown, PB AF Adelizi, P. D. Rosati, R. R. Warner, K. Wu, Y. V. Muench, T. R. White, M. R. Brown, P. B. TI Evaluation of fish-meal free diets for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss SO AQUACULTURE NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE feeds; fish-meal free; nutrition; soy flour; soybean meal; trout AB Eight experimental diets were formulated for rainbow trout using agricultural byproducts as major ingredients. Each experimental diet contained varying amounts of corn grain, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed and one of the following: 200 g kg(-1)-peanut meal, 200 or 400 g kg(-1)-soybean meal (SBM), 390 g kg(-1)-low-allergen soy flour, 310 g kg(-1)-soy protein concentrate, 300 g kg(-1)-low-allergen soy protein concentrate or 200 g kg(-1)-SBM + 110 g kg(-1)-blood meal. One diet contained 200 g kg(-1)-SBM and canola oil as the main lipid source. The remaining diets contained 95 g kg(-1)-menhaden oil. Fish fed a commercial trout diet exhibited significantly greater weight gain (322%), and a lower feed conversion ratio (0.89) but significantly lower protein efficiency ratio (2.18) than fish fed the experimental diets. Within the experimental diets, fish fed the 400 g kg(-1)-soy flour diet and the 400 g kg(-1)-soybean meal diet had significantly higher weight gains (276% and 268%) and protein efficiency ratios (2.58 and 2.52), and lower feed conversion ratios (1.02 and 1.03) than fish fed other experimental diets. Fillet flavour varied between treatments. Most notable was the lower fishy flavour and higher chicken flavour of fish fed the diet that contained canola oil rather than menhaden oil. Microscopic evaluation of the liver and five sections of the gastrointestinal tract failed to demonstrate any differences between treatment groups. The ingredient costs of several experimental diets were lower than the estimated cost of a standard commercial trout diet. However, the superior feed conversion ratios of fish fed the control diet resulted in lower feed costs per unit of fish produced. C1 [Adelizi, P. D.; Brown, P. B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Rosati, R. R.] Illinois State Univ, Dept Agr, Normal, IL 61761 USA. [Warner, K.; Wu, Y. V.] ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. [Muench, T. R.; White, M. R.] Purdue Univ, Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Brown, PB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. FU North Central Regional Aquaculture Centre; Purdue University Agricultural Research Programs [IND 059054]; North Central Regional Aquaculture Centre Program [94-38500-0048]; US Department of Agriculture FX We are grateful to the North Central Regional Aquaculture Centre for funding our study and Purdue University Agricultural Research Programs (IND 059054) for providing additional support. We also thank the many suppliers for their generous contributions to our study, including Indiana Department of Natural Resources, A.E. Staley, American Protein Corp., Archer Daniels Midland, Cargill, Central Soya, Rhone-Poulenc and Zapata Proteins. Special thanks to Dr Niels Nielsen, USDA/ARS, Purdue University, Chris Nelson, Nelson and Sons, Inc., and Dr Mark Subramanyam, Ziegler Brothers for their gracious assistance and technical advice.; This publication is a result of work sponsored by the North Central Regional Aquaculture Centre Program under grant number 94-38500-0048 from the US Department of Agriculture. The US Government and the North Central Regional Aquaculture Centre are authorized to produce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes, notwithstanding any copyright notation appearing hereon. Names are necessary to report factually on available data, however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others. This paper is technical contribution #15542, Purdue Agricultural Research Programs. NR 42 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1353-5773 J9 AQUACULT NUTR JI Aquac. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 4 IS 4 BP 255 EP 262 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2095.1998.00077.x PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA V27FQ UT WOS:000208599500006 ER PT J AU Bothast, RJ Cotta, MA Breznak, JA Odelson, DA AF Bothast, RJ Cotta, MA Breznak, JA Odelson, DA TI Robert B. Hespell - Deceased member SO ASM NEWS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Eco Soil Syst San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0044-7897 J9 ASM NEWS JI ASM News PD DEC PY 1998 VL 64 IS 12 BP 705 EP 706 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 149RW UT WOS:000077620200017 ER PT J AU Genovese, KJ Lowry, VK Stanker, LH Kogut, MH AF Genovese, KJ Lowry, VK Stanker, LH Kogut, MH TI Administration of Salmonella enteritidis immune lymphokine to day-old turkeys by subcutaneous, oral, and nasal routes: a comparison of effects on Salmonella enteritidis liver invasion, peripheral blood heterophilia and heterophil activation SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHICKENS; CYTOKINES; PULMONARY; ONTOGENY; ALPHA AB Previous experiments have shown that the administration by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of Salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokines (LK) derived from chicken splenic T cells protect both chicks and turkey poults from Salmonella enteritidis (SE) organ invasion, This protection was mediated by the avian heterophil, The present experiments evaluated the ability of SE-immune lymphokines derived from a virally transformed chicken T cell line (VILK) in protecting day-old turkeys against SE liver invasion, inducing peripheral blood heterophilia, and functionally activating heterophils when delivered by subcutaneous (s.c.), oral (p.o.) or intranasal (i.n.) routes when compared to i.p. injection, All routes of administration of VILE showed dramatic reductions in SE liver invasion (P < 0.01) and significant elevations in the number of heterophils in the peripheral blood (P < 0.01), The rise in peripheral blood heterophils was accompanied by a significant increase in the functional activity of the heterophils, Chemotactic movement of heterophils from all VILE groups was two to three times that observed in the control heterophils using chicken serum and recombinant human interleukin-g (rhuIL-8) as the chemoattractants (P < 0.01). The number of heterophils phagocytizing SE and the number of bacteria per heterophil were significantly higher in all VILK administered groups (P < 0.01). Adherence to bovine serum albumin (BSA) revealed significant increases in adherence of heterophils from all VILE administered groups when compared to control heterophils from poults (P<0.01), The results of these experiments clearly show that VILE delivered s.c., p.o. and i.n. is as effective in protecting day-old poults from SE invasion as an i.p. injection and that this protection is also mediated by the activation of an increased number of heterophils in the circulation. C1 USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Anat & Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Genovese, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 597 EP 604 DI 10.1080/03079459808419390 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 152UV UT WOS:000077795900010 PM 18484275 ER PT J AU Martin, PAW Mischke, S Schroder, RFW AF Martin, PAW Mischke, S Schroder, RFW TI Compatibility of photoactive dyes with insect biocontrol agents SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insect biocontrol; Bacillus thuringiensis; Beauveria bassiana; phloxine B; xanthene dyes AB Integrated pest management (IPM) programmes often look for more specific ways to control pests Biological central agents such as the bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, and the fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, can control insects with minimal disturbance to the environment because of their host specificity and short half-lives. Often these agents alone cannot pi event yield loss or are too expensive. This study looked at the in vitro combination of these agents and photoactive dyes, especially phloxine B (red dye D&C 28), a Food and Drug Administration approved dye, with the intent to provide better insect control. Photoactive dyes are being tested for the control of many pest insects. Phloxine B and related xanthene dyes, eosin y, fluorescein and rose bengal inhibited the growth of both B. thuringiensis and B. bassiana Phloxine B was the most inhibitory and fluorescein the least inhibitory dye for both microbes. The magnitude of inhibition increased with increasing concentration of dye and light intensity. Therefore, an adverse effect on the field performance of these biological control agents in combination with xanthene dyes would be expected. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Martin, PAW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 8 IS 4 BP 501 EP 508 DI 10.1080/09583159830018 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 149BK UT WOS:000077585100004 ER PT J AU Mischke, S Martin, PAW Schroder, RFW AF Mischke, S Martin, PAW Schroder, RFW TI Compatibility of phloxine B, an insecticidal photoactive dye, with selected biocontrol fungi SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE integrated pest management; xanthene dyes; Beauveria bassiana; Coniothyrium minitans; Stilbella erythrocephala; Trichoderma virens; Verticillium lecanii ID VERTICILLIUM-LECANII; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; CONIOTHYRIUM-MINITANS; GLIOCLADIUM-VIRENS; DAMPING-OFF; MUTANTS AB The incorporation of the photoactive red food dye, phloxine B, into integrated pest management strategies has been suggested for the control of various insect pests. Inclusion of such a chemical pest control agent may interfere with a microbial pest control agent. Thus, representative fungi with potential for biocontrol were tested for their responses to phloxine B (0.01%), at different temperatures. Growth rates at selected temperatures were inhibited by dye in the presence of light for Coniothyrium minitans and Verticillium lecanii. Trichoderma virens growth was inhibited in light and dark. At optimal growth temperatures, Beauveria bassiana growth was inhibited only by the photoactivated dye species, while growth of Stilbella erythrocephala was not affected by the dye even in the presence of light. C1 USDA ARS, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mischke, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Climate Stress Lab, Bldg 050,Room 100, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM smischke@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 8 IS 4 BP 509 EP 515 DI 10.1080/09583159830027 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 149BK UT WOS:000077585100005 ER PT J AU Meacham, SL Hunt, CD AF Meacham, SL Hunt, CD TI Dietary boron intakes of selected populations in the United States SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE boron; dietary intake; total diet studies; food composition; boron concentrations; humans; athletes ID TOTAL-ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; ELEMENTS; WOMEN; MAGNESIUM; RETENTION; CALCIUM; FOODS; BLOOD; WATER AB Knowledge of daily boron (B) intakes will assist researchers in establishing B requirements and elucidating the metabolic role of B in humans. B concentrations in commonly consumed foods were utilized to approximate the B intake of selected US populations. Triplicate food samples were digested at low temperatures with 16 M HNO3 and 30% H2O2, and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP). Milk and dairy products, juices, and beverages were the largest contributors to dietary B. Total B content of average daily diets ranged from 548 mu g for toddlers (2 yr old) to 883 mu g for mature males (60-65 yr old), excluding tap water contributions. Toddlers consumed 3.7 times more B than mature males when adjusted for body weight (body wt) and consumed the diet with the highest boron density (1.8 mu g/kJ or 0.43 mu g/kcal). Adolescent females consumed a diet with the lowest B density (1.12 mu g/kJ or 0.26 mu g/kcal). Food B concentrations applied to diet records (1020 mu g/d) and ICP analysis of the corresponding food composites (1170 mu g/d) were comparable (p < 0.05). Current estimations of B in US diets are consistent with reports in the literature stating that normal adult daily B intakes are approx 1 mg. C1 Winthrop Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Rock Hill, SC 29733 USA. ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Meacham, SL (reprint author), Winthrop Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Rock Hill, SC 29733 USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 66 IS 1-3 BP 65 EP 78 DI 10.1007/BF02783127 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 166EM UT WOS:000078563300007 PM 10050909 ER PT J AU Sutherland, B Strong, P King, JC AF Sutherland, B Strong, P King, JC TI Determining human dietary requirements for boron SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE boron; dietary requirement; urinary boron; humans AB A dietary requirement is defined as the lowest continuing intake of a nutrient that for a specified indicator of adequacy, will maintain a defined level of nutriture in an individual. An essential dietary component is one that the body cannot synthesize in sufficient quantities to maintain health. Recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) are based on estimates of the dietary requirements, and are designed to prevent deficiency diseases and promote health through an adequate diet. In 1996, the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) began a revision process of the RDAs using as criteria specific indicators of adequacy and functional end points for reducing the risk of chronic disease. Boron (B) is a dietary component, and evidence from animal studies indicates that it is a dietary essential; it cannot be synthesized in tissues, and organisms exposed to very low levels of B show developmental defects. In humans, there is evidence of homeostatic regulation of B and an interrelationship with bone metabolism. To understand better the relationship between dietary B and B homeostasis, we measured the dietary B intake and urinary B losses in seven male participants of a controlled metabolic study of Zn homeostasis. Average dietary B intake for the repeated menu days, days 1, 2, and 3, was 4.56, 1.87, and 4.75 mg/d, respectively. Urinary B excretion during the 42-d collection period averaged 3.20 +/- 0.41 mg/d. When dietary B was low, urinary B loss (2.92 mg/d) was significantly lower than when B intake was higher (3.15 and 3.54 mg/d). Our study showed that urinary B excretion changes rapidly with changes in B intake, indicating that the kidney is the site of homeostatic regulation. To enable establishment of a dietary requirement for B in the future, further research of homeostatic regulation and functional markers of B metabolism need to be performed, followed by epidemiological studies to identify health conditions associated with inadequate dietary B. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Borax Inc, Valencia, CA USA. ARS, USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Sutherland, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 16 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 66 IS 1-3 BP 193 EP 204 DI 10.1007/BF02783138 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 166EM UT WOS:000078563300018 PM 10050920 ER PT J AU Hunt, CD AF Hunt, CD TI Regulation of enzymatic activity - One possible role of dietary boron in higher animals and humans SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE boroesters; enzymatic regulation; inflammatory disease; immune function; insulin release ID HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS ROOTS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; SERINE PROTEASES; DAUCUS CAROTA; BORIC-ACID; BORATE; CELLS; REQUIREMENT; INHIBITION; PLASMA AB It is well established that vascular plants, diatoms, and some species of marine algal flagellates have acquired an absolute requirement for boron (B), although the primary role remains unknown. Discovery of naturally occurring organoboron compounds, all ionophoric macrodiolide antibiotics with a single B atom critical for activity, established at least one biochemical role of B. The unusual nature of B chemistry suggests the possibility of a variety of biological roles for B. At physiological concentrations and pH, B may react with one N group or one to four hydroxyl groups on specific biological ligands with suitable configuration and charge to form dissociable organoboron compounds or complexes. Suitable Ligands include pyridine (e.g., NAD(+) or NADP) or flavin (e.g., FAD) nucleotides and serine proteases (SP). B reacts with the cis adjacent hydroxyls on the ribosyl moiety of the nucleotides or, in the serine proteases, the N on the imidazole group of histidine or the hydroxyl group on the serine moiety. Reversible inhibition by B of activity of SP or oxidoreductases that require pyridine or flavin nucleotides is well known. Therefore, a proposed essential role for B is as a regulator of relevant pathways, including respiratory burst, that utilize these enzymes. C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Hunt, CD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 86 TC 63 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 10 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 66 IS 1-3 BP 205 EP 225 DI 10.1007/BF02783139 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 166EM UT WOS:000078563300019 PM 10050921 ER PT J AU Lanoue, L Taubeneck, MW Muniz, J Hanna, LA Strong, PL Murray, FJ Nielsen, FH Hunt, CD Keen, CL AF Lanoue, L Taubeneck, MW Muniz, J Hanna, LA Strong, PL Murray, FJ Nielsen, FH Hunt, CD Keen, CL TI Assessing the effects of low boron diets on embryonic and fetal development in rodents using in vitro and in vivo model systems SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE boron; preimplantation; postimplantation; embryonic development; reproduction; in vitro model systems ID BORIC-ACID; MOUSE EMBRYOS; IN-VITRO; TOXICITY; INVITRO; RATS; METABOLISM; CHEMISTRY; CULTURE; ANIMALS AB To date, boron (B) essentiality has not been conclusively shown in mammals. This article summarizes the results of a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments designed to investigate the role of B in mammalian reproduction. In the first study, rat darns were fed either a low (0.04 mu g B/g) or an adequate (2.00 mu g B/g) B diet for 6 wk before breeding and through pregnancy; reproductive outcome was monitored on gestation day 20. Although low dietary B significantly lowered maternal blood, liver, and bone B concentrations, it had no marked effects on fetal growth or development. The goal of the second study was to assess the effects of B on the in vitro development of rat postimplantation embryos. Day 10 embryos collected from dams fed either the low or adequate B diets for at least 12 wk were cultured in serum collected from male rats exposed to one of the two dietary B treatments. Dams fed the low B diet had a significantly reduced number of implantation sites compared to darns fed the B-adequate diet. However, embryonic growth in vitro was not affected by B treatment. The aim of study 3 was to define the limits of boric acid (BA) toxicity on mouse preimplantation development in vitro. Two-cell mouse embryos were cultured in media containing graded levels of BA (from 6 to 10,000 mu M). Impaired embryonic differentiation and proliferation were observed only when embryos were exposed to high levels of BA (>2000 mu M), reflecting a very low level of toxicity of BA on early mouse embryonic development. Study 4 tested the effects of low (0.04 mu g B/g) and adequate (2.00 mu g B/g) dietary B on the in vitro development of mouse preimplantation embryos. Two-cell embryos obtained from the dams were cultured in vitro for 72 h. Maternal exposure to the low B diet for 10, 12, and 16 wk was associated with a reduction in blastocyst formation, a reduction in blastocyst cell number, and an increased number of degenerates. Collectively, these studies support the concept that B deficiency impairs early embryonic development in rodents. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. US Borax, Valencia, CA USA. Murray & Associates, San Jose, CA USA. ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Keen, CL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD26777, HD01743] NR 37 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 66 IS 1-3 BP 271 EP 298 DI 10.1007/BF02783143 PG 28 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 166EM UT WOS:000078563300023 PM 10050925 ER PT J AU Penland, JG AF Penland, JG TI The importance of boron nutrition for brain and psychological function SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE boron nutrition; brain function; electroencephalogram; psychological function; cognition; behavior; toxicology; human; animal ID DIETARY BORON; MAGNESIUM; WOMEN; RATS AB Boron (B) nutriture has been related to bone, mineral and lipid metabolism, energy utilization, and immune function. As evidence accumulates that B is essential for humans, it is important to consider possible relationships between B nutriture and brain and psychological function. Five studies conducted in our laboratory are reviewed. Assessments of brain electrical activity in both animals and humans found that B deprivation results in decreased brain electrical activity similar to that observed in nonspecific malnutrition. Assessments of cognitive and psychomotor function in humans found that B deprivation results in poorer performance on tasks of motor speed and dexterity, attention, and short-term memory. However, little support was found for anecdotal reports that supplementation with physiologic amounts of B helps alleviate the somatic and psychological symptoms of menopause. Parallels between nutritional and toxicological effects of B on brain and psychological function are presented, and possible biological mechanisms for dietary effects are reviewed. Findings support the hypothesis that B nutriture is important for brain and psychological function in humans. C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Penland, JG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 38 TC 29 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 8 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 66 IS 1-3 BP 299 EP 317 DI 10.1007/BF02783144 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 166EM UT WOS:000078563300024 PM 10050926 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH AF Nielsen, FH TI The justification for providing dietary guidance for the nutritional intake of boron SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE boron; calcium; bone; dietary reference intakes; human nutrition ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; MINERAL METABOLISM; ANIMAL NUTRITION; CHOLECALCIFEROL; SUPPLEMENTATION; MAGNESIUM; CHROMIUM; PLANTS; CHICK AB Because a biochemical function has not been defined for boron (B), its nutritional essentiality has not been firmly established. Nonetheless, dietary guidance should be formulated for B, because it has demonstrated beneficial, if not essential, effects in both animals and humans. Intakes of B commonly found with diets abundant in fruits, vegetables, legumes, pulses, and nuts have effects construed to be beneficial in macromineral, energy, nitrogen, and reactive oxygen metabolism, in addition to enhancing the response to estrogen therapy and improving psychomotor skills and cognitive processes of attention and memory. Perhaps the best-documented beneficial effect of B is on calcium (Ca) metabolism or utilization, and thus, bone calcification and maintenance. The paradigm emerging for the provision of dietary guidance that includes consideration of the total health effects of a nutrient, not just the prevention of a deficiency disease, has resulted in dietary guidance for chromium (Cr) and fluoride; both of these elements have beneficial effects in humans, but neither has a defined biochemical function. Knowledge of B nutritional effects in humans equals or is superior to that of Cr and fluoride; thus, establishing a dietary reference intake for B is justified. An analysis of both human and animal data suggests that an acceptable safe range of population mean intakes of B for adults could well be 1-13 mg/d. Recent findings indicate that a significant number of people do not consistently consume more than 1 mg B/d; this suggests that B could be a practical nutritional or clinical concern. C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Nielsen, FH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 40 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 66 IS 1-3 BP 319 EP 330 DI 10.1007/BF02783145 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 166EM UT WOS:000078563300025 PM 10050927 ER PT J AU Variyam, JN Blaylock, J Smallwood, D AF Variyam, JN Blaylock, J Smallwood, D TI Reduced-rank models for nutrition knowledge assessment SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE cholesterol; dietary fats; measurement error; minimum distance estimator; multivariate probit; nutrition knowledge; reduced-rank models ID PROBIT MODEL; REGRESSION; INDICATORS AB The dependence of multiple interrelated responses on a set of covariates can be efficiently and parsimoniously modeled using reduced-rank methods. Two forms of reduced-rank models are possible depending on assumptions about response error correlations. When the response outcomes are binary, a minimum distance estimator based on first-stage marginal probit regressions can be used to estimate the reduced-rank models. The alternative models and the estimation procedure are illustrated using a data set on the dietary fats and cholesterol knowledge of a sample of U.S. household meal planners. C1 Econ Res Serv, Food & Rural Econ Div, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Variyam, JN (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, Food & Rural Econ Div, USDA, 1800 M St NW,Room 3075, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1441 I ST, NW, SUITE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-2210 USA SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD DEC PY 1998 VL 54 IS 4 BP 1654 EP 1661 DI 10.2307/2533690 PG 8 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 154PZ UT WOS:000077898700040 ER PT J AU Rendleman, JA Knutson, CA AF Rendleman, JA Knutson, CA TI Conversion of cyclodextrin into high-amylose starch of low molecular mass by means of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB alpha-Cyclodextrin (CD) was converted by Bacillus macercans cyclodextrin glucanotransferase into highly insoluble high-amylose starch with a low average degree of polymerization (56-73), in yields as high as 78% over a wide range of temperatures (25-70 degrees C). Ability to undergo this conversion was highly concentration-dependent. gamma-CD was also convertible in good yield; however, beta-CD was relatively resistant to conversion. Degrees of polymerization and the percentages of amylose in the high-amylose products were estimated from spectrophotometric measurements on their iodine complexes. A plausible mechanism for conversion of CD into starch is proposed. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biopolymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Biomat Proc Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Rendleman, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biopolymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 2 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON, ENGLAND W1N 3AJ SN 0885-4513 J9 BIOTECHNOL APPL BIOC JI Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 28 BP 219 EP 228 PN 3 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 147JP UT WOS:000077565800005 PM 9799720 ER PT J AU Ewel, KC Zheng, SF Pinzon, ZS Bourgeois, JA AF Ewel, KC Zheng, SF Pinzon, ZS Bourgeois, JA TI Environmental effects of canopy gap formation in high-rainfall mangrove forests SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Bruguiera gymnorrhiza; harvesting; Kosrae; Micronesia; Nypa fruticans; porewater salinity; Rhizophora; soil redox potential; Sonneratia alba AB This study investigated the importance of gap formation in mangrove swamps on the island of Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia, in order to understand better both natural processes of forest development and the effects of harvesting trees for firewood in these wetlands. Measurements were concentrated in seven plots located near four rivers: three in fringe zones and four in basin zones. Each plot was a cluster of five points and covered an area of ca 1.3 ha. From every point in each of the seven plots, the nearest canopy gap greater than or equal to 10 m(2) was located; 25 of the 35 gaps were formed by harvesting. Porewater salinity was significantly higher under the canopy in fringe mangrove forests than in basin mangrove forests. Although gaps were small (mean gap size = 158 m(2); median gap size = 92 m(2)), soil temperatures were significantly higher in gaps of both zones. Soil redox potential was significantly lower and porewater salinity significantly higher in the gaps than under the canopy in the basin zone only. Higher porewater salinity may be attributed to high evaporation rates from the soil and high transpiration rates from trees surrounding gaps. There were significantly more seedlings in gaps than under the canopy only in the fringe zones. Although gap formation alters the soil environment of Kosraean mangrove swamps, high freshwater input may buffer these effects in basin mangrove swamps by reducing porewater salinity. Current harvesting rates do not appear to be changing canopy species composition, but large gaps, especially in mangrove forests in more arid areas, may lead to major changes. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Trop Forestry, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Ewel, KC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl St,Rm 323, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. NR 18 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC TROPICAL BIOLOGY INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD DEC PY 1998 VL 30 IS 4 BP 510 EP 518 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00091.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157VF UT WOS:000078081800003 ER PT J AU Latta, SC Wunderle, JM AF Latta, SC Wunderle, JM TI The assemblage of birds foraging in native west Indian pine (Pinus occidentalis) forests of the Dominican republic during the nonbreeding season SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Dominican Republic; foraging behavior; foraging guilds; Hispaniola; hurricanes; migratory birds; Pinus occidentalis ID TROPICAL FOLIAGE INSECTS; HURRICANE HUGO; SWEEP SAMPLES; PUERTO-RICO; VEGETATION; POPULATIONS; HISPANIOLA; BEHAVIOR; HABITAT; SIZE AB We studied avian resource use in a native West Indian pine (Pinus occidentalis) forest in the Cordillera Central of the Dominican Republic during the nonbreeding season. The forest is characterized by a fairly open pine canopy and a dense mixed-broadleaf and pine understory. We used a principal components analysis of 23 foraging characters for 23 bird species, including foraging height, the proportional use of 5 different foraging methods, 3 horizontal positions and foliage densities, and 11 foraging substrates. Five principal components accounted for 74 percent of the total variance of the assemblage variables and resulted in the delineation of at least 5 foraging guilds. 