FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO Kraszewski, AW AF Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO Kraszewski, AW GP IEEE IEEE TI Calibrating free-space measurement systems for microwave moisture sensing in granular materials SO IMTC 2002: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 19TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 & 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (IMTC/2002) CY MAY 21-23, 2002 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc ID PARTICULATE MATERIALS; DENSITY AB The universal character of a permittivity-based calibration function for moisture determination in granular materials such as cereal grain and seed is tested through measurement at microwave frequencies on materials of different structure and composition using two free-space measurement arrangements. Results obtained from measurements on wheat, corn and soybeans provide moisture calibration equations with temperature compensation that are very similar for both systems leading to a single moisture calibration equation and the potential of transferability of the calibration routine across instruments of different designs. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Trabelsi, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-7218-2 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2002 BP 1381 EP 1385 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BV15Y UT WOS:000178011900240 ER PT J AU Tsao, CWV Reed, BM AF Tsao, CWV Reed, BM TI Gelling agents, silver nitrate, and sequestrene iron influence adventitious shoot and callus formation from Rubus leaves SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-PLANT LA English DT Article DE blackberry; adventitious shoots; gelling agent ID REGENERATION; ORGANOGENESIS; INVITRO AB Blackberry (Rubus spp.) cultivars Chester Thornless, Kotata, Marion, and Navaho were evaluated for morphogenic potential using the top one to four leaves from in vitro-grown shoots. In each experiment adventitious shoots were regenerated via organogenesis without an intervening callus phase. Rooting was spontaneous when shoots were transferred to a medium without growth regulators or with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Three gelling treatments (agar, Gelrite, and a combination) calibrated for equal gel firmness [110 g/(1.1 cm)(2) pi] did not affect explant regeneration or the number of shoots per explant, but did affect callus production. Significantly more callus (P less than or equal to 0.05) was induced on regeneration medium (RM) with 10 muM N-6-benzyladenine (BA), 0.5 muM IBA, and 0.19% Gelrite, than on medium containing either 0.71% agar, or the 0.35% agar/0.11% Gelrite combination. Explants on RM with 5 pH IBA produced significantly more callus, but fewer shoots, compared to zero or 0.5 muM IBA treatments for all gel treatments. Adding 200 mg1(-1) sequestrene iron [sodium ferric ethylene diamine di-(O-hydroxyphenylacetate)] at the first transfer onto RM induced more shoots per explant than the control, but did not influence the amount of callus produced. Sequestrene iron in the second transfer on RM significantly increased the regeneration (caulogenesis) frequency from 30 to 40% for 'Marion' and from 23 to 43% for 'Kotata'. Silver nitrate significantly reduced callus production for all treatments, but did not affect the frequency of caulogenesis or the number of shoots per explant. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Reed, BM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. OI Reed, Barbara/0000-0003-0079-8473 NR 10 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-5476 J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-PL JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 29 EP 32 DI 10.1079/IVP2001245 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 526TA UT WOS:000174144700004 ER PT S AU Galli, RL Shukitt-Hale, B Youdim, KA Joseph, JA AF Galli, RL Shukitt-Hale, B Youdim, KA Joseph, JA BE Harman, D TI Fruit polyphenolics and brain aging - Nutritional interventions targeting age-related neuronal and behavioral deficits SO INCREASING HEALTHY LIFE SPAN: CONVENTIONAL MEASURES AND SLOWING THE INNATE AGING PROCESS SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Congress of the International-Association-of-Biomedical-Gerontology CY JUN 27-30, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Int Assoc Biomed Gerontol, Now Foods, Glenn Fdn Med Res, Wild Blueberry Assoc N Amer DE dietary supplementation; diet; memory; learning; phytochemicals; phytonutrients; free radicals; oxidative stress; inflammation; behavior; cognitive behavior; blueberry; signal transduction; calcium flux; rats ID OXIDATIVE STRESS; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION; CALCIUM DYSREGULATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; PC12 CELLS; IN-VITRO; ANTIOXIDANTS; PSYCHOMOTOR; PERFORMANCE; DOPAMINE AB Nutritional interventions, in this case, increasing dietary intake of fruits and vegetables, can retard and even reverse age-related declines in brain function and in cognitive and motor performance in rats. Our lab has shown that as Fischer 344 rats age their brains are increasingly vulnerable to oxidative stress. Dietary supplementation with fruit or vegetable extracts high in antioxidants (e.g., blueberry, 1313, spinach, respectively) can decrease this vulnerability to oxidative stress as assessed in vivo by examining reductions in neuronal signaling and behavioral deficits and in vitro via H(2)O(2)-induced decrements in striatal synaptosomal calcium buffering. Examinations have also revealed that BB supplementations are effective in antagonizing other age-related changes in brain and behavior, as well as decreasing indices of inflammation and oxidative stress in gastrocnemius and quadriceps muscles. In ongoing studies we are attempting to determine the most effective BB polyphenolic components. To date, the anthocyanins show the most efficacy in penetrating the cell membrane and in providing antioxidant protection. In sum, our results indicate that increasing dietary intake of fruits and vegetables high in antioxidant activity may be an important component of a healthy living strategy designed to maximize neuronal and cognitive functioning into old age. