FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Ding, ST Smith, EO McNeel, RL Mersmann, HJ AF Ding, ST Smith, EO McNeel, RL Mersmann, HJ TI Modulation of porcine adipocyte beta-adrenergic receptors by hormones and butyrate SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE receptors; pigs; adipose tissues; glucocorticoids; insulin; thyroid hormones; butyrates ID RAT ADIPOSE-TISSUE; BETA-3-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION; 3T3-F442A ADIPOCYTES; BETA(3)-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS; RAPID COMMUNICATION; DOWN-REGULATION; MESSENGER-RNA; EXPRESSION; BINDING AB The beta-adrenergic receptors (beta AR) on the surface of mammalian cells are desensitized when the cell is stimulated by beta AR agonists to eliminate excessive response by the cell. Investigations with adipocytes, primarily rodent-derived cells, indicate other hormones and substrates also can modulate the individual beta AR subtypes. For example, glucocorticoids decrease the beta 1AR and the beta 3AR but increase the beta 2AR. Insulin decreases the beta 3AR. Thyroid hormones increase the beta 3AR and butyrate increases beta 1AR and beta 2AR but dramatically decreases beta 3AR. Because porcine adipocytes have unique functional and ligand-binding properties compared to rodent adipocytes and because porcine adipocytes contain predominantly beta 1AR, compared to rodent adipocytes with predominantly beta 3AR, we expect the regulation of porcine adipocyte beta AR by hormones and substrates to be different from that in rodent adipocytes. Isolated porcine adipocytes were incubated for 6 and 21 h without and with dexamethasone, insulin, triiodothyronine, or butyrate. Cells incubated without hormone or butyrate had a decreased beta AR number at 21 h. The beta 1AR and beta 2AR transcript concentrations were decreased after 6 h and tended to rebound after 21 h of incubation. Dexamethasone did not change the total beta AR number but tended to increase the beta 1AR and beta 2AR transcript concentrations. Insulin increased the beta AR number and decreased both transcript concentrations at 21 h. Triiodothyronine and butyrate did not change the receptor number or transcript concentrations. The results indicate that beta AR transcript concentrations do not accurately predict the beta AR protein concentration (estimated by ligand binding). Results also indicate that beta AR in porcine adipocytes are relatively unresponsive to hormones and butyrate compared to rodent-derived adipocytes described in the literature. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Ding, ST (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Ding, Shih-Torng/0000-0002-9866-1776 NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 78 IS 4 BP 927 EP 933 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 334ZX UT WOS:000088217900017 PM 10784182 ER PT J AU McNeel, RL Ding, ST Smith, EO Mersmann, HJ AF McNeel, RL Ding, ST Smith, EO Mersmann, HJ TI Effect of feed restriction on adipose tissue transcript concentrations in genetically lean and obese pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adipocytes; messenger RNA; obesity; pigs; food restriction; transcription factors ID HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE; PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS; FATTY-ACID SYNTHASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; MESSENGER-RNA; ZUCKER RATS; PPAR-GAMMA; SWINE; ADIPOGENESIS AB To determine possible genetic influences on the steady-state concentrations of several key transcription factor transcripts and the transcript concentrations for adipocyte-characteristic proteins, young, genetically obese and lean pigs were given ad libitum access or feed or were restrictively fed at 50% of ad libitum intake for 5 wk. Obese pigs were smaller and fatter than lean pigs, whether intake was ad Libitum or restrictive. Plasma protein, albumin, and cholesterol concentrations were greater in obese than in lean pigs. Plasma NEFA, blood urea nitrogen, triacylglycerols, and postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations were less (P < .02) in pigs fed restrictively than in pigs with ad libitum access to feed, regardless of genetic group. The adipose tissue glucose transporter 4, fatty acid synthase, and leptin transcript concentrations were greater (P < .05) in obese than in lean pigs. The CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins beta and alpha, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein, hormone-sensitive lipase, and the beta 1-adrenergic receptor transcript concentrations tended (P < .10) to be greater in adipose tissue from obese than in that from lean pigs. Several other transcripts were numerically greater in obese than in lean pigs. The data collectively suggest that messenger RNA concentration for several adipose tissue proteins is a contributing factor to the excess fat deposition in these obese pigs. Restricted feeding did not change the concentration of any transcript except that for adipocyte fatty acid binding protein, which was reduced. The accretion of fat was markedly reduced in the restrictively fed pigs, but this diminution does not seem to be regulated by modulation of messenger RNA concentration. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP McNeel, RL (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013; OI Ding, Shih-Torng/0000-0002-9866-1776 NR 49 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 78 IS 4 BP 934 EP 942 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 334ZX UT WOS:000088217900018 PM 10784183 ER PT J AU Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Koohmaraie, M AF Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Koohmaraie, M TI Variation in proteolysis, sarcomere length, collagen content, and tenderness among major pork muscles SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE collagen; muscle; pork; proteolysis; sarcomere length; tenderness ID POSTMORTEM PROTEOLYSIS; PALATABILITY TRAITS; LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE; CARCASS TRAITS; SHEAR FORCE; BEEF; MEAT; TENDERIZATION; BOVINE; CALPAINS AB The objectives of this experiment were to determine the extent of variation in proteolysis, sarcomere length, and collagen content among pork muscles and the association of those factors with tenderness variation among muscles at I d postmortem. Twenty-three white composite harrows were slaughtered and carcasses (66 kg) were chilled at 0 degrees C for 24 h. At 1 d postmortem, the longissimus lumborum, biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and triceps brachii, long head were dissected from one side of each carcass and frozen. Trained sensory panelists evaluated tenderness, amount of connective tissue, juiciness, and perk flavor intensity of grilled (70 degrees C) chops on 8-point scales. Raw chops were used for total collagen content, sarcomere length, and the extent of desmin proteolysis. Tenderness ratings were highest (P < .05) for semitendinosus (7.2) and triceps brachii (7.1), followed by longissimus lumborum (6.4) and semimembranosus (5.7) and were lowest (P < .05) for biceps femorus (4.0). The simple correlations between longissimus lumborum tenderness and the tenderness of other muscles were .54 (semimembranosus), .34 (semitendinosus), .36 (triceps branchii), and .17 (biceps femorus). Total collagen was highest (P < .05) for biceps femorus (7.1 mg/g muscle), followed by triceps branchii (6.0 mg/g) and semitendinosus (5.3 mg/g), and lowest for semimembranosus (4.5 mg/g) and longissimus lumborum (4.1 mg/g). Sarcomere length was longest (P < .05) for semitendinosus (2.5 mu m) and triceps branchii (2.4 mu m), followed by semimembranosus (1.8 mu m), longissimus lumborum (1.8 mu m), and biceps femorus (1.7 mu m) Proteolysis of desmin was greatest (P < .05) in longissimus lumborum (39.3%), followed by semimembranosus (21.0%) and biceps femoris (18.5%), then semitendinosus (.2%)and triceps brachii (.2%). Multiple linear regression using total collagen, sarcomere length, and proteolysis accounted for 57% of the variation in tenderness rating among all samples. Piecewise linear regression was used to account for the interaction of sarcomere length with proteolysis and collagen. This analysis accounted for 72% of the variation in tenderness rating. Variation in collagen, proteolysis, and sarcomere length and the degree of their interaction with one another determine the tenderness of individual muscles. C1 ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Wheeler, TL (reprint author), ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 FU NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-7-3263] NR 39 TC 114 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 78 IS 4 BP 958 EP 965 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 334ZX UT WOS:000088217900021 PM 10784186 ER PT J AU Christiansen, AW AF Christiansen, AW TI Resorcinol-formaldehyde reactions in dilute solution observed by carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hydroxymethylated resorcinol; carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance; resorcinol-formaldehyde; chemical groups; reaction time ID RESINS AB A recently discovered coupling agent, hydroxymethylated resorcinol (HMR), based on resorcinol-formaldehyde, can greatly enhance wood-to-epoxy resin bond durability in exterior applications. However, for PIMR to be most effective, it needs to be prepared a few hours before it is applied to the wood surface. In this study, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to monitor composition of HMR as a function of time to characterize which chemical groups are present in solution when HMR is applied. A quantitative assessment of formaldehyde-derived groups required the use of 99% C-13-enriched formaldehyde. Hydroxymethyl groups, primarily attached to the 4-position of resorcinol, and hemiformal groups formed very quickly. Signals from methylene linkages between resorcinol rings began to appear 20 min into the reaction. Formaldehyde was consumed quickly; 95% was bound to resorcinol rings within 1.7 h. By 3 h, 16% had been converted to methylene linkages, and by 8.3 h, 40% was converted. Another set of NMR experiments was used to monitor the dependency of peak positions of resorcinol solution as a function of pH. These experiments showed significant effects, especially between pH 7.7 and 9.1, which explains chemical shift changes observed during the HMR reaction. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Christiansen, AW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD APR 1 PY 2000 VL 75 IS 14 BP 1760 EP 1768 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(20000401)75:14<1760::AID-APP10>3.0.CO;2-V PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 278TY UT WOS:000085006100010 ER PT J AU Li, H Dyer, N Keller, J Crawford, TB AF Li, H Dyer, N Keller, J Crawford, TB TI Newly recognized herpesvirus causing malignant catarrhal fever in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ALCELAPHINE HERPESVIRUS-1; SHEEP; VIRUS; RUMINANTS; PCR; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODY; GENOME; FAMILY AB Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) was diagnosed by clinical signs and lesions in five out of six white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in a North American zoo, The clinical signs and histopathological lesions in these deer were typical of MCF. Antibody to an epitope conserved among the MCF viruses was detected in the sera collected from the deer. PCR failed to amplify viral sequences from DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and/or spleens of the deer with primers specific for ovine herpesvirus 2 (OHV-2) or specific for alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AHV-1), By using degenerate primers targeting a conserved region of a herpesviral DNA polymerase gene, a DNA fragment was amplified from the PBL or spleens of all six deer and sequenced. Alignment of the sequences demonstrated that the virus in the deer belongs to the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily, exhibiting 82% identity to OHV-2, 71% to AHV-1, and 60% to a newly identified bovine lymphotropic herpesvirus, This virus, which causes classical MCF in white-tailed deer, is a newly recognized agent belonging to the MCF group of gammaherpesviruses, It is the third reported pathogenic MCF virus, genetically distinct but closely related to OHV-2 and AHV-1. The reservoir for the virus has not been identified. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet & Microbiol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Crawford, TB (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM crawford@vetmed.wsu.edu NR 32 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 38 IS 4 BP 1313 EP 1318 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 301GN UT WOS:000086302500001 PM 10747100 ER PT J AU Knoshaug, EP Ahlgren, JA Trempy, JE AF Knoshaug, EP Ahlgren, JA Trempy, JE TI Growth associated exopolysaccharide expression in Lactococcus lactis subspecies cremoris Ropy352 SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ropy; Lactococcus lactis; exopolysaccharide ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE-CLUSTER; YOGURT PRODUCTION; STARTER CULTURES; ACID BACTERIA; PLASMID; MILK; LACTOBACILLUS; STREPTOCOCCI; POLYMER AB A natural lactococcal isolate, Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris Ropy352, has been previously shown to express two phenotypically distinct exopolysaccharides (ropy and mucoid). This natural isolate was cultured on various media to explore the carbon requirements for exopolysaccharide expression. Ropy exopolysaccharide expression was optimal when grown in defined media rather than on M17-based media. Ropy352 was examined for inducible lysogenic phages. No lytic burst was observed in Ropy352 with ultraviolet light or mitomycin C for phage induction. The sugar compositions of the two phenotypically distinct exopolysaccharides were determined. The ropy exopolysaccharide is composed of galactose and glucose in the molar percents of 42 and 58%, respectively. The mucoid exopolysaccharide is composed of galactose, glucose, and mannose in the molar percents of 58, 29, and 13%, respectively. Mutational analysis revealed that mutations impairing ropy exopolysaccharide expression but not affecting mucoid exopolysaccharide expression could be isolated. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Biopolymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Trempy, JE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 44 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 83 IS 4 BP 633 EP 640 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 306HW UT WOS:000086592100004 PM 10791777 ER PT J AU Russell, JB Diez-Gonzalez, F Jarvis, GN AF Russell, JB Diez-Gonzalez, F Jarvis, GN TI Invited review: Effects of diet shifts on Escherichia coli in cattle SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Escherichia coli; acid-resistant; hay; grain ID IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; FERMENTATION ACIDS; INTRACELLULAR PH; FEEDLOT CATTLE; ORGANIC-ACIDS; O157-H7; BACTERIA; CALVES; DAIRY; RESISTANCE AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a pathogenic bacterium that causes acute illness in humans, but mature cattle are not affected. E. coli O157:H7 can enter the human food supply from cattle via fecal contamination of beef carcasses at slaughter. Previous attempts to correlate the incidence of E. coli O157:H7 with specific diets or feeding management practices gave few statistically significant or consistent findings. However, recent work indicates that cattle diets may be changed to decrease fermentation acid accumulation in the colon. When fermentation acids accumulate in the colon and pH decreases, the numbers of acid-resistant E. coli increase; acid-resistant E. coli are more likely to survive the gastric stomach of humans. When cattle were fed hay for a brief period (<7 d), acid-resistant E. coli numbers declined dramatically. Other workers have shown that brief periods of hay feeding can also decrease the number of cattle shedding E. coli O157:H7, and a similar trend was observed if cattle were taken off feed and exposed to simulated transport. These observations indicate that cattle feeding management practices may be manipulated to decrease the risk of foodborne illness from E. coli, but further work will be needed to confirm these effects. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. FU FDA HHS [FD-U-001576-0] NR 83 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 83 IS 4 BP 863 EP 873 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 306HW UT WOS:000086592100031 PM 10791804 ER PT J AU Cabin, RJ Marshall, DL AF Cabin, RJ Marshall, DL TI The demographic role of soil seed banks. I. Spatial and temporal comparisons of below- and above-ground populations of the desert mustard Lesquerella fendleri SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE creosote shrubland; creosote sub- and intershrub microhabitats; life-history stages; New Mexico; seed predation ID VARIABLE ENVIRONMENTS; DISPERSAL; PATTERNS; PREDATION; GERMINATION; GRASSLAND; RESOURCES; DORMANCY; SIZE; CONSEQUENCES AB 1 Although seed banks may often affect the colonization, succession and structure of surface plant communities, few studies have investigated the demographic relationship between seeds in the soil and above-ground plant populations over space and time. We examined this relationship in the perennial mustard Lesquerella fendleri between 1991 and 1994 within a New Mexico desert ecosystem characterized by open patches of soil (intershrub areas) interspersed with dominant creosote (Larrea tridentata) shrubs (subshrub areas). 2 For the first 2 years of the study, Lesquerella soil seed, surface plant and seed production densities were greater in subshrub vs. intershrub areas. Within the subshrub areas, there were more Lesquerella soil seeds and surface plants in the northern and central microsites, compared with the southern and perimeter microsites, respectively. The mean density of the subshrub seed bank did not increase following large inputs of new seeds (2400 seeds m(-2)) in the summer of 1992. In contrast, virtually all of the relatively modest Lesquerella intershrub seed production at this time (169 seeds m(-2)) appeared to survive, so that for the remainder of the study most soil seeds were found in the intershrub sites. This spatial reversal of seed bank densities preceded a similar switch in the relative densities of the Lesquerella sub- and intershrub surface plant populations in the last 2 years of the study. 3 This study supports the hypothesis that desert seed bank patchiness contributes to surface plant patchiness, but does not support the idea that seed banks are comprised primarily of seeds produced during favourable reproductive periods. Because there was a closer spatial match between Lesquerella soil seeds and surface plants than between soil seeds and seed production, the above-ground population may be limited to sites favourable for soil seed persistence. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Cabin, RJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 23 E Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 55 TC 28 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 88 IS 2 BP 283 EP 292 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00443.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300UR UT WOS:000086271800008 ER PT J AU Cabin, RJ Marshall, DL Mitchell, RJ AF Cabin, RJ Marshall, DL Mitchell, RJ TI The demographic role of soil seed banks. II. Investigations of the fate of experimental seeds of the desert mustard Lesquerella fendleri SO JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE creosote sub- and intershrub microsites; experimental seed banks; rodent seed predation; seed dispersal; seed fate model ID RECRUITMENT; PREDATION; PATTERNS; POPULATIONS; DISPERSAL; ECOLOGY; DIFFER; PLANT; RAIN; TREE AB 1 Although poorly studied and understood, the post-dispersal movements and fates of seeds may affect critically the subsequent structure of plant communities, particularly in desert ecosystems where seeds can be the most abundant or only viable form of many plant species. We investigated the fate of experimental seeds of the desert mustard Lesquerella fendleri by examining seed dispersal and predation, and by quantifying the proportion of seeds that germinated and survived as seedlings in three different microsites within a New Mexico desert shrubland. 2 We found very limited seed dispersal but strong density-dependent seed predation by rodents. There was a significant and consistent microsite effect in the proportion of soil seeds germinating and seedlings surviving to the end of the experiments. We did not find a consistent microsite effect for soil seed persistence, but did find a positive correlation between soil seed persistence and soil seed germination. Overall, these results indicate that seed predation may strongly affect the distribution of the seed bank, and that the abiotic environment may largely determine the extent to which soil seed populations in turn affect the distribution of emerging surface plants. 3 We present a seed fate model that synthesizes the results of the present and previous empirical investigations of the Lesquerella study system. This diagram illustrates how interactions among the abiotic environment, microsite variation and seed genotypes can determine which soil seeds successfully germinate and establish into the surface plant population. We suggest that the demography of desert surface plant populations may depend more on the time between seed inputs and the longevity of these seeds in the soil than on the amount of seeds produced at any one point in time and space. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Cabin, RJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 23 E Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RI Mitchell, Randall/G-6380-2010 OI Mitchell, Randall/0000-0001-7961-3560 NR 30 TC 34 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-0477 J9 J ECOL JI J. Ecol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 88 IS 2 BP 293 EP 302 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2745.2000.00444.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300UR UT WOS:000086271800009 ER PT J AU Tamez-Guerra, P McGuire, MR Behle, RW Hamm, JJ Sumner, HR Shasha, BS AF Tamez-Guerra, P McGuire, MR Behle, RW Hamm, JJ Sumner, HR Shasha, BS TI Sunlight persistence and rainfastness of spray-dried formulations of Baculovirus isolated from Anagrapha falcifera (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anagrapha falcifera baculovirus; formulations; spray drying; nuclear polyhedrosis virus; sunlight stability; rainfastness ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; LYMANTRIIDAE BACULOVIRUS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; HELIOTHIS; PROTECTANTS; STABILITY AB Nuclear polyhedrosis viruses such as the one isolated from the celery looper, Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby) (AfMNPV), have the potential to be successful bioinsecticides if improved formulations can prevent rapid loss of insecticidal activity from environmental conditions such as sunlight and rainfall. We tested 16 spray-dried formulations of AfMNPV to determine the effect of different ingredients (e.g., lignin, corn flour, and so on) on insecticidal activity after simulated rain and simulated sunlight (at Peoria, IL) and natural sunlight exposures (at Tifton, GA). The most effective formulation contained pregelatinized corn flour and potassium lignate, which retained more than half of its original activity after 5 cm of simulated rain, and almost full activity after 8 h of simulated sunlight. In Georgia, formulations made with and without lignin were compared for persistence of insecticidal activity when exposed to natural sunlight. In addition, the effect of fluorescent brighteners as formulation components and spray tank additives was tested. Results showed that the formulations with lignin had more insecticidal activity remaining after sunlight exposure than formulations without lignin. The inclusion of brighteners in the formulation did not improve initial activity or virus persistence. However, a 1% tank mix significantly enhanced activity and improved persistence. Scanning electron micrographs revealed discreet particles, and transmission electron micrographs showed virus embedded within microgranules. Results demonstrated that formulations made with natural ingredients could improve persistence of virus-based biopesticides. C1 ARS, Biol Agents Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. UANL, FCB, Dept Microbiol & Inmunol, San Nicolas De Los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico. ARS, REE, IBPMRL, USDA, Tifton, GA USA. RP McGuire, MR (reprint author), ARS, Biol Agents Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 24 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 93 IS 2 BP 210 EP 218 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 341PN UT WOS:000088598900005 PM 10826164 ER PT J AU Tamez-Guerra, P McGuire, MR Behle, RW Shasha, BS Wong, LJG AF Tamez-Guerra, P McGuire, MR Behle, RW Shasha, BS Wong, LJG TI Assessment of microencapsulated formulations for improved residual activity of Bacillus thuringiensis SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus thuringiensis; lepidoptera; biopesticide; spray dried formulations; lignin; pregelatinized corn flour ID SUNLIGHT; CRYSTALS AB Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner is a highly efficacious bioinsecticide used to control lepidopteran pests in the field. Unfortunately, it has limited residual activity on plants because sunlight inactivates spores and crystals and they can be washed off by rain. To minimize loss of activity, formulations must contain UV protectants, stickers, or both. We tested approximate to 80 formulations and determined optimal combinations of ingredients and spray drying conditions for improving B. thuringiensis residual activity after simulated rain and simulated sunlight. B. thuringiensis stability, after simulated sunlight (xenon light/8 h) and rain (5 cm/50 min), was improved using formulations based on lignin, corn flours, or both, with up to 20% of the active ingredient, when compared with technical powder or Dipel 2x in laboratory assays. Two formulations, made with corn flours or lignin + pregelatinized corn flour (PCF), killed 51.6 and 75.3% of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) neonates after rain, respectively, versus 27% for technical powder. When the insecticidal activity was tested after simulated sunlight, corn flour-based formulations killed 78.5% of test larvae, and the lignin + PCF formulation killed 70.4%, in contrast to technical powder which caused an average of 29% mortality. Formulations made with Dipel 2x rather than technical powder, caused 62.5% mortality (corn flour-based formulations), and 72.3% mortality (lignin + PCF), versus 53.4% for Dipel 2x after rain. When tested after simulated sunlight, formulations killed 95% of the larvae (average of both formulations) versus 82% for Dipel 2x. In a field test, formulations were applied to cabbage and insecticidal activity was determined against Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) neonates exposed to treated leaves. Insecticidal activity of the corn flour-based formulations was comparable to DiDel 2x for 4 d after treatment, but was significantly better than Dipel 2x 7 d after application. A lignin and PCF-based formulation showed significantly higher residual activity than Dipel 2x, 4 and 7 d after application. C1 ARS, Bioact AGents Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. UANL, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dept Microbiol & Inmunol, Sn Nicolas De Los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico. RP McGuire, MR (reprint author), ARS, Bioact AGents Res Unit, USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 16 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 93 IS 2 BP 219 EP 225 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 341PN UT WOS:000088598900006 PM 10826165 ER PT J AU Arbogast, RT Kendra, PE Weaver, DK Subramanyam, B AF Arbogast, RT Kendra, PE Weaver, DK Subramanyam, B TI Phenology and spatial pattern of Typhaea stercorea (Coleoptera : Mycetophagidae) infesting stored grain: Estimation by pitfall trapping SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Typhaea stercorea; hairy fungus beetle; stored grain; phenology; spatial distribution; trapping ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; INSECT INFESTATION; MAIZE AB The hairy fungus beetle, Typhaea stercorea (L.), occurs frequently in stored grain, often in large numbers. Populations infesting stored barley in Minnesota. corn in South Carolina. and wheat in Florida were sampled by means of grain probe traps. Spatial distribution of the species was examined by contour analysis of trap catch. In South Carolina, corn was sampled at 2 locations over 2 storage seasons, and temperature, moisture content, and malathion residues were measured. These data were used to examine phenology as well as spatial distribution. and showed peak trap catch shortly after harvest in the fall, and in the spring. This pattern followed seasonal changes in grain temperature, but there was no apparent relationship of trap catch to either grain moisture content or malathion residue. The populations of T. stercorea were not distributed randomly, but Mere largely concentrated in 1 or very few aggregations associated with the "spoutline," a region high in foreign material and broken grain that forms near the center of a bin as it is loaded. However, the spatial patterns were dynamic, even on a very small time scale (week to week). Numbers of insects in aggregations rose and fell, the areas involved expanded and contracted, the centers shifted, and secondary centers appeared and disappeared. These changes were apparently in response to changing patterns of grain temperature and moisture content. Secondary centers of aggregation often formed in warmer grain along bin walls. C1 ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Arbogast, RT (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 93 IS 2 BP 240 EP 251 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 341PN UT WOS:000088598900009 PM 10826168 ER PT J AU Peck, SL McQuate, GT AF Peck, SL McQuate, GT TI Field tests of environmentally friendly malathion replacements to suppress wild Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) populations SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; malathion; spinosad; phloxine B ID CAPITATA WIEDEMANN DIPTERA; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; BAIT SPRAYS; CALIFORNIA; HYMENOPTERA; PARASITOIDS; HOMOPTERA; SPINOSAD; TOXICITY; CITRUS AB This article reports a large-scale field test of two environmentally friendly malathion replacements on wild populations of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratatis capitata (Wiedemann): spinosad, a bacteria-derived toxin, and phloxine B, a red dye with phototoxic properties. The comparison test was conducted on 11 coffee fields infested with wild populations of Mediterranean fruit ny on the Hawaiian island of Kauai with 8-wk protein bait sprays with and without toxicants. To assess effectiveness. adults were trapped and larval infestation levels were evaluated with fruit collections. Malathion was found to he the most effective treatment. However, the two replacements save significant levels of control, and because they are environmentally safer, should be considered for eradicating incipient populations of this invasive species of fruit ny. Cage tests were also conducted to ensure that the wild flies consumed the bait and to assess how long the Lait-toxicant combination remained effective in the field. Although spinosad and phloxine B were found to be effective up to 1 wk, malathion remained effective at least 2 wk. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Zool, Provo, UT 84602 USA. ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Peck, SL (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Zool, Provo, UT 84602 USA. NR 34 TC 78 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 93 IS 2 BP 280 EP 289 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 341PN UT WOS:000088598900014 PM 10826173 ER PT J AU Elzen, GW Maldonado, SN Rojas, MG AF Elzen, GW Maldonado, SN Rojas, MG TI Lethal and sublethal effects of selected insecticides and an insect growth regulator on the boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) ectoparasitoid Catolaccus grandis (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Catolaccus grandis; Anthonomus grandis; insecticide; parasitoid ID INFESTATIONS; RESPONSES; TOXICITY AB A laboratory culture of Catolaccus grandis (Burks), an ectoparasitoid of the Loll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, was exposed to lethal and sublethal doses of insecticides and an insect growth regulator using a spray chamber bioassay. Materials tested were azinphos-methyl, endosulfan, fipronil, malathion, cyfluthrin, dimethoate, spinosad, methyl parathion, acephate, oxamyl, and tebufenozide. At full rates, spinosad was significantly less toxic to female C. grandis than other treatments except endosulfan. Fipronil and malathion were significantly more toxic to females than other treatments. Most of the chemicals tested were highly toxic to male C. grandis: spinosad was least toxic. At reduced rates, most of 4 selected chemicals tested were low in toxicity to C. grandis; however, a reduced rate of malathion was significantly more toxic to females than other treatments. No C. grandis pupae developed from parasitism during a 24-h treatment period with malathion or spinosad. The sex ratio of progeny from sprayed adults appeared to Le unaffected by the treatments. C1 ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, USDA, SARC, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Elzen, GW (reprint author), ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, USDA, SARC, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 93 IS 2 BP 300 EP 303 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 341PN UT WOS:000088598900017 PM 10826176 ER PT J AU Onsager, JA AF Onsager, JA TI Action windows for optimum control of rangeland grasshoppers (Orthoptera : Acrididae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE grasshoppers; rangeland; chemical control AB Different assemblages of primary and secondary pest grasshopper species were found in 5 different rangeland plant communities in western North Dakota. The action window for their control (i.e., the interval when control is likely to be efficacious) with short-lived insecticides can be visualized in terms of time, grasshopper phenology, or plant phenology. Action windows ranged from 14: d duration in habitats dominated by western wheatgrass to 38 d duration in habitats dominated by needle-and-thread or by crested wheatgrass. Action windows opened 11-15 d later in rhizominous grass habitats than in bunchgrass habitats because of increased presence of late-hatching secondary pest species. In ail habitat types, action windows closed primarily in response to imminent oviposition by a ubiquitous primary pest species, Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.). In all habitat types, action windows tended to open during seed development of 2 common and conspicuous grasses, needle-and-thread and green needlegrass. No such consistent indicator for closure of action windows was detected. C1 ARS, No Plains Agr Res Lab, USDA, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Onsager, JA (reprint author), 4141 Blackwood Rd, Bozeman, MT 59718 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 93 IS 2 BP 308 EP 314 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 341PN UT WOS:000088598900019 PM 10826178 ER PT J AU Haack, RA Petrice, TR Poland, TM AF Haack, RA Petrice, TR Poland, TM TI Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) emergence in relation to burial depth of brood logs SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tomicus piniperda; cultural control; exotic pest ID SCOTCH PINE; BEHAVIOR AB The pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.), is an exotic pest of pines, Pinus sop., that was first found in the United Slates in 1992. A federal quarantine currently regulates movement of pine Christmas trees and pine nursery stock from infested to uninfested counties. The current national Pine Shoot Beetle Compliance Management Program requires T. piniperda-infested brood material to be disposed of by burning, chipping, or burial. The burial option requires that the infested pine material be buried at a depth of at least 30 cm. We tested this requirement by burying logs with similar levels of infestation at 0, 15, 30, 15, 61 and 76 cm and then monitoring for T. piniperda emergence. Logs were buried at two times during larval development (early and late) and in two soil types (sandy loam and loam). Emergence patterns from the two soil types were similar. Overall, 1,747 T, piniperda adults were collected from the 24 exposed control logs, but only 34 adults from the 120 buried logs, including 24 adults from logs buried at 15 cm, eight adults from 30 cm, one adult from 45 cm. and one adult from 61 cm. In comparing mean emergence density from buried logs with that of exposed logs, 98.6% mortality occurred at 15 cm, 99.5% at 30 cm, and >99.9% at greater than or equal to 45 cm. Mean date of T. piniperda emergence to the soil surface was affected by burial depth and burial date, but not soil type. C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Haack, RA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1407 S Harrison Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 93 IS 2 BP 342 EP 346 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 341PN UT WOS:000088598900024 PM 10826183 ER PT J AU Mayer, DF Long, LE Smith, TJ Olsen, J Riedl, H Heath, RR Leskey, TC Prokopy, RJ AF Mayer, DF Long, LE Smith, TJ Olsen, J Riedl, H Heath, RR Leskey, TC Prokopy, RJ TI Attraction of adult Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera : Tephritidae) to unbaited and odor-baited red spheres and yellow rectangles SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rhagoletis indifferens; visual traps; odor traps; monitoring ID FRUIT-FLIES; AMMONIA; INSECTS; COLOR; TRAP; FLY AB Five sizes of red spheres (4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 cm diameter) and 2 orientations of yellow rectangles (vertical and V) were evaluated as unbaited sticky-coated traps for western cherry fruit flies, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, in unmanaged cherry trees in Washington and Oregon. Red spheres that were 10 cm in diameter attracted more flies than red spheres that were 8 or 12 cm in diameter and significantly more flies than 4- or 6-cm spheres and yellow rectangles of either orientation. In a 2nd test, red spheres (10 cm diameter) baited with ammonium carbonate alone or ammonium carbonate plus putrescine attracted significantly more R. indifferens than similar spheres baited with ammonium acetate alone, putrescine alone, 3-methyl-1-butanol alone, or combinations of these substances. In a 3rd test, vertical yellow rectangles baited with ammonium carbonate alone attracted numerically more R. indifferens than any of the aforementioned substances alone or in combination. We discuss the potential value of 10-cm red spheres baited with ammonium carbonate for monitoring and direct control of R. indifferens. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Extens, Dalles, OR 97058 USA. Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Extens, Mcminville, OR 97128 USA. Oregon State Univ, Mid Columbia Res & Extens Ctr, Hood River, OR 97031 USA. ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Entomol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Washington State Univ, Cooperat Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Mayer, DF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 93 IS 2 BP 347 EP 351 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 341PN UT WOS:000088598900025 PM 10826184 ER PT J AU Jackson, DM Peterson, JK AF Jackson, DM Peterson, JK TI Sublethal effects of resin glycosides from the periderm of sweetpotato storage roots on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera : Plutellidae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Plutella xylostella; sweetpotato; glycosides ID RHIZOMA JALAPAE-BRAZILIENSIS; DIAMONDBACK MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; NUTSEDGE CYPERUS-ESCULENTUS; POTATO IPOMOEA-BATATAS; SWEET-POTATO; SEED-GERMINATION; OPERCULIN-II; MURICATA; VII; RESISTANCE AB Resin glycoside material extracted from the periderm tissue of storage roots from sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam., was bioassayed for effects on survival, development, and fecundity of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). The resin glycoside was incorporated into an artificial diet and fed to P. xylostella larvae. First instars were placed individually into snap-top centrifuge vials containing artificial diet with one of six concentrations of resin glycoside material (0.00. 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, and 2.00 mg/ml). Each replication consisted of 10 individuals per concentration, and the experiment was repeated 13 times. Vials were incubated at 25 degrees C and a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) h in a growth chamber. After 6 d, surviving larvae were weighed and their sex determined, then returned to their vials. Later, surviving pupae were weighed and incubated at 25 degrees C until moths emerged. Females were fed, mated with males from the laboratory colony, and allowed to lay eggs on aluminum foil strips. Lifetime fecundity (eggs/female) was measured. There were highly significant negative correlations between resin glycoside levels and survival, and between glycoside levels and larval weight after 0 d of feeding. For larvae that lived at least 6 d, there was no additional mortality that could be attributed to the resin glycoside material. However, there was a significant positive correlation between glycoside dosages and developmental time of larvae (measured as days until pupation). Lifetime fecundity also was negatively affected at sublethal doses. Resin glycosides may contribute to the resistance in sweetpotato breeding lines to soil insect pests. C1 ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Jackson, DM (reprint author), ARS, US Vegetable Lab, USDA, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 93 IS 2 BP 388 EP 393 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 341PN UT WOS:000088598900031 PM 10826190 ER PT J AU Snodgrass, GL Scott, WP AF Snodgrass, GL Scott, WP TI Seasonal changes in pyrethroid resistance in tarnished plant bug (Heteroptera : Miridae) populations during a three-year period in the delta area of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tarnished plant bug; Lygus lineolaris; pyrethroid resistance; cotton ID INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; REPRODUCTIVE STATUS; COTTON; AGE; SEX AB Tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), were collected front weeds at 71 locations in the delta of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi and tested with a discriminating dose bioassay for pyrethroid resistance in the spring (April-May) and again at the same locations in the fall (September-October) in 1995-1997. Percentage of mortality in the discriminating dose bioassay declined significantly (pyrethroid-resistance increased) from spring to fall by an average 18.7, 21.3, and 21.7% in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi, respectively. Pyrethroid resistance declined significantly by 26.3% from the fall of 1995 to the spring of 1996 in Mississippi, but did not significantly decline in Arkansas (4.1%) and Louisiana (13.2%). Significant decreases in resistance occurred in all 3 states from the fall of 1996 to the spring of 1997 (17.1, 38.3, and 29.8% in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi, respectively). Plant bugs from 2 locations (Indianola, MS, and Wainwright, LA) had multiple insecticide resistance to a carbamate, 2 pyrethroid, and 4 organophosphorus insecticides. However, resistance to the organophosphate acephate in plant bugs from both locations was not significant. Possible causes for the significant increases and declines in resistance from season to season are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Snodgrass, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Lab, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 18 TC 39 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 93 IS 2 BP 441 EP 446 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 341PN UT WOS:000088598900039 PM 10826198 ER PT J AU Arthur, FH AF Arthur, FH TI Toxicity of diatomaceous earth to red flour beetles and confused flour beetles (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae): Effects of temperature and relative humidity SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tribolium castaneum; Tribolium confusum; flour beetles; diatomaceous earth; insecticides; surface treatment ID CYFLUTHRIN WETTABLE POWDER; AMORPHOUS SILICA DUST; SHORT-TIME INTERVALS; RESIDUAL TOXICITY; GRAIN BEETLE; INSECTICIDES; EFFICACY; DRYACIDE; AEROGEL; CONCRETE AB Red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and confused flour beetles, Tribolium confusum (DuVal), were exposed for 8-72 h to diatomaceous earth (Protect-It) at 22, 27, and 32 degrees C and 40, 57, and 75% RW (9 combinations). Insects were exposed to the diatomaceous earth at 0.5 mg/cm(2) on filter paper inside plastic petri dishes. After exposure, beetles were held for 1 wk without food at the same conditions at which they were exposed. Mortality of both species after initial exposure was lowest at 22 degrees C but increased as temperature and exposure interval increased, and within each temperature decreased as humidity increased, With 2 exceptions, all confused flour beetles were still alive after they were exposed at 22 degrees C, 57 and 75% RH. Mortality of both species after they were held for 1 wk was greater than initial mortality for nearly all exposure intervals at each temperature- humidity combination, indicating delayed toxic effects from exposure to diatomaceous earth. For both species, the relationship between mortality and exposure interval for initial and 1-wk mortality was described by linear, nonlinear, quadratic, and sigmoidal regression. Mortality of confused flour beetles was lower than mortality of red flour beetles exposed for the same time intervals for 46.7% of the total comparisons at the various temperature-relative humidity combinations. C1 ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 28 TC 88 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 14 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 93 IS 2 BP 526 EP 532 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 341PN UT WOS:000088598900050 PM 10826209 ER PT J AU Tillman, PG AF Tillman, PG TI Method for assessing larval survival for the boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE boll weevil; larval survival AB A method was developed for assessing larval survival for the bell weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman. Eggs were extracted from diet pellets, surface sterilized, and rinsed in sterile water. After eggs hatched on wet filter paper, first instars were transferred to indentations in diet to feed. Boil weevil larvae were monitored for activity, development, and survival until the surviving insects were adults. Using this method, we were able to obtain 95 to 97% larval survival with a healthy colony of boil weevils. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biol & Pest Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Tillman, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biol & Pest Management Res Lab, POb 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 35 IS 2 BP 136 EP 140 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 311BW UT WOS:000086865600005 ER PT J AU Legaspi, JC Legaspi, BC Saldana, RR AF Legaspi, JC Legaspi, BC Saldana, RR TI Evaluation of Steinernema riobravis (Nematoda : Steinernematidae) against the Mexican rice borer (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Steinernema riobravis; Eoreuma loftini; Mexican rice borer; sugarcane; nematode; biological control ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; HETERORHABDITIDAE; PERSISTENCE; RHABDITIDA; TEXAS; SOIL AB The virulency of an endemic nematode, Steinernema riobravis Cabanillas, Poinar and Raulston (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), was tested against the Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in the laboratory and field. Steinernema riobravis caused 100% mortality in E. loftini larvae at all concentrations of 20 to 240 nematodes per larva 2 d post treatment. Numbers of juvenile progeny increased significantly with inoculum dosage of nematodes. Average juvenile progeny ranged from 2,000 per borer larva at 10 nematodes per larva to over 4,000 per larva at 120 per larva. A field experiment on sugarcane (Saccharum spp. cv 'NCo 310') was performed using three treatments: (1) control (no nematodes); (2) low application rate (1.24 x 10(9) nematodes/ha); and, (3) high application rate (2.47 x 10(9) nematodes/ha). At weekly intervals, the field was sampled for numbers of internodes per stalk, numbers of internodes damaged by borer larvae, and parasitoids reared from larvae collected. The field results showed the nematode treatments were ineffective in reducing borer incidence or damage. Percentage of bored internodes and numbers of borers collected significantly increased with time, but treatment effects were not significant Numbers of parasitoids emerging from the larvae collected were too low to be analyzed statistically. Plant height, aboveground biomass, and juice quality were not significantly affected by treatment. The ineffectiveness of the nematode applications may be due to desiccation caused by exposure to sunlight and inadequate humidity, as well as poor contact with the target insect. C1 Texas Agr Expt Stn, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Legaspi, JC (reprint author), Texas Agr Expt Stn, 2415 E Hwy,83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 35 IS 2 BP 141 EP 149 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 311BW UT WOS:000086865600006 ER PT J AU Klun, JA Baranchikov, YN Mastro, VC Hijji, Y Nicholson, J Ragenovich, I Vshivkova, TA AF Klun, JA Baranchikov, YN Mastro, VC Hijji, Y Nicholson, J Ragenovich, I Vshivkova, TA TI A sex attractant for the Siberian moth Dendrolimus superans sibiricus (Lepidoptera : Lasiocampidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Z,E-5,7-dodecadienal; Z,E-5,7-dodecadien-1-ol; Z-5-dodecenal; E-7-dodecenal; Z-5-dodecen-1-ol; E-7-dodecen-1-ol; E-6-dodecen-1-ol ID PHEROMONE AB Field trapping experiments were conducted against the Siberian moth, Dendrolimus superans sibiricus Butler, in Siberia, Russia, using traps baited with a virgin female moth or 100 mu g synthetic mixtures of C-12 straight chain-length aldehydes, alcohols, and acetates alone or in combinations on rubber septa. Traps baited with a 1:1 blend of aldehydes and alcohols captured many males. The capture rate was similar to the rate of capture seen in traps baited with virgin females. The mixture of aldehydes and alcohols (64% Z,E-5,7-dodecadienal, 10% Z-5-dodecenal, 18% E-7-dodecenal, 8% E-6-dodecenal) and (64% Z,E-5,7-dodecadien-1-ol, 10% Z-5-dodecen-1-ol, 18% E-7-dodecen-1-ol, 8% E-6-dodecen-1-ol) can be used as a sex attractant to monitor endemic Siberian moth populations in Asia, and for surveillance and detection of the moth in countries where the insect might be accidentally introduced. C1 USDA ARS, Insect Chem Ecol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Klun, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Chem Ecol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 35 IS 2 BP 158 EP 166 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 311BW UT WOS:000086865600008 ER PT J AU Agusti, N Cohen, AC AF Agusti, N Cohen, AC TI Lygus hesperus and L-lineolaris (Hemiptera : Miridae), phytophages, zoophages, or omnivores: Evidence of feeding adaptations suggested by the salivary and midgut digestive enzymes SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amylase; protease; pectinase; invertase; hyaluronidase ID HOMOPTERA; INSECTA; HABITS AB Although Lygus hesperus Knight and L. lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae) are extremely destructive pests of a large Variety of crops, the exact nature of their feeding adaptations remains unresolved. We studied the digestive enzymes in the salivary gland complex and guts of L. hesperus and L. lineolaris to elucidate the feeding mechanism and to determine the relative zoophagous and phytophagous potential of each species. Most of the digestive enzyme activity in both species originated in the salivary gland complex rather than the gut. We found general protease activity in the salivary gland complexes and guts of both species, with the predominant activity in the salivary gland complexes. Trypsin-like enzyme activity was the predominant alkaline protease in both species, but L. hesperus had significantly more activity than did L. lineolaris. In both species trypsin-like activity was greater in the salivary gland complex than in the gut. Some elastase-like activity occurred in both body regions of both species. and there was no chymotrypsin-like activity in either body region of either species. Both alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.2) and pectinase (EC 3.2.1.15) were present in both regions but were predominant in the salivary gland complexes of both species, but activities of both enzymes were significantly greater in L. lineolaris than in L. hesperus. Both species lacked alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) in the salivary gland complex, but both had considerable activity of this maltose- and sucrose-digesting enzyme in the gut. Also, both species had phospholipase C (EC 3.1.4.3) activity in the gut but none in the salivary gland complex. Both species had very low to negligible lipase (triacylglycerol lipase, EC 3.1.1.3) contents in the gut and no measurable lipase in the salivary gland complex. Hyaluronidase (3.2.1.35) activity was lacking in both species' salivary glands and guts. These enzyme profiles suggest that both species are well suited for phytophagy, but that L. lineolaris may be slightly better suited to strict herbivory. C1 USDA ARS, MSA, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Agusti, N (reprint author), Inst Rec & Tecnol Agroalimentaries, Unitat Entomol Aplicada, Barcelona 08348, Spain. RI Agusti, Nuria/C-8318-2011 OI Agusti, Nuria/0000-0002-5908-4873 NR 30 TC 47 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 9 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 35 IS 2 BP 176 EP 186 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 311BW UT WOS:000086865600010 ER PT J AU Williams, L Tugwell, NP AF Williams, L Tugwell, NP TI Histological description of tarnished plant bug (Heteroptera : Miridae) feeding on small cotton floral buds SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cotton; feeding damage; floral bud abscission; extra-oral digestion AB Microscopic features of small cotton floral buds abscised due to Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) feeding and non-insect factors were identified and contrasted with healthy buds. Feeding damage appeared to be most common on staminal columns, developing anthers, and corollas. These tissues exhibited gross enlargement and varying degrees of cellular degradation. Fragmented cell walls were thinner and stained lighter than those that were intact. Desiccation of buds abscised due to Lygus feeding was irregular. Tissues of buds abscised due to non-insect factors stained uniformly and all cells were intact. Uniform basipetal desiccation throughout the bud occurred in non-insect damaged buds, especially in anthers, staminal columns, and carpels. Tissues and cells of healthy buds stained uniformly and consistently and were without structural abnormalities. The biochemical composition of male reproductive tissue of cotton floral buds appears to play an important role in the nutritional physiology of L. lineolaris. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Entomol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Williams, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 35 IS 2 BP 187 EP 195 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 311BW UT WOS:000086865600011 ER PT J AU Hansen, JD Sharp, JL AF Hansen, JD Sharp, JL TI Thermal death of third instars of the Caribbean fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) treated in different substrates SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE survival; heat; quarantine; fruit pulp blend ID HOT-WATER IMMERSION; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; 3RD INSTARS; MORTALITY RELATIONSHIPS; ANASTREPHA-SUSPENSA; FLIES DIPTERA; HEATED WATER; 1ST INSTARS; EGGS; LARVAE AB Eight substrates (air, water, artificial diet, and fruit pulp blends of guava, grapefruit, orange, mango, and orange) were examined for their impact on survival of third-instar Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), exposed to 40 degrees C for 67 min. Survival was the greatest for larvae heated in air (92.9 +/- 1.1%) and lowest in water (12.1 +/- 1.6%). Mortality was intermediate to high and similar among larvae heated in the fruit blends and artificial rearing diet. Percentage water and oxygen of each substrate, pH, and specific gravity did not affect larval mortality, but the type of substrate (air, water, fruit pulp blend) was significant. The upper thermal limits of a quarantine treatment can be screened for all pest life stages by testing time-temperature regimes using air as a substrate. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 35 IS 2 BP 196 EP 204 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 311BW UT WOS:000086865600012 ER PT J AU Venette, RC Luhman, JC Hutchison, WD AF Venette, RC Luhman, JC Hutchison, WD TI Survivorship of field-collected European corn borer (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) larvae and its impact on estimates of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE European corn borer; Bacillus thuringiensis; Bt corn; resistance management; resistance monitoring; parasitism; pathogens C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, USDA, APHIS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Midw Ecol Risk Assessment Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Venette, RC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, USDA, APHIS, 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 35 IS 2 BP 208 EP 212 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 311BW UT WOS:000086865600014 ER PT J AU Subbaiah, CC Kollipara, KP Sachs, MM AF Subbaiah, CC Kollipara, KP Sachs, MM TI A Ca2+-dependent cysteine protease is associated with anoxia-induced root tip death in maize SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE anoxia; root tip; cell death; cysteine protease ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; ARABIDOPSIS ROOTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; CYTOPLASMIC PH; THIOL PROTEASE; ZEA-MAYS; INDUCTION; TOLERANCE; SURVIVAL; HYPOXIA AB Imposition of anoxia on maize (Zea mays cv, B73) seedlings for 48 h or longer led to the death of the root tip. The necrosis extended into the root axis during postanoxic treatment, leading to the mortality of 30-50% of the seedlings. Using zymography, protease profiles in the root tissues of anoxic seedlings were studied. O-2 deprivation for 24 h or longer repressed pre-existing protease activities and induced a novel soluble enzyme in the roots. The anoxia-induced protease (AIP) activity was predominant in the root apex at 24 h of anoxia and, subsequently, became the most abundant soluble activity in the root axis as well. The induction of AIP and its in vitro renaturation were Ca2+-dependent. Inhibitor sensitivity studies indicated that AIP is a cysteine protease, In SDS-acrylamide gels, the enzyme activity migrated as a 23.5 kDa polypeptide, The anoxic induction of the activity was repressed by cycloheximide treatment, suggesting that new protein synthesis was required for the AIP appearance. Excision of the root tip (de-tipping) before anoxia led to a superior recovery of seedlings from stress injury. De-tipped seedlings showed lesser root damage and an increased production of lateral roots compared to intact seedlings. Furthermore, the superior anoxia tolerance of de-tipped seedlings was associated with a decreased AIP activity. Thus, the appearance of AIP activity in the root tip at 24 h of anoxia was spatially and temporally associated with the root tissue death. These studies further indicate that the root tip elimination early during anoxia may provide an adaptive advantage. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Subbaiah, CC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 37 TC 45 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD APR PY 2000 VL 51 IS 345 BP 721 EP 730 DI 10.1093/jexbot/51.345.721 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 309UF UT WOS:000086787100008 PM 10938864 ER PT J AU Tsuda, M Tyree, MT AF Tsuda, M Tyree, MT TI Plant hydraulic conductance measured by the high pressure flow meter in crop plants SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Article DE evaporative flux method; high pressure flow meter method; hydraulic conductance; root; shoot; water potential; variable conductance ID WATER TRANSPORT; RESISTANCE; FIELD; TRANSPIRATION; ROOTS; MODEL; TREES AB A new high pressure flow meter (HPFM) method for measuring plant hydraulic conductances (K) was investigated to examine whether its results are comparable to those from a conventional evaporative flux (EF) method in crops. Hydraulic conductance (K) was measured by the two methods under quasi-steady-state conditions in six crops grown in pots: soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Tsurunoko daizu), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Russian mammoth), kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Tsurunashi morocco), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Sekai-ichi), green pepper (Capsicum annuum L, cv, shishitou), and eggplant (Solanum melongena L, cv, Seiguro chunaga nasu). There was a 1:1 agreement between K values measured by the two methods for K values of whole plant, root and stem, and leaf under quasi-steady-state conditions. Leaf water potential (Psi(leaf)) and evaporative flux density (E) in sunflower was curvilinear, indicating whole plant K estimated by the EF method increased with increase of E, Predicted Psi(leaf) (=E divided by whole plant K measured by the HPFM method) agreed with measured Psi(leaf). Diurnal changes were also found in K measured by the HPFM confirming that K changed in response to temperature and E. The HPFM revealed that variable conductance was located in all organs: roots, stems, petioles, and leaves. These observations indicated that the HPFM is valid for crops as well as for trees (as previously established by Tsuda and Tyree) and has advantages over the EF method because of the speed and ease of the HPFM method. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Aiken Forestry Sci Lab, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Okayama Univ, Fac Agr, Okayama 7008530, Japan. RP Tyree, MT (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Aiken Forestry Sci Lab, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. NR 27 TC 115 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 38 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD APR PY 2000 VL 51 IS 345 BP 823 EP 828 DI 10.1093/jexbot/51.345.823 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 309UF UT WOS:000086787100019 PM 10938875 ER PT J AU Kozempel, M Goldberg, N Radewonuk, ER Scullen, OJ Craig, JC AF Kozempel, M Goldberg, N Radewonuk, ER Scullen, OJ Craig, JC TI Rapid hot dog surface pasteurization using cycles of vacuum and steam to kill Listeria innocua SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID MEAT AB The vacuum/steam/vacuum surface pasteurization process was applied to hot dogs inoculated on the surface with nonpathogenic Listeria innocua. Using the optimum conditions previously found for processing chicken carcasses as a starting point, optimum process conditions were determined for a hot dog treatment compatible with current process line speed. Cycling the treatment significantly improved the microbiological kill. At the optimum conditions of steam time of 0.3 s at 138 degrees C (two cycles), a bacteria kill >3 log CFU/ml was attained. Pasteurization, frequently considered to be a kill of >5 log CFU/ml, was reached by increasing the number of cycles to three. The surface pasteurization process should ensure that hot dogs reaching the consumer are free of Listeria. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Engn Sci Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Kozempel, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Engn Sci Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 2000 VL 63 IS 4 BP 457 EP 461 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 301XV UT WOS:000086336600006 PM 10772210 ER PT J AU Seo, KH Holt, PS Gast, RK Hofacre, CL AF Seo, KH Holt, PS Gast, RK Hofacre, CL TI Combined effect of antibiotic and competitive exclusion treatment on Salmonella Enteritidis fecal shedding in molted laying hens SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; BROILER CHICKS; BREEDER FLOCKS; LEGHORN HENS; INFECTIONS; LACTOSE AB Salmonella Enteritidis is an important pathogen for the layer industry, primarily because of its ability to infect hens and ultimately contaminate egg contents. Studies have shown that stress situations, such as hock recycling (induced molting), can increase Salmonella Enteritidis problems in the flock. The present study examined the effect of antibiotic treatment and competitive exclusion (CE) on Salmonella Enteritidis shedding in the period following molt and 14-day feed withdrawal. In two separate trials, 48 birds after molt and feed withdrawal were divided into one group that was treated for 10 days with enrofloxacin in water followed by administration of CE culture and a group that was left untreated. Salmonella Enteritidis shedding was significantly reduced in the antibiotic-CE group. The Salmonella Enteritidis shedding rate was 33 and 25% in untreated birds versus 4 and 0% in the enrofloxacin-CE group on the two test days. These results indicate that treatment of Salmonella Enteritidis-positive laying hens after molting with enrofloxacin and CE culture can substantially reduce Salmonella Enteritidis problems due to molting and would be a possible alternative to diverting eggs for pasteurization or slaughtering the infected flock. Possible development of bacterial resistance in conjunction with antibiotic use is also discussed. C1 ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Poultry Diagnost & Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Holt, PS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC MILK FOOD ENVIRONMENTAL SANITARIANS, INC PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 2000 VL 63 IS 4 BP 545 EP 548 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 301XV UT WOS:000086336600020 PM 10772224 ER PT J AU Durant, JA Lowry, VK Nisbet, DJ Stanker, LH Corrier, DE Ricke, SC AF Durant, JA Lowry, VK Nisbet, DJ Stanker, LH Corrier, DE Ricke, SC TI Late logarithmic Salmonella typhimurium HEp-2 cell association and invasion response to short-chain fatty acid addition SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; HUMAN LARGE-INTESTINE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GROWTH-PHASE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ORGANIC-ACIDS; FERMENTATION; ADHERENCE; INFECTION; ENTRY AB The entry of Salmonella into the intestinal epithelial cells is essential for its pathogenesis. In the present study, late logarithmic growth (12 h) in Luria Bertani broth? supplemented (25, 50, or 100 mM) with acetate, propionate, butyrate, or a mixture of the three short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), influenced the ability of S. typhimurium to associate and invade cultured HEp-2 cells. The response to SCFA addition was dependent on the concentration and the pH of the medium. Cell-association was decreased 4 to 100-fold at pH 6 and 2 to 20-fold at pH 7. At pH 7, invasion was increased 2-fold when bacteria were cultured in the presence of all concentrations of acetate and 25 mM propionate or butyrate; however, a 1.5 to 163-fold decrease in invasion occurred at pH 6 for all SCFA. The SCFA concentration also affected cell-association and invasion of S. typhimurium, especially at pH 6 In general, for each of the SCFA at pH 6 a lower percentage of cell-association and invasion was observed as the SCFA concentration was increased while at pH 7 decreases did not consistently occur as SCFA concentration was increased. These differences among the SCFA along with the pH effects suggest that the concentration of SCFA and the pH of the intestinal lumen may influence the expression of the invasion phenotype of S. typhimurium. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Kleberg Ctr, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Anat & Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ricke, SC (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Kleberg Ctr, Dept Poultry Sci, Room 101, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD APR PY 2000 VL 20 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2000.tb00284.x PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 304GE UT WOS:000086474600001 ER PT J AU Yu, SL Palumbo, SA AF Yu, SL Palumbo, SA TI Enumeration of Aeromonas for verification of the hygienic adequacy of swine carcass dressing processes SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article ID PORK CARCASSES; PIG CARCASSES; AEROMONAS; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINATION; SLAUGHTER; EQUIPMENT; BACTERIA; LISTERIA; STRAINS AB Populations of Aeromonas spp. and aerobic bacteria from dehairing equipment and from carcasses passing through different processing steps in a swine slaughtering plant were evaluated to identify the hygienic risks of each operation. Sponge samples were taken from the scraper flails in dehairing machines and the surface of the shackling table at pre- and post-operation times, with 20 samples from each location being collected at each time. Increased post-operation levels of Aeromonas spp. indicated a buildup and possible spread of these bacteria to carcasses. The belly skins of 40 dehaired carcasses were each sampled at five points along the process line which were after the shackling, after the final singeing, after the final polishing, after the final wash and after chilling. The levels of microbial contaminants on carcasses varied at each processing step. The heaviest contamination of carcasses with Aeromonas (1.88 log CFU/cm(2)) and aerobic bacteria (2.66 log CFU/cm(2)) occurred after shackling. Counts were reduced at other steps as a result of singeing, washing and chilling operations. However, singed carcasses were recontaminated with Aeromonas and aerobic bacteria during the polishing operation. Aeromonas hydrophila were the most prominent motile aeromonads (74.1%) recovered at the plant. The findings for Aeromonas spp. were similar to those for aerobic bacteria (r(2) = 0.9995) which suggested that Aeromonas spp. are appropriate indicators for assessing carcass dressing processes. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Yu, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0149-6085 J9 J FOOD SAFETY JI J. Food Saf. PD APR PY 2000 VL 20 IS 1 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2000.tb00287.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 304GE UT WOS:000086474600004 ER PT J AU Akdogan, H McHugh, TH AF Akdogan, H McHugh, TH TI Flow characterization of peach products during extrusion SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE extrusion; viscosity; yield stress; Casson model; modified peach puree ID YIELD STRESS; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; FLUID-MECHANICS; PULP CONTENT; SUSPENSIONS; VISCOSITY; BEHAVIOR; PUREE; FOODS; SIZE AB Suitability of Bingham, Herschel-Bulkley, Casson, and Mizrahi-Berk models, to characterize the flow behavior of peach products during extrusion was investigated. The Casson equation sufficiently described the flow of peach extrudates within the 49 to 125 s(-1) shear rate range. As concentration increased, yield stress and consistency coefficients increased. A rheological model was proposed to describe the viscosity of peach extrudates. The model incorporates the effect of shear rate by the Casson equation and the effect of concentration by a linear expression. The model provided good fit to the experimental data for peach extrudates reconstituted from drum-dried peach purees. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Akdogan, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 65 IS 3 BP 471 EP 475 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb16030.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 325KB UT WOS:000087673800019 ER PT J AU McHugh, TH Senesi, E AF McHugh, TH Senesi, E TI Apple wraps: A novel method to improve the quality and extend the shelf life of fresh-cut apples SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE apple; fruit puree; edible film; permeability ID WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY; ASCORBIC-ACID; STORAGE LIFE; EDIBLE FILMS; LIPID FILMS; PRODUCTS; SLICES; 4-HEXYLRESORCINOL; COATINGS; FRUIT AB A novel method was developed to extend the shelf life and improve the quality of fresh-cut produce. Edible coatings and films were made from apple puree with various concentrations of fatty acids, fatty alcohols, beeswax, and vegetable oil. Apple pieces were coated with solutions or wrapped in preformed films. Changes in moisture content and color were measured during storage. Increasing concentrations of lipids significantly improved the moisture barrier properties of films, Water vapor permeability varied from 69 to 325 g mm/kPa d m(2), Apple-based wraps significantly reduced moisture loss and browning in fresh-cut apples. Color was preserved for 12 d at 5 degrees C, Wraps were significantly more effective than coatings. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Inst Agr Prod Technol, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RP McHugh, TH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 24 TC 78 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 16 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 65 IS 3 BP 480 EP 485 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb16032.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 325KB UT WOS:000087673800021 ER PT J AU Sapers, GM Miller, RL Jantschke, M Mattrazzo, AM AF Sapers, GM Miller, RL Jantschke, M Mattrazzo, AM TI Factors limiting the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide washes for decontamination of apples containing Escherichia coli SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli; apples; decontamination; washing; sanitizers; hydrogen peroxide ID O157-H7 AB Factors limiting efficacy of H2O2 washes and alternative decontamination strategies were investigated with Golden Delicious apples, inoculated with nonpathogenic Escherichia coli. Post-treatment rinsing decreased efficacy by eliminating residual H2O2. A 2-stage wash incorporating a rinse to remove surfactant residues prior to H2O2 application was developed. Rapid attachment of E. coli to apples prevented effective removal by washing with water. Surviving E. coli following a 5% H2O2 wash were concentrated in stem and calyx areas. Survival was independent of the time interval between inoculation and washing. E. coli inoculation of punctured apple surfaces resulted in growth at 20 degrees C and greater survival after washing with 5% H2O2. Improved decontamination methods are needed. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Natl Food Processors Assoc, Ctr Tech Assistance, Dublin, CA 94568 USA. RP Sapers, GM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 11 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA SUITE 300 221 N LASALLE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60601-1291 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 65 IS 3 BP 529 EP 532 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb16041.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 325KB UT WOS:000087673800029 ER PT J AU Friedman, S AF Friedman, S TI Why increase diversity in our forestry faculty? SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20090 USA. RP Friedman, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, POB 96090, Washington, DC 20090 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD APR PY 2000 VL 98 IS 4 BP 56 EP 56 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 418NT UT WOS:000167898800019 ER PT J AU Mohr, KI Famiglietti, JS Boone, A Starks, PJ AF Mohr, KI Famiglietti, JS Boone, A Starks, PJ TI Modeling soil moisture and surface flux variability with an untuned land surface scheme: A case study from the Southern Great Plains 1997 Hydrology Experiment SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER DEVELOPMENT; SEVERE-STORM ENVIRONMENT; MESOSCALE CIRCULATIONS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; HETEROGENEOUS LAND; DEEP CONVECTION; PROFILE MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; TEMPERATURE; WATER AB The Parameterization for Land-Atmosphere-Cloud Exchange (PLACE), a typical surface-vegetation-atmosphere transfer (SVAT) parameterization, was used in a case study of a 2500 km(2) area in southwestern Oklahoma for 9-16 July 1997. The research objective was to assess PLACE's simulation of the spatial variability and temporal evolution of soil moisture and heat fluxes without optimization for this case study. Understanding PLACE's performance under these conditions may provide perspective on results from more complex coupled land-atmosphere simulations involving similar land surface schemes in data-poor environments. Model simulations were initialized with simple initial soil moisture and temperature profiles tied to soil type and forced by standard meteorological observations. The model equations and parameters were not adjusted or tuned to improve results. For surface soil moisture, 5- and IO-cm soil temperature, and surface fluxes, the most accurate simulation (5% error for soil moisture and 2 K for 5- and 10-cm soil temperature) occurred during the 48 h following heavy rainfall on 11 and 15 July. The spatial pattern of simulated soil moisture was controlled more strongly by soil texture than was observed soil moisture, and the error was correlated with rainfall. The simplifications of the subsurface soil moisture, soil texture, and vegetation cover initialization schemes and the uncertainty in the rainfall data (>10%) could account for differences between modeled and observed surface fluxes that are on the order of 100 W m(-2) and differences in soil moisture that are greater than 5%. It also is likely that the soil thermal conductivity scheme in PLACE damped PLACE's response to atmospheric demand after 13 July, resulting in reduced evapotranspiration and warmer but slower-drying soils. Under dry conditions, the authors expect that SVATs such as PLACE that use a similar simple initialization also would demonstrate a strong soil texture control on soil moisture and surface fluxes and limited spatial variability. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci C1100, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Toulouse, France. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK USA. RP Famiglietti, JS (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Geol Sci C1100, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM jfamiglt@maestro.geo.utexas.edu RI Mohr, Karen/E-4331-2012 NR 52 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 1 IS 2 BP 154 EP 169 DI 10.1175/1525-7541(2000)001<0154:MSMASF>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 357DK UT WOS:000089483100004 ER PT J AU Hou, CT Forman, RJ AF Hou, CT Forman, RJ TI Growth inhibition of plant pathogenic fungi by hydroxy fatty acids SO JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydroxy unsaturated fatty acids; antifungal activity; plant pathogenic fungi; plant disease control ID OLEIC-ACID; LINOLEIC-ACID; 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; COMPOUND; BIOCONVERSION; ALA2; PR3 AB Hydroxy fatty acids are plant self-defense substances (Masui ef al, Phytochemistry 1989). Three types of hydroxy fatty acids: 10-hydroxystearic acid (HSA), 7S,10S-dihydroxy-8(E)-octadecenoic acid (DOD), and 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (THOA) were tested against the following plant pathogenic fungi: Erysiphe graminis f sp tritici (common disease name, wheat powdery mildew); Puccinia recondita (wheat leaf rust); Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (wheat foot rot); Septoria nodorum (wheat glume blotch); Pyricularia grisea (rice blast); Rhizoctonia solani (rice sheath blight); Phytophthora infestans (potato late blight); and Botrytis cinerea (cucumber botrytis). At a concentration of 200 ppm, both HSA and DOD showed no fungal disease control activity, However, THOA at the same concentration showed weak activity and provided disease control (percent) of the following plant pathogenic fungi: Erysiphe graminis 77%; Puccinia recondita 86%; Phytophthora infestans 56%; and Botrytis cinerea 63%. The position of the hydroxy groups on the fatty acids seems to play an important role in activity against specific fungi. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. DuPont Agr Prod, Stine Haskell Res Ctr, Newark, DE USA. RP Hou, CT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 20 TC 53 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 12 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1367-5435 J9 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT JI J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 24 IS 4 BP 275 EP 276 DI 10.1038/sj.jim.2900816 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 320MQ UT WOS:000087405300009 ER PT J AU Gelman, DB Carpenter, JE Greany, PD AF Gelman, DB Carpenter, JE Greany, PD TI Ecdysteroid levels/profiles of the parasitoid wasp, Diapetimorpha introita, reared on its host, Spodoptera frugiperda and on an artificial diet SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diapetimorpha introita; parasitoid; developmental markers; ecdysteroids; molting; metamorphosis; artificial rearing ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS HUBNER; CAMPOLETIS-SONORENSIS; CRESSON HYMENOPTERA; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; JUVENILE-HORMONE; APIS-MELLIFERA; INSECT SOURCES; MANDUCA-SEXTA AB Diapetimorpha introita is an ichneumonid ectoparasitoid of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Since it has been reported that D, introita wasps reared on an artificial diet exhibit a significantly lower percentage of adult eclosion and fecundity than host-reared wasps, this study was undertaken to elucidate the factors responsible for the reduced viability observed in diet-reared wasps. A system of markers has been devised to track the development (from the initiation of cocooning through adult eclosion) of D. introita. Although wasps reared on artificial diet developed more slowly than did those reared on host pupae, both diet- and host-reared wasps passed through the same stages of development - the eyes enlarged and moved backward, the gut was purged and upon ecdysis the exarate pupa emerged. The thorax was the first to darken, followed by the head and then the abdomen. Pharate pupal formation occurred before gut purge. Two peaks of hemolymph ecdysteroids were observed, one in wasps in which gut purge was almost complete and the second in day-2 exarate pupae. Ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone were the major ecdysteroids present in hemolymph sampled at these times. Small quantities of 20,26-dihydroxyecdysone, polar ecdysteroids and/or possibly 26-hydroxyecdysone were also present. In six stages of development, hemolymph ecdysteroid titers were significantly higher in host-reared than in diet-reared wasps (Eye 1, Eye 2, Gut Purge 2, Pharate Pupa, Head/Thorax Dark, and Abdomen Dark). Relatively high percentages of mortality were observed in diet-reared wasps in four of these stages and in two others which occurred in close proximity to one of the stages, the Abdomen Dark stage. Thus, insufficient ecdysteroid in the hemolymph may be responsible, in part. for the relatively high percentage of mortality that occurred in wasps reared on an artificial diet. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, USDA, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Management Lab, USDA, Tifton, GA USA. ARS, Insect Attractants Behav & Basic Biol Res Lab, USDA, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Gelman, DB (reprint author), ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, USDA, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 46 IS 4 BP 457 EP 465 DI 10.1016/S0022-1910(99)00132-8 PG 9 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 293GB UT WOS:000085842500010 ER PT J AU Shelby, KS Adeyeye, OA Okot-Kotber, BM Webb, BA AF Shelby, KS Adeyeye, OA Okot-Kotber, BM Webb, BA TI Parasitism-linked block of host plasma melanization SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Campoletis sonorensis; Heliothis virescens; catecholamines; phenoloxidase; dopachrome isomerase; immunodeficiency ID CELLULAR IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GENE-EXPRESSION; INHIBITION; HEMOLYMPH; SUPPRESSION; MECHANISM; PROTEIN; CUTICLE; VIRUSES; LARVAE AB When parasitized by the Ichneumonid parasitoid Campoletis sonorensis, larvae of the Noctuid moth, Heliothis virescens, are unable to mount an effective immune response against parasitoid eggs. Defensive melanization of plasma and cellular encapsulation of parasite eggs are dramatically inhibited by infection with the symbiotic immunosuppressive C. sonorensis ichnovirus (CsIV), This study demonstrates that the CsIV-mediated inhibition of melanization is associated with reduction in the enzymatic activity and protein titer of key enzymes in the melanization pathway, phenoloxidase, dopachrome isomerase, and DOPA decarboxylase, Inhibition of the synthesis of key melanization enzymes leads to reductions in the melanization substrates L-dihydroxyphenylalanine, N-acetyldopamine, and N-beta-alanyl dopamine from millimolar to nanomolar levels in parasitized larvae. By contrast, concentration of a precursor catecholamine, dopamine, rises fourfold in these larvae. Thus in CsIV-infected larvae, enzymatic deficiencies in the melanization pathway lead to reduced concentrations of specific enzyme substrates, causing failure of melanization in parasitized insects. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 ARS, USDA, BCIRL, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. Duquesne Univ, Dept Biol, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Shelby, KS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BCIRL, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI3314] NR 29 TC 63 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 75 IS 3 BP 218 EP 225 DI 10.1006/jipa.2000.4925 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 306PN UT WOS:000086605200005 PM 10753598 ER PT J AU Wong, WF AF Wong, WF TI Influence of ovariectomy on extracellular fluid volume in rats: Assessment of extracellular fluid volume by means of bromide SO JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; INFANTS C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Wong, WF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-YEAR BOOK INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0022-2143 J9 J LAB CLIN MED JI J. Lab. Clin. Med. PD APR PY 2000 VL 135 IS 4 BP 298 EP 299 DI 10.1067/mlc.2000.105291 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Medical Laboratory Technology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 305JQ UT WOS:000086536700001 PM 10779043 ER PT J AU French, AD Kelterer, AM Johnson, GP Dowd, MK Cramer, CJ AF French, AD Kelterer, AM Johnson, GP Dowd, MK Cramer, CJ TI Constructing and evaluating energy surfaces of crystalline disaccharides SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS & MODELLING LA English DT Article DE carbohydrate; conformation; laminarabiose; maltose; molecular mechanics; quantum mechanics; sucrose; tetrahydropyran; trehalose ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; FORCE-FIELD; RELATIVE STABILITY; AB-INITIO; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; CHAIR FORMS; SUCROSE; DYNAMICS; OLIGOSACCHARIDES AB This paper focuses on the methods used to construct Ramachandran plots for disaccharides. Our recent work based on a hybrid of molecular mechanics and quantum mechanics: energies pointed to the need to take extra care when making these maps. Care is also important in the quantitative validation of these energy surfaces with linkage conformations that were determined by crystallography. To successfully predict conformations that have been observed experimentally, the calculation of the energy should include stereo electronic effects and correctly weight the hydrogen bonding. Technical concerns include the method used to scan the range of conformations, starting geometries, and finding the zero of relative potential energy on a surface where the values were collected at regular intervals. The distributions of observed conformations on energy maps of sucrose, maltose, and laminarabiose at dielectric constants of 1.5 and 7.5 illustrate the effects of an elevated dielectric constant for the MM3 component of the hybrid energy calculations. At dielectric constants of 3.5 and 7.5, the overall average energies of observed conformations of sucrose and seven disaccharides of glucose were less than 1.0 kcal mol(-1). The distribution of corresponding energies of the various crystalline conformations conformed well to a Boltzmann-like equation. (C) 2000 by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Graz Univ Technol, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Inst Supercomp, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP French, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM afrench@nola.srrc.usda.gov RI Cramer, Christopher/B-6179-2011; OI Cramer, Christopher/0000-0001-5048-1859; Kelterer, Anne-Marie/0000-0001-8178-2670 NR 50 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1093-3263 EI 1873-4243 J9 J MOL GRAPH MODEL JI J. Mol. Graph. PD APR PY 2000 VL 18 IS 2 BP 95 EP 107 DI 10.1016/S1093-3263(00)00041-3 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Crystallography; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 349RP UT WOS:000089059600003 PM 10994513 ER PT J AU Hopkinson, JM Butte, NF Ellis, K Smith, EO AF Hopkinson, JM Butte, NF Ellis, K Smith, EO TI Lactation delays postpartum bone mineral accretion and temporarily alters its regional distribution in women SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE lactation; bone; parity; age; postpartum; women ID BREAST-FEEDING WOMEN; YOUNG-ADULT WOMEN; DENSITY CHANGES; WEIGHT-LOSS; CALCIUM; PREGNANCY; MASS; PREMENOPAUSAL; DETERMINANTS; TURNOVER AB The objective of this work was to compare long-term changes in bone mineral in lactating (L) and nonlactating (NL) women for 2 y postpartum. The 40 L women (mean duration of breastfeeding 345 +/- 177 d) and 36 NL women were enrolled during late pregnancy. Subjects were healthy and nonsmoking with a mean age of 28.8 +/- 4.1 y. Bone mineral content (BMC) was measured at 0.5, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 mo by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry set for total body scan with regional analysis. BMC adjusted for bone area, weight and height (adj-BMC) decreased in L women at the lumbar spine (-3.1%, P < 0.001) and pelvis (-0.9%, P = 0.03) by 3 mo, and at the total body (-0.9%, P = 0.05) by 6 mo. Losses were recovered following onset of menses. Adj-BMC at the lumbar spine, pelvis, thoracic spine and total body increased over baseline by 24 mo in L women. In NL women, adj-BMC increased over baseline within 3 mo and continued to increase thereafter. Net total-body gains were greater in the 27 NL women who completed the final measurement than in their 26 L counterparts (+2.3% vs. +0.6%, P = 0.001). Net regional gains differed at the head, legs, and ribs, but not at the lumber spine, pelvis or thoracic spine. Duration of breastfeeding, parity, onset of menses and maternal age affected bone changes in L women. These results indicate that lactation delays bone mineral accretion and temporarily alters its regional distribution in postpartum women. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hopkinson, JM (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 30 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2000 VL 130 IS 4 BP 777 EP 783 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 299MD UT WOS:000086201600012 PM 10736329 ER PT J AU Reeds, PJ Burrin, DG Stoll, B Jahoor, F AF Reeds, PJ Burrin, DG Stoll, B Jahoor, F TI Intestinal glutamate metabolism SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Glutamate CY OCT 12-14, 1998 CL BERGAMO, ITALY SP Baylor Coll Med, Univ Pittsburgh Sch Med, Ctr Nutrit, Int Glutamate Tech Comm, Monell Chem Senses Ctr, Int Union Food Sci & Technol, Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res DE glutamate; small intestine; metabolism; pigs; stable isotopes ID RAT SMALL-INTESTINE; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; ISOLATED ENTEROCYTES; RESPIRATORY FUELS; AMINO-ACIDS; ARGININE; INVIVO; PROLINE; PIGLETS; CATABOLISM AB Although it is well known that the intestinal tract has a high metabolic rate, the substrates that are used to generate the necessary energy remain poorly established, especially in fed animals. Under fed conditions, the quantification of substrate used by the gut is complicated by the fact that potential oxidative precursors are supplied from both the diet and the arterial circulation. To circumvent this problem, and to approach the question of the compounds used to generate ATP in the gut, we combined measurements of portal nutrient balance with enteral and intravenous infusions of [U-C-13]substrates. We studied rapidly growing piglets that were consuming diets based on whole-milk proteins. The results revealed that 95% of the dietary glutamate presented to the mucosa was metabolized in first pass and that of this, 50% was metabolized to CO2. Dietary glucose was oxidized to a very limited extent, and arterial glutamine supplied no >15% of the CO2 production by the portal-drained viscera. Glutamate was the single largest contributor to intestinal energy generation. The results also suggested that dietary glutamate appeared to be a specific precursor for the biosynthesis of glutathione, arginine and proline by the small intestinal mucosa. These studies imply that dietary glutamate has an important functional role in the gut. Furthermore, these functions are apparently different from those of arterial glutamine, the substrate that has received the most attention. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Reeds, PJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD35679] NR 43 TC 82 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2000 VL 130 IS 4 SU S BP 978S EP 982S PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 300VQ UT WOS:000086274200018 PM 10736365 ER PT J AU Patzel, N Sticher, H Karlen, DL AF Patzel, N Sticher, H Karlen, DL TI Soil fertility - Phenomenon and concept SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE-ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PFLANZENERNAHRUNG UND BODENKUNDE LA English DT Article DE soil fertility; yield giving capacity; soil quality; soil culture ID QUALITY AB This paper is based on an extensive review of soil fertility in the literature of soil science, agronomy and ethnic studies. The spectrum of scientific opinions on soil fertility was visualized in mind-maps, definition types were analyzed, and problems within the conceptual approach towards soil fertility were shown. Differently oriented concepts were divided between the terms of soil fertility and soil quality. Soil fertility is not applicable as a technical term in natural sciences as it describes a definite, but dispositional (concealed), soil feature; therefore, it is not fully operationalizable for the natural sciences. Soil quality denotes undefined and interchangeable sets of appreciated soil attributes and functionalities, which are assigned by value judgements. It is a tool that integrates different soil state variables and functions in order to evaluate the capacity of a soil to do what it is expected (i.e. function) or to assess the sustainability of current land-use practices. The phenomenon of soil fertility appears to the consciousness as an autonomous counter-instance with its own mental and material qualities, referred to in traditional cultic cultivation. The main features of cultic cultivation of soil fertility are the uniting of the four elements, the religio towards the spiritual side of nature, the sacrificial, and the eros. A reevaluation of the soil fertility phenomenon in modern terms would be an innovative and forward-looking research program. Practical and scientific work on soil fertility should rediscover and revive the feeling for, and apperception of, the phenomenon of soil fertility in its mental and material aspects. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Terr Ecol, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Patzel, N (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Terr Ecol, Grabenstr 3, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland. NR 97 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 36 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1436-8730 J9 J PLANT NUTR SOIL SC JI J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.-Z. Pflanzenernahr. Bodenkd. PD APR PY 2000 VL 163 IS 2 BP 129 EP 142 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2624(200004)163:2<129::AID-JPLN129>3.0.CO;2-D PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 306HE UT WOS:000086590600001 ER PT J AU Kehayias, JJ AF Kehayias, JJ TI Evaluation of new pharmaceuticals using in vivo neutron inelastic scattering and neutron activation analysis SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Modern Trends in Activation Analysis (MTAA-10) CY APR 19-23, 1999 CL NIH, BETHESDA, MARYLAND SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol HO NIH ID BODY-FAT; CARBON AB Nutritional status of patients can be evaluated by monitoring changes in body composition, including depletion of protein and muscle, adipose tissue distribution and changes in hydration status, bone or cell mass. Fast neutron activation (for N and P) and neutron inelastic scattering (for C and O) are used to assess in vivo elements characteristic of specific body compartments. The fast neutrons are produced with a sealed deuterium-tritium (D-T) neutron generator. This method provides the most direct assessment of body composition. Non-bone phosphorus for muscle is measured by the P-31(n,alpha)Al-28 reaction, and nitrogen for protein via the (n,2n) fast neutron reaction. Inelastic neutron scattering is used for the measurement of total body carbon and oxygen. Carbon is used to derive body fat, after subtracting carbon contributions due to protein, bone and glycogen. Carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio is used to measure distribution of fat and lean tissue in the body and to monitor small changes of lean mass and its quality. In addition to evaluating the efficacy of new treatments, the system is used to study the mechanisms of lean tissue depletion with aging and to investigate methods for preserving function and quality of life in the elderly. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Body Composit Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kehayias, JJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Body Composit Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD APR PY 2000 VL 244 IS 1 BP 219 EP 224 DI 10.1023/A:1006709508752 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 338GH UT WOS:000088410400038 ER PT J AU Bhaduri, S Cottrell, B AF Bhaduri, S Cottrell, B TI Iron pretreatment is not essential for assessment of pathogenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O : 3 in mice SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRULENCE; DESFERRIOXAMINE; INFECTIONS; CHILDREN; MOUSE; O-3 AB The effects of administration of iron-dextran and the iron chelator, deferoxamine mesylate (Desferal), on the course and outcome of experimental yersiniosis were investigated in mice orally infected with pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from contaminated pork samples. Experiments in which plasmid-bearing Y. enterocolitica serotype O:3 food isolates were administered orally to mice at concentrations of 10(7) and 10(9) colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) resulted in mice showing identical signs of disease with or without conventional iron-dextran and Desferal treatment. This demonstrated that in mice inoculated with sufficiently high bacterial levels iron pretreatment was not essential for susceptibility to yersiniosis. Thus, a simplified and time saving murine virulence assay without iron pretreatment was found to be effective for determination of the pathogenicity of Y. enterocolitica serotype O:3. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bhaduri, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI J. Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 8 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4581.2000.tb00342.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 313LG UT WOS:000087000700001 ER PT J AU Perez, MD Abrams, SA Loddeke, L Shypailo, R Ellis, KJ AF Perez, MD Abrams, SA Loddeke, L Shypailo, R Ellis, KJ TI Effects of rheumatic disease and corticosteroid treatment on calcium metabolism and bone density in children assessed one year after diagnosis, using stable isotopes and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Park City IV - Pediatric Rheumatology into Next Century CY MAR 14-18, 1998 CL PARK CITY, UTAH SP Immunex Corp, Nutramax Lab Inc DE calcium kinetics; stable isotopes; dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ID MINERAL DENSITY; BODY-COMPOSITION; ARTHRITIS; DERMATOMYOSITIS; OSTEOPOROSIS; POPULATION; THERAPY; YOUNG; SPINE AB Objective. To evaluate calcium (Ca) metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD) in children with rheumatic disease (RD) at diagnosis and one year later, and effects of different therapies. Methods. We used dual tracer isotope studies and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) to measure Ca metabolism and BMD in 13 children with RD at diagnosis and one year later. Seven subjects were treated with steroids (RD-ST), 6 with antiinflammatory agents (RD-NS), excluding steroids. Results. Ca balance data for RD subjects were not significantly different from data reported previous ly for healthy sex and age matched controls. True Ca absorption (Va) was slightly but not significantly greater at study entry in RD-NS subjects (313 +/- 67 vs 239 +/- 112 mg/day in RD-ST subjects; p = 0.13). Calculated Ca balance retention (Vbal) was higher at entry in RD-NS (200 +/- 51 vs RD-ST 60 +/- 125 mg/day; p = 0.08). One year later, Vbal remained higher in RD-NS (202 +/- 77 mg/day vs RD-ST 101 +/- 157 mg/day; p = 0.02). BMD was similar in both groups at entry (RD-NS 0.81 +/- 0.06 g/cm(2) vs RD-ST 0.89 +/- 0.1 g/cm(2); p = 0.07). One year later, BMD was 0.86 +/- 0.6 g/cm(2) in RD-NS versus 0.89 +/- 0.08 g/cm2 in RD-ST; p = 0.07, Ca kinetic and DEXA studies did not reveal significant alteration of Ca kinetics or significantly lower BMD in steroid treated subjects versus non-steroid treated subjects. However, slightly lower Va and Vbal indicated a possible risk of bone demineralization in steroid treated subjects. Conclusion. Children with RD who are treated with steroids may be at greater risk of bone demineralization at diagnosis that persists through the first year. However, bone loss may take years to manifest when measured by quantitative methods such as DEXA. C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Rheumatol Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Perez, MD (reprint author), 6621 Fannin St,MC 3-2290, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 27 SU 58 BP 38 EP 43 PG 6 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 306CV UT WOS:000086579700010 ER PT J AU Frykman, HB Isbell, T Cermak, SC AF Frykman, HB Isbell, T Cermak, SC TI 5-hydroxy fatty acid amides from delta-lactones and alkyl glucamines SO JOURNAL OF SURFACTANTS AND DETERGENTS LA English DT Article DE detergents; delta-eicosanolactone; glucamides; glucamine; delta-stearolactone; solventless; surfactants ID MEADOWFOAM AB delta-Lactones derived from unsaturated fatty acids are useful precursors to fatty amides due to their enhanced reactivity. Consequently, temperature-sensitive glucamines were easily converted to their 5-hydroxy fatty acid amides in high yield (52-97%) by reaction with C-18 and C-20 delta-lactones. High yields of amides (52-97%) were obtained with little or no solvent at 90 degrees C in less than 24 h. C-18 delta-lactones were more miscible in the glucamine than the C-20 delta-lactones and thus increased reaction rates and yields of amides. In addition, amidation reactions run in the absence of catalyst gave good yields, whereas reactions in the presence of base catalysts completely inhibited the reaction. The 1 -(N-alkyl-5-hydroxy fatty acid amido)-D-glucitols are expected to have useful properties as biodegradable components in detergents. C1 ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Frykman, HB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 1097-3958 J9 J SURFACTANTS DETERG JI J. Surfactants Deterg. PD APR PY 2000 VL 3 IS 2 BP 179 EP 183 DI 10.1007/s11743-000-0123-2 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 305JL UT WOS:000086536300005 ER PT J AU Abbott, JA Klein, JD Campbell, TA Conway, WS Sams, CE AF Abbott, JA Klein, JD Campbell, TA Conway, WS Sams, CE TI Sensory and firmness measurements of calcium- and heat-treated apples SO JOURNAL OF TEXTURE STUDIES LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE INFILTRATION; POSTHARVEST CALCIUM; QUALITY; TEMPERATURE; CHLORIDE; TEXTURE; DECAY; FRUIT AB 'Golden Delicious' apples were held at 38C for 0 or 4 days and treated with 0 or 0.14 mol . L-1 CaCl2 . 2 H2O, stored at 0C for six months, and then held at 20C for 7 days. Texture and quality were measured by nondestructive sonic vibration, Magness-Taylor (MT) puncture and axial compression of tissue specimens using a force/deformation testing instrument, and sensory evaluation by untrained panelists. Prestorage treatment with heat, calcium, or the combination significantly improved the poststorage firmness over that of untreated control fruit. MT firmness values and crispness scores were higher for heat-treated apples than far controls, but the Ca and combination treatments resulted in significantly higher values. Calcium infiltration significantly increased sensory hardness and overall acceptability scores, as well as the location of the maximum force in compression, regardless of heat treatment. Apples exposed to heat before storage were sweeter than those not heated. Only the controls were scored in the unacceptable range for crispness and overall acceptability. Crispness mean scores could be predicted by the destructive puncture and compression tests (r(2) = 0.93) and to a moderate level by the nondestructive sonic vibration test (r(2) = 0.72). None of the instrument measurements adequately predicted acceptability scares. Although calcium infiltration resulted in the best poststorage quality, prestorage heat treatments may provide a practical, economical means of improving poststorage quality of apples. C1 ARS, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Field Crops, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. ARS, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. RP Abbott, JA (reprint author), ARS, Hort Crops Qual Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 24 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0022-4901 J9 J TEXTURE STUD JI J. Texture Stud. PD APR PY 2000 VL 31 IS 1 BP 109 EP 121 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4603.2000.tb00287.x PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 308FY UT WOS:000086700900007 ER PT J AU Liu, CK DiMaio, G AF Liu, CK DiMaio, G TI Vacuum drying studies for leather SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB We conducted a vacuum drying study for chrome-tanned leather, using the SAS statistical program to formulate the relationship between drying variables and residual water content, as well as the rate of drying. This study also focused on how drying variables affect the dimensional stability of leather and its mechanical properties such as stiffness. Using Box-Hunter's method, a second order polynomial equation was derived to precisely describe the relationship between the residual water content and three major independent variables: drying temperature, initial water content, and drying time. Area measurements right after vacuum drying showed very little change with all the applied drying conditions. However, a significant area change was observed after leather with various residual water contents was conditioned for two weeks. A correlation was observed between the residual water content and area retention. The vacuum dried leather with less residual water content yields better dimensional stability. Drying rate was also calculated from the residual water content as a function of drying variables. Contrary to conventional air drying, observation showed that vacuum drying does not start with a distinguishable constant drying rate. Drying directly goes to the "falling rate period" and the rate of drying decreases with time. Finally, the study derived a simple mathematical model for drying rate as a function of a wider range of drying variables. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liu, CK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI CINCINNATI PA ROOM 5 CAMPUS STATION-14 TANNER RES LAB, CINCINNATI, OH 45221 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD APR-MAY PY 2000 VL 95 IS 3 BP 102 EP 110 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 302ML UT WOS:000086369100003 ER PT J AU Haas, MJ Bloomer, S Scott, K AF Haas, MJ Bloomer, S Scott, K TI Simple, high-efficiency synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters from soapstock SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE biodiesel; esterification; fats and oils utilization; fatty acid; fatty acid ester; soapstock ID SOYBEAN OIL ESTERS; FUEL PROPERTIES AB We report a simple method that efficiently esterifies the fatty acids in soapstock, an inexpensive, lipid-rich by product of edible oil production. The process involves (i) alkaline hydrolysis of all lipid-linked fatty acid ester bonds and (ii) acid-catalyzed esterification of the. resulting fatty acid sodium salts. Step (i) completely saponified all glycerides and phosphoglycerides in the soapstock. Following water removal, the resulting free fatty acid sodium salts were rapidly and quantitatively converted to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by incubation with methanol and sulfuric acid at 35 degrees C and ambient pressure. Minimum molar reactant ratios for full esterification were fatty acids/methanol/sulfuric acid of 1:30:5. The esterification reaction was substantially complete within 10 min and was not inhibited by residual water contents up to ca. 10% in the saponified soapstock. The product FAME contained >99% fatty acid esters, 0% triglycerides, <0.05% diglycerides, <0.1% monoglycerides, and <0.8% free fatty acids. Free fatty acid levels were further reduced by washing with dilute sodium hydroxide. Free and total glycerol were <0.01 and <0.015%, respectively. The water content was <0.04%. These values meet the current specifications for biodiesel, a renewable substitute for petroleum-derived diesel fuel. The identities and proportions of fatty acid esters in the FAME reflected the fatty acid content of soybean lipids. Solids formed during the reaction contained 69.1% ash and 0.8% protein. Their sodium content indicated that sodium sulfate was the prime inorganic component. Carbohydrate was the predominant organic constituent of the solid. C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Cargill, Cent Res, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. RP Haas, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 29 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 2000 VL 77 IS 4 BP 373 EP 379 DI 10.1007/s11746-000-0061-1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 304FU UT WOS:000086473200007 ER PT J AU Sun, G Amatya, DM McNulty, SG Skaggs, RW Hughes, JH AF Sun, G Amatya, DM McNulty, SG Skaggs, RW Hughes, JH TI Climate change impacts on the hydrology and productivity of a pine plantation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE climate change; drainage; forest hydrology; loblolly pine; modeling; PnET-II ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; UNITED-STATES; MODEL; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB There are increasing concerns in the forestry community about global climate change and variability associated with elevated atmospheric CO2 Changes in precipitation and increases in air temperature could impose additional stress on forests during the next century. For a study site in Carteret County, North Carolina, the General Circulation Model, HADCM2, predicts that by the year 2099, maximum air temperature will increase 1.6 to 1.9 degrees C, minimum temperature will increase 2.5 to 2.8 degrees C, and precipitation will increase 0 to 10 percent compared to the mid-1990s. These changes vary from season to season. We utilized a forest ecosystem process model, PnET-II, for studying the potential effects of climate change on drainage outflow, evapotranspiration, leaf area index (LAI) and forest Net Primary Productivity (NPP). This model was first validated with long term drainage and LAI data collected at a 25-ha mature loblolly pine (Pinus taeda. L.) experimental watershed located in the North Carolina lower coastal plain. The site is flat with poorly drained soils and high groundwater table. Therefore, a high field capacity of 20 cm was used in the simulation to account for the topographic effects. This modeling study suggested that future climate change would cause a significant increase of drainage (6 percent) and forest productivity (2.5 percent). Future studies should consider the biological feedback (i.e., stomata conductance and water use efficiency) to air temperature change. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Weyerhaeuser Co, New Bern, NC 28563 USA. RP Sun, G (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, 1509 Vars Dr, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NR 16 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2000 VL 36 IS 2 BP 367 EP 374 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2000.tb04274.x PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 315LJ UT WOS:000087115000011 ER PT J AU Maliakal, SK Menges, ES Denslow, JS AF Maliakal, SK Menges, ES Denslow, JS TI Community composition and regeneration of Lake Wales Ridge wiregrass flatwoods in relation to time-since-fire SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE disturbance; fire; Lake Wales Ridge; plant diversity; postfire recovery; seed bank; wiregrass flatwoods; non-metric multidimensional scaling ID FLORIDA PLANT-COMMUNITIES; SUCCESSIONAL RELATIONSHIPS; COASTAL-PLAIN; SCRUB PLANTS; SEED BANK; DISTURBANCE; VEGETATION; MICROHABITAT; DEMOGRAPHY; FREQUENCY AB MALIAKAL, S. K., E. S. MENGES (Archbold Biological Station, P. O. Box 2057, Lake Placid, FL 33862) AND J. S. DENSLOW (USDA Forest Service, 23 E. Kawili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA). Community composition and regeneration of Lake Wales Ridge wiregrass flatwoods in relation to time-since-fire. 127:125-138. 2000.-On the Lake Wales Ridge in south-central Florida, we studied plant species composition, seed bank composition, and recovery strategies in thirteen wiregrass flatwoods stands ranging from one to over thirty years postfire. Postfire recovery mechanisms were characterized for 54 species. Wiregrass flatwoods have been characterized historically by fire-return intervals of 1-10 years, which create an open savanna with scattered slash pines. Plant cover reached its maximum only a few years after fire, and litter cover gradually increased with time-since-fire. In long-unburned stands, tall shrubs were abundant and herbs were scarce. The frequency and cover of the two most structurally important species in the community significantly varied among postfire age groups; wiregrass (Aristida beyrichiana) frequency was lowest in long-unburned stands, but average cover of saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) increased with time-since-fire. Plant species presence remained relatively constant across all stands. Estimated species richness and diversity did not change significantly with time-since-fire. Species composition of the seed bank did not closely resemble the aboveground community composition. Most species present in the seed bank (63%) were not found growing in any stand. Most wiregrass flatwoods species (89%) are capable of vegetative recovery and many (54%) were found to recover only vegetatively after fires. Although few significant shifts in plant species presence were detected along a gradient in fire history that spanned thirty years, important structural changes occurred, which eventually can have substantial impacts in fire suppressed communities. Species that recover vegetatively after fires, but are not present in the seed bank, could be lost from long-unburned flatwoods. C1 Archbold Biol Stn, Lake Placid, FL 33862 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Maliakal, SK (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 508 Life Sci Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 56 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 13 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1095-5674 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD APR-JUN PY 2000 VL 127 IS 2 BP 125 EP 138 DI 10.2307/3088690 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 315LU UT WOS:000087115900004 ER PT J AU Schuler, TM Gillespie, AR AF Schuler, TM Gillespie, AR TI Temporal patterns of woody species diversity in a central Appalachian forest from 1856 to 1997 SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Acer saccharum; Quercus rubra; West Virginia; forest vegetation; diversity ID DISTURBANCE HISTORY; OAK FORESTS; SUCCESSION; STANDS; TREES; PENNSYLVANIA; STABILITY; BIOMASS; FIRE AB SCHULER, T M. (Northeastern Research Station, US Forest Service, Parsons WV 26287) AND A. R. GILLESPIE (Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907). Temporal patterns of woody species diversity in a central Appalachian forest from 1856 to 1997. 127:149-161. 2000.-This study examined the composition of woody species in a mixed mesophytic forest in the central Appalachian region with respect to both time and different disturbance regimes. Species composition and diversity were assessed from 1856 to 1997 on a tract of land that currently is part of the Fernow Experimental Forest in north-central West Virginia. Additionally, the effect of different silvicultural disturbances are described using inventory data from four silvicultural demonstration areas initiated in 1948. These areas included a commercial clearcut, diameter-limit harvesting, single-tree selection, and an area that has not been artificially manipulated since initial logging around the turn of the century (ca 1907). Witness tree data from early land surveys (1856 and 1915) conducted in the same watershed were used to gain same insight into species frequency prior to and after initial logging. A forest inventory conducted in 1922 provided a more detailed description of the vegetation in the vicinity of the post-1948 stand data. The Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index was calculated based on species importance values for all time periods and management activities. Detrended correspondence analysis was used to assess differences in composition related to time and management activity. Data from old-growth (1856), early second-growth (1915 and 1922), and more mature second-growth stands were well separated in ordination space. A decline in species diversity from a high in 1922 to a low in 1997 appears to be driving this separation. Diversity declined primarily due to a reduction in evenness, which was significantly correlated with increasing importance of Acer saccharum. Relative A. saccharum importance is increasing in both the overstory and understory for all disturbance regimes. The increasing dominance of this species with time, regardless of stand age or disturbance regime evaluated, may be unprecedented and suggests new silvicultural techniques are needed to maintain the diversity of central Appalachian forests. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Schuler, TM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, POB 404, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. NR 65 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0040-9618 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD APR-JUN PY 2000 VL 127 IS 2 BP 149 EP 161 DI 10.2307/3088692 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 315LU UT WOS:000087115900006 ER PT J AU van Hees, W Mead, BR AF van Hees, W Mead, BR TI Ocular estimates of understory vegetation structure in a closed Picea glauca/Betula papyrifera forest SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Alaska; cover estimation; forest understory; horizontal/vertical structure; paper birch; vegetation structure; white spruce ID COVER AB Horizontal/vertical profiling is a method used to assess vegetation space occupancy. This study investigated consistency and repeatability of measurements made on plots designed to describe forest understory vegetation structure. 20 circular, 100-m(2) plots were measured by six independent observers, three times during the summer of 1997. The plots, located in south-central Alaska, were established in a closed Picea glauca (white spruce)/Betula papyrifera (paper birch) forest. Consistency and repeatability of measurements were evaluated by examining components of variance. Response variables were absolute and relative canopy cover. Results indicate that observers were not consistent relative to each other estimating vegetative cover from one plot to the next and from one measurement period to the next, making measurements unrepeatable. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP van Hees, W (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3301 C St,Suite 200, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 26 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI UPPSALA PA BOX 25137, S 752 25 UPPSALA, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 11 IS 2 BP 195 EP 200 DI 10.2307/3236799 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 326HD UT WOS:000087726700005 ER PT J AU Denslow, JS Guzman, S AF Denslow, JS Guzman, S TI Variation in stand structure, light and seedling abundance across a tropical moist forest chronosequence, Panama SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Barro Colorado island; diversity; logistic regession; PAR; semivariance analysis; spatial pattern; succession ID BARRO-COLORADO ISLAND; NEOTROPICAL FOREST; RAIN-FOREST; COSTA-RICA; SOLAR-RADIATION; WET FOREST; TREE; SECONDARY; RECRUITMENT; SUCCESSION AB We asked whether forest structure and understory light environments across a tropical moist forest chronosequence followed predictions of a 4-phase model of secondary succession (establishment, thinning, transition and steady-state) and whether seedling density and diversity were functions of light availability as predicted by this model. Using aerial photographs, we identified eight second-growth stands (two each aged ca. 20, 40, 70, and 100 yr) and two old-growth stands within Barro Colorado Nature Monument, Panama. Trees and seedlings were sampled in nested, contiguous quadrats in 2 160-m transects in each stand. Light was measured as percent transmittance of diffuse photosynthetically active radiation (TPAR) at each seedling quadrat and by estimation of percent total incident radiation during the growing season from hemispherical canopy photographs. Basal area, tree density, and canopy height followed predictions of the 4-phase model. Percent total radiation, but not TPAR, declined with stand age as did seedling density. While seedlings were more likely to occur in quadrats at higher light levels, much variation in seedling density was not related to light availability. Seedling patch sizes were small irrespective of light patches, estimated as semivariance ranges. Seedling species richness was a function of seedling density; estimates of species diversity unbiased by density did not vary systematically as a function of stand age. Proximate seed sources, efficient dispersal mechanisms, and appropriate establishment conditions can promote establishment of species-rich communities early in successions of heterogeneous tropical moist forest. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Res Lab, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Denslow, JS (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM julie.denslow@gte.net NR 97 TC 102 Z9 121 U1 5 U2 39 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 11 IS 2 BP 201 EP 212 DI 10.2307/3236800 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 326HD UT WOS:000087726700006 ER PT J AU Afonso, CL Tulman, ER Lu, Z Zsak, L Kutish, GF Rock, DL AF Afonso, CL Tulman, ER Lu, Z Zsak, L Kutish, GF Rock, DL TI The genome of fowlpox virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID NERVE GROWTH-FACTOR; NSF-ATTACHMENT PROTEINS; THYMIDINE KINASE GENE; MAREKS-DISEASE VIRUS; PORCINE SPLEEN DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; SHOPE FIBROMA VIRUS; RING FINGER PROTEIN; HAMSTER OVARY CELLS; VACCINIA VIRUS AB Here we present the genomic sequence, with analysis, of a pathogenic fowlpox virus (FPV). The 288-kbp FPV genome consists of a central coding region bounded by identical 9.5-kbp inverted terminal repeats and contains 260 open reading frames, of which 101 exhibit similarity to genes of known function. Comparison of the FPV genome with those of other chordopoxviruses (ChPVs) revealed 65 conserved gene homologues, encoding proteins involved in transcription and mRNA biogenesis, nucleotide metabolism, DNA replication and repair, protein processing, and virion structure. Comparison of the FPV genome with those of other ChPVs revealed extensive genome colinearity which is interrupted in FPV by a translocation and a major inversion, the presence of multiple and in some cases large gene families, and novel cellular homologues. Large numbers of cellular homologues together with 10 multigene families largely account for the marked size difference between the FPV genome (260 to 309 kbp) and other known ChPV genomes (178 to 191 kbp), Predicted proteins with putative functions involving immune evasion included eight natural killer cell receptors, four CC chemokines, three G-protein-coupled receptors, two beta nerve growth factors, transforming growth factor beta, interleukin-18-binding protein, semaphorin, and five serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins). Other potential FPV host range proteins included homologues of those involved in apoptosis (e.g., Bcl-2 protein), cell growth (e.g,, epidermal growth factor domain protein), tissue tropism (e.g., ankyrin repeat-containing gene family, N1R/p28 gene family, and a T10 homologue), and avian host range (e.g., a protein present in both fowl adenovirus and Marek's disease virus). The presence of homologues of genes encoding proteins involved in steroid biogenesis (e.g., hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase), antioxidant functions (e.g., glutathione peroxidase), vesicle trafficking (e.g., two alpha-type soluble NSP attachment proteins), and other, unknown conserved cellular processes (e.g., Hal3 domain protein and GSN1/SUR4) suggests that significant modification of host cell function occurs upon viral infection, The presence of a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase homologue in FPV suggests the presence of a photoreactivation DNA repair pathway. This diverse complement of genes with likely host range functions in FPV suggests significant viral adaptation to the avian host. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Rock, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 190 TC 200 Z9 365 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 74 IS 8 BP 3815 EP 3831 DI 10.1128/JVI.74.8.3815-3831.2000 PG 17 WC Virology SC Virology GA 296VT UT WOS:000086048000041 PM 10729156 ER PT J AU Work, TM Massey, JG Rideout, BA Gardiner, CH Ledig, DB Kwok, OCH Dubey, JP AF Work, TM Massey, JG Rideout, BA Gardiner, CH Ledig, DB Kwok, OCH Dubey, JP TI Fatal toxoplasmosis in free-ranging endangered 'Alala from Hawaii SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE 'Alala; Corvus hawaiiensis; bioassay; diclazuril; endangered species; immunohistochemistry; pathology; Toxoplasma gondii ID CORVUS-HAWAIIENSIS; GONDII INFECTIONS; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; DICLAZURIL; WILD; BIRDS; CROW; MICE AB The 'Alala (Corvus hawaiiensis) is the most endangered corvid in the world, and intensive efforts are being made to reintroduce it to its former native range in Hawaii. We diagnosed Toxoplasma gondii infection in five free-ranging 'Alala. One 'Alala, recaptured from the wild because it was underweight and depressed, was treated with diclazuril (10 mg/kg) orally for 10 days. Antibodies were measured before and after treatment by the modified agglutination test (MAT) using whole T. gondii tachyzoites fixed in formalin and mercaptoethanol. The MAT titer decreased four-fold from an initial titer of 1:1,600 with remarkable improvement in physical condition. Lesions of toxoplasmosis also were seen in two partially scavenged carcasses and in a third fresh intact carcass. Toxoplasma gondii was confirmed immunohistochemically by using anti- T. gondii specific serum. The organism was also cultured by bioassay in mice from tissues of one of these birds and the brain of a fifth 'Alala that did not exhibit lesions. The life cycle of the parasite was experimentally completed in cats. This is the first record of toxoplasmosis in 'Alala, and the parasite appears to pose a significant threat and management challenge to reintroduction programs for 'Alala in Hawaii. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol REsources Div, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. Hawaii Div Forestry & Wildlife, Makawao, HI 96768 USA. San Diego Zoo, San Diego, CA 92112 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Kona Forest Unit Hakalau Forest Natl Wildlife Ref, Honaunau, HI 96726 USA. ARS, USDA, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Work, TM (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Biol REsources Div, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn,POB 50167, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 37 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 36 IS 2 BP 205 EP 212 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 310XD UT WOS:000086854000002 PM 10813600 ER PT J AU Zarnke, RL Dubey, JP Kwok, OCH Ver Hoef, JM AF Zarnke, RL Dubey, JP Kwok, OCH Ver Hoef, JM TI Serologic survey for Toxoplasma gondii in selected wildlife species from Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Alces alces; bison; Bison bison; black bear; Canis lupus; caribou; Dall sheep; moose; Ovis dalli; Rangifer tarandus; serologic survey; Toxoplasma gondii; Ursus americanus; wolf ID BEARS URSUS-AMERICANUS; GRIZZLY-BEARS; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; SPECIFICITY; ANTIBODIES; OOCYSTS; MONTANA; TESTS; BISON AB Blood was collected from selected wildlife species in specific areas of Alaska (USA) during 1976-96. A modified agglutination test was used to test sera for evidence of exposure to Toxoplasma gondii. Serum antibody prevalence was 43% (62 positive of 143 tested) for black bears (Ursus americanus), 9% (11/125) for wolves (Canis lupus), 7% (22/319) for Dall sheep (Ovis dalli), 6% (14/241) for caribou (Rangifer tarandus), 1% (3/240) for moose (Alces alces), and 1% (2/241) for bison (Bison bison). A predictive model was developed to determine the effect of sex, age, location, and year of collection on antibody prevalence for each species. Prevalence was higher in older black bears, caribou, and wolves. For black bears, prevalence was highest in the southeast region of the state. For caribou, prevalence was lowest on the Alaska Peninsula. C1 Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. USDA, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zarnke, RL (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 1300 Coll Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. OI Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 NR 18 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 36 IS 2 BP 219 EP 224 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 310XD UT WOS:000086854000004 PM 10813602 ER PT J AU Duncan, RB Fox, JH Lindsay, DS Dubey, JP Zuccaro, ME AF Duncan, RB Fox, JH Lindsay, DS Dubey, JP Zuccaro, ME TI Acute sarcocystosis in a captive white-tailed deer in Virginia SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE case report; Odocoileus virginianus; pneumonia; Sarcocystis spp.; sarcocystosis; schizonts; white-tailed deer ID ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; N-SP AB A 19-mo-old female captive white-tailed deer in a public wild animal park in Richmond (Virginia, USA) was necropsied and evaluated histologically following spontaneous death after a 1 wk period of lethargy in a captive herd of 22 deer. An acute necrotizing pneumonia was associated with intraendothelial protozoal schizonts that were identified immunohistochemically as Sarcocystis spp. This is the first confirmed report of acute sarcocystosis in a wild ruminant. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. ARS, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Brook Run Anim Clin, Richmond, VA 23227 USA. RP Duncan, RB (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 36 IS 2 BP 357 EP 361 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 310XD UT WOS:000086854000020 PM 10813618 ER PT J AU Lapointe, JM Woods, LW Lehmkuhl, HD Keel, MK Rossitto, PV Swift, PK MacLachlan, NJ AF Lapointe, JM Woods, LW Lehmkuhl, HD Keel, MK Rossitto, PV Swift, PK MacLachlan, NJ TI Serologic detection of adenoviral hemorrhagic disease in black-tailed deer in California SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE adenovirus; black-tailed deer; enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay-serum; neutralization; Odocoileus hemionus columbianus; serology AB An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a serum neutralization (SN) test were developed to measure serum antibodies against the adenovirus causing hemorrhagic disease in free-ranging and captive experimentally-infected black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in California (USA). There was a strong (rho = 0.874) and significant (P < 0.0001) correlation between ELISA and SN titers, although the SN assay was more sensitive than the ELISA. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif Vet Diagnost Lab Syst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, OARS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Wildlife Invest Lab, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. RP Lapointe, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 36 IS 2 BP 374 EP 377 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 310XD UT WOS:000086854000024 PM 10813622 ER PT J AU Dunbar, MR Wolcott, MJ Rimler, RB Berlowski, BM AF Dunbar, MR Wolcott, MJ Rimler, RB Berlowski, BM TI Septicemic pasteurellosis in free-ranging neonatal pronghorn in Oregon SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Antilocapra americana; Pasteurella multocida; pasteurellosis; pronghorn; survey ID MOUNTAIN BIGHORN SHEEP; ELK CERVUS-ELAPHUS; LYMPHOCYTE-RESPONSES; MULTOCIDA STRAINS; FALLOW DEER; SEROGROUP-B; VITAMIN-E; HAEMOLYTICA; PNEUMONIA; SELENIUM AB As part of a study to determine the cause(s) of population decline and low survival of pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) neonates on Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge (HMNAR), Oregon (USA), 55 of 104 neonates captured during May 1996 and 1997 were necropsied (n = 28, 1996; n = 27, 1997) to determine cause of death. Necropsies were conducted on fawns that died during May, June, or July of each year. The objectives of this study were to report the occurrence and pathology of pasteurellosis in neonates and determine if the isolated strain of Pasteurella multocida was unique. Septicemic pasteurellosis, caused by P. multocida, was diagnosed as the cause of death for two neonates in May and June 1997. Necropsy findings included widely scattered petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages found over a large portion of the subcutaneous tissue, meninges of the brain, epicardium, skeletal muscle, and serosal surface of the thorasic and abdominal cavities. Histological examination of lung tissues revealed diffuse congestion and edema and moderate to marked multifocal infiltrate of macrophages, neutrophils, and numerous bacteria within many terminal bronchioles and alveoli. Pasteurella multocida serotypes A:3,4, and B:1 were isolated from several tissues including lung, intestinal, thorasic fluid, and heart blood. Each B:1 isolate had DNA restriction endonuclease fingerprint profiles distinct from isolates previously characterized from domestic cattle, swan (Olor spp.), moose (Alces alces), and pronghorn from Montana (USA). This is the first report of pasteurellosis in pronghorn from Oregon and the B:1 isolates appear to be unique in comparison to DNA fingerprint profiles from selected domestic and wild species. C1 US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Dunbar, MR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Sheldon Hart Mt Refuge Complex,POB 111, Lakeview, OR 97630 USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2000 VL 36 IS 2 BP 383 EP 388 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 310XD UT WOS:000086854000026 PM 10813624 ER PT J AU Foldvari, M Clark, M Laviolette, LC Bernstein, MA Kaliton, D Castaneda, C Pu, CT Hausdorff, JM Fielding, RA Singh, MAF AF Foldvari, M Clark, M Laviolette, LC Bernstein, MA Kaliton, D Castaneda, C Pu, CT Hausdorff, JM Fielding, RA Singh, MAF TI Association of muscle power with functional status in community-dwelling elderly women SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SINGLE LEG EXTENSION; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; STRENGTH; MEN; AGE; PEOPLE; DETERMINANTS; RELIABILITY; CAPACITY; VALIDITY AB Background. Identification of the physiologic factors most relevant to functional independence in the elderly population is critical for the design of effective interventions. It has been suggested that muscle power may be more directly related to impaired physical performance than muscle strength in elderly persons. We tested the hypothesis that peak muscle power is closely associated with self-reported functional status in sedentary elderly community-dwelling women. Methods. We used baseline data that were collected as part of a I-year randomized controlled clinical trial of a combined program of strength, power, and endurance training in 80 elderly women (mean age 74.8 +/- 5.0 years) with 3.2 +/- 1.9 chronic diseases, selected for baseline functional impairment and/or falls. Results. Functional status at baseline was related in univariate analyses to physiologic capacity, habitual physical activity level, neuropsychological status, and medical diagnoses. Leg power had the strongest univariate correlation to self-reported functional status (r = -.47, p < .0001) of any of the physiologic factors we tested. In a forward stepwise regression model, leg press power and habitual physical activity level were the only two factors that contributed independently to functional status (r = .64, p < .0001), accounting for 40% of the variance in functional status. Conclusions. Leg power is a strong predictor of self-reported functional status in elderly women. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sargent Coll Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Gerontol Div, Boston, MA USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Exercise & Sport Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Foldvari, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG11812] NR 42 TC 222 Z9 229 U1 4 U2 16 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 55 IS 4 BP M192 EP M199 PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 331XT UT WOS:000088044500009 PM 10811148 ER PT J AU Malek, M Marklund, S Dyer, C Matteri, R Rothschild, M AF Malek, M Marklund, S Dyer, C Matteri, R Rothschild, M TI Linkage and physical mapping of the porcine prepro-orexin gene SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID PIG C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Rothschild, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, 2255H Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD APR PY 2000 VL 11 IS 4 BP 342 EP 343 DI 10.1007/s003350010064 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 305LQ UT WOS:000086541900016 PM 10754114 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Van Toai, T Huynh, L Preiszner, J AF Zhang, J Van Toai, T Huynh, L Preiszner, J TI Development of flooding-tolerant Arabidopsis thaliana by autoregulated cytokinin production SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Arabidopsis thaliana; GUS expression; submergence; vacuum infiltration; transgenic plant; waterlogging ID ISOPENTENYL TRANSFERASE GENE; LEAF SENESCENCE; TOBACCO PLANTS; XYLEM SAP; AGROBACTERIUM; CONSTRUCTION; INCREASE; ALFALFA; TISSUE; SHOOT AB Flooding is one of the most serious environmental stresses that affect plant growth and productivity. Flooding causes premature senescence which results in leaf chlorosis, necrosis, defoliation, cessation of growth and reduced yield. This study was conducted to determine the effects of autoregulated cytokinin production on the flooding tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana plants. A chimeric gene containing the senescence-specific SAG12 promoter and the ipt gene coding for isopentenyl transferase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the cytokinin biosynthesis pathway, was constructed. The chimeric gene was introduced into Arabidopsis plants by Agrobacterium-mediated vacuum infiltration. Four transgenic lines were chosen for flooding tolerance determinations. DNA hybridization analysis and PCR confirmed that all four of the transgenic lines carried the ipt gene. The segregation of kanamycin resistance in the T-2 generation indicated 1 to 3 integration events. GUS expression and RT-PCR of the ipt gene confirmed the senescence-specificity of the SAG12 promoter. Morphologically, the transgenic lines appeared healthy and normal. Transgenic plants began to flower at the same time as wild-type plants, but the period from flowering to senescence was lengthened by 7 to 12 days. Tolerance of the transgenic plants to waterlogging and complete submergence was assayed in three independent experiments. All four transgenic lines were consistently more tolerant to flooding than wild-type plants. The results indicated that endogenously produced cytokinin can regulate senescence caused by flooding stress, thereby, increasing plant tolerance to flooding. This study provides a novel mechanism to improve flooding tolerance in plants. C1 ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, USDA, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Van Toai, T (reprint author), ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, USDA, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 37 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD APR PY 2000 VL 6 IS 2 BP 135 EP 144 DI 10.1023/A:1009694029297 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 309GV UT WOS:000086760900002 ER PT J AU Kandemir, N Jones, BL Wesenberg, DM Ullrich, SE Kleinhofs, A AF Kandemir, N Jones, BL Wesenberg, DM Ullrich, SE Kleinhofs, A TI Marker-assisted analysis of three grain yield QTL in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using near isogenic lines SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE lodging; marker assisted selection; near isogenic lines; plant height; QTL ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; CONTROLLING FLOWERING TIME; PHOTOPERIOD RESPONSE GENE; L CROSS; 2-ROW BARLEY; MAJOR GENES; CHARACTERS; REGRESSION; GENOME; REGIONS AB Three previously identified grain yield quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 2S(2HS), 3C(3HC) and 5L(1HL), designated QTL-2S, QTL-3 and QTL-5L, respectively, were evaluated for their potential to increase yields of high-quality malting barley without disturbing their favorable malting quality profile. QTL mapping of yield related traits was performed and near-isogenic lines (NILs) were developed. QTL for plant height, head shattering, seed weight and number of rachis nodes/spike were detected in the QTL-3 region. NILs developed by introgressing QTL-3 from the high-yielding cv. Steptoe to the superior malting quality, moderate-yielding cv. Morex acquired reduced height, lodging and head shattering features of Steptoe without major changes in malting quality. The yield of NILs, measured by minimizing the losses due to lodging and head shattering, did not exceed that of Morex. Steptoe NILs, with the Morex QTL-2S region, flowered 10 days later than Steptoe but the grain yield was not changed. None of the 3 QTL studied altered the measured yield of the recipient genotype, per se, although QTL 2S and QTL-3 affected yield-related traits. We conclude that these yield QTL must interact with other genes for full expression. Alternatively, they affect the harvestable yield through reduced lodging, head shattering, and/or altered flowering time. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99165 USA. ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Natl Small Grains, Germplasm Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Kandemir, N (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99165 USA. NR 37 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD APR PY 2000 VL 6 IS 2 BP 157 EP 167 DI 10.1023/A:1009602514106 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 309GV UT WOS:000086760900004 ER PT J AU Narvel, JM Chu, WC Fehr, WR Cregan, PB Shoemaker, RC AF Narvel, JM Chu, WC Fehr, WR Cregan, PB Shoemaker, RC TI Development of multiplex sets of simple sequence repeat DNA markers covering the soybean genome SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE fluorescent-dye labeling; genotyping; microsatellites; multiplexing; simple sequence repeats ID SIZING TECHNOLOGY; MICROSATELLITES; PCR AB Multiplexing involves the analysis of several markers in a single gel lane that is based on the allele size range of marker loci. Multiplex SSR marker analysis is conducted with primers that are labeled with one of three dyes. The development of an SSR multiplex system requires estimates of the allele size range of markers to strategize primer labeling and for grouping markers into multiplex sets. A method is presented that describes the development of multiplex sets of SSR markers in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) by the selective placement of primer sites and by the analysis of diverse germplasm. Primer sites were placed at specific distances from the SSR to adjust the allele size range of marker loci. The analysis of pooled DNA samples comprising diverse soybean genotypes provided robust estimates of the allele size range of marker loci that enabled the development of multiplex sets. Eleven multiplex sets comprising 74 SSR markers distributed across the 20 linkage groups of soybean were developed. Multiplex sets constructed from the analysis of diverse soybean germplasm should have a wide range of genotyping applications. The procedures used in this study were systematic and rapid and should be applicable for multiplex development in any species with SSR marker technology. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, CICG, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, DNA Sequencing & Synth Facil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, USDA, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fehr, WR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, CICG, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 EI 1572-9788 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PD APR PY 2000 VL 6 IS 2 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1023/A:1009637119947 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 309GV UT WOS:000086760900006 ER PT J AU Lakrod, K Chaisrisook, C Yongsmith, B Skinner, DZ AF Lakrod, K Chaisrisook, C Yongsmith, B Skinner, DZ TI RAPD analysis of genetic variation within a collection of Monascus spp. isolated from red rice (ang-kak) and sofu SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PIGMENTS; PCR AB Genetic variation within a collection of 25 isolates of Monascus from red rice and sofu was assessed with RAPD markers using genetic distances (1-Jaccard's coefficient) calculated for all combinations of isolates. Cluster analysis based on genetic distance was performed using the Ward's minimum variance method. Five distinct clusters were revealed based on genetic distances between and among clusters. The robustness (reproducibility) of the cluster assignments was tested by resampling (bootstrap) analysis. Cluster distribution was visualized as a three-dimensional graph based on multiple correspondence analysis. A dendrogram, based on the clusters, was constructed to examine the relationships. Three clusters accounted for 21 isolates; the fourth cluster consisted of three isolates which were quite distinct from each other and all other isolates. The fifth cluster, a single isolate from Japan, was very different from all others in RAPD patterns and was used as an outgroup. Resampling analysis indicated that the 25 isolates represented four genetic lineages of red rice fungi, suggesting that a relatively narrow genetic source of Monascus isolates is used in food products in Asia. C1 Kasetsart Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Lakrod, K (reprint author), Kasetsart Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 104 BP 403 EP 408 DI 10.1017/S0953756299001434 PN 4 PG 6 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 315CK UT WOS:000087094900005 ER PT J AU Lundquist, JE Negron, JF AF Lundquist, JE Negron, JF TI Endemic forest disturbances and stand structure of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in the upper pine creek research natural area, South Dakota, USA SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stand dynamics; disturbance; fire; forest diseases; forest insects ID BLACK-HILLS; COMMUNITIES; ECOSYSTEMS; PATHOGENS; FIRE AB Disturbances are natural and essential components of healthy ecosystems, but their ecological roles in the maintenance of endemic conditions for an area (that is, long-established levels of activity that are of low magnitude and relatively static intensity and cause unnoticed or relatively low amounts of tree killing, defoliation, or deformation) are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual model of stand development that links stand structure with underlying tree-killing disturbances. Transect surveys were used to identify and assess stand structure of a 60-ha study site in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex P. Laws. & C. Laws.) stand with no harvest or management history. The site was composed of a mosaic of four different stages of stand development. The conceptual model hypothesized that different disturbance agents were associated with different stand types, and that these agents played two basic ecological roles: (1) fire, wind, and epidemic populations of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) killed trees over large enough areas to allow new stands to develop, and (2) suppression, competition, ice/snow buildup, western gall rust, endemic mountain pine beetle populations, wildfire, shrub competition, poor site quality, low light intensity, limb rust, wind, lightning, and armillaria root disease created small-scale canopy gaps that changed the growth environment for established trees and thereby influenced stand development and structure. The importance of single agents may be difficult to estimate because disturbances interact concurrently and sequentially in time and space. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Lundquist, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 8 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD APR PY 2000 VL 20 IS 2 BP 126 EP 132 PG 7 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 305YV UT WOS:000086570100003 ER PT J AU Glahn, JF Dorr, B Tobin, ME AF Glahn, JF Dorr, B Tobin, ME TI Captive great blue heron predation on farmed channel catfish fingerlings SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; MISSISSIPPI; IMPACT AB In a series of experiments, we examined feeding behavior of captive great blue herons Ardea herodius and estimated their ability to affect commercial production of fingerling channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Specifically, we determined the following: (1) the biomass of channel catfish fingerlings necessary to maintain the body mass of wild-caught captive great blue herons, (2) capture rates of captive great blue herons foraging on channel catfish fingerlings, (3) evaluation of the losses of catfish fingerlings to heron predation, and (4) the effects of selected catfish pond conditions on heron capture rates and body mass changes. Consistent with previous studies, captive herons required approximately 300 g of live catfish daily to maintain their body mass. Based on evaluation of seine haul indices and inventory data, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in numbers of catfish lost over time between control ponds in which herons were excluded and test ponds where herons foraged freely, even though herons foraged on test ponds at a density almost twenty times greater than the average density reported on commercial facilities. Herons captured significantly fewer fish on control ponds than on ponds with "diseased" catfish (catfish temporarily disabled by subcutaneous air injections) or "undesirable" fish (bluegills Lepomis macrochirus; P = 0.0001 and 0.0003, respectively). Herons also lost significantly (P = 0.0369) more body mass on control ponds than on "undesirable" fish ponds. Our findings suggest that unhealthy catfish or undesirable fish are preferred prey for great blue herons. Heron inefficiency in preying on healthy catfish may limit their impact on fingerling catfish production, but additional studies are needed to substantiate these findings under actual field conditions. C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Glahn, JF (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, PO Drawer 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD APR PY 2000 VL 62 IS 2 BP 149 EP 156 DI 10.1577/1548-8454(2000)062<0149:CGBHPO>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 351ZN UT WOS:000089190200010 ER PT J AU Silvio, J Harmon, DL Gross, KL McLeod, KR AF Silvio, J Harmon, DL Gross, KL McLeod, KR TI Influence of fiber fermentability on nutrient digestion in the dog SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE canine; fiber; fermentation; digestion; ileum ID MEAN RETENTION TIME; DIETARY FIBER; METABOLIZABLE ENERGY; TRANSIT-TIME; BEET PULP; DIGESTIBILITY; FERMENTATION; INVITRO AB Eight mature dogs (17.2 +/- 0.2 kg) surgically fitted with ileal T-cannulas were used in a replicated 4-X-4 Latin-square-design experiment to evaluate nutrient disappearance at the terminal ileum and through the digestive tract. Two fiber types, cellulose, a crystalline, slowly fermented fiber, and pectin, a soluble, rapidly fermented fiber, were fed in different increments, and the effects on nutrient availability were assessed. Treatments included 1) 100% cellulose, 2) 56% cellulose and 33% pectin, 3) 66% pectin and 33% cellulose, and 4) 100% pectin. Fiber was added at 10% of diet dry matter (DM). Diets were fed at 100% of ME for maintenance and offered at 0730 and 1730 h. All periods were 21 d, which included 3 d of diet transition and 7 d of adaptation. Daily DM intake was 210 +/- 5 g. Total tract and large-intestine DM digestibility increased linearly (P < 0.01) with increased pectin. These changes in DM digestion were largely the result of changes in fiber digestion. Fermentation of total dietary fiber in the large intestine went from less than zero to 39% of ileal flow (linear, P < 0.01). Total-tract crude-protein digestibility decreased linearly (P < 0.01) with increased pectin. This study demonstrated that fiber fermentability significantly affects digestion in the dog. Increasing fermentable fiber increased the digestion of DM and energy. However, increased fiber fermentability inversely affects crude protein digestibility. The lower crude-protein digestibility could be attributed to larger microbial protein excretion as a result of greater fermentation of pectin versus cellulose. Nutrition 2000;16:289-295. (C)Elsevier Science Inc. 2000. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. Hills Pet Nutr, Topeka, KS USA. RP Harmon, DL (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Anim Sci, 809 WP Garrigus Bldg, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. NR 21 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD APR PY 2000 VL 16 IS 4 BP 289 EP 295 DI 10.1016/S0899-9007(99)00298-1 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 302NW UT WOS:000086372500009 PM 10758366 ER PT J AU Roberts, SB AF Roberts, SB TI Energy regulation and aging: Recent findings and their implications SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; FOOD-INTAKE; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; NATIONAL COHORT; BLOOD-GLUCOSE; BODY FATNESS; WEIGHT-LOSS; VARIETY; MEAL; AGE AB Old age is a time of vulnerability to unintentional weight loss, a factor that is associated with increased morbidity and premature death. Many possible causes of weight loss in old age have been suggested. The so-called anorexia of aging may play a particular role, by either reducing food intake directly or reducing food intake in response to such adverse factors as age-associated reductions in taste and smell, poor dentition, use of multiple prescription medicines, and depression. Recent studies also raise the question of whether a reduction in dietary variety may be important. These findings emphasize the need for regular monitoring of body weight to detect unintentional weight loss in older individuals and suggest testable ways to minimize the impact of the anorexia of aging on body weight through improved dietary management. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG07388] NR 43 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0029-6643 EI 1753-4887 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD APR PY 2000 VL 58 IS 4 BP 91 EP 97 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 316XG UT WOS:000087192900001 PM 10835898 ER PT J AU Martini, LA Wood, RJ AF Martini, LA Wood, RJ TI Should dietary calcium and protein be restricted in patients with nephrolithiasis? SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID OXALATE KIDNEY-STONES; ANIMAL PROTEIN; IDIOPATHIC HYPERCALCIURIA; URINARY CALCIUM; UNITED-STATES; BEVERAGE USE; VITAMIN-D; BONE LOSS; RISK; FORMERS AB Renal stone disease is a painful condition that affects 1-20% of the general population. Therapy aimed at decreasing the incidence of recurrent stones includes dietary advice. Dietary considerations include intake of both calcium and protein. Calcium restriction in stone formers is not recommended because it can have adverse effects on bone and the incidence of stones. Although a high-protein diet can elevate urinary calcium, uric acid, and sulfate and decrease urinary citrate, which may alter the propensity to form stones, restriction of protein to less than the current RDA for the management of stone disease can not be recommended at this time. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Martini, LA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Martini, Ligia/C-7279-2012 NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD APR PY 2000 VL 58 IS 4 BP 111 EP 117 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 316XG UT WOS:000087192900004 PM 10835901 ER PT J AU Frank, DA Groffman, PM Evans, RD Tracy, BF AF Frank, DA Groffman, PM Evans, RD Tracy, BF TI Ungulate stimulation of nitrogen cycling and retention in Yellowstone Park grasslands SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE grassland; nitrogen cycle; ungulates; Yellowstone National Park; N-15 ID SAGEBRUSH STEPPE LANDSCAPE; N-15 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; NATIONAL-PARK; SOIL-NITROGEN; DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEM; MINERALIZATION; ECOLOGY; GRAZERS; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY AB We studied how ungulates and a large variation in site conditions influenced grassland nitrogen (N) dynamics in Yellowstone National Park. In contrast to most grassland N studies that have examined one or two soil N processes, we investigated four rates, net N mineralization, nitrification. denitrification. and inorganic N leaching, at seven paired sites inside and outside longterm (33+ year) exclosures. Our focus was how N fluxes were related to one another among highly variable grasslands and how grazers influenced those relationships. In addition, we examined variation in soil delta(15)N among grasslands and the relationships between soil N-15 abundance and N processes. Previously, ungulates were reported to facilitate net N mineralization across variable Yellowstone grasslands and denitrification at mesic sites. In this study, we found that herbivores also promoted nitrification among diverse grasslands. Furthermore, net N mineralization, nitrification, and denitrification (kg N ha(-1) year(-1), each variable) were postively and linearly related to one another among all grasslands (grazed and fenced), and grazers reduced the nitrification/net N mineralization and denitrification/net N mineralization ratios, indicating that ungulates inhibited the proportion of available NH,I that was nitrified and denitrified. There was no relationship between net N mineralization or nitrification with leaching (indexed by inorganic N adsorbed to resin buried at the bottom of rooting zones) and leaching was unaffected by grazers. Soil delta(15)N was positively and linearly related to in situ net N mineralization and nitrification in ungrazed grasslands; however, there was no relationship between isotopic composition of N and those rates among grazed grasslands. The results suggested that grazers simultaneously increased N availability (stimulated net N mineralization and nitrification per unit area) and N conservation (reduced N loss from the soil per unit net N mineralization) in Yellowstone grasslands. Grazers promoted N retention by stimulating microbial productivity, probably caused by herbivores promoting labile soil C. Process-level evidence for N retention by grazers was supported by soil delta(15)N data. Grazed grassland with high rates of N cycling had substantially lower soil delta(15)N relative to values expected for ungrazed grassland with comparable net N mineralization and nitrification rates. These soil N-15 results suggest that ungulates inhibited N loss at those sites. Such documented evidence for consumer control of N availability to plants, microbial productivity, and N retention in Yellowstone Park is further testimony for the widespread regulation of grassland processes by large herbivores. C1 Syracuse Univ, Biol Res Labs, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Frank, DA (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Biol Res Labs, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. NR 39 TC 99 Z9 106 U1 4 U2 49 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD APR PY 2000 VL 123 IS 1 BP 116 EP 121 DI 10.1007/s004420050996 PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 311KW UT WOS:000086884300014 PM 28308736 ER PT J AU Steinberg, EB Karpati, A Giroux, J Marano, N Simons, M Dauphinais, L Kruger, K Reddy, S Martinelli, J Davis, H Hoekstra, M Henderson, A McGeehin, M Griffin, P AF Steinberg, EB Karpati, A Giroux, J Marano, N Simons, M Dauphinais, L Kruger, K Reddy, S Martinelli, J Davis, H Hoekstra, M Henderson, A McGeehin, M Griffin, P TI Gastrointestinal illness associated with school lunch programs: Baffling burritos and troublesome tortillas SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. N Dakota Dept Hlth, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Boston Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 934 BP 159A EP 159A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155300935 ER PT J AU Griffin, IJ King, JC Abrams, SA AF Griffin, IJ King, JC Abrams, SA TI Metabolic adaptations to dietary zinc restriction in young girls SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 964 BP 164A EP 164A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155300965 ER PT J AU Voigt, RG Jensen, CL Fraley, JK Heird, WC AF Voigt, RG Jensen, CL Fraley, JK Heird, WC TI Comparison of the validity of pediatrician-administered versus parent-completed measures of early child development SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Mayo Clin, Dept Pediat, Rochester, MN USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1369 BP 232A EP 232A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301368 ER PT J AU Nichols, BL Jahoor, F Butte, NF Ellis, K Lifschitz, CH Shulman, RJ Karnsakul, W Avery, SE McMeans, A Walker, B Reeds, PJ AF Nichols, BL Jahoor, F Butte, NF Ellis, K Lifschitz, CH Shulman, RJ Karnsakul, W Avery, SE McMeans, A Walker, B Reeds, PJ TI Partial maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) deficiency contributes to early onset obesity while on limited energy intakes SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1429 BP 242A EP 242A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301428 ER PT J AU O'Connor, PMJ Nguyen, HV Fiorotto, ML Reeds, PJ Burns, DG Beckett, PR Davis, TA AF O'Connor, PMJ Nguyen, HV Fiorotto, ML Reeds, PJ Burns, DG Beckett, PR Davis, TA TI Stimulation of protein synthesis by amino acids and insulin varies with muscle fibre type and age SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1730 BP 293A EP 293A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301728 ER PT J AU Riskin, A Nannegari, VH Haney, PM AF Riskin, A Nannegari, VH Haney, PM TI An intact endosomal pathway is required for normal targeting of GFP-GLUT1 glucose transporter fusion proteins in living mouse mammary epithelial cells SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1746 BP 296A EP 296A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301744 ER PT J AU Riskin, A Nannegari, VH Haney, PM AF Riskin, A Nannegari, VH Haney, PM TI GLUT1 colocalizes with the proteins of lactose synthetase and with endosomes in human mammary epithelial cells exposed to prolactin SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1745 BP 296A EP 296A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301743 ER PT J AU Shew, SB Jaksic, T Jahoor, F Heird, WC AF Shew, SB Jaksic, T Jahoor, F Heird, WC TI Effects of cysteine (CYS) on endogenous synthesis of taurine (TAU) and glutathione (GSH) by premature neonates receiving parenteral nutrition SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1750 BP 296A EP 296A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301748 ER PT J AU van Goudoever, JB Stoll, B Burrin, D Reeds, PJ AF van Goudoever, JB Stoll, B Burrin, D Reeds, PJ TI Intestinal metabolism has a major impact on systemic availability of dietary amino acids SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 SU S MA 1761 BP 298A EP 298A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298TM UT WOS:000086155301759 ER PT J AU Nemeth, BA Tsang, SWY Geske, RS Haney, PM AF Nemeth, BA Tsang, SWY Geske, RS Haney, PM TI Golgi targeting of the GLUT1 glucose transporter in lactating mouse mammary gland SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID APPARATUS; RAT; PROTEINS AB Lactose, the major carbohydrate of human milk, is synthesized in the Golgi from glucose and UDP-galactose. The lactating mammary gland is unique in its requirement for the transport of glucose into Golgi. Glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) is the only isoform of the glucose transporter family expressed in mammary gland. In most cells, GLUT1 is localized to the plasma membrane and is responsible for basal glucose uptake; in no other cell type is GLUT1 a Golgi resident. To test the hypothesis that GLUT1 is targeted to Golgi during lactation, the amount and subcellular distribution of GLUT1 were examined in mouse mammary grand at different developmental stages. Methods including immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, subcellular fractionation, density gradient centrifugation, and Western blotting yielded consistent results, In virgins, GLUT1 expression was limited to plasma membrane of epithelial cells. in late pregnant mice, GLUT1 expression was increased with targeting primarily to basolateral plasma membrane but also with some intracellular signal. During lactation, GLUT1 expression was further increased, and targeting to Golgi, demonstrated by colocalization with the 110-kD coatomer-associated protein beta-COP, predominated. Removal of pups 18 d after delivery resulted in retargeting of GLUT1 from Golgi to plasma membrane and a decline in total cellular GLUT1 within 3 h. In mice undergoing natural weaning, GLUT1 expression declined. Changes in the amount and targeting of GLUT1 during mammary gland development are consistent with a key role for GLUT1 in supplying substrate for lactose synthesis and milk production. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Madison, WI 53792 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Ctr Comparat Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Haney, PM (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [1R29HD/DK34701] NR 20 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 BP 444 EP 450 DI 10.1203/00006450-200004000-00006 PN 1 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 298QQ UT WOS:000086151000006 PM 10759149 ER PT J AU Ellis, KJ AF Ellis, KJ TI Human body composition: In vivo methods SO PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ENERGY X-RAY; NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS; FAT-FREE MASS; SUBCUTANEOUS ADIPOSE-TISSUE; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; AIR-DISPLACEMENT PLETHYSMOGRAPHY; MULTIETHNIC FEMALE-POPULATION; BIOIMPEDANCE VECTOR ANALYSIS AB Human Body Composition: In Vivo Methods. Physiol. Rev. 80: 649-680, 2000. -In vivo methods used to study human body composition continue to be developed:along with more advanced reference models that utilize the information obtained with these technologies. Some-methods are well established, with a strong physiological basis for their measurement, whereas others are much more indirect. This review has been structured from the methodological point of view to help the reader understand what can be examined with each technique. The associations between the various in vivo methods (densitometry, dilution, bioelectrical impedance and conductance, whole body counting, neutron activation, X-ray absorptiometry, computer tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging) and the five-level multicompartment model of:body composition are described, along with the limitations and advantages of each method. This review also provides an overview of the present status of this field of research in human biology, including examples of reference body composition data for infants, children, adolescents, and adults. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Body Composit Lab,Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Ellis, KJ (reprint author), CNRC, Rm 6066,1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kellis@bcm.tmc.edu NR 352 TC 333 Z9 358 U1 5 U2 63 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0031-9333 J9 PHYSIOL REV JI Physiol. Rev. PD APR PY 2000 VL 80 IS 2 BP 649 EP 680 PG 32 WC Physiology SC Physiology GA 296PF UT WOS:000086032300004 PM 10747204 ER PT J AU Wedge, DE Galindo, JCG Macias, FA AF Wedge, DE Galindo, JCG Macias, FA TI Fungicidal activity of natural and synthetic sesquiterpene lactone analogs SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE fungicides; dehydrozaluzanin C; zaluzanin C; dehydrocostuslactone; costunolide; 5 alpha-hydroxydehydrocostuslactone; sesquiterpene lactones; Colletotrichum acutatum; Colletotrichum fragariae; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; Fusarium oxysporum; Botrytis cinerea; Phomopsis sp ID ALPHA-METHYLENE; GUAIANOLIDES; PRODUCTS; LACKING; FACILE; RING AB Fungicidal activity of 36 natural and synthetic sesquiterpene lactones with guaianolide, trans, trans-germacranolide, cis, cis-germacranolide, melampolide, and eudesmanolide carbon skeletons was evaluated against the phytopathogenic fungi Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae, C. gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum. Botrytis cinerea, and Phomopsis sp. Dose response data for the active compounds dehydrozaluzanin C. dehydrocostuslactone, 5 alpha-hydroxydehydrocostuslacone, costunolide, and zaluzanin C are presented. A new 96-well microbioassay procedure for fast and easy evaluation of antifungal activity was used to compare these compounds with commercial fungicide standards. Some structure-activity conclusions are also presented. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Cadiz, Fac Ciencias, Dept Quim Organ, Cadiz 11520, Spain. RP Wedge, DE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. OI Garcia Galindo, Juan Carlos/0000-0001-9653-379X; Macias, Francisco A./0000-0001-8862-2864 NR 34 TC 112 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD APR PY 2000 VL 53 IS 7 BP 747 EP 757 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00008-X PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 303NF UT WOS:000086427400004 PM 10783981 ER PT J AU Shaw, PE Moshonas, MG Bowman, KD AF Shaw, PE Moshonas, MG Bowman, KD TI Volatile constituents in juice and oil of Australian wild lime (Microcitrus inodora) SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Microcitrus inodora; Rutaceae; volatiles; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; citrus; hybridization ID ORANGE AB Fifty-three volatile constituents from the juice and twenty from the peel oil of Microcitrus inodora have been identified by gas chromatographic and mass spectral analysis, All except seven had been reported earlier as citrus constituents. Since il I. inodora is used as a parent for production of new citrus hybrids. this information will be useful to horticulturists, plant breeders and phytochemists. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, SAA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. US Hort Res Lab, Orlando, FL 32803 USA. RP Shaw, PE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SAA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD APR PY 2000 VL 53 IS 8 BP 1083 EP 1086 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00529-4 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 313AE UT WOS:000086975500051 PM 10820835 ER PT J AU Martin, SN AF Martin, SN TI Rhizoctonia spp. recovered from strawberry roots in central coastal California SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. ID BINUCLEATE RHIZOCTONIA; ANASTOMOSIS GROUPS; IDENTIFICATION; SOILS AB Rhizoctonia spp. were commonly recovered from the roots of strawberry plants growing in nonfumigated soil in the central coastal region of California. With the exception of one multinucleate isolate of R. solani (frequency of recovery of 0.8%), all other isolates were binucleate and were in anastomosis groups (AG) A, G, or I. AGs-A and -I were recovered from all five collection sites, whereas AG-G was recovered from only two sites. AG-A was the most commonly isolated AG, followed by AGs-I and -G. Similar levels of virulence were observed among the different AGs, but differences in virulence were observed among isolates in the same AG. Evaluating anastomosis grouping by pairing isolates recovered from strawberry with known tester isolates did not always yield a positive anastomosis reaction, even though both isolates anastomosed with other members of the same AG. Subsequent investigations with multiple isolates in the same AG from the same collection location confirmed that there was a lack of anastomosis or weak anastomosis reactions for some combinations of pairings, highlighting the need for to use multiple tester isolates or molecular techniques for AG determination. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of a polymerase chain reaction-amplified region of the rDNA was effective for differentiating AGs. Sixteen RFLP groups were observed after cluster analysis with data for the size of the amplified products and fragment sizes after digestion with four restriction enzymes. Although each AG had isolates in multiple RFLP groups, any one individual RFLP group contained isolates of only a single AG. There was no consistent correlation between RFLP group and location of isolate collection. C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93915 USA. RP Martin, SN (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93915 USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2000 VL 90 IS 4 BP 345 EP 353 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 297JC UT WOS:000086078300006 ER PT J AU Kolmer, JA Liu, JQ AF Kolmer, JA Liu, JQ TI Virulence and molecular polymorphism in international collections of the wheat leaf rust fungus Puccinia triticina SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host selection; physiologic specialization; Puccinia recondita f. sp tritici ID F-SP TRITICI; PHYSIOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION; RECONDITA; CANADA; POPULATIONS; PHENOTYPES; DIVERSITY AB Collections of Puccinia triticina, the wheat leaf rust fungus, were obtained from Great Britain, Slovakia, Israel, Germany, Australia, Italy, Spain, Hungary, South Africa, Uruguay, New Zealand, Brazil, Pakistan, Nepal, and eastern and western Canada. All single-uredinial isolates derived from the collections were tested for virulence polymorphism on 22 Thatcher wheat lines that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes. Based on virulence phenotype, selected isolates were also tested for randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) using 11 primers. The national collections were placed into 11 groups based on previously established epidemiological zones. Among the 131 single-uredinial isolates, 105 virulence phenotypes and 82 RAPD phenotypes were described. In a modified analysis of variance, 26% of the virulence variation was due to differences in isolates between groups, with the remainder attributable to differences within groups. Of the RAPD variation, 36% was due to differences in isolates between groups. Clustering based on the average virulence distance (simple distance coefficient) within and between groups resulted in eight groups that differed significantly. Collections from Australia-New Zealand, Spain, Italy, and Britain did not differ significantly for virulence. Clustering of RAPD marker differences (1 - Dice coefficient) distinguished nine groups that differed significantly. Collections from Spain and Italy did not differ significantly for RAPD variation, neither did collections from western Canada and South America. Groups of isolates distinguished by avirulent/virulent infection types to wheat lines with resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, and Lr3 also differed significantly for RAPD distance, showing a general relationship between virulence and RAPD phenotype. The results indicated that on a worldwide level collections of P. triticina differ for virulence and molecular backgrounds. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. AgrEvo Canada, Saskatoon, SK R7N 4L8, Canada. RP Kolmer, JA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. NR 28 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2000 VL 90 IS 4 BP 427 EP 436 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2000.90.4.427 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 297JC UT WOS:000086078300018 PM 18944595 ER PT J AU Athwal, GS Lombardo, CR Huber, JL Masters, SC Fu, HA Huber, SC AF Athwal, GS Lombardo, CR Huber, JL Masters, SC Fu, HA Huber, SC TI Modulation of 14-3-3 protein interactions with target polypeptides by physical and metabolic effectors SO PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AMP binding; BIAcore; hydrolytic activity; metal binding; protein : protein interaction; Spinacia oleracea ID LEAF NITRATE REDUCTASE; REGULATORY PHOSPHORYLATION SITE; SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING SITES; LIGHT-DARK MODULATION; RAPID MODULATION; IN-VITRO; SPINACH; 14-3-3-PROTEINS; MITOCHONDRIA AB The proteins commonly referred to as 14-3-3s have recently come to prominence in the study of protein:protein interactions, having been shown to act as allosteric or steric regulators and possibly scaffolds. The binding of 14-3-3 proteins to the regulatory phosphorylation site of nitrate reductase (NR) was studied in real-time by surface plasmon resonance, using primarily an immobilized synthetic phosphopeptide based on spinach NR-Ser(543). Both plant and yeast 14-3-3 proteins were shown to bind the immobilized peptide ligand in a Mg2+-stimulated manner, Stimulation resulted from a reduction in KD and an increase in steady-state binding level (R-eq), As shown previously for plant 14-3-3s, fluorescent probes also indicated that yeast BMH2 interacted directly with cations, which bind and affect surface hydrophobicity. Binding of 14-3-3s to the phosphopeptide ligand occurred in the absence of divalent cations when the pH was reduced below neutral, and the basis for enhanced binding was a reduction in KD. At pH 7.5 (+Mg2+), AMP inhibited binding of plant 14-3-3s to the NR based peptide ligand. The binding of AMP to 14-3-3s was directly demonstrated by equilibrium dialysis (plant), and from the observation that recombinant plant 14-3-3s have a low, but detectable, AMP phosphatase activity. C1 USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci & Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Burnham Inst, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM steve_huber@ncsu.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM53165] NR 43 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0032-0781 EI 1471-9053 J9 PLANT CELL PHYSIOL JI Plant Cell Physiol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 BP 523 EP 533 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 306KU UT WOS:000086596500018 PM 10845467 ER PT J AU Tisserat, B Silman, R AF Tisserat, B Silman, R TI Interactions of culture vessels, media volume, culture density, and carbon dioxide levels on lettuce and spearmint shoot growth in vitro SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE CO2 enrichment; Lactuca sativa; Mentha spicata; sucrose; vessel capacity ID CO2 ENRICHMENT; IN-VITRO; PLANTLETS; INVITRO; LIGHT AB The influence of culture chamber capacity, medium volume and culture density on the growth yields of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) shoots were determined in an environment containing either 350 or 10,000 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 after 8 weeks of incubation. High positive correlations occurred between the culture vessel capacity and spearmint fresh weight, leaf number, root number, and shoot number. Similarly, high positive correlations occurred between culture vessel capacity and lettuce fresh weight, leaf number, and root number. Higher fresh weights, leaf numbers, and root numbers were obtained from lettuce and spearmint shoots when cultured in 1-quart Mason jars containing 100- or 150-ml aliquots of medium compared to jars containing 25- or 50-ml aliquots of medium within an environment containing either 350 or 10,000 mu mol mol(-1) CO2. High culture density decreased growth yields, and this phenomenon could only be slightly off-set by the employment of an elevated CO2 environment or larger culture vessels. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Tisserat, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD APR PY 2000 VL 19 IS 5 BP 464 EP 471 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 311HP UT WOS:000086878900006 ER PT J AU Tainter, FH O'Brien, JG Hernandez, A Orozco, F Rebolledo, O AF Tainter, FH O'Brien, JG Hernandez, A Orozco, F Rebolledo, O TI Phytophthora cinnamomi as a cause of oak mortality in the state of Colima, Mexico SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE introduced pathogen; root disease AB This research identifies the root pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi as the primary cause of mortality in a 300-ha disease center of mixed oak trees in a native forest in southern Mexico. In increasing order of apparent field resistance to the disease, the major oak species are Quercus glaucoides, Q. peduncularis, and Q. salicifolia. P. cinnamomi was isolated from soil in the affected area from symptomatic trees and was successfully used to perform Koch's postulates on these three oak species. Artificial and natural infections produced vertically elongated discolorations in the outer xylem and distinctive phloem canker lesions with a sharp demarcation line between healthy and affected tissues. In Q, glaucoides there is little evidence that this oak species is able to resist the girdling effects of the phloem lesions, but in Q. peduncularis, and especially in Q. salicifolia, increased production of callus tissue around the phloem canker lesions suggests an active resistance mechanism that may allow these infected trees to survive somewhat longer. This particular incident is unlike other recent reports in other parts of the world of oak mortality caused by P cinnamomi because the initial appearance of disease in this area is known (just prior to 1987), and it has subsequently expanded to the present area of 300 ha (in 1999) as a distinctive infection locus with periodically advancing infection fronts. This incident is also another dramatic illustration of the potential environmental damage that can result when P. cinnamomi is introduced into a simple forest ecosystem where the major overstory trees are susceptible to infection and are killed. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Secretaria Medio Ambiente Recursos Nat & Pesca, Coyoacan 04110, Mexico. Secretaria Medio Ambiente Recursos Nat & Pesca, Colima, Mexico. Univ Colima, Tecoman, Colima, Mexico. RP Tainter, FH (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 13 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2000 VL 84 IS 4 BP 394 EP 398 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.4.394 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 295XV UT WOS:000085994700002 ER PT J AU Montano, HG Davis, RE Dally, EL Pimentel, JP Brioso, PST AF Montano, HG Davis, RE Dally, EL Pimentel, JP Brioso, PST TI Identification and phylogenetic analysis of a new phytoplasma from diseased chayote in Brazil SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE bitter gourd; RFLP; 16S rRNA ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PATHOGENIC MYCOPLASMALIKE ORGANISMS; CLASSIFICATION; SEQUENCE; PLANT; GENE; AMPLIFICATION; AUSTRALIENSE; MOLLICUTES; TAXON AB Chayote (Sechium edule) (Cucurbitaceae), also known as vegetable pear, mirliton, or mango squash, is a commercially important vegetable crop in Brazil, where it is affected by chayote witches'-broom disease. Affected plants exhibit witches'-broom growths and other symptoms characteristic of plant diseases caused by phytoplasmas. Since previous electron microscopic studies revealed the association of a phytoplasma with chayote witches'-broom, the present work was aimed at detecting and classifying the phytoplasma that may be the causal agent of the disease. Strains of a phytoplasma belonging to group 16SrIII (X-disease phytoplasma group) were discovered in chayote affected by witches'-broom disease and in diseased plants of Momordica charantia that were growing as weeds in fields of chayote in Brazil. On the basis of results from restriction fragment length polymorphism and nucleotide sequence analyses of 16S rDNA, tbe phytoplasma was classified in a new subgroup, designated subgroup III-J. This classification was supported by a phylogenetic tree constructed by the Neighbor-Joining method. C1 ARS, USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Programa Biotecnol Vegetal, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. UFRRJ, IB, Dept Entomol & Fitopatol, BR-23851970 Seropedica, RJ, Brazil. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 40 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2000 VL 84 IS 4 BP 429 EP 436 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.4.429 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 295XV UT WOS:000085994700008 ER PT J AU Weiland, JJ Sundsbak, JL AF Weiland, JJ Sundsbak, JL TI Differentiation and detection of sugar beet fungal pathogens using PCR amplification of actin coding sequences and the ITS region of the rRNA gene SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RIBOSOMAL DNA; PRIMERS AB The DNA sequences of the actin genes of several fungi were compared and highly conserved regions in the coding sequence were identified. Deoxyoligonucleotide primers were synthesized based on conserved sequence blocks in the 5' and 3' ends of the open reading frame encoding the actin protein. In addition, primers (internal transcribed spacer [ITS] regions 1 and 4) based on conserved regions of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes of fungi were synthesized. Use of the primers in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) resulted in the amplification of DNA products from the genomes of sugar beet fungal pathogens of a size consistent with the amplification of the actin gene and rRNA gene sequences, respectively in these fungi. With one primer pair (5FWDACT and MIDREVACT) directed to the actin gene, the major products amplified from the DNA of Aphanomyces cochlioides, Pythium ultimum, Cercospora beticola, Phoma betae, Fusarium oxysporum, and Rhizoctonia solani were of the sizes of 0.9, 0.9, 1.1, 1.1, 1.2 and 1.7 kilobase pairs (kbp), respectively, whereas no product was generated from the DNA of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Restriction endonuclease digestion of products amplified using 5FWDACT and MIDREVACT permitted the differentiation of A. cochlioides from A. euteiches. Use of ITS1 and ITS4 in PCR reactions employing the same template DNAs and reaction conditions yielded single products of 0.7, 0.8, 0.5, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7 kbp, respectively, as well as a 0.7-kbp product from DNA of sugar beet. The data indicate that actin and rRNA gene sequences are appropriate targets for the development of PCR-based strategies for distinguishing sugar beet fungal pathogens at the genus level. The presence of A. cochlioides DNA in extracts of diseased sugar beet seedlings was detected using PCR with primers 5FWDACT and MIDREVACT. C1 ARS, Sugarbeet & Potato Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Weiland, JJ (reprint author), ARS, Sugarbeet & Potato Res Unit, No Crop Sci Lab, USDA, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2000 VL 84 IS 4 BP 475 EP 482 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.4.475 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 295XV UT WOS:000085994700016 ER PT J AU Moon, JS Allen, RG Domier, LL Hewings, AD AF Moon, JS Allen, RG Domier, LL Hewings, AD TI Molecular and biological characterization of a trackable Illinois isolate of Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE aphid transmission; PCR-RFLP ID READTHROUGH PROTEIN; APHID TRANSMISSION; LUTEOVIRUSES; SEQUENCE; SEROTYPE; STRAINS AB In consecutive annual statewide surveys of the incidence of Barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDVs) in Illinois wheat and oat fields, 27 BYDV-PAV-like isolates were identified. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the coat protein regions of all 27 isolates were analyzed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms. The PCR products of two isolates, one from each year, had restriction fragment profiles after digestion with HaeIII that differed from the other isolates. The nucleotide sequences of the coat protein regions of a laboratory isolate, BYDV-PAV-IL (PAV-IL), two of the isolates with the common restriction profile, and the two isolates with polymorphic profiles were more than 98% identical. The relatively rare isolate identified during the first year was designated BYDV-PAV-DK1 (PAV-DK1) and further characterized biologically. PAV-DK1 and PAV-IL did not differ significantly in symptom expression, but did differ significantly in rates of transmission by two of the three biotypes of Rhopalosiphum padi examined. Since PAV-DK1 does not occur in high levels in the state of Illinois, and its PCR products have a unique restriction enzyme profile, it has the potential to be used as a traceable isolate in field epidemiological experiments. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, USDA, Crop Protect Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Domier, LL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2000 VL 84 IS 4 BP 483 EP 486 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.4.483 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 295XV UT WOS:000085994700017 ER PT J AU Hokanson, SC Martin, RR Maas, JL AF Hokanson, S. C. Martin, R. R. Maas, J. L. TI First Report of Tobacco streak virus in Strawberry in the Eastern United States SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Hokanson, S. C.; Maas, J. L.] USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Martin, R. R.] USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Hokanson, SC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2000 VL 84 IS 4 BP 488 EP 488 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.4.488A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V19ZB UT WOS:000208109200005 ER PT J AU Leitz, RA Hartman, GL Pedersen, WL Nickell, CD AF Leitz, R. A. Hartman, G. L. Pedersen, W. L. Nickell, C. D. TI Races of Phytophthora sojae on Soybean in Illinois SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Leitz, R. A.; Pedersen, W. L.; Nickell, C. D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Hartman, G. L.] Univ Illinois, ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Leitz, RA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 2 TC 35 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2000 VL 84 IS 4 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.4.487D PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V19ZB UT WOS:000208109200004 ER PT J AU Martin, MN Slovin, JP AF Martin, MN Slovin, JP TI Purified gamma-glutamyl transpeptidases from tomato exhibit high affinity for glutathione and glutathione S-conjugates SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEFICIENT MICE; TRANSFERASE PEPTIDES; FLAVOR PRECURSORS; EXPORT PUMP; METABOLISM; PLANTS; LOCALIZATION; MEMBRANE; ONION; FRUIT AB gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidases (gamma GTases) are the only enzymes known to hydrolyze the unique N-terminal amide bonds of reduced glutathione (gamma-L-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine), oxidized glutathione, and glutathione S-conjugates. Two gamma GTases (I and II) with K-m values for glutathione of 110 and 90 mu M were purified 2,977-fold and 2,152-fold, respectively, from ripe tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) pericarp. Both enzymes also hydrolyze dipeptides and other tripeptides with N-terminal, gamma-linked Glu and the artificial substrates gamma-L-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide and gamma-L-glutamyl(7-amido-4-methylcoumarin). They transfer the glutamyl moiety to water or acceptor amino acids, including L-Met, L-Phe, L-Trp, L-Ala, or the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. gamma GTase I and II were released from a wall and membrane fraction of a tomato fruit extract with 1.0 M NaCl, suggesting that they are peripheral membrane proteins. They were further purified by acetone precipitation, Dye Matrex Green A affinity chromatography, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The two gamma GTases were resolved by concanavalin A (Con A) affinity chromatography, indicating that they are differentially glycosylated. The native and SDS-denatured forms of both enzymes showed molecular masses of 43 kD. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Climate Stress Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Martin, MN (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Cook Coll, Biotechnol Ctr Agr & Environm, Foran Hall, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. NR 41 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 122 IS 4 BP 1417 EP 1426 DI 10.1104/pp.122.4.1417 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 311UE UT WOS:000086903400044 PM 10759537 ER PT J AU Ishida, BK AF Ishida, BK TI Inhibitor-resistant early ethylene production during tomato fruit development SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Calyx; ethylene; fruit development; in vitro; tomato ID S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; HIGHER-PLANTS; APPLE FRUITS; BIOSYNTHESIS; METHIONINE; INTERMEDIATE; CONVERSION; GROWTH; CALYX; ION AB In addition to the ethylene formed at the onset of tomato fruit ripening, three peaks of ethylene are produced during earlier periods of in vitro development of tomato flower to fruit. This is the first report characterizing ethylene production during early development of tomato fruit. Previous reports from this laboratory showed that VFNT Cherry tomato calyces are transformed into fruit tissue when cultured in vitro at lower temperatures (16-23 degrees C). Early ethylene production was also measured in these ripening calyces, as well as in fruit and calyces of other tomato cultivars cultured in vitro. Calyces from Ailsa Craig and rin tomato flowers, which are not transformed into fruit tissue at these lower temperatures, also form ethylene during early periods of in vitro culture, but to a much smaller extent. Unlike ethylene formed at the onset of fruit ripening, the earlier peaks are resistant to the inhibitors, aminovinylglycine (AVG) and CoCl2. The data suggest that ethylene produced during earlier periods of tomato fruit development is formed by an alternative biosynthetic pathway. (C) 2000 USDA-ARS. Published by Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. C1 ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Ishida, BK (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD APR PY 2000 VL 38 IS 4 BP 325 EP 331 DI 10.1016/S0981-9428(00)00744-0 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 313JH UT WOS:000086996200008 ER PT J AU Manthey, JA Grohmann, K Berhow, MA Tisserat, B AF Manthey, JA Grohmann, K Berhow, MA Tisserat, B TI Changes in citrus leaf flavonoid concentrations resulting from blight-induced zinc-deficiency SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biosynthesis; glycosidation; hesperidin; naringin; Rutaceae; C-glycosylflavone; orange ID NARINGIN; FRUITS; BIOSYNTHESIS; AURANTIUM; PARADISI; WATER; TREES; NEOHESPERIDIN; PURIFICATION; GRAPEFRUIT AB Increased flavonoid concentrations were found to correlate with the elevated levels of leaf phenolic compounds occurring in blight-induced zinc-deficient citrus. In orange (Citrus sinensis L.) leaves, the increases occurred primarily in hesperidin and diosmin, whereas in grapefruit (C. paradisi Macf.) the largest increases occurred in naringin and rhoifolin. Zinc-deficiency occurring in the blighted citrus leaves appeared to be the important contributing factor to the increased flavonoid content. Although the leaves from trees with blight were typically smaller than leaves from unaffected trees, the increased flavonoid content was not significantly due to a concentration effect. Large differences occurred in the percent increases in concentrations of certain citrus leaf flavonoids. While large increases occurred for a number of flavanone and flavone glycosides, much smaller percent increases occurred for other minor flavone glycosides, and the polymethoxyflavone aglycones. The parallel increases occurring in the concentrations of certain flavone glycosides and their flavanone analogs provide a further indication that flavanone glycosides are precursors in the biosynthesis of flavone glycosides in citrus. (C) 2000 USDA-ARS. Published by Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. C1 ARS, USDA, SAA, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33883 USA. ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP ARS, USDA, SAA, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, POB 1909, Winter Haven, FL 33883 USA. EM jamwh@juno.com NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD APR PY 2000 VL 38 IS 4 BP 333 EP 343 DI 10.1016/S0981-9428(00)00748-8 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 313JH UT WOS:000086996200009 ER PT J AU Elliott, NC Kieckhefer, RW AF Elliott, NC Kieckhefer, RW TI Response by coccinellids to spatial variation in cereal aphid density SO POPULATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aphididae; biological control; Coccinellidae; predation; density dependence; functional response ID COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA COLEOPTERA; FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURES; DEVELOPMENTAL RATES; DEMOGRAPHIC-STATISTICS; POPULATION-DENSITY; RHOPALOSIPHUM-PADI; SITOBION-AVENAE; GROWTH-STAGES; SOUTH-DAKOTA; SWEET CORN AB The objectives of this study were to determine if coccinellids adjusted their distribution within spring wheat fields in response to spatial variation cereal aphid density in the fields and to describe the patterns of cereal aphid population growth that resulted. Field experiments were completed in which the physical dimensions of patches infested with cereal aphids, cereal aphid density, and access to patches by coccinellids were varied. Aphid infestations consisted of naturally occurring densities (natural patches) and much greater densities created by supplementing patches with aphids (supplemented patches). Coccinellids were denied access to some supplemented patches (exclusion patches) but allowed unlimited access to others. Densities of adult Hippodamia convergens and Coccinella septem-punctata were correlated with aphid density in patches whereas density of Coleomegilla maculata was not. Aggregation by coccinellids was independent of patch area. The realized aphid population growth rate (r) was lower in supplemented than natural patches in all four trials but was significantly lower in only one trial. The lower r in supplemented patches was not exclusively caused by coccinellid predation, and emigration of aphids from patches probably also contributed, r was significantly greater in exclusion patches than supplemented and natural patches, indicating that coccinellids markedly reduced aphid numbers in patches even when aphid density was extremely high. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD USA. RP Elliott, NC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, 1301 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 38 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN SN 1438-3896 J9 POPUL ECOL JI Popul. Ecol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 42 IS 1 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.1007/s101440050012 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 331GB UT WOS:000088009000012 ER PT J AU Hinton, A Buhr, RJ Ingram, KD AF Hinton, A Buhr, RJ Ingram, KD TI Physical, chemical, and microbiological changes in the ceca of broiler chickens subjected to incremental feed withdrawal SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ceca; feed withdrawal; Salmonella; lactic acid bacteria; Enterobacteriaceae ID SALMONELLA; TRACT AB Trials were conducted to determine the effect of feed withdrawal on the weight, pH, native bacterial flora, and the persistence of Salmonella typhimurium in the ceca of market-age broilers. Broilers were provided medicated or unmedicated feed and then were subjected to feed withdrawal for 0 to 24 h in transportation crates or on litter. After feed withdrawal, broilers were stunned, bled, scalded, and picked. One cecum from each bird was aseptically removed and weighed. The cecum was then blended in 20 mt of distilled water, and the pH of the blended suspension was measured. The number of total aerobes, Enterobacteriaceae, S. typhimurium, and lactic acid bacteria in the suspension were enumerated on the appropriate bacteriological media. Results indicated that up to 24 h of feed withdrawal produced no significant change in cecal weight and that cecal pH varied by up to 0.3 units during feed withdrawal. There were significant increases in the population of Enterobacteriaceae during feed withdrawal in Trials 2 and 3, and there was a significant increase in the population of cecal aerobes in Trial 3. Feed withdrawal produced significant decreases in the population of lactic acid bacteria in all trials, but no significant change in the population of S. typhimurium occurred during feed withdrawal. There were no significant differences in cecal weight, pH, native bacteria populations, or S. typhimurium populations between broilers that were subjected to feed withdrawal on litter or in crates. Findings indicate that feed withdrawal does not always effectively evacuate the contents of the ceca and that the ceca of broilers subjected to feed withdrawal can remain a source of foodborne bacterial pathogens. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Hinton, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Unit, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 79 IS 4 BP 483 EP 488 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 301WB UT WOS:000086332400007 PM 10780642 ER PT J AU Allen, PC Danforth, H Stitt, PA AF Allen, PC Danforth, H Stitt, PA TI Effects of nutritionally balanced and stabilized flaxmeal-based diets on Eimeria tenella infections in chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Eimeria tenella; n-3 fatty acids; weight gain; feed conversion; lesions ID N-3 FATTY-ACIDS; FLAXSEED AB Twenty Sex Sal cockerels were randomly assigned to each of eight groups; each of four nutritionally balanced diets were fed to two groups from 1 d through 4 wk of age. These diets contained 0, 2, 5, or 10% stabilized flaxseed meal that provided a calculated 0, 0.45, 1.11, or 2.22% n-3 fatty acids, primarily linolenic acid. At 3 wk of age, one group of chickens from each diet treatment was infected with Eimeria tenella and was housed in separate but similar conditions to uninfected control chickens. At 6 d postinfection, chickens were weighed, bled, killed, and scored for lesions. No level of dietary flaxmeal tested provided protection against weight gain depression, increased feed conversion ratios, or lesions. We concluded that these diets did not protect against E. tenella infection because levels of linolenic acid were not high enough, and the oxidative potentials were well suppressed by vitamin E and other stabilizers present. C1 USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ENRECO Inc, Manitowoc, WI 54220 USA. RP Allen, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 79 IS 4 BP 489 EP 492 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 301WB UT WOS:000086332400008 PM 10780643 ER PT J AU Gast, RK Holt, PS AF Gast, RK Holt, PS TI Influence of the level and location of contamination on the multiplication of Salmonella enteritidis at different storage temperatures in experimentally inoculated eggs SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enteritidis; eggs; yolk; albumen; temperature ID EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED HENS; SHELL EGGS; PHAGE TYPE-4; GROWTH; ALBUMIN; WHITE; YOLK AB Prompt refrigeration to temperatures capable of restricting microbial growth has been recommended as an approach to reducing the likelihood that contaminated eggs will transmit Salmonella enteritidis to humans. By using experimentally contaminated egg components, the present study determined the extent to which small numbers of S. enteritidis could grow to more dangerous levels at different temperatures over a period up to 3 d. This model was intended to simulate the potential opportunities for S. enteritidis multiplication following oviposition and prior to the achievement of internal temperatures able to prevent further microbial growth in eggs. At a relatively warmer incubation temperature (25 C) and with higher inoculum doses (150 cells), rapid and substantial S. enteritidis multiplication often occurred, especially when the bacteria had an opportunity for access to yolk nutrients and when contaminated eggs were incubated for 2 or 3 d before sampling. Extensive multiplication of S. enteritidis was less frequently observed at lower inoculum doses (15 cells), shorter storage times (1 d), and lower temperatures (10 to 17.5 C) and when contaminants were introduced into the albumen. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Gast, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 26 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 7 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 79 IS 4 BP 559 EP 563 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 301WB UT WOS:000086332400019 PM 10780654 ER PT J AU Abdelnabi, MA Bakst, MR Woods, JE Ottinger, MA AF Abdelnabi, MA Bakst, MR Woods, JE Ottinger, MA TI Plasma 17 beta-estradiol levels and ovarian interstitial cell structure in embryonic Japanese quail SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE embryo; 17 beta-estradiol; ovary; quail; female ID CHICKENS GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; CRITICAL PERIOD; BEHAVIOR; GONADS; BRAIN; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; TESTES AB Plasma concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol (E-2) and left ovarian histology were investigated by light and electron microscopy in female Japanese quail from Day 10 of embryonic development through Day 7, posthatch. Plasma E-2 levels remained relatively constant (102 to 140 pg/mL) in the embryo followed by a sharp decrease posthatch (47 to 70 pg/mL). Beginning on Day 10 of incubation, cells in the medullary portion (medullary cell; MC) of the left ovaries exhibited ultrastructural evidence of steroidogenic capability. The MC had numerous lipid droplets in close proximity to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). Mitochondria were also observed in the vicinity of the lipid droplets and SER. On Days 10 and 12, the cristae of the inner mitochondrial membranes were of a lamellar configuration; the cristae of some mitochondria in MC had a tubular appearance by Day 14. These data document relative ontogenic changes in ovarian morphology and plasma E-2 levels during the early developmental period in female Japanese quail. These data further support the role of this steroid in sexual differentiation. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Agr Res Serv, Avian Physiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Lab Dev Endocrinol, Sarasota, FL 34239 USA. RP Ottinger, MA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 79 IS 4 BP 564 EP 567 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 301WB UT WOS:000086332400020 PM 10780655 ER PT J AU Wilson, AD Lester, DG Edmonson, RE AF Wilson, AD Lester, DG Edmonson, RE TI Live oaks, new hosts for Odontocynips nebulosa Kieffer (Hymenoptera : Cynipidae) in North America SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE host-parasite relationships; Odontocynips nebulosa; Quercus fusiformis; Quercus virginiana; cynipid gall wasps; Ceratocystis fagacearum; oak wilt fungus ID EVOLUTION; WASPS AB A study of root-feeding insects as potential vectors of the oak wilt fungus Ceratocystis fagacearum (T. W. Bretz) J. Hunt in live oaks, revealed root galls induced by the cynipid gall wasp Odontocynips nebulosa Kieffer The incidence of the wasp on roots of four oak species and natural live oak hybrids at 14 root excavation sites in 7 counties throughout the Hill Country of central Texas was surveyed. The study was limited to sites within and adjacent to oak wilt infection centers of the live oak-Ashe juniper ecotype where oak wilt infected live oaks were being uprooted and rogued for disease suppression by the Texas Oak Wilt Suppression Project. This is the first report of this root-galling wasp on live oaks, Q. fusiformis Small and Quercus virginiana Miller x Quercus fusiformis natural hybrids, in North America. The incidence of root-galling by the wasp occurred at relatively low levels among trees examined at excavation sites in each county, indicating a sporadic distribution throughout the region. However, examinations of root-colonization and gall induction by O. nebulosa in uprooted live oaks showed relatively high levels of root infestations in some trees, including trees exhibiting symptoms of oak wilt disease. This pattern suggests high population densities in small localized areas. Examinations of individual gall clusters formed by the wasp on live oak roots revealed new details of gall morphology and developmental stages of the insect within galls. The significance of this wasp as a potential vector of the oak wilt fungus is discussed. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, So Hardwoods Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Wilson, AD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, So Hardwoods Lab, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RI Wilson, Alphus/Q-2137-2015 OI Wilson, Alphus/0000-0003-2352-5232 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2000 VL 102 IS 2 BP 360 EP 373 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 305KQ UT WOS:000086539300012 ER PT J AU Russell, LM AF Russell, LM TI Notes on the family Aleyrodidae and its subfamilies: Redescription of the genus Aleurocybotus Quaintance and Baker and description of Vasdavidius, a new genus (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Aleyrodidae; subfamilies; Aleurocybotus; Vasdavidius; adults; pupal cases; antennae; feet AB The author, publication date, type genus and type species are given for the whitefly family Aleyrodidae. The five subfamilies proposed for the Aleyrodidae are discussed briefly. Aleurocybotus Quaintance and Baker 1914, type species Aleurodes graminicola Quaintance 1899, is redescribed. Vasdavidius, new genus, is established with Aleurocybotus indicus David and Subramaniam 1976 the type species. As recognized here, species included in Aleurocybotus are New World forms and those in Vasdavidius are Old World species placed erroneously in Aleurocybotus. Keys are included for the adults and pupal. cases of the subfamilies of Aleyrodidae and for separating the adults and pupal cases of Aleurocybotus and Vasdavidius. The characteristics of the antennae and feet of adults of Aleurocybotus differ greatly from those: of other known genera of Aleyrodidae. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Russell, LM (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA, Bldg 005,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2000 VL 102 IS 2 BP 374 EP 383 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 305KQ UT WOS:000086539300013 ER PT J AU Jensen, AS AF Jensen, AS TI Eight new species of Macrosiphum Passerini (Hemiptera : Aphididae) from western North America, with notes on four other poorly known species SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Oregon; Washington; British Columbia; Pacific Northwest; lilies; identification; aphids AB Eight new species of Macrosiphum from western North America are described, with notes on biology and relationship to other Macrosiphum: Macrosiphum badium, n. sp., from Maianthemum spp. (Liliaceae), Macrosiphum claytoniae, n, sp., from Claytonia spp. (Portulacaceae), Macrosiphum holodisci, n. sp., from Holodiscus discolor (Rosaceae), Macrosiphum oregonense, n. sp., from Lysichitum americanum (Araceae), Macrosiphum vancouveriae, n. sp., from Vancouveria hexandra (Berberidaceae), Macrosiphum violae, n, sp., from Viola glabella (Violaceae), Macrosiphum willamettense, n. sp., from Spiraea douglasii (Rosaceae), and Macrosiphum wilsoni, n. sp., from Disporum spp. (Liliaceae). In addition, notes on biology and taxonomy are provided for four previously described, but poorly known, species of Macrosiphum: Macrosiphum insularis (Pergande) (= Macrosiphum yagasogae Hottes, new synonymy), which has been found on Streptopus amplexifolius (Liliaceae) in Oregon, Macrosiphum occidentalis, which feeds on Oemleria cerasiformis (Rosaceae), Macrosiphum tolmiea (Essig), which has been found on Mitella caulescens, Tellima grandiflora, and Tolmiea menziesii (Saxifragaceae) in Oregon, and Macrosiphum tuberculaceps (Essig), which feeds on Achlys triphylla (Berberidaceae). A key to the North American Macrosiphum species feeding on Liliaceae is also presented. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jensen, AS (reprint author), 714 Sunburst Court, Moses Lake, WA 98837 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2000 VL 102 IS 2 BP 427 EP 472 PG 46 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 305KQ UT WOS:000086539300020 ER PT J AU English, DBK Marcouiller, DW Cordell, HK AF English, DBK Marcouiller, DW Cordell, HK TI Tourism dependence in rural America: Estimates and effects SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE economic structure; minimum requirements; nonmetropolitan counties; recreation dependence; rural development; tourism dependence ID NONMETROPOLITAN AREAS; UNITED-STATES; GROWTH AB Recreation and tourism development continue to play an important role in reshaping rural America. Efforts to evaluate the effects of such development are complicated because residents and nonrecreation visitors also use the businesses that are affected by recreation and tourism visitors. We present a method for estimating in nonmetropolitan counties jobs and income that are generated by recreation and tourism visitors from outside the county. Several different techniques are used to (1) cluster similar counties, (2) account for the portion of tourism sector employment that serves local residents, and (3) account for the portion of export activity that serves nonrecreation visitors. Finally, we address the consequences of recreation dependence in rural counties. The counties most dependent on nonlocal tourism activity are compared to other rural counties on income, population, economic structure, and housing variables. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Urban & Reg Planning, Madison, WI USA. RP English, DBK (reprint author), Forestry Sci Lab, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD APR-MAY PY 2000 VL 13 IS 3 BP 185 EP 202 DI 10.1080/089419200279054 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 302VK UT WOS:000086386200001 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA Schomberg, HH Wilkinson, SR AF Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA Schomberg, HH Wilkinson, SR TI Soil organic C and N pools under long-term pasture management in the Southern Piedmont USA SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carbon mineralization; grazing; haying; land-use changes; microbial biomass; soil organic matter ID INTENSIVE CULTIVATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; NITROGEN; CARBON; GRASSLANDS; MATTER; MINERALIZATION; ACCUMULATION; IMPROVEMENT; BIOTA AB Soil organic matter pools under contrasting long-term management systems provide insight into potentials for sequestering soil C, sustaining soil fertility and functioning of the soil-atmospheric interface. We compared soil C and N pools (total, particulate and microbial) under pastures (1) varying due to harvest technique (grazing or haying), species composition (cool- or warm-season), stand age and previous land use and (2) in comparison with other land uses. Grazed tall fescue-common bermudagrass pasture (20 yr old) had greater soil organic C (31%), total N (34%), particulate organic C (66%), particulate organic N (2.4 fold) and soil microbial biomass C (28%) at a depth of 0-200 mm than adjacent land in conservation-tillage cropland (24 yr old). Soil organic C and total N at a depth of 0-200 mm averaged 3800 and 294 g m(-2), respectively, under grazed bermudagrass and 3112 and 219 g m(-2), respectively, under hayed bermudagrass. A chronosequence of grazed tall fescue suggested soil organic N sequestration rates of 7.3, 4.4 and 0.6 g m(-2) yr(-1) to a depth of 200 mm during 0-10, 10-30 and 30-50 yr, respectively. Soil C storage under long-term grazed tall fescue was 85 to 88% of that under forest, whereas soil N storage was 77 to 90% greater under grazed tall fescue than under forest. Properly grazed pastures in the Southern Piedmont USA have great potential to restore natural soil fertility, sequester soil organic C and N and increase soil biological activity. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 39 TC 123 Z9 156 U1 6 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD APR PY 2000 VL 32 IS 4 BP 469 EP 478 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(99)00176-5 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 300LW UT WOS:000086255300004 ER PT J AU Paramasivam, S Alva, AK Fares, A AF Paramasivam, S Alva, AK Fares, A TI An evaluation of soil water status using tensiometers in a sandy soil profile under citrus production SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tensiometers; irrigation scheduling; water management; available soil water; best management practice; nutrient leaching; effective rootzone ID NITROGEN MANAGEMENT; UNSATURATED SOILS; IRRIGATION; FERTIGATION; QUALITY; NITRATE; YIELD; TREES AB Redistribution and depletion of soil water in a Tavares fine sand (Typic Quartzipsamments) profile were evaluated after irrigation or rain in a commercial citrus grove with under-tree microsprinkler irrigation. Tensiometers were installed at 15-, 30-, 90-, and 150-cm depths in five clusters along the dripline of 25-year-old Hamlin orange trees on Cleopatra mandarin rootstock, Irrigation was scheduled when the soil water potential at the 15- and 30-cm depths exceeded either -10 KPa (Jan, to June) or -15 KPa (July to Dec.) to replenish the water deficit (below field capacity) in the top 90 cm of the soil profile. The tensiometers placed at 15- and 30-cm depths responded to changes in soil water regardless of irrigation or rainfall. Tensiometer readings at various depths were used to estimate the water content at corresponding depths using the van Genuchten analytical relationship equations. Total soil water contents within the rootzone (0 to 90 cm) and below the rootzone (90 to 150 cm) within the monitoring depth (0 to 150 cm) were also calculated to estimate the water available for the trees and water that drained below the rootzone, Results showed some leaching does occur during months when there is heavy rainfall. This study demonstrated that tensiometer readings can be used to calculate the soil water content at various depths within the soil profile. Therefore, duration of irrigation can be adjusted to minimize leaching below the rootzone, Because optimal irrigation management is important to minimize nutrient leaching below the rootzone, tensiometer-based irrigation scheduling is an important component of nutrient and irrigation best management practices for citrus in sandy soils. C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. USDA ARS, PWA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Paramasivam, S (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 165 IS 4 BP 343 EP 353 DI 10.1097/00010694-200004000-00005 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 309MY UT WOS:000086772600005 ER PT J AU Shelton, DR Sadeghi, AM McCarty, GW AF Shelton, DR Sadeghi, AM McCarty, GW TI Effect of soil water content on denitrification during cover crop decomposition SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE denitrification; hairy vetch; cover crop; N-mineralization; decomposition ID NITROUS-OXIDE PRODUCTION; CORN PRODUCTION; GRAIN-SORGHUM; HAIRY VETCH; LEGUME; MINERALIZATION; SAMPLES; CARBON AB Experiments were conducted to assess the effects of soil water content on denitrification during hairy vetch (Vicia Villosa) decomposition. Hairy vetch plants were grown from seed to maturity in soil cores. Before and after kill, simulated rainfall was applied to cores weekly and leachate was analyzed for NO3- and NH4+. Denitrification incubations (ca. 48 h duration) were conducted 3, 17, 31, and 45 days after kill using the acetylene block method. Soil water content was varied systematically to give a range of percent water-filled pore space (WFPS) values from field capacity (60%) to saturation (100%), Little denitrification occurred on Day 3 (<2 mg N2O-N), Substantial denitrification occurred on Days 1.7, 31, and 45, with maxima of 44, 27, and 30 mg N2O-N produced in saturated cores, respectively, accounting for approximately 60 to 75% of the total inorganic N (NO3- + NH4+ N2O) present in cores. There was an apparent linear relationship between denitrification and soil water content (WFPS), with a threshold for denitrification at ca. 60% WFPS, Cumulative N lost from cores during four denitrification incubations ranged from 1 to 48 Kg N ha(-1), depending on percent WFPS, Rates of N mineralization were relatively linear after denitrification incubations (55 days). Cumulative N mineralized from unsaturated cores was ca, 190 Kg N ha-L through 120 days after kill, These data indicate that substantial quantities of vetch-N may be lost during decomposition. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shelton, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Chem Lab, Bldg 001,BARC W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 17 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 165 IS 4 BP 365 EP 371 DI 10.1097/00010694-200004000-00007 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 309MY UT WOS:000086772600007 ER PT J AU Prior, SA Reicosky, DC Reeves, DW Runion, GB Raper, RL AF Prior, SA Reicosky, DC Reeves, DW Runion, GB Raper, RL TI Residue and tillage effects on planting implement-induced short-term CO2 and water loss from a loamy sand soil in Alabama SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE loamy sand soil; CO2 and water loss; gas fluxes ID CARBON; CORN AB Recent research indicates tillage operations result in a rapid physical release of CO2 and water vapor from soil. However, effects of soil disturbance on gas fluxes during planting operations have not been adequately explored. Our objective was to measure short-term gas loss resulting from the use of different planting preparation implements on long-term residue-covered soil (no-till) on a Norfolk loamy sand (Typic Kandiudults; FAO classification Luxic Ferralsols) in east-central Alabama, USA. A crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) cover crop was killed with herbicide two weeks prior to the study. Due to dry soil conditions, 15 mm of water was applied 24 h prior to study. Gas fluxes were measured with a large canopy chamber (centered over two rows) for an integrated assessment of equipment-induced soil disturbance. Increased losses of CO2 and water vapor were directly related to increases in soil disturbance. Although these short-term C losses are minor in terms of predicting longterm C turnover in agro-ecosystems, results suggest that selecting planting equipment that maintains surface residue and minimizes soil disturbance could help to conserve soil water needed for successful seedling establishment in these coarse textured soils. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Int Paper, Southlands Expt Forest, Bainbridge, GA 31717 USA. RP Prior, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, 411 S Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. NR 7 TC 29 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 54 IS 3-4 BP 197 EP 199 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(99)00092-6 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 331FY UT WOS:000088008700008 ER PT J AU Cheres, MT Miller, JF Crane, JR Knapp, SJ AF Cheres, MT Miller, JF Crane, JR Knapp, SJ TI Genetic distance as a predictor of heterosis and hybrid performance within and between heterotic groups in sunflower SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE heterosis; genetic distance; sunflower; Helianthus annuus ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; HELIANTHUS-ANNUUS L; US MAIZE INBREDS; CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER; DIVERSITY; RFLPS; LINES; GERMPLASM; PEDIGREE; MARKERS AB Heterosis is significant for seed yield and is one of the driving forces behind the hybrid seed industry in cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L). Heterotic groups in sunflower, if any other than the female and male inbred-line groups exist, have not been well studied or described. The primary aims of this study were to assess the utility and validity of a series of proposed heterotic groups and estimate correlations between genetic distance, heterosis, and hybrid performance for seed yield in sunflower. Fortytwo female by male heterotic group (A x R) and 81 female by female heterotic group (A x B) single-cross hybrids were grown in Corvallis, Ore., and Casselton, N.D., in 1996 and 1997. Heterosis was significant for seed yield and plant height but not for seed oil concentration and days to flowering. Genetic distances were significantly correlated with hybrid seed yield when estimated from AFLP fingerprints (G(D),) (r = 0.63 for A x R and 0.79 for A x B hybrids), but not from coancestries (Gc) (r = -0.02 for A x R and 0.54 for A x B hybrids). G(D), (R-2 = 0.4) was a poor predictor of hybrid seed yield. The proposed heterotic groups in sunflower seem to have utility, but do not seem to be as strongly differentiated as those in corn (Zea mays L.). The highest-yielding hybrids were from the B-C X R-B, heterotic pattern; however, several B-C X B-C, hybrids (within-group hybrids) were among the top-yielding hybrids. The outstanding performance of certain B-C X B-C, hybrids casts some doubt on the validity of the B-C group. Substantial genetic diversity seems to be present within and between heterotic groups in sunflower. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Knapp, SJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 33 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD APR PY 2000 VL 100 IS 6 BP 889 EP 894 DI 10.1007/s001220051366 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 314NA UT WOS:000087061100009 ER PT J AU Alvarez, B Sanchez, C Bullido, R Marina, A Lunney, J Alonso, F Ezquerra, A Dominguez, J AF Alvarez, B Sanchez, C Bullido, R Marina, A Lunney, J Alonso, F Ezquerra, A Dominguez, J TI A porcine cell surface receptor identified by monoclonal antibodies to SWC3 is a member of the signal regulatory protein family and associates with protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE differentiation antigens; monoclonal antibodies; myeloid cells; pig; SHP-1; SWC3 ID SWINE CD WORKSHOP; MYELOID CELLS; FEVER VIRUS; MACROPHAGES; EXPRESSION; MONOCYTES; ADHESION AB SWC3 was defined at the First International Swine CD Workshop as a specific myelomonocytic antigen of 230 kDa with mAbs 74-22-15, 6F3 and DH59B. In this report, we describe two new mAbs (BL1H7 and BA1C11) that react selectively with granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages. These monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognize a molecule in the range of 90-115 kDa in immunoprecipitation and/or Western blotting analyses. Two-colour FAGS analyses showed that the distribution of BL1H7 and BA1C11 antigens was identical to that of SWC3. Moreover, in this assay, mAb 74-22-15 appeared to partially block the binding of mAbs BL1H7 and BA1C11, suggesting that all these mAbs reacted with the same or spatially close epitopes. Cross-blocking analyses indicated that it was the case with mAbs 74-22-15 and BL1H7. Immunoprecipitation experiments with mAbs 74-22-15, BL1H7 and BA1C11, followed by immunoblotting with mAb BL1H7 confirmed that all three mAbs recognize the same molecule, Analysis of the N-terminal sequence carried out on the affinity purified protein revealed homology with members of signal regulatory protein (SIRP) family. Like other members of this family, after treatment with sodium pervanadate, SWC3 became phosphorylated in tyrosines, and associated with the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. C1 INIA, CISA, Dept Sanidad Anim, Madrid 28130, Spain. UAM, CSIC, CBMSO, Lab Quim Prot, Madrid, Spain. USDA ARS, Helminth Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Dominguez, J (reprint author), INIA, CISA, Dept Sanidad Anim, Madrid 28130, Spain. RI Ezquerra, Angel/I-3440-2012; Sanchez-Torres, Carmen/K-4713-2014; Dominguez, Javier/I-1210-2015; OI Sanchez-Torres, Carmen/0000-0003-0045-8233; Ezquerra, Angel/0000-0002-1824-5087 NR 22 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD APR PY 2000 VL 55 IS 4 BP 342 EP 351 DI 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2000.550408.x PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 313UR UT WOS:000087018100008 PM 10852386 ER PT J AU Sandhu, JS Krasnyanski, SF Domier, LL Korban, SS Osadjan, MD Buetow, DE AF Sandhu, JS Krasnyanski, SF Domier, LL Korban, SS Osadjan, MD Buetow, DE TI Oral immunization of mice with transgenic tomato fruit expressing respiratory syncytial virus-F protein induces a systemic immune response SO TRANSGENIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE edible vaccine; immunoglobulins G and A; respiratory syncytial virus; transgenic tomato ID TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; SUBUNIT VACCINE; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; SEROPOSITIVE CHILDREN; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; MONTHS OLD; B-SUBUNIT; IMMUNOGENICITY; INFECTION; GLYCOPROTEIN AB Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important pathogens of infancy and early childhood. Here a fruit-based edible subunit vaccine against RSV was developed by expressing the RSV fusion (F) protein gene in transgenic tomato plants. The F-gene was expressed in ripening tomato fruit under the control of the fruit-specific E8 promoter. Oral immunization of mice with ripe transgenic tomato fruits led to the induction of both serum and mucosal RSV-F specific antibodies. The ratio of immunoglobulin subclasses produced in response to immunization suggested that a type 1 T-helper cell immune response was preferentially induced. Serum antibodies showed an increased titer when the immunized mice were exposed to inactivated RSV antigen. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mol & Integrat Physiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Buetow, DE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mol & Integrat Physiol, 524 Burrill Hall,407 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 46 TC 91 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-8819 J9 TRANSGENIC RES JI Transgenic Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 9 IS 2 BP 127 EP 135 DI 10.1023/A:1008979525909 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 331ZQ UT WOS:000088048900006 PM 10951696 ER PT J AU Schaberg, PG Snyder, MC Shane, JB Donnelly, JR AF Schaberg, PG Snyder, MC Shane, JB Donnelly, JR TI Seasonal patterns of carbohydrate reserves in red spruce seedlings SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE needles; Picea rubens; roots; sugars; starch; stems ID DOUGLAS-FIR SEEDLINGS; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; PINE-SEEDLINGS; WINTER INJURY; COLD-STORAGE; GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; STARCH; FOREST AB We studied seasonal dynamics of carbohydrate storage in red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) seedlings by measuring starch and sugar concentrations of old needles (greater than or equal to one year old), new needles (< one year old), stems, and roots in two stands in the Green Mountains of Vermont. Although the two stands differed in many site characteristics including percent slope, aspect, soil type, drainage, and 564 m in elevation, concentrations and seasonal patterns of carbohydrates were similar for the two stands. For all tissues, starch concentrations peaked in late spring, declined through summer, and reached a minimum in winter. Sugar concentrations were greater than starch concentrations in all months except May and June. Sugar concentrations peaked in winter, and old needles showed a significant increase in sugar concentration between February and,March. This increase in sugar concentration occurred without any reduction in localized starch concentrations or reductions in sugar or starch concentrations in new needles, stems or roots. Because March measurements were made toward the end of a prolonged thaw, a time when increases in photosynthesis have been documented for red spruce, it is likely that the March increase in sugar concentrations resulted from photosynthesis during the thaw. Compared with stems and roots, needles generally contained the highest concentration of carbohydrates and exhibited the greatest seasonal change in carbohydrate concentration. Needles were also the largest reservoir of carbohydrates throughout the year, especially during winter. Because of the critical roles of needles in photosynthesis and storage of carbohydrates, we conclude that any factors that disrupt the accumulation or availability of carbohydrates in red spruce needles will greatly alter plant carbon relations. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. State Vermont Dept Forests Pk & Recreat, Essex Junction, VT 05452 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Schaberg, PG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, POB 968, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. NR 60 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 8 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD APR PY 2000 VL 20 IS 8 BP 549 EP 555 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 312TC UT WOS:000086958300008 ER PT J AU Wei, CF Steudle, E Tyree, MT AF Wei, CF Steudle, E Tyree, MT TI Reply ... Water ascent in plants SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID PRESSURE CHAMBER C1 Univ Bayreuth, Lehrstuhl Pflanzenokol, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. Univ Vermont, Dept Bot, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Aiken Forestry Sci Lab, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Steudle, E (reprint author), Univ Bayreuth, Lehrstuhl Pflanzenokol, POB 101251, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 5 IS 4 BP 146 EP 147 DI 10.1016/S1360-1385(00)01580-6 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 303BW UT WOS:000086401800022 ER PT J AU Adhvaryu, A Perez, JM Duda, L AF Adhvaryu, A Perez, JM Duda, L TI Quantitative NMR spectroscopy for the prediction of base oil properties SO TRIBOLOGY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Tribologists-and-Lubrication-Engineers CY MAY 23-27, 1999 CL LAS VEGAS, NEVADA SP Soc Tribologists & Lubricat Engineers DE mineral base oil; NMR; correlation ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS; PETROLEUM-PRODUCTS; CRUDE-OIL; C-13; PROTON AB The performance characteristics of mineral base oils depend largely oil their physiochemical properties. These properties in turn air dependent on the type and relative amount of different hydrocarbons present in the system. The physical properties Of some molecules air known to be quite different when they are in a mixture and their influence on bulk physical properties of base oils can vary considerable. The evaluation of these properties can involve long procedures, considerable manpower; a large sample and a costly laboratory infrastructure. A rapid method was developed using quantitative C-13 NMR derived structure al information on a set of Group 1 type base oils. The molecular level characterization is considered more accurate, requiring less time and test sample to study base oil properties. If such structural data are correlated suitably with the bulk physical properties, they can be used as reliable tools for predictive models. A best subset multi-component regression analysis of the NMR data generated on several base oils are used to develop correlations to predict base oil properties such as API gravity, pour point, aniline point and viscosity, The method and some results are reported. C1 USDA ARS, NCUAR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Adhvaryu, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCUAR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 1040-2004 J9 TRIBOL T JI Tribol. Trans. PD APR PY 2000 VL 43 IS 2 BP 245 EP 250 DI 10.1080/10402000008982335 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 307YL UT WOS:000086681700011 ER PT J AU Wilson, WC Ma, HC Venter, EH van Dijk, AA Seal, BS Mecham, JO AF Wilson, WC Ma, HC Venter, EH van Dijk, AA Seal, BS Mecham, JO TI Phylogenetic relationships of bluetongue viruses based on gene S7 SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE phylogenetic relationships; bluetongue viruses; gene S7 ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MAJOR CORE PROTEIN; INNER CAPSID PROTEIN; CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS; UNITED-STATES; VP7; SEROTYPE-1; PARTICLES; SEGMENTS; ANTIGEN AB Previous phylogenetic analyses based on bluetongue virus (BTV) gene segment L3, which encodes the inner core protein, VP3, indicated a geographical distribution of different genotypes. The inner core protein, VP7, of BTV has been identified as a viral attachment protein for insect cell infection. Because the inner core proteins are involved with infectivity of insect cells, we hypothesized that certain VP7 protein sequences are preferred by the insect vector species present in specific geographic locations. We compared the gene segment S7, which encodes VP7, from 39 strains of BTV isolated from Central America, the Caribbean Basin, the United States, South Africa and Australia. For comparison, the S7 sequences from strains of the related orbiviruses, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) and African horse sickness virus (AHSV) were included. The S7 gene was highly conserved among BTV strains and fairly conserved among the other orbiviruses examined. VP7 sequence alignment suggests that the BTV receptor-binding site in the insect is also conserved. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the BTV S7 nucleotide sequences do not unequivocally display geographic distribution. The BTV strains can be separated into five clades based on the deduced VP7 amino acid sequence alignment and phylogeny but evidence for preferential selection by available gnat species for a particular VP7 clade is inconclusive. Differences between clades indicate allowable Variation of the VP7 binding protein. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Natl Anim Quarantine Inst, Shandong, Peoples R China. Univ Pretoria, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. Onderstepoort Vet Inst, Div Biochem, Onderstepoort, South Africa. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Wilson, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Arthropod Borne Anim Dis Res Lab, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RI Venter, Estelle/O-6953-2014 OI Venter, Estelle/0000-0001-7351-0827 NR 37 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD APR PY 2000 VL 67 IS 2 BP 141 EP 151 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(00)00138-6 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 324UR UT WOS:000087640200004 PM 10867193 ER PT J AU Reddy, KN AF Reddy, KN TI Weed control in soybean (Glycine max) with cloransulam and diclosulam SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE metolachlor; SAN 582; EPHHS; IPOHG; IPOLA; PANRA; SIDSP ID CHLORIMURON; HERBICIDES; METHYL AB Field studies were conducted in 1997 and 1998 to evaluate weed control and soybean (Glycine max) yield with cloransulam and diclosulam. Cloransulam at 35 g/ha applied preplant incorporated (PPI) and preemergence (PRE) controlled at least 91% of hyssop spurge (Euphorbia hyssopifolia) and prickly sida (Sida spinosa) and at least 82% of entireleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula) and pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) at 7 wk after planting. Control of these species with cloransulam was not affected by method of soil application. Control of prickly sida with cloransulam PPI or PRE was better than with cloransulam postemergence (POST) at 18 g/ha. Soybean yields were similar with cloransulam PPI (2,880 kg/ha) or PRE (3,110 kg/ka) and were comparable to imazaquin PRE at 140 g/ha (3,080 kg/ha). Weed control and soybean yields with cloransulam POST were similar to that with chlorimuron POST at 11 g/ha. SAN 582 plus cloransulam PRE followed by cloransulam POST provided the highest soybean yield (3,450 kg/ha). Diclosulam PPI or PRE provided similar levels; of control of hyssop spurge, Ipomoea morningglories, and prickly sida. Overall, control of these species with diclosulam PPI or PRE was similar to that obtained with sulfentrazone plus chlorimuron PRE. Soybean yields (greater than or equal to 3,290 kg/ha) were similar regardless of method of diclosulam application, and yields were equivalent to that of sulfentrazone plus chlorimuron PRE (3,270 kg/ha). C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Reddy, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2000 VL 14 IS 2 BP 293 EP 297 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2000)014[0293:WCISGM]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 397JX UT WOS:000166693500009 ER PT J AU Forcella, F AF Forcella, F TI Rotary hoeing substitutes for two-thirds rate of soil-applied herbicide SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE integrated weed management; interrow cultivation; preemergence herbicide; seedling emergence; timeliness ID WEED MANAGEMENT; CORN AB Dose-response curves for acetochlor with and without timely rotary hoeing (two passes) were derived for corn (Zea mays) fields over 2 yr. The fields were dominated by green foxtail (Setaria viridis), which constituted 73 to 86% of the weed vegetation, but also contained minor populations of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum), and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus). In the absence of herbicide, rotary hoeing achieved about 50% weed control. In the absence of rotary hoeing, weed control averaged > 90% at the full label rate of acetochlor (3 kg ai/ha on clay loam soil). With two timely rotary hoeings, however, this same level of control was achieved with only 1 kg/ka acetochlor. Given the suite of weed species present in these experiments, timely rotary hoeing substituted for 67% of the label rate of acetochlor. Timeliness of rotary hoeing operations also provided consistency of results from one year to the next. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Forcella, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2000 VL 14 IS 2 BP 298 EP 303 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2000)014[0298:RHSFTT]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 397JX UT WOS:000166693500010 ER PT J AU Smeda, RJ Currie, RS Rippee, JH AF Smeda, RJ Currie, RS Rippee, JH TI Fluazifop-P resistance expressed as a dominant trait in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hybridization; outcrossing; SORHA ID SOYBEANS GLYCINE-MAX; HALEPENSE CONTROL; GRAMINICIDE-RESISTANT; ACETYL-COENZYME; JOHNSONGRASS; HERBICIDES; DICLOFOP; INHERITANCE; TOLERANCE AB Reports of resistance to grass-selective herbicides, including johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) resistant to fluazifop-P, have become quite common. Experiments were conducted to determine if fluazifop-P resistance could be transferred from johnsongrass to crop sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and to identify the heritability of resistance in the progeny. A population of male sterile, fluazifop-P-sensitive sorghum, AKS-82, was interplanted with fluazifop-P-resistant johnsongrass and progeny treated with 0.105 kg ai/ha fluazifop-P postemergence (POST), Surviving seedlings were backcrossed to fluazifop-P-resistant johnsongrass. Viable plants from this successful cross were then testcrossed to another sensitive sorghum, TX622, These testcross progeny were then screened for herbicide resistance by again applying fluazifop-P POST at 0.105 kg /ha. Chi-square analysis revealed that resistance to fluazifop-P was inherited by a single, dominant gene. Natural hybridization of johnsongrass and sorghum is possible, and transfer of herbicide resistance between species can occur. C1 USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Kansas State Univ, SW Res & Extens Ctr, Garden City, KS 67846 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Smeda, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2000 VL 14 IS 2 BP 397 EP 401 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2000)014[0397:FPREAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 397JX UT WOS:000166693500022 ER PT J AU Gealy, DR Saldain, NE Talbert, RE AF Gealy, DR Saldain, NE Talbert, RE TI Emergence of red rice (Oryza sativa) ecotypes under dry-seeded rice (Oryza sativa) culture SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE germination; red rice emergence depth; soil texture AB The effect of seeding depth on emergence of red rice (Oryza sativa) ecotypes from Arkansas (AR), Louisiana (LA), and Mississippi (MS) was determined under dry-seeded rice production in clay and silt loam soils in Arkansas. By 21 d after planting (DAP), all red rice ecotypes had emerged from planting depths of 1.3, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 cm in both clay and silt loam soils. In silt loam soil, seedling emergence from 2.5 cm 7 DAP tended to be greater than from 1.3 cm in an early (normal temperature) planting. Also in this situation, the LA ecotype emerged more vigorously than the other ecotypes at all seeding depths and emerged from 7.5 cm at levels 1.5 times those of the other ecotypes at the same depth. In the clay soil, seedling emergence from 7.5 cm at 21 DAP was greater for the LA and MS ecotypes than for the AR ecotype in an early planting, but these differences were not observed for a late (elevated temperature) planting. Seedling emergence was earlier and greater in silt loam than in clay. The LA ecotype generally produced the greatest aboveground dry matter, especially at the early planting. The MS ecotype averaged 30% less dry matter production than the AR ecotype for the late planting in both soils. The ability of the LA and MS ecotypes to emerge from greater depths than the AR ecotype under certain soil and temperature conditions suggests that they could be more difficult to control with cultural practices used in dry-seeded rice culture. C1 ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpes Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Agron, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Talbert, RE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpes Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2000 VL 14 IS 2 BP 406 EP 412 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2000)014[0406:EORROS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 397JX UT WOS:000166693500024 ER PT J AU Mensing, SA Elston, RG Raines, GL Tausch, RJ Nowak, CL AF Mensing, SA Elston, RG Raines, GL Tausch, RJ Nowak, CL TI A GIS model to predict the location of fossil packrat (Neotoma) middens in central Nevada SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE GIS predictive model; weights-of-evidence; fossil packrat middens; Nevada; Neotoma AB Fossil packrat (Neotoma) middens provide an important source of paleoecologic data in the arid West. This study describes and tests a predictive GIS model that uses the weights-of-evidence method for determining areas with a high probability of containing fossil middens in central Nevada. Model variables included geology, elevation, and aspect. Geology was found to be the most important variable tested. We produced a map of 4 probability classes validated by field-checking 21 randomly selected 1-km(2) sites throughout the study area. Our high-probability category reduced the search area to only 3.5% of the total study area. Fossil middens were found on 8 of 21 sites (38%). Geologic types that contained middens were granite, limestone, and volcanic tuff. A 2nd run of the model with the new midden localities added to the training set helped narrow the total search area even further. This analysis demonstrates that the weights-of-evidence method provides an effective tool both for guiding research design and for helping locate midden sites within specific localities. With only a limited training dataset and a simple set of mapped criteria, a model can be constructed that is both predictive and testable. We intend to continue development of the model to improve our ability to predict the location of Pleistocene-age middens and to locate middens on low-probability sites. This method, designed for mineral exploration, has wide potential application within the natural sciences. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geosci, US Geol Survey, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Geosci, Adjunct Fac, Reno, NV 89557 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Mensing, SA (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Geog, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2000 VL 60 IS 2 BP 111 EP 120 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 320PH UT WOS:000087409200001 ER PT J AU Smith, JP Hoffman, JT AF Smith, JP Hoffman, JT TI Status of white pine blister rust in the Intermountain West SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE white pine; white pine blister rust; Cronartium ribicola; tree diseases; Great Basin forests; Rocky Mountain forests; subalpine forests AB During 1995-1997 we conducted a white pine blister rust (WPBR) disease survey in white pines of the Intermountain West. Incidence of WPBR in white pines was 59% overall, 73% in the northern Rocky Mountains, 55% in the middle Rocky Mountains, and 67% in the Sierra Nevada sample stands. Intensity within infected stands averaged 35% and ranged from 2% to 100%. Southward spread of the disease along the western slopes of the Rocky Mountains appears to have slowed or stopped, and the disease was found at the northtern and western edges of, but not within, the Great Basin region. Smaller-diameter trees infected with WPBR sustained more severe damage than larger-diameter trees. Mortality and top kill caused by WPBR were very low across the entire study area, but incidence and intensity of the disease appear to have increased substantially in the northern and middle Rocky Mountains since the 1960s. C1 No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, Forest Hlth Protect, Boise, ID 83709 USA. RP Smith, JP (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Sch Forestry, Box 15018, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 4 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2000 VL 60 IS 2 BP 165 EP 179 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 320PH UT WOS:000087409200006 ER PT J AU York, DL Cummings, JL Steuber, JE Pochop, PA Yoder, CA AF York, DL Cummings, JL Steuber, JE Pochop, PA Yoder, CA TI Importance of migrating salmon smolt in ring-billed (Larus delawarensis) and California Gull (L-californicus) diets near Priest Rapids Dam, Washington SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE California Gull; Columbia River; dams; diet; Larus delawarensis; Larus californicus; Ring-billed Gull; salmon migration; salmon smolt AB Ring-billed (Larus delawarensis) and California Gulls (L. californicus) have been implicated in depredations on migrating salmon smolt in the Columbia River. As part of a gull management program conducted in 1995 and 1996, we collected L. delawarensis (n = 120) and L. californicus (n = 45) near Priest Rapids Dam, Washington, and analyzed stomach contents to determine food habits and thus the importance of fish in gull diets. Percent volume measurements and index of relative importance rankings suggested a greater reliance on fish by L. californicus than by L. delawarensis. Peak percent consumption of fish by both species occurred in May, coinciding with peak salmon out-migration through Priest Rapids Dam; and for both species number of fish consumed by gulls was higher below Priest Rapids Dam. Gulls collected prior to, and after, peak smolt migration indicated low importance rankings for fish in both L. delawarensis and L. californicus diets. However, the importance ranking of fish in gull diets changed over time and was higher for both species as the smolt migration peaked in May. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Oklahoma City, OK 73105 USA. RP York, DL (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 5 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2000 VL 60 IS 2 BP 216 EP 220 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 320PH UT WOS:000087409200012 ER PT J AU Groom, L AF Groom, L TI Who are we? SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Groom, L (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 32 IS 2 BP 137 EP 137 PG 1 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 307EH UT WOS:000086640000001 ER PT J AU Smith, RL Spradlin, WE Alderman, DR Cesa, E AF Smith, RL Spradlin, WE Alderman, DR Cesa, E TI A perceptional comparison of wood in separate infrastructure markets SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE perceptions; wood; infrastructure materials; material attributes ID TIMBER BRIDGES; ADOPTION AB Perceptions of wood as an infrastructure material were investigated within four distinct market segments and within five geographic regions of the United States. Wood was compared to steel, reinforced and prestressed concrete, aluminum, and plastic on six predetermined factor groups and by thirty material attributes. The foremost factors in material choice decisions were durability, maintenance, and cost. All infrastructure groups rated wood lower in overall material performance as compared to prestressed and reinforced concrete, steel, and aluminum. Only plastic was rated lower than wood in perceived material performance. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Coll Nat Resources, Ctr Forest Prod Marketing & Management, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Natl Oak Flooring Mfg Assoc, Memphis, TN USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Wood Transportat Program, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Smith, RL (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Coll Nat Resources, Ctr Forest Prod Marketing & Management, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 2000 VL 32 IS 2 BP 239 EP 255 PG 17 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 307EH UT WOS:000086640000012 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Feil, VJ Paulson, GD AF Smith, DJ Feil, VJ Paulson, GD TI Identification of turkey biliary metabolites of ractopamine hydrochloride and the metabolism and distribution of synthetic [C-14]ractopamine glucuronides in the turkey SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article ID BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS; TISSUE RESIDUES; ILLEGAL USE; RAT; DISPOSITION; ENZYMES AB 1. The bile duct cannulated turkey poult (n = 3) dosed orally with [C-14]ractopamine HCl {(1R*, 3R*),(1R*,3S*)-4-hydroxy-alpha-[[[3-(4-hydroxy[C-14]phenyl)-1-methylpropyl]- amino]methyl]-benzenemethanol hydrochloride; 19.9 mg; 9.28 mu Ci} excreted 37.4 +/- 12.1% (mean+/-SD) of the administered radioactivity in bile by 24 h post-dosing. 2. A mono-glucuronide, conjugated at C-10 (the methylpropylamino phenol) of ractopamine, accounted for 76.6 % of biliary radioactivity. 3. Urine collected from the colostomized turkey poult (n = 3) orally dosed with synthetic [C-14]ractopamine-glucuronides (10.1 mg; 3.6 mu Ci) contained 11.9+/-1.0% (mean+/-SD) of the administered radioactivity 24 h after dosing. indicating that some absorption of radioactivity occurred. Faeces contained 60.6% of the administered radioactivity and carcasses (with gastrointestinal tracts) contained 23.3 %, of the starting radioactivity. 4. Five colostomized poults were fitted with bile duct cannulas and were dosed intraduodenally with 10.2 mg (3.6 mu Ci) synthetic [C-14]ractopamine-glucuronides. Urine and bile contained 15.5 +/- 2.2 and 16.8 +/- 2.1 % respectively of the administered radiocarbon by 24 h post-dosing. Faeces contained 54.3% of the administered radioactivity. Total absorption of the dosed radioactivity aleraged 33.4 %. 5. Bile and urine collected from the colostomized, bile-duct cannulated bird contained mainly ractopamine glucuronides. Indirect evidence suggests that the dosed ractopamine glucuronides were nor absorbed intact. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, POB 5674 Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD APR PY 2000 VL 30 IS 4 BP 427 EP 440 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 310TG UT WOS:000086843000008 PM 10821170 ER PT J AU Mailly, D Kimmins, JP Busing, RT AF Mailly, D Kimmins, JP Busing, RT TI Disturbance and succession in a coniferous forest of northwestern North America: simulations with DRYADES, spatial gap model SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE forest gap model; coniferous forest; forest dynamics; forest management; forest succession; partial cutting; spatial simulation model ID COASTAL BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WESTERN CASCADE RANGE; DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; BOREAL FORESTS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; COMPUTER-MODEL; SOIL-MOISTURE AB In this paper we describe a model of forest development that has been adapted for use in a coniferous forest of northwestern North America. The simulator, DRYADES, is a Spatial gap model used to examine the effects of disturbances of different types, sizes, and frequencies in mature Douglas iir dominated forests on zonal sites of the Coastal Western Hemlock drier maritime (CWHdm) subzone of British Columbia. Simulation exercises were carried out to test the following (not mutually exclusive) hypotheses in relation to forest compositional variations observed within the study area today: (1) disturbance-mediated succession can accelerate the conversion of early successional forest communities dominated by pioneer tree species (e.g. Douglas fir) to later successional associations; (2) when present in the canopy, long-lived, tall, pioneer species such as Douglas fir strongly influence stand dynamics, regardless of the type of canopy disturbance; (3) silvicultural practices that emulate the autogenic natural disturbance regime of small canopy gaps will maintain a late-successional character at the stand level. Model simulations of forest successional dynamics suggested that: (1) repeated, small-scale disturbances such as light windstorms or small patch harvesting can accelerate the rate of tree species replacement by accelerating forest succession; (2) large-scale disturbances such as infrequent severe fires set back succession to an earlier seral stage dominated by Douglas fir; (3) clear-cutting without Douglas fir planting accelerates forest succession towards a western hemlock/western redcedar forest; (4) on mesic sites in the CWHdm subzone, Douglas fir will not dominate stand dynamics, unless there are infrequent, severe fire disturbances; (5) the creation of small openings through partial harvesting did not allow shade intolerant species to re-establish naturally and dominate the forest stand dynamics. It was concluded that modelled successional dynamics and composition of these forests are largely a function of the initial competitive interactions and the relative shade tolerance of species involved. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ British Columbia, Forest Sci Ctr, Dept Forest Sci, Forest Ecosyst Simulat Management Grp, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis Forest Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Mailly, D (reprint author), Foret Quebec, Direct Rech Forestiere, 2700 Rue Einstein, Ste Foy, PQ G1P 3W8, Canada. EM daniel.mailly@mrn.gouv.qc.ca NR 96 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAR 30 PY 2000 VL 127 IS 2-3 BP 183 EP 205 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(99)00208-2 PG 23 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 299DP UT WOS:000086180800005 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MW Dargatz, DA AF Sanderson, MW Dargatz, DA TI Risk factors for high herd level calf morbidity risk from birth to weaning in beef herds in the USA SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cow-calf; calf-health; morbidity; logistic regression; risk factors ID HEALTH-MONITORING-SYSTEM; DISEASE INCIDENCE; UNITED-STATES; ROUNDS 2; COLORADO; MORTALITY; CALVES; PERFORMANCE AB We analyzed data from a national survey of beef cow-calf producers in the USA to quantify the effects of hypothesized risk factors on herd-level calf morbidity risk from birth to weaning. The analysis included 2490 herds from 23 states. Two stepwise logistic regressions were fit to identify factors associated with greater than or equal to 10% morbidity. The first model included all herds dichotomized into high-morbidity herds with greater than or equal to 10% morbidity and low-morbidity herds with <10% morbidity. The second model excluded herds with between 5 and 10% morbidity, and compared greater than or equal to 10% morbidity with less than or equal to 5% morbidity. The risk of dystocia was categorized into five levels for analysis; all non-zero categories were associated with increased odds of being a high-morbidity herd compared to herds with no dystocia (OR=2.7-5.5). Having >70% of cows and heifers calves in confinement also increased the odds of being a high-morbidity herd (OR=1.8). The population attributable fractions for dystocia and confined calving for the model including all herds dichotomized at 10% morbidity were 0.41 and 0.11, respectively. The summary population attributable fraction for both factors was 0.46. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Vet Med Teaching Hosp, Dept Clin Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Sanderson, MW (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Vet Med Teaching Hosp, Dept Clin Sci, 1800 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD MAR 29 PY 2000 VL 44 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1016/S0167-5877(99)00112-9 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 299RB UT WOS:000086210700008 PM 10727747 ER PT J AU Elder, RO Keen, JE Siragusa, GR Barkocy-Gallagher, GA Koohmaraie, M Laegreid, WW AF Elder, RO Keen, JE Siragusa, GR Barkocy-Gallagher, GA Koohmaraie, M Laegreid, WW TI Correlation of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 prevalence in feces, hides, and carcasses of beef cattle during processing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK; SEROTYPE AB A survey was performed to estimate the frequency of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 or O157:nonmotile (EHEC O157) in feces and on hides within groups of fed cattle from single sources (lots) presented for slaughter at meat processing plants in the Midwestern United States, as well as frequency of carcass contamination during processing from cattle within the same lots. Of 29 lots sampled, 72% had at least one EHEC O157-positive fecal sample and 38% had positive hide samples. Overall, EHEC O157 prevalence in feces and on hides was 28% (91 of 327) and 11% (38 of 355), respectively, carcass samples were taken at three points during processing: preevisceration, postevisceration before antimicrobial intervention, and postprocessing after carcasses entered the cooler, Of 30 lots sampled, 87% had at least one EHEC O157-positive preevisceration sample, 57% of lots were positive postevisceration, and 17% had positive postprocessing samples. Prevalence of EHEC O157 in the three postprocessing samples was 43% (148 of 341), 18% (59 of 332) and 2% (6 of 330), respectively. Reduction in carcass prevalence from preevisceration to postprocessing suggests that sanitary procedures were effective within the processing plants. Fecal and hide prevalence were significantly correlated with carcass contamination (P = 0.001), indicating a role for control of EHEC O157 in live cattle. C1 ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Laegreid, WW (reprint author), ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, USDA, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 NR 26 TC 548 Z9 569 U1 1 U2 31 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 28 PY 2000 VL 97 IS 7 BP 2999 EP 3003 DI 10.1073/pnas.060024897 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 299JK UT WOS:000086195200010 PM 10725380 ER PT J AU Teal, PEA Gomez-Simuta, Y Proveaux, AT AF Teal, PEA Gomez-Simuta, Y Proveaux, AT TI Mating experience and juvenile hormone enhance sexual signaling and mating in male Caribbean fruit flies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SUSPENSA LOEW DIPTERA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; PSEUDALETIA-UNIPUNCTA; PHEROMONE RELEASE; TEPHRITIDAE; BIOSYNTHESIS; BEHAVIOR; SUCCESS; INVITRO; SYSTEM AB Young mated male Caribbean fruit flies [Anastrepha suspensa (Loew)] have greater sexual prowess than their virgin counterparts. After mating for the first time, 6- to ir-day-old males released twice as much sex pheromone and acquired another mate in less than half the time required by virgin males of the same age. Mass spectroscopic analysis of extracts of hemolymph from mated and Virgin 7-day-old males resulted in identification of juvenile hormone III bisepoxide and juvenile hormone III in a ratio of 2.5:1. Extracts from mated males contained 3-fold more juvenile hormone than did extracts from virgins. Enhancement of sexual signaling, pheromone release, and mating was induced by topical application of juvenile hormone, methoprene, or fenoxycarb. Newly enclosed adult males treated with juvenoids engaged in sexual signaling, released pheromone, and mated at significantly earlier ages than control males. We conclude that juvenile hormone mediated a positive feedback system that imparted a competitive advantage, guaranteeing that males who mated at an early age would out-compete virgins of the same age for mating opportunities. Additionally. the results support the hypothesis that juvenile hormone is a pivotal hormone coordinating the development of sexual signaling and reproductive maturity in these flies. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Mexico Medfly Program, Tapachula 30700, Chiapas, Mexico. RP Teal, PEA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23 Dr, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 36 TC 80 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 19 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 28 PY 2000 VL 97 IS 7 BP 3708 EP 3712 DI 10.1073/pnas.060034397 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 299JK UT WOS:000086195200133 PM 10706642 ER PT J AU Anderson, OD AF Anderson, OD TI Genes for crop engineering and the future impact of genomics. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 53-AGFD BP U33 EP U33 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100054 ER PT J AU Atalla, RH Weinstock, IA Houtman, CJ Bond, JS Reiner, RS Reichel, S Sonnen, D Hill, CG Hill, CL Wemple, M Cowan, J Barbuzzi, EMG AF Atalla, RH Weinstock, IA Houtman, CJ Bond, JS Reiner, RS Reichel, S Sonnen, D Hill, CG Hill, CL Wemple, M Cowan, J Barbuzzi, EMG TI Polyoxometallate-based closed systems for oxidative delignification of wood pulp fibers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wisconsin, US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Houtman, Carl/I-4469-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 175-CELL BP U284 EP U284 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246101387 ER PT J AU Atalla, RH AF Atalla, RH TI Species specificity of the structures of native celluloses. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 20-CELL BP U259 EP U260 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246101236 ER PT J AU Baker, ME Manthey, JA AF Baker, ME Manthey, JA TI Binding of citrus compounds to estrogen-receptor alpha and beta and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. USDA, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 198-AGFD BP U56 EP U56 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100197 ER PT J AU Beier, RC Stanker, LH AF Beier, RC Stanker, LH TI Use of an antigen based on molecular modeling resulted in the development of a monoclonal antibody-based immunoassay for the goccidiostat nicarbazin. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Immunochem Grp, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 127-AGRO BP U82 EP U82 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100328 ER PT J AU Berhow, M Wagner, ED Plewa, MJ Vaughn, SF Bartolini, S Naschansky, K AF Berhow, M Wagner, ED Plewa, MJ Vaughn, SF Bartolini, S Naschansky, K TI Isolation and evaluation of soy isoflavonoids acting as chemoprotectants in mammalian cell cultures. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 181-AGFD BP U53 EP U54 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100180 ER PT J AU Biresaw, G Carriere, CJ AF Biresaw, G Carriere, CJ TI Interfacial properties of starch/biodegradable ester blends. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 321-POLY BP U404 EP U404 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202271 ER PT J AU Blechl, AE Lin, JW Le, HQ Bekes, F Gras, PW Anderson, OD AF Blechl, AE Lin, JW Le, HQ Bekes, F Gras, PW Anderson, OD TI Using biotechnology to understand and improve wheat end-use duality. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. CSIRO, Grain Qual Res Lab, Div Plant Ind, N Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia. RI Bekes, Ferenc/B-5933-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 127-AGFD BP U45 EP U45 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100127 ER PT J AU Bothast, RJ Nichols, NN Skory, CD Dien, BS AF Bothast, RJ Nichols, NN Skory, CD Dien, BS TI Genetic control of metabolic functions for production of fuels and chemicals. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 30-BTEC BP U521 EP U521 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202920 ER PT J AU Bouwer, H AF Bouwer, H TI Concerns about pharmaceuticals in water reuse and animal waste. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 46-ENVR BP U625 EP U625 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246103385 ER PT J AU Bresnahan, GA Koskinen, WC Dexter, AG AF Bresnahan, GA Koskinen, WC Dexter, AG TI Availability of imidazolinone herbicides in aged soils. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 66-AGRO BP U72 EP U72 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100268 ER PT J AU Brown, EM Dudley, RL AF Brown, EM Dudley, RL TI Use of NMR and CD in a study of aluminum binding to collagen. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 326-BIOT BP U221 EP U222 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246101050 ER PT J AU Calderon, MJ Hermosin, MC Diaz, A Cornejo, J Koskinen, WC AF Calderon, MJ Hermosin, MC Diaz, A Cornejo, J Koskinen, WC TI Hexazinone dissipation in forestry field nurseries. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CSIC, IRNAS, E-41080 Seville, Spain. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 70-AGRO BP U72 EP U73 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100272 ER PT J AU Carriere, CJ Inglett, GE AF Carriere, CJ Inglett, GE TI Application of integral constitutive equations to describe the nonlinear rheological behavior of flour suspensions. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biomat Proc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 57-POLY BP U364 EP U364 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202008 ER PT J AU Cleveland, TE Brown, RL Chen, Z Cary, JW Rajasekaran, K AF Cleveland, TE Brown, RL Chen, Z Cary, JW Rajasekaran, K TI Corn as a source of antifungal genes for genetic engineering of crops for resistance to aflatoxin contamination. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 105-AGFD BP U41 EP U42 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100106 ER PT J AU Cornish, K AF Cornish, K TI Biochemistry of natural rubber biosynthesis. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 135-CELL BP U278 EP U278 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246101347 ER PT J AU Cornish, K Scott, DJ Chapman, MH Siler, DJ AF Cornish, K Scott, DJ Chapman, MH Siler, DJ TI Modeling the rubber transferase active site using enzyme kinetics. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 286-BIOT BP U215 EP U215 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246101011 ER PT J AU Cornish, K Chapman, MH Brichta, JL AF Cornish, K Chapman, MH Brichta, JL TI Purification and quality testing of hypoallergenic latex from guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Crop Improvement & Utilizat, Albany, CA 94720 USA. RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 201-BIOT BP U191 EP U192 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100928 ER PT J AU Cornish, K Chapman, MH Brichta, JL Scott, DJ AF Cornish, K Chapman, MH Brichta, JL Scott, DJ TI Effect of postharvest conditions on the yield of hypoallergenic latex from guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Crop Improvement & Utilizat, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 200-BIOT BP U191 EP U191 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100927 ER PT J AU Dandekar, AM McGranahan, GH Vail, PV Uratsu, SL Leslie, CA Tamura, M Tebbets, SJ Labavitch, J Greve, C Sassa, H Tao, RT Gradziel, T Cheng, LL AF Dandekar, AM McGranahan, GH Vail, PV Uratsu, SL Leslie, CA Tamura, M Tebbets, SJ Labavitch, J Greve, C Sassa, H Tao, RT Gradziel, T Cheng, LL TI Modification of quality and productivity traits in tree crops. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. Yokohama City Univ, Kihara Inst Biol Res, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2440813, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 52-AGFD BP U33 EP U33 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100053 ER PT J AU Dien, BS Nichols, NN Bothast, RJ AF Dien, BS Nichols, NN Bothast, RJ TI Production of ethanol and lactic acid from hexose and pentose sugars using recombinant Escherichia coli. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 257-BIOT BP U210 EP U211 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100984 ER PT J AU Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA Rooney, LW AF Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA Rooney, LW TI Effect of nixtamalization (alkaline cooking) on fumonisin-contaminated corn for production of tortillas. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Cereal Qual Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 204-AGFD BP U57 EP U57 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100202 ER PT J AU Dong, K Liu, Z Ren, J Valles, SM Goldin, AL AF Dong, K Liu, Z Ren, J Valles, SM Goldin, AL TI Sodium channel mutations and pyrethroid resistance. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Michigan State Univ, Entomol & Neurosci Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 15-AGRO BP U63 EP U63 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100219 ER PT J AU Duke, SO Scheffler, BE Dayan, FE AF Duke, SO Scheffler, BE Dayan, FE TI Genetically engineering crops for improved weed management. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 49-AGFD BP U32 EP U33 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100050 ER PT J AU French, AD Kelterer, AM Johnson, GP Dowd, MK AF French, AD Kelterer, AM Johnson, GP Dowd, MK TI QM/MM3 modeling study of maltose. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Graz Tech Univ, A-8010 Graz, Austria. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 66-CELL BP U267 EP U267 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246101281 ER PT J AU French, AD Kelterer, AM Cramer, CJ Johnson, GP Dowd, MK AF French, AD Kelterer, AM Cramer, CJ Johnson, GP Dowd, MK TI QM/MM conformational analyses of the trehaloses. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Graz Tech Univ, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI Cramer, Christopher/B-6179-2011 OI Cramer, Christopher/0000-0001-5048-1859 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 43-CARB BP U243 EP U243 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246101155 ER PT J AU Friedman, M AF Friedman, M TI Nutritional improvement of soy proteins through disulfide interchange. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA, ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 158-AGFD BP U50 EP U50 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100158 ER PT J AU Friedman, M Kozukue, N Harden, LA AF Friedman, M Kozukue, N Harden, LA TI Eugenol prevents destruction of trans-cinnamaldehyde by heat. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Kenmei Jr Coll, Dept Home Econ, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 7-AGFD BP U26 EP U26 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100008 ER PT J AU Gallagher, S AF Gallagher, S TI Synthesis and characterization of phosphonate-containing polysiloxanes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 324-POLY BP U404 EP U404 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202274 ER PT J AU Grigoriev, VA Weinstock, IA Hill, CL AF Grigoriev, VA Weinstock, IA Hill, CL TI Oxidation of a phenolic lignin model by a polyoxometalate: Kinetics and mechanism. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 372-INOR BP U827 EP U827 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246104506 ER PT J AU Himmelsbach, DS Barfon, FE McClung, AM Champagne, ET AF Himmelsbach, DS Barfon, FE McClung, AM Champagne, ET TI Prediction of protein and amylose contents of rice flour by NIR-FT Raman spectroscopy. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Qual Assessment Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Rice Res Lab, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 83-AGFD BP U38 EP U38 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100084 ER PT J AU Hotchkiss, AT Savary, BJ Coffin, DR Chau, HK Fishman, ML AF Hotchkiss, AT Savary, BJ Coffin, DR Chau, HK Fishman, ML TI Modification of pectin's gel strength by orange pectin methyl esterase. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 102-CARB BP U252 EP U252 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246101214 ER PT J AU Hotchkiss, AT Lecrinier, SL Hicks, KB AF Hotchkiss, AT Lecrinier, SL Hicks, KB TI Improved milligram quantity isolation of oligogalacturonic acids up to DP 20. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 40-CARB BP U242 EP U243 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246101152 ER PT J AU Hultgren, RP Elverson, E Cupples, AM Hudson, RJ Sims, GK AF Hultgren, RP Elverson, E Cupples, AM Hudson, RJ Sims, GK TI Bacterial uptake and soil sorption of ionizable agrochemicals. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Depaul Univ, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RI Sims, Gerald/A-2500-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 191-ENVR BP U648 EP U648 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246103525 ER PT J AU Hurrell, RF AF Hurrell, RF TI Enhanced iron absorption from cereal and legume foods by phytic-acid degradation. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 186-AGFD BP U54 EP U54 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100185 ER PT J AU Imam, SH Mao, LJ Gordon, S AF Imam, SH Mao, LJ Gordon, S TI Tailored biodegradable properties of starch-based materials and their environmental performance. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biopolymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 29-BTEC BP U521 EP U521 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202919 ER PT J AU Inglett, GE AF Inglett, GE TI Taste- and texture-improving properties of a new nutraceutical food ingredient. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 10-AGFD BP U26 EP U26 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100011 ER PT J AU Jeffries, TW Shi, NQ Jin, YS Cruz, J AF Jeffries, TW Shi, NQ Jin, YS Cruz, J TI Metabolic pathway engineering for improved xylose fermentation by yeasts. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Inst Micr Biochem Technol, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012; Jin, Yong-Su/L-4530-2013; Cruz Freire, Jose/A-7834-2011 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065; Cruz Freire, Jose/0000-0003-1471-9035 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 32-BTEC BP U522 EP U522 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202922 ER PT J AU Johnston, JJ Goodall, MJ Goldade, DA Kimball, BA Miller, LA Yoder, CA AF Johnston, JJ Goodall, MJ Goldade, DA Kimball, BA Miller, LA Yoder, CA TI Desomosterol: A biomarker for the potential wildlife contraceptive diazacon. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, APHIS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 92-AGRO BP U76 EP U76 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100294 ER PT J AU Kuk, MS AF Kuk, MS TI Biodegradable lamella surface derived from oilseed soapstock. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 97-AGFD BP U40 EP U40 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100098 ER PT J AU Kurowska, EM Manthey, JA AF Kurowska, EM Manthey, JA TI Regulation of lipoprotein metabolism in HepG2 cells by citrus flavonoids. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Western Ontario, KGK Synergize Inc, London, ON N6G 4X8, Canada. USDA ARS, SAA, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 169-AGFD BP U52 EP U52 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100169 ER PT J AU Ladisch, MR Beery, KE Mosier, NS Hendrickson, R Brewer, MA Dien, BS Bothast, RJ Drescher, R Welsh, G AF Ladisch, MR Beery, KE Mosier, NS Hendrickson, R Brewer, MA Dien, BS Bothast, RJ Drescher, R Welsh, G TI Incremental ethanol yields from processing corn fiber by thermal pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Purdue Univ, Renewable Resources Engn Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biochem Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. William Energy Serv, Pekin, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 46-BTEC BP U524 EP U524 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202936 ER PT J AU Lookhart, GL Vasil, IK Zhao, J Bean, S McCluskey, P Zhou, HP Vasil, V AF Lookhart, GL Vasil, IK Zhao, J Bean, S McCluskey, P Zhou, HP Vasil, V TI Improving dough strength of wheat with overexpression of high molecular weight glutenin gene 1Ax1. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Univ Florida, Lab Plant Cell & Mol Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 123-AGFD BP U44 EP U44 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100123 ER PT J AU Marshall, WE Johns, MM Toles, CA Wartelle, LH AF Marshall, WE Johns, MM Toles, CA Wartelle, LH TI Agricultural by-product-based carbons: Do they have a future as commercial products?. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Commod Utilizat Management Unit, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 115-IEC BP U740 EP U741 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246103962 ER PT J AU Mau, CJD Scott, DJ Cornish, K AF Mau, CJD Scott, DJ Cornish, K TI Multiwell filtration system results in rapid, high-throughput rubber transferase microassay. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Crop Improvement & Utilizat Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 204-BIOT BP U192 EP U192 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100931 ER PT J AU Merken, HM Beecher, GR AF Merken, HM Beecher, GR TI Extraction and HPLC of flavonoids. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 11-AGFD BP U26 EP U26 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100012 ER PT J AU Murray, AK Sassenrath-Cole, GF AF Murray, AK Sassenrath-Cole, GF TI Cell-wall biosynthesis in developing cotton fibers: Glucan containing oligomers in the "glue matrix," cotton fabric, wood, and paper. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Glycozyme Inc, Irvine, CA 92614 USA. USDA ARS, APTRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 52-CELL BP U265 EP U265 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246101268 ER PT J AU Nalley, EA Pavlath, AE AF Nalley, EA Pavlath, AE TI History of the Professional Relations Division. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Cameron Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Lawton, OK 73505 USA. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 9-PROF BP U507 EP U507 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202848 ER PT J AU Nalley, EA Pavlath, AE AF Nalley, EA Pavlath, AE TI The Henry Hill Award: A tribute to Henry Hill. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Cameron Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Lawton, OK 73505 USA. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 7-PROF BP U506 EP U506 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202846 ER PT J AU Pattee, HE Isleib, TG Giesbrecht, FG Cur, Z AF Pattee, HE Isleib, TG Giesbrecht, FG Cur, Z TI Prediction of parental genetic compatibility to enhance flavor attributes of peanuts. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 106-AGFD BP U42 EP U42 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100107 ER PT J AU Pavlath, AE AF Pavlath, AE TI From the bench to application through CRADA: Technology development in a USDA program. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 1-SCHB BP U514 EP U514 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202873 ER PT J AU Pavlath, AE AF Pavlath, AE TI Professionalism in the ACS: Origin, present and future. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 11-PROF BP U507 EP U507 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202850 ER PT J AU Pavlath, AE AF Pavlath, AE TI Portable pensions: Are they a reality or a dream. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 10-PROF BP U507 EP U507 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202849 ER PT J AU Pavlath, AE AF Pavlath, AE TI History of the chemical grassroots. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 8-PROF BP U507 EP U507 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202847 ER PT J AU Radin, JW AF Radin, JW TI Defining biotechnology: Increasingly important and increasingly difficult. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 68-AGFD BP U35 EP U36 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100069 ER PT J AU Rajasekaran, K Cary, JW Jacks, TJ Cleveland, TE AF Rajasekaran, K Cary, JW Jacks, TJ Cleveland, TE TI Genetic engineering for disease resistance in cotton. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 107-AGFD BP U42 EP U42 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100108 ER PT J AU Ralph, J AF Ralph, J TI Lignin structure as revealed by modern NMR. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 129-CELL BP U277 EP U277 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246101342 ER PT J AU Riddick, EW AF Riddick, EW TI Conservation of natural enemy populations in Bt cropping systems. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Entomol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Biol Control Mass Rearing Res Unit, Mississippi Coll, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 15-BTEC BP U520 EP U520 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202907 ER PT J AU Sachinvala, ND Winsor, DL Hamed, OA Niemczura, WP Maskos, K Bertoniere, NR AF Sachinvala, ND Winsor, DL Hamed, OA Niemczura, WP Maskos, K Bertoniere, NR TI Synthesis and NMR characterization of the repeat unit of poly-[(6-phenyl-6-deoxy-2,3-di-O-methyl)-1,2-anhydroglucose]. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Chem, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Tulane Univ, Coordinated Instrumentat FAcil, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 71-CELL BP U267 EP U268 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246101285 ER PT J AU Saha, BC AF Saha, BC TI Biotechnology of xylitol production. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 7-BTEC BP U519 EP U519 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202899 ER PT J AU Saha, BC AF Saha, BC TI Endo-xylanase find beta-xylosidase from a newly isolated corn fiber xylan utilizing Fusarium verticillinoides. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 31-AGFD BP U30 EP U30 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100032 ER PT J AU Scott, DJ Cornish, K AF Scott, DJ Cornish, K TI Activation and inhibition of rubber transferase activity in relationship to the concentrations of metal cosubstrate and diphosphate substrates. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 287-BIOT BP U215 EP U216 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246101012 ER PT J AU Sessa, DJ Kim, S AF Sessa, DJ Kim, S TI Interaction of citric acid with zein. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 8-AGFD BP U26 EP U26 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100009 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ AF Smith, DJ TI Depletion of total radioactive residues and clenbuterol residues in swine tissues after dietary administration of [C-14]clenbuterol HCl. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 96-AGRO BP U77 EP U77 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100298 ER PT J AU Southwick, LM Fouss, JL AF Southwick, LM Fouss, JL TI Influence of subsurface drains on runoff of sediment and soil-applied pesticides and on pesticide soil persistence. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 76-AGRO BP U73 EP U73 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100278 ER PT J AU Steinheimer, TR Scoggin, KD AF Steinheimer, TR Scoggin, KD TI Multispectral techniques for low-level pesticide residue determination: Application to water duality studies. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 19-AGRO BP U64 EP U64 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100222 ER PT J AU Stipanovic, RD Puckhaber, LS Krause, MT AF Stipanovic, RD Puckhaber, LS Krause, MT TI Toxicity of naphthoquinones to the plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 85-AGRO BP U75 EP U75 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100287 ER PT J AU Toles, CA Marshall, WE AF Toles, CA Marshall, WE TI Removal of copper ion from columns containing almond-shell, granular-activated carbons, or commercial carbons. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02115 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 121-IEC BP U741 EP U741 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246103968 ER PT J AU Tregre, GJ Winsor, DL Sachinvala, ND Bertoniere, NR AF Tregre, GJ Winsor, DL Sachinvala, ND Bertoniere, NR TI Reactions of carboxymethyl cotton with diamine and aminosilane cross-linking agents and characterization of final materials. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA ARS, SRRC, Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 45-CELL BP U263 EP U264 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246101261 ER PT J AU Vigo, TL Sachinvala, ND Hamed, OA AF Vigo, TL Sachinvala, ND Hamed, OA TI Facile preparations of carboxy-end-capped polyethylene oxides. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA ARS, SRRC, Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 102-POLY BP U371 EP U371 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UW UT WOS:000087246202053 ER PT J AU Wartelle, LH Toles, CA Marshall, WE AF Wartelle, LH Toles, CA Marshall, WE TI Nutshells as granular-activated carbons: Physical, chemical, and adsorptive properties. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Commod Utilizat Management Unit, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Northeastern Univ, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 122-IEC BP U741 EP U742 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246103969 ER PT J AU Wauchope, RD AF Wauchope, RD TI Agrochemical regulation and environmental impacts in the 21st century. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, UGA Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 52-AGRO BP U69 EP U70 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100254 ER PT J AU Weinstock, IA Barbuzzi, EMG Grigorlev, V Gueletii, Y Reichel, SE Heintz, R Reiner, RS Sonnen, DM Houtman, CJ Atalla, RH Hill, CL AF Weinstock, IA Barbuzzi, EMG Grigorlev, V Gueletii, Y Reichel, SE Heintz, R Reiner, RS Sonnen, DM Houtman, CJ Atalla, RH Hill, CL TI Chemistry of thermodynamically stable polyoxometallate catalysts in selective delignification and waste mineralization. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Houtman, Carl/I-4469-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 174-CELL BP U284 EP U284 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246101386 ER PT J AU Wong, DWS Batt, SB Robertson, GH AF Wong, DWS Batt, SB Robertson, GH TI Constitutive expression of highly active barley alpha-amylase 1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and characterization of its properties. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 123-BIOL BP U145 EP U145 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100677 ER PT J AU Ye, ZH Zhong, RQ Morrisson, WH Himmelsbach, DS Poole, FL AF Ye, ZH Zhong, RQ Morrisson, WH Himmelsbach, DS Poole, FL TI Essential role of caffeoyl CoA O-methyltransferase in lignin biosynthesis in plants. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Bot, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 59-CELL BP U266 EP U266 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246101275 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, WH Knuckles, BE Inglett, G AF Yokoyama, WH Knuckles, BE Inglett, G TI Processing, bioavailability, and activity of dietary fiber. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 185-AGFD BP U54 EP U54 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100184 ER PT J AU Zjawiony, JK Bowling, JJ Dayan, FE Romangni, JG Vincent, A Duke, SO Duke, MV AF Zjawiony, JK Bowling, JJ Dayan, FE Romangni, JG Vincent, A Duke, SO Duke, MV TI Synthesis and biological activity of amino- and urea-substituted thiazoles. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 26 PY 2000 VL 219 MA 10-AGRO BP U62 EP U62 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 317UV UT WOS:000087246100214 ER PT J AU Schimel, D Melillo, J Tian, HQ McGuire, AD Kicklighter, D Kittel, T Rosenbloom, N Running, S Thornton, P Ojima, D Parton, W Kelly, R Sykes, M Neilson, R Rizzo, B AF Schimel, D Melillo, J Tian, HQ McGuire, AD Kicklighter, D Kittel, T Rosenbloom, N Running, S Thornton, P Ojima, D Parton, W Kelly, R Sykes, M Neilson, R Rizzo, B TI Contribution of increasing CO2 and climate to carbon storage by ecosystems in the United States SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; VARIABILITY; DATABASE; PRECIPITATION; DIOXIDE; CYCLE; SINK AB The effects of increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) and climate on net carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems of the conterminous United States for the period 1895-1993 were modeled with new, detailed historical climate information. For the period 1980-1993, results from an ensemble of three models agree within 25%, simulating a land carbon sink from CO2 and climate effects of 0.08 gigaton of carbon per year. The best estimates of the total sink from inventory data are about three times larger, suggesting that processes such as regrowth on abandoned agricultural land or in forests harvested before 1980 have effects as large as or larger than the direct effects of CO2 and climate. The modeled sink varies by about 100% from year to year as a result of climate variability. C1 Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Alaska, US Geol Survey, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Colorado State Univ, NREL, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Lund, Ekol Huset, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Oregon State Univ, Forest Sci Lab, USDA, US Forest Serv, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Schimel, D (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Postfach 10 01 64, D-07701 Jena, Germany. RI Kittel, Timothy/F-2792-2011; Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012; Thornton, Peter/B-9145-2012; Gutierrez, Emilia/O-7568-2014; Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016 OI Kittel, Timothy/0000-0002-4153-1006; Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091; Thornton, Peter/0000-0002-4759-5158; NR 26 TC 371 Z9 454 U1 5 U2 75 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 17 PY 2000 VL 287 IS 5460 BP 2004 EP 2006 DI 10.1126/science.287.5460.2004 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 294GE UT WOS:000085902800058 PM 10720324 ER PT J AU Adams, C Raboy, V Krebs, N Westcott, J Lei, S Hambidge, M AF Adams, C Raboy, V Krebs, N Westcott, J Lei, S Hambidge, M TI The effect of low-phytic acid corn mutants on zinc absorption SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nutr Sect, Denver, CO 80262 USA. USDA ARS, Nat Sm Grain Germplasm Res Fac, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A510 EP A510 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102952 ER PT J AU Adolfsson, O Leka, LS Meydani, SN AF Adolfsson, O Leka, LS Meydani, SN TI Vitamin E enhances the function of purified T cells from old mice SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A238 EP A238 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101380 ER PT J AU Armstrong, TA Spears, JW Flowers, WL Nielsen, FH AF Armstrong, TA Spears, JW Flowers, WL Nielsen, FH TI Boron affects growth and serum metabolites, but not reproductive characteristics in swine. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A478 EP A478 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102764 ER PT J AU Baer, DJ Judd, JT Tracy, RP Iwane, M AF Baer, DJ Judd, JT Tracy, RP Iwane, M TI Modifying effects of dietary fat and fatty acids on markers of inflammation SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Pathol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Biochem, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Stat Collaborat, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A482 EP A482 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102790 ER PT J AU Beecher, GR Doherty, RF AF Beecher, GR Doherty, RF TI Liquid chromatographic method for the measurement of food folates and folic acid. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A297 EP A297 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101717 ER PT J AU Behall, KM Scholfield, DJ Hallfrisch, JG AF Behall, KM Scholfield, DJ Hallfrisch, JG TI Breath hydrogen and methane expiration to barley and oats of overweight women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, Diet & Human Performance Lab, BHNRC, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A489 EP A489 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102833 ER PT J AU Bermudez, OI Velez-Carrasco, W Schaefer, EJ Tucker, KL AF Bermudez, OI Velez-Carrasco, W Schaefer, EJ Tucker, KL TI Plasma lipids and apolipoproteins among Caribbean Hispanics in the United States: association with ethnicity and nutrient intake SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A762 EP A762 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104408 ER PT J AU Britten, PJ Mardis, AL Basiotis, PP Anand, RS AF Britten, PJ Mardis, AL Basiotis, PP Anand, RS TI Diet quality in relationship to energy and added sugar intake SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A222 EP A222 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101284 ER PT J AU Brouwer, C terRiet, PGJH DeAbreu, RA Bokkerink, JPM Trijbeis, FMF Bagley, P Selhub, J AF Brouwer, C terRiet, PGJH DeAbreu, RA Bokkerink, JPM Trijbeis, FMF Bagley, P Selhub, J TI Analysis of methotrexate (MTX) and MTX-polyglutamates using affinity/HPLC with post-column derivatization. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Nijmegen Hosp, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Bokkerink, J.P.M./L-4210-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A720 EP A720 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104170 ER PT J AU Burri, BJ Neidlinger, TR AF Burri, BJ Neidlinger, TR TI Range of serum carotenoid concentrations induced by feeding carotenoid supplements. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A234 EP A234 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101355 ER PT J AU Burrin, DG Stoll, B Petersen, Y Elnif, J Buddington, RK Schmidt, M Holst, JJ Hartmann, B Sangild, PT AF Burrin, DG Stoll, B Petersen, Y Elnif, J Buddington, RK Schmidt, M Holst, JJ Hartmann, B Sangild, PT TI Glucagon-like peptide-2 stimulates intestinal protein accretion by decreasing proteolysis in TPN-fed preterm piglets. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediatr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Hlth, Copenhagen, Denmark. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Dept Med Physiol, Copenhagen, Denmark. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A559 EP A559 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103232 ER PT J AU Bush, JA Nguyen, HV Beckett, PR Fiorotto, ML Burrin, DG Vann, RC Suryawan, A Reeds, PJ Davis, TA AF Bush, JA Nguyen, HV Beckett, PR Fiorotto, ML Burrin, DG Vann, RC Suryawan, A Reeds, PJ Davis, TA TI Tissue specificity of the protein synthetic response to insulin-like growth factor-1 in the neonate. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A767 EP A767 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104437 ER PT J AU Cao, G Sanchez-Moreno, C Prior, RL AF Cao, G Sanchez-Moreno, C Prior, RL TI Procyanidins, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity in wines. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. CSIC, Inst Frio, Dept Metab & Nutr, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RI Sanchez-Moreno, Concepcion/N-6798-2013 OI Sanchez-Moreno, Concepcion/0000-0002-2341-9328 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A564 EP A564 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103259 ER PT J AU Carroll, RM Egger, NG Alcock, NW Dayal, HH Penland, JG Sandstead, HH AF Carroll, RM Egger, NG Alcock, NW Dayal, HH Penland, JG Sandstead, HH TI Effects of Zn or Fe on lean body mass and serum insulin. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A729 EP A729 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104221 ER PT J AU Champagne, CM Stuff, J Bogle, M Casey, P Forsythe, W Davis, L Neal, E Horton, J McGee, B AF Champagne, CM Stuff, J Bogle, M Casey, P Forsythe, W Davis, L Neal, E Horton, J McGee, B TI Fruit and vegetable consumption in the delta: A pilot study. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Lower Mississippi Delta Nutr Intervent Res Consor, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A741 EP A741 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104290 ER PT J AU Chanmugam, P Guthrie, J Cecelio, S Morton, J Basiotis, P Anand, R AF Chanmugam, P Guthrie, J Cecelio, S Morton, J Basiotis, P Anand, R TI Food group sources of increased fat and energy intakes in adults. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Human Ecol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A222 EP A222 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101285 ER PT J AU Chen, XL Lee, K Hartzell, DL McGraw, RA Hausman, GJ Dean, RG Baile, CA AF Chen, XL Lee, K Hartzell, DL McGraw, RA Hausman, GJ Dean, RG Baile, CA TI Growth hormone reduces adipocyte sensitivity to adipogenic action of insulin in mice SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Anim Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Nutr & Foods, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A214 EP A214 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101242 ER PT J AU Chiang, EP Roubenoff, R Selhub, J Bagley, P AF Chiang, EP Roubenoff, R Selhub, J Bagley, P TI Vitamin B6 status in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients - Correlations between different methods of assessment and severity of disease symptoms. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A203 EP A203 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101173 ER PT J AU Choumenkovitch, SF Jacques, PF Dallal, G Selhub, J AF Choumenkovitch, SF Jacques, PF Dallal, G Selhub, J TI Estimation of relative bioavailability of synthetic folic acid compared to natural folate in the Framingham Study. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRC, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A221 EP A221 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101279 ER PT J AU Chung, JY Liu, C Russell, RM Wang, XD AF Chung, JY Liu, C Russell, RM Wang, XD TI Dietary all-trans-retinoic acid supplementation suppresses hepatic c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent signaling in chronic ethanol-fed rats. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A557 EP A557 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103222 ER PT J AU Claycombe, KJ Wu, D Beharka, A Nikolova-Karakashian, M Merrill, AH Paulson, E Meydani, SN AF Claycombe, KJ Wu, D Beharka, A Nikolova-Karakashian, M Merrill, AH Paulson, E Meydani, SN TI Age-associated increase in macrophage (M phi) COX-2 expression is mediated through ceramide. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Medford, MA 02155 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A201 EP A201 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101166 ER PT J AU Croll, DH Ausman, LM Schaefer, EJ Lichtenstein, AH AF Croll, DH Ausman, LM Schaefer, EJ Lichtenstein, AH TI Saturated and trans-containing diets elicit similar fecal sterol excretion and balance in mild hypercholesterolemics. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Regis Coll, Weston, MA 02493 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JMUSDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A481 EP A481 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102785 ER PT J AU Davis, CD Johnson, WT AF Davis, CD Johnson, WT TI Dietary copper and dimethylhydrazine (DMH) affect protein kinase C (PKC) isozyme expression in rat colon. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A169 EP A169 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918100979 ER PT J AU Davis, TA Jefferson, LS Nguyen, HV Kimball, SR AF Davis, TA Jefferson, LS Nguyen, HV Kimball, SR TI Inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway in vivo blocks the activation of translation initiation by feeding in the neonate. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Cellular Mol Physiol, Coll Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A767 EP A767 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104436 ER PT J AU Davis, TA Jefferson, LS Nguyen, HV Kimball, SR AF Davis, TA Jefferson, LS Nguyen, HV Kimball, SR TI Translation initiation factor function in skeletal muscle is enhanced by feeding in the neonate. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Cellular Mol Physiol, Coll Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A767 EP A767 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104434 ER PT J AU DeMar, JC Nannegari, V Jensen, CL Heird, WC AF DeMar, JC Nannegari, V Jensen, CL Heird, WC TI Comparison of endogenous docosahexaenoic acid synthesis in term infants and adults. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A251 EP A251 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101454 ER PT J AU Ding, ST Mersmann, HJ AF Ding, ST Mersmann, HJ TI Effect of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids on porcine adipocyte differentiation and on transcripts for adipocyte-related genes SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Univ, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A515 EP A515 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102981 ER PT J AU Donangelo, CM Woodhouse, LR Mertz, SD Viteri, FE King, JC AF Donangelo, CM Woodhouse, LR Mertz, SD Viteri, FE King, JC TI Effect of zinc supplementation on iron metabolism in young women with low iron reserves SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Bioquim, IQ, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, WHNRC, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A483 EP A483 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102798 ER PT J AU Ellis, KJ Shypailo, RJ Wong, WW Perez, M Hardin, DS Abrams, SA AF Ellis, KJ Shypailo, RJ Wong, WW Perez, M Hardin, DS Abrams, SA TI Reference bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) for children: Z-score models for assessing abnormal bone status SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Med Ctr, Texas Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A38 EP A38 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918100222 ER PT J AU Finely, J Davis, C Penland, J AF Finely, J Davis, C Penland, J TI Interactive effects of dietary fat type and manganese concentration in healthy young women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A297 EP A297 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101719 ER PT J AU Finley, J Davis, C Gregoire, B AF Finley, J Davis, C Gregoire, B TI Selenium from high-selenium broccoli does not induce glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) mRNA production as well as selenite, but is more effective in inhibiting colon carcinogenesis. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A169 EP A169 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918100976 ER PT J AU Gerrior, S Marcoe, K Gaston, N Hiza, H Basiotis, P AF Gerrior, S Marcoe, K Gaston, N Hiza, H Basiotis, P TI The interactive Healthy Eating Index: An interactive dietary intake assessment tool SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A306 EP A306 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101766 ER PT J AU Gomez, R Berria, M Levander, OA AF Gomez, R Berria, M Levander, OA TI Contrasting effects of selenium(SE) status on virally-induced myocarditis in mice. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A536 EP A536 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103104 ER PT J AU Graf, JC Moser-Veillon, PB Mukherjea, R Douglass, L Patterson, KY Veillon, C AF Graf, JC Moser-Veillon, PB Mukherjea, R Douglass, L Patterson, KY Veillon, C TI Description of the incorporation of an oral stable zinc isotope (Zn-67) into breast milk during lactation. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A205 EP A205 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101186 ER PT J AU Grusak, MA Tang, G Qin, J Dolnikowski, GG Russell, RM AF Grusak, MA Tang, G Qin, J Dolnikowski, GG Russell, RM TI Intrinsically labeled vegetables for use in carotenoid bioavailability studies in humans. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, CNRC, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A233 EP A233 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101349 ER PT J AU Guthrie, N Manthey, JA Hasegawa, S Manners, G Kurowska, EM AF Guthrie, N Manthey, JA Hasegawa, S Manners, G Kurowska, EM TI In vitro studies on anti-cancer and cholesterol-lowering activities of citrus flavonoids and limonoids. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Western Ontario, KGK Synergize Inc, London, ON N6G 4X8, Canada. USDA ARS, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A563 EP A563 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103257 ER PT J AU Hadsell, DL Alexeenko, T AF Hadsell, DL Alexeenko, T TI IGF-I inhibits apoptosis during natural, but not forced, mammary gland involution. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A734 EP A734 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104249 ER PT J AU Hamada, K Vannier, E Smith, DE Abad, LW Roubenoff, R AF Hamada, K Vannier, E Smith, DE Abad, LW Roubenoff, R TI Inflammatory cachexia induces sarcoactive cytokine gene expression in a rat model of adjuvant arthritis (AA) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A572 EP A572 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103305 ER PT J AU Harrison, EH Van Bennekum, AM Fisher, EA Blaner, WS AF Harrison, EH Van Bennekum, AM Fisher, EA Blaner, WS TI Hydrolysis of retinyl esters by pancreatic lipase SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. Med Coll Penn & Hahnemann Univ, Philadelphia, PA USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A556 EP A556 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103220 ER PT J AU Hausdorff, JM Nelson, ME Kaliton, D Layne, J Singh, MAF AF Hausdorff, JM Nelson, ME Kaliton, D Layne, J Singh, MAF TI Gait instability and muscle function in the elderly: The influence of neuropsychological status SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Aging, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A73 EP A73 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918100419 ER PT J AU Helm, RM Beilinson, V Nielsen, NC Bannon, GA Burks, AW AF Helm, RM Beilinson, V Nielsen, NC Bannon, GA Burks, AW TI Surface distribution of the gly m Bd 30kD/P34 IgE-binding epitopes SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Biochem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A248 EP A248 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101437 ER PT J AU Hickenbottom, SJ Follett, JR Lin, Y Dueker, SR Burri, BJ Neidlinger, TR Clifford, AJ AF Hickenbottom, SJ Follett, JR Lin, Y Dueker, SR Burri, BJ Neidlinger, TR Clifford, AJ TI Dynamics in the absorption and conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A in humans using a double tracer study design SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. ARS, WHNRC, PWA, USDA, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A485 EP A485 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102807 ER PT J AU Hirschi, KK AF Hirschi, KK TI Retinoids suppress vascular cell growth SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A734 EP A734 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104247 ER PT J AU Hiza, HAB Welch, CS Johnson, AA AF Hiza, HAB Welch, CS Johnson, AA TI Diet, percentage body fat, body fat distribution and serum lipids in adult females. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A481 EP A481 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102786 ER PT J AU Hiza, HAB Johnson, AA Welch, CS AF Hiza, HAB Johnson, AA Welch, CS TI Dietary and anthropometric indicators of serum lipids in adult males. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A762 EP A762 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104409 ER PT J AU Hunt, CD Keehr, KA AF Hunt, CD Keehr, KA TI Apparent beneficial effects of dietary boron on rat reproduction are modified by dietary erythritol. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A478 EP A478 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102766 ER PT J AU Hunt, JR Vanderpool, RA AF Hunt, JR Vanderpool, RA TI Copper absorption from a lactoovovegetarian diet. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A297 EP A297 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101716 ER PT J AU Jacob, R AF Jacob, R TI Vitamin C nutriture and blood pressure. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A728 EP A728 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104215 ER PT J AU Johnson, WT AF Johnson, WT TI Copper deficiency does not increase hepatic mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A773 EP A773 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104468 ER PT J AU Kelley, DS Taylor, PC Rudolph, IL Benito, P Nelson, GJ Mackey, BE AF Kelley, DS Taylor, PC Rudolph, IL Benito, P Nelson, GJ Mackey, BE TI Effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on immune response (IR) in young healthy women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. WRRC, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A728 EP A728 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104214 ER PT J AU Kim, HS Hausman, DB Compton, MM Hartzell, DL Dean, RG Martin, RJ Hansman, GJ Baile, CA AF Kim, HS Hausman, DB Compton, MM Hartzell, DL Dean, RG Martin, RJ Hansman, GJ Baile, CA TI The effect of retinoic acid and C2-ceramide on caspase-3 activity in rat S-V (stromal vascular) culture SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Anim Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Food & Nutr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A214 EP A214 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101240 ER PT J AU Klevay, LM Johnson, LK AF Klevay, LM Johnson, LK TI Acute effects of copper in drinking water on men and women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A794 EP A794 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104588 ER PT J AU Kurowska, EM Manthey, JA Hasegawa, S AF Kurowska, EM Manthey, JA Hasegawa, S TI Regulatory effects of tangeretin, a flavonoid from tangerines, and limonin, a limonoid from citrus,on apo B metabolism in HepG2 cells. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada. USDA ARS, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A298 EP A298 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101724 ER PT J AU Lang, KE Havel, PJ Stanhope, KL Bonnel, E King, JC AF Lang, KE Havel, PJ Stanhope, KL Bonnel, E King, JC TI Changes in the circulating rhythm of leptin during pregnancy and lactation. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A756 EP A756 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104371 ER PT J AU Lee, MF Liu, C Russell, RM Wang, XD AF Lee, MF Liu, C Russell, RM Wang, XD TI Chronic alcohol intake decrease tissue trans-glutaminase gene expression via functional down-regulation of retinoic acid receptors. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A246 EP A246 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101424 ER PT J AU Lifschitz, C Grusak, MA Butte, N AF Lifschitz, C Grusak, MA Butte, N TI Decreased digestion of carbohydrate from a beta-glucans-rich barley SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A212 EP A212 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101231 ER PT J AU Liu, C Wang, XD Bronson, RT Smith, DE Krinsky, NI Russell, RM AF Liu, C Wang, XD Bronson, RT Smith, DE Krinsky, NI Russell, RM TI Effects of low-dose and high-dose beta-carotene (beta-C) supplementation on RARs and AP-1 gene expression and cell proliferation in the lung of cigarette smoke exposed ferrets in vivo. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A245 EP A245 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101423 ER PT J AU Lu, MY Shang, F Novell, T Dudek, E Taylor, A AF Lu, MY Shang, F Novell, T Dudek, E Taylor, A TI Ascorbate rescues the glutathione (GSH) depletion-induced hypersensitivity of rabbit lens epithelial cells (RLEC) to hydrogen peroxide. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A492 EP A492 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102849 ER PT J AU Lukaski, HC Marchello, MJ Hall, CB Siders, WA AF Lukaski, HC Marchello, MJ Hall, CB Siders, WA TI Validity of dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to assessbody composition of rats exposed to various stressors. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58103 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A486 EP A486 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102816 ER PT J AU Mardis, AL Britten, PJ Basiotis, PP Anand, RS AF Mardis, AL Britten, PJ Basiotis, PP Anand, RS TI Relationship of added sugar intake and overall diet quality SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A222 EP A222 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101287 ER PT J AU Martin, A Bermudez, OI Youdim, K Joseph, JA Tucker, KL AF Martin, A Bermudez, OI Youdim, K Joseph, JA Tucker, KL TI Levels of vitamin E, ICAM-1 and arachidonic acid in an elderly Hispanic and non Hispanic population: Implications to the well-being of elders. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A205 EP A205 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101190 ER PT J AU Mayr, CA Wallock, LM Tsai, LJ Ingersoll, RT Pham, CH Ames, BN AF Mayr, CA Wallock, LM Tsai, LJ Ingersoll, RT Pham, CH Ames, BN TI Whole-body perfusion and/or folate status alters organ folate content and sperm counts in rats. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, WHNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A243 EP A243 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101411 ER PT J AU McCabe, B Hill, K Arthur, C Dictson, K Wiggins, P AF McCabe, B Hill, K Arthur, C Dictson, K Wiggins, P TI Tryptophan intake is accurately estimated from total protein to yield niacin equivalents beyond performed niacin from computerized software programs. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Arkansas Childrens Hosp, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Inst Res, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A758 EP A758 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104384 ER PT J AU McCrory, MA Fuss, PJ Saltzman, E Hays, NP Roberts, SB AF McCrory, MA Fuss, PJ Saltzman, E Hays, NP Roberts, SB TI Body composition measurements by air-displacement plethysmography and underwater weighing: Effects of gastrointestinal contents. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A498 EP A498 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102882 ER PT J AU McKay, DL Blumberg, JB AF McKay, DL Blumberg, JB TI Effects of multivitamin/mineral supplementation in older adults consuming a fortified diet SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A292 EP A292 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101691 ER PT J AU Mertz, SD Woodhouse, LR Pinna, K Sutherland, B King, JC AF Mertz, SD Woodhouse, LR Pinna, K Sutherland, B King, JC TI Adjustments in fractional and total zinc absorption in men fed low zinc diets. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, WHNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A226 EP A226 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101310 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AD Scholz, AM Wang, PC Song, HF AF Mitchell, AD Scholz, AM Wang, PC Song, HF TI Prediction of total body composition of pigs based on magnetic resonance image analysis SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Munich, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany. Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20007 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A496 EP A496 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102870 ER PT J AU Momcilovic, B Reeves, PG AF Momcilovic, B Reeves, PG TI The effect of idiorrhythmic zinc dose-rate feeding on the induction of intestinal metallothionein. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Inst Med Res Occupat Hlth, Zagreb, Croatia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A512 EP A512 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102965 ER PT J AU Moshfegh, A Mickle, S Borrud, L Goldman, J LaComb, R AF Moshfegh, A Mickle, S Borrud, L Goldman, J LaComb, R TI Dietary intakes of children in America. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A533 EP A533 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103087 ER PT J AU Narula, G Harland, B Karnik, H Engeljohn, D AF Narula, G Harland, B Karnik, H Engeljohn, D TI Effect of dietary fiber from nuts on liver weight & liver triglycerides. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Howard Univ, Dept Nutr Sci & Clin Lab Sci, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USDA, Bethesda, MD 20205 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A219 EP A219 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101272 ER PT J AU Nichols, BL Kamsakul, W Avery, SE Swallow, D Hahn, D Sterchi, EE AF Nichols, BL Kamsakul, W Avery, SE Swallow, D Hahn, D Sterchi, EE TI Trans-suppression of maltase-glucoamylase activity in an infant with congenital lactase and sucrase deficiencies SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. UCL, MRC, Human Biochem Genet Unit, London, England. Univ Bern, Inst Biochem Mol Biol, Bern, Switzerland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A290 EP A290 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101677 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH Yokoi, K Uthus, EO AF Nielsen, FH Yokoi, K Uthus, EO TI Dietary nickel alters the response of rats to deficient dietary pyridoxine, and to high dietary homocystine or methionine. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A539 EP A539 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103121 ER PT J AU Park, JB Levine, M AF Park, JB Levine, M TI Intracellular accumulation of ascorbic acid is inhibited by flavonoids via blocking both dehydroascorbic acid and ascorbic acid uptakes in the transformed cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, PL, BHNRC, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A491 EP A491 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102843 ER PT J AU Patterson, BH Wastney, ME Levander, QA Boston, RC AF Patterson, BH Wastney, ME Levander, QA Boston, RC TI Estimating population parameters from crossover tracer studies using selenium as an example. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Univ Penn, Kennett Square, PA 19348 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A512 EP A512 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102964 ER PT J AU Pawlosky, R Novotny, JA Hibbeln, J Wegher, B Salem, N AF Pawlosky, R Novotny, JA Hibbeln, J Wegher, B Salem, N TI A compartmental model for the metabolism of essential fatty acids in humans. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIAAA, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A251 EP A251 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101452 ER PT J AU Penland, JG Allen, LH Boy, E DeBaessa, Y Rogers, LM AF Penland, JG Allen, LH Boy, E DeBaessa, Y Rogers, LM TI Adaptive functioning, behavior problems and school performance of Guatemalan children with deficient, marginal and normal plasma vitamin B-12. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Program Intl Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. INCAP, Guatemala City, Guatemala. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A561 EP A561 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103244 ER PT J AU Penland, JG Davis, CD Finley, JW Pettit, RE AF Penland, JG Davis, CD Finley, JW Pettit, RE TI Moderately high dietary intakes of manganese do not cause neurologic signs or symptoms in healthy adult women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Red River Neurol, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A261 EP A261 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101513 ER PT J AU Petersen, Y Burrin, DG Jiang, R Elnif, J Buddington, RK Schmidt, RK Holst, JJ Hartmann, B Sangild, PT AF Petersen, Y Burrin, DG Jiang, R Elnif, J Buddington, RK Schmidt, RK Holst, JJ Hartmann, B Sangild, PT TI Glucagon-like peptide-2 stimulates intestinal mucosal growth by decreasing apoptosis in TPN-fed preterm piglets. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Hlth, Copenhagen, Denmark. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Dept Med Physiol, DK-1168 Copenhagen, Denmark. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A362 EP A362 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102092 ER PT J AU Phillippy, BQ AF Phillippy, BQ TI Inhibition of calcium transport across Caco-2 cell layers by extracellular inositol hexakisphosphate SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A226 EP A226 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101307 ER PT J AU Poulos, SP Sisk, M Azain, MJ Hausman, DB Hausman, GJ AF Poulos, SP Sisk, M Azain, MJ Hausman, DB Hausman, GJ TI Dietary conjugated linoleic acid fed during gestation and lactation alters adipocyte development in neonatal Sprague-Dawley pups SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A532 EP A532 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103084 ER PT J AU Prakash, P Wang, XD Pryor, WA Krinsky, NI Russell, RM AF Prakash, P Wang, XD Pryor, WA Krinsky, NI Russell, RM TI The interaction of beta-carotene, beta-Apo-carotenals and benzo[a]pyrene in the growth regulation of normal human bronchial epithelial cells. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Inst Biodynam, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A473 EP A473 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102739 ER PT J AU Prapong, S Goff, JP Horst, RL Reinhardt, TA AF Prapong, S Goff, JP Horst, RL Reinhardt, TA TI Expression of Ca2+-ATPases in bovine mammary tissue and milk fat membranes. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A333 EP A333 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101924 ER PT J AU Prapong, S Horst, RL Reinhardt, TA AF Prapong, S Horst, RL Reinhardt, TA TI Subcellular localization of Ca2+-ATPases in lactating mammary gland. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A332 EP A332 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101918 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Cao, G Hesslink, R Wise, J Askew, W Ensign, W Roberts, D AF Prior, RL Cao, G Hesslink, R Wise, J Askew, W Ensign, W Roberts, D TI Plasma and urine antioxidant capacity (AC) in men during physical training while consuming a dietary antioxidant supplement SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Nat Alternat Int, San Marcos, CA USA. Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Geo Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A520 EP A520 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103010 ER PT J AU Qin, J Tang, G Russell, RM AF Qin, J Tang, G Russell, RM TI Determination of retinoic acid isomers by high-performance liquid chromatography with coulometric electrochemical detection SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A245 EP A245 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101420 ER PT J AU Ralston, NVC Hunt, CD AF Ralston, NVC Hunt, CD TI Biological boron interactions: Charge and structure characteristics required for boroester formation with biomolecules. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A538 EP A538 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103118 ER PT J AU Ralston, NVC Hunt, CD AF Ralston, NVC Hunt, CD TI Boron incorporation by RAW 264.7 macrophages as indicated by differences in intracellular and extracellular boron concentrations. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A539 EP A539 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103119 ER PT J AU Ramsay, TG AF Ramsay, TG TI Leptin reduces insulin inhibition of lipolysis in porcine adipocytes in vitro. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A479 EP A479 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102774 ER PT J AU Reeves, PG Chanev, RL AF Reeves, PG Chanev, RL TI Nutrient status affects the absorption of cadmium from sunflower kernels. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A750 EP A750 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104341 ER PT J AU Reeves, PG DeMars, LC Briske-Anderson, M AF Reeves, PG DeMars, LC Briske-Anderson, M TI Physiologic concentrations of media zinc alter the relative abundance of ATP7A mRNA and protein in Caco-2 cells. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A228 EP A228 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101321 ER PT J AU Ribaya-Mercado, JD Solon, FS Solon, MA Cabal-Barza, MA Perfecto, CS Tang, G Solon, JA Field, CR Russell, RM AF Ribaya-Mercado, JD Solon, FS Solon, MA Cabal-Barza, MA Perfecto, CS Tang, G Solon, JA Field, CR Russell, RM TI Bioconversion of plant carotenoids to vitamin A in Filipino school-age children varies inversely with vitamin A status. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Nutr Ctr Philippines, Manila, Philippines. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A486 EP A486 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102815 ER PT J AU Riskin, A Nannegari, VH Haney, PM AF Riskin, A Nannegari, VH Haney, PM TI Prolactin induced GLUT1 targeting to medial-Golgi in human mammary epithelial cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A101 EP A101 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918100579 ER PT J AU Rosebrough, RW AF Rosebrough, RW TI Carry over effects df dietary crude protein and methimazole in broiler chickens. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, LPSI, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A236 EP A236 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101367 ER PT J AU Roughead, ZK Zito, CA Hunt, JR AF Roughead, ZK Zito, CA Hunt, JR TI Human absorption of nonheme iron is primarily determined by initial mucosal uptake, not mucosal transfer. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A297 EP A297 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101715 ER PT J AU Rumsey, TS Fritsche, S Elsasser, TH Solomon, MB Mitchell, AD Kahl, S AF Rumsey, TS Fritsche, S Elsasser, TH Solomon, MB Mitchell, AD Kahl, S TI Growth and carcass responses to different anabolic hormonal ear implants in beef steers. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, Growth Biol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Meat Sci Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A478 EP A478 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102765 ER PT J AU Saari, JT AF Saari, JT TI Dietary copper deficiency reduces the elevation of blood pressure caused by nitric oxide synthase inhibition. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A773 EP A773 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104469 ER PT J AU Sacheck, JM Walter, MF Blumberg, JB Roubenoff, R AF Sacheck, JM Walter, MF Blumberg, JB Roubenoff, R TI The effect of an acute bout of downhill running on muscle damage and plasma F-2-isoprostanes in young and elderly men SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A484 EP A484 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102800 ER PT J AU Seale, JL Staples, RC AF Seale, JL Staples, RC TI Effect of moderate levels of physical activity on 24-hour energy expenditure SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, BHNRC, DHPL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A299 EP A299 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101730 ER PT J AU Shao, A Wood, RJ Fleet, JC AF Shao, A Wood, RJ Fleet, JC TI Increased VDR level and inhibition of calcitriol catabolism enhance vitamin-D mediated calcium transport and gene expression. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. UNC Greensboro, Grad Program Nutr, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A562 EP A562 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103249 ER PT J AU Smith, AD South, PK Levander, OA AF Smith, AD South, PK Levander, OA TI An avirulent strain of coxsackievirus B3 causes mortality in feed-restricted mice SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A247 EP A247 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101434 ER PT J AU Solomon, MB Eastridge, JS Evock-Clover, CM Steele, NC AF Solomon, MB Eastridge, JS Evock-Clover, CM Steele, NC TI Effects of an endotoxin challenge and somatotropin administration on muscle fiber morphology in pigs SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, LPSI, Meat Sci Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, LPSI, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A479 EP A479 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102770 ER PT J AU Song, YJ Paik, HY King, JC AF Song, YJ Paik, HY King, JC TI Factors related to chances in bone density in young Korean women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul, South Korea. USDA, WHNRC, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A263 EP A263 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101523 ER PT J AU South, PK Smith, AD Guidry, CA Levander, OA AF South, PK Smith, AD Guidry, CA Levander, OA TI Effect of physical restraint on oxidative stress in mice fed a selenium and vitamin E deficient diet. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A537 EP A537 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103107 ER PT J AU Spiller, G Bruce, B Klevay, L Gallagher, S AF Spiller, G Bruce, B Klevay, L Gallagher, S TI Effects of red wine consumption on plasma antioxidant defenses in generally healthy moderate wine-drinking men. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Hlth Res & Studies Ctr, Los Altos, CA 94022 USA. USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A520 EP A520 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103012 ER PT J AU Stephensen, CB Ceddia, MA Weaver, CT Bucy, RP AF Stephensen, CB Ceddia, MA Weaver, CT Bucy, RP TI Retinoic acid (RA) treatment of T-helper (Th) cell cultures modulates Th1/Th2 phenotype development. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A557 EP A557 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103224 ER PT J AU Stoll, B Chang, X Jiang, R Van Goudoever, JB Reeds, PJ Burrin, DG AF Stoll, B Chang, X Jiang, R Van Goudoever, JB Reeds, PJ Burrin, DG TI Enteral carbohydrate and lipid inhibit small intestinal proteolysis in neonatal pigs. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A558 EP A558 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103230 ER PT J AU Stuff, J Champagne, CM McGee, B Forsythe, W Zaghloul, S Mitra, A Bogle, ML AF Stuff, J Champagne, CM McGee, B Forsythe, W Zaghloul, S Mitra, A Bogle, ML CA Lower Mississippi Delta Nutr Inter TI Self-reported dietary intakes, behaviors, and beliefs related to hypertension in a sample of adults in the Lower Mississippi Delta. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Child Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A761 EP A761 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104401 ER PT J AU Stuff, JE Butte, NF Ellis, KJ Smith, EO Wong, WW AF Stuff, JE Butte, NF Ellis, KJ Smith, EO Wong, WW TI Estimating body fat in African-American and Caucasian girls: A comparison of skinfold equations to a 4-compartment criterion model. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Texas Childrens Hosp, USDA, ARS,Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Dept Pediatr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A498 EP A498 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102885 ER PT J AU Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV Liu, CW Bush, JA Davis, TA AF Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV Liu, CW Bush, JA Davis, TA TI Early steps of the insulin signaling pathway likely contribute to the postprandial stimulation of neonatal muscle protein synthesis. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A479 EP A479 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102769 ER PT J AU Sutherland, B Woodhouse, LR Barnes, R Strong, P King, JC AF Sutherland, B Woodhouse, LR Barnes, R Strong, P King, JC TI A comparison of analyzed and calculated mineral values of menus based on the food guide pyramid. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Borax, Valencia, CA 91355 USA. USDA ARS, WHNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A223 EP A223 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101294 ER PT J AU Swain, JH Tabatabai, LB Reddy, MB AF Swain, JH Tabatabai, LB Reddy, MB TI Isolation and characterization of beef proteins that enhance nonheme iron bioavailability. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A753 EP A753 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104358 ER PT J AU Tang, G Qin, J Dolnikowski, GG Russell, RM AF Tang, G Qin, J Dolnikowski, GG Russell, RM TI Conversion of deuterated beta-carotene to vitamin A in humans. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, HNRC, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A234 EP A234 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101356 ER PT J AU Tchoukalova, YD Hausman, GJ AF Tchoukalova, YD Hausman, GJ TI Inhibition of preadipocyte differentiation in primary cultures by priming with troglitazone requires magnesium. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A213 EP A213 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101236 ER PT J AU Tucker, KL Borwankar, R Bermudez, OI AF Tucker, KL Borwankar, R Bermudez, OI TI Low vitamin B12 status is prevalent among Puerto Rican and Dominican elders. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRC, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A292 EP A292 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101688 ER PT J AU Urso, ML Fiatarone-Singh, MA Foldvari, M Cosmas, AC Morgham, A Manfredi, TG AF Urso, ML Fiatarone-Singh, MA Foldvari, M Cosmas, AC Morgham, A Manfredi, TG TI Skeletal muscle damage is an essential feature of tissue remodeling in estrogen deprived post-menopausal females SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A468 EP A468 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102709 ER PT J AU Uthus, EO Finley, JW Davis, CD AF Uthus, EO Finley, JW Davis, CD TI Selenium deprivation decreases total plasma homocysteine in rats fed a torula yeast-based diet. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A536 EP A536 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103106 ER PT J AU van Goudoever, JB Stoll, B Burrin, DG Reeds, PJ AF van Goudoever, JB Stoll, B Burrin, DG Reeds, PJ TI The gut is a major site of lysine oxidation. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A558 EP A558 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103229 ER PT J AU Walker, R Wolf, W Harland, B AF Walker, R Wolf, W Harland, B TI The determination of selenomethionine by stable isotope dilution using ethyl chloroformate. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A512 EP A512 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102963 ER PT J AU Wallock, LM Ames, BN Aiello, GM Jacob, RA AF Wallock, LM Ames, BN Aiello, GM Jacob, RA TI Smoking increases plasma protein carbonyl concentrations in men with similar diets. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A517 EP A517 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102995 ER PT J AU Walsmith, J Abad, L Snydman, L Lundgren, N Roubenoff, R AF Walsmith, J Abad, L Snydman, L Lundgren, N Roubenoff, R TI Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) exhibit different metabolic effects in rheumatoid arthritis [RA]. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A525 EP A525 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918103042 ER PT J AU Warden, B Smith, L Beecher, G Clevidence, B Balentine, D AF Warden, B Smith, L Beecher, G Clevidence, B Balentine, D TI A balance study of the prominent catechins in black tea. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Lipton, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07675 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A298 EP A298 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101720 ER PT J AU Wastney, ME House, WA AF Wastney, ME House, WA TI Glucose tolerance in metallothionein-knockout mice. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A512 EP A512 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102962 ER PT J AU Wold, LE Saari, JT Ren, J AF Wold, LE Saari, JT Ren, J TI Isolated ventricular myocytes from copper-deficient rat hearts exhibit enhanced cardiac contractile function. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ N Dakota, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A157 EP A157 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918100907 ER PT J AU Wong, WW Heird, WC Smith, EO AF Wong, WW Heird, WC Smith, EO TI Potential health benefits of soy in postmenopausal women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A728 EP A728 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104217 ER PT J AU Woodhouse, LR Sutherland, B Bonnel, E Ames, BN Walter, PB King, JC AF Woodhouse, LR Sutherland, B Bonnel, E Ames, BN Walter, PB King, JC TI Marginal zinc intake - Effects on erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) and measures of cellular membrane biochemistry and oxidative parameters. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutr Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, WHNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Walter, Patrick/A-4117-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A205 EP A205 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101185 ER PT J AU Wu, D Meydani, M Han, SN Leka, LS Meydani, SN AF Wu, D Meydani, M Han, SN Leka, LS Meydani, SN TI Effect of dietary supplementation with fish oh in combination with different levels of vitamin E on immune response in healthy elderly human subjects SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A238 EP A238 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101377 ER PT J AU Yeum, KJ Aldini, G Krinsky, NI Russell, RM AF Yeum, KJ Aldini, G Krinsky, NI Russell, RM TI Random cleavage of beta-carotene is inhibited by alpha-tocopherol but stimulated by ascorbic acid. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Milan, Inst Chim Farmaceut Tossicol, Milan, Italy. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A233 EP A233 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101350 ER PT J AU Yokoi, K Uthus, EO Nielsen, FH AF Yokoi, K Uthus, EO Nielsen, FH TI Dietary homocystine induces renal damage in rats. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A796 EP A796 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104600 ER PT J AU Yokoi, K Hall, CB Lukaski, HC Uthus, EO Nielsen, FH AF Yokoi, K Hall, CB Lukaski, HC Uthus, EO Nielsen, FH TI Estimation of body water by bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) in rats fed methionine or homocystine. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A497 EP A497 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918102877 ER PT J AU Zaghloul, S Stuff, J Lensing, S AF Zaghloul, S Stuff, J Lensing, S TI Ability of a nutrition knowledge, attitude and behavior instrument to discriminate among adults in the lower Mississippi delta. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Little Rock, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A760 EP A760 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104396 ER PT J AU Zambell, KL Keim, NL Horn, WF AF Zambell, KL Keim, NL Horn, WF TI Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on fatty acid metabolism in wealthy women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Exercise Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Horn, William/B-8332-2009 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A252 EP A252 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101460 ER PT J AU Zapata, CLV Donangelo, CM Abrams, S Franco, MJ King, JC AF Zapata, CLV Donangelo, CM Abrams, S Franco, MJ King, JC TI A longitudinal study of intestinal calcium absorption during pregnancy and lactation in women with low calcium intakes SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UFRJ, Dept Bioquim, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX USA. UFRJ, Mat Escola, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. USDA ARS, WHNRC, Davis, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A725 EP A725 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918104196 ER PT J AU Zaslavsky, B Milne, D Nielsen, FH Uthus, EO AF Zaslavsky, B Milne, D Nielsen, FH Uthus, EO TI Statistical assessment of copper status in postmenopausal women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP A221 EP A221 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 294NV UT WOS:000085918101283 ER PT J AU Fisher, DS Steiner, JL Endale, DM Stuedemann, JA Schomberg, HH Franzluebbers, AJ Wilkinson, SR AF Fisher, DS Steiner, JL Endale, DM Stuedemann, JA Schomberg, HH Franzluebbers, AJ Wilkinson, SR TI The relationship of land use practices to surface water quality in the Upper Oconee Watershed of Georgia SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Geospatial Information in Agriculture and Forestry CY JUN 01-03, 1998 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FLORIDA SP ERIM International DE grazing lands; dairy; poultry; urban; manure; coliform bacteria AB On a watershed scale, geospatial information can be used to-identify water resources that are least buffered from contamination. Implementing conservation practices at these locations may accelerate the process of increasing a watershed's ability to support its designated uses. The Upper Oconee Watershed of Georgia contains land areas devoted to poultry, dairy, and beef production. Within these historically agricultural lands, urbanization is proceeding rapidly around existing cities. Agricultural production practices are concentrated in the watershed with poultry in the headwaters area and dairy near a major lake (Lake Oconee). The objective of this research was to relate data sets representing surface water quality at selected sites throughout the watershed to the predominant land use in that portion of the watershed. The location of 550 poultry operations in the headwaters of the Upper Oconee Watershed, away from the city of Athens GA, has minimized conflicts between agricultural and urban interests. Phosphorus, nitrogen, and fecal coliform bacteria were high near the poultry production area, but were reduced within the watershed prior to reaching the intake for the municipal water supply. Athens had a large impact on surface water quality and approximately doubled the amount of phosphorus and nitrogen in the Oconee River. The Oconee River contributed approximately 70% of the water flowing to Lake Oconee. The residents of Lake Oconee have noted the 30 dairies located west of the lake impacting two relatively minor creeks flowing to the lake. These two creeks make up approximately 2.5% of the flow to the lake, but the proximity of the dairies:to the lake makes losses of phosphorus, nitrogen, and fecal bacteria apparent in water samples. Fecal coliform numbers were elevated in some creeks with little agricultural or urban development. To test alternative microbial assays, surface water from a grazed watershed was compared to water from a wooded watershed. Assays for enterococci and E. coli may provide a better test: for fecal contamination and allow differentiation between natural areas and areas impacted by grazing animals. Analysis of the Upper Oconee Watershed identified agricultural impacts and areas that should be priorities for natural resource management to reduce agricultural nonpoint sourer pollution. Focusing conservation efforts at these locations may prevent agricultural-urban conflict. However, the data also indicate that municipal sources of nutrients and fecal bacteria must be reduced to make significant progress in the watershed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Fisher, DS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 4 TC 85 Z9 102 U1 3 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 128 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00270-4 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 286EK UT WOS:000085430500005 ER PT J AU Lonard, RI Judd, FW Everitt, JH Escobar, DE Davis, MR Crawford, MM Desai, MD AF Lonard, RI Judd, FW Everitt, JH Escobar, DE Davis, MR Crawford, MM Desai, MD TI Evaluation of color-infrared photography for distinguishing annual changes in riparian forest vegetation of the lower Rio Grande in Texas SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Geospatial Information in Agriculture and Forestry CY JUN 01-03, 1998 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FLORIDA SP ERIM International DE Rio Grande valley; riparian vegetation; remote sensing AB The Rio Grande is significant for its role in the history of the USA and Mexico and is the second longest river system in the United States, The riparian vegetation of the Rio Grande in Texas is poorly known. We employed aerial color-infrared (CLR) photography to investigate patterns of distribution, species composition, and annual changes in riparian vegetation at two sites in the lower Rio Grande Valley. The line-intercept technique of vegetation analysis was used to provide ground truth and to assist in the correlation of imagery and vegetation discrimination, distribution, and abundance. Celtis laevigata (sugar hackberry) was the dominant tree species at Bentsen-Rio Grande Valley State Park (BRG) near Mission, Texas, and Prosopis glandulosa (mesquite) and Parkinsonia aculeata (retama) were the dominant species at Salineno (SAL) near the outflow of the Rio Grande from Falcon Dam, Celtis pallida (granjeno) was the dominant shrub species at both sites, and the introduced grasses, Panicum maximum (Guineagrass) and Cenchrus ciliaris (buffelgrass) were the dominants in the ground layer at BRG and SAL, respectively. Aerial CIR photography appears to be useful in discriminating certain tree species. However, due to tonal similarities, it is difficult to identify each of the species in the canopy. An important value of the technique is the monitoring of senescence and death of trees in the riparian zone between successive years. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Biol, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. ARS, USDA, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Univ Texas, Space Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78759 USA. Univ Texas, Div Elect Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Lonard, RI (reprint author), Univ Texas Pan Amer, Dept Biol, Edinburg, TX 78539 USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 128 IS 1-2 BP 75 EP 81 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00274-1 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 286EK UT WOS:000085430500009 ER PT J AU Sommerfeld, RA Lundquist, JE Smith, J AF Sommerfeld, RA Lundquist, JE Smith, J TI Characterizing the canopy gap structure of a disturbed forest using the Fourier transform SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Geospatial Information in Agriculture and Forestry CY JUN 01-03, 1998 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FLORIDA SP ERIM International DE spatial statistics; forest gaps; Fourier analysis ID MOUNTAIN HEMLOCK AB Diseases and other small-scale disturbances alter spatial patterns of heterogeneity in forests by killing trees. Canopy gaps caused by tree death are a common feature of forests. Because gaps are caused by different disturbances acting at different times and places, operationally determining the locations of gap edges is often difficult. In this study, digital image analysis using aerial photos was used to formulate an operational definition of gaps and to compare spatial attributes of canopy gap structure in previously unharvested and harvested stands of ponderosa pine forests in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Fourier transforms of monochrome images of the study areas were edited to sequentially remove higher frequency spatial data implementing a type of moving window analysis where window sizes varied over a range of 1-1300 m(2). Boolean thresholds were chosen such that the mean gap size approximated the window size for each original image. Plots of mean gap size, mean fractal dimension, double log fractal dimension, and gap size density all versus window size showed distinct differences between treated and untreated plots. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Lundquist, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest Res Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 128 IS 1-2 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00277-7 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 286EK UT WOS:000085430500012 ER PT J AU Hoffman, DR DeMar, JC AF Hoffman, DR DeMar, JC TI Assessment of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) biosynthesis in patients with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP). SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Retina Fdn SW, Dallas, TX USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 1045B418 BP S199 EP S199 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246701042 ER PT J AU Obin, MS Gong, X Bohm, A Taylor, A AF Obin, MS Gong, X Bohm, A Taylor, A TI A T gamma degron targets transducin to the Ubiquitin(Ub)-proteasome pathway (UPP). SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston Biomed Res Inst, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 3221B319 BP S607 EP S607 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246703291 ER PT J AU Shang, F Lu, M Nowell, TR Dudeck, E Taylor, A AF Shang, F Lu, M Nowell, TR Dudeck, E Taylor, A TI Vitamin E rescues the glutathione (GSH)depletion-induced hypersensitivity of rabbit lens epithelial cells (RLEC) to hydrogen peroxide. SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 1097B472 BP S209 EP S209 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246701096 ER PT J AU Strissel, KJ Stramer, BM Obin, M Fini, ME Taylor, A AF Strissel, KJ Stramer, BM Obin, M Fini, ME Taylor, A TI Evidence for regulation of repair phenotype transition in corneal stromal cells by the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP). SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, New England Eye Ctr, Vis Res Labs, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Program Cell Mol & Dev Biol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 3705B803 BP S696 EP S696 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246703774 ER PT J AU Taylor, A Jacques, P Chylack, LT Hankinson, SE Khu, PM Padhya, N Rogers, G Friend, J Tung, W Wolfe, JK Willett, WC AF Taylor, A Jacques, P Chylack, LT Hankinson, SE Khu, PM Padhya, N Rogers, G Friend, J Tung, W Wolfe, JK Willett, WC TI Vitamin intake and prevalence of early age-related lens opacities using LOCS III SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Ophthalm Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Channing Labs, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 41 IS 4 SU S MA 3128B226 BP S589 EP S589 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 300HF UT WOS:000086246703198 ER PT J AU Gehrke, BC Weigler, BJ Slattum, MM AF Gehrke, BC Weigler, BJ Slattum, MM TI Professional income of laboratory animal veterinarians predicted by multiple regression analysis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 Univ Washington, Dept Comparat Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Temple Univ Hosp, Sch Med, Div Bioresources, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. AVMA, Ctr Informat Management, Schaumburg, IL 60173 USA. RP Gehrke, BC (reprint author), USDA, Rural Business Cooperat Serv, 1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 216 IS 6 BP 852 EP 858 DI 10.2460/javma.2000.216.852 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 293XA UT WOS:000085879500023 PM 22570896 ER PT J AU Chenoweth, PJ Chase, CC Risco, CA Larsen, RE AF Chenoweth, PJ Chase, CC Risco, CA Larsen, RE TI Characterization of gossypol-induced sperm abnormalities in bulls SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sperm morphology; gossypol; spermatoxicity; bull fertility ID BRAHMAN BULLS; COTTONSEED MEAL; SEMEN QUALITY; SPERMATOZOA; SPERMATOGENESIS; PERFORMANCE; MORPHOLOGY; DEFECTS; GROWTH; TRACT AB To characterize sperm abnormalities induced by gossypol in cattle, young Brahman bulls (n=8) received either cottonseed meal delivering 8.2 g free gossypol/bull/d (treatment, n=4) or isonitrogenous soybean meal (control, n=4) for 11 wk. At slaughter, semen was collected from the following extragonadal sites: mediastinum/rete testis (Site 1), caput (Site 2), corpus (Site 3) and cauda epididymis (Site 4), and ductus deferens (Site 5). At least 200 fixed spermatozoa per site were examined via differential-interference-phase contrast (DIC) microscopy, with electron microscopy (EM) being employed with select samples. Sperm midpiece abnormalities were categorized as aplastic, fragile or asymmetric, with detached sperm heads being tabulated separately. Of these, aplastic defects were considered most likely to occur during spermatogenesis. Bull sperm midpiece lesions induced by gossypol were ultrastructurally similar to those observed in other, nonruminant, species. Combined midpiece abnormalities generally increased with extragonadal passage (EGP) in the treated bulls, as did fragile and asymmetric but not aplastic midpieces, or detached sperm heads. This pattern of EGP changes in bull sperm morphology following gossypol spermatoxicity suggests that structural weakness induced during spermatogenesis leads to secondary spermatozoal changes during EGP, possibly due to the imposition of motility stressors upon prior weakened structures. (C) 2000 by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Studies, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Lab, Brooksville, FL 34605 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Chenoweth, PJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Studies, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 27 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1193 EP 1203 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(00)00264-8 PG 11 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 308PP UT WOS:000086722300016 PM 10798496 ER PT J AU Smits, E Burvenich, C Guidry, AJ Massart-Leen, A AF Smits, E Burvenich, C Guidry, AJ Massart-Leen, A TI Adhesion receptor CD11b/CD18 contributes to neutrophil diapedesis across the bovine blood-milk barrier SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neutrophil; diapedesis; adhesion receptor; blood-milk barrier; cattle ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSENDOTHELIAL MIGRATION; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; LEUKOCYTE; MOLECULE-1; ADHERENCE; INVITRO; BINDING; MAC-1; TRANSMIGRATION AB Neutrophil phagocytosis is the most important defense mechanism against bacterial invasion of the mammary gland. However, because of the low neutrophil count in lacteal secretion, neutrophil recruitment from blood is essential to the defense of the mammary gland against bacteria. Neutrophils migrate from blood across endothelium into the extracellular matrix and then across mammary epithelium into the infected lumen. Mechanisms for chemoattractant-stimulated neutrophil transmigration were investigated using monolayers of primacy mammary endothelium, collagen matrices, and monolayers of primary mammary epithelium. Complement factor C5a induced a time-dependent neutrophil migration across all three barriers. The relative magnitude of neutrophil diapedesis through thr three barriers was: collagen>endothelium>epithelium. Neutrophil migration across mammary arterial endothelial cells was almost completely dependent on CD18, the beta-chain of the beta(2) integrins, and to a lesser extent on CD11b, one of the alpha-chains of the beta(2) integrins. Neutrophil migration across collagen was partially blocked by monoclonal antibodies to CD18. No inhibition was observed by monoclonal antibodies to CD11b. Conversely, neutrophil diapedesis across mammary epithelial cells was dependent to a greater extent on CD11b. These results provide evidence for different CD11b/CD18-dependent mechanisms for neutrophil diapedesis across the various cell layers of the blood-milk barrier. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Physiol Biochem & Biostat, Merelbeke, Belgium. DEVGEN NV, Zwijnaarde, Belgium. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, LPSI, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Burvenich, C (reprint author), Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Physiol Biochem & Biostat, Merelbeke, Belgium. NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 73 IS 3-4 BP 255 EP 265 DI 10.1016/S0165-2427(00)00157-4 PG 11 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 297LM UT WOS:000086084400005 PM 10713339 ER PT J AU Navarro, P Christenson, RK Ekhardt, G Bosworth, B Lunney, JK Rothschild, M Lemke, J Butler, JE AF Navarro, P Christenson, RK Ekhardt, G Bosworth, B Lunney, JK Rothschild, M Lemke, J Butler, JE TI Genetic differences in the frequency of the hinge variants of porcine IgA is breed dependent SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allotype; hinge; mucosal immunity; swine; breed ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN AB The distribution of the IgA(a) and IgA(b) alleles of porcine IgA in over 160 randomly-selected animals revealed an abundance of heterozygotes but only two b/b homozygotes. Since the IgA(b) allotype is a splice site mutant lacking two-thirds of the hinge, this study tests the hypothesis that pigs with this genotype may be at a selective disadvantage while heterozygous individuals may be at some advantage. This hypothesis was tested by collecting data on 374 animals of known breed and often parentage. We show here that when breed was not considered, young animals of known parentage had genotypic frequencies identical to that expected for Mendelian alleles but that a/b heterozygotes were overrepresented in adults. However, when analyzed with regard to breed, a very strong association between breed and the frequency of the IgA(a) and IgA(b) alleles was discovered. Meishan and NIH minipigs were homozygous for IgA while heterozygotes predominated in Berkshire, Chester White, Durocs, Hampshire and Landrace. Animals homozygous for IgA(b) were best represented in the White Cross line. We show here that this very strong breed dependency of IgA allotypy in swine can produce a sample bias that can explain why only two b/b homozygotes (1.3%) were found in the 160 randomly-selected samples since the original samples came from primarily Landrace and Yorkshire animals. The expected frequency of b/b homozygotes in these breeds would be <3%. Thus, the data presented here reject the hypothesis that swine homozygous for a trait that results in loss of two-thirds of the IgA hinge, are selected against and that heterozygotes are positively selected. Rather, the study shows that IgA(a) and IgA(b) appear to be simple, breed-dependent allotypic markers. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Pig Improvement Corp, Franklin, KY 42135 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Prevent Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Butler, JE (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Microbiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 73 IS 3-4 BP 287 EP 295 DI 10.1016/S0165-2427(00)00150-1 PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 297LM UT WOS:000086084400007 PM 10713341 ER PT J AU Yun, CH Lillehoj, HS Choi, KD AF Yun, CH Lillehoj, HS Choi, KD TI Chicken IFN-gamma monoclonal antibodies and their application in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chicken; interferon; monoclonal antibody; ELISA; bioassay; Eimeria ID INTERFERON-GAMMA; IMMUNE INTERFERON; T-CELLS; EXPRESSION; CLONING; LYMPHOCYTES; GENE; INHIBITION; MONOCYTES; SEQUENCE AB Twelve mabs against native or recombinant chicken IFN-gamma were produced and characterized by virus neutralization, ELISA, and Western blot assays. No data were obtained to suggest that the form of the immunogen (native versus recombinant) influenced the antigenic specificity of the mabs produced. While only two antibodies inhibited the in vitro virus neutralizing activity of IFN-gamma, other evidence indicated that the specificity of these mabs was indeed directed against IFN-gamma. By Western blot analysis, all antibodies identified a 17-kDa IFN-gamma polypeptide. Using a direct binding ELISA incorporating these mabs, a high correlation with IFN-gamma detected by in vitro virus neutralization was observed. The IFN-gamma ELISA was also capable of measuring cytokine levels in the sera of chickens orally infected with Eimeria maxima. At 8 and 10 days post-primary infection, significantly higher (p<0.001) levels of serum IFN-gamma were detected in E. maxima infected chickens compared to uninfected controls. These results indicate that a mab-based direct binding ELISA is suitable to measure chicken IFN-gamma in a variety of formats. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI YUN, Cheol-Heui/0000-0002-0041-2887 NR 35 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 73 IS 3-4 BP 297 EP 308 DI 10.1016/S0165-2427(00)00146-X PG 12 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 297LM UT WOS:000086084400008 PM 10713342 ER PT J AU Choi, KD Lillehoj, HS AF Choi, KD Lillehoj, HS TI Role of chicken IL-2 on gamma delta T-cells and Eimeria acervulina-induced changes in intestinal IL-2 mRNA expression and gamma delta T-cells SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IL-2; T-cells; intestinal immunity; natural killer cells; coccidia; chickens ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; NATURAL-KILLER CELLS; INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR; INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES; FUNCTIONAL COMPONENT; BETA-CHAIN; NK CELLS; INFECTION; PROLIFERATION; CYTOTOXICITY AB Continuous culture of concanavalin A (Con A)-activated spleen cells in the presence of chicken recombinant IL-2 (rIL-2) promoted preferential growth of gamma delta T-cells. These cells displayed a high level of spontaneous cytotoxicity against LSCC-RP9 tumor cells, an avian NK cell target. Stimulation of IL-2-dependent gamma delta T-cells with Con A induced IFN-gamma and IL-2 mRNA transcripts, whereas stimulation with rIL-2 induced only IFN-gamma mRNA. Subcutaneous injection of 3-week-old chickens with IL-2 DNA increased splenic cells, expressing the CD8 and gamma delta TCR antigens. To investigate the role of IL-2 and gamma delta T-cells in parasitic infection, chickens were orally infected with Eimeria acervulina and the expression of IL-2 mRNA transcripts in the spleen and duodenum and the percentage of gamma delta T-cells in the duodenum were examined. Following both, the primary and secondary infections, a significant enhancement of IL-2 mRNA transcripts in the spleen and intestine and increased percentage of intraepithelial gamma delta T-cells in the duodenum were observed. These results indicate that host immune responses to E. acervulina involve an up-regulation of IL-2 secretion and an increased duodenum gamma delta T-cells. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hlilleho@lpsi.barc.usda.gov NR 38 TC 60 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAR 15 PY 2000 VL 73 IS 3-4 BP 309 EP 321 DI 10.1016/S0165-2427(00)00148-3 PG 13 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 297LM UT WOS:000086084400009 PM 10713343 ER PT J AU Berhow, MA Wagner, ED Vaughn, SF Plewa, MJ AF Berhow, MA Wagner, ED Vaughn, SF Plewa, MJ TI Characterization and antimutagenic activity of soybean saponins SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE soybean; sapogenol; saponin; chemical fractionation; chemoprotectant; phytochemical; comet assay; single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE); Chinese hamster ovary cells ID CELL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; COMET ASSAY RESPONSES; SOY PROTEIN; STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; SOYASAPONIN-I; CANCER; PREVENTION; PHYTOESTROGENS; RATS AB An extract was prepared from a commercial soybean-processing by-product (soybean molasses) and was fractionated into purified chemical components. In previous work, this extract (phytochemical concentrate, PCC) repressed induced genomic DNA damage, whole cell clastogenicity and point mutation in cultured mammalian cells. In the current study, a chemical fraction was isolated from PCC using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This fraction, PCC100, repressed 2-acetoxyacetylaminofluorene (2AAAF)-induced DNA damage in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as measured by single cell gel electrophoresis (alkaline Comet assay). Using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy and (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, PCC100 was shown to consist of a mixture of group B soyasaponins and 2,3-dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP) soyasaponins. These include soyasaponins I, II, III, IV, V, Be, beta g, beta a, gamma g and gamma a. Purified soyasapogenol B aglycone prepared from fraction PCC100 demonstrated significant antigenotoxic activity against 2AAAF. To our knowledge, these data demonstrate for the first time the antimutagenic activity of soybean saponins in mammalian cells. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Plewa, MJ (reprint author), 364 Environm & Agr Sci Bldg MC-635,1101 W Peabody, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM m-plewa@uiuc.edu NR 58 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD MAR 14 PY 2000 VL 448 IS 1 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1016/S0027-5107(99)00225-0 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 293LQ UT WOS:000085853600002 PM 10751618 ER PT J AU Obin, M Pike, A Halbleib, M Lipman, R Taylor, A Bronson, R AF Obin, M Pike, A Halbleib, M Lipman, R Taylor, A Bronson, R TI Calorie restriction modulates age-dependent changes in the retinas of Brown Norway rats SO MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE calorie restriction; aging; retina; neuron; Brown Norway rat ID NERVE-FIBER POPULATION; DIETARY RESTRICTION; FOOD RESTRICTION; DELAYS CATARACT; OPTIC-NERVE; EMORY MICE; CELL LOSS; MOUSE; LENS; ACCUMULATION AB The present study examined the effect of a 40% reduction in caloric intake (CR) versus ad libitum (AL) feeding on retinal aging. CR- and AL-fed Brown Norway (BN) rats were obtained at 12, 24 and 30 months of age from the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR). Age-dependent declines in outer nuclear layer (ONL = photoreceptor) cell densities, ONL height, inner nuclear layer (INL) cell densities, and thicknesses of the inner retina and whole retina were quantified in thick sections at six loci across the circumference of the sensory retina (four peripheral. two central). Data were analyzed by repeated measures, general linear models. Aging in both diet groups was associated with declines in ONL cell density, ONL height, peripheral INL cell density and total retinal thickness (P less than or equal to 0.05). However, ONL cell densities, ONL height and retinal thickness were significantly greater in the CR versus AL diet group at all three ages (P less than or equal to 0.005). CR was also associated with a trend for greater peripheral INL cell density (P = 0.06) and with greater INL thickness at 30 months (Bonferroni P = 0.03). Elevated ONL cell densities in the CR-12 cohort relative to the AL-12 cohort could be explained by diet-associated differences in retinal length, i.e. delayed retinal growth in response to CR. Enhanced ONL cell density, ONL height, INL cell density, INL thickness and total retinal thickness in the CR-30 cohort appear to be as a result of reduced rates of retinal cell loss bi tween 24 and 30 months. However, the protective effect of CR in retinas of older animals may also reflect the initial growth-associated enhancements which were observed in 12 month-old animals. The rat retina may provide a useful model for elucidating the neuroprotective mechanism(s) of CR. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Jeaan Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Vet Pathol Program, Jeaan Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Obin, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, Jeaan Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY11703]; NIA NIH HHS [R01-AG07747] NR 55 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0047-6374 J9 MECH AGEING DEV JI Mech. Ageing. Dev. PD MAR 13 PY 2000 VL 114 IS 2 BP 133 EP 147 DI 10.1016/S0047-6374(00)00096-8 PG 15 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 316HE UT WOS:000087160900006 PM 10799710 ER PT J AU Hamir, AN Mattson, DE Sonn, RJ Stasko, J Habecker, PL AF Hamir, AN Mattson, DE Sonn, RJ Stasko, J Habecker, PL TI Concurrent candidiasis, listeriosis and adenovirus infections in a raccoon (Procyon lotor) SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID DISTEMPER VIRUS-INFECTION; CANINE-DISTEMPER; LEAD; ENCEPHALITIS; PROTOZOAN; RABIES C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Vet Diagnost Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Penn, Lab Pathol & Toxicol, New Bolton Ctr, Kennett Square, PA 19348 USA. RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Ave,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON, ENGLAND W1M 0AT SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD MAR 11 PY 2000 VL 146 IS 11 BP 320 EP + PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 297LW UT WOS:000086085200011 PM 10766117 ER PT J AU Kita, M Hirata, Y Moriguchi, T Endo-Inagaki, T Matsumoto, R Hasegawa, S Suhayda, CG Omura, M AF Kita, M Hirata, Y Moriguchi, T Endo-Inagaki, T Matsumoto, R Hasegawa, S Suhayda, CG Omura, M TI Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel gene encoding limonoid UDP-glucosyltransferase in Citrus SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE glucosyltransferase; cDNA sequence; limonoid; LC-MS; gene-expression; Citrus ID FRUIT-GROWTH; NAVEL ORANGE; PURIFICATION; 17-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE; BIOSYNTHESIS; MATURATION; GLUCOSIDES; TISSUES; POTATO AB We isolated a cDNA clone encoding limonoid UDP-glucosyltransferase (limonoid GTase) from the albedo of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) and investigated the contribution to limonoid glucoside accumulation in fruit, The isolated cDNA clone (CitLGT) was 1732 bp in length encoding 511 deduced amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 57.5 kDa. The products of in vitro translation from an expression vector had the limonoid GTase activity. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA indicated that CitLGT was present as a single copy gene in the Citrus genome, The amount of transcript corresponding to CitLGT mRNA changed the same way as the fluctuation of limonin glucoside content during fruit development of navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osb.). This indicates that the transcription of CitLGT regulates the conversion of limonoid aglycones to glucosides in citrus fruit. (C) 2000 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, United Grad Sch, Tokyo 1830054, Japan. Natl Inst Fruit Tree Sci, Dept Citriculture, Shizuoka 4240292, Japan. Natl Inst Fruit Tree sci, Dept Citriculture, Nagasaki 8592501, Japan. ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kita, M (reprint author), Tokyo Univ Agr & Technol, United Grad Sch, Tokyo 1830054, Japan. NR 30 TC 40 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD MAR 10 PY 2000 VL 469 IS 2-3 BP 173 EP 178 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01275-8 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 294VA UT WOS:000085930000009 PM 10713266 ER PT J AU Kang, DH Fung, DYC AF Kang, DH Fung, DYC TI Application of thin agar layer method for recovery of injured Salmonella typhimurium SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella typhimurium; thin agar layer method; heat-injury ID THERMAL INACTIVATION; FOODS; PREENRICHMENT; LISTERIA; SAMPLES; MEDIA AB Xylose lysine decarboxylase (XLD) medium, a selective plating medium, can inhibit heat-injured Salmonella typhimurium from growing, whereas tryptic soy agar (TSA), a nonselective medium, does not. To facilitate recovery of heat-injured S. typhimurium cells while providing selectivity of isolation of S. typhimurium from other bacteria in the sample, a thin agar layer (TAL) procedure was developed by overlaying 14 ml of nonselective medium (TSA) onto prepoured and solidified XLD medium in a 8.5 cm diameter Petri dish. During the First few hours of incubating the plate, the injured S. typhimurium repaired and started to grow in the TSA. During the resuscitation of injured cells, the selective agents from XLD were diffused to the TSA top layer part. Once the selective agents diffused to the top part of the TAL, the resuscitated S. typhimurium started to produce a typical reaction (black color) and other microorganisms were inhibited by the selective agents. The recovery rate for heat-injured (55 degrees C for 15 min) S. typhimurium with the TAL method was compared with TSA, XLD, and the traditional overlay method (OV; pouring selective agar on top of resuscitated cells on TSA agar 3-4 h after incubation). No significant difference occurred among TSA, OV, and TAL (P > 0.05) for enumeration of hear-injured S. typhimurium, but they recovered significantly higher numbers than from XLD agar (P < 0.05). (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, Food Microbiol Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Kang, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 19 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD MAR 10 PY 2000 VL 54 IS 1-2 BP 127 EP 132 DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(99)00174-9 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 295PX UT WOS:000085978000015 PM 10746583 ER PT J AU Kim, JY Mahe, A Guy, S Brangeon, J Roche, O Chourey, PS Prioul, JL AF Kim, JY Mahe, A Guy, S Brangeon, J Roche, O Chourey, PS Prioul, JL TI Characterization of two members of the maize gene family, Incw3 and Incw4, encoding cell-wall invertases SO GENE LA English DT Article DE cell wall beta-fructosidase; gene cloning; in-situ RT-PCR hybridization; invertase expression; Zea mays ID COAT-ASSOCIATED INVERTASES; BETA-FRUCTOFURANOSIDASE; MESSENGER-RNAS; ACID INVERTASE; CDNA CLONING; EXPRESSION; CARROT; METABOLISM; ORGANIZATION; ISOENZYMES AB Two maize putative cell-wall invertase genes (Incw3 and Incw4) have been isolated by screening a genomic DNA library (Zea mays L. W22) using the cDNA probes encoding the tu maize cell-wall invertases Incw1 and Incw2. The Incw3 and Incw4 genes contain six exons/five introns and five exons/four introns, respectively, The protein sequences deduced from both genes revealed a beta-fructosidase motif and a cysteine catalytic site known to be conserved in invertase genes. A detailed analysis of the protein and nucleotide sequences provides evidence that the Incw3 and the Incw4 genes encode putative cell-wall invertases. Furthermore, the isoelectric point deduced from the INCW4 protein sequence suggested that the Incw4 gene may encode a unique type of cell-wall invertase unbound in the apoplast. Gene expression studies using RT-PCR and in-situ RT-PCR hybridization showed that the Incw3 expression is organ/tissue-specific and developmentally regulated. In contrast, the Incw4 gene is constitutively expressed in all vegetative and reproductive tissues tested. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Paris 11, CNRS, UMR 8618, Inst Biotechnol Plantes,Lab Struct & Metab Plante, F-91405 Orsay, France. ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Prioul, JL (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, CNRS, UMR 8618, Inst Biotechnol Plantes,Lab Struct & Metab Plante, Batiment 630, F-91405 Orsay, France. RI Prioul, Jean-Louis/B-4214-2008 NR 35 TC 57 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD MAR 7 PY 2000 VL 245 IS 1 BP 89 EP 102 DI 10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00034-2 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 293TP UT WOS:000085869700011 PM 10713449 ER PT J AU Yang, A Walker, N Bronson, R Kaghad, M Oosterwegel, M Bonnin, J Vagner, C Bonnet, H Dikkes, P Sharpe, A McKeon, F Caput, D AF Yang, A Walker, N Bronson, R Kaghad, M Oosterwegel, M Bonnin, J Vagner, C Bonnet, H Dikkes, P Sharpe, A McKeon, F Caput, D TI p73-deficient mice have neurological, pheromonal and inflammatory defects but lack spontaneous tumours SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID DENTATE GYRUS; P53; REELER; RECEPTORS; MAMMALS; MOUSE; ORGANIZATION; FAMILY; CELLS; DEATH AB p73 (ref. 1) has high homology with the tumour suppressor p53 (refs 2-4), as well as with p63, a gene implicated in the maintenance of epithelial stem cells(5-7). Despite the localization of the p73 gene to chromosome 1p36.3, a region of frequent aberration in a wide range of human cancers(1), and the ability of p73 to transactivate p53 target genes(1), it is unclear whether p73 functions as a tumour suppressor. Here we show that mice functionally deficient for all p73 isoforms exhibit profound defects, including hippocampal dysgenesis, hydrocephalus, chronic infections and inflammation, as well as abnormalities in pheromone sensory pathways. In contrast to p53-deficient mice, however, those lacking p73 show no increased susceptibility to spontaneous tumorigenesis. We report the mechanistic basis of the hippocampal dysgenesis and the loss of pheromone responses, and show that new,potentially dominant-negative, p73 variants are the predominant expression products of this gene hi developing and adult tissues. Our data suggest that there is a marked divergence in the physiological functions of the p53 family members, and reveal unique roles for p73 in neurogenesis, sensory pathways and homeostatic control. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Sanofi Rech, F-31676 Labege, France. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Div Immunol Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Div Neurosci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP McKeon, F (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cell Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 30 TC 701 Z9 727 U1 3 U2 18 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 2 PY 2000 VL 404 IS 6773 BP 99 EP 103 DI 10.1038/35003607 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 292BW UT WOS:000085775100054 PM 10716451 ER PT J AU Osborn, DA Miller, KV Hoffman, DM Dickerson, WH Gassett, JW Quist, CF AF Osborn, DA Miller, KV Hoffman, DM Dickerson, WH Gassett, JW Quist, CF TI Morphology of the white-tailed deer tarsal gland SO ACTA THERIOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Odocoileus virginianus; apocrine; scent communication; sebaceous; tarsal gland AB The communication of reproductive information in cervids is thought to be accomplished by odors associated with skin glands. The tarsal glands of white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman, 1780), in particular, are the focus of many breeding behaviors and appear to attract the interest of conspecifics. These glands are annointed with urine with increasing frequency as the breeding season approaches and may convey social odors relating to dominance, reproductive condition, or individual recognition. We collected tarsal glands from male and female white-tailed deer of various ages during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Using light microscopy, we examined skin biopsies of tarsal glands microscopically to quantify sebaceous and apocrine glandular activity. Measurements of sebaceous and apocrine glands did not differ between sexes or seasons, or among age classes. During the breeding season, the tarsal tufts of older males become darkly stained. Although the tarsal glands of white-tailed deer are important in conspecific communication, the staining and associated odors appears to be unrelated to variations in the sebaceous or apocrine gland activity. Rather, odor production on the tarsal gland likely results from interactions among urinary constituents, microbial decomposition, and glandular secretions. C1 Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Wildlife Serv, USDA, APHIS, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens Diagnost Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Osborn, DA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU POLISH ACAD SCIENCES PI BIALOWIEZA PA MAMMAL RESEARCH INST, 17-230 BIALOWIEZA, POLAND SN 0001-7051 J9 ACTA THERIOL JI Acta Theriol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 45 IS 1 BP 117 EP 122 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 297FP UT WOS:000086071500012 ER PT J AU Effland, ABW AF Effland, ABW TI When rural does not equal agricultural SO AGRICULTURAL HISTORY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 80th Anniversary Symposium of the Agricultural-History-Society CY JUN 17-19, 1999 CL MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV, MISSISSIPPI STATE, MISSISSIPPI SP Agr Hist Soc HO MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIV C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Effland, ABW (reprint author), Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIF PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0002-1482 J9 AGR HIST JI Agric. Hist. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 74 IS 2 BP 489 EP 501 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; History; History & Philosophy Of Science SC Agriculture; History; History & Philosophy of Science GA 353UM UT WOS:000089293900025 ER PT J AU Attwood, JD McCarl, B Chen, CC Eddleman, BR Nayda, B Srinivasan, R AF Attwood, JD McCarl, B Chen, CC Eddleman, BR Nayda, B Srinivasan, R TI Assessing regional impacts of change: linking economic and environmental models SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE resource policy; resource modeling; agriculture; watershed; environment; economic; mathematical programming; agriculture sector model; SWAT model ID SECTOR MODELS AB Increasingly, natural resource policy makers and program administrators are requiring that analysis of proposed changes include estimates of both environmental and economic implications. That requirement poses a difficulty for researchers since the spatial scale of models used for environmental analysis and for economic analysis are structured differently. In this paper we show how the differing spatial scales can be reconciled in a national analysis involving an agricultural model with state- and county-level-based geographical boundaries and a watershed model involving watershed boundaries. This type of modeling system integration has been done in analysis of single or multiple watershed-level issues, but our paper is the first to show a method for a national-level analysis involving state- and substate-level economic results and small watershed environmental results. The procedures and results are shown for a national cropland erosion control policy and for the release by one state experiment station of improved crop varieties. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Texas Agr Expt Stn, Corpus Christi Res Ctr, Corpus Christi, TX 78406 USA. Capital One Financial, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. RP McCarl, B (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI McCarl, Bruce/E-9445-2011; Srinivasan, R/D-3937-2009 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 63 IS 3 BP 147 EP 159 DI 10.1016/S0308-521X(99)00077-3 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 312UX UT WOS:000086963300001 ER PT J AU Mayland, HF Martin, SA Lee, J Shewmaker, GE AF Mayland, HF Martin, SA Lee, J Shewmaker, GE TI Malate, citrate, and amino acids in tall fescue cultivars: Relationship to animal preference SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RUMINAL MICROORGANISM FERMENTATION; ORGANIC-ACIDS; FORAGE; RESPONSES; CATTLE AB Grazing animals depend on little-understood chemical and physical rues when selecting forage diets. This study determined malate, citrate, and amino acid concentrations in endophyte-free tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and related those concentrations to cultivar, harvest time, and grazing-animal preference. 'Barcel','Kenhy', 'Kentucky-31', 'Missouri-96', 'Mozark', 'Stargrazer', and the two accessions C1 and HiMag were established in three replicates within each of three pastures. Organic acids were determined on regrowth within each plot during four seasons and two years; amino acids were determined on regrowth of four cultivars across three replicates during both spring and fall seasons in one year. Malate and citrate were extracted with boiling water and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an organic acid column. Amino acids were hydrolyzed, separated by ion-exchange HPLC, and quantified as their ninhydrin derivatives. Both malate and citrate concentrations differed between years. During one year only, malate concentrations were higher in Kenhy (68 g kg(-1) dry matter [DM], most preferred) than in Mozark (54 g kg(-1) DM, least preferred). Citrate concentrations (13 g kg(-1) DM) were not different among cultivars. Eighteen amino acids (including tryptophan) accounted for 75% of total N. Thus, tissue N data were used as covariates to amino acid data in the ANOVA. Kenhy contained higher concentrations of eight amino acids than did other cultivars. These differences may reflect presence of Lolium genes in Kenhy. Cattle (Bos taurus L.) grazing preference (0 = not eaten; 10 = completely eaten) was not related to malate, citrate, or amino acid concentrations among cultivars. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. CRI, AgRes, Grasslands Res Ctr, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RP Mayland, HF (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E Kimberly, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 92 IS 2 BP 206 EP 210 DI 10.1007/s100870050023 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355UX UT WOS:000089407900004 ER PT J AU Retta, A Armbrust, DV Hagen, LJ Skidmore, EL AF Retta, A Armbrust, DV Hagen, LJ Skidmore, EL TI Leaf and stem area relationships to masses and their height distributions in native grasses SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EROSION PREDICTION SYSTEM; WIND EROSION; PLANT CANOPY; SALTATION AB A recently developed wind erosion model (wind erosion prediction system, WEPS) for crop lands is being extended for estimating soil erosion from rangelands, military lands, and desert ecosystems. Wind velocity near the soil surface is calculated as a function of the aerial distribution of stem silhouette area and leaf area of both live plants and standing residue. Grasses either dominate or form a significant part of the plant species growing in the noncrop lands of the world. Several grass species were studied to determine the aerial distribution of stem and leaf masses and areas. Plant samples were taken weekly from pure stands of big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), switch grass (Panicum virgatum L.), little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash], Indian grass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash], gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.), blue grama [Bouteloua gracilis (Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths], and sideoats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.], Plants were cut from a 0.2 m(2) area and five tillers were randomly selected and cut into five equal segments. Leaves and stems were separated and their areas and dry weights were measured. For each species a straight line with a zero intercept fit the data of leaf area vs, leaf mass with r(2) greater than or equal to 0.87. Stem area vs. stem mass data fit a power function with r(2) greater than or equal to 0.92. Normalized leaf and stem masses were fit to a hyperbolic tangent (r(2) greater than or equal to 0.96) and exponential (r(2) greater than or equal to 0.98) functions, respectively. The empirical regression coefficients obtained for each species will be included in the WEPS plant growth data base. C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Retta, A (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 92 IS 2 BP 225 EP 230 DI 10.1007/s100870050026 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355UX UT WOS:000089407900007 ER PT J AU Adams, ML Norvell, WA Philpot, WD Peverly, JH AF Adams, ML Norvell, WA Philpot, WD Peverly, JH TI Spectral detection of micronutrient deficiency in 'Bragg' soybean SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPHYLL BIOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS; FLUORESCENCE; LEAVES; IRON; VEGETATION; COPPER; N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE; CHLOROSIS; OXYGEN AB Iron and Mn deficiency are the most common micronutrient deficiencies in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the United States, although deficiencies in Zn and Cu have also been observed in the field. This study was conducted to assess the utility of leaf fluorescence and reflectance as a rapid means of detecting Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu deficiency, and to determine whether spectral methods could be used to derive critical concentration levels for Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu. 'Bragg' soybean plants were raised as seedlings in aerated, chelator-buffered nutrient solutions in a growth chamber. Manganese, Zn, Cu, and Fe were supplied over a wide range of concentrations to induce a range of deficiency symptoms. Chlorophyll concentrations and reflectance and fluorescence characteristics of the youngest fully mature leaf were measured periodically. Reflectance characteristics responded to decreases in leaf total chlorophyll concentration, while fluorescence characteristics responded to changes in electron transport associated with Mn, Zn, Cu, or Fe deficiency. Critical concentration ranges estimated from spectral measures were 9 to 10 mg kg(-1) for Mn, 12 to 18 mg kg(-1) for Zn, 45 to 50 mg kg(-1) for Fe, and 1.0 to 1.5 mg kg(-1) for Cu. The spectral measures used in this study were useful in detecting Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu deficiencies and may provide a rapid, nondestructive method for the detection of these deficiencies in the growth chamber, greenhouse, or field. The spectral measures were also useful for establishing critical levels for Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu under controlled conditions. C1 CSIRO, Wembly, WA 6014, Australia. USDA, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Soil Crop & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Adams, ML (reprint author), CSIRO, Wembly, WA 6014, Australia. OI Philpot, William/0000-0002-5283-4774 NR 35 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 92 IS 2 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.1007/s100870050031 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355UX UT WOS:000089407900012 ER PT J AU Adams, ML Norvell, WA Philpot, WD Peverly, JH AF Adams, ML Norvell, WA Philpot, WD Peverly, JH TI Toward the discrimination of manganese, zinc, copper, and iron deficiency in 'Bragg' soybean using spectral detection methods SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; PLANT STRESS; REFLECTANCE; RESPONSES; INDICATOR; GROWTH; LEAVES AB Early visual symptoms of Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe deficiency are often difficult to interpret and incorrect diagnoses are common. Reflectance and fluorescence measures may be useful for early and more reliable detection of Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe deficiencies, but only if one or more spectral measures change uniquely with each deficiency. A discriminant analysis was performed to determine whether selected fluorescence and reflectance measures could be used to discriminate effectively marginal Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe deficiencies, and nutrient-adequate soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr. cv. Bragg] leaves from plants grown in solution culture. Predictors were yellowness index (YI), a new measure sensitive to chlorosis; normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI); the ratio of minimal fluorescence (F-o) to variable fluorescence (F-v), F-o/F-v; and the ratio of minimal fluorescence to the fluorescence yield after 5 min of illumination (F-5min), F-o/F-5min. Manganese, Zn, Cu, and Fe deficiencies were correctly identified 62, 40, 92, and 30% of the time, respectively, as estimated by cross-validation. Controls were identified correctly 77% of the time. One-third to one-half of the leaves identified as nutrient deficient by tissue analysis did not exhibit visual symptoms. Lack of a spectral measure sensitive specifically to Zn and Fe deficiency contributed to the low identification rates for Zn and Fe deficiencies. While the development of spectral measures sensitive to Zn and Fe deficiencies is required for further development of this rule, discriminant analysis is a suitable method for the development of classification rules for identifying marginal stresses. C1 CSIRO, Wembly, WA 6014, Australia. USDA, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Soil Crop & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Adams, ML (reprint author), CSIRO, Wembly, WA 6014, Australia. OI Philpot, William/0000-0002-5283-4774 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 92 IS 2 BP 268 EP 274 DI 10.1007/s100870050032 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355UX UT WOS:000089407900013 ER PT J AU Halvorson, AD Black, AL Krupinsky, JM Merrill, SD Wienhold, BJ Tanaka, DL AF Halvorson, AD Black, AL Krupinsky, JM Merrill, SD Wienhold, BJ Tanaka, DL TI Spring wheat response to tillage system and nitrogen fertilization within a crop-fallow system SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; SOIL-WATER AVAILABILITY; WINTER-WHEAT; STORAGE; EFFICIENCY AB Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the northern Great Plains generally utilizes conventional tillage systems. A 12-yr study evaluated the effects of tillage system [conventional-till (CT), minimum-till (MT), and no-till (NT)], N fertilizer rate (0, 22, and 45 kg N ha(-1)), and cultivar (Butte86 and Stoa) on spring wheat grain yields in a dryland spring wheat-fallow rotation (SW-F). Butte86 yields with CT exceeded NT yields in five out of 12 years with 0 and 22 kg N ha(-1) applied, and four years with 45 kg N ha(-1) applied. Stoa yields with CT exceeded NT yields in three out of 12 years with no N applied, four years with 22 kg N ha(-1) applied, and only one year with 45 kg N ha(-1) applied. Yields with NT exceeded those with CT in one year. Most years, yields with MT equaled those with CT. Responses to N tended to be greatest in years when spring soil NO3-N was lowest. Positive yield responses to N fertilization with CT occurred in three years with Butte86 and two years with Stoa; with MT, four years with Butte86 and two years with Stoa; and with NT, five years with Butte86 and three years with Stoa. Cultivars were not consistent in their response to tillage and N fertilization. These results indicate that farmers in the northern Great Plains can successfully produce spring wheat in a SW-F system using MT and NT systems, but yields may be slightly reduced when compared with CT systems some years. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. USDA ARS, Mandan, ND USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Halvorson, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB E, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 92 IS 2 BP 288 EP 294 DI 10.1007/s100870050035 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355UX UT WOS:000089407900016 ER PT J AU Riedell, WE Beck, DL Schumacher, TE AF Riedell, WE Beck, DL Schumacher, TE TI Corn response to fertilizer placement treatments in an irrigated no-till system SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ROOT DISTRIBUTION; PHOSPHORUS; SOIL; POTASSIUM; YIELD; GROWTH; IMPACT AB Corn (Zea mays L.) plants express unexpected K-deficiency symptoms when grown under certain conservation tillage production systems on high-K-testing soils. This field study was conducted to determine if K fertilizer treatments interact with P and N planting-time fertilizer placement treatments to affect crop growth, nutrient composition, and yield in an irrigated no-till corn production system on high-K-testing soil. The 3-yr study was conducted on Lowry silt loam soils (coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Haplustolls) near Pierre, SD. Fertilizer placement (main plot) treatments consisted of P and N fertilizers that were applied with the corn planter to (i) the soil surface, (ii) the seed furrow, or (iii) a band 5 cm to the side of the seed furrow and 5 cm deep. Fertilizer products containing K, also applied at planting time, provided a with-g subplot comparison with subplots that received no added K fertilizer. Corn plants were sampled for root pull resistance, shoot dry weight, and shoot mineral nutrient composition at the tassel stage of development and grain yield. Data combined over the 3 yr of the study revealed that added K fertilizer had no effect on grain yield and did not interact with P and N fertilizer placement treatments to affect grain yield. When P fertilizer was placed with the seed and N fertilizer was plated in a 5- by 5-cm band, corn plants had 185 kg root(-1) pull resistance, 0.26 g shoot(-1) P accumulation, and 10.5 Mg ha(-1) grain yield. However, when P and N fertilizers were applied to the soil surface, corn plants had significantly less root pull resistance (151 kg root(-1)), P accumulation (0.22 g P shoot(-1)) and grain yield (10.1 Mg ha(-1)). Added K fertilizer decreased shoot dry weight (added K = 97 g shoot(-1), no K = 103 g), decreased P accumulation (added K = 0.22 gP plant(-1), no K = 0.25 g), increased shoot N concentration (added K = 19.3 mg N g(-1), no K = 19.0 mg), and had no significant effect on K concentration or accumulation. We conclude that, although planting-time fertilizer placement was important for optimum corn growth and yield production in irrigated no-till systems, added K fertilizer did not interact with fertilizer placement to improve yield on the high-K-testing soils used in this study. C1 USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RP Riedell, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 92 IS 2 BP 316 EP 320 DI 10.1007/s100870050039 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355UX UT WOS:000089407900020 ER PT J AU Glaz, B Powell, G Perdomo, R Ulloa, MF AF Glaz, B Powell, G Perdomo, R Ulloa, MF TI Sugarcane response to phosphorus fertilizer in relation to soil test recommendations on Everglades histosols SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB To protect habitat in the Everglades, legislation mandates a reduction of at least 25% in the P content of water discharged from the Everglacies Agricultural Area (EAA). Accurate P fertilizer recommendations for sugarcane (interspecific hybrids of Saccharum spp.), the major crop in the EAA, are needed to help achieve this P reduction. The objective of this study was to compare two soil-tests for basing P fertilizer recommendations for sugarcane grown on Histosols in the EAA. Three yield characteristics were measured at four field Locations with no added P (PO), an often-recommended commercial rate of 24 kg P ha(-1) (P1), and 48 kg P ha(-1) (P2) for the plant-cane, first-ratoon, and, at three locations, the second-ratoon crop. One group of eight genotypes was planted at two locations, and two other groups of eight genotypes were each planted at one of two other locations. An acetic acid-extractable P (Pa) soil test predicted yields better than the water-extractable P (Pw) test. However, unexpected responses in sugar and cane yields occurred for both P extraction procedures. Further knowledge of the effects of soil pH, factors affecting P mineralization, and sugarcane genotype response to P may explain some of the unexpected results. C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. Florida Crystals, S Bay, FL 33493 USA. RP Glaz, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, HCR Box 8, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. EM bglaz@ag.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 92 IS 2 BP 375 EP 380 DI 10.1007/s100870050047 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355UX UT WOS:000089407900028 ER PT J AU Stickel, F Choi, SW Kim, YI Bagley, PJ Seitz, HK Russell, RM Selhub, J Mason, JB AF Stickel, F Choi, SW Kim, YI Bagley, PJ Seitz, HK Russell, RM Selhub, J Mason, JB TI Effect of chronic alcohol consumption on total plasma homocysteine level in rats SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE alcohol; hyperhomocysteinemia; folate; one-carbon metabolism; rat ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY; FOLIC-ACID; S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; AMINO-ACIDS; RISK FACTOR; ETHANOL; LIVER; METABOLISM AB Background: Chronic alcoholism in humans is associated with the development of hyperhomocysteinemia, the mechanism of which remains unclear. Among the causes of hyperhomocysteinemia is depletion of folate, vitamin B-12, or vitamin B-6. Population-based studies indicate that folate is the strongest vitamin determinant of hyperhomocysteinemia and, in most settings, folate supplementation effectively lowers elevated homocysteine levels. However, it is not clear whether folate deficiency is the cause of alcohol-related hyperhomocysteinemia. Methods: In the present study, 10 male Sprague Dawley(R) rats were fed ethanol-containing Lieber-DeCarli diets with 13 mg of folic acid per kilogram of diet. This represents a folate intake more than 20 times the basal requirement. Ethanol represented 36% of total energy, which yielded a concentration of 6.2% (vol/vol). The same number of rats were pair-fed with isocaloric control diets that contained an identical level of folate in which ethanol was entirely replaced by maltodextrin. Results: At the end of 4 weeks, alcohol-fed rats did not show any significant reduction in plasma or hepatic folate concentrations, plasma pyridoxal-5'-phosphate concentration, or plasma vitamin B-12 concentration. On the other hand, alcohol-fed rats were significantly hyperhomocysteinemic (17.24 +/- 4.63 mu mol/liter, p < 0.01) compared to the nonalcohol group (10.73 +/- 2.76 mu mol/liter). Alcohol-fed rats also had a significantly lower hepatic S-adenosylmethionine and higher hepatic S-adenosylhomocysteine levels. Conclusions: Chronic alcohol consumption produces hyperhomocysteinemia by a mechanism that is related to interference with one-carbon metabolism, and not through vitamin depletion. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Gastrointestinal Nutr Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Stiftsklin Augustinum, Dept Gastroenterol, Munich, Germany. Univ Toronto, St Michaels Hosp, Div Gastroenterol, Dept Med, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Heidelberg, Salem Hosp, Dept Med, Heidelberg, Germany. RP Mason, JB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Bagley, Pamela/N-1906-2015 OI Bagley, Pamela/0000-0002-1214-7814 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA59005-05S1] NR 51 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD MAR PY 2000 VL 24 IS 3 BP 259 EP 264 DI 10.1097/00000374-200003000-00002 PG 6 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 298FE UT WOS:000086128000003 PM 10776661 ER PT J AU Lugo, AE Rogers, C Nixon, S AF Lugo, AE Rogers, C Nixon, S TI Hurricanes, coral reefs and rainforests: Resistance, ruin and recovery in the Caribbean SO AMBIO LA English DT Article ID LUQUILLO EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; STATES VIRGIN-ISLANDS; PUERTO-RICO; BIRD POPULATIONS; ACROPORA-PALMATA; GROWTH-RATES; ST-CROIX; HUGO; DISTURBANCE; JAMAICA AB The coexistence of hurricanes, coral reefs, and rainforests in the Caribbean demonstrates that highly structured ecosystems with great diversity can flourish in spite of recurring exposure to intense destructive energy. Coral reefs develop in response to wave energy and resist hurricanes largely by virtue of their structural strength. Limited fetch also protects some reefs from fully developed hurricane waves. While storms may produce dramatic local reef damage, they appear to have little impact on the ability of coral reefs to provide food or habitat for fish and other animals. Rainforests experience an enormous increase in wind energy during hurricanes with dramatic structural changes in the vegetation. The resulting changes in forest microclimate are larger than those on reefs and the loss of fruit, leaves, cover, and microclimate has a great impact on animal populations. Recovery of many aspects of rainforest structure and function is rapid, though there may be long-term changes in species composition. While resistance and repair have maintained reefs and rainforests in the past, human impacts may threaten their ability to survive. C1 US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. US Dept Interior, Caribbean Field Stn, US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, St John, VI 00830 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Sea Grant Coll Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Lugo, AE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, POB 25,000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. NR 78 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 21 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0044-7447 J9 AMBIO JI Ambio PD MAR PY 2000 VL 29 IS 2 BP 106 EP 114 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 312LT UT WOS:000086945300010 ER PT J AU Bathalon, GP Tucker, KL Hays, NP Vinken, AG Greenberg, AS McCrory, MA Roberts, SB AF Bathalon, GP Tucker, KL Hays, NP Vinken, AG Greenberg, AS McCrory, MA Roberts, SB TI Psychological measures of eating behavior and the accuracy of 3 common dietary assessment methods in healthy postmenopausal women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE energy intake; total energy expenditure; psychological measures; weighed diet record; 24-h dietary recall; food-frequency questionnaire; dietary assessment; post-menopausal women ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; TOTAL-ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; FREE-LIVING HUMANS; BODY-WEIGHT; YOUNG-WOMEN; RESTRAINT; DISINHIBITION; HUNGER; OBESE; FOOD AB Background: Factors affecting the accuracy of reported energy intake (rEI) need to be identified. Objective: Our objective was to investigate the association of psychological measures of eating behavior with the accuracy of rEI assessed by 7-d weighed intakes, a 24-h recall, and a food-frequency questionnaire. Design: Subjects were 26 restrained eaters aged 60.3 +/- 0.6 y ((x) over bar +/- SEM) and weighing 63.8 +/- 1.7 kg and 34 unrestrained eaters aged 59.4 +/-. 0.6 y and weighing 64.0 kg. rEI was assessed by using 3 dietary assessment methods and total energy expenditure (TEE) was determined by using doubly labeled water. Calculated EI (cEI) was determined as TEE corrected for the estimated change in body energy. Subjects completed the Eating Inventory. Results: rEI values were significantly lower than TEE values for all 3 dietary assessment methods (P < 0.05); there was no significant relation between rEI and TEE by any method. There was no significant difference in 100 x rEI:TEE between restrained and unrestrained eaters by any of the dietary assessment methods. When combined data from the 3 methods were used, 100 x rEI:cEI was not significantly different from 100% in unrestrained eaters (99 +/- 6.8%) but was lower in restrained eaters (89.1 +/- 5.3%; P < 0.05). There was a positive relation between hunger and 100 X rEI:TEE (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Low hunger is associated with undereating relative to normal eating during measurement of dietary intake; high dietary restraint may be associated with a reduction in reporting of consumed foods. Dietary hunger and restraint assessed with use of the Eating Inventory may help to identify subjects likely to underreport dietary intake. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Hays, Nicholas/0000-0002-7322-1600; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NIA NIH HHS [AG12829]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK46124] NR 31 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 71 IS 3 BP 739 EP 745 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 287HC UT WOS:000085499600016 PM 10702167 ER PT J AU Schaefer, EJ Augustin, JL Schaefer, MM Rasmussen, H Ordovas, JM Dallal, GE Dwyer, JT AF Schaefer, EJ Augustin, JL Schaefer, MM Rasmussen, H Ordovas, JM Dallal, GE Dwyer, JT TI Lack of efficacy of a food-frequency questionnaire in assessing dietary macronutrient intakes in subjects consuming diets of known composition SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE food-frequency questionnaire; dietary assessment; diet records; dietary assessment; macronutrient intake; protein; polyunsaturated fat; saturated fat; monounsaturated fat; cholesterol ID WOMENS HEALTH TRIAL; ENERGY-INTAKE; BODY-WEIGHT; VALIDITY; FAT; REPRODUCIBILITY; LIMITATIONS; EDUCATION; RECORDS; CANCER AB Background: We compared the validity of a semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire in assessing intakes of macronutrients (absolute amounts and percentages of energy) by 19 subjects fed natural-food diets of known composition. In small subsets (n = 5 or 6), we also tested 3-d diet records. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of food-frequency questionnaires and diet records in subjects fed natural-food diets of known composition. Design: Each subject consumed 3 different diets for 16 wk and self-reported his or her food intake by using a food-frequency questionnaire and a diet record. The diets varied in their chemically analyzed contents of fat (15-35% energy), saturated fat (5-14%), monounsaturated fat (5-14.5%), polyunsaturated fat (2.5-10.5%), carbohydrate (49-68%), and cholesterol (108-348 mg/d). Results: The food-frequency questionnaire significantly underestimated fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and protein intakes and significantly overestimated carbohydrate intake with the high-fat diet. The percentage of energy from fat was significantly underestimated for the high-fat diet and significantly overestimated for the Very-low-fat diet. Estimates from the food-frequency questionnaire differed significantly from actual intakes for fat (absolute and percentage), saturated fat (absolute and percentage), monounsaturated fat (absolute and percentage), and protein (percentage) in the high-fat diet and for polyunsaturated fat (absolute and percentage), saturated fat (percentage), fiber (absolute), and cholesterol (daily absolute; in mg/d) in the lower-fat diet. Estimates from the diet records better agreed with actual intakes than did estimates from the food-frequency questionnaire except for monounsaturated fat (absolute and percentage) in the high-fat diet and polyunsaturated fat (percentage) in the lower-fat diet and the very-low-fat diet. Conclusion: Our data indicated that the food-frequency questionnaire did not provide reliable estimates of absolute amounts of dietary fats or cholesterol. C1 Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. New England Med Ctr, Frances Stern Nutr Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL39326] NR 27 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 71 IS 3 BP 746 EP 751 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 287HC UT WOS:000085499600017 PM 10702168 ER PT J AU Davis, CD Milne, DB Nielsen, FH AF Davis, CD Milne, DB Nielsen, FH TI Changes in dietary zinc and copper affect zinc-status indicators of postmenopausal women, notably, extracellular superoxide dismutase and amyloid precursor proteins SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 98 Meeting CY APR 18-22, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Exper Biol DE zinc; copper; extracellular superoxide dismutase activity; amyloid precursor protein; 5 '-nucleotidase activity; postmenopausal women ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; ETHANOL-METABOLISM; SERUM-ZINC; CELLULAR-COMPONENTS; DEFICIENCY; PLASMA; SUPPLEMENTATION; METALLOTHIONEIN; DEHYDROGENASE; DEPLETION AB Background: Zinc is an essential trace element for human health and well-being; however, methods currently available for the assessment of zinc status in humans are unsatisfactory. Objective: The objective was to critically evaluate the use of various indicators of zinc status in humans in a controlled metabolic ward study. Design: Indicators of zinc status were measured in 25 healthy postmenopausal women aged 64.9 +/- 6.7 y. After a 10-d equilibration period, volunteers consumed a diet with either a low (1 mg/d; II = 12) or a high (3 mg/d; n = 13) copper content based on a total energy content of 8.4 MJ. They received the same amount of copper throughout the study. Both groups were fed the basal diet (3 mg Zn/d) with no zinc supplement for one 90-d period, and the diet supplemented with 50 mg Zn/d for another 90-d period. Results: Zinc supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.0001) extracellular but not erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity. This increase was more apparent when subjects were fed the low-copper diet. Zinc supplementation in combination with the low-copper diet significantly decreased (P < 0.01) amyloid precursor protein expression in platelets. Other indicators of zinc status that were significantly elevated after zinc supplementation were as follows: plasma zinc and free thyroxine concentrations and mononuclear 5'-nucleotidase activity. Conclusion: The measurement of serum extracellular superoxide dismutase activity may be useful as a marker for the functional assessment of zinc status in humans. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Davis, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034,Univ Stn, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 47 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 71 IS 3 BP 781 EP 788 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 287HC UT WOS:000085499600022 PM 10702173 ER PT J AU Bolonchuk, WW Siders, WA Lykken, GI Lukaski, HC AF Bolonchuk, WW Siders, WA Lykken, GI Lukaski, HC TI Association of dominant somatotype of men with body structure, function during exercise, and nutritional assessment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZINC STATUS; PERFORMANCE; DENSITY; HEIGHT; PLASMA; COPPER; IRON AB This study examined the hypothesis that somatotype determines body structure, functional responses at peak exercise, and nutritional status of 63 men ages 18-40 years who lived under controlled conditions. Data were grouped by dominant somatotype to emphasize differences in body types. Dominant ectomorphs (n = 19) had less (P < 0.05) body weight, fat weight, and percent body fat than endomorphs (n = 14) and mesomorphs (n = 30). Fat-free weight (FFW), total body potassium (TBK), and body cell mass (BCM), normalized for stature, were lower (P < 0.05) in the ectomorphs than in the endomorphs and mesomorphs. Comparisons between measured and predicted FFW and TBK showed that only the ectomorphs had less (P < 0.05) FFW and TBK than expected. Although all groups had the same peak power output, the ectomorphs had different functional responses during peak exercise. Ectomorphs had the greatest respiratory exchange ratio (P < 0.05), ventilatory equivalent for oxygen, and end-exercise plasma lactate concentrations (P < 0.05), and lowest peak oxygen uptake (L/min; P < 0.05). Nutrient intakes and blood biochemical markers of nutritional status were within the range of normal values in all groups. Correlations between measures of body structure, function, and nutritional status and dominant somatotype components were calculated after controlling for the effects of the other two somatotype components. Partial correlations were variable, with significant correlations ranging from -0.30 to 0.87. These data indicate that ectomorphs, as compared to endomorphs and mesomorphs, have deficits in FFW and BCM which are associated with differences in functional capacity. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Hlth Phys Educ & Recreat, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Phys, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. RP Lukaski, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Box 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1042-0533 J9 AM J HUM BIOL JI Am. J. Hum. Biol. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 12 IS 2 BP 167 EP 180 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6300(200003/04)12:2<167::AID-AJHB2>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 14 WC Anthropology; Biology SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 284LC UT WOS:000085333000002 ER PT J AU Reid, M Badaloo, A Forrester, T Morlese, JF Frazer, M Heird, WC Jahoor, F AF Reid, M Badaloo, A Forrester, T Morlese, JF Frazer, M Heird, WC Jahoor, F TI In vivo rates of erythrocyte glutathione synthesis in children with severe protein-energy malnutrition SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE kwashiorkor; marasmus; cysteine; stable isotope; lipid hydroperoxides ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; MALNOURISHED CHILDREN; KWASHIORKOR; PATHOGENESIS; CHILDHOOD; GLYCINE; RISK; ACID AB Although the compromised GSH status of children with edematous protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) has been documented, the in vivo kinetic mechanism(s) responsible for this is not known. To determine if decreased synthesis contributes to the alteration of GSH homeostasis, the fractional and absolute rates of synthesis of erythrocyte GSH were determined shortly after admission (study 1), similar to 9 days postadmission (study 2), and at recovery (study 3) in seven children with edematous PEM and seven children with nonedematous PEM. Children with edematous PEM had significantly lower erythrocyte GSH and slower absolute rates of GSH synthesis than children with nonedematous PEM both shortly after admission, when they were both malnourished and infected, and similar to 9 days later, when the infection had resolved but they were still malnourished. At these times, the edematous group also had significantly lower erythrocyte GSH concentrations and absolute rates of synthesis than at recovery. Plasma and erythrocyte-free cysteine concentrations of the edematous group were significantly lower at studies I and 2 than at recovery. In contrast, erythrocyte GSH concentrations, rates of GSH synthesis, and plasma and erythrocyte free cysteine concentrations of the nonedematous group were similar at all three time points and greater at studies 1 and 2 than in the edematous group. These results confirm that GSH deficiency is characteristic of edematous PEM and suggest that this is due to a reduced rate of synthesis secondary to a shortage in cysteine. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ W Indies, Trop Metab Res Unit, Kingston 7, Jamaica. RP Jahoor, F (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD34224-01A1] NR 28 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 278 IS 3 BP E405 EP E412 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 292XD UT WOS:000085819900006 PM 10710494 ER PT J AU Vann, RC Nguyen, KV Reeds, PJ Burrin, DG Fiorotto, ML Steele, NC Deaver, DR Davis, TA AF Vann, RC Nguyen, KV Reeds, PJ Burrin, DG Fiorotto, ML Steele, NC Deaver, DR Davis, TA TI Somatotropin increases protein balance by lowering body protein degradation in fed, growing pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE protein synthesis; insulin-like growth factor I; insulin; growth hormone; muscle ID RECOMBINANT PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN; GROWTH-HORMONE; DIETARY-PROTEIN; WHOLE-BODY; BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN; ACCRETION RATES; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; FOOD-INTAKE; METABOLISM; TURNOVER AB Somatotropin (ST) administration enhances protein deposition in well-nourished, growing animals. To determine whether the anabolic effect is due to an increase in protein synthesis or a decrease in proteolysis, pair-fed, weight-matched (similar to 20 kg) growing swine were treated with porcine ST (150 mu g.kg(-1).day(-1), n = 6) or diluent (n = 6) for 7 days. Whole body leucine appearance (R-a), nonoxidative leucine disposal (NOLD), urea production, and leucine oxidation, as well as tissue protein synthesis (K-s), were determined in the fed steady state using primed continuous infusions of [C-13]leucine, [C-13]bicarbonate, and [N-15(2)]urea. ST treatment increased the efficiency with which the diet was used for growth. ST treatment also increased plasma insulin-like growth factor I (+100%) and insulin (+125%) concentrations and decreased plasma urea nitrogen concentrations (-53%). ST-treated pigs had lower leucine R-a (-33%), leucine oxidation (-63%), and urea production (-70%). However, ST treatment altered neither NOLD nor K-s in the longissimus dorsi, semitendinosus, or gastrocnemius muscles, liver, or jejunum. The results suggest that in the fed state, ST treatment of growing swine increases protein deposition primarily through a suppression of protein degradation and amino acid catabolism rather than a stimulation of protein synthesis. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. ARS, USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR046308, R01 AR044474]; NICHD NIH HHS [T32-HD-07445] NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 278 IS 3 BP E477 EP E483 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 292XD UT WOS:000085819900014 PM 10710502 ER PT J AU Mosley, AR James, SR Shock, CC Hane, DC Rykbost, KA Charlton, BA Holm, DG Love, SL Corsini, DL Pavek, JJ Thornton, RE AF Mosley, AR James, SR Shock, CC Hane, DC Rykbost, KA Charlton, BA Holm, DG Love, SL Corsini, DL Pavek, JJ Thornton, RE TI Russet Legend: A full season long Russet for processing and fresh market use SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; variety AB Russet Legend, a moderately late maturing variety especially suitable for frozen French fry processing but also acceptable for tablestock use (boiling, and baking), was jointly released by the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Oregon, Colorado, Idaho, and Washington, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 1998, Russet Legend was evaluated in irrigated trials in Oregon from 1988 to 1997, and in western regional trials from 1990 to 1992, Total yields were similar to those of Russet Burbank, but Russet Legend produced higher marketable yields. In three years of regional trials at up to 13 locations in seven western states, Russet Legend averaged 47.3 Mg/ha marketable yield compared with 36.5 Mg/ha for Russet Burbank and 33.6 Mg/ha for Russet Norkotah. Russet Legend has consistently achieved lighter fry color and higher specific gravity than Russet Burbank. Russet Legend is less susceptible to Verticillium wilt than Russet Burbank or Russet Norkotah, It is susceptible to PLRV and net necrosis, and expresses PVY foliar symptoms clearly. Russet Legend is less susceptible to tuber infection and decay caused by Phytophthora infestans than Ranger Russet and Russet Norkotah. Russet Legend is less susceptible to hollow heart, brown center, growth cracks, and sugar ends than Russet Burbank. C1 Oregon State Univ, Klamath Expt Stn, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Cent Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Madras, OR 97741 USA. Oregon State Univ, Malheur Expt Stn, Ontario, OR 97914 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr R&E Ctr, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. Colorado State Univ, San Luis Valley Res Ctr, Dept Hort, Center, CO 81125 USA. Univ Idaho, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Univ Idaho, USDA, ARS, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Rykbost, KA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Klamath Expt Stn, 6941 Washburn Way, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 0003-0589 J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 77 IS 2 BP 77 EP 81 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 303GD UT WOS:000086413400002 ER PT J AU Mosley, AR James, SR Hane, DC Rykbost, KA Shock, CC Charlton, BA Pavek, JJ Love, SL Corsini, DL Thornton, RE AF Mosley, AR James, SR Hane, DC Rykbost, KA Shock, CC Charlton, BA Pavek, JJ Love, SL Corsini, DL Thornton, RE TI Umatilla Russet: A full season long Russet for processing and fresh market use SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; variety AB Umatilla Russet, a moderately late maturing variety especially suitable for frozen french fry processing but also acceptable for tablestock use (boiling, and baking), was jointly released by the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Oregon, Idaho, and Washington and the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 1998. Umatilla Russet was evaluated in irrigated trials in Oregon from 1988 to 1997, and in western regional trials from 1989 to 1991. Total yields were similar to those of Russet Burbank, but Umatilla Russet produced higher marketable yields. In three years of regional trials at up to 13 locations in seven western states, Umatilla Russet averaged 40.5 Mg/ha compared with 32.4 Mg/ha for Russet Burbank. Umatilla Russet fry color and specific gravity are consistently equal to or better than for Russet Burbank. Umatilla Russet is less susceptible to Verticillium milt than Russet Norkotah, less susceptible to net necrosis than Russet Burbank, and resistant to PVX. It is susceptible to PLRV and expresses foliar symptoms of PVY more clearly than Russet Norkotah, Umatilla Russet is less susceptible to tuber infection and decay caused by Phytophthora infestans than Ranger Russet and Russet Norkotah. Umatilla Russet is less susceptible to hollow heart, brown center, growth cracks, and sugar ends, but more susceptible to blackspot and shatter bruise than Russet Burbank. C1 Oregon State Univ, Klamath Expt Stn, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Cent Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Madras, OR 97441 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr R&E Ctr, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. Oregon State Univ, Malheur Expt Stn, Ontario, OR 97914 USA. Univ Idaho, USDA, ARS, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Rykbost, KA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Klamath Expt Stn, 6941 Washburn Way, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. NR 1 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 5 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 0003-0589 J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 77 IS 2 BP 83 EP 87 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 303GD UT WOS:000086413400003 ER PT J AU Goth, RW Haynes, KG AF Goth, RW Haynes, KG TI Evaluation of potato clones for severity of Verticillium wilt, yield and specific gravity in Maine SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Verticillium albo-atrum; Verticillium dahliae; potato early dying; tuber size distribution; host resistance ID PINK-EYE; MANAGEMENT; IRRIGATION; FERTILITY; DAHLIAE; SOIL AB In 1994 and 1995, the effect of Verticillium milt, caused by Verticillium dahliae and V. albo-atrum, on tuber yields, number and weight of U.S. No. 1 and B size tubers, and specific gravity was studied in northern Maine, an area with a short growing season. Seven clones (four resistant and three susceptible) were evaluated in a split-plot design with three replications, Clones were the whole-plot factor, and seed pieces in sub-plots were either uninoculated or inoculated with 50 ml of 4 x 10(4) cfu/ml Verticillium spp. at planting. Individual plants mere scored for Verticillium wilt symptoms before harvest on a 1= <3% wilt to 10= <97% wilt. Differences among clones for wilting and specific gravity were significant. The inoculation treatment had no effect on any of the tuber traits measured. However, there mere significant clone x inoculation interactions for most tuber traits, Reductions in yield, weight and number of U.S. No. 1 potatoes, and specific gravity were greater in the Verticillium wilt susceptible clones than in the resistant clones. These results suggest that breeding clones with resistance to Verticillium spp. will reduce yield losses, while maintaining tuber size and specific gravity under disease pressure. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Haynes, KG (reprint author), USDA ARS, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 010A,Rm 312, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 0003-0589 J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 77 IS 2 BP 89 EP 94 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 303GD UT WOS:000086413400004 ER PT J AU Wagenaar, J Zuerner, RL Alt, D Bolin, CA AF Wagenaar, J Zuerner, RL Alt, D Bolin, CA TI Comparison of polymerase chain reaction assays with bacteriologic culture, immunofluorescence, and nucleic acid hybridization for detection of Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo in urine of cattle SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SUBTYPE HARDJOBOVIS; BOVIS INFECTION; PREGNANT CATTLE; PCR ASSAY; INTERROGANS; VACCINATION; DNA; DIHYDROSTREPTOMYCIN; AMPLIFICATION; COWS AB Objective-To compare sensitivity and specificity of various polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for detection of Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo in bovine urine and to compare results of the optimal PCR assay with results of immunofluorescence, nucleic acid hybridization, and bacteriologic culture. Animals-6 heifers. Procedure-Heifers were exposed to serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis by conjunctival instillation of 10(6) leptospires on 3 successive days. Urine samples were collected before and after infection. Sensitivity and specificity of 5 PCR assays were compared, to determine the optimal assay for use with bovine urine samples. The optimal PCR assay was then compared with results of bacteriologic culture, nucleic acid hybridization, and immunofluorescence. Results-A PCR assay with the best combination of specificity (100%) and sensitivity (91%) was selected for comparison with the other diagnostic tests. Sensitivity for nucleic acid hybridization was 55%, whereas sensitivity for bacteriologic culture and immunofluorescence was 89 to 93%. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Bacteriologic culture, PCR, and immunofluorescence were sensitive for detection of Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar hardjo type hardjo-bovis in urine specimens of cattle, but a single technique was not the most sensitive for each animal tested. Therefore, the use of 2 techniques in combination is warranted for maximal sensitivity for diagnosis. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Utrecht, Fac Vet Med, Inst Infect Dis & Immunol, Dept Bacteriol, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Bolin, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 32 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 61 IS 3 BP 316 EP 320 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.316 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 289ZH UT WOS:000085651500015 PM 10714525 ER PT J AU Hardegree, SP Van Vactor, SS AF Hardegree, SP Van Vactor, SS TI Germination and emergence of primed grass seeds under field and simulated-field temperature regimes SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE bunchgrass; germination; emergence; priming; rate; temperature ID SEEDLING EMERGENCE; CONSTANT TEMPERATURES; ENDOSPERM INTEGRITY; TOMATO GENOTYPES; SOIL-TEMPERATURE; GRAIN LEGUMES; GROWTH; ESTABLISHMENT; TURFGRASSES; CHICKPEA AB Seed priming may enhance establishment success of cool-season range grasses which must compete with annual weeds for early spring moisture. Previous priming studies have confirmed germination rate enhancement for these species but relative treatment effects under field-temperature conditions have not been assessed. We primed seeds of thickspike wheatgrass [Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. and J. G. Smith) Gould], bluebunch wheatgrass [Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) Love], Sandberg bluegrass (Poa sandbergii Vasey.) and bottlebrush squirreltail [Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey] and evaluated their relative emergence rate in three soil types as a function of spring-planting date. Germination response was simultaneously evaluated in laboratory germinators that were programmed to simulate the held-temperature regime at planting depth. Seed priming enhanced both germination and emergence rate with the greatest effect occurring during the earlier, cooler planting dates. Total emergence and emergence rate in the field were lower than for the equivalent germination response in the laboratory. Thermal-germination response was modelled and predictions developed for evaluating potential germination under late winter/early spring soil-temperature regimes. Modelling results predicted that greater germination enhancement would have been possible at earlier planting dates than were measured in the field experiment. (C) 2000 Annals of Botany Company. C1 USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Hardegree, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Plaza 4,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. NR 40 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 85 IS 3 BP 379 EP 390 DI 10.1006/anbo.1999.1076 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 289NW UT WOS:000085629700010 ER PT J AU Engelbrecht, BMJ Velez, V Tyree, MT AF Engelbrecht, BMJ Velez, V Tyree, MT TI Hydraulic conductance of two co-occuring neotropical understory shrubs with different habitat preferences SO ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hydraulic conductance; drought; Piper; tropical rainforest; understory shrub ID WATER RELATIONS; ACER-SACCHARUM; TROPICAL FORESTS; LIGHT REGIMES; WOODY-PLANTS; ARCHITECTURE; TREES; ROOT; VULNERABILITY; RESISTANCE AB Whole plant hydraulic conductance was measured for two co-occuring neotropical rainforest understory shrub species of the genus Piper, which differ in their habitat preference with respect to soil moisture: P, trigonum is restricted to wet habitats, whereas P. cordulatum occurs in drier sites. Plants were grown under four treatments (two light conditions crossed with two watering regimes), representing the extremes of conditions in their natural habitat. The data showed significantly higher total hydraulic conductance and leaf specific conducance in the drought-avoiding species, P. trigonum, than in the drought-tolerant species P. cordulatum. The measured parameters also differed between growth treatments. The species differences in hydraulic conductance could be interpreted as adaptive in the respective species' habitat, and might thus be important in determining habitat preference and distribution of the two species. C1 Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Bot, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama. US Forest Serv, USDA, Aiken Forestry Sci Lab, S Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Engelbrecht, BMJ (reprint author), Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Bot, Schnittspahnstr 3-5, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. RI Engelbrecht, Bettina/E-9914-2012 NR 30 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1286-4560 J9 ANN FOR SCI JI Ann. For. Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 57 IS 3 BP 201 EP 208 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 315NP UT WOS:000087120100001 ER PT J AU Zeng, F Shu, S Ramaswamy, SB Srinivasan, A AF Zeng, F Shu, S Ramaswamy, SB Srinivasan, A TI Vitellogenin in pupal hemolymph of Diatraea grandiosella (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Diatraea grandiosella; antibody; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; vitellogenin ID JUVENILE-HORMONE; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; MANDUCA-SEXTA; MOTH AB Vitellogenin (Vg) concentration was determined in pupal hemolymph of female southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella (Dyar). Vitellogenin concentration increased significantly with pupal age. Vitellogenin level reached 7 mg/ml on day 7 after pupation. The vitellogenin was separable into 2 apoproteins on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), with molecular weights of 145,000 for apo Vg-I and 38,000 for apoVg-II. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that vitellogenin polypetides in female pupal hemolymph appeared to le identical to those from eggs, but were absent in male and early female pupal hemolymph. A method to quantify vitellogenin by indirect ELISA is described. Results from this study and those of a previous study suggest that juvenile hormone does not have a role in vitellogenesis but does so in choriogenesis. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Zeng, F (reprint author), ARS, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, USDA, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 93 IS 2 BP 291 EP 294 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[0291:VIPHOD]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 359VB UT WOS:000089631800017 ER PT J AU Morad, M Suzuki, YJ Okabe, E AF Morad, Martin Suzuki, Yuichiro J. Okabe, Eiichiro TI Redox Regulation of Cardiac and Skeletal Sarcoplasmic Reticulum SO ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Morad, Martin] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Morad, Martin] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Inst Cardiovasc Sci, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Suzuki, Yuichiro J.] Tufts Univ, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Suzuki, Yuichiro J.] Tufts Univ, Cell & Mol Nutr Program, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Okabe, Eiichiro] Kanagawa Dent Coll, Dept Pharmacol, Kanagawa 2380003, Japan. [Okabe, Eiichiro] Kanagawa Dent Coll, ESR Lab, Kanagawa 2380003, Japan. RP Morad, M (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol, 3900 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. EM moradm@gunet.georgetown.edu; ysuzuki@hnrc.tufts.edu NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1523-0864 EI 1557-7716 J9 ANTIOXID REDOX SIGN JI Antioxid. Redox Signal. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 2 IS 1 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1089/ars.2000.2.1-1 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA V10YZ UT WOS:000207500600001 PM 11232590 ER PT J AU Morad, M Suzuki, YJ AF Morad, Martin Suzuki, Yuichiro J. TI Redox Regulation of Cardiac Muscle Calcium Signaling SO ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING LA English DT Review AB Signal transduction for cardiac muscle contraction is regulated by the Ca2+-induced Ca2+-release reactions by biological oxidants and antioxidants have been shown to alter the kinetics of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release. W e postulate that altered kinetics of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release may divert the contractile pool of Ca2+ to elicit excitation-transcription coupling. W e provide evidence that redox reactions regulate excitation-transcription coupling by showing that membrane depolarization may activate the GATA4 transcription factor only when the cells are pretreated with hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, redox regulation of the ryanodine receptor may serve as a mechanism to determine whether the contractile pool of Ca2+ should signal gene transcription during excitation-contraction coupling. Antiox. Redox Signal. 2, 65-71. C1 [Morad, Martin] Georgetown Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Morad, Martin] Georgetown Univ, Inst Cardiovasc Res, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Suzuki, Yuichiro J.] Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Antioxidants Res Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. [Suzuki, Yuichiro J.] Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Cell & Mol Nutr Program, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Morad, M (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Pharmacol, Med Ctr, 3900 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007 USA. EM moradm@gunet.georgetown.edu; ysuzuki@hnrc.tufts.edu FU National Institutes of Health [HL-16152, AG-16121] FX This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants HL-16152 (to M.M.) and AG-16121 (to Y.J.S.). NR 33 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1523-0864 EI 1557-7716 J9 ANTIOXID REDOX SIGN JI Antioxid. Redox Signal. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 2 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1089/ars.2000.2.1-65 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA V10YZ UT WOS:000207500600009 PM 11232602 ER PT J AU Gagliardi, JV Karns, JS AF Gagliardi, JV Karns, JS TI Leaching of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in diverse soils under various agricultural management practices SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; SURVIVAL; BACTERIA; MANURE; WATER AB Application of animal manures to soil as crop fertilizers is an important means for recycling the nitrogen and phosphorus which the manures contain, Animal manures also contain bacteria, including many types of pathogens. Manure pathogen levels depend on the source animal, the animal's state of health, and how the manure was stored or treated before use. Rainfall may result in pathogen spread into soil by runoff from stored or unincorporated manure or by leaching through the soil profile, Steady rainfall consisting of 16.5 mm h(-1) was applied to 100-mm disturbed soil cores that were treated,vith manure and inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain B6914, The level of B6914 in leachate was near the inoculum level each hour for 8 h, as was the level of B6914 at several soil depths after 24 h, indicating that there was a high rate of growth. Bacterial movement through three different types of soil was then compared by using disturbed (tilled) and intact (no-till) soil cores and less intense rainfall consisting of 25.4 mm on 4 consecutive days and then four more times over a 17-day period. Total B6914 levels exceeded the inoculum levels for all treatments except intact clay loam cores. B6914 levels in daily leachate samples decreased sharply with time, although the levels were more constant when intact sandy loam cores were used. The presence of manure often increased total B6914 leachate and soil levels in intact cores but had the opposite effect on disturbed soil cores. Ammonia and nitrate levels correlated with B6914 and total coliform levels in leachate. We concluded that tillage practice, soil type, and method of pathogen delivery affect but do not prevent vertical E. coli O157:H7 and coliform transport in soil and that soluble nitrogen may enhance transport. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gagliardi, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Microbial Syst Lab, BARC W, Bldg 001,Room 140, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jgagliar@asrr.arsusda.gov NR 21 TC 191 Z9 197 U1 7 U2 44 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 66 IS 3 BP 877 EP 883 DI 10.1128/AEM.66.3.877-883.2000 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 289DG UT WOS:000085604800001 PM 10698745 ER PT J AU Desjardins, AE Manandhar, HK Plattner, RD Manandhar, GG Poling, SM Maragos, CM AF Desjardins, AE Manandhar, HK Plattner, RD Manandhar, GG Poling, SM Maragos, CM TI Fusarium species from Nepalese rice and production of mycotoxins and gibberellic acid by selected species SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SECTION LISEOLA; MATING POPULATIONS; FUJIKUROI; FUMONISINS; MONILIFORMIN AB Infection of cereal grains with Fusarium species can cause contamination with mycotoxins that affect human and animal health. To determine the potential for mycotoxin contamination, we isolated Fusarium species from samples of rice seeds that were collected in 1997 on farms in the foothills of the Nepal Himalaya, The predominant Fusarium species in surface-disinfested seeds with husks were species of the Gibberella fujikuroi complex, including G, fujikuroi mating population A (anamorph, Fusarium verticillioides), G. fujikuroi mating population C (anamorph, Fusarium fujikuroi), and G, fujikuroi mating population D (anamorph, Fusarium proliferatum). The widespread occurrence of mating population D suggests that its role in the complex symptoms of bakanae disease of rice may be significant. Other common species were Gibberella zeae (ana morph, Fusarium graminearum) and Fusarium semitectum, with Fusarium acuminatum. Fusarium anguioides, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium chlamydosporum, Fusarium equiseti, and Fusarium oxysporum occasionally present. Strains of mating population C produced beauvericin, moniliformin, and gibberellic acid, but little or no fumonisin, whereas strains of mating population D produced beauvericin, fumonisin, and, usually, moniliformin, but no gibberellic acid. Some strains of G, zeae produced the 8-ketotrichothecene nivalenol, whereas others produced deoxynivalenol. Despite the occurrence of fumonisin-producing strains of mating population D, and of 8-ketotrichothecene-producing strains of G, zeae, Nepalese rice show-ed no detectable contamination with these mycotoxins. Effective traditional practices for grain drying and storage may prevent contamination of Nepalese rice with Fusarium mycotoxins. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Nepal Agr Res Council, Plant Pathol Div, Lalitpur, Nepal. RP Desjardins, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 35 TC 83 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 66 IS 3 BP 1020 EP 1025 DI 10.1128/AEM.66.3.1020-1025.2000 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 289DG UT WOS:000085604800022 PM 10698766 ER PT J AU Dien, BS Nichols, NN O'Bryan, PJ Bothast, RJ AF Dien, BS Nichols, NN O'Bryan, PJ Bothast, RJ TI Development of new ethanologenic Escherichia coli strains for fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Sympsoium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 02-06, 1999 CL FT COLLINS, COLORADO SP US DOE Off Fuels Dev, US DOE Off Ind Technologies, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Lockheed Martin Energy Res, AE Staley, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Techn, BC Int, BF Goodrich, Cargill, Colorado Inst Res Biotechnol, Coors Brewing Co, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Iogen Corp, Katzen Assoc Int Inc, Nat Resources, Canada, Pure Energy, Raphael Katzen, Tembec DE alcohol; biofuel; Escherichia coli; fermentation; pentoses ID LACTATE-DEHYDROGENASE; ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS; CORN FIBER; CONVERSION; XYLOSE; SUGARS; KO11; PATHWAY; GENES; YEAST AB Two new ethanologenic strains (FBR4 and FBR5) of Escherichia coli were constructed and used to ferment corn fiber hydrolysate. The strains carry the plasmid pLOI297, which contains the genes from Zymomonas mobilis necessary for efficiently converting pyruvate into ethanol. Both strains selectively maintained the plasmid when grown anaerobically. Each culture was serially transferred 10 times in anaerobic culture with sugar-limited medium containing xylose, but no selective antibiotic. An average of 93 and 95% of the FBR4 and FBR5 cells, respectively, maintained pLOI297 in anaerobic culture. The fermentation performances of the repeatedly transferred cultures were compared with those of cultures freshly revived from stock in pH-controlled batch fermentations with 10% (w/v) xylose. Fermentation results were similar fur all the cultures. Fermentations were completed within 60 h and ethanol yields were 86-92% of theoretical. Maximal ethanol concentrations were 3.9-4.2% (w/v). The strains were also tested for their ability to ferment corn fiber hydrolysate, which contained 8.5% (w/v) total sugars (2.0% arabinose, 2.8% glucose, and 3.7% xylose). E. coli FBR5 produced more ethanol than FBR4 from the corn fiber hydrolysate. E. coli FBR5 fermented all but 0.4% (w/v) of the available sugar, whereas strain FBR4 left 1.6% unconsumed. The fermentation with FBR5 was completed within 55 h and yielded 0.46 g of ethanol/g of available sugar, 90% of the maximum obtainable. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dien, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. OI Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 38 TC 98 Z9 107 U1 3 U2 16 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 84-6 BP 181 EP 196 DI 10.1385/ABAB:84-86:1-9:181 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 317DR UT WOS:000087211500015 PM 10849788 ER PT J AU Shi, NQ Prahl, K Hendrick, J Cruz, J Lu, P Cho, JY Jones, S Jeffries, T AF Shi, NQ Prahl, K Hendrick, J Cruz, J Lu, P Cho, JY Jones, S Jeffries, T TI Characterization and complementation of a Pichia stipitis mutant unable to grow on D-xylose or L-arabinose SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 02-06, 1999 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP US DOE, Off Fuels Dev, US DOE, Off Ind Technol, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Lockheed Martin Energy Res, AE Staley, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol, BC Int, BF Goodrich, Cargill, Colorado Inst Res Biotechnol, Coors Brewing Co, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Iogen Corp, Katzen Assoc Int Inc, Nat Resources, Canada, Pure Energy, Raphael Katzen, Tembec DE D-Xylose; L-arabinose; Pichia stipitis; fermentation; metabolism; mutant; complementation ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ARABITOL DEHYDROGENASE; UTILIZING YEAST; GENE; FERMENTATION AB Pichia stipitis CBS 6054 will grow on D-xylose, D-arabinose, and L-arabinose. D-Xylose and L-arabinose are abundant in seed hulls of maize, and their utilization is important in processing grain residues. To elucidate the degradation pathway for L-arabinose, we obtained a mutant, FPL-MY30, that was unable to grow on D-xylose and L-arabinose but that could grow on D-arabinitol. Activity assays of oxidoreductase and pentulokinase enzymes involved in D-xylose, D-arabinose, and L-arabinose pathways indicated that FPL-MY30 is' deficient in D-xylitol dehydrogenase (D-XDH), D- and L-arabinitol dehydrogenases, and D-ribitol dehydrogenase. Transforming FPL-MY30 with a gene for xylitol dehydrogenase (PsXYL2), which was cloned from CBS 6054 (GenBank AF127801), restored the D-XDH activity and the capacity for FPL-MY30 to grow on L-arabinose. This suggested that FPL-MY30 is critically deficient in XYL2 and that the D-xylose and L-arabinose metabolic pathways have xylitol as a common intermediate. The capacity for FPL-MY30 to grow on D-arabinitol could proceed through D-ribulose. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biochem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM twjeffri@facstaff.wisc.edu RI Cruz Freire, Jose/A-7834-2011; OI Cruz Freire, Jose/0000-0003-1471-9035; Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 28 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 EI 1559-0291 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 84-6 BP 201 EP 216 DI 10.1385/ABAB:84-86:1-9:201 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 317DR UT WOS:000087211500017 PM 10849789 ER PT J AU Sumner, HR Dowler, CC Garvey, PM AF Sumner, HR Dowler, CC Garvey, PM TI Application of agrichemicals by chemigation, pivot-attached sprayer systems, and conventional sprayers SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE application technology; chemigation; irrigation; pest control; sprayer AB The application method and the volume of water associated with the application method influences the effectiveness of agrichemicals. We evaluated the effectiveness of chemigation, pivot-attached sprayer systems(PASS), and tractor-mounted sprayers for the applications of preemergence and postemergence herbicide and fungicide in peanut and for defoliant applications in cotton. Chemigation and PASS were effective methods for applying agrichemicals when high volumes of water are needed to provide penetration into the crop canopy or to activate preemergence herbicides. PASS applications demonstrated a potential for the commercial application of some materials that are nor compatible with chemigation systems, such as defoliants, postemergence herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides. Therefore, producers who install PASS may be able to increase the efficiency and versatility of their irrigation systems far applying selected agrichemicals. C1 USDA ARS, IBPMRL, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Pass Inc, Tifton, GA USA. RP Sumner, HR (reprint author), USDA ARS, IBPMRL, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 16 IS 2 BP 103 EP 107 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 301UY UT WOS:000086329700001 ER PT J AU Bohnhoff, DR Moody, RC AF Bohnhoff, DR Moody, RC TI Bending properties of laminated-lumber girders SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE lamination; laminated lumber; mechanical lamination; wood girders; built-up girders; shear transfer plates; lumber; bending; wood design AB Twenty-seven girders were "built up" from dimension lumber and tested to failure in bending. Each girder was 7.9 m (26 ft) in length and contained three layers, with each of these layers comprised of stacked 38 x 140 and 38 x 235 mm (nominal 2 x 6 and 2 x 10 in.) members. Nails were used to join individual layers in 10 of the assemblies. Layers in the remaining assemblies were joined with shear transfer plates (STPs). One-half of the STP-laminated girders and all of the nail-laminated girders were loaded such that the "top" of the girder (a.k.a. edge A) was in compression. The other half of the STP girders were turned upside-down and loaded such that the bottom of the girder (a.k.a, edge B) nas in compression. Test results showed that the method of laminating (nails or STPs) did not significantly affect the bending strength nor the initial bending stiffness of the girders. Changing the surface of load application from edge A to edge B did not affect initial bending stiffness, but did have a significant affect on bending strength. This effect was attributed to the differences in the tensile and compressive strengths of end-joint connections. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Bohnhoff, DR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 16 IS 2 BP 165 EP 173 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 301UY UT WOS:000086329700011 ER PT J AU Bermudez, OI Tucker, KL AF Bermudez, OI Tucker, KL TI Using knee height to correct stature of elderly Hispanics. SO ARCHIVOS LATINOAMERICANOS DE NUTRICION LA Spanish DT Article DE elderly; anthropometry; stature; knee height; body mass index; postural problems ID BODY-COMPOSITION; AGE-DIFFERENCES; ADULTS; BLACK; WHITE; INDEX; DISTRIBUTIONS; POPULATION; PREDICTION; EQUATIONS AB Loss of stature in certain elderly subjects can be attributed to diseases such as osteoporosis, as well as to age and generational effects. In addition, many elders cannot stand straight for accurate measurement. For these cases, total height can be estimated with regression equations based on knee height. The aims of this study were, firstly, to evaluate the applicability of regression equations based on knee height for estimation of stature and, secondly, to document the differences between measured and estimated height in a group of elderly Hispanics with postural problems (n=166) in comparison with a group of elderly Hispanic without postural problems (n=270). Using both, estimated and measured height, we also calculated the body mass index (BMI) of both groups of elders. Statistical analyses were done with paired t-tests. within sex and study group. Within the group with postural problems, estimated height was higher than the measured height for both men (p less than or equal to 0.001) and women (p less than or equal to 0.001). There were no significant differences between measured and estimated height in the group without postural problems. Furthermore, in the group with postural problems, BMI values calculated with estimated height were lower than those estimated with the measured height, and these differences were also significant for both men (p less than or equal to 0.001) and women (p less than or equal to 0.001). With the aging of the Latin American population, there is a need for more nutrition and health research among elders. In order to do this we need to develop and use methods and criteria appropriate for each population. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Ctr Human Nutr Res, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RP Bermudez, OI (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Ctr Human Nutr Res, Medford, MA 02155 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X NR 29 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ARCHIVOS LATINOAMERICANOS NUTRICION PI CARACAS PA APARTADO 62778 CHACAO, AVENIDA FRANCISCO MIRANDA, CARACAS 1060, VENEZUELA SN 0004-0622 J9 ARCH LATINOAM NUTR JI Arch. Latinoam. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 50 IS 1 BP 42 EP 47 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 343LU UT WOS:000088704500005 PM 11048570 ER PT J AU Velez-Carrasco, W Lichtenstein, AH Li, ZL Dolnikowski, GG Lamon-Fava, S Welty, FK Schaefer, EJ AF Velez-Carrasco, W Lichtenstein, AH Li, ZL Dolnikowski, GG Lamon-Fava, S Welty, FK Schaefer, EJ TI Apolipoprotein A-I and A-II kinetic parameters as assessed by endogenous labeling with [H-2(3)] leucine in middle-aged and elderly men and women SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stable isotopes; apolipoprotein A-I; apolipoprotein A-II; kinetic parameters ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; FRACTIONAL CATABOLIC RATE; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; STABLE-ISOTOPE; DEUTERATED LEUCINE; B-100 KINETICS; PLASMA; METABOLISM; ESTROGEN AB The purpose of our study was to investigate high density lipoprotein (HDL) apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apoA-II kinetics in a state of constant feeding after a primed-constant infusion of [5,5,5-H-2(3)](L)-leucine in 32 normolipidemic older men and postmenopausal women (aged 41 to 79 years). ApoA-I and apoA-II were isolated from plasma HDL, and enrichment was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The fractional secretion rate was obtained by using a monoexponential equation calculated with the SAAM II program (Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle). Mean HDL cholesterol (HDLC) and total triglyceride levels were 23% higher and 27% lower, respectively, in women than in men. Mean plasma apoA-I levels were 10% greater in women than in men, whereas mean apoA-II levels were similar. HDL size, estimated by gradient-sizing gels and by the HDLC/apoA-I+apoA-II ratio, was significantly higher in women than in men. Mean apoA-I secretion rates (SRs) were similar in men and women (12.28+/-3.64 versus 11.96+/-2.92 mg/kg per day), whereas there was a trend toward a lower(- 13%) apoA-I fractional catabolic rate (FCR) in women compared with men (0.199+/-0.037 versus 0.225+/-0.062 pools per day, P=0.11). Mean apoA-II SRs (2.21+/-0.57 versus 2.27+/-0.91 mg/kg per day) and FCRs (0.179+/-0.034 versus 0.181+/-0.068 pools per day) were similar in men and women. For the group as a whole, there was an inverse association between the HDL-C/apoA-I+apoA-II ratio and apoA-I FCR and between the ratio and triglyceride levels. Plasma levels of apoA-I and apoA-II were correlated with their respective SRs but not FCRs. These data suggest a major role for apoA-I and apoA-II SRs in regulating the plasma levels of these proteins, whereas apoA-I FCR might be an important factor contributing to the differences in apoA-I levels between men and postmenopausal women. Moreover, plasma triglyceride levels are important determinants of HDL size and apoA-I catabolism. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-39236] NR 37 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 20 IS 3 BP 801 EP 806 PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 293CN UT WOS:000085834100027 PM 10712406 ER PT J AU Couture, P Otvos, JD Cupples, LA Lahoz, C Wilson, PWF Schaefer, EJ Ordovas, JM AF Couture, P Otvos, JD Cupples, LA Lahoz, C Wilson, PWF Schaefer, EJ Ordovas, JM TI Association of the C-514T polymorphism in the hepatic lipase gene with variations in lipoprotein subclass profiles - The Framingham Offspring Study SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatic lipase; HDL; gene polymorphisms; lipoprotein particle size ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; POSTHEPARIN PLASMA LIPASES; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; HDL CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; TRIGLYCERIDE LIPASE; SUBFRACTION DISTRIBUTION; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; PARTICLE-SIZE; MEN AB Hepatic lipase is involved in the metabolism of several lipoproteins and has a key role in reverse cholesterol transport. A common C-to-T substitution at position -514 of the hepatic lipase promoter has been associated with variations in plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and hepatic lipase activity. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of this polymorphism to lipoprotein levels in a population-based sample of 1314 male and 1353 female Framingham Offspring Study participants. In men and women, carriers of the -514T allele had higher HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I (apoAI) concentrations compared with noncarriers. The higher HDL-C levels associated with the -514T allele was due to an increase in the HDL2-C subfraction, and this association was stronger in women compared with men (P=0.0043 versus 0.0517). To gain further understanding about the metabolic basis of these effects, HDL and low density lipoprotein (LDL) subclass profiles were measured by using automated nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gradient gel electrophoresis, respectively. The association of the -514T allele with higher HDL-C levels seen in men and women was primarily due to significant increases in the large HDL subfractions (size range 8.8 to 13.0 nm). In contrast, there was no relationship between the hepatic lipase polymorphism at position -514 and the LDL particle size distribution after adjustment for familial relationships, age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, use of beta-blockers, apoE genotype, and menopausal status and estrogen therapy in women. Moreover, multiple regression analyses suggested that the C-514T polymorphism contributed significantly to the variability of HDL particle size in men and women (P<0.04). Thus, our results show that the C-514T polymorphism in the hepatic lipase gene is associated with significant variations in the lipoprotein profile in men and women. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biochem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Framingham, MA USA. NHLBI, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL35243, HL54776]; PHS HHS [N01-38038] NR 65 TC 86 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 20 IS 3 BP 815 EP 822 PG 8 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 293CN UT WOS:000085834100029 PM 10712408 ER PT J AU Schwab, US Ausman, LM Vogel, S Li, ZL Lammi-Keefe, CJ Goldin, BR Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ Lichtenstein, AH AF Schwab, US Ausman, LM Vogel, S Li, ZL Lammi-Keefe, CJ Goldin, BR Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ Lichtenstein, AH TI Dietary cholesterol increases the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidative modification SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE cholesterol; LDL; oxidative modification; diet; fat; fatty acids; lycopene; corn oil; beef tallow ID VITAMIN-E CONTENT; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; PARTICLE-SIZE; FATTY-ACIDS; OLEATE-RICH; LDL; SUPPLEMENTATION; HUMANS AB Evidence suggests that oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) occurs in vivo, increasing the atherogenecity of the particle. A total of 13 subjects (age range 46-78 years) with an LDL cholesterol concentration > 3.36 mmol/l consumed each of four diets for 32-day periods. The diets contained 30% energy as fat of which 2/3 was either corn oil or beef tallow with and without 115 mg/4.2 MJ of supplemental cholesterol in the form of cooked egg yolk. The susceptibility of LDL to oxidation was assessed during a challenge with hemin and hydrogen peroxide, and results are expressed as lag time to oxidation in minutes. Addition of moderate amounts of cholesterol to either the corn oil or beef tallow enriched diet resulted in increased susceptibility of LDL to oxidation (decreased lag time): 69 +/- 22 min versus 96 +/- 24 min in the corn oil diet with versus without supplemental cholesterol, respectively, P = 0.006; 82 +/- 20 min versus 96 +/- 26 min in the beef tallow diet with versus without supplemental cholesterol, respectively, P = 0.025. A stepwise equation indicated that as plasma oleic acid concentrations increased and/or linoleic acid concentrations decreased, lag time increased (decreased susceptibility to oxidation), whereas as dietary cholesterol concentrations increased, lag time decreased (increased susceptibility to oxidation). In conclusion, these data suggest that addition of a moderate amount of dietary cholesterol to a reduced fat diet rich in polyunsaturated or saturated fatty acids increased the in vitro susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Nutr Sci, Storrs, CT USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 54727] NR 55 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD MAR PY 2000 VL 149 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(99)00310-X PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 295YY UT WOS:000085997300011 PM 10704618 ER PT J AU Teske, ME Thistle, HW AF Teske, ME Thistle, HW TI Droplet size scaling of agricultural spray material by dimensional analysis SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION MODEL; AIRCRAFT; FLUIDS AB A preliminary dimensional analysis has been undertaken on a large agricultural atomization database, developed by the Spray Drift Task Force, with the goal of recovering fitting parameters that may be used to generate droplet size spectra in the absence of laboratory data. The results presented herein are encouraging but not definitive: correlation coefficients between 0.596 and 0.843, consistently lower than coefficients produced by two alternative methods-a statistical approach using multiple regression analysis, and a neural network representation-also summarized herein, possible reasons for the lower correlation coefficients with dimensional analysis, a technique that should provide direct physical insight and not simply fit the data, are explored. C1 Continuum Dynam Inc, Princeton, NJ USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Teske, ME (reprint author), Continuum Dynam Inc, Princeton, NJ USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1044-5110 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 10 IS 2 BP 147 EP 158 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 321XQ UT WOS:000087481000003 ER PT J AU Morgan, UM Xiao, L Limor, J Gelis, S Raidal, SR Fayer, R Lal, A Elliot, A Thompson, RCA AF Morgan, UM Xiao, L Limor, J Gelis, S Raidal, SR Fayer, R Lal, A Elliot, A Thompson, RCA TI Cryptosporidium meleagridis in an Indian ring-necked parrot (Psittacula krameri) SO AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium meleagridis; Indian ring-necked parrot; turkey; clinical history; microscopy; 18S rDNA gene ID PARVUM AB Objective To perform a morphological and genetic characterisation of a Cryptosporidium infection in an Indian ring-necked parrot: (Psittacula krameri) and to compare this with C meleagridis from a turkey. Design Tissue and intestinal sections from an Indian ring-necked parrot were examined microscopically for Cryptosporidium. The organism was also purified from the crop and intestine, the DNA extracted and a portion of the 18S rDNA gene amplified, sequenced and compared with sequence and biological information obtained for C meleagridis from a turkey as well as sequence information for other species of Cryptosporidium. Results Morphological examination of tissue sections from an Indian ring-necked parrot revealed large numbers of Cryptosporidium oocysts attached to the apical border of enterocytes lining the intestinal tract. Purified Cryptosporidium oocysts measured about 5.1 x 4.5 mu m, which conformed morphologically to C meleagridis. The sequence obtained from this isolate was identical to sequence information obtained from a C meleagridis isolate from a turkey. Conclusion Cryptosporidium meleagridis was detected in an Indian ring-necked parrot using morphological and molecular methods. This is the first time that this species of Cryptosporidium has been reported in a non-galliform host and extends the known host range of C meleagridis. C1 WHO, Collaborating Ctr Mol Epidemiol Parasit Infect, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Murdoch Univ, Div Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kingston Vet Clin, Mentone, Vic 3194, Australia. ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Morgan, UM (reprint author), WHO, Collaborating Ctr Mol Epidemiol Parasit Infect, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. RI Raidal, Shane/C-4632-2008; Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 9 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU AUSTRALIAN VETERINARY ASSN PI MELBOURNE PA 272 BRUNSWICK RD BRUNSWICK, MELBOURNE, VIC 3056, AUSTRALIA SN 0005-0423 J9 AUST VET J JI Aust. Vet. J. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 78 IS 3 BP 182 EP 183 DI 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2000.tb10589.x PG 14 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 294PH UT WOS:000085919300030 PM 10860158 ER PT J AU Wraight, SP Carruthers, RI Jaronski, ST Bradley, CA Garza, CJ Galaini-Wraight, S AF Wraight, SP Carruthers, RI Jaronski, ST Bradley, CA Garza, CJ Galaini-Wraight, S TI Evaluation of the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus for microbial control of the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; entomopathogenic fungi; Bemisia argentifolii; silverleaf whitefly; relative humidity; microbial control ID VEGETATIVE GROWTH; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; TEMPERATURE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PATHOGENICITY AB Collaborative research was conducted at the USDA-ARS Subtropical Agricultural Research Center in southern Texas to assess the microbial control potential of Beauveria bassiana and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus against Bemisia whiteflies. Laboratory assays demonstrated the capacity of both pathogens to infect Bemisia argentifolii nymphs on excised hibiscus leaves incubated at relative humidities as low as 25% at 23 +/- 2 degrees C (ca. 35% infection by B. bassiana and P. fumosoroseus resulted from applications of 0.6-1.4 x 10(3) conidia/mm(2) of leaf surface). In small-scale field trials using portable air-assist sprayers, applications at a high rate of 5 x 10(13) conidia in 180 liters water/ha produced conidial densities of ca. 1-2.5 x 10(3) conidia/mm(2) on the lower surfaces of cucurbit leaves. Multiple applications of one isolate of P. fumosoroseus and four isolates of B. bassiana made at this rate at 4- to 5-day intervals provided >90% control of large (third- and fourth-instar) nymphs on cucumbers and cantaloupe melons. The same rate applied at 7-day intervals also provided >90% control in zucchini squash, and a one-fourth rate (1.25 x 10(13) conidia/ha) applied at 4- to 5-day intervals reduced numbers of large nymphs by >85% in cantaloupe melons. In contrast to the high efficacy of the fungal applications against nymphs, effects against adult whiteflies were minimal. The results indicated that both B. bassiana and P. fumosoroseus have strong potential for microbial control of nymphal whiteflies infesting cucurbit crops. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Mycotech Corp, Butte, MT 59702 USA. RP Wraight, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 29 TC 98 Z9 137 U1 4 U2 21 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2000 VL 17 IS 3 BP 203 EP 217 DI 10.1006/bcon.1999.0799 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 291NT UT WOS:000085743500001 ER PT J AU Elliott, NC Kieckhefer, RW Beck, DA AF Elliott, NC Kieckhefer, RW Beck, DA TI Adult coccinellid activity and predation on aphids in spring cereals SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Aphididae; biological control; foraging; behavior; Coccinellidae; Insecta; predation; flight ID FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURES; DEVELOPMENTAL RATES; DEMOGRAPHIC-STATISTICS; GREENBUGS HOMOPTERA; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; CONSTANT; FIELD; COLEOPTERA; SORGHUM; WHEAT AB Improved understanding of coccinellid activity and predation on aphids in the field could clarify their potential in aphid biological control, Our objective was to determine the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on activity and predation by adults of three coccinellid species (Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, H. tredecimpunctata tibialis (Say), and Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer) in spring cereal fields. The proportion of time coccinellids spent searching was correlated with air temperature, aphid density, and time of day. The relationship between searching and these variables differed among species. Mean walking speed ranged from 66.4 cm/min for C. maculata to 83.2 cm/min for H. tredecimpunctata and increased with temperature for all species. The frequency of short flights (<2 m) by beetles increased with temperature and decreased with increasing aphid density for all species, but the relationship of short flight frequency to these variables differed among species. The frequency of long flights (>2 m) was similar for all species and influenced by temperature and calendar date. The frequencies with which aphids were encountered and eaten were correlated with aphid density and temperature for H. convergens and H. tredecimpunctata. Despite over 250 h spent observing adult coccinellid behavior in the field, predation data were insufficient to develop a useful predation model. C1 USDA ARS, SPA, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Elliott, NC (reprint author), USDA ARS, SPA, Plant Sci Res Lab, 1301 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 28 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2000 VL 17 IS 3 BP 218 EP 226 DI 10.1006/bcon.1999.0797 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 291NT UT WOS:000085743500002 ER PT J AU Stapel, JO Cortesero, AM Lewis, WJ AF Stapel, JO Cortesero, AM Lewis, WJ TI Disruptive sublethal effects of insecticides on biological control: Altered foraging ability and life span of a parasitoid after feeding on extrafloral nectar of cotton treated with systemic insecticides SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; systemic insecticides; pesticides; beneficial insects; natural enemies; Microplitis croceipes; parasitoid; mortality; sublethal effects; wind tunnel; flight response; longevity; IPM ID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES; HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; TOXICITY; BEHAVIOR; DELTAMETHRIN; ALEYRODIDAE; PESTICIDES; EFFICIENCY; HOMOPTERA AB Predictions in integrated pest management on the compatibility of an insecticide with biological control often are based on incomplete screening tests. While measuring levels of mortality from direct insecticide exposure is a very common screening method, possible sublethal effects as a result of either direct or indirect insecticide exposure remain relatively unknown. The impact of sublethal effects on the success of biological control can be as deleterious as mortality. Here, we report the reduced host foraging ability and longevity of the parasitoid Microplitis croceipes Cresson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) after feeding on extrafloral nectar from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., Malvaceae) plants that were treated with systemic insecticides. The insecticides used in this study are regularly applied in cotton-growing areas in the United States. For all tested insecticides, longevity of M. croceipes females that fed on nectar from cotton was affected for at least 10 days after plants were treated with insecticides. Moreover, the parasitoid's host foraging ability was severely affected for periods ranging from 2 days (imidacloprid) to 18 days (aldicarb) after insecticide application. The consequences of these sublethal effects on the success of biological control are discussed. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Univ Rennes 1, Lab Ecobiol Insectes Parasitoides, F-35042 Rennes, France. USDA ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Cortesero, AM (reprint author), Univ Rennes 1, Lab Ecobiol Insectes Parasitoides, Ave Gen Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes, France. NR 34 TC 60 Z9 71 U1 9 U2 38 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2000 VL 17 IS 3 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1006/bcon.1999.0795 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 291NT UT WOS:000085743500005 ER PT J AU Dobrinsky, JR Pursel, VG Long, CR Johnson, LA AF Dobrinsky, JR Pursel, VG Long, CR Johnson, LA TI Birth of piglets after transfer of embryos cryopreserved by cytoskeletal stabilization and vitrification SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE PRESERVATION; PORCINE EMBRYOS; MOUSE EMBRYOS; MAMMALIAN EMBRYOS; CYTOCHALASIN-B; EGGS; DILUTION AB Pig embryos suffer severe sensitivity to hypothermic conditions, which limits their ability to withstand conventional cryopreservation. Research has focused on high lipid content of pig embryos and its role in hypothermic sensitivity, while little research has been conducted on structural damage. Documenting cytoskeletal disruption provides information on embryonic sensitivity and cellular response to cryopreservation. The objectives of this study were to document microfilament (MF) alterations during swine embryo vitrification, to utilize an MF inhibitor during cryopreservation to stabilize MF, and to determine the developmental competence of cytoskeletal-stabilized and vitrified pig embryos. Vitrified morulae/early blastocysts displayed MF disruptions and lacked developmental competence after cryopreservation; hatched blastocysts displayed variable MF disruption and developmental competence. Cytochalasin-b did not improve morula/early blastocyst viability after vitrification; however, it significantly (P < 0.05) improved survival and development of expanded and hatched blastocysts. After embryo transfer, we achieved pregnancy rates of almost 60%, and litter sizes improved from 5 to 7.25 piglets per litter. This study shows that the pig embryo cytoskeleton can be affected by vitrification and that MF depolymerization prior to vitrification improves blastocyst developmental competence after cryopreservation. After transfer, vitrified embryos can produce live, healthy piglets that grow normally and when mature are of excellent fecundity. C1 USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dobrinsky, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, BARC E,Bldg 200,Rm 22, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 137 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 62 IS 3 BP 564 EP 570 DI 10.1095/biolreprod62.3.564 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 287XV UT WOS:000085533500010 PM 10684796 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ AF Ordovas, JM Schaefer, EJ TI Genetic determinants of plasma lipid response to dietary intervention: the role of the APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster and the APOE gene SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Diet and the Metabolic Syndrome CY AUG 26-28, 1999 CL YSTAD, SWEDEN SP Swedish Nutrit Fdn, Swedish Soc Med DE dietary response; lipoproteins; polymorphisms; coronary heart disease; apolipoproteins ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN-CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; SATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; E POLYMORPHISM; E PHENOTYPE; C-III; FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; E GENOTYPE; TRANSCRIPTION EFFICIENCY AB Polymorphisms at the APOA1/C3/A4 gene cluster and the APOE gene have been extensively studied in order to examine their potential association with plasma lipid levels, coronary heart disease risk and more recently with inter-individual variability in response to dietary therapies. Although the results have not been uniform across studies, the current research supports the concept that variation at these genes explains a significant, but still rather small, proportion of the variability in fasting and postprandial plasma lipid responses to dietary interventions. This information constitutes the initial frame to develop panels of genetic markers that could be used to predict individual responsiveness to dietary therapy for the prevention of coronary heart disease. Future progress in this complex area will come from experiments carried out using animal models, and from carefully controlled dietary protocols in humans that should include the assessment of several other candidate gene loci coding for products that play a relevant role in lipoprotein metabolism (i.e. APOB, CETP, LPL, FABP2, SRBI, ABC1 and CYP7). C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, UM,Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, UM,Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 77 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU C A B INTERNATIONAL PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 83 SU 1 BP S127 EP S136 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 321NN UT WOS:000087461700020 PM 10889803 ER PT J AU Nigg, HN Elliott, PM Brock, JW Sampson, EJ Szanyi, DN Weems, K Chandler, W Reynolds, R Walker, T AF Nigg, HN Elliott, PM Brock, JW Sampson, EJ Szanyi, DN Weems, K Chandler, W Reynolds, R Walker, T TI Organochlorine compounds in Florida feral pigs (Sus scofa) SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; HUMAN-SERUM; HEXACHLOROBENZENE; PESTICIDES; PCBS; HCB; RAT C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. SW Florida Water Management Dist, Bartow, FL 33830 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. RP Nigg, HN (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, 700 Expt Stn Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 64 IS 3 BP 347 EP 353 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 290XP UT WOS:000085703400006 PM 10757657 ER PT J AU Miller, DR Borden, JH AF Miller, DR Borden, JH TI Dose-dependent and species-specific responses of pine bark beetles (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) to monoterpenes in association with pheromones SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID DENDROCTONUS-PONDEROSAE HOPKINS; LATIDENS LECONTE COLEOPTERA; ELECTROANTENNOGRAM RESPONSES; COLONIZATION BEHAVIOR; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SAY COLEOPTERA; HOST SELECTION; SEMIOCHEMICALS; POPULATIONS; KAIROMONES AB Monoterpenes affected the attraction of three sympatric species of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to pheromone-baited multiple-funnel traps in stands of lodgepole pine. Catches of Ips pini (Say) in traps baited with its pheromone, ipsdienol, were directly related to the release rates of 3-carene, beta-phellandrene, and beta-pinene. Catches of Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins in traps baited with exo-brevicomin and cis- and trans-verbenol were directly related to the release rates of 3-carene, myrcene, and beta-phellandrene. Ips latidens (LeConte) exhibited preferences for traps baited with ipsenol and beta-phellandrene or beta-pinene but not in a dose-dependent fashion. Catches of I. latidens in traps baited with its pheromone, ipsenol, were inversely proportional to the release rates of 3-carene, myrcene, and terpinolene. Similarly, catches of I. pini in traps baited with its pheromone, ipsdienol, were inversely proportional to the release rates of myrcene and terpinolene. These results demonstrate a degree of species specificity among three phloeophagous species with respect to preferred host odours. The bark beetle predators-associates Lasconotus complex LeConte (Coleoptera: Colydiidae) and Corticeus Piller and Mitterpacher sp. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) demonstrated some measure of specificity to monoterpenes in their responses to ipsdienol-baited funnel traps, gamma-Terpinene increased attraction of L. complex but had no effect on Corticeus sp., whereas alpha- and beta-pinene increased attraction of Corticeus sp. but had no effect on L. complex. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Environm Biol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Miller, DR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, USDA, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM dmiller/srs_athens@fs.fed.us NR 47 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 12 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 132 IS 2 BP 183 EP 195 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 293JH UT WOS:000085848000003 ER PT J AU Miller, DR Pierce, HD de Groot, P Jeans-Williams, N Bennett, R Borden, JH AF Miller, DR Pierce, HD de Groot, P Jeans-Williams, N Bennett, R Borden, JH TI Sex pheromone of Conophthorus ponderosae (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) in a coastal stand of western white pine (Pinaceae) SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CONE BEETLE C1 DR Miller Consulting Serv, Surrey, BC V3T 5T5, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Nat Resources Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault St Marie, ON P6A 5M7, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Environm Biol, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. British Columbia Minist Forests, Tree Improvement Branch, Saanichton, BC V8M 1W4, Canada. RP Miller, DR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, USDA, 230 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 4 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 132 IS 2 BP 243 EP 245 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 293JH UT WOS:000085848000008 ER PT J AU Maier, CA Kress, LW AF Maier, CA Kress, LW TI Soil CO2 evolution and root respiration in 11 year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations as affected by moisture and nutrient availability SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EVOLUTION; DECIDUOUS FOREST FLOOR; MIXED HARDWOOD FOREST; ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; INTERIOR ALASKA; DOUGLAS-FIR; SANDY SOIL; TEMPERATURE; WATER AB We measured soil CO2 evolution rates with (S-ff) and without (S-ms) the forest floor litter and root respiration monthly in 11-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations during the fourth year of fertilization and irrigation treatments. Values of S-ff ranged from less than 1 mu mol.m(-2).s(-1) during the winter to greater than 5 mu mol.m(-2).s(-1) in late spring. Average S-ff was significantly greater in unfertilized relative to the fertilized stands; however, there was no difference in average S-ms among treatments. Soil temperature and the mass of the forest floor (litter) explained most of the difference in S-ff among treatments. Soil temperature and volumetric water content accounted for 70% of the seasonal variation in S-ff. Annual carbon efflux from the soil averaged 14.1 Mg.ha(-1) per year for all treatments. Most of the evolved carbon was derived from root respiration (50-73%). Net ecosystem productivity was -1.1 and 6.9 Mg C.ha(-1) per year for the unfertilized and fertilized stands, respectively. At age 11, the unfertilized stands were functioning as a net carbon source, while fertilized stands were a strong carbon sink. It was concluded that fertilization could decrease the time for a young pine plantation to change from a carbon source to a carbon sink. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Maier, CA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 70 TC 62 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 30 IS 3 BP 347 EP 359 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 296UJ UT WOS:000086044500002 ER PT J AU Strong, TF Erdmann, GG AF Strong, TF Erdmann, GG TI Effects of residual stand density on growth and volume production in even-aged red maple stands SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB The effects of five residual stand densities (9.2, 13.8, 16.1, 18.4 m(2)/ha, and an unthinned control (27.2 m(2)/ha)) on 10-year stand and crop tree growth and bole quality were studied in an even-aged red maple stand in Michigan. A secondary treatment of removing the understory trees (5-10 cm DBH) was applied on half the plots. Diameter growth was significantly greater in all cutting treatments than in the control. Ten-year diameter growth in the heaviest cut treatment was nearly three times that of the control. The interaction between understory removal treatments and density treatments was significant for net basal area growth. Ingrowth in the heavier cut treatments accounted for a significant portion of net basal area growth in the plots without understory removal. Mortality was highest in the control and lowest in the heavier cut treatments. Epicormic branching significantly reduced clear bole length of crop trees in the heavier cut treatments, especially when the understory was removed. For these reasons, a more conservative first entry thinning level of about 17-18 ma/ha without controlling the understory is recommended for even-aged red maple stands. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Strong, TF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 30 IS 3 BP 372 EP 378 DI 10.1139/cjfr-30-3-372 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 296UJ UT WOS:000086044500004 ER PT J AU Cregg, BM Olivas-Garcia, JM Hennessey, TC AF Cregg, BM Olivas-Garcia, JM Hennessey, TC TI Provenance variation in carbon isotope discrimination of mature ponderosa pine trees at two locations in the Great Plains SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; GAS-EXCHANGE; TRANSPIRATION EFFICIENCY; BLACK SPRUCE; NEEDLE MORPHOLOGY; GENETIC-VARIATION; SIB FAMILIES; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GENOTYPES AB We analyzed genotypic variation in carbon isotope discrimination (Delta), photosynthetic gas exchange, and needle morphology of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) trees from four seed sources growing in two 26-year-old provenance plantings near Plattsmouth, Neb., and Norman, Okla. The populations studied were from South Dakota, New Mexico, Wyoming, and Nebraska. Net photosynthesis (A) and needle conductance to water vapor (g(wv)), were measured during the growing season of 1994. Specific leaf area, stomatal density, and Delta were analyzed in needles grown from 1991 to 1994. The southernmost source (New Mexico) had the highest intrinsic water-use efficiency (A/g(wv)) among the sources studied. Carbon isotope discrimination was correlated with growth (r = -0.81, P < 0.05), A/g(wv) (r < -0.54, P < 0.001), and g(wv) (r > 0.46, P < 0.05) but not A. Variation in Delta was significant among seed sources and years (P < 0.001). We observed a strong genotype x environment interaction in Delta resulting from geographic location but not moisture availability within locations. We hypothesize that the genotype x environment interaction is related to variation in growth phenology among the seed sources. Improving water-use efficiency or growth of ponderosa pine via Delta will require an understanding in genotypic variation in growth rhythms. C1 Univ Nebraska, US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Natl Agroforestry Ctr,USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Forestry, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Cregg, BM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 51 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 30 IS 3 BP 428 EP 439 DI 10.1139/cjfr-30-3-428 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 296UJ UT WOS:000086044500009 ER PT J AU McQuattie, CH Schier, GA AF McQuattie, CH Schier, GA TI Response of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) seedlings to manganese SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PINUS-RIGIDA SEEDLINGS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; STRUCTURAL-CHANGES; NUTRIENT SOLUTION; PLANT-TISSUES; TOXICITY; GROWTH; ALUMINUM; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TOLERANCE AB Long-term research in north-central Pennsylvania has revealed high levels (> 2000 ppm) of foliar Mn in seedlings and overstory sugar maples (Acer saccharum Marsh.). To determine thresholds for sensitivity of sugar maple to Mn, 4-week-old seedlings growing in sand were irrigated for 8 weeks with nutrient solution (pH 3.8) containing 0.1 (control), 5, 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg Mn/L. Seedling mortality occurred at 40 (92%) and 80 (100%) mg Mn/L. At lower Mn, seedling dry mass decreased with increasing Mn concentrations; root growth was inhibited more than shoot growth. Foliar concentrations of all mineral nutrients except P were significantly reduced by Mn. Symptoms of Mn toxicity included chlorosis and necrosis in leaves, darkened root tips, and loosening of outer cortical cells in roots. Cellular symptoms observed in Mn-treated seedlings (5 mg/L and higher) included irregularities in cell shape, increased vacuolation, and swollen mitochondria in root meristems; leaves showed discrete electron-dense areas in chloroplast thylakoid membranes, increased starch in mesophyll cells, and collapse of phloem in midveins. Investigation of potential Mn toxicity will require simulated field conditions to fully evaluate interactions with other factors. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP McQuattie, CH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. NR 47 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 30 IS 3 BP 456 EP 467 DI 10.1139/cjfr-30-3-456 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 296UJ UT WOS:000086044500012 ER PT J AU Ramesh, R Kuenzel, WJ Buntin, JD Proudman, JA AF Ramesh, R Kuenzel, WJ Buntin, JD Proudman, JA TI Identification of growth-hormone- and prolactin-containing neurons within the avian brain SO CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE neuropeptides; hypothalamus; pituitary; lactotroph; somatotroph; broodiness; turkey; dove ID RAT LATERAL HYPOTHALAMUS; RING DOVES; IMMUNOREACTIVE PROLACTIN; PITUITARY PROLACTIN; INCUBATION BEHAVIOR; MELEAGRIS-GALLOPAVO; GALLUS-DOMESTICUS; PINEAL-GLAND; CHICK BRAIN; TURKEY HENS AB Prolactin (PRL)- and growth-hormone (GH)containing perikarya and fibers independent of the anterior pituitary gland have been reported to exist in the central nervous system of several mammalian species. The specific distributions of PRL- or GH-like neurons in the avian forebrain and midbrain, however, have not been reported. The objective of the study was to identify GH- and PRL-containing neurons in the hypothalamus and a few extrahypothalamic areas of two avian species. Brain and peripheral blood samples were collected from laying and broody turkey hens and ring doves. Broody turkey hens and doves had significantly higher plasma PRL concentrations compared with laying hens. Coronal brain sections were prepared and immunostained using anti-turkey GH and anti-chicken synthetic PRL antibodies. In turkey hens, the most dense GH-immunoreactive (ir) perikarya and fibers were found in hippocampus (Hp), periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, inferior hypothalamic nucleus, infundibular hypothalamic nucleus, medial and lateral septal area, and external zone of the median eminence (ME). In the ring dove, a similar pattern of distribution of GH-ir neurons was noticed at the brain sites listed above except that GH-ir fibers and granules were found only in the internal zone of ME and not in the external zone. In both turkeys and doves, the most immunoreactive PRL-ir perikarya and fibers were found in the medial and lateral septal area, Hp (turkey only), and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis pars magnocellularis. There were no appal-ent differences in the staining pattern of GH- or PRL-ir neurons between the laying and broody states in either species. However, the presence of GH-ir- and PRL-ir perikarya and fibers in several hypothalamic nuclei indicates that GH and PRL may influence parental behavior, food intake, autonomic nervous system function, and/or reproduction. C1 ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Ramesh, R (reprint author), ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, USDA, Bldg 262,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH41447] NR 61 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0302-766X J9 CELL TISSUE RES JI Cell Tissue Res. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 299 IS 3 BP 371 EP 383 DI 10.1007/s004419900104 PG 13 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 298VC UT WOS:000086159000008 PM 10772251 ER PT J AU Robutti, JL Borras, FS Ferrer, ME Bietz, JA AF Robutti, JL Borras, FS Ferrer, ME Bietz, JA TI Grouping and identification of Argentine maize races by principal component analysis of zein reversed-phase HPLC data SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ENDOSPERM; PROTEINS; GENES AB Racial classification of maize has important taxonomic and phylogenetic implications. It may also serve to organize germ plasm inventory, thus helping breeders choose their stocks. Maize racial classification is usually based on phenotypic descriptors, which may not always accurately express genetic characteristics. In contrast, synthesis and expression of zeins is directly associated with genotype. This study was conducted to determine whether racial grouping and identification of maize can be done by applying principal component analysis to zein reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) data. Zeins from samples of 97 landraces (primitive varieties) of the Argentine races Cristalino Colorado, Dentado Blanco, Avati Moroti, Capia, and Pisingallo, stored at the Pergamino Active Maize Germplasm Bank, were analyzed by RP-HPLC. Data from the approximate to 21- to 53-min chromatogram region (total zeins [ZT]), the approximate to 21- to-30 min region (zeins 2 [Z2]), or the approximate to 38- to 52-min region (zeins 1 [Z1]) were subjected to multivariate analysis based on principal component to group samples by race and to assign unknown samples to predetermined racial groups. Clearly differentiated racial groups were revealed, closely matching groups based on phenotype. Unknown samples could be assigned, with a low percentage of misidentification, to predetermined groups based on Mahalanobis distances. The shortest distances of unknown samples were almost always the distances to their respective groups. Approaches other than multivariate analysis were used to group and assign samples to defined races but they were not as effective. Results indicate the potential of this method as a complementary tool to perform racial grouping and identify maize materials with high genetic variability. C1 INTA, EEA Pergamino, Pergamino 2700, BA, Brazil. ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Robutti, JL (reprint author), INTA, EEA Pergamino, CC 31, Pergamino 2700, BA, Brazil. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 77 IS 2 BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.2.91 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 297MJ UT WOS:000086086400001 ER PT J AU Doehlert, DC McMullen, MS AF Doehlert, DC McMullen, MS TI Genotypic and environmental effects on oat milling characteristics and great hardness SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID KERNEL HARDNESS; WHEAT AB The production of oat bran involves the dehulling of oats, inactivation of their enzymes, and the subsequent grinding and sieving of the clean greats to isolate the larger bran particles. The bran yield from the oat greats may be related to their hardness, as it is in wheat. Great breakage, which occurs during the dehulling process, reduces milling yield and may also be related to great hardness. This study sought to investigate genotypic and environmental effects on oat dry milling and oat dehulling characteristics, and attempted to define properties associated with oat great hardness. Significant genotypic differences in bran yield were largely attributed to great composition, where higher beta-glucan and oil concentrations in the great were associated with higher bran yields. Bran composition was largely dependent on a combination of the bran yield and the great composition. Although great breakage was correlated with bran yield and with great beta-glucan concentration, environmental factors appeared to be more influential, Locations that had suffered severe crown rust infestations exhibited higher rates of great breakage during dehulling. Bran yield was not as strongly affected at the locations infested with crown rust, indicating that bran yield and great breakage are manifestations of different types of groat hardness and are only partially related. C1 N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Red Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Doehlert, DC (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Red Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Harris Hall, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 77 IS 2 BP 148 EP 154 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.2.148 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 297MJ UT WOS:000086086400013 ER PT J AU Dowell, FE AF Dowell, FE TI Differentiating vitreous and nonvitreous durum wheat kernels by using near-infrared spectroscopy SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMITTANCE AB The vitreousness of durum wheat is used by the wheat industry as an indicator of milling and cooking quality. The current visual method of determining vitreousness is subjective, and classification results between inspectors and countries vary widely. Thus, the use of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to objectively classify vitreous and nonvitreous single kernels was investigated. Results showed that classification of obviously vitreous or nonvitreous kernels by the NIR procedure agreed almost perfectly with inspector classifications. However, when difficult-to-classify vitreous and nonvitreous kernels were included in the analysis, the NIR procedure agreed with inspectors on only 75% of kernels. While the classification of difficult kernels by NIR spectroscopy did not match well with inspector classifications, this NIR procedure quantifies vitreousness and thus may provide an objective classification means that could reduce inspector-to-inspector variability. Classifications appear to be due, at least in part, to scattering effects and to starch and protein differences between vitreous and nonvitreous kernels. C1 ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 15 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 77 IS 2 BP 155 EP 158 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.2.155 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 297MJ UT WOS:000086086400014 ER PT J AU Gaines, CS Raeker, MO Tilley, M Finney, PL Wilson, JD Bechtel, DB Martin, RJ Seib, PA Lookhart, GL Donelson, T AF Gaines, CS Raeker, MO Tilley, M Finney, PL Wilson, JD Bechtel, DB Martin, RJ Seib, PA Lookhart, GL Donelson, T TI Associations of starch gel hardness, granule size, waxy allelic expression, thermal pasting, milling quality, and kernel texture of 12 soft wheat cultivars SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RED WINTER WHEATS; HEXAPLOID WHEATS; BAKING QUALITY; GELATINIZATION; ENDOSPERM; PROTEINS; AMYLOSE; CEREAL AB Starches were isolated from 12 soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and were characterized for waxy (Wx) allelic expression, thermal pasting characteristics, and starch granule size. Gels were produced from the thermally degraded starches and were evaluated using large deformation rheological measurements. Data were compared with cultivar kernel texture, milling characteristics, starch chemical analyses, and flour pasting characteristics. Larger flour yields were produced from cultivars that had larger starch granules. Flour yield also was correlated with lower amylose content and greater starch content. Harder starch gels were correlated with higher levels of amylose content and softer kernel texture. The cultivar Fillmore, which had a partial waxy mutation at the B locus, produced the highest peak pasting viscosity and the lowest gel hardness. Softer textured wheats had greater lipid-complexed amylose and starch phosphorus contents and had less total starch content. Among these wheats of the soft market class, softer textured wheats had larger starch granules and harder textured wheats had smaller starch granules. In part, this may explain why soft wheats vary in texture. The smaller granules have larger surface area available for noncovalent bonding with the endosperm protein matrix and they also may pack more efficiently, producing harder endosperm. C1 ARS, USDA, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Gaines, CS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 32 TC 35 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 77 IS 2 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.2.163 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 297MJ UT WOS:000086086400016 ER PT J AU Gaines, CS Finney, PL Andrews, LC AF Gaines, CS Finney, PL Andrews, LC TI Developing agreement between very short flow and longer flow test wheat mills SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID QUALITY AB Variations in soft wheat moisture content and kernel texture greatly affected the flour yield produced by a small (short flow) microtest mill (Quadrumat Jr.). An algorithm was developed that adjusted Quadrumat Jr. flour yield to 15% wheat moisture content, precluding the need to temper the wheat before milling. Another algorithm was developed to adjust Quadrumat flour yield relative to a constant softness equivalent (measurement of kernel texture) obtained during the micromilling procedure. Predicting the flour yield of the longer flow Allis-Chalmers mill from Quadrumat Jr. unadjusted flour yield (R-2 = 0.55) was compared with predicting Allis-Chalmers flour yield from the Quadrumat Jr. adjusted flour yield (R-2 = 0.90) across five diverse confirmation data sets. An algorithm to adjust flour yield for softness equivalent was individually developed for soft and hard wheats. Representative micromilling flour yield and softness equivalent data could be produced using as little as 10 g of untempered wheat and approximate to 3 min of operator time. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Gaines, CS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 77 IS 2 BP 187 EP 192 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.2.187 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 297MJ UT WOS:000086086400020 ER PT J AU Mehra, S Singh, V Tumbleson, ME Eckhoff, SR AF Mehra, S Singh, V Tumbleson, ME Eckhoff, SR TI Effect of mill plate setting and number of dynamic steeping stages for an intermittent milling and dynamic steeping (IMDS) process for corn SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Effect of corn degermination mill parameters (clearance between mill plates and rpm) were assessed on the broken germ and number of whole kernels in mash so as to optimize the cracking procedure for the intermittent milling and dynamic steeping (IMDS) process. The dynamic steep time and number of intermittent milling stages for the IMDS process were also optimized for maximum starch recovery. A comparison was made between the IMDS and the conventional steeping process for fraction yields. A clearance of 0.45-0.48 cm between the plates gave the most optimum processing conditions (minimum broken germ and least amount of whole kernels in mash after cracking). Effect of rpm on germ damage and kernel cracking was not significant when optimum clearance between the degermination plates was maintained. Two stages of intermittent milling with a dynamic steep time of 30 min or higher was recommended because it produced the highest yield of starch and germ. Comparison of the IMDS process with the conventional wet-milling process showed that starch and gluten yield increased by 1.6 and 4.26%, respectively, in the IMDS process. Germ recovered from the IMDS process was 0.54% lower than that from the conventional steeping process. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 77 IS 2 BP 209 EP 212 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.2.209 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 297MJ UT WOS:000086086400023 ER PT J AU Ammar, K Kronstad, WE Morris, CF AF Ammar, K Kronstad, WE Morris, CF TI Breadmaking quality of selected durum wheat genotypes and its relationship with high molecular weight glutenin subunits allelic variation and gluten protein polymeric composition SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STATISTICAL CORRELATIONS; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; CANADIAN DURUM; FLOUR PROTEINS; ATTRIBUTES; SONICATION; STRENGTH; QUANTITY AB Twenty-seven durum wheat genotypes originating from different geographical areas, all expressing LMW-2 at Glu-B3, and five bread wheats were evaluated for flour mixing properties, dough physical characteristics. and baking performance. Gluten polymeric composition was studied using size-exclusion HPLC of unreduced flour protein extracts. As a group, durum wheats had poorer baking quality than bread wheats in spite of higher protein and total polymer concentrations. Durum wheats exhibited weaker gluten characteristics, which could generally be attributed to a reduced proportion of SDS-unextractable polymer, and produced less extensible doughs than did bread wheats. However, substantial variation in breadmaking quality attributes was observed among durum genotypes. C1 Oregon State Univ, Crop & Soil Sci Dept Crop Sci 225, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Crop & Soil Sci Dept Crop Sci 231, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Ammar, K (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Crop & Soil Sci Dept Crop Sci 225, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 38 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 77 IS 2 BP 230 EP 236 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.2.230 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 297MJ UT WOS:000086086400027 ER PT J AU Bettge, AD Morris, CF AF Bettge, AD Morris, CF TI Relationships among grain hardness, pentosan fractions, and end-use quality of wheat SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID KERNEL HARDNESS; PUROINDOLINE-B; ENDOSPERM; FRIABILIN; STARCH; FLOUR; TEXTURE; LIPIDS; SPREAD; CROSS AB Grain texture (hardness) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major determinant of end-usage. Variation in grain texture can be conceptually assigned to the two major hardness classes that result from the action of one major gene (Hardness) or to as-yet undetermined factors contributing to residual variation within hardness classes. Identifying the physicochemical basis of both sources of texture variation could provide a means of better controlling or manipulating this quality trait. Pursuant to this objective, the role of pentosans was examined. Pentosan fractions (membrane-associated, total, and soluble) were isolated from 13 hard and 13 soft wheat samples and their flours. Among the hard wheat samples, pentosans had a minimal role in modifying grain hardness. However, among the soft wheat samples, pentosans appeared to have a significant hardness-modifying effect that carried over into end-use quality. Among the soft wheat samples, pentosan fractions, along with wheat protein, accounted for 53-76% of the variation in grain texture, depending on the method used to quantify texture. Membrane-associated pentosans were the most influential single parameter in modeling grain texture for the soft wheat samples. Membrane-associated pentosans were most influential in accounting for variation (69%) in alkaline water retention capacity. Total pentosans, together with flour protein, accounted for 87% of the variation in cookie diameter for soft wheat samples, with the total pentosan fraction being the more influential. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil E E202, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Bettge, AD (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil E E202, POB 646394, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 27 TC 67 Z9 94 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 77 IS 2 BP 241 EP 247 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.2.241 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 297MJ UT WOS:000086086400029 ER PT J AU Sayaslan, A Chung, OK Seib, PA Seitz, LM AF Sayaslan, A Chung, OK Seib, PA Seitz, LM TI Volatile compounds in five starches SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GRANULES; LIPIDS AB Volatile compounds in commercial wheat, corn, potato, waxy corn. and tapioca starches and in laboratory-prepared wheat, corn, and potato starches were collected, separated, and identified by a purge and trap concentrator (P&T) interfaced to a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a Fourier transform infrared detector (FTIRD) and a mass selective detector (MSD). Hexanal was the most abundant compound in the torn and potato starches and in the laboratory-prepared wheat starch as determined by total ion chromatogram (TIC) peak areas. Hexanal was the third most abundant compound in commercial wheat starch after 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and benzaldehyde. Among the volatile organics, the level of aldehydes was the highest, followed by alcohols, ketones, benzenes, esters, and terpenes. Specific compounds identified, the majority of which appear to be degradation products of lipid peroxidation, include hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, benzaldehyde, 2-propanone, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, methylbenzene, and tetradecane. Waxy corn starch, which released a substantially higher level of total volatiles than all other starches, contained large amounts of pentyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, benzyl, and isobornyl acetates; and citronella and 1,8-cineole. Tapioca starch contained few volatiles but did contain an increased level of 2-propanol. No alcohols occurred in the commercial corn starch. Terpene compounds were detected only in commercial potato, waxy corn, and tapioca starches. Many volatiles detected in wheal and corn starches also were detected in the kernels of their commercial samples. C1 ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Chung, OK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 77 IS 2 BP 248 EP 253 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2000.77.2.248 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 297MJ UT WOS:000086086400030 ER PT J AU Sottong, PR Rosebrock, JA Britz, JA Kramer, TR AF Sottong, PR Rosebrock, JA Britz, JA Kramer, TR TI Measurement of T-lymphocyte responses in whole-blood cultures using newly synthesized DNA and ATP SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The proliferative response is most frequently determined by estimating the amount of [H-3]thymidine incorporated into newly synthesized DNA. The [H-3]thymidine procedure requires the use of radioisotopes as well as lengthy periods of incubation (>72 h). An alternative method of assessing T-lymphocyte activation in whole-blood cultures involves the measurement of the nucleotide ATP instead of [H-3]thymidine incorporation. In addition, the Luminetics assay of T-cell activation measures specific T-lymphocyte subset responses through the use of paramagnetic particles coated with monoclonal antibodies against CD antigens. This assay permits rapid (24 h) analysis of lymphocyte subset activation responses to mitogens and recall antigens in small amounts of blood. C1 Cylex Inc, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. ImmTech Inc, New Windsor, MD 21762 USA. USDA, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. RP Sottong, PR (reprint author), Cylex Inc, 8970 Old Annapolis Rd, Columbia, MD 21045 USA. NR 10 TC 54 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 7 IS 2 BP 307 EP 311 DI 10.1128/CDLI.7.2.307-311.2000 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 290VT UT WOS:000085699100029 PM 10702511 ER PT J AU Bagley, PJ Selhub, J AF Bagley, PJ Selhub, J TI Analysis of folate form distribution by affinity followed by reversed-phase chromatography with electrochemical detection SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LACTOBACILLUS-CASEI; CHOLINE DEFICIENCY; LIVER; RAT; TISSUES; GENE; ACID AB Background: Naturally occurring folates exist in multiple forms, differing in pteridine ring structure and number of glutamate residues. The ability to measure these folate coenzymes in tissues and cells gives important information about in vivo folate metabolism. Methods: Folates were heat-extracted from biological samples. A two-column HPLC system with four-channel coulometric electrochemical detection was used for analysis. An affinity column was used first to purify folates from the extract. Purified folates were eluted from the affinity column onto a phenyl analytical column, utilizing a switching valve, and folate forms were separated using an acetonitrile gradient. Results: Folate forms differing in pteridine ring structure and number of glutamate chain residues were identified by retention time and characteristic response across the channels of the detector. Folates were quantified by comparison to an external calibration mixture. Limits of detection for pentaglutamyl folates ranged from 0.21 pmol for tetrahydrofolate to 0.41 pmol for 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. CVs (n = 5) for peaks containing 9-67 pmol of folate were 0.6-6.4% (within day) and 5.2-8.4% (between days). CVs (n = 5) for peaks containing 0.9-3.5 pmol folate were 5.7-16% (within day) and 8.4-13% (between days). Conclusions: This automated HPLC system allows the simultaneous determination of polyglutamyl forms of folates from biological samples, including tetrahydrofolate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, formylated folates, and pteroylglutamate. The low detection limits allow analysis of folate form distribution in human samples such as erythrocytes and lymphocytes. (C) 2000 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Bagley, PJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vitamin Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Bagley, Pamela/N-1906-2015 OI Bagley, Pamela/0000-0002-1214-7814 NR 17 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 46 IS 3 BP 404 EP 411 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 293JM UT WOS:000085848400014 PM 10702529 ER PT J AU Arslan, S Inanc, F Gray, JN Colvin, TS AF Arslan, S Inanc, F Gray, JN Colvin, TS TI Grain flow measurements with X-ray techniques SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE precision farming; X-ray; yield monitoring; yield sensor AB The use of low energy X-rays, up to 30 keV, densitometry is demonstrated for grain flow rate measurements through laboratory experiments. Mass flow rates for corn were related to measured X-ray intensity in gray scale units with a 0.99 correlation coefficient for flow rates ranging from 2 to 6 kg/s. Larger flow rate values can be measured by using higher energy or a higher tube current. Measurements were done in real time at a 30 Hz sampling rate. Flow rate measurements are relatively independent of grain moisture due to a negligible change in the X-ray attenuation coefficients at typical moisture content values from 15 to 25%. Grain flow profile changes did not affect measurement accuracy. X-rays easily capture variations in the corn thickness profile. Due to the low energy of the X-ray photons, biological shielding can be accomplished with 2-mm-thick lead foil or 5 mm of steel. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Inanc, F (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat, ASC 2, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Arslan, Selcuk/R-8043-2016 NR 22 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 26 IS 1 BP 65 EP 80 DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(00)00074-0 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 299QM UT WOS:000086209400005 ER PT J AU Guzman, PS Lamkey, KR AF Guzman, PS Lamkey, KR TI Effective population size and genetic variability in the BS11 maize population SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RECIPROCAL RECURRENT SELECTION; FOUNDER EVENTS; VARIANCE; EPISTASIS; BSSS AB Use of adequate effective population size in maize (Zea mays L.) recurrent selection programs is important because of random genetic drift and inbreeding depression. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the performance of the BS11 Cycle 0 (C0) and the BS11 Cycle 5 (C5) populations from four S-1-progeny selection programs each with a different effective population size (5, 10, 20, or 30) but with a common selection intensity of 20%, and (ii) compare the additive genetic variance among the C0 and C5 populations. Five cycles of selection were conducted by intermating 5, 10, 20, or 30 lines. One hundred thirty C5 S-1 lines from each of the selected populations (i.e., C5-5, C5-10, C5-20, and C5-30) and 100 C0 S-1 lines were topcrossed to BS11 C0. The resulting half-sib progenies were evaluated at five environments in a replications-within-sets incomplete block design. The four selection programs resulted in significant increases in grain yield, reduced grain moisture, and reduced root and stalk lodging. For yield, the 10-S-1 program showed the highest gain cycle(-1) of 0.16 Mg ha(-1) followed by the 30-S-1 program with 0.13 Mg ha(-1) cycle(-1) The 5-S-1 program had a higher gain cycle(-1) than the 20-S-1 program. The additive genetic variance for yield did not change significantly. Heritability for yield was highest for C5-20, but no significant differences were observed among populations. These results suggest little to no advantage of using larger effective population sizes to maintain genetic variability for short-term recurrent selection. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Philippines, Dept Agron, Laguna, Philippines. RP Lamkey, KR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 38 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 338 EP 346 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300005 ER PT J AU Shafer, GS Burson, BL Hussey, MA AF Shafer, GS Burson, BL Hussey, MA TI Stigma receptivity and seed set in protogynous buffelgrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID APOMICTIC BUFFELGRASS; FERTILIZATION AB Buffelgrass, Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link syn = Cenchrus ciliaris L., is an important warm-season perennial forage grass that is widely grown throughout the arid tropics. It has perfect florets, and emasculation is thought to be required to produce controlled hybrids. This is a tedious, difficult undertaking because of the small floret size. The flowering behavior of buffelgrass is such that the stigmas are exserted from the floret prior to anthesis, which is referred to here as the protogynous interval. This investigation was conducted to determine the duration of the protogynous interval in 447 buffelgrass accessions and to ascertain stigma receptivity during the protogynous intervals. Protogynous intervals in a field nursery near College Station, TX, for all accessions ranged from 1 to 4 d. Six accessions with protogynous intervals ranging from 1 to 3 d were used to investigate stigma receptivity under both self- and cross-pollinated conditions in a greenhouse. Pollen germination and tube growth were observed with fluorescent microscopy at different time increments following pollination. Across all accessions, pollen germinated within 15 min of contacting the stigma, and pollen tubes grew to the micropyle within 2 to 6 h, depending on the accession and pollen source. Mean seed set ranged from 11 to 76% and from 22 to 80% among accessions following self and cross-pollination, respectively. This investigation revealed that variation exists for protogynous interval within buffelgrass, and the stigmas are receptive when exserted from the floret and remain receptive throughout duration of the protogynous interval regardless of whether it occurs 3, 2, or 1 d prior to anthesis. These findings demonstrate that protogyny can be used to produced controlled hybrids in sexual buffelgrass without emasculation. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Heep Ctr 430, USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Burson, BL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Heep Ctr 430, USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 391 EP 397 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300014 ER PT J AU Stombaugh, SK Jung, HG Orf, JH Somers, DA AF Stombaugh, SK Jung, HG Orf, JH Somers, DA TI Genotypic and environmental variation in soybean seed cell wall polysaccharides SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed cell wall polysaccharides (CWP) have been characterized, but little is known about their genotypic variation. This information would be beneficial for determining genetic strategies for manipulating CWP content and composition. Seed CWP was determined by the Uppsala total dietary fiber method to quantify monosaccharides of CWP in 14 soybean genotypes from Maturity Groups 00 to I grown at four Minnesota locations. CWP concentration of mature whole seed varied from 158 to 176 g/kg dry matter (DM). Genotypic but not environmental effects were significant for total CWP concentration. For individual monosaccharide concentrations, both genotypic and environmental effects were present. Seed of five genotypes were separated into cotyledon and seed coat for CWP analysis. Genotypic variation for CWP concentration was mostly in cotyledon and not seed coat. Pectin was mostly in cotyledon rather than seed coat with 80.8 and 14.6 g pectin/kg of whole seed DM in cotyledon and seed coat, respectively. Only xylose, glucose, galactose, and uronic acid concentrations were significantly different among genotypes in cotyledon. The correlation between CWP concentration and protein plus oil concentration among the 14 genotypes was r = -0.724, which suggests that an increase in protein plus oil content is associated with a reduction of CWP concentration. The genotypic variation observed suggests that it is possible to breed for reduced CWP. However, genotypic variation for some monosaccharides was limited, suggesting that other methods of genetic manipulation may be more efficient in reducing these monosaccharides. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Somers, DA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 408 EP 412 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300017 ER PT J AU Ferrufino, A Smyth, TJ Israel, DW Carter, TE AF Ferrufino, A Smyth, TJ Israel, DW Carter, TE TI Root elongation of soybean genotypes in response to acidity constraints in a subsurface solution compartment SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM TOLERANCE; PLANT INTRODUCTION; LIMED SOIL; CALCIUM; GROWTH; TOXICITY; RHIZOTOXICITY; REGISTRATION; SPECIATION; INHIBITION AB Aluminum-tolerant germplasm Is needed to overcome subsurface acidity constraints to root growth and plant access to water and nutrients. Root elongation of four soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes exposed to varying concentrations of Al, H, and Ca were compared in two experiments using a vertically split root system. Roots extending from a limed surface soil compartment grew for 12 d into a subsurface compartment with nutrient solution treatments. In Exp. 1 root growth for cv. Ransom and Plant Introduction 416937 (PI) were compared in solutions with factorial combinations of pH (4.2, 5.2) and Al (0, 7.5, 15 mu M) with Ca maintained at 10 mM. In Exp. 2 soybean line N93-S-179 (N93), PI, and cultivars Ransom and Young were compared in solutions with factorial combinations of Ca (2 and 10 mM) and Al (7.5 and 15 mu M) maintained at pH 4.6. Ransom and PI had similar responses in tap and lateral root elongation to solution pH and Al treatments in Exp. 1, but mean tap root length of Ransom in the subsurface compartment exceeded that of PI by 22%. Aluminum inhibited the length of lateral roots more than tap roots in both experiments. Molar activity ratios between Ca and Al3+ {Ca/Al3+} accounted for most of the differences in root elongation response among solution treatments in Exp. 2. A 50% reduction in relative length of tap roots for all genotypes occurred with a {Ca/Al3+} value of 891. Values of {Ca/Al3+} for 50% reductions in relative length of lateral roots differed among genotypes and were 1.6 to 3.5 times greater than for tap roots. On the basis of the {Ca/Al3+} indices for lateral root length, line N93 and Ransom exhibited greater tolerance to subsurface solution Al than PI and Young. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. PRAEDAC, Cochabamba, Bolivia. RP Smyth, TJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 413 EP 421 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300018 ER PT J AU Garcia-Diaz, CA Steiner, JJ AF Garcia-Diaz, CA Steiner, JJ TI Birdsfoot trefoil seed production: II. Plant-water status on reproductive development and seed yield SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REQUIREMENTS; IRRIGATION; COMPONENTS; ALFALFA AB Forage legume seed crop responses to water stress differ for each species, so a single optimal water management strategy is not applicable. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of irrigation timing and replenishment amount on birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) reproduction and seed yield in the Willamette Valley of western Oregon, USA. Six treatments varying in water depletion percentage and replenishment amount were applied in 1994 and 1995 on a Woodburn silt loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Aquultic Argixeroll) near Corvallis. In 1996, only a low stress (LS) that met the weekly crop evapotranspirative demand and a non-irrigated control (C) treatment were investigated. In the first year of production, maintaining plants under low-stress conditions sustained flowering longer than with limited or no irrigation. Flowering was not affected by irrigation in the subsequent two production years. Total above-ground phytomass was correlated with the amount of irrigation water (r = 0.92). The C and all single application treatments had greater seed yields (SY) than the LS treatment in 1994. In 1995, all single application treatments had greater SY than the LS treatment. There was no difference between LS and C in 1995 and 1996. Umbel density and the number of seeds per pod were the primary determinants of total seed yield (r = 0.77 and 0.92, respectively). Optimal total seed production was achieved without supplemental irrigation under the humid temperate marine climatic conditions found in western Oregon. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Inst Nacl Invest Forestales & Agropecuarias, Mexico City 20660, DF, Mexico. RP Steiner, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 449 EP 456 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300023 ER PT J AU Garcia-Diaz, CA Steiner, JJ AF Garcia-Diaz, CA Steiner, JJ TI Birdsfoot trefoil seed production: III. Seed shatter and optimal harvest time SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Seed shattering is a major problem in birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) seed production and limited information is available describing the effects of agronomic practices on shatter losses. The objectives of this research were to: (i) quantify the effects of soil-water availability on seed shatter and (ii) determine optimal harvest time on the basis of a heat unit method to minimize birdsfoot trefoil seed losses under western Oregon climatic conditions. Six treatments varying In water depletion percentage and replenishment amount were applied in 1994 and 1995 and two treatments in 1996 on a Woodburn silt loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Aquultic Argixeroll) near Corvallis, OR. The total amount of shattered seeds was correlated with total harvested seed yield (r = 0.93), Crop water stress index (CWSI) was inversely related to the percentage of seeds shattered (r = - 0.76), Increasing amounts of applied water increased the potential of seed field shattered (r = 0.65). Seed shatter losses fluctuated during the late-reproductive period, but were not influenced by irrigation or fluctuating climatic conditions, A total of 109 heat units (approximately 11 d), which were determined on the basis of a 10 degrees C base temperature, were accumulated from the time of initial pod dehiscence until rapid seed shattering. The average seed yield losses due to shattering was 3 to 5.3 kg ha(=) d(=1). The non-irrigated control treatment generally produced more seeds than irrigated treatments. it is, thus, best not to irrigate birdsfoot trefoil grown for seed in western Oregon because increasing amounts of irrigation water increased seed shattering. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Inst Nacl Invest Forestales & Agropecuarias, Mexico City 20660, DF, Mexico. RP Steiner, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 457 EP 462 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300024 ER PT J AU Bianchi-Hall, CM Carter, TE Bailey, MA Mian, MAR Rufty, TW Ashley, DA Boerma, HR Arellano, C Hussey, RS Parrott, WA AF Bianchi-Hall, CM Carter, TE Bailey, MA Mian, MAR Rufty, TW Ashley, DA Boerma, HR Arellano, C Hussey, RS Parrott, WA TI Aluminum tolerance associated with quantitative trait loci derived from soybean PI 416937 in hydroponics SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MAX L MERRILL; PLANT INTRODUCTION; SCREENING METHODS; SOLUTION CULTURE; DIALLEL ANALYSIS; SEED PROTEIN; ROOT-GROWTH; OIL CONTENT; MARKERS; SOIL AB Acid soils with high levels of Al impede root growth, causing increased crop sensitivity to drought and decreased nutrient acquisition. Development of Al-tolerant cultivars may be a cost effective response to the problem. In previous investigations, we identified an Al-tolerant soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plant introduction from Japan (PI 416937), and subsequently determined the heritability of the trait in a cross with Young, a highly productive Al-sensitive cultivar. The objective of the present study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) which condition Al tolerance by a genetic linkage map of 155 restriction fragment Length polymorphism (RFLP) marker loci and a hydroponics-based Al response. The 120 F-4-derived progeny from Young X PI 416937 were divided into four sets and evaluated with the parents for tap root extension in 0 and 2 mu M Al3+ activity solutions (NOAL and DIAL, respectively) employing Al levels as whole plots in a split-plot experimental design. Aluminum tolerance was defined as (i) root extension under DIAL conditions, and (ii) root extension as a percentage of control [PC = (HIAL/NOAL) X 100]. Multiple regression analysis revealed five QTL from independent linkage groups which conditioned root extension under HIAL stress. Three of the five QTL were also detected by PC as the expression of Al tolerance. While most alleles for Al tolerance were derived from the AI-tolerant parent, PI 416937, a RFLP allele from Young (for marker EV2-1) improved Al tolerance expressed as PC and exhibited a similar trend under DIAL stress. At present, it is not known whether the Al tolerance gene from Young, in combination with those from PI 416937, will raise Al tolerance beyond that now observed in the PI. One allele for Al tolerance from PI 416937 (for marker B122-1) may be difficult to capitalize upon, agronomically, because of its association with a detrimental pod dehiscence factor. Further experimentation is needed to distinguish between linkage and pleiotropic effects near this marker. A favorable epistatic effect for Al tolerance was detected between two alleles from the PI 416937. The relationships revealed by marker analysis indicated that marker-facilitated selection may be a viable approach in the breeding of Al-tolerant soybean. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Carter, TE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM tommy_carter@ncsu.edu NR 44 TC 33 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X EI 1435-0653 J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 538 EP 545 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300037 ER PT J AU Hartman, GL Gardner, ME Hymowitz, T Naidoo, GC AF Hartman, GL Gardner, ME Hymowitz, T Naidoo, GC TI Evaluation of perennial Glycine species for resistance to soybean fungal pathogens that cause Sclerotinia stem rot and sudden death syndrome SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM-SOLANI; INTERSUBGENERIC HYBRIDS; TOMENTELLA HAYATA; GENUS GLYCINE; MAX; ROOTS AB The cultivated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has a relatively narrow genetic base and most commercial cultivars are susceptible to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary and Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. glycines, which, respectively cause Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) and sudden death syndrome (SDS). The objective of this study was to screen all the available accessions of the perennial Glycine species for resistance to the pathogens that cause SSR and SDS. For SSR evaluations, five seedlings of each of 787 accessions were screened once in a series of eight non-replicated runs. Seedlings were inoculated with an agar plug cut from the edge of a 1-d-old fungal culture by placing the plug next to the stem. Of the 787 accessions, 183 had partial resistance with 144 of these accessions being G. tabacina (Labill.) Benth. A selected set of 53 accessions was further screened in two replicated trials with five plants per each of four replications. Glycine tabacina had several accessions that were consistently rated as partially resistant. For SDS evaluations, five plants of each of 767 accessions were screened once in a series of eight runs. Plants were inoculated by a layered technique in which infested sorghum seed were placed below the transplanted seedlings. In the initial evaluation of 767 accessions, 134 had partial resistance with 65 of these accessions being G. tomentella Hayata. In a replicated set of selected accessions, G. tomentella had several accessions that were consistently rated as partially resistant. These perennial Glycine species represent potential untapped sources for improving disease resistance in soybean. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dep Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hartman, GL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, 1101 W Peabody, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 26 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 545 EP 549 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300038 ER PT J AU Ohm, HW Cook, VM Shaner, GE Buechley, GC Sharma, H Perry, KL Ratcliffe, RH Cambron, SE AF Ohm, HW Cook, VM Shaner, GE Buechley, GC Sharma, H Perry, KL Ratcliffe, RH Cambron, SE TI Registration of 'Jay' spring oat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Dept Agron, Spencer, IA 51301 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ohm, HW (reprint author), Dept Agron, Spencer, IA 51301 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 569 EP 569 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300041 ER PT J AU Kelly, JD Hosfield, GL Varner, GV Uebersax, MA Taylor, J AF Kelly, JD Hosfield, GL Varner, GV Uebersax, MA Taylor, J TI Registration of 'phantom' black bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Michigan State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan Dry Bean Prod Res Advisory Board, Saginaw, MI 48603 USA. RP Kelly, JD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dep Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 1 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 572 EP 572 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300045 ER PT J AU Allen, FL Qian, D Young, LD Landau-Ellis, D Pantalone, VR AF Allen, FL Qian, D Young, LD Landau-Ellis, D Pantalone, VR TI Registration of 'TN 5-95' soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Tennessee, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. USDA ARS, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. RP Pantalone, VR (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dep Plant & Soil Sci, POB 1071, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 575 EP 576 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300050 ER PT J AU Shine, JM Deren, CW Tai, PYP Miller, JD Glaz, B Comstock, JC AF Shine, JM Deren, CW Tai, PYP Miller, JD Glaz, B Comstock, JC TI Registration of 'CP 88-1540' sugarcane SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. Florida Sugar Cane League Inc, Clewiston, FL USA. Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. RP Miller, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 576 EP 576 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300051 ER PT J AU Tai, PYP Glaz, B Deren, CW Shine, JM Miller, JD Comstock, JC AF Tai, PYP Glaz, B Deren, CW Shine, JM Miller, JD Comstock, JC TI Registration of 'CP 88-1834' Sugarcane SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. Florida Sugar Cane League Inc, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. RP Miller, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 576 EP 577 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300052 ER PT J AU Glaz, B Miller, JD Deren, CW Tai, PYP Shine, JM Comstock, JC AF Glaz, B Miller, JD Deren, CW Tai, PYP Shine, JM Comstock, JC TI Registration of 'CP 89-2143' Sugarcane SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. Florida Sugar Cane League Inc, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. RP Miller, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. NR 3 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 577 EP 577 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300053 ER PT J AU Miller, JD Deren, CW Glaz, B Shine, JM Tai, PYP Comstock, JC AF Miller, JD Deren, CW Glaz, B Shine, JM Tai, PYP Comstock, JC TI Registration of 'CP 89-2377' Sugarcane SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. Univ Florida, Everglades Res & Educ Ctr, Belle Glade, FL 33430 USA. Florida Sugar Cane League Inc, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. RP Miller, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 577 EP 578 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300054 ER PT J AU Allan, RE Morris, CF Line, RF Anderson, JA Walker-Simmons, MK Donaldson, E AF Allan, RE Morris, CF Line, RF Anderson, JA Walker-Simmons, MK Donaldson, E TI Registration of 'Coda' club wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Allan, RE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, POB 646420, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 578 EP 579 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300056 ER PT J AU Ohm, HW Shaner, GE Ratcliffe, RH Huber, DM Sharma, H Perry, KL Buechley, GC Cambron, SE AF Ohm, HW Shaner, GE Ratcliffe, RH Huber, DM Sharma, H Perry, KL Buechley, GC Cambron, SE TI Registration of 'Goldfield' wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ohm, HW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 581 EP 582 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300059 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, MR Fairbrother, TE Rowe, DE AF McLaughlin, MR Fairbrother, TE Rowe, DE TI Registration of B1, B2, B3, and B4 berseem clover germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP McLaughlin, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 582 EP 583 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300061 ER PT J AU Fairbrother, TE McLaughlin, MR Rowe, DE AF Fairbrother, TE McLaughlin, MR Rowe, DE TI Registration of BYMVRB berseem clover germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Fairbrother, TE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 583 EP 584 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300062 ER PT J AU Williams, WP Davis, FM AF Williams, WP Davis, FM TI Registration of maize germplasms Mp713 and Mp714 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Williams, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn Host Plant Resistance Res Unit, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 2 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 584 EP 584 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300063 ER PT J AU Halloin, JM Saunders, JW Theurer, JC McGrath, JM AF Halloin, JM Saunders, JW Theurer, JC McGrath, JM TI Registration of EL51 sugarbeet germplasm with resistance to Rhizoctonia crown and root rot SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Saunders, JW (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 586 EP 587 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300066 ER PT J AU Seiler, GJ AF Seiler, GJ TI Registration of ten interspecific germplasms derived from wild perennial sunflower SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Seiler, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 587 EP 588 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300067 ER PT J AU Miller, JF Dominguez, J AF Miller, JF Dominguez, J TI Registration of seven orobanche resistant sunflower germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Agr Res Ctr, CIFA, Dept Breeding & Agron, Cordoba 14080, Spain. RP Miller, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RI DOMINGUEZ, JUAN/J-1466-2012 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 588 EP 588 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300068 ER PT J AU Lukaszewski, AJ Porter, DR Antonelli, EF Dubcovsky, J AF Lukaszewski, AJ Porter, DR Antonelli, EF Dubcovsky, J TI Registration of UCRBW98-1 and UCRBW98-2 wheat germplasms with leaf rust and greenbug resistance genes SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRANSLOCATION C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, ARS, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. INTA, Inst Genet, RA-1712 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lukaszewski, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RI Dubcovsky, Jorge/A-4969-2008 OI Dubcovsky, Jorge/0000-0002-7571-4345 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 590 EP 590 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300070 ER PT J AU Hanna, WW Gates, RN AF Hanna, WW Gates, RN TI Registration of sorghum parental lines A(1)/B-1 tift 98bmr SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Hanna, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 592 EP 592 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 355VY UT WOS:000089410300072 ER PT J AU Chang, YJ Barker, RE Reed, BM AF Chang, YJ Barker, RE Reed, BM TI Cold acclimation improves recovery of cryopreserved grass (Zoysia and Lolium sp.) SO CRYO-LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cold acclimation; dehydration tolerance; ryegrass; genetic resources; liquid nitrogen; meristem; zoysiagrass ID SUBSEQUENT PLANT-REGENERATION; SHOOT TIPS; MERISTEMS; CELLS; VITRIFICATION; SURVIVAL; DEHYDRATION AB Cold acclimation of Lolium L. and Zoysia Willd. grass cultivars significantly increased regrowth of cryopreserved meristems. One wk of cold acclimation improved recovery following cryopreservation but extended cold acclimation (4-8 wk) resulted in the best regrowth. Cold acclimation also significantly increased the dehydration tolerance of both Zoysia and Lolium meristems. Lolium apices cold acclimated for 4 wk produced 60-100% regrowth following cryopreservation by slow freezing or encapsulation-dehydration. Cold-acclimated Zoysia had greater than 60% regrowth following encapsulation-dehydration when beads were dehydrated to less than 22% water content. Non-acclimated meristems of both genera had little or no regrowth. Thawed meristems grew quickly without callus formation and the plantlets produced were transplanted to pots in the greenhouse after 4 to 6 wk. Samples of each cultivar were stored in liquid nitrogen as part of the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Reed, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 35 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRYO LETTERS PI LONDON PA C/O ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, ROYAL COLLEGE ST, LONDON NW1 0TU, ENGLAND SN 0143-2044 J9 CRYO-LETT JI Cryo-Lett. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 21 IS 2 BP 107 EP 116 PG 10 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 305AQ UT WOS:000086517000007 ER PT J AU Pukazhenthi, B Noiles, E Pelican, K Donoghue, A Wildt, D Howard, J AF Pukazhenthi, B Noiles, E Pelican, K Donoghue, A Wildt, D Howard, J TI Osmotic effects on feline spermatozoa from normospermic versus teratospermic donors SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE feline; sperm; osmolality; membrane integrity ID WATER PERMEABILITY COEFFICIENT; ACTIVATION-ENERGY; DOMESTIC CATS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; FROZEN SPERMATOZOA; SWIM-UP; SPERM; CAPACITATION; FERTILIZATION; MORPHOLOGY AB Effects of osmolality stresses on the sperm of normospermic (>60% normal sperm/ejaculate) versus teratospermic (<40% normal sperm) domestic cats and the normospermic leopard cat and the teratospermic clouded leopard were studied. Spermatozoa were exposed to various anisotonic solutions in a single step or returned to near isotonic conditions in a single step after exposure to anisotonic solutions. The percentage of sperm motility was measured subjectively, and dual fluorescent stains were used to assess membrane integrity by flow cytometry. The percentage of sperm motility declined (P < 0.05) in domestic cat sperm exposed to osmolalities <200 and >450 mOsm. Spermatozoa from ail felines underwent marked (P < 0.05) membrane disruption following a hypotonic stress, but sperm from teratospermic donors experienced greater (P < 0.05) membrane disruption in response to decreased osmolality. While feline spermatozoa appeared to be highly resistant to hypertonic (600, 1200, and 2400 mOsm) conditions, with >85% of the cells maintaining intact membranes, severe membrane disruption occurred when cells were returned to isotonicity in a single step. There was no difference (P > 0.05) between a 1- and 5-min exposure to various anisotonic solutions. Similarly, sperm from normospermic and teratospermic domestic cats responded identically after exposure to ionic or nonionic solute. Results demonstrate that: (1) spermatozoa from teratospermic males are more vulnerable to a hypotonic stress than sperm from normospermic counterparts; (2) in response to small deviations in osmolality, feline sperm experience a more rapid decline in motility than membrane integrity; and (3) an abrupt return to isotonicity after a hypertonic stress causes extensive sperm membrane damage regardless of ejaculate quality. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pukazhenthi, B (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Reprod Physiol Program, 3001 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [K01RR00135] NR 39 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD MAR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 139 EP 150 DI 10.1006/cryo.2000.2233 PG 12 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 313ZA UT WOS:000087028600006 PM 10788313 ER PT J AU Callaway, TR Russell, JB AF Callaway, TR Russell, JB TI Variations in the ability of ruminal Gram-negative Prevotella species to resist monensin SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BACTEROIDES-RUMINICOLA; CONTINUOUS CULTURE; RUMEN; IONOPHORES; BACTERIA; STRAINS; GROWTH; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCE AB Gram-negative, ruminal Prevotella strains (n = 15) differed greatly in their sensitivity to the feed additive monensin. Strains that were repeatedly transferred with sublethal doses tolerated more monensin than those that were unadapted, but growth experiments indicated that the sensitivity range was as great as 2000-fold. Prevotella bryantii B(1)4 grew with monensin concentrations as high as 20 mu M, but P. ruminicola H15a, D31d, 20-63, E40a, and D42f never initiated growth if monensin was greater than 0.01 mu M. Washed cell, preparations that were energized with glucose lost intracellular potassium when monensin was added, and potassium depletion could also be used as an index of monensin sensitivity. Adapted cells of P. bryantii B(1)4 had a half-maximal potassium depletion constant (K-d) of 3.2 mu M, but the Kd values of P. ruminicola strains H15a, D31d, 20-63, E40a, and D42f were less than 0.04 mu M Maximal potassium depletion (K-max) Values range from 90% to 40%, and monensin-adapted cells always had lower K-max values than unadapted cells. A linear regression of log K-d/K-max versus percentage decrease in optical density divided by monensin concentration had an r(2) of 0.75, and this regression indicated that potassium depletion from washed cells closely correlated with growth inhibition. P. bryantii B(1)4 had a K-d/K-max ratio that was sevenfold greater than other Prevotella strains, and this result indicated that P. bryantii may be unusual in its ability to grow with very high concentrations of monensin. C1 Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 3 BP 185 EP 189 DI 10.1007/s002849910037 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 278TH UT WOS:000085004700008 PM 10679051 ER PT J AU Rang, C Lacey, LA Frutos, R AF Rang, C Lacey, LA Frutos, R TI The crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp thompsoni display a synergistic activity against the codling moth, Cydia pomonella SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DELTA-ENDOTOXIN GENE; SPHAERICUS; EXPRESSION; ISRAELENSIS; TOXIN; INCLUSION; BINDING; OPERON AB Crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thompsoni strain HnC are active against the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, a major pest of orchards. Inclusion bodies purified from strain HnC displayed an LC50 of 3.34 x 10(-3) mu g/mu l. HnC-purified crystals were tenfold more active than Cry2Aa and Cry1Aa toxins, and 100-fold more toxic than Cry1Ab. The 34-kDa and 40-kDa proteins contained in HnC inclusion bodies were shown to act synergistically. The toxicity of crystal proteins produced by the recombinant B. thuringiensis strain BT-OP expressing the full-length native operon was about tenfold higher than that of the 34-kDa protein. When the gene encoding the non-insecticidal 40-kDa protein, which is not active, was introduced into the recombinant strain producing only the 34-kDa protein, the toxicity was raised tenfold and was similar to that of the strain BT-OP. C1 CIRAD, F-34032 Rennes 1, France. ARS, USDA, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Frutos, R (reprint author), CIRAD, Ave Agropolis,BP 5035, F-34032 Rennes 1, France. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 40 IS 3 BP 200 EP 204 DI 10.1007/s002849910040 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 278TH UT WOS:000085004700011 PM 10679054 ER PT J AU Seal, BS King, DJ Sellers, HS AF Seal, BS King, DJ Sellers, HS TI The avian response to Newcastle disease virus SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE avian paramyxovirus; epidemiology; immune response; veterinary virology; mononegavirales; pathogenesis ID VITAMIN-A-DEFICIENCY; HEMAGGLUTININ-NEURAMINIDASE PROTEIN; PARAMYXOVIRUS TYPE-1 INFECTIONS; CYTOKINE GENE-EXPRESSION; NDV FUSION GLYCOPROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; V4 STRAIN; RECOMBINANT HERPESVIRUS; PET BIRDS; PIGEON PARAMYXOVIRUS-1 AB Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is classified as a member of the superfamily Mononegavirales in the family Paramyxoviridae. This virus family is divided into two subfamilies, the Paramyxovirinae and the Pneumovirinae. In 1993 the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses rearranged the order of the Paramyxovirus genus and placed NDV within the Rubulavirus genus among the Paramyxovirinae. The enveloped virus has a negative sense single-stranded RNA genome of 15,186 kb which codes for an RNA directed RNA polymerase, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein, fusion protein, matrix protein, phosphoprotein and nucleoprotein in the 5' to 3' direction. The virus has a wide host range with most orders of birds reported to have been infected by NDV. Isolates are characterized by virulence in chickens and are categorized into three main pathotypes depending on severity of disease. Lentogenic isolates are of low virulence while viruses of intermediate virulence are termed mesogenic. Highly virulent viruses that cause high mortality in birds are termed neurotropic or viscerotropic velogenic. Velogenic NDV are List A pathogens that require reporting to the Office of International Epizootics and outbreaks result in strict trade embargoes. The primary molecular determinant for NDV pathogenicity is the fusion protein cleavage site amino acid sequence. Vaccination for NDV is primarily by mass application of live-virus vaccines among commercial poultry. Although protection is measured by presence of antibodies to NDV, vaccinated B-cell depleted chickens are resistant to disease. Consequently, immune protection involves responses that are presently incompletely defined. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Seal, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 111 TC 85 Z9 100 U1 5 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 24 IS 2-3 BP 257 EP 268 DI 10.1016/S0145-305X(99)00077-4 PG 12 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 299TK UT WOS:000086213800014 PM 10717292 ER PT J AU Suarez, DL Schultz-Cherry, S AF Suarez, DL Schultz-Cherry, S TI Immunology of avian influenza virus: a review SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE antigenic drift; highly pathogenic avian influenza; respiratory; systemic infection; poultry; ducks; hemagglutinin; neuraminidase ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; RECOMBINANT CHICKEN INTERFERON; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; DUCK ANAS-PLATYRHYNCHOS; A VIRUS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; DNA VACCINES; WILD DUCKS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AB Avian influenza virus can cause serious disease in a wide variety of birds and mammals, but its natural host range is in wild ducks, gulls, and shorebirds. Infections in poultry can be inapparent or cause respiratory disease, decreases in production, or a rapidly fatal systemic disease known as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). For the protection of poultry, neutralizing antibody to the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins provide the primary protection against disease. A variety of vaccines elicit neutralizing antibody, including killed whole virus vaccines and fowl-pox recombinant vaccines. Antigenic drift of influenza viruses appears to be less important in causing vaccine failures in poultry as compared to humans. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte response can reduce viral shedding in mildly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, but provides questionable protection against HPAI. Influenza viruses can directly affect the immune response of infected birds, and the role of the Mr gene, interferons, and other cytokines in protection from disease remains unknown. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 137 TC 114 Z9 158 U1 1 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 24 IS 2-3 BP 269 EP 283 DI 10.1016/S0145-305X(99)00078-6 PG 15 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 299TK UT WOS:000086213800015 PM 10717293 ER PT J AU Yun, CH Lillehoj, HS Lillehoj, EP AF Yun, CH Lillehoj, HS Lillehoj, EP TI Intestinal immune responses to coccidiosis SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE coccidiosis; Eimeria; chickens; mucosal immunity; cytokine ID T-CELL RECEPTOR; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; EIMERIA-TENELLA INFECTIONS; INFLAMMATORY BOWEL-DISEASE; CHICKEN INTERFERON-GAMMA; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; INTRA-EPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES; MURINE SMALL-INTESTINE; NECROSIS-LIKE FACTOR; RAT SMALL-INTESTINE AB Intestinal parasitism is a major stress factor leading to malnutrition and lowered performance and production efficiency of livestock and poultry. Coccidiosis is an intestinal infection caused by intracellular protozoan parasites belonging to several different species of Eimeria. Infection with coccidia parasites seriously impairs the growth and feed utilization of chickens and costs the US poultry industry more than $1.5 billion in annual losses. Although acquired immunity to Eimeria develops following natural infection, due to the complex life cycle and intricate host immune response to Eimeria, Vaccine development has been difficult and a better understanding of the basic immunobiology of pertinent host-parasite interactions is necessary for developing effective immunological control strategies against coccidiosis, Chickens infected with Eimeria produce parasite specific antibodies in both the circulation and mucosal secretions but humoral immunity plays only a minor role in protection against this disease. Rather, recent evidence implicates cell-mediated immunity as the major factor conferring resistance to coccidiosis. This review will summarize current understanding of the avian intestinal immune system and its response to Eimeria as well as provide a conceptual overview of the complex molecular and cellular events involved in intestinal immunity to coccidiosis, It is anticipated that increased knowledge of the interaction between parasites and host immunity will stimulate the birth of novel immunological and molecular biological concepts in the control of intestinal parasitism. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Dexall Biomed Labs, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM hlilleho@lpsi.barc.usda.gov OI YUN, Cheol-Heui/0000-0002-0041-2887 NR 163 TC 99 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X EI 1879-0089 J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 24 IS 2-3 BP 303 EP 324 DI 10.1016/S0145-305X(99)00080-4 PG 22 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 299TK UT WOS:000086213800017 PM 10717295 ER PT J AU Wisdom, MJ Mills, LS Doak, DF AF Wisdom, MJ Mills, LS Doak, DF TI Life stage simulation analysis: Estimating vital-rate effects on population growth for conservation SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE demography; Gopherus agassizii (desert tortoise); elasticity; finite rate of increase; life-stage simulation analysis and importance; matrix population models; population growth; sensitivity; species conservation; Tympanuchus cupido (Greater Prairie Chicken); variance and covariance; vital rates ID SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; ELASTICITY ANALYSES; MANAGEMENT; VIABILITY; MODELS; DEMOGRAPHY; METAPOPULATION; PREDICTIONS; PARAMETERS; STRATEGIES AB We developed a simulation method, known as life-stage simulation analysis (LSA) to measure potential effects of uncertainty and variation in vital rates on population growth (lambda) for purposes of species conservation planning. Under LSA, we specify plausible or hypothesized levels of uncertainty, variation, and covariation in vital rates fur a given population. We use these data under resampling simulations to establish random combinations of vital rates for a large number of matrix replicates and finally summarize results from the matrix replicates to estimate potential effects of each vital rate on lambda in a probability-based context. Estimates of potential effects are based on a variety of summary statistics, such as frequency of replicates having the same vital rate of highest elasticity, difference in elasticity values calculated under simulated conditions vs, elasticities calculated using mean invariant vital rates, percentage of replicates having positive population growth, and variation in lambda explained by variation in each vital rate. To illustrate, we applied LSA to viral rates for two vertebrates: desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) and Greater prairie Chicken (Tympanuchus cupido). Results fur the prairie chicken indicated that a single vital rate consistently had greatest effect on population growth. Results for desert tortoise, however, suggested that a variety of life stages could have strong effects on population growth. Additional simulations for the Greater Prairie Chicken under a hypothetical conservation plan also demonstrated that a variety of vital rates could be manipulated to achieve desired population growth. To improve the reliability of inference, we recommend that potential effects of vital rates on lambda be evaluated using a probability-based approach like LSA. LSA is an important complement to other methods that evaluate vital-rate effects on lambda, including classical elasticity analysis, retrospective methods of variance decomposition, and simulation of the effects of environmental stochasticity. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Wildlife Biol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Wisdom, MJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, 1401 Gekeler Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM wisdomm@eou.edu RI Mills, L. Scott/K-2458-2012 OI Mills, L. Scott/0000-0001-8771-509X NR 55 TC 178 Z9 183 U1 8 U2 82 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2000 VL 81 IS 3 BP 628 EP 641 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2000)081[0628:LSSAEV]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 289GD UT WOS:000085611400004 ER PT J AU Canadell, JG Mooney, HA Baldocchi, DD Berry, JA Ehleringer, JR Field, CB Gower, ST Hollinger, DY Hunt, JE Jackson, RB Running, SW Shaver, GR Steffen, W Trumbore, SE Valentini, R Bond, BY AF Canadell, JG Mooney, HA Baldocchi, DD Berry, JA Ehleringer, JR Field, CB Gower, ST Hollinger, DY Hunt, JE Jackson, RB Running, SW Shaver, GR Steffen, W Trumbore, SE Valentini, R Bond, BY TI Carbon metabolism of the terrestrial biosphere: A multitechnique approach for improved understanding SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE biosphere metabolism; carbon cycle; carbon fluxes; global change; terrestrial ecosystems ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; LAND-USE CHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; VEGETATION INDEX; DECIDUOUS FOREST; ELEVATED CO2; DIOXIDE AB Understanding terrestrial carbon metabolism is critical because terrestrial ecosystems play a major role in the global carbon cycle. Furthermore, humans have severely disrupted the carbon cycle in ways that will alter the climate system and directly affect terrestrial metabolism. Changes in terrestrial metabolism may well be as important an indicator of global change as the changing temperature signal. Improving our understanding of the carbon cycle at various spatial and temporal scales will require the integration of multiple, complementary and independent methods that are used by different research communities. Tools such as air sampling networks, inverse numerical methods, and satellite data (top-down approaches) allow us to study the strength and location of the global- and continental-scale carbon sources and sinks. Bottom-up studies provide estimates of carbon fluxes at finer spatial scales and examine the mechanisms that control fluxes at the ecosystem, landscape, and regional scales. Bottom-up approaches include comparative and process studies (for example, ecosystem manipulative experiments) that provide the necessary mechanistic information to develop and validate terrestrial biospheric models. An iteration and reiteration of top-down and bottom-up approaches will be necessary to help constrain measurements at various scales. We propose a major international effort to coordinate and lead research programs of global scope of the carbon cycle. C1 CSIRO Wildlife & Ecol, GCTE Int Project Off, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Ecosyst Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Forest Ecosyst Ecol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Landcare Res, Lincoln, New Zealand. Duke Univ, Dept Bot, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Royal Swedish Acad Sci, IGBP Secretariat, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Univ Tuscia, Dept Forest Sci & Environm, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Canadell, JG (reprint author), CSIRO Wildlife & Ecol, GCTE Int Project Off, POB 284, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. RI Steffen, Will/C-7651-2011; Canadell, Josep/E-9419-2010; Valentini, Riccardo/D-1226-2010; Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Trumbore, Susan/B-1948-2013; Baldocchi, Dennis/A-1625-2009 OI Canadell, Josep/0000-0002-8788-3218; Valentini, Riccardo/0000-0002-6756-5634; Baldocchi, Dennis/0000-0003-3496-4919 NR 82 TC 158 Z9 192 U1 1 U2 32 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 3 IS 2 BP 115 EP 130 DI 10.1007/s100210000014 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 314RP UT WOS:000087071600001 ER PT J AU Silver, WL Neff, J McGroddy, M Veldkamp, E Keller, M Cosme, R AF Silver, WL Neff, J McGroddy, M Veldkamp, E Keller, M Cosme, R TI Effects of soil texture on belowground carbon and nutrient storage in a lowland Amazonian forest ecosystem SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE roots; soil carbon; century model; soil texture; biogeochemistry; tropics ID ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; FINE ROOT BIOMASS; TROPICAL FOREST; NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; COSTA-RICA; MAUNA-LOA; SUCCESSION; MODELS; HAWAII AB Soil texture plays a key role in belowground C storage in forest ecosystems and strongly influences nutrient availability and retention, particularly in highly weathered soils. We used field data and the Century ecosystem model to explore the role of soil texture in belowground C storage, nutrient pool sizes, and N fluxes in highly weathered soils in an Amazonian forest ecosystem. Our field results showed that sandy soils stored approximately 113 Mg C ha(-1) to a I-m depth versus 101 Mg C ha(-1) in clay soils. Coarse root C represented a large and significant ecosystem C pool, amounting to 62% and 48% of the surface soil C pool on sands and clays, respectively, and 34% and 22% of the soil C pool on sands and clays to l-m depth. The quantity of labile soil P, the soil C:N ratio, and live and dead fine root biomass in the 0-10-cm soil depth decreased along a gradient from sands to clays, whereas the opposite trend was observed for total P, mineral N, potential N mineralization. and denitrification enzyme activity. The Century model was able to predict the observed trends in surface soil C and N in loams and sands but underestimated C and N pools in the sands by approximately 45%. The model predicted that total belowground C (0-20 cm depth) in sands would be approximately half that of the clays, in contrast to the 89% we measured. This discrepancy is likely to be due to an underestimation of the role of belowground C allocation with low litter quality in sands, as well as an overestimation of the role of physical C protection by clays in this ecosystem. Changes in P and water availability had little effect on model outputs, whereas adding N greatly increased soil organic matter pools and productivity, illustrating the need for further integration of model structure and tropical forest biogeochemical cycling. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Gottingen, Inst Bodenkunde & Waldernaehrung, D-3400 Gottingen, Germany. EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, Santarem, Para, Brazil. RP Silver, WL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 151 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Veldkamp, Edzo/A-6660-2008; Neff, Jason/A-1211-2012; Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Silver, Whendee/H-1118-2012; OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; NEFF, JASON/0000-0002-8290-1472 NR 67 TC 167 Z9 173 U1 2 U2 58 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 3 IS 2 BP 193 EP 209 DI 10.1007/s100210000019 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 314RP UT WOS:000087071600006 ER PT J AU Richards, MP Ashwell, CM McMurtry, JP AF Richards, MP Ashwell, CM McMurtry, JP TI Quantitative analysis of leptin mRNA using competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE leptin; mRNA; reverse transcription; polymerase chain reaction; capillary electrophoresis; laser-induced fluorescence; DNA ID OBESE GENE; BODY-WEIGHT; CLONING; EXPRESSION; RECEPTORS; PROTEIN; PCR AB Leptin, the protein hormone product of the obese (ob) gene, functions in the regulation of appetite, energy expenditure, and reproduction in animals and humans. Since changes in the level of circulating leptin can have marked physiological consequences, it is important to be able to accurately quantify leptin gene expression. Toward this goal, we have constructed a chicken leptin RNA competitor and successfully employed it as an internal standard in the development of a quantitative-competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (QC-RT-PCR) assay for leptin mRNA. Capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF) was utilized for the separation and analysis of chicken leptin target (261 bp) and competitor (234 bp) dsDNA products from QC-RT-PCR assay samples. Leptin amplicons were separated using a DB-1 coated capillary (27 cm X 100 mu m ID) at a field strength of 300 V/cm in a replaceable sieving matrix consisting of 0.5% hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) in 1 x TEE (89 mM Tris-base, 89 mM boric acid, 2 mM EDTA, pH 8.3) buffer with 0.5 mu g/mL EnhanCE(TM) fluorescent intercalating dye. Samples were diluted 1:100 with deionized water and introduced into the capillary by electrokinetic: injection. QC-RT-PCR/CE-LIF was used to quantify leptin mRNA in liver and adipose tissue from 8-week-old male and female broiler chickens. This study is the first report of quantitative analysis of leptin gene expression using QC-RT-PCR/CE-LIF. C1 USDA ARS, LPSI, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Richards, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, LPSI, Growth Biol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 200,Rm 201,BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD MAR PY 2000 VL 21 IS 4 BP 792 EP 798 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2683(20000301)21:4<792::AID-ELPS792>3.3.CO;2-D PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 292DT UT WOS:000085779400018 PM 10733224 ER PT J AU Duval, DL Farris, AR Quirk, CC Nett, TM Hamernik, DL Clay, CM AF Duval, DL Farris, AR Quirk, CC Nett, TM Hamernik, DL Clay, CM TI Responsiveness of the ovine gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene to estradiol and gonadotropin-releasing hormone is not detectable in vitro but is revealed in transgenic mice SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RIBONUCLEIC-ACID; HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY DISCONNECTION; CELL-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; ALPHA-SUBUNIT GENE; RAT ESTROUS-CYCLE; STEROIDOGENIC FACTOR-I; GNRH RECEPTOR; OVARIECTOMIZED EWES; PASSIVE-IMMUNIZATION; BINDING-SITE AB Although the ability of estradiol to enhance pituitary sensitivity to GnRH is established, the underlying mechanism(s) remain undefined. Herein, we find that approximately 9,100 bp of 5' flanking region from the ovine GnRH receptor (oGnRHR) gene is devoid of transcriptional activity in gonadotrope-derived cell lines and is not responsive to either estradiol or GnRH. In stark contrast, this same 9,100 bp promoter fragment directed tissue-specific expression of luciferase in multiple lines of transgenic mice. To test for hormonal regulation of the 9,100-bp promoter, ovariectomized transgenic females were treated with a GnRH antiserum alone or in combination with estradiol. Treatment with antiserum alone reduced pituitary expression of luciferase by 80%. Pituitary expression of luciferase in animals receiving both antiserum and estradiol was approximately 50-fold higher than animals receiving antiserum alone. The estradiol response of the -9,100-bp promoter was equally demonstrable in males. In addition, a GnRH analog (D-Ala-6-GnRH) that does not cross-react with the GnRH antiserum restored pituitary expression of luciferase in males passively immunized against GnRH to levels not different from castrate controls. Finally, treatment with both estradiol and D-Ala-6-GnRH increased pituitary expression of luciferase to a level greater than the sum of the individual treatments suggesting synergistic activation of the transgene by these two hormones. Thus, despite the complete absence of transcriptional activity and hormonal responsiveness in vitro, 9,100 bp of proximal promoter from the oGnRHR gene is capable of directing tissue-specific expression and is robustly responsive to both GnRH and estradiol in transgenic mice. To begin to refine the functional boundaries of the critical cis-acting elements, we next constructed transgenic mice harboring a transgene consisting of 2,700 bp of 5' flanking region from the oGnRHR gene fused to luciferase. As with the -9,100 bp promoter, expression of luciferase in the -2,700 lines was primarily confined to the pituitary gland, brain and testes. Furthermore, the passive immunization-hormonal replacement paradigms described above revealed both GnRH and estradiol responsiveness of the -2,700-bp promoter. Thus, 2,700 bp of proximal promoter from the oGnRHR gene is sufficient for tissue-specific expression as well as GnRH and estradiol responsiveness. Given the inability to recapitulate estradiol regulation of GnRHR gene expression in vitro, transgenic mice may represent one of the few viable avenues for ultimately defining the molecular mechanisms underlying estradiol regulation of GnRHR gene expression. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Physiol, Anim Reprod & Biotechnol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. USDA, CSREES, NRI, Washington, DC 20025 USA. RP Clay, CM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Physiol, Anim Reprod & Biotechnol Lab, Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM cclay@cvmbs.colostate.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [R29-HD-32416, F32-HD-08169, F32 HD008169] NR 53 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 EI 1945-7170 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD MAR PY 2000 VL 141 IS 3 BP 1001 EP 1010 DI 10.1210/en.141.3.1001 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 337WH UT WOS:000088385700019 PM 10698176 ER PT J AU Shields, FD Simon, A Steffen, LJ AF Shields, FD Simon, A Steffen, LJ TI Reservoir effects on downstream river channel migration SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE fluvial system; response; streambank erosion; riparian ecosystems; succession; meanders ID UPPER MISSOURI RIVER; BANK EROSION; COTTONWOOD RECRUITMENT; GREAT-PLAINS; MILK RIVER; FLOODPLAIN; VEGETATION; MONTANA; FRANCE; DAMS AB Human occupation and development of alluvial river floodplains are adversely affected by river channel lateral migration, which may range as high as several hundred metres per year. Reservoirs that reduce the frequency and duration of high flows typically reduce lateral migration rates by factors of 3 to 6. The ecology of riverine corridors is dependent upon the processes of erosion and sedimentation, which lead to lateral migration. Multiple-objective use of floodplains adjacent to active rivers therefore requires tools for assessing the probability and magnitude of channel movements. Existing approaches for predicting river channel movement may be classified as empirical or mechanistic, and are inadequate for widespread application. The Missouri River downstream from Fort Peck Dam in Montana, a major alluvial river with flow highly perturbed by regulation, was selected for case study. Maps and aerial photographs were available before and after dam construction. This imagery was analysed by digitizing channel centrelines at successive coverages under pre-dam and post-dam conditions, and mean migration rates were computed by bend and by reach. The mean rate of channel centreline migration fell from 6.6 m yr(-1) to 1.8 m yr(-1) after impoundment. Bend-mean channel activity rates were only weakly correlated with variables describing channel form and geometry. Results indicate that flow regulation for flood control and hydropower production typical of the study reach had profound effects on river corridor dynamism, with implications for habitat type distribution and ecosystem integrity. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 80 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 29 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0376-8929 J9 ENVIRON CONSERV JI Environ. Conserv. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 27 IS 1 BP 54 EP 66 DI 10.1017/S0376892900000072 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 322ZL UT WOS:000087539600007 ER PT J AU Fritch, TG McKnight, CL Yelderman, JC Arnold, JG AF Fritch, TG McKnight, CL Yelderman, JC Arnold, JG TI An aquifer vulnerability assessment of the Paluxy aquifer, central Texas, USA, using GIS and a modified DRASTIC approach SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE aquifer; vulnerability assessment; groundwater; DRASTIC; pollution potential; GIS AB The Paluxy aquifer in north-central Texas is composed primarily of Lower Cretaceous clastics. This aquifer provides water for both domestic and agricultural purposes in the region. The study area for this investigation incorporates the outcrop and recharge areas, as well as the confined and unconfined portions of the aquifer. The purpose of this investigation is to perform a groundwater vulnerability assessment on the Paluxy aquifer using the GRASS 4.1 geographic information system combined with a modified DRASTIC approach. DRASTIC is an acronym for the variables that control the groundwater pollution potential (Depth to water, net Recharge, Aquifer media, Soil media, Topography, Impact of the vadose zone, and Conductivity of the aquifer:). Using such an approach allows one to investigate the potential for groundwater contamination on a regional, rather than site-specific, scale. Based upon data from variables such as soil permeability, depth to water, aquifer hydraulic conductivity, and topography, subjective numerical weightings have been assigned according to the variable's relative importance in regional groundwater quality. The weights for each variable comprise a GIS map layer. These map layers are combined to formulate the final groundwater pollution potential map. Using this method of investigation, the pollution potential map for the study area classifies 47% of the area as having low pollution potential, 26% as having moderate pollution potential, 22% as having high pollution potential, and 5% as having very high pollution potential. C1 Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Fritch, TG (reprint author), Massachusetts Dept Environm Protect, 1 Winter St,8th Floor, Boston, MA 02108 USA. NR 19 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 25 IS 3 BP 337 EP 345 DI 10.1007/s002679910026 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 276EN UT WOS:000084862800009 ER PT J AU Sharma, RP Bhandari, N Tsunoda, M Riley, RT Voss, KA Meredith, FI AF Sharma, RP Bhandari, N Tsunoda, M Riley, RT Voss, KA Meredith, FI TI Fumonisin toxicity in a transgenic mouse model lacking the mdr 1a/1b P-glycoprotein genes SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fumonisin B-1; hepatotoxicity; knockout mouse; male FVB mice; multiple drug resistance; tumor necrosis factor ID BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; DEVELOPING RATS; B-1; LIVER; CORN; MICE; LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; PHARMACOKINETICS; SPHINGANINE AB The toxicity of fumonisin B-1 (FB1) was investigated in male mdr1a/1b double knockout (MDRK) mice, lacking the drug-transporting P-glycoproteins. These transgenic animals are deficient in their blood:brain barrier and accumulate different drugs in brain and other tissues. The MDRK and their wild-type counterparts, FVB mice, were injected subcutaneously with 2.25 mg/kg per day of FB1 for 5 days and sampled one day after the last treatment in a protocol that has resulted in marked hepatic and renal damage in other strains. FB1 caused liver enlargement in both FVB and MDRK. Hematological parameters were not affected in either strain. Plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, measures of liver damage, were increased by FB1 in both FVB and MDRK mice. Histopathological evaluation of liver corroborated this finding. Kidney lesions were induced by FB1 in both types of mice. Concentrations of free sphingosine and sphinganine increased in liver and kidney of both strains after the FB1 treatment, although the increase in liver sphingoid bases was half as much in MDRK as compared to FVB. The levels of sphinganine-containing complex sphingolipids were increased in kidney. The levels of sphingosine-containing complex sphingolipids in kidney were unaffected by FB1 treatment but were significantly lower in control MDRK than in FVB mice. The levels of neurotransmitters and their metabolites were similarly affected in both strains by FB1, suggesting no influence of disrupted blood:brain barrier on FB1-induced neurotoxicity, In both strains, the liver mRNA for tumor necrosis factor alpha was increased: however, the increase was statistically significant only in FVB. It was apparent that mice deficient in P-glycoprotein do not exhibit greater sensitivity to FB1, the cellular or brain transport of FB1 appears to be independent of this multidrug transporting system. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B,V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Sharma, RP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 8 IS 3 BP 173 EP 182 DI 10.1016/S1382-6689(00)00038-7 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 340RY UT WOS:000088549800002 ER PT J AU Nunez, A Foglia, TA Savary, BJ Piazza, GJ AF Nunez, A Foglia, TA Savary, BJ Piazza, GJ TI Anaerobic lipoxygenase activity from Chlorella pyrenoidosa responsible for the cleavage of the 13-hydroperoxides of linoleic and linolenic acids SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fatty acids; hydroxycarboxylic acids; hydroperoxide lyase; lipoxygenase ID HYDROPEROXIDE LYASE; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAY; GREEN ODOR; CONVERSION; PRODUCTS; PATHWAY; PLANTS; ENZYME; SEED AB An enzyme from the alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa, previously identified as a hydroperoxide lyase (HPLS), cleaves the 13-hydroperoxide derivatives of linoleic and linolenic acids into a volatile C5 fragment and a C13 ore-product, 13-oxo-9(Z), 11 (E)trideca-dienoic acid (13-OTA). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) headspace analysis of the volatile products indicated the formation of pentane when the substrate was the 13-hydroperoxide derivative of linoleic acid, whereas a more complex mixture of hydrocarbons was formed when the 13-hydroperoxide derivative of linolenic acid was the substrate. Analysis of the nonvolatile products by GC/MS and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) indicated the formation of 13-OTA along with the 13-ketone derivative. This enzymatic activity was inhibited by oxygen but was restored with nitrogen. The enzymatic cleavage activity was coincidental in purified fractions with lipoxygenase activity that produced the 13- and 9-hydroperoxide derivatives of linolenic acid. The results suggest that the enzymatic cleavage activity in Chlorella pyrenoidosa was not a consequence of hydroperoxide lyase activity as previously thought, but was due to anaerobic lipoxygenase activity This enzyme fraction was purified by (NH4)(2)SO4 precipitation, gel filtration, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The purified enzyme has an approximate MW of 120 KDa and maximum activity at pH 8.0. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Nunez, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. OI Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1438-7697 J9 EUR J LIPID SCI TECH JI Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 102 IS 3 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1438-9312(200003)102:3<181::AID-EJLT181>3.3.CO;2-A PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 353EC UT WOS:000089261000003 ER PT J AU Church, RL Murray, AT Figueroa, MA Barber, KH AF Church, RL Murray, AT Figueroa, MA Barber, KH TI Support system development for forest ecosystem management SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE forest management; hierarchical modeling; spatial optimization; DSS AB This paper discusses issues and requirements associated with the development of a spatial decision support system for the USDA Forest Service. A system was developed which integrates optimization based management planning models using map based representations of the spatial area being analyzed, This system was designed to address the decidedly hierarchical planning environment of the USDA Forest Service through the presentation of management alternatives in various forms, including impact visualization, This paper details some of the features of the developed spatial decision support system and demonstrates how optimization models are currently being made more informative through the presentation of results and further integrated within the planning structure of the USDA Forest Service. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Geog Informat & Anal, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USDA Forest Serv, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Murray, AT (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Murray, Alan/B-2993-2012 NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-2217 J9 EUR J OPER RES JI Eur. J. Oper. Res. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 121 IS 2 BP 247 EP 258 DI 10.1016/S0377-2217(99)00215-5 PG 12 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 272RL UT WOS:000084664700003 ER PT J AU Graham, PH Vance, CP AF Graham, PH Vance, CP TI Nitrogen fixation in perspective: an overview of research and extension needs SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE nitrogen fixation; legumes; Rhizobium; research needs; plant improvement; soil acidity and acidification; crop rotation; biotechnology ID RHIZOBIUM-ETLI STRAIN; ROOT-NODULE BACTERIA; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; CROPPING SYSTEMS; SALT STRESS; CASUARINA-CUNNINGHAMIANA; AGRICULTURAL-DEVELOPMENT; SYMBIOTIC PROPERTIES; DINITROGEN FIXATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS AB Recent reports point to a decline in agricultural dependence on symbiotic nitrogen (N(2)) fixation, and in the use of rhizobial inoculants. This review contrasts the potential contribution of biologically fixed N to intensive and extensive agricultural systems, and examines opportunities for continued major contributions in the latter, It identifies six research and extension areas in which in-depth efforts are still needed, and examines some opportunities for improved N(2) fixation likely to arise through advances in molecular biology. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Graham, PH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM pgraham@soils.umn.edu NR 159 TC 117 Z9 136 U1 6 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 65 IS 2-3 BP 93 EP 106 DI 10.1016/S0378-4290(99)00080-5 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 294ZE UT WOS:000085940100002 ER PT J AU Shapiro, DI McCoy, CW AF Shapiro, DI McCoy, CW TI Susceptibility of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) larvae to different rates of entomopathogenic nematodes in the greenhouse SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE biological control; Diaprepes abbreviatus; Steinernema riobrave; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora; H. indica; entomopathogenic nematodes ID ENTOMOGENOUS NEMATODES; ROOT WEEVILS; CITRUS; RHABDITIDA; HETERORHABDITIDAE; STEINERNEMATIDAE; PERSISTENCE; EFFICACY; FLORIDA; SOIL AB The Diaprepes root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus, is an important field and nursery pest of citrus and ornamentals in Florida and the Caribbean. Entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis indica. Poinar, Kanunakar, and David and H. bacteriophora Poinar, and Steinernema riobrave (Cabanillas, Poinar, and Raulston) were compared at different rates for their ability to parasitize D. abbreviatus under greenhouse conditions. Nematodes (0, 11, 22, 54, and 108 infective juveniles per cm(2)) were applied to Candler sandy soil (9% moisture = approximately -0.035 bars), contained in plastic pots with one D. abbreviatus larva, and a citrus seedling for food. The experiments were conducted at two temperature ranges (22-25 degrees C and 26-30 degrees C). Steinernema riobrave caused higher larval mortality compared with H. bacteriophora and H. indica, and was more virulent at higher temperatures. At the higher temperature, smaller larvae (ca. 7th instar) were more susceptible to S, riobrave and H. bacteriophora than later instars (ca. 11th instar). Our results indicate that, under greenhouse conditions, S. riobrave has the potential for achieving >90% weevil control at a rate of 22 infective juveniles per cm(2). C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. RP Shapiro, DI (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SAA, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 22 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 83 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.2307/3496221 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 308HG UT WOS:000086704000001 ER PT J AU Johanowicz, DL Mitchell, ER AF Johanowicz, DL Mitchell, ER TI Effects of sweet alyssum flowers on the longevity of the parasitoid wasps Cotesia marginiventris (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) and Diadegma insulare (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE biological control; conservation; augmentation; Brassicaceae ID DIAMONDBACK MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; PLUTELLIDAE; CABBAGE AB The effects of sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima) (Brassicaceae) flowers on the longevity of two augmentatively-released parasitoids, Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Diadegma insulare (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), were studied in a greenhouse experiment. C. marginiventris and D. insulare survived approximately 4.8 and 12.7 times longer, respectively, when provisioned with honey or with sweet alyssum than with water alone. Sweet alyssum planted in northern Florida cabbage fields may be one way to improve biological control by augmentatively-released natural enemies of lepidopteran pests by increasing adult parasitoid longevity during times when few wild plants are in bloom. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Johanowicz, DL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, POB 110620, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 19 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 12 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 83 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 DI 10.2307/3496226 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 308HG UT WOS:000086704000006 ER PT J AU Wojcik, DP Burges, RJ Blanton, CM Focks, DA AF Wojcik, DP Burges, RJ Blanton, CM Focks, DA TI An Improved and quantified technique for marking individual fire ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Solenopsis invicta; methods; model; paint; longevity; non-linear regression ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA BUREN; QUEENS AB Individual fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, were marked with dots of Markal brand Ball Point Paint Markers. Marked ants were returned to the colony while the paint was still wet. The marks were slowly lost over a 100-day period, with one mark lasting 119 days. No mortality could be attributed to the paint. The proportion of ants retaining marks over time can be expressed as a simple exponential decay model: proportion with marks = 0.7665* exp (-0.0175* time in days). The technique will be useful in assessing basic behavioral characteristics, such as polygyne versus monogyne interactions, nestmate discrimination, foraging profiles, and in assessing impact of candidate biological control organisms on behavior and survivorship of fire ants. C1 ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Wojcik, DP (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 83 IS 1 BP 74 EP 78 DI 10.2307/3496231 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 308HG UT WOS:000086704000011 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE AF Shelly, TE TI Aggression between wild and laboratory-reared sterile males of the Mediterranean fruit fly in a natural habitat (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID FLIES DIPTERA C1 USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaiian Evolutionary Biol Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, POB 1040, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 83 IS 1 BP 105 EP 108 DI 10.2307/3496237 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 308HG UT WOS:000086704000017 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE AF Shelly, TE TI Trapping male oriental fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae): Does feeding on a natural source of methyl eugenol reduce capture probability? SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID DORSALIS; FLY C1 Univ Hawaii, Hawaiian Evolutionary Biol Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, POB 1040, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 83 IS 1 BP 109 EP 111 DI 10.2307/3496238 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 308HG UT WOS:000086704000018 ER PT J AU Oi, FM AF Oi, FM TI Purple dye-marker for Reticulitermes spp. (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 ARS, Household Insects Unit, USDA, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Oi, FM (reprint author), ARS, Household Insects Unit, USDA, CMAVE, 1600 SW 23rd Dr,Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 83 IS 1 BP 112 EP 113 DI 10.2307/3496239 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 308HG UT WOS:000086704000019 ER PT J AU Hummel, S AF Hummel, S TI Height, diameter and crown dimensions of Cordia alliodora associated with tree density SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Nelder density plots; competition density relations; La selva biological station; Costa Rica ID DOUGLAS-FIR; COSTA-RICA; SYSTEMS; AGROFORESTRY; GROWTH AB To investigate the responses of Cordia alliodora associated with tree density, three permanent Nelder plots and 31 temporary 0.09 ha plots in northern Costa Rica, representing a range of densities (100-195 883 per hectare), ages (1-45 years), and elevation (30-430 m), were measured between 1993 and 1996. Tree height, age, stem diameter at breast height, and crown diameter were analyzed with regression techniques. The height of C. alliodora was significantly associated with tree age and stem diameter, but not with density. Stem diameter decreased with increasing tree density. Results were consistent with competition-density patterns observed in temperate forest trees. The ratio between the crown diameter and stem diameter in C. alliodora was not significantly related to density, although this ratio varied directly with tree age. These results suggest that the merchantable yield of C. alliodora in the low-elevation moist tropics of Atlantic Costa Rica may be increased via stand-density management. Study results also indicate that silvicultural research techniques developed in temperate forests can be used to study tropical species. Tropical trees that regenerate in even-aged stands and that permit an estimate of age are the best candidates for such techniques. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hummel, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 42 TC 24 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 127 IS 1-3 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00120-6 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 282EZ UT WOS:000085205000003 ER PT J AU Costello, CA Yamasaki, M Pekins, PJ Leak, WB Neefus, CD AF Costello, CA Yamasaki, M Pekins, PJ Leak, WB Neefus, CD TI Songbird response to group selection harvests and clearcuts in a New Hampshire northern hardwood forest SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE forest birds; clearcut; group selection; northern hardwood forest; early successional ID BIRD COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; INDICATOR; SUCCESS; DENSITY; MAINE AB Clearcutting creates habitat for many species of early successional songbirds; however, little information is available on bird use of small forest openings created by group selection harvests. Group selection harvests are increasing on the White Mountain National Forest due to negative public response to clearcutting. The objective of this study was to determine if avian species richness and composition differ between clearcut and group selection openings, and between mature stands and the uncut portions of group selection stands. Point count surveys were conducted during the 1992 and 1993 breeding seasons within six study blocks in the White Mountain National Forest, NH. Each block consisted of a clearcut stand, a group selection stand and a mature stand. Species richness per stand was significantly higher in clearcut openings (p = 0.010) than in group selection openings, Forested areas surrounding group selection openings were similar to mature stands in species richness (p = 0.848) and composition. Our data suggest that, relative to avian use, the group selection system does not provide habitat similar to that created by clearcutting in extensive northern hardwood stands, The group selection system appears to retain much of the mature forest bird community while providing for a limited number of early successional bird species. Gradual replacement of clearcutting with group selection harvests could result in reduced avian diversity across large forested tracts. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Bartlett, NH 03812 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Off Biometr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Costello, CA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, POB 480, Bartlett, NH 03812 USA. NR 46 TC 61 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 127 IS 1-3 BP 41 EP 54 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00131-0 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 282EZ UT WOS:000085205000004 ER PT J AU Agee, JK Bahro, B Finney, MA Omi, PN Sapsis, DB Skinner, CN van Wagtendonk, JW Weatherspoon, CP AF Agee, JK Bahro, B Finney, MA Omi, PN Sapsis, DB Skinner, CN van Wagtendonk, JW Weatherspoon, CP TI The use of shaded fuelbreaks in landscape fire management SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE prescribed fire; thinning; forest fire; western United States ID CROWN FIRE; CALIFORNIA; WILDFIRE AB Shaded fuelbreaks and larger landscape fuel treatments, such as prescribed fire. are receiving renewed interest as forest protection strategies in the western United States. The effectiveness of fuelbreaks remains a subject of debate because of differing fuelbreak objectives, prescriptions for creation and maintenance, and their placement in landscapes with differing fire regimes. A well-designed fuelbreak will alter the behavior of wildland fire entering the fuel-altered zone. Both surface and crown fire behavior may be reduced, Shaded fuelbreaks must be created in the context of the landscape within which they are placed. No absolute standards for fuelbreak width or fuel reduction are possible, although recent proposals for forested fuelbreaks suggest 400 m wide bands where surface fuels are reduced and crown fuels are thinned, Landscape-level treatments such as prescribed fire can use shaded fuelbreaks as anchor points, and extend the zone of altered fire behavior to larger proportions of the landscape. Coupling fuelbreaks with area-wide fuel treatments can reduce the size, intensity, and effects of wildland fires. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. El Dorado Natl Forest, Placerville Ranger Dist, Camino, CA 95667 USA. Syst Environm Management, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Western Forest Fire Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Redding, CA 96001 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Yosemite Field Stn, El Portal, CA 95318 USA. RP Agee, JK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 38 TC 166 Z9 174 U1 4 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 127 IS 1-3 BP 55 EP 66 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00116-4 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 282EZ UT WOS:000085205000005 ER PT J AU Baker, PJ Wilson, JS AF Baker, PJ Wilson, JS TI A quantitative technique for the identification of canopy stratification in tropical and temperate forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE crown stratification; canopy layers; tree crowns; temperate forests; tropical forests; profile diagrams; algorithm AB Canopy stratification is one of the oldest concepts in tropical forest ecology. However, there has been considerable debate over the existence and identification of strata. Much of the confusion arises from the differing definitions of strata (i.e. vertical stratification of phytomass, individual crowns, or species) and the methods used to evaluate them (e.g. profile diagrams). In this paper, a quantitative technique for identifying stratification of individual tree crowns in the forest canopy is presented. Strata are identified by comparing sorted tree heights to a moving average of height at the base of the live crown. Height and crown measurements were obtained from 21 published profile diagrams of forests, representing many biogeographic regions and covering a wide variety of forest types. The technique provides an objective measure of canopy strata allowing for a valid comparison of stratification between the different profile diagrams. Neither the original author's estimates of strata nor the number of strata detected by the quantitative technique support the premise that tropical forests have more strata than temperate forests. With the sole exception of a mono-layered European Douglas-fir plantation, all forests in this study had two or three layers. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn,Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Baker, PJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. OI Baker, Patrick/0000-0002-6560-7124 NR 25 TC 22 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 127 IS 1-3 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00118-8 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 282EZ UT WOS:000085205000007 ER PT J AU Idol, TW Pope, PE Ponder, F AF Idol, TW Pope, PE Ponder, F TI Fine root dynamics across a chronosequence of upland temperate deciduous forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE fine roots; chronosequence; forest regeneration; soil horizons ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD; ORGANIC-MATTER; ECOSYSTEMS; BIOMASS; TURNOVER; GROWTH; AREA AB Following a major disturbance event in forests that removes most of the standing vegetation, patterns of fine root growth, mortality, and decomposition may be altered from the pre-disturbance conditions. The objective of this study was to describe the changes in the seasonal and spatial dynamics of fine root growth, mortality, and decomposition that occur following removal of standing forest vegetation. Four upland temperate deciduous forest stands in southern Indiana, USA were chosen for this study. The ages of the stands, as represented as the number of growing seasons since forest overstory removal, were 4, 10, and 29 years at the beginning of the study in 1995. A mature stand, approximate to 80-100 years since last harvest, was chosen to represent the pre-harvest conditions. A combination of son cores and ingrowth cores were used to assess stand-level rates of fine root growth, mortality, and decomposition. Results show that fine root growth increases significantly after harvesting, but declines as the stand matures. In all stands, fine root mortality and decomposition are nearly equal to or greater than fine root growth. Fine root growth in the A horizon (0-8 cm) is significantly greater than in the B horizon (8-30 cm) in the 4, 29, and 80-100-year-old stands. In the 4- and 10-year-old stands fine root growth in the A horizon peaks earlier in the year than in the B horizon. Fine root biomass recovers rapidly in these upland hardwood stands following forest removal due to high rates of fine root growth; however, the distribution of fine root growth between the A and B soil horizons differs from pre-harvest conditions during the first 10-30 years. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Lincoln Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. RP Idol, TW (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 1159 Forestry Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 25 TC 27 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 127 IS 1-3 BP 153 EP 167 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00127-9 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 282EZ UT WOS:000085205000014 ER PT J AU McClure, JW Lee, TD Leak, WB AF McClure, JW Lee, TD Leak, WB TI Gap capture in northern hardwoods: patterns of establishment and height growth in four species SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE canopy gaps; advance regeneration; height growth; Fagus grandifolia; Acer saccharum; Acer rubrum; Betula alleghaniensis ID FOREST; DISTURBANCE; DYNAMICS; AGE AB We sought to determine whether four tree species that commonly coexist-American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh,), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.)-differed in their patterns of establishment in gaps and their height growth after gap formation. Fifty-eight canopy trees were sampled in four experimentally created canopy gaps, 44-48 years old, in a northern hardwood forest at the Bartlett Experimental Forest, NH. Using stem analysis, we determined the year of origin of each tree and its pattern of height growth. Over two-thirds of beech and sugar maple canopy trees were advance regeneration, while most yellow birch stems established after gap formation. Red maple was a mixture of the two. Beech had the oldest stems at the time of gap formation (5 out of 18 stems over 20 years of age). No canopy tree established later than four years after gap formation. Species differed in their patterns of height growth, with beech growing more slowly than the others immediately after gap formation. Beech, however, grew at a more constant rate than sugar maple and yellow birch, and approached the heights of these species 30 years after gap formation. Red maple was the tallest and maintained a constant growth rate over the 30-year period. In beech and sugar maple, individuals that established after gap formation eventually grew faster and caught up with those establishing via advance regeneration. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Plant Biol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Lee, TD (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Plant Biol, Rudman Hall,46 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 28 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 1 PY 2000 VL 127 IS 1-3 BP 181 EP 189 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00129-2 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 282EZ UT WOS:000085205000016 ER PT J AU Dey, DC Guyette, RP AF Dey, DC Guyette, RP TI Anthropogenic fire history and red oak forests in south-central Ontario SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article DE northern red oak; white pine; fire history; ecology; anthropogenic; fire regime; dendrochronology ID QUERCUS-RUBRA; SEEDLINGS; MISSOURI AB The regeneration and dominance of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) has been associated with fire throughout eastern North America. Red oak in central Ontario grows near the northern edge of its distribution in mixed hardwood-coniferous forests under mesic conditions where it competes with more shade-tolerant species. We hypothesized that the abundance of red oak in these stands was largely the result of anthropogenic burning and natural fires, which would favor the regeneration and recruitment of northern red oak over such shade-tolerant species as sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.). Fire histories dating from the mid-1600s were constructed by dendrochronological methods from fire scars on stumps, trees, and natural remnants of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), white pine (Pinus strobus L.), and red oak at six sites in south-central Ontario. Fire histories of the sites are characterized by abrupt changes in fire interval. As much or more variance in fire interval is found within sites as is found among sites. Differences in the mean fire interval among sites are related to the density and migration of historic aboriginal and European populations. The mean fire interval varied from more than 70 years to six years depending on site location and historic period. The occurrence and abundance of red oak is linked to anthropogenic fire regimes. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Dey, DC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 202 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM ddey@FS.Fed.US; guyetter@missouri.edu NR 76 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 12 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI MATTAWA PA C/O CANADIAN ECOLOGY CENTRE, PO BOX 430, 6905 HWY 17 W, MATTAWA, ONTARIO P0H 1V0, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD MAR-APR PY 2000 VL 76 IS 2 BP 339 EP 347 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 313MW UT WOS:000087004300037 ER PT J AU Snover, AK Quay, PD Hao, WM AF Snover, AK Quay, PD Hao, WM TI The D/H content of methane emitted from biomass burning SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID CARBON ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; AFRICAN SAVANNA ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; DEUTERATED METHANES; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; DEUTERIUM CONTENT; STABLE HYDROGEN; GROWTH-RATE; OXIDATION; WATER AB The D/H content of methane emitted from biomass burning was measured using samples of smoke collected from large-scale laboratory combustion experiments and from fires typical of slash burning of primary forest and of pasture burning in the Brazilian Amazon. In laboratory experiments, the mean delta D of methane emitted from Pinus ponderosa needle combustion (delta D-CH4(bb)) was -233 +/- 2 parts per thousand. In Brazilian fires, delta D-CH4(bb) was -210 +/- 16 parts per thousand. The measured D/H of the fuel biomass ranged from -59 to -125 parts per thousand and indicated a significant hydrogen isotope fractionation (epsilon(BURN)(D)) during combustion. For the laboratory experiments, epsilon(BURN)(D) (=(D/H)(CH4)/(D/H)(Biomass)-1)1000 = -124 parts per thousand and in the field studies, epsilon(BURN)(D) ranged from -130 to -180 parts per thousand. These results contrast those for delta(13)C which showed no fractionation during combustion, consistent with earlier studies. The measurements presented here suggest that a relatively narrow range exists for the delta D of CH4 emitted from biomass burning on a global scale and that delta D is an independent tracer for atmospheric CH4. Combining delta D-CH4(bb) = -210 parts per thousand with literature values for the strength and delta D of the major CH4 sources, we estimate a delta D for the global CH4 source of -283 +/- 13 parts per thousand. This result provides a constraint for the D/H kinetic isotope effect associated with removal of atmospheric CH4 by atmospheric hydroxyl radicals. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. ARS, USDA, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Snover, AK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Marine Affairs Climate Impacts Grp, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 354235, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Shrestha, Yesha/N-8890-2014 NR 84 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAR PY 2000 VL 14 IS 1 BP 11 EP 24 DI 10.1029/1999GB900075 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 292RM UT WOS:000085808900002 ER PT J AU Crill, PM Keller, M Weitz, A Grauel, B Veldkamp, E AF Crill, PM Keller, M Weitz, A Grauel, B Veldkamp, E TI Intensive field measurements of nitrous oxide emissions from a tropical agricultural soil SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE CHANGE; HUMID TROPICS; FERTILIZATION; FLUXES; N2O; NITRIFICATION; MANAGEMENT; GRASSLAND; AMMONIA; METHANE AB The amount of nitrous oxide (N2O) continues to increase in the atmosphere. Agricultural use of nitrogen fertilizers in the tropics is thought to be an important source of atmospheric N2O. High frequency, highly precise measurements of the N2O flux were made with an automated system deployed in N fertilized and unfertilized agricultural plots of papaya and corn in Costa Rica for an entire corn crop growth to harvest cycle. N2O fluxes were as high as 64 ng N-N2O cm(-2) h(-1) from fertilized versus 12 ng N-N2O cm(-2) h(-1) from unfertilized corn and 28 ng N-N2O cm(-2) h(-1) from fertilized versus 4.6 ng N-N2O cm(-2) h(-1) from unfertilized papaya. Fertilized corn released more N2O than fertilized papaya over the 125 days of the crop cycle, 1.83 kg N ha(-1) versus 1.37 kg N ha(-1). This represents a loss as N2O of 1.1 and 0.9% of the total N applied as ammonium nitrate to the corn and papaya, respectively. As has often been observed, N2O fluxes were highly variable. The fastest rates of emission were associated with fertilization and high soil moisture. A diurnal cycle in the fluxes was not evident probably due to the minimal day/night temperature fluctuations. Each chamber was measured between 509 and 523 times over the course of the experiment. This allows us to evaluate the effect on constructed mean fluxes of lowered sampling frequencies. Sampling each collar about once a day throughout the crop cycle (25% of the data set) could result in a calculated mean flux from any individual chamber that can vary by as much as 20% even though the calculated mean would probably be within 10% of the mean of the complete data set. The uncertainty increases very rapidly at lower sampling frequencies. For example, if only 10% of the data set were used which would be the equivalent of sampling every other day, a very high sampling frequency in terms of manual measurements, the calculated mean flux could vary by as much as 40% or more at any given site. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. Univ Gottingen, Inst Bodenkunde & Waldernahrung, Gottingen, Germany. RP Crill, PM (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RI Veldkamp, Edzo/A-6660-2008; Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Crill, Patrick/0000-0003-1110-3059 NR 34 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAR PY 2000 VL 14 IS 1 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1029/1999GB900088 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 292RM UT WOS:000085808900008 ER PT J AU Korontzi, S Macko, SA Anderson, IC Poth, MA AF Korontzi, S Macko, SA Anderson, IC Poth, MA TI A stable isotopic study to determine carbon and nitrogen cycling in a disturbed southern Californian forest ecosystem SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; NATURAL N-15 ABUNDANCE; SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; JEFFREY PINE; DEPOSITION; PLANTS; DISCRIMINATION; SATURATION; NITRATE AB This study utilized isotope analyses to contrast nitrogen and carbon dynamics at four sites located along an air pollution gradient in the San Bernardino National Forest in southern California. Natural N-15 and C-13 abundances along with nutritional and edaphic properties were determined in soil, litter, and vegetation samples. Mean bulk nitrogen delta(15)N values of soil and vegetation at Camp Paivika (CP), the most polluted site, were at least 1.7 parts per thousand more enriched than the other, less polluted sites. Mean soil delta(15)NH(4)(+) was also significantly enriched in N-15 at CP compared to Barton Flats (BF), the least polluted site, by 3.8 parts per thousand. Soil delta(15)NO(3)(-) signatures were not statistically different among sites. The litter delta(15)NH(4)(+) values followed a trend similar to that of the soil. Furthermore, the litter delta(15)NO(3)(-) at CP was significantly depleted in N-15 compared to the other sites. The isotopic discrimination for the eventual production of nitrate from organic nitrogen in soil and litter was maximized at CP and minimized at BF. A stable carbon isotopic gradient of decreasing soil, litter, and foliar delta(13)C was also observed with increasing site pollution level. These results support the hypothesis that chronic atmospheric deposition has enhanced nitrogen cycling processes and has affected carbon metabolism at CP. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Global Environm Change Program, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, PSW Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Korontzi, S (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Global Environm Change Program, Clark Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 76 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAR PY 2000 VL 14 IS 1 BP 177 EP 188 DI 10.1029/1999GB900095 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 292RM UT WOS:000085808900015 ER PT J AU Baker, JT Allen, LH Boote, KJ Pickering, NB AF Baker, JT Allen, LH Boote, KJ Pickering, NB TI Direct effects of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration on whole canopy dark respiration of rice SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; elevated CO(2); Oryza sativa; respiration; temperature ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSION; AIR LEAKAGE RATES; ELEVATED CO2; PLANT RESPIRATION; SHORT-TERM; LONG-TERM; GROWTH TEMPERATURE; LEAF RESPIRATION; PADDY FIELDS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB The purpose of this study was to test for direct inhibition of rice canopy apparent respiration by elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO(2)]) across a range of short-term air temperature treatments. Rice (cv. IR-72) was grown in eight naturally sunlit, semiclosed, plant growth chambers at daytime [CO(2)] treatments of 350 and 700 mu mol mol(-1.) Short-term night-time air temperature treatments ranged from 21 to 40 degrees C. Whole canopy respiration, expressed on a ground area basis (R(d)), was measured at night by periodically venting the chambers with ambient air. This night-time chamber venting and resealing procedure produced a range of increasing chamber [CO(2)] which we used to test for potential inhibitory effects of rising [CO(2)] on R(d). A nitrous oxide leak detection system was used to correct R(d) measurements for chamber leakage rate (L) and also to determine if apparent reductions in night-time R(d) with rising [CO(2)] could be completely accounted for by L. The L was affected by both CO(2) concentration gradient between the chamber and ambient air and the inherent leakiness of each individual chamber. Nevertheless, after correcting R(d) for L, we detected a rapid and reversible, direct inhibition of R(d) with rising chamber [CO(2)] for air temperatures above 21 degrees C. This effect was larger for the 350 compared with the 700 mu mol mol(-1) daytime [CO(2)] treatment and was also increased with increasing short-term air temperature treatments. However, little difference in R(d) was found between the two daytime [CO(2)] treatments when night-time [CO(2)] was at the respective daytime [CO(2)]. These results suggest that naturally occurring diurnal changes in both ambient [CO(2)] and air temperature can affect R(d). Because naturally occurring diurnal changes in both [CO(2)] and air temperature can be expected in a future higher CO(2) world, short-term direct effects of these environmental variables on rice R(d) can also be expected. C1 ARS, Remote Sensing & Modelling Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Baker, JT (reprint author), ARS, Remote Sensing & Modelling Lab, USDA, Bldg 007,Rm 008,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jbaker@asrr.arsusda.gov OI Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 54 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 6 IS 3 BP 275 EP 286 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00306.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 299KQ UT WOS:000086198100003 ER PT J AU Haack, RA Lawrence, RK Heaton, GC AF Haack, RA Lawrence, RK Heaton, GC TI Seasonal shoot-feeding by Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) in Michigan SO GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID SCOTCH PINE AB Seasonal shoot-feeding by Tomicus piniperda (L.) was monitored at 2-week intervals on 15 Scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris L., trees from 8 April through 16 November 1994 in southern Michigan. All shoots that showed evidence of II piniperda attack were removed every two weeks. In 1994, initial spring flight of T. piniperda began on 22 March. At least two live T. piniperda adults were found on the 15 trees on each sampling date from 8 April through 1 November 1994. In addition, at least one freshly attacked, beetle-free shoot was found on each sampling date except for 1 November. The greatest numbers of newly attacked shoots, with or without adults present, were found from mid-June through mid-August. All adults found in April and May were likely parent adults, while those from June onward were primarily brood adults. Therefore, at all times of the year, live T. piniperda adults can be found on live pine trees, either feeding in the shoots or overwintering at the base of the trunk. Implications of these findings are provided in light of the US federal quarantine on T. piniperda. C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Haack, RA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1407 S Harrison Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MICH ENTOMOL SOC PI E LANSING PA MICH STATE UNIV DEPT ENTOMOL, E LANSING, MI 48823 USA SN 0090-0222 J9 GREAT LAKES ENTOMOL JI Gt. Lakes Entomol. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 33 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 431NL UT WOS:000168637400001 ER PT J AU Poland, TM Haack, RA AF Poland, TM Haack, RA TI Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera : Scolytidae): Is shoot-feeding required for reproductive maturation SO GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID SCOTS PINE; BEETLE AB The pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is a univoltine pest of pine in its native range of Europe and Asia. Tomicus piniperda is now widely established in the Great Lakes region and poses a potentially significant threat to other pine-producing areas in North America. An unusual aspect of the life history of T. piniperda is the extended period of maturation-feeding that takes place in the shoots of living pine trees and subsequent overwintering before adults reproduce the following year. We investigated the extent to which shoot-feeding is required by newly-emerged T. piniperda before introduction into Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris) logs and before any overwintering, in order for successful reproduction to occur. Tomicus piniperda Fl adults successfully reproduced in pine logs in the laboratory after either no shoot-feeding or after 2 to 10 weeks of shoot-feeding. Thus, it is theoretically possible for T. piniperda to be multivoltine, yet it remains univoltine. C1 Michigan State Univ, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Poland, TM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, 1407 S Harrison Rd,Rm 220, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MICH ENTOMOL SOC PI E LANSING PA MICH STATE UNIV DEPT ENTOMOL, E LANSING, MI 48823 USA SN 0090-0222 J9 GREAT LAKES ENTOMOL JI Gt. Lakes Entomol. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 33 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 431NL UT WOS:000168637400002 ER PT J AU Hesler, LS Kieckhefer, RW Evenson, PD AF Hesler, LS Kieckhefer, RW Evenson, PD TI Abundance of cereal aphids (Homoptera : aphididae) and their predators in spring wheat-alfalfa intercrops under different crop management intensities SO GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID EASTERN SOUTH-DAKOTA; SMALL-GRAIN FIELDS; POPULATIONS; YIELD; COCCINELLIDS; LANDSCAPE; NITROGEN; LOSSES AB Natural infestations of cereal aphids and abundance of their predators were compared from 1990 through 1993 among plots of intercropped spring wheat and alfalfa grown under high, intermediate, or low crop management intensity (CMI). CMI treatments differed in the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied and herbicide used and in the rigor of tillage operations. Cereal aphids (primarily Rhopalosiphum padi, Sitobion avenae, and Schizaphis graminum) collectively infested a mean of 0 to 5.9 of 15 wheat tillers sampled per plot on various dates from 1990 through 1993, but aphid infestation aid not vary by CMI. Seven taxa of aphid predators predominated: Nabis spp., Chrysoperla spp., Coleomegilla maculata, Hippodamia convergens, H. tredecimpunctata tibialis, H. parenthesis, and Coccinella septempunctata. Coccinella transversoguttata richardsoni, a species in decline in eastern South Dakota, was not collected. Nabids were generally the most abundant predatory taxon. In 1992, coccinellid adults were more abundant in high than low CMI plots. In 1993, H. tredecimpunctata tibialis adults were significantly more abundant in high CMI plots on the first three sampling dates but became more abundant in the low and intermediate CMI plots by the fifth sampling date. Regressions between the number of aphid-infested tillers and abundance of some predator taxa were significant in 1990, 1991, and 1992. In 1990, most regressions showed that counts of predators (except Chrysoperla spp. adults) were inversely proportional to aphid infestation levels, whereas significant regressions in 1991 and 1992 showed that the abundances of predators were weakly proportional to aphid infestation levels. Adjusted r(2) Values for all significant regressions ranged from 0.07 to 0.27. Relationships between crop management, cereal aphid infestation, and aphidophagous predators are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Hesler, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU MICH ENTOMOL SOC PI E LANSING PA MICH STATE UNIV DEPT ENTOMOL, E LANSING, MI 48823 USA SN 0090-0222 J9 GREAT LAKES ENTOMOL JI Gt. Lakes Entomol. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 33 IS 1 BP 17 EP 31 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 431NL UT WOS:000168637400003 ER PT J AU Hesler, LS Kieckhefer, RW AF Hesler, LS Kieckhefer, RW TI Wheat stem maggot in spring wheat-alfalfa intercrops with different crop management intensities SO GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID ROTATION AB Larval infestations and adult counts of wheat stem maggot (Meormyza americana) were each compared among plots of intercropped spring wheat and alfalfa grown under high, intermediate, or low crop management intensity (CMI). CMI varied primarily in the amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, herbicide, and tillage used. Infestation of wheat plants was measured from 1990 through 1993 as the percentage of white grain heads caused by larval feeding within the stems. Adult counts were made from sweep net samples within plots 3 to 5 times per year from 1991 through 1993. Larval infestation varied among years but not by CMI. The mean percentages of white heads in 1991 (2.0%) was greater than in other years (each less than or equal to 1.3%). Counts of adult M. americana differed among sampling dates within years but not by CMI. The number of adults collected was bimodal, peaking on the first and last sampling dates each year. The interpretation of our results is discussed in the context of cropping systems research. C1 USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. RP Hesler, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU MICH ENTOMOL SOC PI E LANSING PA MICH STATE UNIV DEPT ENTOMOL, E LANSING, MI 48823 USA SN 0090-0222 J9 GREAT LAKES ENTOMOL JI Gt. Lakes Entomol. PD SPR PY 2000 VL 33 IS 1 BP 33 EP 39 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 431NL UT WOS:000168637400004 ER PT J AU Hausman, GJ Richardson, RL Simmen, FA AF Hausman, GJ Richardson, RL Simmen, FA TI Expression of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) before and during the hormone sensitive period of adipose tissue development in the fetal pig SO GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND AGING LA English DT Article DE fetal; adipose tissue; development; binding proteins ID VASCULAR CELL-CULTURES; PORCINE MYOGENIC CELLS; FACTOR-I; MESSENGER-RNA; ENDOCRINE REGULATION; FACTOR BINDING-PROTEIN-1; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; FACTOR SYSTEM; THYROXINE; ONTOGENY AB The present study examined the influence of fetal age and thyroxine (T-4) and growth hormone (GH) treatment, on the expression of insulinlike growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) in fetal pigs. On day 70 of gestation fetuses were either hypophysectomized (hypox), hyper and implanted with T-4 pellets, or left intact, and were recovered 5, 10, 15 and 20 days following hyper and T-4 pellet placement. Intact fetuses were also recovered from several dams at 50 days of gestation. In additional dams, hyper fetuses (day 70) were implanted with GH loaded Alzet mini-pumps on day 90, and control, untreated, and GH-treated hyper fetuses were recovered on day 105 of development. Subcutaneous adipose tissue, serum and other fetal tissues were collected at the time of recovery and prepared for subsequent ligand blot analysis with I-125-IGF-1 and immunoblot analysis with IGFBP antibodies. The main effect of IGFBP was significant (P <0.01) for age associated changes in serum IGFBP percentages. Between 50 and 75 days of fetal development the levels of 29 kDa IGFBPs in adipose tissue and serum markedly increased. In contrast, IGFBP-2 levels decreased and IGFBP-4 levels increased in adipose tissue while IGFBP-2 levels increased and levels of IGFBP-4 and -3 decreased in serum. Fetal hyper decreased adipose tissue IGFBP levels in a time and IGFBP-dependent manner. For instance, IGFBP-2 and 29 kDa IGFBP levels decreased much faster after fetal hyper than did IGFBP-3 levels whereas IGFBP-4 levels did not decrease. The main effect of IGFBP was significant (P<0.01) for T-4-induced changes in adipose tissue IGFBP levels. T-4 treatment increased adipose tissue levels of 29 kDa IGFBPs but did not influence IGFBP-2,-3 and -4 levels. GH treatment had no influence on adipose tissue or serum IGFBP levels. These studies indicate that IGFBP-1 (one of the 29 kDa IGFBPs) may be the major IGFBP mediator of the influence of T-4 On fetal development. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Dairy & Poultry Sci & Interdisciplinary Conc, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Hausman, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Anim Physiol Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RI Simmen, Frank/J-9464-2012 NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU GROWTH PUBLISHING CO INC PI HULLS COVE PA PO BOX 205, HULLS COVE, ME 04644-0205 USA SN 1041-1232 J9 GROWTH DEVELOP AGING JI Growth Dev. Aging PD SPR-SUM PY 2000 VL 64 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 67 PG 17 WC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Developmental Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 347AJ UT WOS:000088903800004 PM 10969885 ER PT J AU Lemly, AD Hilderbrand, RH AF Lemly, AD Hilderbrand, RH TI Influence of large woody debris on stream insect communities and benthic detritus SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE stream habitat management; benthic macroinvertebrates; leaf processing; particulate organic matter; energetics ID GRADIENT HEADWATER STREAMS; INVERTEBRATES; MACROINVERTEBRATES; MICRODISTRIBUTION; MANIPULATIONS; ECOSYSTEMS; SUCCESSION; RETENTION; MATTER; DAMS AB We examined the extent to which benthic detritus loadings and the functional feeding group structure of stream insect communities respond to channel modifications produced by experimental addition of large woody debris (LWD, entire logs) to Stony Creek, Virginia. Benthic detritus loadings per sample did not change after LWD additions, but large increases in pool habitats created by LWD increased net detritus by an estimated 27 kg (25%) in the 250 m of stream receiving LWD. A large increase in the proportional area of pool habitats may result in a dominance of collector-gatherers and corresponding decreases in shredders and scrapers. Functional feeding group community structure in pools was similar spatially and temporally. Riffles were spatially convergent, but differed temporally. Community structure was significantly different between pools and riffles. The results indicate possible large scale influences in overall community structure due to channel alterations by LWD, but little within-habitat change. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Coldwater Fisheries Res Unit, So Res Stn,US Forest Serv, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Lemly, AD (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Coldwater Fisheries Res Unit, So Res Stn,US Forest Serv, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Hilderbrand, Robert/H-9807-2013 OI Hilderbrand, Robert/0000-0003-0923-7699 NR 33 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 18 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAR PY 2000 VL 421 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1023/A:1003904130002 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 305LP UT WOS:000086541800016 ER PT J AU Xiao, QF McPherson, EG Ustin, SL Grismer, ME Simpson, JR AF Xiao, QF McPherson, EG Ustin, SL Grismer, ME Simpson, JR TI Winter rainfall interception by two mature open-grown trees in Davis, California SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE precipitation; throughfall; stemflow; evaporation; interception; canopy interception dynamic processes; field instrumentation; measurement system; pressure gauge; urban forests; open grown trees ID MOUNTAINOUS ABANDONED AREA; MARITIME PINE STAND; ANALYTICAL MODEL; SITKA SPRUCE; SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA; SPATIAL PATTERNS; EUCALYPT FOREST; NORWAY SPRUCE; WATER-FLOW; THROUGHFALL AB A rainfall interception measuring system was developed and tested for open-grown trees. The system includes direct measurements of gross precipitation, throughfall and stemflow, as well as continuous collection of micrometeorological data. The data were sampled every second and collected at 30-s time steps using pressure transducers monitoring water depth in collection containers coupled to Campbell CR10 dataloggers. The system was tested on a 9-year-old broadleaf deciduous tree (pear, Pyrus calleryana 'Bradford') and an 8-year-old broadleaf evergreen tree (cork oak, Quercus suber) representing trees having divergent canopy distributions of foliage and stems. Partitioning of gross precipitation into throughfall, stemflow and canopy interception is presented for these two mature open-grown trees during the 1996-1998 rainy seasons. Interception losses accounted for about 15% of gross precipitation for the pear tree and 27% for the oak tree. The fraction of gross precipitation reaching the ground included 8% by stemflow and 77% by throughfall for the pear tree, as compared with 15% and 58%, respectively, for the oak tree. The analysis of temporal patterns in interception indicates that it was greatest at the beginning of each rainfall event. Rainfall frequency is more significant than rainfall rate and duration in determining interception losses. Both stemflow and throughfall varied with rainfall intensity and wind speed. Increasing precipitation rates and wind speed increased stemflow but reduced throughfall. Analysis of rainfall interception processes at different time-scales indicates that canopy interception varied from 100% at the beginning of the rain event to about 3% at the maximum rain intensity for the oak tree. These values reflected the canopy surface water storage changes during the rain event. The winter domain precipitation at our study site in the Central Valley of California limited our opportunities to collect interception data during non-winter seasons. This precipitation pattern makes the results more specific to the Mediterranean climate region. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, PSW, Western Ctr Urban Forest Res & Educ, Washington, DC USA. RP Xiao, QF (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Dept Environm Hort, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 58 TC 99 Z9 123 U1 8 U2 42 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 14 IS 4 BP 763 EP 784 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(200003)14:4<763::AID-HYP971>3.3.CO;2-Z PG 22 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 300HK UT WOS:000086247100008 ER PT J AU Nelson, SO AF Nelson, SO TI Sensing moisture content in grain SO IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; WHEAT; KERNELS C1 Univ Georgia, Grad Fac, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Grad Fac, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1094-6969 J9 IEEE INSTRU MEAS MAG JI IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. PD MAR PY 2000 VL 3 IS 1 BP 17 EP 20 DI 10.1109/5289.823818 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 316VK UT WOS:000087188600005 ER EF