78 percent of bird species had mean foraging heights of 5.0-10.0 m, corresponding to the region of overlap of pine and broadleaf vegetation. As a result, the diversity of foraging substrates and maneuvers used by birds, rather than foraging height, appears to be the primary means by which birds that exploit this habitat separate ecologically. Migrant wood warblers (Parulinae) are probably able to integrate into the community because of little diet overlap between residents and migrants, and the fairly specialized nature of their largely insectivorous foraging habits. Avian foraging in this habitat may reflect the effects of frequent disturbance such as hurricanes. C1 US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Palmer, PR 00721 USA. RP Latta, SC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, 110 Tucker Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC TROPICAL BIOLOGY INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD DEC PY 1998 VL 30 IS 4 BP 645 EP 656 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.1998.tb00104.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157VF UT WOS:000078081800016 ER PT J AU Bosley, A Petersen, R Rebbeck, J AF Bosley, A Petersen, R Rebbeck, J TI The resistance of the moss Polytrichum commune to acute exposure of simulated acid rain or ozone compared to two fern species: Spore germination SO BRYOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORTED AIR-POLLUTANTS; FOREST PLANT REPRODUCTION; POLLEN GERMINATION; ONOCLEA-SENSIBILIS; SENSITIVE FERN; GROWTH; ACIDIFICATION; PRECIPITATION; BRYOPHYTES; INVITRO AB This study was done I) to determine the useful[ness of spore germination of selected non-seed plants as a bioassay for simulated acid rain (SAR) and O-3 effects and 2) to compare the results of spore germination with Seed plant pollen exposure studies. Three taxa of common and wide occurrence in eastern North America were employed-the moss Polytrichum commune and two ferns, Athyrium felix-femina and Onoclea sensibilis. In two separate experiments, spores of the three taxa were exposed to simulated acid rain solutions (SAR) ranging from pH 2-7 and to four concentrations of ozone (O-3) (11, 50, 100, and 150 ppb) to assess effects on spore germination. After exposure to SAR, P. commune spore germination was inhibited only at pH 2 (0%). Germination was 100% at all other pH levels. Spore germination for both fern species was approximately 100% at pH 4 and higher, 6-20% at pH 3, and 0% at pH 2. Exposure to O-3 had no effect on P. commune spore germination, which remained 100% at all four concentrations. Athyrium felix-femina spore germination decreased with increasing O-3 concentration At 150 ppb O-3 A. felix-femina germination decreased 50%, compared with germination at ambient levels (II ppb). Onoclea sensibilis spore germination increased 15% in 100 ppb O-3-air compared with germination in ambient air (II ppb) suggesting a possible tonic effect. However, O. sensibilis germination decreased 66% as the O-3 concentration increased to 150 ppb, compared with germination in ambient air. These findings demonstrate that P. commune spore germination is resistant to the short term exposure to both acid rain and O-3, while the two fern taxa appear to be sensitive to these two pollutants. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20059 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Bosley, A (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER BRYOLOGICAL LICHENOLOGICAL SOCIETY INC PI FAIRFAX PA C/O JAMES D LAWREY, GEORGE MASON UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY MSN 3E1, FAIRFAX, VA 22030 USA SN 0007-2745 J9 BRYOLOGIST JI Bryologist PD WIN PY 1998 VL 101 IS 4 BP 512 EP 518 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 157MG UT WOS:000078065800004 ER PT J AU Kormanik, PP Sung, SS Kormanik, TL Schlarbaum, SE Zarnoch, SJ AF Kormanik, PP Sung, SS Kormanik, TL Schlarbaum, SE Zarnoch, SJ TI Effect of acorn size on development of northern red oak 1-0 seedlings SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB The effect of acorn size on seedling development was determined for 20 northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) mother tree selections from the USDA Forest Service's Eastern Tennessee Watauga seed orchard. Acorns from each mother tree were visually separated into three size groups, weighed, and sown separately in forest nurseries located in Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee. Seedling height, root collar diameter, and survival within sibling seedlots were significantly related to acorn mass. The three sizes of acorns showed the same trends in seedling development among the four nurseries. Heritability (h(2)) estimates for the variables were uniformly high among all acorn sizes. A wide range in sibling seedling quality occurred within each acorn size class regardless of nursery location. This suggests that while sizing of corns into several categories may result in more uniform germination within a seedbed, it will not result in uniform seedling development even when using sibling seedlots and acorns of uniform size. C1 US Forest Serv, Inst Tree Root Biol, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. US Forest Serv, Biometr Sect, USDA, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. RP Kormanik, PP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Tree Root Biol, USDA, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 28 IS 12 BP 1805 EP 1813 DI 10.1139/cjfr-28-12-1805 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 171YE UT WOS:000078891500006 ER PT J AU Iaboni, A Holman, GM Nachman, RJ Orchard, I Coast, GM AF Iaboni, A Holman, GM Nachman, RJ Orchard, I Coast, GM TI Immunocytochemical localisation and biological activity of diuretic peptides in the housefly, Musca domestica SO CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE neurosecretory cells; CRF-related peptides; myokinins; Malpighian tubules; diuresis; Musca domestica (Insecta) ID ISOLATED MALPIGHIAN TUBULES; CRICKET ACHETA-DOMESTICUS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; IMMUNOREACTIVE NEURONS; FLUID TRANSPORT; LEUCOKININ-I; SUBSTANCE-P; NEUROPEPTIDE; HORMONE; INSECT AB The distribution of a CRF-related diuretic peptide (Musca-DP) and the diuretic/myotropic insect myokinins in the central nervous system of larval and adult houseflies was investigated using antisera raised against Locusta-DH and leucokinin-I, respectively. Two separate, small populations of immunoreactive neurons are present in the brain and fused thoracic-abdominal ganglion mass. There is no evidence for these immunoreactivities being colocalised either within single neurons or at neurohaemal release sites. Crude extracts of tissues containing immunoreactive material increase fluid secretion by isolated Malpighian tubules from adult flies. Diuretic activity is highest in tissues containing myokinin-immunoreactive material. Consistent with this observation, myokinin analogues produce a four- to five-fold increase in fluid secretion, which is more than twice the response to Musca-DP. These effects are mimicked by treatments that increase intracellular calcium and cyclic AMP, respectively. When tested at threshold concentrations, the two classes of diuretic peptide act synergistically to accelerate tubule secretion, and their separate localisation may be important for the precise control of diuresis. C1 Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Dept Biol, London WC1E 7HX, England. USDA, Food Anim Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Zool, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada. RP Coast, GM (reprint author), Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Dept Biol, Malet St, London WC1E 7HX, England. RI Iaboni, Andrea/I-7876-2016 OI Iaboni, Andrea/0000-0003-4268-6832 NR 29 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0302-766X J9 CELL TISSUE RES JI Cell Tissue Res. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 294 IS 3 BP 549 EP 560 DI 10.1007/s004410051205 PG 12 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 139EU UT WOS:000077015600016 PM 9799471 ER PT J AU Isogai, A Atalla, RH AF Isogai, A Atalla, RH TI Dissolution of cellulose in aqueous NaOH solutions SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE cellulose; dissolution; NaOH; leveling-off DP; regenerated cellulose ID STEAM EXPLOSION METHOD; MASS C-13 NMR; FILAMENT SPUN; SUPERMOLECULAR STRUCTURE; SODIUM-HYDROXIDE; ALKALI SOLUTION; SOLUTION SYSTEM; SULFURIC-ACID; SOLUBILITY; MORPHOLOGY AB Dissolution of a number of cellulose samples in aqueous NaOH was investigated with respect to the influence of molecular weight, crystalline form and the degree of crystallinity of the source samples. A procedure for dissolving microcrystalline cellulose was developed and optimized, and then applied to other cellulose samples of different crystalline forms, crystallinity indices and molecular weights. The optimum conditions involved swelling cellulose in 8-9 wt% NaOH and then freezing it into a solid mass by holding it at -20 degrees C. This was followed by thawing the frozen mass at room temperature and diluting with water to 5% NaOH. All samples prepared from microcrystalline cellulose were completely dissolved in the NaOH solution by this procedure, All regenerated celluloses having either cellulose II or an amorphous structure prepared from linter cellulose and kraft pulps were also essentially dissolved in the aqueous NaOH by this process. The original linter cellulose, its mercerized form and cellulose III samples prepared from it had limited solubility values of only 26-37%, when the same procedure was applied. The differences in the solubility of the celluloses investigated have been interpreted in terms of the degrees to which some long-range orders present in solid cellulose samples have been disrupted in the course of pre-treatments. C1 Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Agr & Life Sci, Dept Biomat Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 24 TC 222 Z9 231 U1 16 U2 129 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD DEC PY 1998 VL 5 IS 4 BP 309 EP 319 DI 10.1023/A:1009272632367 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 164EL UT WOS:000078449700006 ER PT J AU Pan, XK Hesketh, JD Huck, MG AF Pan, XK Hesketh, JD Huck, MG TI A web interface to databases associated with a plant growth simulator SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Java applet; Microsoft Access; Internet application; crop simulation AB A web interface was developed for scientists, teachers and students to access plant, weather and soil databases used for plant growth simulation studies. The interface is coded as a Java applet with a graphical user interface (GUI) whereas the databases are managed by Microsoft Access. The Java applet obtains input data from the databases, and then directly runs a plant growth simulator programmed in Java. With a Java (JDK1.1)-embedded web browser running under Windows 95/98/NT, UNIX, or other operating system, users can link to the run-time Java applet from our website. For plant growth simulation studies, users can choose a target plant species and different weather and soil conditions from menu choices built into the GUI, and then input agronomic data such as planting date, row spacing, etc. into the relevant text fields. The output is displayed in both graphical and text forms by clicking appropriately marked buttons for such state variables as phenological events, leaf area index (LAI), plant height, biomass, shoot/root ratio, photosynthesis, evapotranspiration, etc. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Huck, MG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect Res Unit, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 21 IS 3 BP 207 EP 217 DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(98)00039-8 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 162VA UT WOS:000078366600005 ER PT J AU Kilgo, JC Labisky, RF Fritzen, DE AF Kilgo, JC Labisky, RF Fritzen, DE TI Influences of hunting on the behavior of white-tailed deer: Implications for conservation of the Florida panther SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOVEMENTS AB The effects of deer hunting by humans on deer population dynamics and behavior may indirectly affect the population dynamics and behavior of deer predators We present data on the effects of hunting on the behavior of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on the Osceola National Forest, a potential reintroduction site for the endangered Florida panther (Felis concolor coryi). We then use this information to formulate and recommend testable hypotheses to investigate whether these changes in deer behavior influence panther movements, mortality: and hunting success. We monitored 14 radio-collared deer front June 1990 through July 1991 to compare movement activity, and habitat-use patterns between the hunting and non-hunting seasons. Mean distance of deer to the nearest road, mean distance of activity centers of diel home ranges to the nearest road, and mean nocturnal rate of activity were gr eater during the hunting than the nonhunting seasons. During the hunting season, deer avoided clearcuts, young pine plantations (4-10 years old), and other open habitats and preferred su,amp and mature pine forests, both of which provided cover. These results suggest that deer responded to hunter disturbance by moving away from roads and increasing nocturnal activity Although recreational deer hunting may reduce the prey base for panthers the changes we observed in deer behavior during the hunting season may benefit panthers in the following ways: (I) an increase in nocturnal activity and movement away from roads by deer into areas frequented by panthers may increase prey availability for panther's; (2) the movement of deer away from roads may in turn draw panthers away from om roads, which may decrease the chance of panthers being killed by vehicular traffic or poachers. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Kilgo, JC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Savannah River Nat Resource Management & Res Inst, POB 710, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. EM jkilgo/r8_savannahriver@fs.fed.us NR 32 TC 91 Z9 98 U1 7 U2 61 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1359 EP 1364 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.97223.x PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 146HN UT WOS:000077423400028 ER PT J AU King, DI Degraaf, RM Griffin, CR AF King, DI Degraaf, RM Griffin, CR TI Edge-related nest predation in clearcut and groupcut stands SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; FOREST; FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPES; SIZE AB Edge-related increases in nest predation rates have been reported in forest adjacent to clearcuts. Group selection is an uneven-age silvicultural technique that may provide an alternative to clearcutting, but group selection creates more edge per unit area cut than does clear cutting. Thus, if edge-related increases in nest predation exist in forest adjacent to groupcuts, group selection may potentially result in higher rates of edge-related nest predation than does clearcutting. To test this, we deployed 80 artificial shrub nests baited with Zebra Finch (Poephila guttata) eggs in edge areas (0-5 mfi om edges) and interior areas (45-50 m from edges) adjacent to clearcuts and groupcuts. The probability of a nest being depredated was higher in edge ar eas than interior areas (p = 0.02) and was independent of nest concealment nest height, or whether the nest was adjacent to a clearcut or a groupcut (p = 0.18). Thus, we conclude that forest edges created by groupcut Sing are associated with increased levels bf nest predation in adjacent forest, that the magnitude of this edge effect is similar to increases in nest predation in forest adjacent to clearcuts, and therefore that the abandonment of clearcutting in favor of group selection cannot be justified on the basis of concerns about the welfare of mature forest-dwelling birds. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Forestry & Wildlife, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP King, DI (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Forestry & Wildlife, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 17 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1412 EP 1415 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.97199.x PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 146HN UT WOS:000077423400035 ER PT J AU Engeman, RM Anthony, RM Barnes, VG Krupa, HW Evans, J AF Engeman, RM Anthony, RM Barnes, VG Krupa, HW Evans, J TI Double-stocking for overcoming damage to conifer seedlings by pocket gophers SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE animal damage; non-lethal control; reforestation; stocking rates; Thomomys ID VEGETATION MANAGEMENT; PINE-SEEDLINGS AB A 5-yr study was conducted on national forests in Idaho and Oregon to evaluate how doubling the seedling stocking rate of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) would relate to 5-year survival and the uniformity of distribution of seedlings in the presence of northern pocket gopher (Thomomys talpoides) damage. Either 4 or 8 seedlings were planted in 40-m(2) subplots (1000 or 2000 seedlings/ha) and monitored for gopher damage. We found that the number of seedlings attacked by gophers, and consequently, the number of seedlings surviving for 5 years, were directly proportional to the stocking rate, but the consistency of seedling distribution within each site las measured by the proportion of 40-m(2) subplots with greater than or equal to 2 surviving seedlings) did not double with stocking rate. In some situations, increasing the stocking rate should be considered as a method for overcoming pocket gopher damage. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. USDI, BRD, Alaska Fish & Wildlife Res Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. USDI, BRD, Kodiak Natl Wildlife Refuge, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Engeman, RM (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 1716 Heath Pkwy, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 17 IS 9 BP 687 EP 690 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(98)00072-6 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 154YH UT WOS:000077918000001 ER PT J AU Rens, W Welch, GR Johnson, LA AF Rens, W Welch, GR Johnson, LA TI A novel nozzle for more efficient sperm orientation to improve sorting efficiency of X and Y chromosome-bearing sperm SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE flow cytometry; sperm; DNA; orientation; nozzle; beveled needle; sorting ID FLOW CYTOMETRIC SEPARATION; RESOLUTION DNA ANALYSIS; SEX PRESELECTION; SPERMATOZOA AB Efficient high-resolution detection of DNA for flow cytometric sorting of X and Y chromosome-bearing sperm is dependent on effectively orientating the sperm head to the laser beam in orthogonally configured flow systems. Normally, a beveled needle is required to enlarge the fraction of properly orientated sperm (flat side facing the laser beam). In this report, a modification to a standard jet-in-air nozzle for improved sperm orientation is presented. Inside the modified nozzle (novel nozzle), orientation forces are applied lower in the nozzle than in the current beveled injection needle system. The nozzle was tested with sperm heads from several species, This study shows that use of the nozzle to orientate cattle, swine, rabbit, mouse, and human sperm effectively improves the percentage of sperm that are properly oriented, The percentage of sperm heads oriented by use of the former system (beveled needle) ranges around 30% for most species. With the newly designed nozzle, that percentage ranges around 60%. At least a twofold increase in analysis is achieved. It was found that, unlike results with the beveled needle, the percentage of properly oriented sperm was independent of the sample rate. The introduced nozzle is a significant improvement over the beveled needle system for the analysis and sorting of sperm on the basis of DNA content. In addition to the improvement in sorted sperm production brought about by the novel nozzle when fitted to standard-speed cell sorters, it clearly also has significant potential for improving die efficiency of the Beltsville Sperm Sexing Technology for separating X and Y chromosome-bearing sperm when adapted to highspeed cell-sorting systems, (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss,Inc.(dagger) C1 BARC E, USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Johnson, LA (reprint author), BARC E, USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, B-200, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM lajohnsn@lpsi.barc.usda.gov NR 23 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD DEC 1 PY 1998 VL 33 IS 4 BP 476 EP 481 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(19981201)33:4<476::AID-CYTO12>3.0.CO;2-B PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 141GR UT WOS:000077135400012 PM 9845443 ER PT J AU Ettema, CH Coleman, DC Vellidis, G Lowrance, R Rathbun, SL AF Ettema, CH Coleman, DC Vellidis, G Lowrance, R Rathbun, SL TI Spatiotemporal distributions of bacterivorous nematodes and soil resources in a restored riparian wetland SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacterivorous nematodes; coexistence; Georgia, USA; geostatistics; microbial respiration; nitrogen enrichment; riparian ecosystems; soil biodiversity; soil heterogeneity; spatial variability; temporal variability; wetlands ID BACTERIAL-FEEDING NEMATODES; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; POPULATION ENERGETICS; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; MATURITY INDEX; FOREST SOIL; SHORT-TERM; FOOD WEBS; ECOSYSTEM AB Spatial and temporal variability in soil biotic populations reflect heterogeneity in soil resources, affect patterns of soil process rates, and facilitate coexistence of diverse biota. We investigated these relationships in a 0.7-ha restored riparian wetland in the Coastal Plain of Georgia, USA, for an abundant and diverse group of soil fauna, the bacterivorous nematodes. We quantified spatial distributions in four different seasons for the eight most dominant bacterivorous taxa in the wetland and related their individual distributions to patterns of microbial respiration, inorganic nitrogen, moisture, and soil organic matter. We used geostatistics to quantify spatial aggregation and draw isopleths. For all variates except two nematode taxa, 36-99% of sample population variance was spatially dependent, over ranges of 11-84 m. Isopleths and spatial trend analysis showed that individual bacterivorous taxa exhibited divergent spatial distributions, with populations aggregating into different hotspots in the wetland. Although these large-scale trends persisted at all sampling dates, small-scale patterning showed significant temporal variation due to rise and fall of local populations. Individual nematode distributions did not correspond well to the (temporally more static) soil resource patterns, except occasionally to soil moisture and nitrate content. We attribute the general lack of correlation between nematode and soil resource patterns in part to the young age (2.5-3.5 yr) of the investigated wetland site. Although nematode patterns remain inadequately explained, we suggest that the observed spatiotemporal divergence among populations of bacterivorous taxa has important implications for our understanding of soil ecosystem and community processes, notably the spatiotemporal distribution of nematode-influenced nitrogen cycling rates and the maintenance of field-scale nematode diversity. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ettema, CH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. OI Coleman, David/0000-0003-0390-1501 NR 52 TC 72 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 22 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 1998 VL 79 IS 8 BP 2721 EP 2734 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 148JF UT WOS:000077501000011 ER PT J AU Tewksbury, JJ Hejl, SJ Martin, TE AF Tewksbury, JJ Hejl, SJ Martin, TE TI Breeding productivity does not decline with increasing fragmentation in a western landscape SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American Robin; brood parasitism; Brown-headed Cowbird; cedar waxwing; fragmentation; landscape; nest predation; Riparian birds; Warbling Vireo; Yellow Warbler ID BROWN-HEADED COWBIRD; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; NEST PREDATION; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; MIGRATORY BIRDS; MAYFIELD METHOD; NORTH-AMERICA; SUCCESS; PARASITISM; RATES AB Fragmentation of breeding habitat may cause declines in many bird populations. Our perception of the demographic effects of habitat fragmentation comes primarily from studies in the midwestern and eastern United States and Scandinavia. We know very little about the demographic effects of anthropogenically caused habitat fragmentation in habitats prone to natural disturbance, as is typical of most forest types in the western United States. We located and monitored 1916 nests on eight sites located in mostly forested landscapes and eight sites located in primarily agricultural landscapes to study the effects of landscape-level fragmentation on nest predation and brood parasitism in riparian areas in western Montana. Patterns of nest predation were opposite those documented from more eastern locales; predation rates were higher in forested landscapes than in fragmented landscapes dominated by agriculture. This pattern probably reflects the importance of forest predators in these landscapes: red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) were much more abundant in forested landscapes and declined quickly with decreasing forest cover, whereas predators that typically increase in fragmented landscapes in the Midwest (such as corvids) increased only at very high levels of fragmentation. Patch size and distance to habitat edge did not influence predation rates. Brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) decreased with increasing forest cover, but the strongest predictors of parasitism were the abundance of human development (farms and houses) on the landscape and the density of cowbird host species, not forest cover. The combined effects of predation and parasitism resulted in low nesting productivity in both forested and agricultural landscapes for heavily parasitized species, while the species not affected by cowbird parasitism had greater nesting productivity in fragmented agricultural landscapes. Our results suggest that the effects of fragmentation are dependent on the habitat structure, the landscape context, the predator community, and the impact of parasitism. All of these factors may differ substantially in western ecosystems when compared to previously studied forests, making generalizations about the effect of fragmentation difficult. C1 Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Biol Resources Div, Avian Studies Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Tewksbury, JJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, US Biol Resources Div, Avian Studies Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RI Martin, Thomas/F-6016-2011 OI Martin, Thomas/0000-0002-4028-4867 NR 71 TC 188 Z9 195 U1 7 U2 45 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD DEC PY 1998 VL 79 IS 8 BP 2890 EP 2903 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(1998)079[2890:BPDNDW]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 148JF UT WOS:000077501000023 ER PT J AU Bean, SR Lookhart, GL AF Bean, SR Lookhart, GL TI Faster capillary electrophoresis separation of wheat proteins through modifications to buffer composition and sample handling SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE wheat; proteins; buffers; gliadins; capillary electrophoresis ID ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; GLUTENIN; IDENTIFICATION; RESOLUTION; CULTIVARS; SUBUNITS; GLIADIN AB Studies were conducted to produce faster, simpler, more rugged protocols for separating wheat proteins by high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE). Three areas were targeted for improvement: initial capillary equilibration procedures, buffer composition, and post-separation rinsing procedures. For the initial equilibration of capillaries, a brief rinse with a hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) solution was the most critical factor for successful separation of wheat proteins. To reduce separation time and maintain resolution, beta-alanine and glycine were each used in place of sodium phosphate as buffer ions. Two isoelectric buffers, aspartic acid and iminodiacetic acid (IDA) were also tested. Each of these four buffer systems generated substantially lower currents, and provided faster separations, than sodium phosphate-based buffers. Finally, post-separation rinsing procedures were re-examined with the goal of reducing the time necessary to rinse the capillary after each separation. A critical factor in achieving this goal was removal of albumins and globulins prior to separation. These proteins bind to the capillary wan and cause rising baselines and excessive peak tailing. Once these proteins were removed, capillaries could be rinsed with buffer for only 2 min between separations. Capillary equilibration procedures were shortened from 90 min to 30 min. Likewise, separation times were reduced by similar to 40% (25 min to 15 min) by using glycine in place of sodium phosphate in the separation buffer. Finally, post-separation times were reduced by 80% (10 min to 2 min). Overall, these factors resulted in a reduction in total separation time of 50% (35 to 17 min) and maintained high resolution separations and good run-to-run repeatability. C1 ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Lookhart, GL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM george@usgmrl.ksu.edu OI Bean, Scott/0000-0001-8678-8094 NR 36 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD DEC PY 1998 VL 19 IS 18 BP 3190 EP 3198 DI 10.1002/elps.1150191823 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 159ZA UT WOS:000078204800022 PM 9932814 ER PT J AU Farrar, RR Ridgway, RL AF Farrar, RR Ridgway, RL TI Quantifying time-mortality relationships for nuclear polyhedrosis viruses when survivors are present SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE time-mortality; median lethal time; LT50; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; survivors ID GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; AUTOGRAPHA-CALIFORNICA LEPIDOPTERA; JUVENILE-HORMONE ESTERASE; RECOMBINANT BACULOVIRUS; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS; LYMANTRIIDAE BACULOVIRUS; FLUORESCENT BRIGHTENER; CABBAGE-LOOPER; INSECT CONTROL AB The time-mortality relationship for nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPVs) is 1 of the more important factors to be considered in the development of NPVs as biological control agents. This factor has become of particular interest in recent years with the advent of NPVs that have been genetically modified to kill insects faster. However, much information published on time-mortality relationships is quantified in such a way that the results may be misleading. In quantifying time-mortality relationships for NPVs, many researchers calculate median lethal times (LT(50)s), or median survival times (ST(50)s), using probit or similar analyses. However, some researchers include insects that survive the treatment in their calculations, whereas other researchers do not include survivors. Simulated data are presented to show that when survivors are included, treatment effects on LT(50)s and ST(50)s are inherently influenced by any treatment effects on percent mortality. Examples of real data from bioassays of the NW of the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby), against the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), that illustrate the same pattern are also presented. Rationale is presented that if survivors are simply not infected, data on them represents no useful information on the time-mortality relationship, and so survivors should generally be excluded from calculation of LT(50)s or ST(50)s, as well as from alternative methods of quantifying this relationship. Data on percent mortality data should be presented as well to allow full evaluation of the experiments. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Farrar, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 011A,Room 214,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 70 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1289 EP 1296 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 156XE UT WOS:000078027000001 ER PT J AU Robacker, DC AF Robacker, DC TI Effects of food deprivation, age, time of day, and gamma irradiation on attraction of Mexican fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) to two synthetic lures in a wind tunnel SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha ludens; attractants; lures; ammonia; ammonium acetate; putrescine ID ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA DIPTERA; CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; METHYLAMINE; PUTRESCINE; AMMONIA; LUDENS; ODOR; FLY; RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR AB The physiological condition of Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens ( Loew), affected their attraction to 2 similar but qualitatively different synthetic lures in wind-tunnel bioassays. The 2 lures were BioLure (ammonium acetate and putrescine) and AMPu (ammonium carbonate, methylamine HCl, and putrescine). Effects of food deprivation on attraction to the lures were smaller than the effects of sex, time of day, and irradiation. Sugar-fed, protein-starved flies were attracted more strongly than other hunger-status groups to the lures. Sugar-starved protein-starved females were less responsive than other groups of females to AMPu. Protein-starved males were more responsive than protein-fed males to BioLure. Females were nearly twice as responsive as males to the lures. Both lures were more attractive to females early and late in the photophase and more attractive to males during midphotophase. Gamma irradiation of flies greatly reduced their attraction to both lures. Fly age from 6 to 17 d after eclosion had little effect on attraction to the lures. AMPu was more than twice as attractive as BioLure summed over all wind-tunnel experiments. A field test using BioLure and AMPu on sticky traps confirmed the greater attractiveness of AMPu to laboratory-colony flies. C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Robacker, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2301 S Int Blvd, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1303 EP 1309 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 156XE UT WOS:000078027000003 ER PT J AU Hodgson, PJ Sivinski, J Quintero, G Aluja, M AF Hodgson, PJ Sivinski, J Quintero, G Aluja, M TI Depth of pupation and survival of fruit fly (Anastrepha spp.: Tephritidae) pupae in a range of agricultural habitats SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Formicidae; Staphylinidae; Tephritidae; biological control; pupation; soil characteristics ID HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; DIPTERA; ANT; PREDATORS AB In central Veracruz State, Mexico. tephritid fruit fly pupae are commonly attacked by ants, staphylinid beetles, and other predators. Excavations in 2 sites with different soil characteristics revealed that Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae typically burrowed no >2 cm before pupating and rarely burrowed >5 cm. At 4 field sites, pupae of the most commonly encountered local Anastrepha sp. (A. obliqua, ludens, and striata or fraterculus) were placed on the soil surface and at depths of 2.5 and 5 cm and were subsequently sampled daily for 10 d. Pupae on the surface invariably disappeared at a greater rate than those under the surface. There wits no difference in the disappearance rate of pupae buried at 2.5 and 5 cm, suggesting that larvae would gain no benefit by pupating at depths below those encountered in nature. The rate of disappearance of the buried pupae differed considerably among the sites. At the end of the sampling period the proportion of pupae remaining ranged from 15 to 70%. Differences in the species of predators present and Boil characteristics may have contributed to these differences in disappearance Pupae disappeared at the highest rate in a site with dry loose soil. It was lowest in sites with damp clay soils characterized by fine particle size and small interparticle spaces. C1 Int Inst Biol Control, Ascot SL5 9PY, Berks, England. Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Inst Ecol AC, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Hodgson, PJ (reprint author), Int Inst Biol Control, Silwood Pk, Ascot SL5 9PY, Berks, England. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1310 EP 1314 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 156XE UT WOS:000078027000004 ER PT J AU French, BW Elliott, NC Berberet, RC AF French, BW Elliott, NC Berberet, RC TI Reverting conservation reserve program lands to wheat and livestock production: Effects on ground beetle (Coleoptera : Carabidae) assemblages SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carabidae; insect predators; biological control; Conservation Reserve Program; tillage; wheat ID POLYPHAGOUS PREDATORS; PITFALL TRAPS; RHOPALOSIPHUM-PADI; TILLAGE; POPULATIONS; GRASSLANDS; ARTHROPODS; CROP; CORN; COL AB Highly erodible lands enrolled in the Conservation Reserve Program soon will revert to agricultural production. This study was designed to determine the effects of reversion of Conservation Reserve Program lands to wheat and livestock production on ground beetle assemblages. Reversion strategies included no reversion of Conservation Reserve Program grass (unmanaged bluestem), simulated grazing of Conservation Reserve Program grass (managed bluestem), minimum-tillage practices for wheat production, and no-tillage practices for wheat production. A randomized block experimental design was established with 4 replicates. More ground beetles were captured in pitfall traps in 1995 than in 1996, and abundances within years differed among reversion strategies. Of the 73 ground beetle species collected, 9 species accounted for 61.7% of total abundance. Abundances of these 9 species differed with respect to reversion strategy. Species diversity and evenness differed among the reversion strategies in 1995, but only evenness differed in 1996. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that annual and monthly variation were the predominant factors in separating ground beetle assemblages. Lack of rainfall may have accounted for a large portion of differences in abundances between years. A partial canonical correspondence analysis showed that simulated grazing and no-tillage wheal were the predominant reversion strategies in separating ground beetle assemblages. These treatments represent disturbance levels intermediate to unmanaged bluestem and minimum-tillage wheat. C1 USDA ARS, SPA, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP French, BW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SPA, Plant Sci Res Lab, 1301 N Western, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1323 EP 1335 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 156XE UT WOS:000078027000006 ER PT J AU Thorpe, KW AF Thorpe, KW TI Relationship of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) egg mass age to persistence and color, and an evaluation of two methods to distinguish new and old egg masses SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; egg mass; sampling; color; persistence ID SAMPLING PLANS; FOREST EDGE; POPULATIONS; DENSITY AB It is necessary to distinguish new and old gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), egg masses when conducting gypsy moth population surveys. Egg masses within reach from the ground are touched to determine if they contain unhatched eggs and thus are considered new. The following 2 methods are used for egg masses not within reach: (1) visual discrimination between new and old egg masses or (2) by calculating the percentage of new egg masses at ground level and using this value to adjust counts of all egg masses not within reach. To evaluate these methods, egg-mass persistence and color between generations, the percentage of new and old egg masses at ground level and in the canopy, the ability of observers to visually distinguish new and old egg masses, and the effect of errors on the accuracy of estimates of the percentage of new egg masses was examined. Fifty-five percent of exposed new egg masses studied were still at least 25% intact at the time of the following year's egg-mass survey. However, the color of the egg masses was markedly lighter. providing a mechanism for visually distinguishing new and old egg masses. When egg masses are visually distinguished as new or old with an error rate >0, the resulting estimate of the percent new egg masses is usually biased. The magnitude of the bias varies with the rate of error and the actual percentage of new egg masses in the population and can result in serious reductions in the accuracy of these estimates. in a field evaluation, new egg masses were incorrectly classified as old 16% of the time and old egg masses were incorrectly classified as new 16% of the time. Because it is unbiased, use of the ratio method to estimate the percentage of new egg masses is recommended whenever 10 or more egg masses are within reach from the ground. C1 ARS, USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Thorpe, KW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Bldg 306,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1452 EP 1462 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 156XE UT WOS:000078027000021 ER PT J AU Yaninek, JS Mecevand, B Ojo, B Cudjoe, AR Abole, E Onzo, A Zannou, I AF Yaninek, JS Mecevand, B Ojo, B Cudjoe, AR Abole, E Onzo, A Zannou, I TI Establishment and spread of Typhlodromalus manihoti (Acari : Phytoseiidae), an introduced phytoseiid predator of Mononychellus tanajoa (Acari : Tetranychidae) in Africa SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Typhlodrolmalus manihoti; Mononychellus tanajoa; cassava; biological control; establishment; spread ID CASSAVA GREEN MITE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; BONDAR ACARI; DYNAMICS; REPRODUCTION; DISPERSAL; LOCATION; URTICAE AB The phytoseiid predator Typhlodromalus manihoti Moraes was introduced into the cassava belt of Africa from South America against the exotic mite pest Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar) beginning in 1988. The 1st population to become established was released in 1989. Establishments are now found in Benin, Burundi, Ghana, and Nigeria where they cover an area estimated at +300 km(2). T. manihoti dispersed at a rate of 3.3 km/yr, spreading 5 times faster during the dry compared with the wet season and in proportion to the frequency of surrounding cassava fields. Populations of T. manihoti fluctuated with the seasonal abundance of M. tanajoa. Established populations of T. manihoti comprised a quarter of the phytoseiids found on cassava with a higher proportion present during the dry season. T. manihoti was recovered from 12 species of plants including 5 Euphorbiaceae in addition to cassava. Evidence of T. manihoti establishment in only part of the cassava belt suggests the search for other natural enemies of M. tanajoa in Africa should continue. C1 Minist Food & Agr, Plant Protect & Regulatory Serv Dept, Accra, Ghana. Univ Cape Coast, Sch Agr, Cape Coast, Ghana. Int Inst Trop Agr, Div Plant Hlth Management, Benin City, Nigeria. RP Yaninek, JS (reprint author), USDA, CSREES, Room 837,Aerosp Bldg,901 D St SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 47 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1496 EP 1505 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 156XE UT WOS:000078027000027 ER PT J AU James, RR Croft, BA Shaffer, BT Lighthart, B AF James, RR Croft, BA Shaffer, BT Lighthart, B TI Impact of temperature and humidity on host-pathogen interactions between Beauveria bassiana and a coccinellid SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Hippodamia convergens; temperature; relative humidity; biological control; microbial pesticides ID LADY BEETLE COLEOPTERA; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; FUNGI; FIELD; PROPHENOLOXIDASE; ENTOMOPHTHORALES; LEPIDOPTERA; ORTHOPTERA AB We tested the effect of 2 exposure methods and environmental factors, temperature and humidity, on Beauveria bassiana (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) mycosis in Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). We found that the standard EPA bioassay method of exposing nontarget insects by immersion resulted in a per-insect dose that was 5 times greater than that from spray applications. However, this difference did not significantly affect mycosis levels in a simulation of field applications conducted in the greenhouse, in contrast, differences in environmental conditions between the laboratory and greenhouse had a large effect on mycosis. Constant temperatures between 15 and 3.5 degrees C had a significant effect on both germination rate and vegetative growth of B bassiana, with the fastest germination occurring at 25-32 degrees C and the fastest growth occurring at 30 degrees C. Although temperature affected the rate of conidial germination, total germination eventually reached 97-100% at all temperatures. Contrary to these results, levels of mycosis in lady beetles decreased as temperatures increased over this same range, Although high levels of humidity are required for conidial germination, we found no well-defined threshold period of high humidity exposure required for mycosis in this insect. In other words, the effects of temperature and humidity on free-living stages of the pathogen are not sufficient to explain the effect of these factors on mycosis. We suggest that temperature and humidity also affect physiological interactions between the host and pathogen. C1 ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Entomol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP James, RR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 36 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1506 EP 1513 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 156XE UT WOS:000078027000028 ER PT J AU Taylor, DB Szalanski, AL Adams, BJ Peterson, RD AF Taylor, DB Szalanski, AL Adams, BJ Peterson, RD TI Susceptibility of house fly (Diptera : Muscidae) larvae to entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida : Heterorhabditidae, Steinernematidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Musca domestica; biological control; feedlot; entomopathogenic nematodes ID INSECT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; BREEDING FLIES DIPTERA; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; MANURE; HELIOTHIDIS; INFECTIVITY; TESTS AB The potential for entomopathogenic nematodes to control flies in cattle feedlots was determined by screening 40 strains representing 8 species of Heterorhabditis Poinar and 5 species of Steinernema Travassos for virulence toward 3rd-instar house flies (maggots), Musca domestica L. None of the 22 strains of Heterorhabidits infecting maggots caused significant levels of mortality in a filter paper assay. Ten strains of Steinernema infected maggots. of which 7 strains (4 S. carpocapsae (Weiser), 2 S. feltiae (Filipjev), and 1 S. scapterisci Nguyen & Smart) caused significant mortality, Ten Heterorhabditis strains and 10 Steinernema strains successfully reproduced for greater than or equal to 2 generations in maggots. No difference was observed between 72-h survival of maggots and adult emergence. Six strains of Steinernema were selected for 10 generations on maggots and then compared with unselected Lines. No difference in pathogenicity between selected and unselected lines was observed Two strains of S. feltiae, SN and UNK-36, and 2 of the best Heterorhabditis strains, H. bacteriophora Poinar OSWEGO and H. megidis Poinar, Jackson & Klein HF-85 were tested in a fresh bovine manure substrate. All 4 strains produced significant fly mortality in the manure substrate, although the S. feltiae strains had significantly lower LC50 values than did the Heterorhabditis spp. The most promising strain, S. feltiae SN, gave LC50 and LC99 values of 4 and 84 infective juveniles per maggot, respectively. These doses were equivalent to 2.7 and 55 infective juveniles per grant of manure and 5.1 and 104 infective juveniles per square centimeter of surface area. Infective juveniles capable of infecting greater wax moth larvae Galleria mellonella (L), survived in manure for up to 10 wk without hosts. RP Taylor, DB (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Entomol, Midwest Livestock Insects Res Lab, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RI Adams, Byron/C-3808-2009; Taylor, David/G-6025-2014 OI Adams, Byron/0000-0002-7815-3352; Taylor, David/0000-0002-4378-4867 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1514 EP 1519 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 156XE UT WOS:000078027000029 ER PT J AU Okine, JS Mitchell, ER Carpenter, J Hu, GY AF Okine, JS Mitchell, ER Carpenter, J Hu, GY TI Oviposition response of Cotesia plutellae (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) to sterile and normal diamondback moth (Lepidoptera : Plutellidae) larvae SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plutella xylostella; parasitoid; biological control; cabbage; insect pest management; spatial dispersion ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; ALLELOCHEMICALS; PARASITISM; MANAGEMENT; RESISTANCE; CABBAGE; HOSTS AB Augmentative release of the endoparasitoid Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) to control diamondback moth. Plutella xylostella (L), in cabbage, Brassica oleracea variety capitata (L.), would be expensive for growers if done continually during a growing season. A method for establishing released parasitoids would be very beneficial in the control of this pest. One method under consideration is to use sterile diamondback moth larvae deposited on 'nursery' collard plants as hosts for C. plutellae to allow the parasitoid to build up in numbers and spread into adjacent cabbage fields. Therefore, the ability of C. plutellae to accept and develop successfully in normal and sterile diamondback larvae was evaluated. C. plutellae does not discriminate between normal larvae and larvae from parents sterilized by gamma radiation, and both sets of larvae sen ed as suitable hosts for the parasitoid. Parasitism, foliage consumption, and survivorship were similar for the 2 types of larvae. Adult female F-1 parasitoids developed from sterile diamondback larvae were as at as those from normal larvae. In laboratory bioassays, sterile and normal diamondback larvae traversed similar distances before pupation. Field cage assays showed less distance traversed by both types of larvae compared with the laboratory studies. Survivorship for both types of larvae was very low under field conditions. Results indicate that sterile diamondback moth larvae are acceptable hosts for C. plutellae and suggest that the nursery approach toward establishment and build up of numbers would be a viable approach to in-field production of the parasitoid with little chance for harm to nearby cabbage because of spread of sterile larvae from the nursery plants. This approach could be a cost effective way to augment naturally occurring parasitoids and predators in diamondback moth management programs. C1 ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Okine, JS (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1520 EP 1524 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 156XE UT WOS:000078027000030 ER PT J AU Bruck, DJ Lewis, LC AF Bruck, DJ Lewis, LC TI Influence of adjacent cornfield habitat, trap location, and trap height on capture numbers of predators and a parasitoid of the European corn borer (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) in central Iowa SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Macrocentrus grandii; coccinellids; natural enemies; sticky traps ID MACROCENTRUS-GRANDII HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; COCCINELLIDAE; COLEOPTERA; GOIDANICH; BEHAVIOR; HOST AB The influence of adjacent habitats, trap location, and trap height on capture numbers of predators and a parasitoid were monitored in Iowa cornfields using insect traps (Gempler's(TM), AM No-Bait). Traps were fastened to a single wood lathe (122 by 3.8 by 1.3 cm) with wire ties at and 1 m above ground level Traps at the 2 heights were placed in corn and their adjacent habitat. The adjacent habitat consisted of 1 of 3 types-herbaceous, wooded, and inter-mediate. Adjacent habitat did not significantly influence the number of Macrocentrus grand Goidanich (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) captured but did influence the capture of Coleomegilla maculata (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) with increased captures from fields with the herbaceous and intermediate habitats. Distance that traps were placed in corn and trap height significantly influenced numbers of M. grandii and C. maculata captured. Significantly more M. grandii and C. maculata were captured from traps 11 m into corn than from traps 2.5 m into corn or in the adjacent habitat. Capture rates of M grandii also were significantly higher on traps 1 m above ground. Data from this research indicate that M. grandii is synchronized with its host, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), in central Iowa. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, USDA, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bruck, DJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1557 EP 1562 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 156XE UT WOS:000078027000035 ER PT J AU Jones, WA Greenberg, SM AF Jones, WA Greenberg, SM TI Suitability of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) instars for the parasitoid Eretmocerus mundus (Hymenoptera : Aphelinidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eretmocerus mundus; Bemisia argentifolii; host instar; mortality; survival; development ID TABACI AB Studies were conducted to assess the suitability of nymphal instars of Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring [=sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius),Biotype B] attacked by Eretmocerus mundus Mercet. Host mortality, parasitoid survival, development time, and progeny longevity were recorded. E. mundus parasitized all instars; however, 2nd instars had the highest percentage of parasitism (66.4%) and the late 4th instars (red-eyed nymphs) the lowest (8.6%). Second instars exhibited the highest proportion of host mortality and parasitoid survival. The greatest rate of parasitoid emergence (93.8%) was from 2nd-instar hosts; the lowest emergence (35.7%) was from late 4th-instar hosts. Parasitoid development was longest when parasitized in the 1st instar (16.3 d). The longevity of unfed female progeny that emerged from hosts attacked in the 2nd instar was significantly greater (2.6 d) than those from late 4th instars (1.5 d).When E. mundus parasitized 1st or 2nd instars, the parasitoid can be referred as a koinobiont, because after parasitization, the host continues to feed, grow, and develop. However, when E. mundus parasitized 3rd or 4th instar nymphs, they evidently stop development (idiobiont). C1 ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Jones, WA (reprint author), ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 19 TC 28 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1569 EP 1573 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 156XE UT WOS:000078027000037 ER PT J AU Jatoi, A Lennon, C O'Brien, M Booth, SL Sadowski, J Mason, JB AF Jatoi, A Lennon, C O'Brien, M Booth, SL Sadowski, J Mason, JB TI Protein-calorie malnutrition does not predict subtle vitamin K depletion in hospitalized patients SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE phylloquinone; protein-calorie malnutrition; vitamin K ID TOTAL DIET; PHYLLOQUINONE; PLASMA; DEFICIENCY; NUTRITION AB Objective: Recent studies suggest that subtle vitamin K depletion has far-reaching consequences. As this entity is not associated with prothrombin time elevation, it is important to determine whether alternate methods can help identify it. We investigated subtle vitamin K depletion in a hospital setting and determined whether protein-calorie malnutrition predicts its presence. Design, setting, subjects: Using a high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay of plasma phylloquinone and a food frequency questionnaire for phylloquinone intake, we examined the phylloquinone status of 27 hospitalized patients with normal coagulation parameters, no liver disease, and no recent warfarin use. We assessed protein-calorie nutritional status with Reilly's criteria and anthropometrics. Results: 51% of patients (95% Cl = 31% to 70%) had evidence of subtle vitamin K depletion as defined by a subnormal plasma phylloquinone concentration. Patients whose phylloquinone intake was less than the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) over the preceding year had lower plasma phylloquinone concentrations when compared to other patients: median (range) 0.106 nmol/l (0.022-0.461) versus 0.301 nmol/l (0.067-3.928), respectively (P = 0.023). Plasma phylloquinone concentrations were no different, however, between well-nourished and malnourished patients: median (range) 0.245 nmol/l (0.022-0.522) versus 0.188 nmol/l (0.067-3.928), respectively (P = 0.782). Conclusions: Subtle vitamin K depletion is common among hospitalized patients and protein-calorie malnutrition does not predict its presence. C1 New England Med Ctr, Adult Nutr Support Serv, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Div Clin Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Jatoi, A (reprint author), 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 52 IS 12 BP 934 EP 937 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600670 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 149UC UT WOS:000077623300011 PM 9881890 ER PT J AU Peck, SL Ellner, SP Gould, F AF Peck, SL Ellner, SP Gould, F TI A spatially explicit stochastic model demonstrates the feasibility of Wright's Shifting Balance Theory SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE diffusion approximation; Sewall Wright; shifting-balance theory; stochastic simulation models; substructured populations ID POPULATION; EXTINCTION; PHASE-3 AB Recently there has been a resurgence of theoretical papers exploring Wright's Shifting Balance Theory (SBT) of evolution. The SET explains how traits which must pass through an adaptive valley may evolve in substructured populations. It has been suggested that Phase III of the SET (the spread of new advantageous traits through the populations) proceeds only under a very restricted set of conditions. We show that Phase III can proceed under a much broader set of conditions in models that properly incorporate a key feature of Wright's theory: local, random migration of discrete individuals. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Grad Program Biomath, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Peck, SL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Trop Fruit & Vegetable Res Lab, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM sp@aloha.net; ellner@eos.ncsu.edu; fgould@unity.ncsu.edu NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD DEC PY 1998 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1834 EP 1839 DI 10.2307/2411353 PG 6 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 157TA UT WOS:000078076700026 ER PT J AU Birch, CJ Vos, J Kiniry, J Bos, HJ Elings, A AF Birch, CJ Vos, J Kiniry, J Bos, HJ Elings, A TI Phyllochron responds to acclimation to temperature and irradiance in maize SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE acclimation; irradiance; leaf appearance; maize; modeling; phyllochron; sorghum; Sorghum bicolor; temperature; Zea mays ID CORN GROWTH-RESPONSE; TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; TASSEL INITIATION; LEAF EMERGENCE; CERES-MAIZE; ZEA-MAYS; PHOTOPERIOD; NUMBER; MODEL AB Crop models need accurate simulation of leaf canopy development. Thermal interval for leaf tip appearance (phyllochron) is critical for predicting duration of vegetative development. Phyllochron in maize is shorter in temperate than in tropical and subtropical environments. As existing data has been evaluated in a narrow range of environments, underlying mechanisms that affect phyllochron have not been adequately examined. The objectives of this study were to quantify the response of phyllochron to environmental variables and determine its stability across maize cultivars, to aid modelers in developing tools which accurately predict phenology. Maize was grown in field experiments at Wageningen, The Netherlands, Temple, Texas, USA, and three sites in Mexico, and in controlled environments at Wageningen. The experiment at Temple included grain sorghum and shading treatments to alter irradiance of the crop. Detailed data on leaf production and environmental conditions were collected. These data were combined with published data from held studies. Maize phyllochron acclimated to temperature and increased as mean daily temperature before tassel initiation increased from 12.5 to 25.5 degrees C, and increased in maize and sorghum in response to low irradiance. Temperature was the dominant influence, with phyllochron increasing by 1.7 degrees Cd per degrees C increase in daily mean temperature, as daily mean temperature before tassel initiation increased from 12.5 to 25.5 degrees C, and declined or remained constant when mean daily temperature before tassel initiation exceeded 25.5 degrees C. Only small differences in phyllochron occurred among cultivars. Phyllochron increased by 2-4 degrees Cd MJ(-1) photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) as irradiance decreased from 9.6 to 1.1 MJ PARm(-2) day(-1). (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Queensland, Gatton Coll, Gatton, Qld 4345, Australia. Wageningen Univ Agr, Wageningen, Netherlands. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. RP Birch, CJ (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Gatton Coll, Gatton, Qld 4345, Australia. EM c.birch@mailbox.uq.edu.au OI Vos, Jan/0000-0001-9614-628X NR 39 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 59 IS 3 BP 187 EP 200 DI 10.1016/S0378-4290(98)00120-8 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 153DU UT WOS:000077818500005 ER PT J AU Nielsen, JL AF Nielsen, JL TI Scientific sampling effects: Electrofishing California's endangered fish populations SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; AIR EXPOSURE; ELECTROSHOCK AB Standard methods used by biologists around the world for sampling fish populations and determining fish and habitat relationships primarily involve electrofishing. With the recent listings of mining fish and habitat relationships primarily involve electrofishing. with the recent listings of coastal salmon and steelhead as threatened or endangered, one must ask how electrofishing-induced injury to fish in rare populations relates to "take" under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Issues related to electrofishing are under discussion in California as federal and state agencies determine how to approach permitting for monitoring and research activities in rivers containing protected fish populations. Many problems have been discussed in the literature based on short- and long-term injury to individual fish from different forms of electrofishing. To date no standard approach for this technology exists that will allow effective surveys without probable injury to some portion of the fish population. How electrofishing injuries made at the individual fish level translate into population effects has not been adequately studied. In many areas of central and southern California, however, where the numbers of salmon and trout can be very small, and effective population size is frequently less than 25 breeding pairs, accumulated effects due to electrofishing may be significant. This paper reviews the electrofishing literature published during the last nine years. Based on this review and personal experience, I belie iie fisheries biologists frequently electrofish without considering potential harm or alternative methods. Therefore, I suggest the American Fisheries Society (AFS) develop a set of guidelines for least-invasive sampling methodologies, and adopt a policy on the ethical use of electrofishing for use by federal or state agencies to regulate all electrofishing activities in habitats containing wild fish. I believe other noninvasive study methods should be required in areas where it can be shown that electrofishing may significantly reduce a population's ability to persist. C1 Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Nielsen, JL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. NR 50 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD DEC PY 1998 VL 23 IS 12 BP 6 EP 12 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(1998)023<0006:SSEECE>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 145AY UT WOS:000077349800002 ER PT J AU Thomas, DB AF Thomas, DB TI A new species of Chlorocoris (Heteroptera : Pentatomidae) from Jamaica SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Pentatomidae; stink bug; taxonomy; Jamaica ID HEMIPTERA AB A new subgenus and new species of Chlorocoris is described from the Caribbean island of Jamaica. This is the first species of this genus reported from the Antilles. The species is remarkable for an unusually enlarged metatarsus in males and the angulate apex of the femora. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Thomas, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2301 S Int Blvd, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 81 IS 4 BP 483 EP 488 DI 10.2307/3495946 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 154UA UT WOS:000077906500002 ER PT J AU Robacker, DC Martinez, AJ Garcia, JA Bartelt, RJ AF Robacker, DC Martinez, AJ Garcia, JA Bartelt, RJ TI Volatiles attractive to the Mexican fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) from eleven bacteria taxa SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha ludens; attractants; bacteria; amines; acetic acid; solid phase microextraction (SPME) ID ANASTREPHA-LUDENS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; FLIES; FERMENTATION AB Filtrates of 11 bacteria representing 4 higher taxonomic categories were attractive to Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in laboratory bioassays. All bacterial filtrates were more attractive at pH 9 than at pH 5 although filtrates at pH 5 were more attractive than water controls. The effects of pH on attractiveness of filtrates were consistent with an hypothesis that attractive principals of bacterial filtrates were various nitrogen-containing compounds and carboxylic acids that became more volatile at specific pH's resulting in increased attractiveness. Volatiles produced by the bacteria were sampled by solid-phase microextraction and identified by GC and CC-MS. Attractive principals identified were ammonia, aliphatic amines, pyrazines, imines, and acetic acid. Relative amounts of most of the chemicals were not closely tied to bacteria taxonomy. C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA, Mission Biol Control Ctr, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Mission, TX 78573 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Robacker, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2301 S Int Blvd, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 81 IS 4 BP 497 EP 508 DI 10.2307/3495948 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 154UA UT WOS:000077906500004 ER PT J AU Hu, GY Mitchell, ER Sieglaff, DH Okine, JS AF Hu, GY Mitchell, ER Sieglaff, DH Okine, JS TI Field production of two species of parasitoids of the diamondback moth (Lepidoptera : Plutellidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Plutella xylostella; Cotesia plutellae; Diadegma insulare; biological control; parasitism; cabbage ID INSULARE HYMENOPTERA; MATING DISRUPTION; CABBAGE; ICHNEUMONIDAE; RESISTANCE; COLLARDS; VIRGINIA AB Two species of parasitoids, Cotesia plutellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Diadegma insulare (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), were colonized in cages in cabbage fields west of Bunnell, Florida, from November 1996 to February 1997. Two kinds of cages were used: large-screened cages and screened laundry hampers. Both parasitoids attacked their host during the winter, completed development within the host, and increased in numbers within field cages. Parasitism of diamondback moth larvae by C. plutellae was 36-42% in laundry hampers, and 35-65% in large screened cages. The sex ratio of emerging C. plutellae was 1:1-1.2 (female:male) in laundry hampers and 1:0.8-1.3 in large screened cages. Parasitism of diamondback moth larvae by D. insulare was 55-90%, parasitoid adults emerged from 89% of the cocoons, and the sex ratio was 1:1.4-2.1 (female:male) in large screened cages. The results showed that it is possible to rear these parasitoids in field nursery cages to provide parasitoid sources for release to control diamondback moth in cabbage in Florida. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Hu, GY (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 81 IS 4 BP 526 EP 534 DI 10.2307/3495951 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 154UA UT WOS:000077906500007 ER PT J AU Meagher, RL Frank, JH AF Meagher, RL Frank, JH TI Larra bicolor (Hymenoptera : Sphecidae : Larrinae) collected in pheromone- and phenylacetaldehyde-baited traps SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID SWEET CORN; LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE; LURES C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Meagher, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 81 IS 4 BP 555 EP 556 DI 10.2307/3495957 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 154UA UT WOS:000077906500013 ER PT J AU Meagher, RL Mitchell, ER AF Meagher, RL Mitchell, ER TI Phenylacetaldehyde enhances upwind flight of male fall armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) to its sex pheromone SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CABBAGE-LOOPER MOTHS; FLORAL COMPOUNDS; IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEM; TRAPS C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Meagher, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 EI 1938-5102 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 81 IS 4 BP 556 EP 559 DI 10.2307/3495958 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 154UA UT WOS:000077906500014 ER PT J AU Menezes, E Sivinski, J Holler, T Aluja, M Jeronimo, F Ramirez, E AF Menezes, E Sivinski, J Holler, T Aluja, M Jeronimo, F Ramirez, E TI Development of Coptera haywardi (Hymenoptera : Diapriidae) in irradiated and unirradiated pupae of the Caribbean Fruit fly and the Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID DIACHASMIMORPHA-LONGICAUDATA; ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. USDA, APHIS, Gainesville Plant Protect Stn, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. Inst Ecol, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. USDA, APHIS, Guatemala City, Guatemala. MOSCAMED, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RP Menezes, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 81 IS 4 BP 567 EP 570 DI 10.2307/3495961 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 154UA UT WOS:000077906500017 ER PT J AU Sieglaff, DH Mitchell, ER Hu, GY AF Sieglaff, DH Mitchell, ER Hu, GY TI Evaluation of rearing methods for Diadegma insulare (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae), an endoparasitoid of the diamondback moth (Lepidoptera : Plutellidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID PARASITISM; CABBAGE C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sieglaff, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 81 IS 4 BP 578 EP 582 DI 10.2307/3495964 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 154UA UT WOS:000077906500020 ER PT J AU Shelby, RA Bridgman, RC Smith, FT Atigadda, VR AF Shelby, RA Bridgman, RC Smith, FT Atigadda, VR TI Determination of ergovaline in tall fescue by a specific monoclonal antibody SO FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Neotyphodium coenophialum; Acremonium coenophialum; fescue toxicosis; endophyte ID ERGOT ALKALOIDS; ENDOPHYTE AB A monoclonal antibody (EV5B3) was developed using a conjugate of ergovaline and bovine serum albumin linked at the indole N(1) of the ergovaline molecule. This resulted in an antibody specific for the distal cyclol peptide moiety of ergovaline. As a result the antibody was specific for ergot peptide alkaloids having an isopropyl group, at the C(5') position of the peptide. in a competitive indirect ELISA (CI-ELISA) the antibody could be used to detect ergovaline in plant material down to 16 ng g(-1), and the assay was highly correlated with the standard HPLC method of detection for this compound. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Hybridoma Lab, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Pharmacol Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Shelby, RA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Res Lab, 2199 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0954-0105 J9 FOOD AGR IMMUNOL JI Food Agric. Immunol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 10 IS 4 BP 339 EP 347 DI 10.1080/09540109809354997 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Immunology; Toxicology GA 148ZE UT WOS:000077564300005 ER PT J AU Ming, R Liu, SC Lin, YR da Silva, J Wilson, W Braga, D van Deynze, A Wenslaff, TF Wu, KK Moore, PH Burnquist, W Sorrells, ME Irvine, JE Paterson, AH AF Ming, R Liu, SC Lin, YR da Silva, J Wilson, W Braga, D van Deynze, A Wenslaff, TF Wu, KK Moore, PH Burnquist, W Sorrells, ME Irvine, JE Paterson, AH TI Detailed alignment of Saccharum and Sorghum chromosomes: Comparative organization of closely related diploid and polyploid genomes SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; PLANT HEIGHT; RFLP MAP; IDENTIFICATION; SPONTANEUM; SUGARCANE; ANDROPOGONEAE; CONSTRUCTION; OFFICINARUM AB The complex polyploid genomes of three Saccharum species have been aligned with the compact diploid genome of Sorghum (2n = 2x = 20). A set of 428 DNA probes from different Poaceae (grasses) detected 2460 loci in F-1 progeny of the crosses Saccharum officinarum Green German X S. spontaneum IND 81-146, and S. spontaneum PIN 84-1 X S. officinarum Muntok Java. Thirty-one DNA probes detected 226 loci in S. officinarum LA Purple X S. robustum Molokai 5829. Genetic maps of the six Saccharum genotypes, including up to 72 linkage groups, were assembled into "homologous groups" based on parallel arrangements of duplicated loci. About 84% of the loci mapped by 242 common probes were homologous between Saccharum and Sorghum. Only one interchromosomal and two intrachromosomal rearrangements differentiated both S. officinarum and S. spontaneum from Sorghum, but 11 additional cases of chromosome structural polymorphism were found within Saccharum. Diploidization was advanced in S. robustum, incipient in S. officinarum, and absent in S. spontaneum, consistent with biogeographic data suggesting that S. robustum is the ancestor of S. officinarum, but raising new questions about the antiquity of S. spontaneum. The densely mapped Sorghum genome will be a valuable tool in ongoing molecular analysis of the complex Saccharum genome. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Biometry, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Copersucar Technol Ctr, BR-13400 Sao Paulo, Brazil. ARS, USDA, Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Paterson, AH (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. OI Lin, Yann-rong/0000-0001-6833-8276 NR 38 TC 156 Z9 176 U1 1 U2 6 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD DEC PY 1998 VL 150 IS 4 BP 1663 EP 1682 PG 20 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 145ZA UT WOS:000077401300029 PM 9832541 ER PT J AU Sommerfeld, RA Knight, CA Laird, SK AF Sommerfeld, RA Knight, CA Laird, SK TI Comment on "Diffusion of HNO3 in ice" - Reply SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Sommerfeld, RA (reprint author), USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 1 PY 1998 VL 25 IS 23 BP 4391 EP 4392 DI 10.1029/1998GL900154 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 143XG UT WOS:000077282400040 ER PT J AU Maruyama, K Potts, WJE Bacon, WL Nestor, KE AF Maruyama, K Potts, WJE Bacon, WL Nestor, KE TI Modeling turkey growth with the relative growth rate SO GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND AGING LA English DT Article DE turkey; growth curve; relative; growth rate ID LONG-TERM SELECTION; PROTEIN-TURNOVER; BODY-WEIGHT; JAPANESE-QUAIL; SOMATIC GROWTH; CURVE ANALYSIS; CHICKENS; PARAMETERS; MUSCLE; GENETICS AB Six sigmoidal growth curves and two growth curves derived from a two-phase relative growth rate model were evaluated, using an experimental body-weight data from male and female turkeys of two genetic lines; a fast-growing (F) line and a randombred control (RBC) line from which the F line was developed. When their root mean square error was compared to the root mean square error of the local regression smoother, all sigmoidal growth curves: the logistic, Gompertz, von Bertalanffy, Richards, Weibull, and Morgan-Mercer-Flodin growth curves demonstrated a lack of fit. The primary source of the systematic lack of fit was identified with nonparametric estimates of the relative growth rate (the growth rate as a fraction of the body weight) of 20 turkeys. When the relative growth rate was estimated from the above sigmoidal growth curves, none could accommodate features of the nonparametric estimates of the relative growth rate. Based on the feature of the relative growth rate, two new growth curves were derived from a segmented two-phase model. Both models, in which the relative growth rate decreases in two linear phases with slopes of beta(1) and beta(2) joined together at time=kappa, gave growth curves that fit the experimental data acceptably. The linear-linear model with the smooth transition rendered better fit over the model with the abrupt transition. When the growth curves of male and female turkeys were compared, beta(1), beta(2), and kappa were smaller in males. When the F line was compared to the RBC line, beta(1) and kappa were smaller and beta(2) was closer to zero, indicating that the relative growth rate declined rapidly until about 61 days of age in the F line, while it declined less rapidly until about 71 days of age in the RBC line. C1 USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Biomet Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Anim Sci, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Maruyama, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 7 PU GROWTH PUBLISHING CO INC PI HULLS COVE PA PO BOX 205, HULLS COVE, ME 04644-0205 USA SN 1041-1232 J9 GROWTH DEVELOP AGING JI Growth Dev. Aging PD WIN PY 1998 VL 62 IS 4 BP 123 EP 139 PG 17 WC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 186CU UT WOS:000079710000001 PM 10219703 ER PT J AU Fennimore, SA Nyquist, WE Shaner, GE Myers, SP Foley, ME AF Fennimore, SA Nyquist, WE Shaner, GE Myers, SP Foley, ME TI Temperature response in wild oat (Avena fatua L.) generations segregating for seed dormancy SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE Avena fatua; genotype-environment interaction; germination temperature; heritability; joint scaling; seed dormancy ID HERITABILITY AB Crosses between parents with high and low levels of seed dormancy ill wild oat were used to produce F-1, F-2 and backcross populations. Germination phenotypes were determined by imbibing all populations at 15 and 20 degrees C. Rapid germination of genetically more dormant generations was favoured at the lower temperature, i.e. a generation by germination temperature interaction was observed. Evidence that dominance shifted from early germination at 15 degrees C to late germination at 20 degrees C is presented. Epistatic gene action may have been detected at 20 degrees C but not at 15 degrees C. Cumulative germination percentages of F-1 caryopses imbibed at 10, 15, 20 and 25 degrees C revealed an inverse relationship between germination rate and temperature. The narrow-sense family heritability of the seed dormancy phenotype of F-7 recombinant inbred lines pcr se was h(f,F=1)(2) = 0.75 with exact confidence limits of 0.64 and 0.83, Six factors were estimated to be segregating between the dormant and nondormant parents. Genotype by germination temperature interactions may play an adaptive role that allows wild oat to persist in diverse ecosystems. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Fennimore, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Salinas, USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. EM safennimore@ucdavis.edu NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD DEC PY 1998 VL 81 BP 674 EP 682 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2540.1998.00431.x PN 6 PG 9 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 153ZC UT WOS:000077862700010 ER PT J AU Spiers, JM AF Spiers, JM TI Establishment and early growth and yield of 'Gulfcoast' southern highbush blueberry SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vaccinium hybrid; small fruits; irrigation; mulching ID RABBITEYE BLUEBERRIES; IRRIGATION; ROOT AB In a field study, 'Gulfcoast' southern highbush blueberry plants were subjected to irrigation [7.5 L (low) or 30 L per week (high)], mulching (none or 15 cm depth), row height (level or raised 15 cm), and soil-incorporated peatmoss (none or 15 L in each planting hole) treatments, in a factorial arrangement, at establishment, Plants were grown on a well-drained fine sandy loam soil that contained < 1.0% organic matter. Plant volume and fruit yield were greater with mulching, high irrigation, incorporated peatmoss, and level beds. Plants grown with the combination of mulching, level beds, incorporated peatmoss, and high irrigation levels yielded 2.4 kg per plant or approximately eight times as much as plants grown without mulch, with raised beds, without peatmoss, and with the low rate of irrigation. Of the four establishment practices evaluated, mulching had the greatest influence on plant growth and fruiting. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Spiers, JM (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1998 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1138 EP 1140 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 146BJ UT WOS:000077407100010 ER PT J AU Thompson, TE AF Thompson, TE TI Soluble solids concentrations in pecan liquid endosperm of several pecan clones SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Carya illinoinensis; Brix; fruit; seed AB Variability in soluble solids concentration (SSC, degrees Brix) in liquid endosperm (LE) among individual pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] fruits and among fruits from different trees and cultivars using a sugar refractometer was determined at College Station, Texas, in 1997. Repeatability of readings from LE from the same fruit was excellent. Fruits from the same tree did not vary for SSC, but significant differences among clones were common. Soluble solids concentration appears to decrease as the fruit matures. The SSC values for two full-sib clones tone susceptible to water split and one resistant to water split) were similar. This information discounts the possibility that high osmotic water potential gradients alone induce the water split phenomenon. A wide-range of SSC percents was recorded. A low of 0.5% was recorded for LE from a 'Houma' fruit, while 6.1% was recorded for LE from a fruit from a drought-stressed 'Burkett' tree. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. RP Thompson, TE (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Route 2,Box 133, Somerville, TX 77879 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1998 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1145 EP 1146 PG 2 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 146BJ UT WOS:000077407100012 ER PT J AU Teasdale, JR Abdul-Baki, AA AF Teasdale, JR Abdul-Baki, AA TI Comparison of mixtures vs. monocultures of cover crops for fresh-market tomato production with and without herbicide SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hairy vetch; crimson clover rye; Lycopersicon esculentum; Vicia villosa; Trifolium incarnatum; Secale cereale; nitrogen; C : N ratio; weed ID VETCH-RYE MIXTURE; HAIRY VETCH; KILL DATE; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; BLACK POLYETHYLENE; PRODUCTION SYSTEMS; NITROGEN RELEASE; WEED MANAGEMENT; GROWTH ANALYSIS; SECALE-CEREALE AB Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and rye (Secale cereale L.) and mixtures of rye with hairy vetch and/or crimson clover were compared for no-tillage production of staked, fresh-market tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) on raised beds. All cover crops were evaluated both with or without a postemergence application of metribuzin for weed control. Biomass of cover crop mixtures were higher than that of the hairy vetch monocrop. Cover crop nitrogen content varied little among legume monocrops and all mixtures but was lower in the rye monocrop, The C:N ratio of legume monocrops and all mixtures was <30 bat that of the rye mornocrop was >50, suggesting that nitrogen immobilization probably occurred only in the rye monocrop. Marketable fruit yield was similar in the legume monocrops and all mixtures but was lower in the rye monocrop when weeds were controlled by Metribuzin. When no herbicide was applied, cover crop mixtures reduced weed emergence and biomass compared to the legume monocrops. Despite weed suppression by cover crop mixtures, tomatoes grown in the mixtures without herbicide yielded lower than the corresponding treatments with herbicide in 2 of 3 years. Chemical name used: [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethlylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] (metribuzin). C1 USDA ARS, Weed Sci Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Teasdale, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Weed Sci Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 23 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 24 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1998 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1163 EP 1166 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 146BJ UT WOS:000077407100018 ER PT J AU Fang, J Moore, F Roos, E Walters, C AF Fang, J Moore, F Roos, E Walters, C TI Three-dimensional models represent seed moisture content as a function of relative humidity and temperature SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cucumis sativus; Lactuca sativa; Zea mays; Allium cepa; Pisum; Sativum; Citrullus lanatus ID WATER; ISOTHERMS AB Seed moisture content (MC) has been considered the most important factor controlling physiological reactions in seeds, and NIC: changes with relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T). This relationship is revealed by studying the interaction of RH and T at equilibrium. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus M. & N.) seeds were equilibrated over sulfuric acid (1% RH) and various saturated salt solutions (5.5% to 93% RH) at temperatures from 5 to 50 degrees C. Best-fit subset models were selected from the complete third-order model MC = beta(0) + beta(1)*RH + beta(2)*T + beta(3)*RH2 + beta(4)*T-2 + beta(5)*RH*T + beta(6)*RH3 + beta(7)*T-3 + beta(8)*RH*T-2 + beta(9)*RH2*T, using Mallows' minimum Cp as the selection criterion. All six best subset models (R-2, 0.98 to 0.99) had the same functional form, MC = beta(0) + beta(1)*RH + beta(2)*T + beta(3)*RH2 + beta(5)*RH*T + beta(6)*RH3 + beta(9)RH(2)*T. Coefficients had essentially the same respective values among all species except onion and pea, for which some coefficients were statistically different from those of the other species (P less than or equal to 0.05). All models indicated that seed MC increased as RH increased and decreased as T increased; but RH had the greater influence. The inverse relationship between seed MC and T, although slight, was evident in the response surfaces. The interaction effect of RH and T on MC was significant at P less than or equal to 0.001. These results suggest that orthodox seed species respond similarly to T and RH. This in turn suggests that a common model could be developed and used for optimizing seed storage environments. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Seed Storage Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Roos, E (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Seed Storage Lab, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1998 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1207 EP 1209 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 146BJ UT WOS:000077407100030 ER PT J AU Miller, WR McDonald, RE AF Miller, WR McDonald, RE TI Short-term heat conditioning of grapefruit to alleviate irradiation injury SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Citrus paradisi; market quality; vapor heat; quarantine treatment; postharvest; canopy position ID FLORIDA GRAPEFRUIT; CHILLING INJURY; STORAGE AB 'Marsh' white grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) harvested from exterior canopy positions were less tolerant of 0.5 or 1.0 kGy irradiation than were interior fruit. Irradiation at 0.0, 0.5, or 1.0 kGy resulted in 0.0%, 24.3%, and 37.5% surface pitting of fruit, respectively. Fitting was reduced 30% by temperature conditioning with vapor heat at 38 or 42 degrees C for 2 hours. Exterior canopy fruit had approximate to 2-fold more pitting, had greater weight loss, and were firmer than interior canopy fruit. Fruit weight loss increased and firmness decreased as conditioning temperature and irradiation dose increased. Total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and flavor decreased with increasing irradiation dose. The peel of exterior canopy grapefruit was damaged more by irradiation than was that of interior fruit, but irradiation damage was reduced by temperature conditioning. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. RP Miller, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Res Lab, 2120 Camden Rd, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 701 NORTH SAINT ASAPH STREET, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1998 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1998 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1224 EP 1227 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 146BJ UT WOS:000077407100035 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Mattheis, JP AF Fan, XT Mattheis, JP TI Bagging 'Fuji' apples during fruit development affects color development and storage quality SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gas diffusion; scald; stain; ethylene; respiration; UV-B radiation; Malus xdomestica ID SCALD SUSCEPTIBILITY; SUPERFICIAL SCALD; EPICUTICULAR WAX; LIGHT; TEMPERATURE AB Enclosing 'Fuji' apple (Malus xdomestica Borkh.) fruit in paper bags 2 months after full bloom delayed the increase in internal ethylene concentration at the onset of fruit ripening, and increased the respiration rate early in the bagging period, Bagging delayed and reduced red color development, especially on the blush side, but did not affect fruit resistance to gas diffusion. External surface color changed significantly within the first 4 days after bags were removed. Exclusion of UV-B from sunlight by Mylar film after paper bag removal impaired red color development. Bagging during fruit development increased superficial scald but eliminated stain during cold storage. Exposure to sunlight for 19 or 20 days before harvest reduced scald incidence in comparison with leaving bags on until harvest. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 24 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 EI 2327-9834 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD DEC PY 1998 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1235 EP 1238 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 146BJ UT WOS:000077407100038 ER PT J AU Rango, A Shalaby, AI AF Rango, A Shalaby, AI TI Operational applications of remote sensing in hydrology: success, prospects and problems SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article ID INCIDENT SOLAR-RADIATION; SATELLITE DATA; SOIL-MOISTURE; SURFACE; RADIOMETRY; SYSTEMS AB The use of remote sensing information in operational hydrology is relatively limited, but specific examples can be cited for determining precipitation, soil moisture, groundwater, snow, surface water and basin characteristics. The application of remote sensing in hydrology can be termed operational if at least one of two conditions are met: (a) the application produces an output on a regular basis, or (b) the remote sensing data are used regularly on a continuing basis as part of a procedure to solve a problem or make decisions. When surveying the various operational applications, simple approaches and simple remote sensing data sets are the most successful. In the data-sparse developing countries, many operational remote sensing approaches exist (out of necessity) that may not be needed in developed countries because of existing data networks. To increase the use of remote sensing in operational hydrology in developed countries, pilot projects need to be increased and information services must be improved. Increased utilization of GIS to combine remote sensing with other information will promote new products and applications. End user training must be improved by focusing on satellite data processing and manipulation. In developing countries the same improvements are needed plus some more basic ones. There is a need for international monetary assistance to establish long-term remote sensing data, improved database systems and image processing capabilities. There is also the need to set up innovative regional training centres throughout the developing world. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rango, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Bldg 007,Room 104, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 67 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU IAHS PRESS, INST HYDROLOGY PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O FRANCES WATKINS, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 43 IS 6 BP 947 EP 968 DI 10.1080/02626669809492189 PG 22 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 146JG UT WOS:000077425100009 ER PT J AU Brogden, KA Ackermann, M Huttner, KM AF Brogden, KA Ackermann, M Huttner, KM TI Detection of anionic antimicrobial peptides in ovine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and respiratory epithelium SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID PASTEURELLA-HAEMOLYTICA; ANTIBACTERIAL PEPTIDE; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; LUNG LAVAGE; PULMONARY AB Three small, antimicrobial anionic peptides (AP) were originally isolated from an ovine pulmonary surfactant, However, their presence in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and tissues of the respiratory tract is unknown. In this study, we made affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal and mouse monoclonal antibodies to synthetic H-DDDDDDD-OH. Antibody specificity was assessed by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the ex-act epitope binding sites were determined with analog peptides synthesized on derivatized cellulose. These antibodies were used to detect AP in BAL fluid by ELISA and in respiratory tissues by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. BAL fluid from 25 sheep contained 0.83 +/- 0.33 mM AP (mean +/- standard deviation; range, 0.10 to 1.59 mM) and was antimicrobial. The presence of AP in BAL fluid was confirmed by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography fractionation followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry on those fractions which were positive by competitive ELISA and demonstrated antimicrobial activity. In Western blots, polyclonal antibody PAB96-1 and monoclonal antibody 1G9-1C2 (5.9 mu g/ml) detected four bands in solubilized turbinate and tracheal epithelial cells (53.7, 31.2, 28.0, and 25.7 kDa) and five bands in lung homogenates (53.5, 37.1, 31.2, 28.0, and 25.7 kDa). Only a single band was seen in solubilized liver and small-intestine homogenates, and no bands were seen in blots containing BAL fluid, albumin, or kidney or spleen homogenates. In pulmonary-tissue sections, both antibodies PAB96-1 and 1G9-1C2 identified accumulated protein in the apical cytoplasm of the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelia, in the cytoplasm of pulmonary endothelial cells, and in an occasional alveolar macrophage. As a first step in identifying a candidate AP precursor gene(s), degenerate oligonucleotides representing all possible coding combinations for H-GADDDDD-OH and H-DDDDDDD-OH were synthesized and used to probe Southern blots of sheep genomic DNA. Following low-stringency mashes and a a-day exposure, strongly hybridizing bands could be identified. One degenerate oligonucleotide, SH87, was used as a hybridization probe to screen a sheep phage genomic library. Two independent phage contained the H-GADDDDD-OH coding sequence as part of a larger predicted protein, AP may originate as part of an intracellular precursor protein, with multistep processing leading to the release of the heptapeptide into mucosal secretions. There it may interact with other innate pulmonary defenses to prevent microbial infection. C1 ARS, Resp & Neurol Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Med, Joint Program Neonatol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Brogden, KA (reprint author), ARS, Resp & Neurol Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 66 IS 12 BP 5948 EP 5954 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 142BG UT WOS:000077179600047 PM 9826377 ER PT J AU Unruh, LM Xu, RD Kramer, KJ AF Unruh, LM Xu, RD Kramer, KJ TI Benzoquinone levels as a function of age and gender of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE quinones; hydroquinones; insect; flour beetle; Tribolium castaneum; defensive secretion; quantitative analysis; liquid chromatography; photodiode array detection; electrochemical detection ID CUTICLE SCLEROTIZATION; DEFENSIVE SECRETION; TENEBRIONID BEETLE; BETA-ALANINE; CATECHOLAMINE; CONFUSUM AB Liquid chromatography with both photodiode array and electrochemical detection was used to analyze as a function of age and gender the levels of two rho-quinones, methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (MBQ) and ethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (EBQ), which are found in defensive secretions of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. We developed a method to simultaneously analyze quinones and hydroquinones excreted from or in homogenates of individual beetles. The major components present in beetle extracts were the benzoquinones and not free or conjugated forms of the hydroquinones. Greater than 95% of the quinone/hydroquinone mixture in extracts was present in the oxidized form. Because of their lability, however, the quinones were quantified indirectly as their hydroquinone derivatives after extraction in dilute acid supplemented with ascorbic acid as a reducing agent. Comparisons of whole body rinses and homogenates revealed that rinses recovered only up to 60% of the total quinones that were extracted after homogenization. The levels recovered also depended on the age and sex of the individual beetles sampled. rho-Benzoquinones in both male and female beetles increased after adult eclosion and cuticle sclerotization for 40-50 days and then remained at their highest levels (15-21 mu g MBQ and 22-32 mu g EBQ per beetle) through 80 days posteclosion. Virgin females that were collected 40-80 days after eclosion contained approximately 40% more of these compounds than males of the same age. The build-up of rho-benzoquinones subsequent to cuticle sclerotization apparently reflects the need for an adequate cuticular barrier for self-protection from these defensive compounds. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Kramer, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM kjkramer@ksu.edu NR 30 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 28 IS 12 BP 969 EP 977 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(98)00085-X PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 154CR UT WOS:000077871400006 ER PT J AU Jamroz, RC Guerrero, FD Kammlah, DM Kunz, SE AF Jamroz, RC Guerrero, FD Kammlah, DM Kunz, SE TI Role of the kdr and super-kdr sodium channel mutations in pyrethroid resistance: correlation of allelic frequency to resistance level in wild and laboratory populations of horn flies (Haematobia irritans) SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE horn fly; pyrethroid resistance; sodium channel; allele-specific PCR ID MUSCA-DOMESTICA; INSECTICIDES; GENE; LOCUS; IDENTIFICATION; DROSOPHILA; LINKAGE; DNA; DDT AB The kdr and super-kdr point mutations found in the insect sodium channel gene are postulated to confer knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids. Using an allele-specific PCR assay to detect these mutations in individual horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.), we determined the allelic frequency of the kdr and super-kdr mutations in several wild and laboratory populations. Wild populations with very similar allelic frequencies had resistance levels that ranged widely from 3- to 18-fold relative to a susceptible population. Conversely, the kdr allele frequency in a lab population with 17-fold resistance was nearly double that found in a heavily pressured wild population with Is-fold resistance. We conclude that, although the kdr mutation confers significant levels of pyrethroid resistance, a substantial component of resistance in insecticidally pressured populations is conferred by mechanisms that are PBO-suppressible. High super-kdr allele frequencies were detected in two resistant lab populations, but in wild populations with equivalent resistance the super-kdr allele frequency was very low. Interestingly, in over 1200 individuals assayed, the super-kdr mutation was never detected in the absence of the kdr mutation. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Jamroz, RC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res La, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. EM rjamroz@ktc.com NR 21 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 28 IS 12 BP 1031 EP 1037 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(98)00094-0 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 154CR UT WOS:000077871400013 PM 9887519 ER PT J AU Baker, JE Fabrick, JA Zhu, KY AF Baker, JE Fabrick, JA Zhu, KY TI Characterization of esterases in malathion-resistant and susceptible strains of the pteromalid parasitoid Anisopteromalus calandrae SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE parasitoid; resistance; esterase; malathion carboxylesterase; biological control ID CONFERRING INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; MOSQUITO CULEX-QUINQUEFASCIATUS; COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; LUCILIA-CUPRINA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; BROWN PLANTHOPPER; TOBACCO APHID; BIOCHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ORGANOPHOSPHATE RESISTANCE; CARBOXYLESTERASE ACTIVITY AB General esterase, malathion-specific carboxylesterase, phosphotriesterase, glutathione S-transferase, cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase activity, and target site sensitivity were compared in malathion-resistant (R) and malathion-susceptible (S) strains of the parasitoid Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Activity against alpha-naphthyl acetate was not significantly different in male and female wasps for either strain. General esterase activity ranged from 1.2-fold to 2.5-fold higher in the R strain compared with the S strain, but these differences between strains were not consistent. Based on V-max/K-m ratios estimated for a number of analogs of four substrates (alpha-naphthyl acetate, beta-naphthyl acetate, 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate, and p-nitrophenyl acetate) there was no evidence that general esterase activity was elevated or reduced in the R strain. Malathion-specific carboxylesterase (MCE) activity, determined by using 2,3-C-14-malathion as substrate, was 10- to 30-fold higher in the R strain compared with that in the S strain. The MCE. has a pH optima at about pH 7, is cytosolic, and is labile upon storage at - 80 degrees C. MCE activity could be recovered from native 10% PAGE gels and IEF-PAGE gels (pI = 5.2), but the peak of MCE activity also contained the major peak of activity against cy-naphthyl acetate. There was no evidence for major involvement of phosphotriesterase, glutathione S-transferase, monooxygenase, or altered acetylcholinesterase in the resistance. These data suggest that an increased activity of a MCE in the R strain is the probable major mechanism conferring resistance to malathion in A. calandrae. This study provides the first characterization of a biochemical resistance mechanism in a parasitoid with a high level of resistance to an organophosphate insecticide. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt Prod & Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Baker, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt Prod & Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 71 TC 38 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 28 IS 12 BP 1039 EP 1050 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(98)00095-2 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 154CR UT WOS:000077871400014 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Lindsay, DS AF Dubey, JP Lindsay, DS TI Isolation in immunodeficient mice of Sarcocystis neurona from opossum (Didelphis virginiana) faeces, and its differentiation from Sarcocystis falcatula SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sarcocystis neurona; Sarcocystis falcatula; coccidia; opossum Didelphis virginiana; nude mice; gamma interferon knockout mice; encephalitis ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; HORSES; MEROZOITES; MYELITIS; AGENT AB Sarcocystis neurona was isolated in nude mice and gamma-interferon knockout mice fed sporocysts from faeces of naturally infected opossums (Didelphis virginiana). Mice fed sporocysts became lethargic and developed encephalitis. Protozoa were first found in the brain starting 21 days post-inoculation. Sarcocystis neurona was recovered in cell culture from the homogenate of liver, spleen and brain of a nude mouse 11 days after feeding sporocysts. The protozoa in mouse brain and in cell culture multiplied by schizogony and mature schizonts often had a residual body. Sarcocystis falcatula, which has an avian-opossum cycle, was not infective to nude or knockout mice. Protozoa were not found in tissues of nude mice or knockout mice after subcutaneous injection with culture-derived S. falcatula merozoites and sporocysts from the faeces of opossums presumed to contain only S. falcatula, Results demonstrate that S. neurona is distinct from S. falcatula, and that opossums are hosts for both species. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of the Australian Society for Parasitology. C1 ARS, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Tech, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, BARC E,Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 17 TC 139 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 28 IS 12 BP 1823 EP 1828 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(98)00166-0 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 153BD UT WOS:000077812100001 PM 9925260 ER PT J AU Kapel, CMO Webster, P Bjorn, H Murrell, KD Nansen, P AF Kapel, CMO Webster, P Bjorn, H Murrell, KD Nansen, P TI Evaluation of the infectivity of Trichinella spp. for reptiles (Caiman sclerops) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reptiles; Trichinella; Caiman sclerops; crocodiles; infectivity; reptile farming; Zimbabwe AB Experimental inoculation with nine well-characterised Trichinella isolates was performed on caimans (Caiman sclerops) to determine their infectivity for reptiles belonging to the family Crocodilidae. As controls, the same larval batches of Trichinella isolates were inoculated into mice and guinea pigs, It was suggested that Trichinella pseudospiralis was more likely to infect reptiles than encapsulating species, but whereas all Trichinella species established in mice and guinea pigs, the caimans remained negative. The finding that caimans could not be experimentally infected contrasts with a recent report on infections in farmed crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus). (C) 1998 Australian Society for Parasitology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Danish Ctr Expt Parasitol, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Danish Vet Lab, DK-1790 Copenhagen, Denmark. ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kapel, CMO (reprint author), Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Danish Ctr Expt Parasitol, 13 Bulowsvej, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. RI Kapel, Christian/G-9168-2014 OI Kapel, Christian/0000-0002-9539-457X NR 3 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 28 IS 12 BP 1935 EP 1937 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(98)00157-X PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 153BD UT WOS:000077812100016 PM 9925275 ER PT J AU Cain, MD Shelton, MG AF Cain, MD Shelton, MG TI Viability of litter-stored Quercus falcata Michx. Acorns after simulated prescribed winter burns SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE southern red oak; natural regeneration; seed bank; southern Arkansas ID FOREST FLOOR; FIRE AB Partially stratified (11 days) southern red oak (Quercus falcata Michx.) acorns were placed at three depths in a reconstructed forest floor and subjected to simulated prescribed winter burns. Within the forest floor, acorns were placed within the L layer, at the upper-F/lower-F interface, and at the lower-F/mineral-soil interface. Winds for a backfire and headfire were generated by electric box-fans. After the burns, acorns were transferred to moist sand flats, stratified for an additional 16 days, then assessed for viability during a 45-day germination test. As depth within the forest floor increased, germinative capacity of acorns increased. All acorns placed within the L layer during prescribed burning failed to germinate. Germinative capacity of acorns placed at the upper-F/lower-F interface was lower (P=0.03) in the backfire (8.75%) than in the headfire (55.00%). At the lower-F/mineral-soil interface, there was no difference (P=0.09) in germinative capacity between backfire (92%) and headfire (89%), and their mean was no different (P=0.26) than the 93% achieved by unburned control acorns. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Cain, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, POB 3516, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PD DEC PY 1998 VL 8 IS 4 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.1071/WF9980199 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 175WM UT WOS:000079118900003 ER PT J AU Mora-Gutierrez, A Kumosinski, TF Farrell, HM AF Mora-Gutierrez, A Kumosinski, TF Farrell, HM TI kappa-carrageenan interaction with bovine and caprine caseins as shown by sedimentation and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE solubility; NMR, O-17; salt binding water binding; kappa-carrageenan; bovine casein; caprine casein; caprine alpha(s1)-casein ID CALCIUM-INDUCED SOLUBILITY; THERMODYNAMIC LINKAGE APPROACH; HYDRATION BEHAVIOR; PROTEIN HYDRATION; INDUCED ASSOCIATIONS; COMPLETE SEQUENCE; O-17; RELAXATION; PROTON; MILK AB The solubility and hydration characteristics of kappa-carrageenan-casein systems from bovine and caprine milk with incorporated salt (NaCl) were determined by means of sedimentation and O-17 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. Relative salt interaction parameters for both caseins alone and caseins in mixtures with kappa-carrageenan were assessed by nonlinear regression analysis from the characteristics of solubilization of the systems. The kappa-carrageenan-casein interactions appear to depend largely on the ratios of kappa- to alpha(s1)-casein and possibly alpha(s2)-casein. Second virial coefficients (B-0 values) and hydration products derived from O-17 NMR data suggest that while soluble at high salt, the caprine casein mixtures exhibit strong interactions, whereas the bovine counterparts do not. At lower salt concentrations the solubility data and the O-17 NMR data are in agreement. Thus, a structural dependence upon protein components in salt-containing kappa-carrageenan-casein solutions from bovine and caprine milk has been demonstrated. C1 Prairie View A&M Univ, Cooperat Agr Res Ctr, Prairie View, TX 77445 USA. ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Mora-Gutierrez, A (reprint author), Prairie View A&M Univ, Cooperat Agr Res Ctr, Prairie View, TX 77445 USA. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 46 IS 12 BP 4987 EP 4996 DI 10.1021/jf980387d PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 150ZZ UT WOS:000077697600032 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Bautista, FF Stanker, LH Larkin, KA AF Friedman, M Bautista, FF Stanker, LH Larkin, KA TI Analysis of potato glycoalkaloids by a new ELISA kit SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alpha-chaconine; ELISA hit; HPLC; potatoes; potato chips; potato fries; potato leaves; potato peel; potato sprouts; alpha-solanine ID ALPHA-CHACONINE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CARBOHYDRATE GROUPS; HYDROLYSIS; PRODUCTS; SOLANINE AB Steroidal glycoalkaloids are naturally occurring compounds present in solanaceous plants including potatoes. They are reported to be toxic to animals and humans. The recognition of their potential toxicity has led to implementation of guidelines limiting glycoalkaloid content. The effectiveness of these guidelines is dependent upon reliable analytical methods for their analysis. The objective of this study was to develop a simple, rapid, and inexpensive immunoassay for potato glycoalkaloids that correlates with HPLC. This was successfully demonstrated with various potato samples, including eight fresh potato varieties; potato flesh, peel, sprouts, and leaves; and processed products such as French fries, chips, and skins. Storage of the ELISA kit in a refrigerator for >3 months did not affect its effectiveness. The use of a stable, accurate, and highly sensitive ELISA kit should facilitate (a) development of standard protocols for handling and sampling of potatoes to minimize pre- and postharvest glycoalkaloid formation; (b) analysis of foliar glycoalkaloids, thus saving plant breeders considerable time, effort, and cost; (c) marketing potatoes at lower cost; (d) measurement of the metabolism and distribution of glycoalkaloids in animals and humans; and (e) assurance to the consumer of eating a good quality potato. C1 ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. ARS, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EnviroLogix Inc, Portland, ME 04103 USA. RP Friedman, M (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. OI Friedman, Mendel/0000-0003-2582-7517 NR 16 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 46 IS 12 BP 5097 EP 5102 DI 10.1021/jf980646z PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 150ZZ UT WOS:000077697600048 ER PT J AU Bland, JM De Lucca, AJ AF Bland, JM De Lucca, AJ TI Identification of cecropin A proteolytic cleavage sites resulting from Aspergillus flavus extracellular protease(s) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cecropin; Aspergillus flavus; protease; antifungal; reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography; electrospray mass spectrometry ID CELL-FREE IMMUNITY; INSECTS AB Cecropin A (CA) has wide-spectrum antifungal properties except for the nongerminated conidial form of Aspergillus spp. A possible reason for this difference in activity has been explored. This study demonstrated that CA was being degraded enzymatically by proteases present in the culture supernatant. As a first step in the characterization of the type of protease responsible for the degradation of CA and for the prevention of degradation of gene-encoded antimicrobial peptides based on CA, the amino acids surrounding the cleavage sites were determined. On the basis of the molecular weights of the fragments, the cleavage sites were determined to be near the N terminus of the peptide at the Lys(3)-Leu(4), Phe(5)-Lys(6), and Lys(7)-Ile(8) bonds. C1 ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Bland, JM (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd,POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 46 IS 12 BP 5324 EP 5327 DI 10.1021/jf980638i PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 150ZZ UT WOS:000077697600088 ER PT J AU Calvin, L Krissoff, B AF Calvin, L Krissoff, B TI Technical barriers to trade: A case study of phytosanitary barriers and US-Japanese apple trade SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE apples; cost-benefit analysis; Japan; phytosanitary barriers; tariff-rate equivalents; technical barriers; welfare analysis AB Concern about the use of technical barriers as restrictions to trade has increased since the World Trade Organization Agreement on Agriculture. In this analysis, we quantify the phytosanitary barriers to U.S. apple exports to Japan by calculating tariff-rate equivalents. We examine the trade and welfare impacts of removing phytosanitary barriers and tariffs under two assumptions regarding transmission of the bacterial disease fire blight: first; that transmission via commercial fruit is not possible, and second, that it can occur. The disease losses required to eliminate the gains to trade are estimated to be much larger than those experienced in other countries. C1 Econ Res Serv, Specialty Crops Branch, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Calvin, L (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, Specialty Crops Branch, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 34 TC 41 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 4 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 23 IS 2 BP 351 EP 366 PG 16 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 145LG UT WOS:000077372100005 ER PT J AU Watkins, KB Lu, YC Huang, WY AF Watkins, KB Lu, YC Huang, WY TI Economic and environmental feasibility of variable rate nitrogen fertilizer application with carry-over effects SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE dynamic optimization; nitrogen carry-over; nitrogen loss; profitability; variable rate application AB This study evaluates the long-term profitability and environmental impacts of variable rate versus uniform nitrogen application in seed potato production with nitrogen carry-over effects included. Seed potato yields were simulated for four different areas of a field using the EPIC crop growth model. A dynamic optimization model was used to determine optimal steady-state nitrogen levels for each area and the entire field. Average nitrogen losses and economic returns were evaluated for both uniform and variable rate nitrogen fertilizer. Variable rate nitrogen application was found to be unprofitable for the field when compared to uniform nitrogen application. Nitrogen losses for the field were about the same under both strategies. The results indicate greater economic and environmental benefits may be achieved by splitting nitrogen applications, especially for areas of the field exhibiting low yield productivity. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Watkins, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 33 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O DEEVON BAILEY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, 3535 OLD MAIN HILL, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 1068-5502 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 23 IS 2 BP 401 EP 426 PG 26 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 145LG UT WOS:000077372100008 ER PT J AU Huang, WY Hewitt, TI Shank, D AF Huang, WY Hewitt, TI Shank, D TI An analysis of on-farm costs of timing N applications to reduce N losses SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE application timing; compliance costs; environmental impacts; nitrogen ID NITROGEN; WEATHER AB Timing nitrogen applications to the biological needs of a crop is an effective way to reduce nitrogen losses to the environment. However, this strategy may carry a production risk. and conflict with farmers' economic objectives. A field-level production decision model was used to estimate on-farm costs associated with timing nitrogen applications for crop needs in Indiana. For a risk-neutral farmer, the estimated cost is less than $1 per acre with a reduction of 11 pounds of residual nitrogen. For a risk-averse farmer, the estimated cost is up to $37 :err acre with a reduction of 96 pounds of residual nitrogen. C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Council Food Agr & Resource Econ, Washington, DC USA. RP Huang, WY (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WESTERN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASSOC PI LOGAN PA C/O E BRUCE GODFREY, UTAH STATE UNIV, ECONOMICS DEPT, LOGAN, UT 84322-3530 USA SN 0162-1912 J9 J AGR RESOUR ECON JI J. Agric. Resour. Econ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 23 IS 2 BP 445 EP 467 PG 23 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 145LG UT WOS:000077372100010 ER PT J AU Van Vleck, LD AF Van Vleck, LD TI Charles Roy Henderson, 1911-1989: A brief biography SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Biographical-Item ID HENDERSON,C.R. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Van Vleck, LD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 76 IS 12 BP 2959 EP 2961 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 158UY UT WOS:000078136800001 PM 9928597 ER PT J AU Chase, CC Olson, TA Hammond, AC Menchaca, MA West, RL Johnson, DD Butts, WT AF Chase, CC Olson, TA Hammond, AC Menchaca, MA West, RL Johnson, DD Butts, WT TI Preweaning growth traits for Senepol, Hereford, and reciprocal crossbred calves and feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of steers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle breeds; heterosis; preweaning period; fattening performance; carcass quality; tenderness ID BEEF-PRODUCTION; ZEBU CATTLE; BRAHMAN; ANGUS; BREED; GENOTYPE; FLORIDA; BIRTH AB We conducted a multiyear study in two phases to determine preweaning performance traits of Senepol (S x S), Hereford (H x H), and reciprocal (S x H and H x S) F-1 crossbred calves and feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of steers. In Phase I, from 1985 to 1989, data from S x S (n = 194), H x H (n = 383), and S x H (n = 120) calves were used. Numbers of S x S cows were increased during Phase I so that data from H x S (n = 74) calves could be included in Phase II (1990 to 1992) in addition to S x S (n = 118), H x H (n = 130), and S x H (n = 56) calves. Also during Phase II, feedlot performance and carcass characteristics were determined for S x S (n = 30), H x H (n = 26), H x S (n = 36), and S x H (n = 26) steers. In Phase I, S x S calves had heavier (P < .01) birth weights and heavier (P < .01) 205-d adjusted weaning weights than H x H calves. Birth weights of S x H calves were heavier (P < .01) than the mean of the purebred calves, but 205-d adjusted weaning weights did not differ(P > .10). In phase II, direct heterosis was 3.5% for birth weight (P < .05) and 5.1% for 205-d adjusted weaning weight (P < .01). Senepol 205-d adjusted weaning weight (P < .01). Senepol maternal breed effects were 1.9 kg for birth weight (P < .10) and 37.9 kg for 205-d adjusted weaning weight (P < .01). Levels of direct heterosis, Senepol maternal breed effects, and Hereford direct breed effects were significant for most feedlot performance traits of steer calves that were fed to a common end point. Breeds did not differ (P > .10) for USDA yield and quality grades, and direct heterosis was not significant for Warner-Bratzler shear force. These results demonstrate significant levels of heterosis in preweaning performance between S x S and H x H calves and in feedlot performance of steers. Levels of heterosis were smaller and nonsignificant for-most carcass traits including meat tenderness, which did not differ between S x S and H x H steers in this study. C1 ARS, USDA, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Chase, CC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA PO BOX 7410, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61826-7410 USA SN 0021-8812 EI 1525-3163 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 76 IS 12 BP 2967 EP 2975 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 158UY UT WOS:000078136800003 PM 9928599 ER PT J AU Wester, TJ Fiorotto, ML Klindt, J Burrin, DG AF Wester, TJ Fiorotto, ML Klindt, J Burrin, DG TI Feeding colostrum increases circulating insulin-like growth factor I in newborn pigs independent of endogenous growth hormone secretion SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE somatotrophin; GRF-antagonists; IGF binding proteins; pigs ID FACTORS IGF-I; NEONATAL PIGS; GH SECRETION; ONTOGENY; TISSUE; FETAL; EXPRESSION; ANTAGONIST; SERUM AB Our objective was to examine the influence of feeding and endogenous GH secretion on circulating IGF-I in colostrum-deprived newborn pigs fed colostrum (n = 4), formula (control, n = 4), or water (n = 4). In another four formula-fed pigs, GH was ablated (GRF-A) with two intravenous injections of a GH releasing-factor antagonist (N-Ac-Tyr(1),D-Arg(2))-GRF(1-29)-NH2. Blood was serially sampled in all pigs to measure plasma IGF-I and GH profiles. Feeding increased plasma IGF-I concentration two- to fourfold and decreased GH secretion. Despite a more than 80% decrease in the plasma GH in GRF-A pigs, the circulating IGF-I concentration was similar to that in control pigs. In colostrum-fed pigs, plasma IGF-I was higher than that in control pigs, despite equal nutrient intake and lower circulating GH. There were no differences in plasma IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 levels among the treatment groups. However, the relative abundance of plasma IGFBP-4 was lower, and that of IGFBP-1 higher, in unfed pigs than in any of the three fed groups. The plasma insulin concentration was not different among fed pigs, but it was lower in unfed pigs. Our results indicate that the circulating IGF-I concentration is more dependent on nutrient intake than on GH in newborn pigs, despite relatively high GH concentrations. However, because the nutrient content in the formula was designed to match that of colostrum, a factor other than nutrient intake and GK was responsible for the maximal increase in circulating IGF-I concentration observed in colostrum-fed pigs. C1 Baylor Coll Med, ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. EM dburrin@bcm.tmc.edu NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 76 IS 12 BP 3003 EP 3009 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 158UY UT WOS:000078136800008 PM 9928604 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ AF Smith, DJ TI Total radioactive residues and clenbuterol residues in edible tissues, and the stereochemical composition of clenbuterol in livers of broilers after exposure to three levels of dietary [(14)C]clenbuterol HCl and three preslaughter withdrawal periods SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chickens; clenbuterol; food safety; residues ID CARCASS COMPOSITION; STERIC ASPECTS; BETA-AGONISTS; S-ALBUTEROL; TERBUTALINE; ENANTIOMERS; DISPOSITION; CONSUMPTION; ELIMINATION; FLUIDS AB Thirty-six broiler chickens were randomly assigned to .5, 1.0, or 2.0 ppm dietary [(14)C]clenbuterol HCl for a 2-wk period starting at 5 wk of age. Four birds from each treatment were slaughtered after withdrawal periods of 0, 7, or 14 d. Total radioactive residues (TRR; clenbuterol HCl equivalents) were measured in adipose tissue, kidney, liver, skin with adhering adipose tissue, bile, blood, Ij,ain, gastrointestinal tract, heart, lung, spleen, and testes; parent clenbuterol was measured in liver and kidney. In edible tissues, TRR were roughly proportional to dietary [14C]clenbuterol level and inversely proportional to duration of the withdrawal period; kidney TRR ranged from nondetectable (14 d of withdrawal,.5 and 1.0 ppm treatments) to 211.5 ppb for the 2.0 ppm treatment at zero withdrawal. Liver TRR were detectable for all treatment and withdrawal periods. Rapid depletion of TRR from edible tissues occurred during the first 7 d of the withdrawal period, but depletion of TRR was much slower thereafter. Parent clenbuterol was below the limit of detection (1 ppb) or was undetectable in liver and kidney for all dietary levels after 7 and 14 d of withdrawal, but it represented 22 to 48% of the total radioactive residues at 0 withdrawal. The inactive S (+) stereoisomer constituted approximately 73% of the total clenbuterol residue in livers of chickens slaughtered with no withdrawal period, and the active R (-) stereoisomer accounted for the remainder. These data indicate that radioactive residues of clenbuterol were present well after parent clenbuterol had depleted from edible tissues in chickens, and the predominant stereoisomer remaining in livers at slaughter was the inactive isomer. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PLACE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 76 IS 12 BP 3043 EP 3053 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 158UY UT WOS:000078136800013 PM 9928609 ER PT J AU Weimer, PJ AF Weimer, PJ TI Manipulating ruminal fermentation: A microbial SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Manipulation of the Rumen Fermentation for Enhanced Animal Performance, at the 75th ASAS Southern Section Meeting CY JAN, 1998 CL LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS SP ASAS, So Sect DE acetate; bacteria; fiber; methane; rumen; toxins ID FIBROBACTER-SUCCINOGENES S85; FED CONTINUOUS-CULTURE; CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA; SP-NOV; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MICROORGANISMS INVITRO; SYNERGISTES-JONESII; DEGRADING BACTERIA; DIGEST CELLULOSE; RUMEN BACTERIA AB The essential role of ruminal microflora in ruminant nutrition provides the potential for improvement in animal production via altering the numbers or activities of specific classes of microorganisms. Successful alterations will be facilitated by an understanding of the microbial ecology of the rumen based on its mechanistic underpinnings. Demonstrated improvements in ruminal fermentation can be traced to their consonance with well-established principles of microbial ecology (niche occupancy, selective pressure, adaptation, and interactions) and the thermodynamics and kinetics of substrate utilization. Application of these principles to several proposed alterations of the ruminal bacterial population allows a prediction of their relative feasibility. Improving fiber digestion, decreasing protein degradation, and detoxifying feed components that are present in low concentrations will be difficult to achieve in the rumen and are best approached by altering the feed, either genetically or with postharvest treatment. By contrast, the detoxification of feed components present in high concentration, and redirection of electron disposal away from methanogenesis, are more productive targets for microbiological research. C1 ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Weimer, PJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 57 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 76 IS 12 BP 3114 EP 3122 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 158UY UT WOS:000078136800021 PM 9928617 ER PT J AU Freetly, HC Ferrell, CL AF Freetly, HC Ferrell, CL TI Net flux of glucose, lactate, volatile fatty acids, and nitrogen metabolites across the portal-drained viscera and liver of pregnant ewes SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ruminants; sheep; metabolism; blood flow ID FETAL LAMB; PLACENTA; TISSUE; SHEEP; COWS AB Our objective for this study was to determine the pattern of nutrient flux across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver in ewes with varying numbers of fetuses. Catheters were placed in the hepatic portal vein, a branch of the hepatic vein, a mesenteric vein, and the abdominal aorta of ewes. Blood flow and net nutrient release across the PDV and liver were determined before exposure to rams. Ewes were then mated, which resulted in two ewes not pregnant and in six ewes with single and II ewes with twin lambs. Additional measurements were taken 103, 82, 61, 39, 19, and 6 d before parturition. Net PDV glucose release did not differ from zero (-.4 +/- 8.4 mmol/h; P = .58). In ewes with singles, premating net hepatic glucose release was 34.4 +/- 2.4 mmol/h, and 19 d before parturition it was 46.2 +/- 3.8 mmol/h. In ewes with twins, premating net hepatic glucose release was 36.8 +/- 2.7 mmol/h, and 19 d before parturition it was 47.4 +/- 2.8 mmol/h. Net PDV lactate release did not differ with Litter size (P = .58) or days from parturition (P = .14; 9.7 +/- 4.6 mmol/h). Net lactate uptake by the liver increased in pregnant ewes as the pregnancy progressed (P < .001). The hepatic extraction ratio for lactate increased in late pregnancy(P = .02). Net PDV and hepatic release of acetate and propionate were not different with litter size or days from parturition. Hepatic extraction ratios of VFA did not differ with litter size or day from parturition. The patterns of change in hepatic metabolite fluxes are similar to the patterns of change in gravid uterus metabolite uptake. Hepatic lactate uptake seems to be regulated during pregnancy. C1 ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Freetly, HC (reprint author), ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 76 IS 12 BP 3133 EP 3145 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 158UY UT WOS:000078136800023 PM 9928619 ER PT J AU Leen, R AF Leen, R TI Host plant preferences of Uresiphita reversalis (Guenee) (Lep., Crambidae) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ANGEWANDTE ENTOMOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID CELL-SUSPENSION CULTURES; QUINOLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS; LEPIDOPTERA; MONSPESSULANA; SPECIFICITY; GENISTEAE; PREDATORS; PYRALIDAE; LUPINUS AB Uresiphira reversalis Guenee (Lep., Crambidae) is a North American species whose native hosts include legumes (Fabaceae) in the genera, Lupinus L. (Genisteae, Lupininae), Baptisia Vent. (Thermopsidae) and Sophora L. (Sophoreae). Several species from the Genisteae, subtribe Genistinae, have been introduced to the United States and U. reversalis has expanded its host range to include these species. Members of all of these tribes bear quinolizidine alkaloids (QA). Ovipositional and larval preferences of U. reversalis for both introduced and native species were examined. Adults and larvae prefer Genista L. and thus preference is proposed to be indirectly or directly associated with the presence of QA with higher toxicity in this genus than in other host genera. Larvae of U. reversalis are known to sequester QA, which are deterrent and toxic to their natural enemies. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Volcano, HI 96785 USA. RP Leen, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, POB 236, Volcano, HI 96785 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL WISSENSCHAFTS-VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2048 J9 J APPL ENTOMOL JI J. Appl. Entomol.-Z. Angew. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 122 IS 9-10 BP 537 EP 541 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 154GU UT WOS:000077881600007 ER PT J AU Cox, NA Bailey, JS Berrang, ME AF Cox, NA Bailey, JS Berrang, ME TI Bactericidal treatment of hatching eggs I. Chemical immersion treatments and salmonella SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chemical treatment of eggs; egg sanitization; hatching eggs; Salmonella ID TYPHIMURIUM; CONTAMINATION; HATCHERIES; RECOVERY; MACHINE; CHICKS AB Breeder flocks and commercial hatcheries represent the earliest and probably the most critical control points for salmonellae entry into commercial integrated poultry operations. Effective chemical treatment of hatching eggs may also be a necessary part of reducing the presence of salmonellae on processed broiler carcasses. This study evaluated the immersion of artificially inoculated eggs into three chemicals: phenol, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and polyhexamethylenebiguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) following various inoculum drying times of 1 min, 5 min, 4 hr, and 24 hr. Reductions in Salmonella-positive eggs for the various chemicals as compared to the water-treated controls were as follows: 1) 0.78% phenol: 80% reduction at 1 min, 0% reduction if the egg was treated 24 hr after contamination; 2) 1.0% H2O2: 85% reduction at 1 min, 25% reduction at 24 hr; 3) 0.05% PHMB: 93% reduction at 1 min, 12% reduction at 24 hr. These data demonstrate that chemical treatments do not consistently kill all Salmonella on or in eggshells and that what effectiveness they have appears to diminish as the amount of time between contamination and treatment increases. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Cox, NA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU APPLIED POULTRY SCIENCE INC PI ATHENS PA PO BOX 80286, ATHENS, GA 30608 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 7 IS 4 BP 347 EP 350 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 166RA UT WOS:000078589900002 ER PT J AU Chen, MW Stern, NJ Bailey, JS Cox, NA AF Chen, MW Stern, NJ Bailey, JS Cox, NA TI Administering mucosal competitive exclusion flora for control of salmonellae SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broilers; competitive exclusion; performance ID UNITED-STATES; COLONIZATION CONTROL; FOODBORNE DISEASE; INFECTION; CHICKENS; POULTRY AB We compared three methods to administer various dilutions of mucosal competitive exclusion (MCE) culture to reduce Salmonella colonization in the intestinal tract of broiler chicks: 1) spraying onto the chicks using a "Newcastle" automatic spray cabinet; 2) directly gavaging into the crop of the chicks; and 3) a combination of spraying and gavaging the chicks. Day-of-hatch broiler chicks were provided selected treatments, or served as controls. A combination of strains of S. typhimurium, S. montevideo, and S. california were used 4 hr after treatment to challenge the treated and control chicks. The chicks were sacrificed 5 days post challenge, and cecal contents were analyzed for the presence and numbers of the Salmonella isolates. The optimum level of MCE to reduce Salmonella colonization depended on the efficacy of the original MCE culture. A 10(-6) dilution of freshly prepared MCE provided protection similar to the undiluted MCE that had been stored for more than 2 months. A combination of spraying and gavaging MCE was more effective than either of the two single treatment methods tested. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Stern, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5866, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM nstern@ars.usda.gov NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU APPLIED POULTRY SCIENCE INC PI ATHENS PA PO BOX 80286, ATHENS, GA 30608 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 7 IS 4 BP 384 EP 391 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 166RA UT WOS:000078589900007 ER PT J AU Schlenk, D Gollon, JL Griffin, BR AF Schlenk, D Gollon, JL Griffin, BR TI Efficacy of copper sulfate for the treatment of ichthyophthiriasis in channel catfish SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; LOW-ALKALINITY; TOXICITY; PH; FISH AB Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is a protozoan that may infest and significantly damage cultured fish species. The purpose of this study was to measure the efficacy of copper sulfate in treating ichthyophthiriasis. Fingerling channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus exposed to at least 2,000 theronts of I. multifiliis per liter Of water developed consistent infestations of I. multifiliis (20 or more trophonts on the dorsal surface of the head of the fish). Infestation was observed in untreated controls at day 5 after exposure and mortality occurred after day 10. Coexposure studies with theronts and different concentrations of copper sulfate revealed that all theronts were killed at concentrations greater than 0.05 mg/L. To determine the effect of copper sulfate in the treatment of ichthyophthiriasis, fish were exposed to the parasite until trophonts were observed (day 5), and they were subsequently treated with copper sulfate. The lowest effective concentration of copper sulfate for treatment of ichthyophthiriasis (i.e., after infestation was observed in the fish) was 0.4 mg/L. To assess the effects of various water quality conditions on copper treatment, total suspended solids (TSS) and pH were varied during treatment of ichthyophthiriasis. Concentration of TSS was inversely correlated to the efficacy of copper sulfate for I. multifiliis infestations, whereas no relationship was observed between pH and efficacy of a single copper sulfate dose. The results indicated that copper sulfate can be used to treat ichthyophthiriasis at concentrations of 0.4 mg/L for at least 5 d under the specific water conditions used in this study (pH, 7.45 +/- 0.27; temperature, 20.5 +/- 0.7 degrees C; alkalinity, 176.6 +/- 28.1 mg/L as CaCO3) and that efficacy of copper sulfate was affected more by TSS concentration than by pH. C1 Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacol Environm & Community Hlth Res, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Schlenk, D (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacol Environm & Community Hlth Res, University, MS 38677 USA. EM dschlenk@olemiss.edu NR 27 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 1998 VL 10 IS 4 BP 390 EP 396 DI 10.1577/1548-8667(1998)010<0390:EOCSFT>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 169PZ UT WOS:000078758900009 ER PT J AU Whitford, WG AF Whitford, WG TI Contribution of pits dug by goannas (Varanus gouldii) to the dynamics of banded mulga landscapes in eastern Australia SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE Australia; banded vegetation; goannas; grazing; landscapes; lizard; pits; seeds ID TERMITES AB The densities of pits made by goannas Varanus gouldii were estimated in the three distinct zones of banded mulga landscapes (erosion slope, interception zone, and mulga grove) in paddocks of a grazing study in north-western New South Wales, Australia. In light and moderately grazed paddocks, soil pits were significantly more abundant in the interception zones (M - 1119.7 m(-2)) than in the groves and erosion slopes (M = 16.7 m(-2)). In the overgrazed paddock there were no differences in densities of pits in any of the zones. In the groves and erosion slopes approximately 70-80% of the pits contained litter, seeds, and fruits. However, on the erosion slopes less than 20% of the pits contained litter and seeds. The data support the hypothesis that soil disturbance by Varanus lizards produces a positive feedback mechanism for the viability of the interception zone and the functioning of banded vegetation landscapes. (C) 1998 U.S. Government. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Div Environm Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89195 USA. RP Whitford, WG (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range,POB 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 40 IS 4 BP 453 EP 457 DI 10.1006/jare.1998.0464 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 169PE UT WOS:000078757100009 ER PT J AU Whistler, CA Corbell, NA Sarniguet, A Ream, W Loper, JE AF Whistler, CA Corbell, NA Sarniguet, A Ream, W Loper, JE TI The two-component regulators GacS and GacA influence accumulation of the stationary-phase sigma factor sigma(S) and the stress response in Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; METABOLITE PRODUCTION; SECONDARY-STRUCTURE; GLOBAL REGULATION; COTTON SEEDLINGS; DAMPING-OFF; GENE; EXPRESSION; CLONING AB Three global regulators are known to control antibiotic production by Pseudomonas fluorescens. A two-component regulatory system comprised of the sensor kinase GacS (previously called ApdA or LemA) and GacA, a member of the FixJ family of response regulators, is required for antibiotic production. A mutation in rpoS, which encodes the stationary-phase sigma factor sigma(S), differentially affects antibiotic production and reduces the capacity of stationary-phase cells of P. fluorescens to survive exposure to oxidative stress. The gacA gene of P. fluorescens Pf-5 was isolated, and the influence of gacS and gacA on rpoS transcription, sigma(S) levels, and oxidative stress response of Pf-5 was determined. We selected a gacA mutant of Pf-5 that contained a single nucleotide substitution within a predicted alpha-helical region, which is highly conserved among the FixJ family of response regulators. At the entrance to stationary phase, sigma(S) content in gacS and gacA mutants of Pf-5 was less than 20% of the wild-type level. Transcription of rpoS, assessed with an rpoS-lacZ transcriptional fusion, was positively influenced by GacS and GacA, an effect that was most evident at the transition between exponential growth and stationary phase. Mutations in gacS and gacA compromised the capacity of stationary-phase cells of Pf-5 to survive exposure to oxidative stress. The results of this study provide evidence for the predominant roles of GacS and GacA in the regulatory cascade controlling stress response and antifungal metabolite production in P. fluorescens. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Mol & Cellular Biol Program, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Inst Natl Rech Agron, Pathol Vegetale Stn, Ctr Rech Rennes, F-35653 Le Rheu, France. RP Loper, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM loperj@bcc.orst.edu NR 50 TC 126 Z9 136 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 180 IS 24 BP 6635 EP 6641 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 146YR UT WOS:000077461900026 PM 9852008 ER PT J AU Schultz-Cherry, S Dybdahl-Sissoko, N McGregor, M Hinshaw, VS AF Schultz-Cherry, S Dybdahl-Sissoko, N McGregor, M Hinshaw, VS TI Mink lung epithelial cells: Unique cell line that supports influenza A and B virus replication SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VERO CELLS; A VIRUS; GROWTH; HEMAGGLUTININ AB We have demonstrated for the first time that a mink lung epithelial cell line (Mv1Lu) supports the replication of influenza A and B viruses, including the recently isolated H5N1 avian and human Hong: Kong strains, to titers comparable to those in MDCK cells. These results suggest that Mv1Lu cells might serve as an alternative system for the isolation and cultivation of influenza A and B viruses and may be useful for vaccine development. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Schultz-Cherry, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM sschultzcherry@sprynet.com FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI33893] NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 36 IS 12 BP 3718 EP 3720 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 140CP UT WOS:000077069400055 PM 9817906 ER PT J AU Curley, DM Kumosinski, TF Unruh, JJ Farrell, HM AF Curley, DM Kumosinski, TF Unruh, JJ Farrell, HM TI Changes in the secondary structure of bovine casein by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: Effects of calcium and temperature SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE milk protein; casein; protein structure; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; FTIR SPECTRA; AMIDE-I; PROTEINS; CONFORMATION; SCATTERING; MICELLES; PEPTIDES; MODEL; WATER AB Bovine casein submicelles and reformed micelles, produced by addition of Ca(2+), were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy at 15 and 37 degrees C in aqueous salt solutions of K(+) and Na(+). Previous measurements of caseins, made in D(2)O and in the solid form, can now be made in a more realistic environment of H(2)O. When analyzed in detail, data obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy have the potential to show subtle changes in secondary structural elements that are associated with changes in protein environment. Electrostatic binding of Ca(2+) to casein resulted in a redistribution of the components of the infrared spectra. Addition of Ca(2+) in salt solutions of K(+) and Na(+) led to apparent decreases in large loop or helical structures at 37 degrees C with concomitant increases in the percentage of structures having greater bond energy, such as turns and extended helical structures. At 15 degrees C, Na(+) and K(+) have differential effects on the Ca(2+)-casein complexes. All of these observations are in accordance with the important role of serine phosphate side chains as sites for Ca(2+) binding in caseins and the swelling of the casein structure upon incorporation into reformed micelles at 37 degrees C. This new open, hydrated structure is buttressed by a change in backbone as evidenced by a shift in absorbance to higher wave numbers (greater bond energies) as colloidal micelles are reformed. C1 ARS, USDA, Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Farrell, HM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 27 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 81 IS 12 BP 3154 EP 3162 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 153MK UT WOS:000077836700008 PM 9891263 ER PT J AU Knowlton, KF Dawson, TE Glenn, BP Huntington, GB Erdman, RA AF Knowlton, KF Dawson, TE Glenn, BP Huntington, GB Erdman, RA TI Glucose metabolism and milk yield of cows infused abomasally or ruminally with starch SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy cows; starch infusion; glucose metabolism ID DAIRY-COWS; LACTATING COWS; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; SMALL-INTESTINE; FATTY-ACIDS; PROPIONATE; INSULIN; PROTEIN; STEERS; CARBOHYDRATE AB The effect of ruminal or abomasal starch infusion on milk yield and glucose metabolism of early lactation cows was measured. Four cows were continuously infused in the rumen or abomasum with partially hydrolyzed starch (1500 g/d) or were not infused (control) for three 14-d periods during wk 4 to 12 postpartum. Milk yield averaged over 40 kg/d throughout the experiment. Milk and milk lactose yields tended to increase when starch was infused and DMI was decreased, regardless of the site of infusion. Starch infusion increased mean insulin concentration and tended to decrease the concentration of serum nonesterified fatty acids. Ruminal starch infusion did not affect glucose irreversible loss rate but tended to increase glucagon concentration and decrease glucose oxidation. The increased milk yield that occurred when starch was infused ruminally relative to the milk yield of control cows could be a result of increased microbial protein supply or increased energy availability. Compared with ruminal starch infusion, abomasal starch infusion tended to increase the irreversible loss rate of glucose and to increase glucose oxidation. Abomasal infusion tended to increase plasma insulin concentration and to decrease the nonesterified fatty acid concentration relative to ruminal infusion. Infusion of starch abomasally resulted in increases of most uses of glucose, including milk lactose production, glucose oxidation, and the possible storage of glucose as body fat, which indicates that the early lactation dairy cow has a greater capacity for glucose metabolism than is provided by voluntary feed intake of average diets, but that not all available glucose is partitioned to the mammary gland. These data should be useful in testing current concepts and equations in nutritional and metabolic models of dairy cattle. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. ARS, Nutr Consevat & Metab Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27614 USA. RP Glenn, BP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, 10300 Baltimore Blvd,Bldg 200,Room 100, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Erdman, Richard/F-6195-2010 OI Erdman, Richard/0000-0001-6954-4282 NR 37 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 81 IS 12 BP 3248 EP 3258 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 153MK UT WOS:000077836700016 PM 9891270 ER PT J AU Rajaraman, V Nonnecke, BJ Franklin, ST Hammell, DC Horst, RL AF Rajaraman, V Nonnecke, BJ Franklin, ST Hammell, DC Horst, RL TI Effect of vitamins A and E on nitric oxide production by brood mononuclear leukocytes from neonatal carves fed milk replacer SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calf; nitric oxide; vitamin A; vitamin E ID RETINOIC ACID; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; INTERFERON-GAMMA; SYNTHASE; CELLS; LYMPHOCYTES; EXPRESSION; INHIBITION AB This study evaluated the effects of dietary vitamin A and E on the in vitro capacity of blood mononuclear leukocytes from calves to produce nitric oxide. Calves fed milk replacer received 100 IU/d of vitamin E as RRR-alpha-tocopherol or RRR-alpha-tocopheryl acetate and 0, 1700, 34,000, or 68,000 IU of vitamin A as retinyl acetate. Leukocytes from calves produced greater amounts of nitric oxide relative to leukocytes from adult cattle. The greater production of nitric oxide by calf leukocytes may be typical; of the immature neonatal immune system. Nitric oxide production by calves fed RRR-alpha-tocopherol and either 1700 or 34,000 IU of vitamin A was less than that of calves in other groups and was more typical of production by leukocytes from cows. Our data suggest that optimal amounts of dietary vitamins A and E prompt the maturation of this response toward one that is more typical of adult cattle. Leukocytes from 1-wk-old calves produced less nitric oxide and were less responsive to stimuli than were leukocytes from older calves, a possible consequence of suppressive factors that were present in the ingested colostrum or in the circulation at birth. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Metab Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Nonnecke, BJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Metab Dis & Immunol Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 33 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 81 IS 12 BP 3278 EP 3285 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 153MK UT WOS:000077836700019 PM 9891273 ER PT J AU Wanner, JM Rogers, GW Kehrli, ME Cooper, JB AF Wanner, JM Rogers, GW Kehrli, ME Cooper, JB TI Intramammary infections in primiparous Holsteins: Heritabilities and comparisons of bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency carriers and noncarriers SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency; intramammary infection ID SOMATIC-CELL COUNT; DAIRY HEIFERS; CLINICAL MASTITIS; IDENTIFICATION; PREVALENCE; CATTLE AB The objective of this study was to determine the impact of bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency on intramammary infection (IMI) in Holstein cows at first calving. Quarter milk samples were collected between 3 d prepartum and 4 d postpartum from 156 Holstein cows in first lactation. These samples were frozen and subsequently cultured using National Mastitis Council recommendations. Sixty-eight carriers of bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency were identified (9.0% of cows) from an additional milk sampling collected in early lactation. Binary variables (infected or uninfected) for each quarter were defined as dependent variables to evaluate IMI incidence from all bacterial species and major species groups: coliforms, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and streptococci other than Streptococcus agalactiae. The model included herd-season of calving, days in milk when samples were collected, age at calving, quarter, cow (random effect), and bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency. Sire was included as a random effect (instead of cow), and bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency was dropped from the model to estimate heritabilities. Heritabilities for IMT incidence from the various groups of organisms ranged from 0.02 to 0.66 (0.21 from all bacterial species). No differences were observed between carriers of bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency and homozygous normal noncarriers for TMI from coliform, coagulase-negative staphylococci, streptococci other than Streptococcus agalactiae, or all bacterial species combined. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Rogers, GW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Dairy & Anim Sci, 324 Henning Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 81 IS 12 BP 3293 EP 3299 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 153MK UT WOS:000077836700021 PM 9891275 ER PT J AU Ashwell, MS Da, Y Van Tassell, CP Vanraden, PM Miller, RH Rexroad, CE AF Ashwell, MS Da, Y Van Tassell, CP Vanraden, PM Miller, RH Rexroad, CE TI Detection of putative loci affecting milk production and composition, health, and type traits in a United States Holstein population SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE quantitative trait loci; microsatellite markers; milk yield traits; type traits ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; DAIRY-CATTLE; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; BOVINE GENOME; COMPONENTS; PARAMETERS; YIELD AB Quantitative trait loci affecting milk yield and composition, health, and type traits were studied for seven large grandsire families of US Holstein using the granddaughter design. The families were genotyped at 20 microsatellite markers on 15 chromosomes, and the effects of the marker alleles were analyzed for 28 traits (21 type traits, 5 milk yield and composition traits, somatic cell score, and productive herd life). Markers BM415 on chromosome 6 and BM6425 on chromosome 14 were associated with effects on protein percentage in a single grandsire family. The latter marker had a lower probability of being associated with changes in milk yield and fat percentage is the same-family. Increases in productive herd life were associated with an allele at marker BM719 on chromosome 16 in one grandsire family. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ashwell, MS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 NR 21 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 81 IS 12 BP 3309 EP 3314 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 153MK UT WOS:000077836700023 PM 9891277 ER PT J AU Tomasula, PM Craig, JC McAloon, AJ AF Tomasula, PM Craig, JC McAloon, AJ TI Economic analysis of a continuous casein process using carbon dioxide as precipitant SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE economic analysis; carbon dioxide; casein; precipitation AB Economic analyses are presented for two conceptual casein plants of commercial scale. For the first analysis, costs were estimated for a plant that used CO2 as precipitant to manufacture casein. The results were compared with estimated costs for Ca caseinate plants. In the second analysis, costs were estimated for the precipitation step only for a casein plant that used CO2 as a precipitant. In the first case, the equipment was sized for a Ca caseinate plant with a flow rate of 10,000 L of milk/h and a caseinate output of 320 kg/h. Unit operating costs for production of CO2-precipitated casein with recycling of CO2 were $0.038/kg less than for Ca caseinate manufactured from fresh casein and $0.103/kg less than for casein manufactured from dried casein. In the second case, operating costs for precipitation of casein with CO2 in a plant with a flow rate of 50,000 L of milk/h and a casein output of 1500 kg/h are $0.095/kg more than with lactic acid or HCl if CO2 was not recycled. If CO2 was recycled, capital costs were increased, but operating costs were significantly reduced. With recycling of CO2, the cost difference between CO2-precipitated casein and the other caseins was $0.021/kg. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Tomasula, PM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 81 IS 12 BP 3331 EP 3342 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 153MK UT WOS:000077836700026 ER PT J AU Gengler, N Wiggans, GR Wright, JR Norman, HD Wolfe, CW AF Gengler, N Wiggans, GR Wright, JR Norman, HD Wolfe, CW TI Application of canonical transformation with missing values to multitrait evaluation of Jersey type (vol 80, pg 2563, 1997) SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Correction C1 Fac Univ Sci Agron, Unite Zootech, Fonds Natl Belge Rech Sci, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Amer Jersey Cattle Assoc, Reynoldsburg, OH 43068 USA. RP Gengler, N (reprint author), Fac Univ Sci Agron, Unite Zootech, Fonds Natl Belge Rech Sci, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 81 IS 12 BP 3419 EP 3419 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 153MK UT WOS:000077836700032 ER PT J AU Gazit, Y Rossler, Y Epsky, ND Heath, RR AF Gazit, Y Rossler, Y Epsky, ND Heath, RR TI Trapping females of the mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) in Israel: Comparison of lures and trap type SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; traps; protein; ammonium acetate; putrescine; trimethylamine ID SYNTHETIC ATTRACTANT; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; FLIES AB We studied the effectiveness of 4 trap types and 3 female attractant baits for the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). The traps were the International Pheromone McPhail trap, an open-bottom cylindrical trap; Frutect trap; and the Ga'aton trap. The 3 female attractants tested were Naziman, which is a locally produced protein hydrolyzate; a proprietary liquid protein that is used in the Frutect trap; and a S-component food-based synthetic attractant composed of ammonium acetate, putrescine, and trimethylamine. Our results ranked the trap and attractant performances as follows: IP-McPhail trap baited with the synthetic attractant > Frutect baited with proprietary lure > cylindrical trap baited with the synthetic attractant > IP-McPhail trap baited with Naziman and Ga'aton baited with either the synthetic attractant or with Naziman. In subsequent tests, the substitution of the synthetic attractant for the proprietary protein bait increased the numbers of C. capitata captured in both IP-McPhail trap and Frutect, and improved C. capitata-specificity in IP-McPhail traps. Equal numbers of fruit flies were captured in IP-McPhail traps and Frutect traps baited with the synthetic attractant; however, a higher percentage of the flies captured by the IP-McPhail trap were females. Thus, an IP-McPhail trap baited with the synthetic attractant caught the most female C. capitata among the trap and lure combinations tested. C1 Citrus Mkt Board Israel, Israel Cohen Inst Biol Control, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Gazit, Y (reprint author), Citrus Mkt Board Israel, Israel Cohen Inst Biol Control, POB 60, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1355 EP 1359 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 151EU UT WOS:000077708400019 ER PT J AU Naranjo, SE Ellsworth, PC Chu, CC Henneberry, TJ Riley, DG Watson, TF Nichols, RL AF Naranjo, SE Ellsworth, PC Chu, CC Henneberry, TJ Riley, DG Watson, TF Nichols, RL TI Action thresholds for the management of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) in cotton SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bemisia tabaci Biotype B; Bemisia argentifolii; Gossypium hirsutum; action threshold; pest management; sticky cotton ID ECONOMIC INJURY LEVELS; SAMPLING PLANS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION-DENSITY; VALIDATION AB A 2-yr, multistate project was initiated in 1994 to determine action thresholds for management of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Biotype B (=B. argentifolii Bellows & Perring) in cotton using chemical insecticides. Identical experimental designs and data collection protocols were used at sites in Brawley, CA, Yuma and Maricopa, AZ, and Weslaco, TX. The prescriptive application of insecticides based on 4 candidate action threshold levels (2.5, 5, 10, or 20 adult B. tabaci per leaf) were compared with one another and an untreated control. In general, there were few differences in whitefly populations among action thresholds of 2.5, 5, and 10 adults per leaf at sites in Arizona and California. All insecticide treatments typically reduced population densities below those in untreated control plots. Insecticide applications were generally ineffective in Weslaco, possibly due to reduced insecticide susceptibility or the late onset of pest infestation, and there were few differences in population density among treatments. Yields were higher in sprayed treatments, but there was little difference among threshold levels. Yield differences were not detected among any treatments for Yuma and Weslaco in 1994 and for Maricopa in 1995. The levels of lint stickiness due to honeydew deposition, as measured by thermodetector, were not consistent among sites and were not generally related to pest densities in the different threshold treatments. Levels of stickiness tended to be higher in 1994. There were no treatment effects on other standard measures of lint quality. A simple budgeting analysis assuming $43.24/ha per application for insecticides and $1.59/kg for lint suggested that action thresholds of 5-10 adults per leaf provided the highest net return at most sites. C1 ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Univ Arizona, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Dept Entomol, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. Texas Agr Expt Stn, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Entomol, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Cotton Inc, Raleigh, NC 27612 USA. RP Naranjo, SE (reprint author), ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, USDA, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. OI Ellsworth, Peter/0000-0002-2485-0830 NR 30 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1415 EP 1426 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 151EU UT WOS:000077708400028 ER PT J AU Robertson, JL Yokoyama, VY AF Robertson, JL Yokoyama, VY TI Comparison of methyl bromide LD(50)s of codling moth (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) on nectarine cultivars as related to natural variation SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; nectarines; fumigation; varietal testing ID QUARANTINE TREATMENT; SHIPPING CONTAINERS; EXPORT; JAPAN AB Responses of codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) fumigated with methyl bromide on 9 nectarine, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch variety nucipersica Schneid., cultivars indicated no significant differences in relative toxicity at LD(50)s based on response ratios and their respective 95% CL. Previous significant differences among the cultivars based on failure of 95% CLs of LD(50)s to overlap may reflect natural Variation rather than differences in insect response among the cultivars. We conclude that, for quarantine purposes, varietal testing cannot provide definitive conclusions regarding differences in insect response on cultivars unless the influence of natural variation on test results is evaluated. C1 ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, USDA, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. RP Robertson, JL (reprint author), Optimum Consulting, 1007 B St, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1433 EP 1436 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 151EU UT WOS:000077708400030 ER PT J AU Williams, WP Davis, FM Buckley, PM Hedin, PA Baker, GT Luthe, DS AF Williams, WP Davis, FM Buckley, PM Hedin, PA Baker, GT Luthe, DS TI Factors associated with resistance to fall armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) and southwestern corn borer (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) in corn at different vegetative stages SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diatraea grandiosella; Spodoptera frugiperda; Zea mays ID LEAF-FEEDING RESISTANCE; SUSCEPTIBLE CORN; LARVAL GROWTH; MAIZE; INFESTATION AB Corn, Zea mays L., germplasm with resistance to leaf feeding by southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, and fair armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), has been released. Resistant genotypes sustain less leaf-feeding damage than susceptible genotypes. Larvae that feed on plants of resistant genotypes or on tissue collected from these plants grow more slowly than those that feed on susceptible genotypes. Both resistant and susceptible genotypes sustain less damage as the plants mature. This investigation was undertaken to determine the associations between various chemical and physical characteristics of resistant and susceptible corn hybrids and leaf-feeding damage and larval growth on hybrids infested at different vegetative stages of growth. Leaf feeding was heavier on plants infested 28-35 d after planting than older plants. Larvae from the held weighed more when plants were infested between 28 and 35 d. Larvae fed on lyophilized leaf tissue in laboratory bioassays were heaviest when whorl tissue was collected from plants 28-35 d after planting. Larvae fed on tissue of resistant hybrids weighed less than those fed on tissue of susceptible hybrids. Resistant hybrids completed the transition from juvenile to adult earlier than susceptible hybrids. The 7th leaf was the Ist adult leaf of the resistant hybrids, but the 10th or 11th was the Ist adult leaf of susceptible hybrids. Leaves of susceptible hybrids were less tough than leaves of resistant hybrids, and toughness increased with plant age. Relative amounts of hemicellulose were higher in resistant genotypes and in order plants of all genotypes. Hemicellulose and protein levels appear to be associated with fall armyworm resistance, but not southwestern corn borer resistance. Relative amounts of cellulose were negatively correlated with leaf feeding by both insects. Relative amounts of ash, fat, and lignin did not appear to be associated with resistance. Further investigations of resistant and susceptible genotypes at different vegetative stages of growth should be useful in identifying factors associated with resistance to fall armyworm and southwestern corn borer. C1 ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Crop Sci Res Lab, USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Williams, WP (reprint author), ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Crop Sci Res Lab, USDA, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 26 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 91 IS 6 BP 1471 EP 1480 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 151EU UT WOS:000077708400036 ER PT J AU McMahon, CD Elsasser, TH Gunter, DR Sanders, LG Steele, BP Sartin, JL AF McMahon, CD Elsasser, TH Gunter, DR Sanders, LG Steele, BP Sartin, JL TI Estradiol/progesterone implants increase food intake, reduce hyperglycemia and increase insulin resistance in endotoxic steers SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; NUTRITIONAL REGULATION; PLASMA-CONCENTRATIONS; INDIVIDUAL TISSUES; BINDING-PROTEINS; GLUCOSE-INFUSION; IMMUNE-SYSTEM AB High doses of lipopdysaccharide (LPS) induce transient hyperglycemia, then chronic hypoglycemia and increased insulin resistance. In addition, appetite is reduced, while body temperature and concentrations of cortisol and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) are elevated. Furthermore, concentrations of GH and IGF-I are reduced in cattle. The objectives of this study were to determine whether a gonadal steroid implant (20 mg estrogen and 200 mg progesterone) given to endotoxemic steers would: (1) reduce hyperglycemia, reduce hypoglycemia, reduce insulin resistance, (2) reduce changes in concentrations of GH and IGF-I, (3) reduce inappetence and reduce concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and (4) reduce fever and concentrations of TNF alpha and cortisol. Holstein steers were assigned within a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments as follows (n=5 per group): C/C, no steroid and vehicle; S/C, steroid and vehicle; C/E, no steroid and LPS (1 mu g/kg body weight (BW), i.v.); S/E, steroid and endotoxin. Steroid implants were given at 20 weeks of age (day 0) and serial blood samples (15 min) were day 14 for 8 h, with vehicle or LPS injected after 2 h. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (100 mg/kg BW) were carried out at 6 h and 24 h. Hyperglycemia was 67% lower (P<0.05) in S/E- compared with C/E-treated steers between 30 and 150 min after i.v. injection of LPS. Hypoglycemia developed after 4 h and insulin resistance was greater in S/E- compared with C/E-treated steers (P<0.05) at 6 and 24 h. Concentrations of IGF-I were restored earlier in steroid-treated steers than in controls. Concentrations of GH were not affected by steroids, but increased 1 h after injection of LPS, then were reduced for 2 h. Appetite was greater (P<0.05) in S/E- (2.1% BW) compared with C/E-treated steers (1.1% BW) (pooled S.E.M.=0.3). Concentrations of NEFA increased after injecting LPS, but concentrations were lower (P<0.05) in S/E- compared with C/E-treated steers. LPS did not affect concentrations of BUN, but concentrations were lower in steroid-treated steers. Steroids did not affect body temperature or concentrations of TNF alpha and cortisol. In summary, gonadal steroids reduce hyperglycemia, reduce inappetence and tissue wasting, but increase insulin resistance. Furthermore, concentrations of IGF-I are restored earlier in steroid-treated than in non-steroid-treated steers injected with LPS. It is concluded that gonadal steroids reduce severity of some endocrine and metabolic parameters associated with endotoxemia. However, it is unlikely that gonadal steroids acted via anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions of glucocorticoids or through reducing concentrations cytokines. C1 Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Discrete & Stat Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sartin, JL (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol & Pharmacol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 55 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU J ENDOCRINOLOGY LTD PI BRISTOL PA 17/18 THE COURTYARD, WOODLANDS, ALMONDSBURY, BRISTOL BS12 4NQ, ENGLAND SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 159 IS 3 BP 469 EP 478 DI 10.1677/joe.0.1590469 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 146FJ UT WOS:000077418100012 PM 9834464 ER PT J AU Reid, CD Fiscus, EL Burkey, KO AF Reid, CD Fiscus, EL Burkey, KO TI Combined effects of chronic ozone and elevated CO2 on Rubisco activity and leaf components in soybean (Glycine max) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE O-3 x CO2 interaction; carbohydrate metabolism; Rubisco; sugars; non-structural carbohydrates ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TOMATO PLANTS; WHEAT; O-3; LEAVES; ACCLIMATION AB Content and activity of Rubisco and concentrations of leaf nitrogen, chlorophyll and total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) were determined at regular intervals during the 1993 and 1994 growing seasons to understand the effects and interactions of [O-3] and elevated [CO2] on biochemical limitations to photosynthesis during ontogeny. Soybean (Glycine max var. Essex) was grown in open-top field chambers in either charcoal-filtered air (CF, 20 nmol mol(-1)) or non-filtered air supplemented with 1.5 x ambient [O-3] (c. 80 nmol mol(-1)) at ambient (AA, 360 mu mol mol(-1)) or elevated [CO2] (700 pmol mol(-1)). Sampling period significantly affected all the variables examined. Changes included a decrease in the activity and content of Rubisco during seed maturation, and increased nitrogen (N), leaf mass per unit area (LMA) and total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC, including starch and sucrose) through the reproductive phases. Ontogenetic changes were most rapid in O-3-treated plants. At ambient [CO2], O-3 decreased initial activity (14-64% per unit leaf area and 14-29% per unit Rubisco) and content of Rubisco (9-53%), and N content per unit leaf area. Ozone decreased LMA by 17-28% of plants in CF-AA at the end of the growing season because of a 24-41% decrease in starch and a 59-80% decrease in sucrose. In general, elevated [CO2] in CF or O-3-fumigated air, reduced the initial activity of Rubisco and activation state while having little effect on Rubisco content, N and chlorophyll content, per unit leaf area. Elevated CO2 decreased Rubisco activity by 14-34% per unit leaf area and 15-25% per unit Rubisco content of plants in grown CF-AA, and increased LMA by 27-74% of the leaf mass per unit area in CF-AA because of a 23-148% increase in starch. However, the data suggest that, at elevated [CO2], increases in starch and sucrose are not directly responsible for the deactivation of Rubisco. Also, there was little evidence of an adjustment of Rubisco activity in response to starch and sucrose metabolism. Significant interactions between elevated [CO2] and [O-3] on all variables examined generally resulted in alleviation or amelioration of the O-3 effects at elevated CO2. These data provide further support to the idea that elevated atmospheric CO2 will reduce or prevent damage from pollutant O-3. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. RP Reid, CD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Agr Res Serv, Box 7632, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 52 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 49 IS 329 BP 1999 EP 2011 DI 10.1093/jexbot/49.329.1999 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 146FN UT WOS:000077418600012 ER PT J AU Kelly, JF AF Kelly, JF TI Behavior and energy budgets of belted kingfishers in Winter SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVAILABILITY; TEMPERATURE; BIRDS; PREY AB I recorded behaviors and estimated energy intake and expenditures of 16 Belted Kingfishers (Ceryle alcyon) during January and February 1994. Each bird was watched for an entire day to examine the relationships among temperature, time of day and foraging behavior. Estimates of total daily energy intake and expenditure differed by only 2.8 +/- 42.9KJ/d (1% of total). The relatively large amount of variation in this difference may indicate that kingfishers are balancing their energy budgets on time scales longer than a single day or may simply reflect the coarseness of the methods used to derive these estimates. There was a significant decline in energy expenditure through the day, due largely to a decrease in the cost of thermoregulation. There was, however, no significant variation in energy intake among times of day Mean daily temperature was not correlated with the total daily energy balance (intake minus expenditure) of individuals. Perching, flying, and foraging behaviors of Belted Kingfishers varied by time of day In general, Belted Kingfishers were more active in the afternoon than in the morning. In summary these observations indicate that there are predictable diel patterns in the foraging behaviors of Belted Kingfishers, that the energy intake resulting from these behaviors is variable, and this variability in energy intake is not correlated with daily temperature. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kelly, JF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest & Range Expt Stn, 2205 Columbia SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RI Kelly, Jeffrey/B-2029-2015 OI Kelly, Jeffrey/0000-0002-8255-7990 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASSOC FIELD ORNITHOLOGISTS PI STATESBORO PA GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, STATESBORO, GA 30460-8042 USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD WIN PY 1998 VL 69 IS 1 BP 75 EP 84 PG 10 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA YZ928 UT WOS:000072309000012 ER PT J AU Tomasula, PM Parris, N Boswell, RT Moten, RO AF Tomasula, PM Parris, N Boswell, RT Moten, RO TI Preparation of enriched fractions of (alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin from cheese whey using carbon dioxide SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION LA English DT Article ID BOVINE ALPHA-LACTALBUMIN; HIGH-PRESSURE; PROTEIN; SEPARATION; MILK; DENATURATION; AGGREGATION; BINDING AB A new process for preparing enriched fractions of alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-La) and beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg) from whey protein concentrate was developed. To prepare the fractions, solutions containing from 7% (w/w) to 25% (w/w) whey protein concentrate (WPC75) were sparged with carbon dioxide (CO2) in a batch reactor. The effects of pressure, temperature, concentration, and residence time on the distribution of the individual whey proteins in each fraction were investigated. Best results were obtained for 7% (w/w) WPC75 solutions, at reactor fill pressures of 4140 kPa and 5520 kPa, temperature of 64C and reactor residence time of 10 min. Gel electrophoresis of unpurified enriched samples showed that recovery of alpha-La was approximately 55 % and that of beta-Lg was 78%. The resulting fractions have a pH of 6.0 and contain no added salts. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Engn Sci Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Tomasula, PM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Engn Sci Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0145-8892 J9 J FOOD PROCESS PRES JI J. Food Process Preserv. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 22 IS 6 BP 463 EP 476 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4549.1998.tb00363.x PG 14 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 160RZ UT WOS:000078246000003 ER PT J AU Dorsa, WJ Cutter, CN Siragusa, GR AF Dorsa, WJ Cutter, CN Siragusa, GR TI Long-term bacterial profile of refrigerated ground beef made from carcass tissue, experimentally contaminated with pathogens and spoilage bacteria after hot water, alkaline, or organic acid washes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; LACTIC-ACID; MEAT; RAW; TEMPERATURES; STRAINS; ATMOSPHERES; SURVIVAL; STORAGE AB The effects of 2% (vol/vol) lactic acid (LA), 2% (vol/vol) acetic acid (AA), 12% (wt/vol) trisodium phosphate (TSP), 72 degrees C water (HW), and 32 degrees C water (W) washes on bacterial populations which were introduced onto beef carcass surfaces after wash treatments were determined up to 21 days of storage at 4 degrees C of packaged ground beef prepared from the treated and inoculated carcasses. Beef carcass necks were collected from cattle immediately after harvest and subjected to the above treatments or left untreated (control). Neck meat was then inoculated with low levels (ca. <2 log(10)) of Listeria innocua, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Clostridium sporogenes contained in a bovine fecal cocktail. In general, growth of these four bacteria, aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and pseudomonads was suppressed or not observed in the ground beef when LA, AA, or TSP treatments were used as compared to the untreated control. HW or W washes offered little suppression of growth of pathogens during subsequent storage of ground beef when these bacteria were introduced onto beef tissue posttreatment. Of the treatments used, a final LA or AA wash during the processing of beef carcasses offers the best residual efficacy for suppression of pathogen proliferation in ground beef during long-term refrigerated storage or short-term abusive temperature storage if these bacteria contaminate the carcass immediately after carcass processing. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Cutter, CN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 61 IS 12 BP 1615 EP 1622 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 147YN UT WOS:000077525500004 PM 9874338 ER PT J AU Manke, TR Wesley, IV Dickson, JS Harmon, KM AF Manke, TR Wesley, IV Dickson, JS Harmon, KM TI Prevalence and genetic variability of Arcobacter species in mechanically separated turkey SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SP-NOV; DIARRHEAL ILLNESS; BUTZLERI; CAMPYLOBACTER; FETUSES; HELICOBACTER; ORGANISMS; SKIRROWII; PCR AB A survey for Arcobacter spp, and Arcobacter butzleri in mechanically separated turkey was conducted during the winter of 1995 and summer and fall of 1996. Arcobacter spp. and A. butzleri were identified by polymerase chain reaction and species-specific oligonucleotide probes. Arcobacter spp. were isolated from 77% (303 out of 395) of the mechanically separated turkey samples with 74% (223 out of 303) of these samples positive for A. butzleri. Of the 121 A. butzleri isolates tested, 86 different patterns were evident following amplification of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences. The extent of generic polymorphism indicated multiple sources of contamination. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Enter Dis & Food Safety Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Dickson, JS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM jdickson@iastate.edu NR 35 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 61 IS 12 BP 1623 EP 1628 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 147YN UT WOS:000077525500005 PM 9874339 ER PT J AU Lakritz, L Fox, JB Thayer, DW AF Lakritz, L Fox, JB Thayer, DW TI Thiamin, riboflavin, and alpha-tocopherol content of exotic meats and loss due to gamma radiation SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID IRRADIATION; BISON; CHICKEN; TURKEY; MUSCLE; PORK AB Changes in thiamin, riboflavin, and a-tocopherol concentrations due to gamma irradiation were followed in alligator, caiman, bison, and ostrich (exotic) meats. The proximate composition showed that the exotic meats generally had lower fat content than domestic animal meats and that the thiamin content of the reptiles was lower. The changes in the vitamins due to irradiation were similar to those previously observed for domestic species. The results indicate that the loss of vitamins in these species is negligible insofar as the American diet is concerned, and that the concept of "chemiclearance" is applicable to exotic meats. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Thayer, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 61 IS 12 BP 1681 EP 1683 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 147YN UT WOS:000077525500015 PM 9874349 ER PT J AU Martin, DR Chan, J Chiu, JY AF Martin, DR Chan, J Chiu, JY TI Quantitative evaluation of pork adulteration in raw ground beef by radial immunodiffusion and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID AGAR-GEL IMMUNODIFFUSION; IDENTIFICATION FIELD-TEST; MEAT; ANTISERA; POULTRY; ELISA; DEER AB Quantitative estimates are important to establish whether pork adulteration in ground beef is accidental or intentional. A standard agar gel radial immunodiffusion (RID) test using forensic-grade antiserum to porcine albumin and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using forensic-grade anti-porcine glycoprotein immunoglobulin were used to determine from 1 to 75% raw pork in raw ground beef. The RID test, which incorporated 1.5% anti-pork serum in 1% immunodiffusion agar, formed precipitin rings with pork albumin in agar wells. A Linear standard curve was obtained by plotting the diffusion area against standard pork concentrations ranging from 0 to 80%. For the ELISA the endpoint optical density increased linearly versus log % pork between 0.0625% and 2% pork. In spiked samples, the RID test had a detection limit of 3 to 5%, a coefficient of variation (CV) of 22%, and a recovery of 105%. The ELISA had a detection limit of 1%, a CV of 18%, and a recovery of 114%. The mean recovery from the spiked samples by the ELISA and RID test was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from the known sample amounts. Quantitation by RID of 28 ground beef samples (27 of which were DTEK ELISA-positive for pork adulteration) revealed a wide range of pork content, with values as high as 48%. C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Western Lab, Alameda, CA 94501 USA. RP Martin, DR (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Western Lab, 620 Cent Ave,Bldg 1, Alameda, CA 94501 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 61 IS 12 BP 1686 EP 1690 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 147YN UT WOS:000077525500017 PM 9874351 ER PT J AU Drake, SR Neven, LG AF Drake, SR Neven, LG TI Irradiation as an alternative to methyl bromide for quarantine treatment of stone fruits SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article ID SWEET CHERRIES AB Irradiation can be used with cherries, apricots, or peaches as a quarantine treatment at 300gy's or less with little quality loss. Either irradiation or methyl bromide (MeBr) can be used as a quarantine treatment for 'Bing'' and 'Rainier' sweet cherries with acceptable results and similar fruit quality. Difference in stem condition and bruising were more evident for irradiated 'Rainier' cherries than for MeBr treated 'Rainier' cherries, but these differences were small. Use of irradiation results in some firmness loss, for 'Bing' cherries when compared with MeBr, but irradiation treatment of cherries does not result in a loss of fruit and stem color, where the use of MeBr doses result in both fruit and stem color loss. Apricots ('Perfection' and 'Rival') and peaches ('Regina') are tolerant to irradiation at 300 gy with little quality loss. Loss of firmness, color changes and increased infernal breakdown are evident in both apricots and peaches at irradiation dose above 600 gy. If irradiation dose above 600 gy is required to meet quarantine requirements unacceptable quality loss will occur in cherries, apricots and peaches. C1 ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. ARS, USDA, Fruit & Vegeatble Insect Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Drake, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 21 IS 6 BP 529 EP 538 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.1998.tb00542.