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Neurosci Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Simmons Coll, Dept Psychol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Galli, RL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Neurosci Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM rachel.galli@simmons.edu NR 29 TC 123 Z9 132 U1 3 U2 9 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-360-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2002 VL 959 BP 128 EP 132 PG 5 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BU36U UT WOS:000175782200013 PM 11976192 ER PT J AU Dickey, LC Parris, N Craig, JC Kurantz, MJ AF Dickey, LC Parris, N Craig, JC Kurantz, MJ TI Serial batch extraction of zein from milled maize SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE extraction; precipitation; centrifugation; zein ID 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; CORN; PROTEINS; ETHANOL AB Prolamine-rich, water insoluble proteins (zeins) can be extracted from milled maize by vigorous mixing in heated ethanol solutions. Whenever solvent extraction is used process cost considerations require that all the solvent be recovered. Because of the low zein content of maize rinsing extract liquid from the extracted maize particles must be done in a way that minimizes dilution. The solid mass fraction of milled grain slurry that can be pumped is 0.25 or less. Because the mass fraction of zein in maize is only approximately 0.05, the zein mass fraction of a batch extract will be less than 0.015. To increase the zein concentration, a batch extract (liquid and fines) can be repeatedly separated from the extracted solid particles and used to extract fresh milled grain. A series of batch extractions with extract reuse can approach the performance of a continuous counter-current solids/liquid extraction, which would be preferable at a commercial scale, Extract reuse is constrained by losses of liquid with the extracted grain and by reductions of the extracting capacity of the extract due to the increasing solute or fines content. By examining the extract composition and yield of a series of batches, it is possible to estimate the zein concentration that could be achieved in a continuous, countercurrent process and to examine effects of higher zein concentrations on extraction that would be inaccessible with a single batch. The centrifugate concentrations for a series of maize extractions in which the extracted maize and extract solution were cooled prior to centrifugation were analyzed. The data were fit with a model based on a maximum zein concentration in the extract. The fit indicates that the protein content of the liquid centrifugate will not exceed 2% for any series of similar batch extractions, by using centrifugation to separate the maize from the extraction slurry after cooling it to ambient temperature. This contrasts with concentrations of zein of 10% or more achieved by extracting corn gluten using similar conditions. Although the concentration of zein in gluten is higher we believe the concentration difference is mainly due to chemical changes to the zein that take place in the gluten production and the methods used to extract zein from gluten. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Dickey, LC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(01)00093-0 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 502NF UT WOS:000172749100004 ER PT J AU Harry-O'kuru, RE Holser, RA Abbott, TP Weisleder, D AF Harry-O'kuru, RE Holser, RA Abbott, TP Weisleder, D TI Synthesis and characteristics of polyhydroxy triglycerides from milkweed oil SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Asclepias syriaca; milkweed triglycerides; peroxy acid; epoxy triglyceride; polyhydroxyl triglyceride; stable emulsion ID FATTY-ACID ESTERS; PLANT OILS; EPOXIDATION AB The milkweed family Asclepiadaceae comprises many genera including the genus Asclepias syriaca, otherwise known as the common milkweed. This plant had been considered a nuisance and serious efforts made toward its eradication. However, milkweed has become an industrial crop of growing significance on account of market demand for its hypoallergenic floss in pillows, comforters and other industrial uses. Processing of milkweed pods gives three product streams of floss, seed and pod hulls. The seed contains about 25% by weight of very highly unsaturated oil with some unusual fatty acids. The objective of this study was to generate value-added products from milkweed oil. To achieve this, the triglycerides of A. syriaca seed were oxidized to the polyoxirane and polyhydroxy triglyceride derivatives by means of an in situ peroxy acid method. The epoxy triglycerides produced exhibited high stability and highly viscous behavior, whereas the polyhydroxy triglycerides showed additional unusually stable emulsifying properties for oil in water emulsions. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Analyt Chem Serv, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Harry-O'kuru, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 17 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(01)00095-4 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 502NF UT WOS:000172749100006 ER PT J AU Lohr, CV Rurangirwa, FR McElwain, TF Stiller, D Palmer, GH AF Lohr, CV Rurangirwa, FR McElwain, TF Stiller, D Palmer, GH TI Specific expression of Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 salivary gland variants occurs in the midgut and is an early event during tick transmission SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MALE DERMACENTOR-ANDERSONI; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; RICKETTSEMIA; ANTIBODY; INFECTION; IXODIDAE; CATTLE; ACARI; CHAIN AB Infectivity of Anaplasma spp. develops when infected ticks feed on a mammalian host (transmission feed). Specific Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 (MSP2) variants are selected for within the tick and are expressed within the salivary glands. The aims of this study were to determine when and where MSP2 variant selection occurs in the tick, how MSP2 expression is regulated in salivary glands of transmission-feeding ticks, and whether the number of A. marginale organisms per salivary gland is significantly increased during transmission feeding. The South Idaho strain of A. marginale was used, as MSP2 expression is restricted to two variants, SGV1 and SGV2, in Dermacentor andersoni. Using Western blot, real-time PCR, and DNA sequencing analyses it was shown that restriction and expression of MSP2 occurs early, in the midgut within the first 48 h of the blood meal, when ticks acquire infection. A. marginate is present in the tick salivary glands before transmission feeding is initiated, but the msp2 mRNA and MSP2 protein levels per A. marginale organism increase only minimally and transiently in salivary glands of transmission-feeding ticks compared to that of unfed ticks. A. marginale numbers per tick increase gradually in salivary glands of both transmission-fed and unfed ticks. It is concluded that MSP2 variant selection is an early event in the tick and that MSP2 variants SGV1 and SGV2 are expressed both in the midgut and salivary glands. While MSP2 may be required for infectivity, there is no strict temporal correlation between MSP2 expression and the development of infectivity. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. ARS, USDA, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Lohr, CV (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI44005, R37 AI044005, R01 AI044005] NR 34 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 70 IS 1 BP 114 EP 120 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.1.114-120.2002 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 504FX UT WOS:000172847600016 PM 11748171 ER PT J AU Uhlich, GA Keen, JE Elder, RO AF Uhlich, GA Keen, JE Elder, RO TI Variations in the csgD promoter of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 associated with increased virulence in mice and increased invasion of HEp-2 cells SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID FIBRONECTIN-BINDING; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; AGGREGATIVE FIMBRIAE; MOUSE MODEL; CURLI; EXPRESSION; ABILITY; ORGANELLES; DISEASE; TOXIN AB Promoter alterations in the csgD gene of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains ATCC 43894 and ATCC 43895 are associated with variations in curli expression and the ability to bind Congo red dye. Red variants of each strain were more invasive for cultured HEp-2 cells than were white variants. An ATCC 43895 red variant was more virulent than a white variant in a mouse model. However, there were no differences in Shiga toxin production between red and white variants. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Uhlich, GA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 25 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 70 IS 1 BP 395 EP 399 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.1.395-399.2002 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 504FX UT WOS:000172847600051 PM 11748206 ER PT J AU Castro, HZ Rojas, AFG Huerta, YC Medina, AL AF Castro, HZ Rojas, AFG Huerta, YC Medina, AL TI Riparian ecosystems quick assesment methodology in temperate zones SO INGENIERIA HIDRAULICA EN MEXICO LA Spanish DT Article DE riparian ecosystems; quick assessment in watersheds; mountain streams; ecological indicators ID RUNOFF AB An integral methodology to assess performance of riparian ecosystems, based on indicators, was designed and tested. Indicators were constructed from structural components of these ecosystems, The case evaluation results of Tiquio creek, a low order tributary in the Cuitzeo Lake watershed in central Mexico is presented as a study. This methodology was applied at 48 sites along the creek. Results indicate that this stream has highly spatial variable ecological conditions. Degraded sites are found both up and downstream, while preserved sites dominate the middle portion, We concluded that the method has high sensitivity to detect spatial variations of ecological conditions on streams, and is useful for diagnosis and control of watersheds and hydrological networks and so be used to design conservation and management policies. C1 Inst Nacl Invest Forestales & Agropecuarias, Morelia 58030, Michoacan, Mexico. Inst Nacl Invest Forestales & Agropecuarias, INIRENA UMSNH & Proyecto Ecosistemas Riberenos, Morelia 58060, Michoacan, Mexico. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Castro, HZ (reprint author), Inst Nacl Invest Forestales & Agropecuarias, Campo Extal,Constituc 50,Col Morelos, Morelia 58030, Michoacan, Mexico. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INSTITUTO MEXICANO TECHNOLOGIAAGUA PI MORELOS PA APARTADO POSTAL 202, MORELOS 62550 CIVAC, MEXICO SN 0186-4076 J9 ING HIDRAUL MEX JI Ing. Hidraul. Mex. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 17 IS 1 BP 61 EP 74 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 534YU UT WOS:000174618000005 ER PT J AU Cowan, JJ Hill, CL Reiner, RS Weinstock, IA AF Cowan, JJ Hill, CL Reiner, RS Weinstock, IA TI Dodecatungstoaluminic acid and its monolacunary and mixed-addendum derivatives SO INORGANIC SYNTHESIS, VOL 33 SE INORGANIC SYNTHESES LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY C1 Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Cowan, JJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Chem, 1515 Pierce Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 11 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 3RD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0073-8077 J9 INORG SYN PY 2002 VL 33 BP 18 EP 26 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA BU84N UT WOS:000177164500003 ER PT J AU Vilhelmsen, L Smith, DR AF Vilhelmsen, L Smith, DR TI Revision of the 'ophrynopine' genera Argentophrynopus gen. n., Guiglia Benson, Kulcania Benson, Ophrella Middlekauff, Ophrynon Middlekauff, Ophrynopus Konow, and Stirocorsia Konow (Hymenoptera : Orussidae) SO INSECT SYSTEMATICS & EVOLUTION LA English DT Article ID INSECTA AB The genera Argentophrynopus Vilhelmsen & Smith, gen. n., Guiglia Benson, Kulcania Benson, Ophrella Middlekauff, Ophrynon Middlekauff, Ophrynopus Konow, and Stirocorsia Konow of the wasp family Orussidae are revised. This group of genera of Orussidae occurs from southern United States to Chile and in Japan, southeastern Asia, and Australia. In total, 27 species are recognized, including Argentophrynopus enigmus Vilhelmsen & Smith, sp. n., A. gauldi Vilhelmsen & Smith, sp. n., Guiglia rubicunda Schmidt, sp. n., Ophrynopus carinatus Vilhelmsen & Smith, sp. n., and Ophrynopus hansoni Vilhelmsen & Smith, sp. n. Guiglia queenslandensis coronata Rayment is considered a new junior synonym of G. sericatus (Mocsary); G. aureola Benson is considered a species inquirenda. Kulcania tomentosa (Middlekauff), comb. n., is transferred from Ophrynopus. Ophrynopus philippinensis Guiglia is considered a new junior synonym of Stirocorsia kohli Konow; Ophrynella rossi Yasumatsu, syn. n., and Oryssus trifasciatus Cameron, rev. stat., are both considered junior synonyms of Stirocorsia maculipennis (Smith). Keys and distribution maps of all recognized species are provided, as well as descriptions of all genera. C1 Uppsala Univ, EBC, Dept Systemat Zool, S-75236 Uppsala, Sweden. Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Vilhelmsen, L (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Zool Museum, Univ Parken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. RI Vilhelmsen, Lars/A-3396-2013 OI Vilhelmsen, Lars/0000-0002-5593-5722 NR 87 TC 9 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU APOLLO BOOKS PI STENSTRUP PA KIRKEBY SAND, 19, DK-5771 STENSTRUP, DENMARK SN 1399-560X J9 INSECT SYST EVOL JI Insect Syst. Evol. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 4 BP 387 EP 420 PG 34 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 645NX UT WOS:000180985700002 ER PT J AU Cnaani, J Schmid-Hempel, R Schmidt, JO AF Cnaani, J Schmid-Hempel, R Schmidt, JO TI Colony development, larval development and worker reproduction in Bombus impatiens Cresson SO INSECTES SOCIAUX LA English DT Article DE Bombus impatiens; larval development; worker reproduction; multiple mating ID CASTE DETERMINATION; TERRESTRIS COLONY; HYMENOPTERA; QUEEN; APIDAE AB In this study we describe colony development, larval development, worker reproduction and mating frequency of the queen in laboratory colonies of Bombus impatiens Cresson. Comparison of our observations with data from B. terrestris - the best studied bumblebee - revealed both similarities and dissimilarities between the two. Colonies of B. impatiens have a high number of workers (374.5 +/- 108), but relatively low number of young queens (9.4 +/- 20) and males (8.97 +/- 20). As in B. terrestris, size differences between the castes in B. impatiens were pronounced and became conspicuous as differences in the molting weight of the larvae, starting at the second instar. Workers are able to lay eggs and about 9% of the workers in old colonies had mature oocytes in their ovaries. Despite this, workers were almost never observed to lay eggs in the presence of the queen, and the "competition phase" which is known from B. terrestris was never observed. Mating frequency of the queen was examined using molecular techniques. Two out of ten queens had mated with 2 different males, suggesting some degree of polyandry in the population. C1 ARS, USDA, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. ETH Zentrum, Expt Ecol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RP Cnaani, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. EM jcnaani@tucson.ars.ag.gov NR 31 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 29 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1812 EI 1420-9098 J9 INSECT SOC JI Insect. Soc. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2 BP 164 EP 170 DI 10.1007/s00040-002-8297-8 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 572AD UT WOS:000176750600012 ER PT S AU Garcia, ER Hemphill, N AF Garcia, ER Hemphill, N BE Wetzel, RG TI Factors influencing the conservation of freshwater decapod crustaceans in Puerto Rico SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 28, PT 2, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 2001 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol ID WATER C1 USDA, Forest Serv So Reg, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. RP Garcia, ER (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv So Reg, 1720 Peachtree Rd NW,Suite 816 N, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54061-1 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2002 VL 28 BP 807 EP 810 PN 2 PG 4 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BW12R UT WOS:000180942800056 ER PT S AU Hemphill, N Garcia, ER AF Hemphill, N Garcia, ER BE Wetzel, RG TI Diadromous fish in the Caribbean, are they in peril? SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 28, PT 2, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 2001 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol ID WATER C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Hemphill, N (reprint author), 1807 Lake Ridge Terrace, Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54061-1 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2002 VL 28 BP 811 EP 814 PN 2 PG 4 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BW12R UT WOS:000180942800057 ER PT S AU Zimba, PV Boue, S Chatham, MA Nonneman, D AF Zimba, PV Boue, S Chatham, MA Nonneman, D BE Wetzel, RG TI Variants of microcystin in south-eastern USA channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque) production ponds SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 28 PT 3, PROCEEDINGS SE International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 2001 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol C1 USDA ARS, Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Zimba, PV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RI Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54062-X J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2002 VL 28 BP 1163 EP 1166 PN 3 PG 4 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BW55W UT WOS:000182406300001 ER PT J AU Curling, SF Clausen, CA Winandy, JR AF Curling, SF Clausen, CA Winandy, JR TI Experimental method to quantify progressive stages of decay of wood by basidiomycete fungi SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE incipient decay; test method; strength testing; brown-rot decay; white-rot decay; Gloeophyllum trabeum; Oligoporus placentus; Trametes (Coriolus) versicolor ID STRENGTH AB A biological exposure method was developed that allows wood samples to be progressively removed for monitoring colonization and decay by basidiomycete fungi. Monitoring involves strength tests, determination of weight loss, and chemical analysis. To optimize the procedure, several variations of the method were tested using two species of brown-rot fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum and Oligoporus placentus (Postia placenta)) and one white-rot species (Trametes versicolor) against southern pine sapwood. The variations involved type of culture medium and exposure method. All variations enabled substantial and rapid decay. Specimens exposed to brown-rot fungi lost 80-100% strength and 25-40% weight after 12 weeks; the white-rot fungus was less effective, but nevertheless caused 20-40% loss in strength. For both brown- and white-rot fungi, strength loss exceeded weight loss. For brown-rot fungi, there was a direct relationship between strength loss and weight loss, suggesting a quantitative relationship between strength loss and chemical composition (hemicellulose sugars) during incipient decay of southern pine by these fungi. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Winandy, JR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. NR 16 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 AR PII S0964-8305(01)00101-9 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(01)00101-9 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 539GD UT WOS:000174861400002 ER PT J AU Fall, MW Jackson, WB AF Fall, MW Jackson, WB TI Special issue - Vertebrate deteriogens: Management of Vertebrate Pests and Over-abundant Wildlife - Preface SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Biol, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Fall, MW (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2-3 BP 85 EP 85 AR PII S0964-8305(01)00105-6 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(01)00105-6 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 546TL UT WOS:000175290200001 ER PT J AU Fall, MW Jackson, WB AF Fall, MW Jackson, WB TI The tools and techniques of wildlife damage management - changing needs: an introduction SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE wildlife damage; wildlife management; human-wildlife contact; management methods; vertebrate pest control ID VERTEBRATE AB A wide array of tools and techniques is available for managing the growing variety of conflict situations among humans and wildlife. However, changing social dynamics and the emergence of the animal rights movement have led to increasing restriction or elimination of many of the traditional strategies or materials used by wildlife managers, creating a demand for new approaches to wildlife damage management. The challenge to wildlife scientists is to provide data to maintain the broadest array of appropriate, science-based techniques and management options, while fostering the rapid development and application of new