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 150WP UT WOS:000077689100008 ER PT J AU Miller, AJ Smith, JL Buchanan, RL AF Miller, AJ Smith, JL Buchanan, RL TI Factors affecting the emergence of new pathogens and research strategies leading to their control SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; EMERGING FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; CHOLERAE O139 BENGAL; STABLE ENTERO-TOXIN; FOOD-BORNE DISEASE; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; ARCOBACTER-BUTZLERI; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS AB Control of foodborne emerging or reemerging microbial pathogens has proven to be difficult. Even the HazardAnalysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) approach is intended to manage known hazards. We propose that each change occurring in the food chain - encompassing human, technological, and environmental factors - creates a new selection pressure that drives microbial adaptation and emergence potential. Escherichia coli O157:H7 is examined here, as a case study, to illustrate the multidimensional nature of pathogen emergence. While future emergence or reemergence events are expected, the fundamental questions of what, where, who, when, and how such events will unfold are unknown. Contingency planning can provide responses to probable hazard scenarios, with a goal of developing practical controls. Examples of potential microbial hazards and changes in the food chain are presented. Once a hazard, associated food, locale, and at-risk population are identified, critical acute research questions need to be answered. Longer term research will improve our ability to respond to the next inevitable emergence event. Such coordinated endeavors will permit rapid modification and deployment of a science-based hazard management system that will prevent or minimize human risks. C1 ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Miller, AJ (reprint author), US FDA, 200 C St SW, Washington, DC 20204 USA. EM amiller@bangate.fda.gov NR 84 TC 15 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 18 IS 4 BP 243 EP 263 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.1998.tb00219.x PG 21 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 157VE UT WOS:000078081700001 ER PT J AU Oscar, TP AF Oscar, TP TI The development of a risk assessment model for use in the poultry industry SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA AB A simulation model that assesses the risk of acquiring salmonellosis from consumption and handling of chicken was created in an Excel(TM) spreadsheet and was simulated using @Risk(TM). The model simulated the distribution, preparation, and consumption of 1,000 chickens and was designed to determine the relationship between the level of Salmonella contamination on chickens at the processing plant exit and the risk of salmonellosis for consumers of the chickens. A scatter plot of the probability of acquiring salmonellosis from consumption of the chickens simulated versus the Salmonella load on the chickens at the processing plant exit clearly showed that highly (i.e., > 100 Salmonella/bird) contaminated chickens at the plant exit did not necessarily pose greater risk of salmonellosis than lightly (i.e., < 10 Salmonella/bird) contaminated chickens at the plant exit. Rather, greater risk of salmonellosis was realized from lightly contaminated chickens when they were temperature-abused, undercooked, and consumed by someone from the high risk population. C1 Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, USDA, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Oscar, TP (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Agr Res Serv, USDA, 1124 Trigg Hall, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 5 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 18 IS 4 BP 371 EP 381 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.1998.tb00227.x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 157VE UT WOS:000078081700009 ER PT J AU Barlow, SA Munn, IA Cleaves, DA Evans, DL AF Barlow, SA Munn, IA Cleaves, DA Evans, DL TI The effect of urban sprawl on timber SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID PRIVATE FOREST PRACTICES; LAND-USE AB In Mississippi and Alabama, urban population growth is pushing development into rural areas. To study the impact of urbanization on timber harvesting, census and forest inventory data were combined in a geographic information system, and a logistic regression model was used to estimate the relationship between several variables and harvest probabilities. Although proximity to good roads increases the likelihood of harvesting, almost all measures of urbanization-but particularly proximity to development and higher population density-lead to lower harvesting rates. Further, reductions in normal silvicultural harvests outweigh the increases in conversion harvests and lead to a short-run decrease in supply. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Social Sci Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Barlow, SA (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Social Sci Res Ctr, Box 9628, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 18 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 96 IS 12 BP 10 EP 14 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 147CV UT WOS:000077471100005 ER PT J AU Arno, SF AF Arno, SF TI Fire ecology in Scandinavian forests SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID BOREAL FOREST AB The fire ecology of Scandinavian forests and its management implications have many parallels to forests of the American West. As in the United States, the policy of fire exclusion has yielded to a broader understanding of fire ecology, and both silviculture and prescribed fire are being used in Scandinavia to restore fire-dependent forests. These observations were made during the Society of American Foresters tour of Norway and Sweden in May 1998, which covered forest ecology, management, and utilization, as well as the long history of human use of forests. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Arno, SF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM sarno/rmrs_missoula@fs.fed.us NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 96 IS 12 BP 20 EP 23 PG 4 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 147CV UT WOS:000077471100007 ER PT J AU Reese, DA Welsh, HH AF Reese, DA Welsh, HH TI Comparative demography of Clemmys marmorata populations in the trinity river of California in the context of dam-induced alterations SO JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATTERNS AB Western pond turtle (Clemmys marmorata) populations were examined on two forks of the Trinity River in northern California, one of which is subject to the impacts of damming and one of which is free-flowing. Mark-recapture was conducted over a three-year period for each population, and the Jolly-Seber model was used to estimate population size. Size/age structures were compared with reference to potential impacts of damming on this species. The density of populations (turtles/ha) on the dammed fork (mainstem Trinity) did not differ significantly from that on the undammed fork (south fork Trinity). However, both populations were much sparser than western pond turtle populations elsewhere Higher-order streams, in general, do not appear to support high densities of western pond turtles, possibly because of the sparse distribution of resources. The mainstem population had an age structure dominated by adults relative to a population with a known stable age distribution, suggesting that damming of the mainstem Trinity may have negatively impacted juvenile turtles. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Museum Vertebrate Zool, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Welsh, HH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 7 PU SOC STUDY AMPHIBIANS REPTILES PI ST LOUIS PA C/O ROBERT D ALDRIDGE, ST LOUIS UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 3507 LACLEDE, ST LOUIS, MO 63103 USA SN 0022-1511 J9 J HERPETOL JI J. Herpetol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 32 IS 4 BP 505 EP 515 DI 10.2307/1565204 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 148FP UT WOS:000077494600006 ER PT J AU Cienciala, E Running, SW Lindroth, A Grelle, A Ryan, MG AF Cienciala, E Running, SW Lindroth, A Grelle, A Ryan, MG TI Analysis of carbon and water fluxes from the NOPEX boreal forest: Comparison of measurements with FOREST-BGC simulations SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE transpiration; evapotranspiration; eddy correlation; photosynthesis; conductance; drought; water deficit; scaling; ecosystem; budget; BOREAS ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; REGIONAL APPLICATIONS; GENERAL-MODEL; PICEA-ABIES; TRANSPIRATION; EXCHANGE; CLIMATE; CANOPY AB The ecosystem process model, FOREST-BGC, was applied on a stand in the NOPEX region in central Sweden. It was compared with measured data of net ecosystem carbon flux (F-n) and transpiration (E-Q) on a daily basis. Using the parameterized model, yearly budgets of carbon and water were constructed. F-n was obtained from eddy correlation measurements on a tower at heights of 35 and 100 m. E-Q was obtained from sap how measurements using a heat balance method. The model predictions were generally good, considering the relatively low requirements for input parameters. The explained variability of E-Q was high (95%), particularly relative to the presence of large water deficit conditions on the site. The explained variability of F-n, was lower: it was 50% and 66% when compared to the measurements at 35 and 100 m, respectively. These results reflect the large spatial variability of F-n and the quantitative differences of measured F-n at the two heights over a patchy forest consisting of small stands of different age, density and pine/spruce composition (the validation was made prior to a detailed footprint analysis). The model performed differently for various periods during a year, which demonstrates the value of long-term measurements for model validations. The simulated yearly net carbon ecosystem uptake for the 50-year-old stand with a high leaf area index was 1.99 t ha(-1), with a range of 0.55-2.04 t ha(-1) for leaf area index of 3-6 observed at the NOPEX site. The model analysis of controls for mass fluxes showed that soil water shortage was the main limiting factor on the NOPEX site in the year studied. The comparative model run for the northern BOREAS site in central Canada indicated that a high atmospheric drought and plant resistance to water how frequently limited fluxes there. A more maritime climate of NOPEX site permits a larger gross production; however, larger respiration and decomposition rates reduce the quantitative differences of net ecosystem carbon uptake relative to the BOREAS site with a continental climate. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Soil Sci, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Prod Ecol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Cienciala, E (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Soil Sci, POB 7014, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Cienciala, Emil/F-1873-2011; Lindroth, Anders/N-4697-2014 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Cienciala, Emil/0000-0002-1254-4254; Lindroth, Anders/0000-0002-7669-784X NR 57 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 212 IS 1-4 BP 62 EP 78 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00202-9 PG 17 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 151LV UT WOS:000077722300005 ER PT J AU Schmugge, T AF Schmugge, T TI Applications of passive microwave observations of surface soil moisture SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE surface soil moisture; passive microwave observations ID SEMIARID RANGELANDS; MONSOON 90; RADIOMETER; ESTAR; SYSTEM; FIFE AB In large scale held experiments over the past 10 years, long wavelength microwave radiometers were used to map surface soil moisture with considerable success. These experiments, which include FIFE (87 & 89), Monsoon '90, Washita 92 and 94, and HAPEX-Sahel, covered a wide range of climatic regimes. The results from these experiments show that the microwave emission at the 21 cm wavelength is a strong function of surface (0-5 cm) soil moisture and thus can be used to map spatial and temporal variations of the moisture content of this soil layer. The salient results from these experiments will be presented and compared. The use of the surface soil moisture data to determine geophysical parameters such as evaporative fraction, soil evaporation and soil hydraulic properties will be discussed and results presented. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schmugge, T (reprint author), USDA, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 30 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 212 IS 1-4 BP 188 EP 197 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00209-1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 151LV UT WOS:000077722300013 ER PT J AU Ostos, MA Lopez-Miranda, J Ordovas, JM Marin, C Blanco, A Castro, P Lopez-Segura, F Jimenez-Pereperez, J Perez-Jimenez, F AF Ostos, MA Lopez-Miranda, J Ordovas, JM Marin, C Blanco, A Castro, P Lopez-Segura, F Jimenez-Pereperez, J Perez-Jimenez, F TI Dietary fat clearance is modulated by genetic variation in apolipoprotein A-IV gene locus SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE postprandial lipemia; apolipoprotein A-IV; (A-IV-347Ser) polymorphism; triglycerides; retinyl palmitate ID POSTPRANDIAL LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; MIDDLE-AGED SUBJECTS; CHYLOMICRON REMNANTS; RETINYL ESTERS; HUMAN-PLASMA; LIPEMIA; CHOLESTEROL; SERUM; MEN AB Previous studies have shown that the A-IV-347Ser polymorphism is associated with the variability in low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol response to dietary therapy, The present study was designed to evaluate the association of this polymorphism with the individual variability observed in postprandial lipemic response, This polymorphism was characterized in 50 healthy male subjects homozygous for the apolipoprotein (apo)E3 allele. All subjects were subjected to a vitamin A-fat load test. Blood was drawn at time 0 and every hour over a period of 11 hours. Cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) in plasma and lipoprotein fractions of CH, TG, and retinyl palmitate (RP) were determined, Data from the postprandial lipemia revealed that subjects with the A-IV-347Ser allele (n = 14) have a lower postprandial response in total TG (P < 0.025), large triglyceride rich lipoproteins (TRL) TG (P < 0.02), and small-TRL TG levels (P < 0.007), and a higher postprandial response in large-TRZ, apoA-IV (P < 0.006) and apoB-100 (P < 0.041) levels than subjects homozygous for the A-TV-347Thr subjects (n = 36). In conclusion, the modifications observed in postprandial lipoprotein metabolism associated with this polymorphism within the apoA-IV gene locus may be involved in the variability in LDL-CH response observed in subjects consuming high saturated fat diets. C1 Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Unidad Lipidos & Arteriosclerosis, Cordoba, Spain. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Perez-Jimenez, F (reprint author), Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, Unidad Lipidos & Arteriosclerosis, Cordoba, Spain. OI Perez-Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-7499-7681; Perez Jimenez, Francisco/0000-0001-9808-1280; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 53 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 39 IS 12 BP 2493 EP 2500 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 148GK UT WOS:000077496700021 PM 9831639 ER PT J AU Becnel, JJ Johnson, MA AF Becnel, JJ Johnson, MA TI Pathogenicity tests on nine mosquito species and several non-target organisms with Strelkovimermis spiculatus (Nemata mermithidae) SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; Aedes albopictus; Aedes taeniorhynchus; Aedes triseriatus; Anopheles albimanus; Anopheles quadrimaculatus; biological control; Chironumus sp.; Copepoda; Corethrella brakeleyi; Corixidae; Culicidae; Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus; Culex restuans; Diptera; Dytiscidae; entomopathogenic nematodes; Ephydridae; host range; Mermithidae; mosquito; nematode; Odonata; non-target organisms; safety testing; Strelkovimermis spiculatus; Toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis AB Nine species of mosquitoes and several species of non-tar-get aquatic organisms were tested for susceptibility to the mermithid nematode, Strelkovimermis spiculatus, All species of Anopheles, Aedes, Culex, and Toxorhynchites exposed to S. spiculatus were susceptible. Of the nine mosquito species tested, C, pipiens quinquefasciatus had the greatest tolerance to initial invasion and the highest percent infection of those that survived. High levels of infection were also achieved with Aedes taeniorhynchus and A. albopictus, but these mosquitoes Were significantly less tolerant to parasitism than C. pipiens quinquefasciatus. Strelkovimermis spiculatus did not infect or develop in any of the non-target hosts tested. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Becnel, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 30 IS 4 BP 411 EP 414 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 196ZB UT WOS:000080339200003 PM 19274233 ER PT J AU Meyer, SLF Wergin, WP AF Meyer, SLF Wergin, WP TI Colonization of soybean cyst nematode females, cysts, and gelatinous matrices by the fungus Verticillium lecanii SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biocontrol; colonization; fungus; Heterodera glycines; light microscopy; nematode; scanning; electron microscopy; soybean; Verticillium lecanii ID SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS; HETERODERA-GLYCINES; FRANKLINIELLA-OCCIDENTALIS; PHEROMONE ANALOGS; SEX-PHEROMONE; PARASITISM; EGGS; CHLAMYDOSPORIUM; MANAGEMENT AB Heterodera glycines was grown in monoxenic culture on soybean roots anti then inoculated with the antagonistic fungus Verticillium lecanii. Use of root explant cultures allowed evaluation of the fungus-nematode interaction with the nematode attached to roots or removed from the host, and avoided contamination with other fungi. From 16 hours to 14 days following inoculation, female and cyst samples were examined with the light microscope, or prepared for either conventional or low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. Within 16 hours, hyphae had begun colonizing the gelatinous matrices (GM). The fungus proliferated in the GM of some specimens within a week, but was rarely seen in unhatched eggs Fungus penetration holes in female anti cyst walls were observed 3 days after inoculation; penetration through nematode orifices was not seen at that time. More cysts than females were colonized at the earliest sampling dates. Specimens associated with external hyphae exhibited variable internal colonization, ranging from no fungal penetration to extensive mycelial growth. C1 USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Meyer, SLF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, BARC W, Bldg 011A,Rm 165B,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 30 IS 4 BP 436 EP 450 PG 15 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 196ZB UT WOS:000080339200007 PM 19274237 ER PT J AU Meyer, SLF Roberts, DP Wergin, WP AF Meyer, SLF Roberts, DP Wergin, WP TI Association of the plant-beneficial fungus Verticillium lecanii with soybean roots and rhizosphere SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; colonization; fungus; Glycine max; Heterodera glycines; nematode; rhizosphere; soybean; Verticillium lecanii ID HETERODERA-GLYCINES; PHEROMONE ANALOGS; SEX-PHEROMONE; CYST-NEMATODE; PARASITISM; MANAGEMENT; GREENHOUSE; AGENT AB Colonization of sot bean roots by the biocontrol fungus Verticillium lecanii was studied in vitro and in situ. For in vitro experiments, V. lecanii was applied to soybean root tip explant cultures. Four weeks after inoculation, the fungus grew externally on at least half of the roots (all treatments combined), colonizing 31% to 71% of root length (treatment means). However, when a potato dextrose agar plug was available as a nutrient source for the fungus, root tips inoculated soon after transfer were trot colonized by V. lecanii unless Heterodera glycines was present. Scanning electron microscopy of colonized roots from in vitro cultures revealed a close fungus-root association, including fungal penetration of root cells in some specimens. In the greenhouse, soybeans in sandy soil and in loamy sand soil were treated with V. lecanii applied in alginate prills. The fungus was detected at greater depths From the sandy soil than from the loamy sand soil treatment, but fungus population numbers were small and variable in both soils. Root box studies coupled with image processing analysis of the spatial distribution of V. lecanii in sand) soil supported these findings. Verticillium lecanii was detected randomly in the rhizosphere and soil of root boxes, and was rarely extensively distributed. These in vitro and in situ experiments indicate that V. lecanii can grow in association with soybean roots but is a poor colonizer of soybean rhizosphere in the soil environment. C1 USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Bicontrol Plant Dis Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Meyer, SLF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, BARC W, Bldg 011A,Rm 165B,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 30 IS 4 BP 451 EP 460 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 196ZB UT WOS:000080339200008 PM 19274238 ER PT J AU Timper, P Riggs, RD AF Timper, P Riggs, RD TI Variation in efficacy of isolates of the fungus ARF against the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ARF; Arkansas Fungus 18; biological control; efficacy; Heterodera glycines; nematode; nematophagous fungus; soybean; soybean cyst nematode; suppression AB An unnamed fungus, designated ARF, that parasitizes eggs and sedentary stages of cyst nematodes is a potential biological control agent of Heterodera glycines. The objectives of this study were to determine whether XRF isolates differ in their ability to suppress nematode numbers in soil and to compare the efficacy of ARF in heat-treated and native soil. The effectiveness of 11 ARF isolates,vas compared by introducing homogenized mycelium into heat-treated soil. Soybean seedlings were transplanted into pots containing fungus-infested soil and inoculated with H. glycines. After 30 or 60 days, the number of nematodes and the percentage of parasitized eggs were determined. Three isolates (907, 908, and TN14), which were previously reported to be weak egg parasites in vitro, consistently suppressed nematode numbers by 90% to 100%. Of the isolates previously reported to be aggressive egg parasites, four (903, BG2, MS3, and TN12) reduced nematode numbers by 56%, to 69%, in at least one experimental trial, but the other four had no effect on nematode numbers. When the efficacy of isolate TN14 was tested in heat-treated and native soil, nematode suppression was greater in the heat-treated soil in only one of two trials. In both soil treatments, nematode numbers were reduced by more than 60%. We conclude that virulence toward nematode eggs in vitro is a poor indicator of effectiveness of an ARF isolate in soil, and that the presence of soil microbes may reduce, but does not completely inhibit, activity of isolate TN14. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Timper, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nematodes Weeds & Crops Res Unit, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 30 IS 4 BP 461 EP 467 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 196ZB UT WOS:000080339200009 PM 19274239 ER PT J AU Noel, GR Liu, ZL AF Noel, GR Liu, ZL TI Esterase allozymes of soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, from China, Japan, and the United States SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allozyme; biogeography; colonization; esterase polymorphism; founder effect; Heterodera glycines; parsimony; phylogenetic analysis; soybean cyst nematode ID GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; INTRODUCED POPULATIONS; EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS; PATTERNS; POLYMORPHISM; MELOIDOGYNE; SYSTEMATICS; GASTROPODA; SPECIATION; TOAD AB Individual females from 19 populations of Heterodera glycines from China, Japan, and the United States were analyzed for esterase allozyme polymorphism. Eight esterase electrophoretic phenotypes were resolved. Four putative loci, est-1, est-2 est-3 and est-4, were identified, having one, one, two, and one allele, respectively. The four loci expressed six genotypes in the four Chinese populations. Loci est-2, est-3, and est-4 were identified in five Japanese populations and expressed five genotypes, whereas only loci est-2 and est-3 were identified in 10 populations from the United States and expressed four genotypes. Putative alleles at each locus were defined as characters for data analysis. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (PAUP) was utilized to determine relationships among the 19 populations. More loci and alleles in populations from China and phylogenetic similarities among populations from Japan and the United States are consistent with a founder effect resulting from dissemination of progenitor H. glycines from China to Japan anti subsequent introductions of founder populations from Japan to the United States. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Noel, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 30 IS 4 BP 468 EP 476 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 196ZB UT WOS:000080339200010 PM 19274240 ER PT J AU Rumpler, WV Baer, DJ Rhodes, DG AF Rumpler, WV Baer, DJ Rhodes, DG TI Energy available from corn oil is not different than that from beef tallow in high- or low-fiber diets fed to humans SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE energy expenditure; thermic effect of food; dietary fat; dietary fiber; humans ID METABOLIZABLE ENERGY; INDIRECT-CALORIMETRY; ACID EXCRETION; FATTY-ACIDS; MEN; RATS; EXPENDITURE; DIGESTIBILITY; OXIDATION; THERMOGENESIS AB The impact of the source of dietary fat and the level of dietary fiber on digestibility and energy metabolism were studied in human (six male, six female) volunteers. Subjects were divided into two diet treatment groups, high fiber [29.0 g total dietary fiber (TDF)/d] and low fiber (18.6 g TDF/d), for the duration of the study. Each participated in three, 2-wk controlled feeding periods, Either beef tallow (BT), corn oil (CO) or carbohydrate (CHO) was added (25% of diet energy) to a base diet in a three-way crossover study. Energy expenditure, substrate oxidation and digestibility determinations were conducted at the end of each period. The protein, fat and CHO digestibility of the base diet was significantly different between the fiber levels. The digestibility (high-fiber/low-fiber) averaged 82%, 90% for protein, 96% and 98% for fat. After adjusting for TDF, the CHO digestibility averaged 96% and was not different between fiber levels. The digestibility of the added CO and BT was 99.6 and 99.8% respectively, and was not significantly different between the fiber levels, No significant differences in 24-h energy expenditure existed nor the thermic effect of food due either to fiber level or between the CHO, BT or CO. Fat oxidation in subjects consuming the low-fiber diet was 14% higher (P < 0.03) with the BT treatment than with the CO treatment but not different in those that consumed the high-fiber diet. The energy value of the two fat sources was not different but their utilization by individuals near energy balance may lead to differences in long-term weight maintenance. C1 ARS, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rumpler, WV (reprint author), ARS, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Bldg 308,Rm 206,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 128 IS 12 BP 2374 EP 2382 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 148UV UT WOS:000077552500013 PM 9868184 ER PT J AU Cao, GH Russell, RM Lischner, N Prior, RL AF Cao, GH Russell, RM Lischner, N Prior, RL TI Serum antioxidant capacity is increased by consumption of strawberries, spinach, red wine or vitamin C in elderly women SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE fruit; vegetable; red wine; antioxidant capacity; humans ID RADICAL ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; BETA-CAROTENE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; FLAVONOID INTAKE; CONTROLLED TRIAL; VEGETABLES; CANCER AB It is often assumed that antioxidant nutrients contribute to the protection afforded by fruits, vegetables, and red wine against diseases of aging. However, the effect of fruit, vegetable and red wine consumption on the overall antioxidant status in human is unclear. In this study we investigated the responses in serum total antioxidant capacity following consumption of strawberries (240 g), spinach (294 g), red wine (300 ml) or vitamin C (1250 mg) in eight elderly women. Total antioxidant capacity was determined using different methods: oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay and ferric reducing ability (FRAP) assay. The results showed that the total antioxidant capacity of serum determined as ORAC, TEAC and FRAP, using the area under the curve, increased significantly by 7-25% during the 4-h period following consumption of red wine, strawberries, vitamin C or spinach. The total antioxidant capacity of urine determined as ORAC increased (P < 0.05) by 9.6, 27.5, and 44.9% for strawberries, spinach, and vitamin C, respectively, during the 24-h period following these treatments. The plasma vitamin C level after the strawberry drink, and the serum urate level after the strawberry and spinach treatments, also increased significantly. However, the increased vitamin C and urate levels could not fully account for the increased total antioxidant capacity in serum following the consumption of strawberries, spinach or red wine. We conclude that the consumption of strawberries, spinach or red wine, which are rich in antioxidant phenolic compounds, can increase the serum antioxidant capacity in humans. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Nutr Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Prior, RL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 46 TC 321 Z9 327 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 1998 VL 128 IS 12 BP 2383 EP 2390 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 148UV UT WOS:000077552500014 PM 9868185 ER EF