technology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Biol, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Fall, MW (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM michael.w.fall@aphis.usda.gov NR 38 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 EI 1879-0208 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2-3 BP 87 EP 91 AR PII S0964-8305(01)00107-X DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(01)00107-X PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 546TL UT WOS:000175290200002 ER PT J AU Engeman, RM Vice, DS York, D Gruver, KS AF Engeman, RM Vice, DS York, D Gruver, KS TI Sustained evaluation of the effectiveness of detector dogs for locating brown tree snakes in cargo outbound from Guam SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE Boiga irregularis; canine inspections; exotic species ID BOIGA-IRREGULARIS AB The accidental introduction of the brown tree snake Boiga irregularis to Guam has resulted in the extirpation of most of the island's native terrestrial vertebrates, has created a health hazard to infants and children, and has resulted in economic losses. The high brown tree snake population densities on Guam, the species' adaptations for successful dispersal, and Guam's position as a focal point for commercial and military cargo shipments have created a high level of concern that brown tree snakes could spread from Guam to colonize other vulnerable locations. Cargo inspections using teams of handlers and their detector dogs form the last line of defense for preventing brown tree snake dispersal from Guam. We assessed the efficacy of the teams of handlers and their dogs during 1998 and 1999 for locating stowed brown tree snakes by planting live brown tree snakes (in escape-proof containers) in cargo without the knowledge of the handlers inspecting the cargo. Many of these inspections were monitored by a concealed observer to determine the reason if a planted snake was not located by the dog teams. For 1998 and 1999, we found similar efficacies of 61% and 64%, respectively. When the snakes were not located by the dogs, we found that twice as many were missed because the dog did not change its behavior in response to the snake rather than because the handler did not conduct an adequate search pattern. During daytime inspections we found a greater efficacy for outdoor inspections than for indoor inspections. We found that the average efficacy of 62% for the 1998-99 period was lower than the baseline efficacy of 70% established in 1997. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, APHIS, WS, Barrigada Hts, GU 96921 USA. RP Engeman, RM (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2-3 BP 101 EP 106 AR PII S0964-8305(01)00109-3 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(01)00109-3 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 546TL UT WOS:000175290200004 ER PT J AU Ahmed, MS Fiedler, LA AF Ahmed, MS Fiedler, LA TI A comparison of four rodent control methods in Philippine experimental rice fields SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE rodent control; rodenticide baiting; sustained baiting; pulsed baiting; barriers; electric fences; coumachlor; brodifacoum; ricefield rats AB Four rodent control techniques-sustained baiting (SB) with coumachlor, pulsed baiting (PB) with brodifacoum, a lethal electrified barrier (LEB), and a nonlethal electrified barrier (NLEB)-were evaluated on the experimental farm of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the Philippines. A fifth treatment (no experimental rodent control) was established for reference. Mean tiller damage and rodent activity, respectively, near harvest were 1.0% and 1.5% in the LEB plots, 1.6% and 18.0% in the SB plots, 2.1% and 16.0% in the PB plots, and 4.1% and 32.5% in the NLEB plots. Highest mean tiller damage (9.3%) and rodent activity (56.0%) occurred in plots with no experimental rodent control. Both baiting methods (SB and PB) were less expensive than barrier methods (LEB and NLEB). During an 80-day crop protection period prevalent on the IRRI experimental farm, the total cost per hectare (US$) for protecting experimental plots from rodent damage was $26 for SB, $27 for PB, $268 for NLEB, and $1285 for LEB. Baiting methods were more cost-effective and are recommended for general rodent control on research farms that can tolerate less than or equal to2% rodent damage without losing experimental data. For small research plots demanding a greater degree of protection, an effective barrier system such as the LEB or a combination of the NLEB and LEB should be used. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. BASF Corp, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Fiedler, LA (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2-3 BP 125 EP 132 AR PII S0964-8305(01)00112-3 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(01)00112-3 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 546TL UT WOS:000175290200008 ER PT J AU Ramey, CA Matschke, GH Hegdal, PL McCann, GR Engeman, RM AF Ramey, CA Matschke, GH Hegdal, PL McCann, GR Engeman, RM TI Safe efficacy of three strychnine alkaloid bait concentrations for hand-baiting control of plains pocket gophers SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE safe efficacy; strychnine; hand-baiting; pocket gophers AB In November 1990, field efficacy studies using milo baits formulated with 0.35%, 0.75%, or 1.30% strychnine alkaloid were compared to a placebo (0.0% strychnine) for controlling plains pocket gophers (Geomys bursaries) near Pleasanton, Texas. These data were required by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as partial fulfillment for the maintenance of the rodenticide registrations of the US Department of Agriculture. Each of four treatment units (TUs) within a block (2) was randomly assigned one of the four baits. Within each TU, 15 gophers were captured (balanced roughly for gender) and instrumented with radio transmitters. Following a pretreatment acclimation averaging 4.1 days, bait (4 g) was placed in active pocket gopher burrows by hand-baiting. Pocket gopher mortality was measured by monitoring the fate of radio-equipped pocket gophers (n = 123) both pretreatment and posttreatment. Lack of gopher movement on two consecutive days indicated death, and the carcass was retrieved. Strychnine mortality was based on chemical analyses of carcasses, and it occurred in 0.0%, 66.7%, 96.3%, and 89.7% of gophers from the 0.0%, 0.35%, 0.75% and 1.30% TUs, respectively. Natural mortality was 7% on the placebo TUs. All three strychnine treatments provided significantly increased mortality over the placebo (P < 0.0001) using Fisher's exact test for paired comparisons. A difference in gopher mortality occurred between the 0.32% and 0.77% strychnine treatments (P = 0.003), but not between the other comparisons (0.32% vs 1.30%, P = 0.18 and 0.77% vs. 1.30%, P = 0.24). Gopher carcasses recovered posttreatment indicated 68 of 86 (79.1%) had strychnine alkaloid residues. The non-target strychnine hazard (using least-squares means) by treatment were 4.85 ppm (0.35%), 8.04 ppm (0.75%), and 9.47 ppm (1.30%). Carcass residue differences were not detected among strychnine treatments (F = 2.48, df = 2, 3, P = 0.23). Fortunately, non-target exposure was greatly decreased because all carcasses with strychnine residues were recovered underground at a mean depth of 0.51 m (SE = 0.027, range 0.15-1.17 m). Placebo-baited TUs had 27 survivors and 2 deaths from unknown causes. None had detectable strychnine levels. No non-target mortalities were documented during carcass searches and radio-tracking activities. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlifer Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Ramey, CA (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlifer Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2-3 BP 139 EP 143 AR PII S0964-8305(01)00114-7 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(01)00114-7 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 546TL UT WOS:000175290200010 ER PT J AU Sterner, RT Ames, AD Kimball, BA AF Sterner, RT Ames, AD Kimball, BA TI Persistence of capsicum oleoresin in soil SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article AB We studied the persistence of capsicum oleoresin in a sandy loam soil. Five capsicum-soil concentrations (6.00%, 3.00%, 1.50%, 0.75%, and 0.00% wt: vol) were prepared in separate plastic boxes without lids; soils were elevated above wire-screen sub-floors to allow percolation and were exposed outdoors to ambient conditions. Plexiglass shields were placed above the boxes to allow ventilation but to deflect precipitation. During an initial 14-day period, soils were sprinkled once daily with 0.64 ml/cm(2) of water to simulate rainfall, then were maintained dry for a final 14 days. Spectrophotometric measurements (282 nm capsaicin wavelength) of independent, dual, oven-dried, 10-g samples from each soil mixture were made for Days 0 (pre-watering), 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 28 post mixing. Results showed that: (1) simulated rainfall was an important linear regressor of capsicum oleoresin in a sandy loam soil accounting for 43-75% of spectrophotometric variation, (2) mean absorbance (282 nm) of soil extracts decreased greater than or equal to45% after cumulative sprinkling with 8.96 cm of water (14 days of 0.64 cm/day), then remained essentially unchanged during a subsequent 14 days without simulated rainfall, and (3) regression slopes for the initial 14-day mean l,,, absorbance functions for the 4 oleoresin-soil mixtures were heterogeneous (i.e., differed in slope), with greater concentrations showing relatively faster depletion. Thus, capsicum oleoresin persisted in soil for greater than or equal to28 days, with persistence enhanced under arid conditions. Although costs of capsicum oleoresin are prohibitive, these persistence data support the feasibility of developing "in-soil irritant" technology to repel fossorial rodents from prescribed areas-a less expensive, persistent irritant is sought. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Sterner, RT (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2-3 BP 145 EP 149 AR PII S0964-8305(01)00115-9 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(01)00115-9 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 546TL UT WOS:000175290200011 ER PT J AU Ramey, CA Matschke, GH Engeman, RM AF Ramey, CA Matschke, GH Engeman, RM TI Seasonal marking efficacy of Dupont oil blue A dye on steam-rolled oat groat baits for valley pocket gophers SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE pocket gophers; marker; Dupont oil blue A ID WEST-INDIES; MONGOOSES; ANTIGUA AB We examined if Valley pocket gophers (Thomomys bottae) exhibited a seasonal preference for consuming steamed-rolled oat (SRO) groat bait treated with 1.6% Dupont oil blue A (fat-marking dye). Field tests were conducted in California alfalfa fields during winter, summer, and fall, and in walnut orchards during winter and summer. Five treatment units (TUs) were established each with similar to60 burrows for each season and habitat studied during 1997-1999. SRO groat marker bait (4 g) was placed inside each active burrow. All bait sites were re-opened about 96 h later and examined for the presence (all or some) or absence of bait. The average bait site disturbance after 4 days of baiting was 78.2%. Traps were used to capture gophers up to 5 days after baiting. Valley pocket gophers (n = 744) were examined for the presence of blue dye in their cheek pouches, skin/fur, and fat. We expected that if gophers moved the bait, their cheek pouches and fur would be marked; if they consumed bait, their fat would be marked. In alfalfa, 54.2%, 46.8%, and 65.7%, of gophers were marked (trapping on days 5-9) by blue dye in one or more of their cheek pouches, skin, fur, or subcutaneous fat in the winter, summer, or fall, respectively. In orchards, 57.1% of gophers were marked in winter and 53.4% in summer. Of those that were marked, all (100%) had their fat dyed blue, followed by skin/fur (34.4% males :43.7% females) and cheek pouches (5.7% males : 10.1% females). ANOVA results indicated no difference in seasonal marking efficacy in either alfalfa or orchards (F = 3.59, P = 0.0598 and F = 0.12, P = 0.7384, respectively). The usefulness of 1.6% Dupont oil blue A dye as a marking agent for Valley pocket gophers was not demonstrated overall or for any season in either habitat. Therefore, a better marker for this gopher is needed. Some factors that may have influenced these results were discussed including: (1) baiting methodology ( similar to66% of the bait sites were devoid of bait at the end of the study), (2) species specific dye properties, (3) bait acceptance (i.e. aversion to the dye), or (4) availability of alternative foods. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Ramey, CA (reprint author), US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2-3 BP 163 EP 167 AR PII S0964-8305(01)00117-2 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(01)00117-2 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 546TL UT WOS:000175290200014 ER PT J AU Engeman, RM Peterla, J Constantin, B AF Engeman, RM Peterla, J Constantin, B TI Methyl anthranilate aerosol for dispersing birds from the flight lines at Homestead Air Reserve Station SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE airport hazards; bird airstrike; repellent ID WILDLIFE; GAS AB The failure of traditional hazing methods to provide a lasting dispersal of birds from the flight lines at Homestead Air Reserve Station, Florida led to trials with Rejex-it(R) TP-40 methyl anthranilate (MA) formulation as an aerosol. A variety of civil, military and other government aircraft use the base, including combat aircraft which are particularly prone to bird airstrikes due to low altitude, high speed flights. Migrating swallows and killdeer congregate at the airfield to forage on insects, and the large numbers of birds cause restrictions in airfield operations because of potential strike hazards with aircraft. MA applied by fogger upwind of the areas to be protected was found to provide a dispersal lasting the remainder of the day. The median time from imposition of airfield restrictions on flight operations to a declaration of a low bird hazard potential was approximately 45 min, and 75% of applications resulted in removal of airfield restrictions within 1.5 h. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, APHIS, WS, Gainesville, FL 32641 USA. RP Engeman, RM (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2-3 BP 175 EP 178 AR PII S0964-8305(01)00119-6 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(01)00119-6 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 546TL UT WOS:000175290200016 ER PT J AU Linz, GM Kenyon, MJ Homan, HJ Bleier, WJ AF Linz, GM Kenyon, MJ Homan, HJ Bleier, WJ TI Avian use of rice-baited corn stubble in east-central South Dakota SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE avicide; bait preference; cornfields; DRC-1339; nontarget birds; red-winged blackbirds; South Dakota; sunflower ID ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY; NORTH-DAKOTA; BIRDS; REPELLENCY; CHEMICALS; WILDLIFE; ROOSTS AB Blackbirds (Icteridae) cause substantial damage to ripening sunflower (Helianthus annus) in the northern Great Plains. One management option to reduce damage is to bait spring-migrating blackbirds with the compound DRC-1339 (3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride). In March and April 1994 and 95, we evaluated nontarget risks associated with use of DRC-1339-treated rice baits broadcast in fields of corn stubble in east-central South Dakota. In 1994, we counted 159 nontarget birds during 105 15-min observations in rice-baited and unbaited plots. In 1995, 178 nontarget birds were recorded during 816 1-min periods. We detected no difference in granivorous bird abundance between rice-baited and unbaited plots in either year (P's greater than or equal to 0.05). Of the 15 identified nontarget species, meadowlarks (Sturnella spp.) and ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) probably are most at risk because of their high susceptibility to DRC-1339. Prebaiting blackbirds into small plots placed away from field edges and diluting bait with untreated rice might mitigate nontarget losses. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Zool, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Linz, GM (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 2110 Miriam Circle,Suite B, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2-3 BP 179 EP 184 AR PII S0964-8305(01)00120-2 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(01)00120-2 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 546TL UT WOS:000175290200017 ER PT J AU Cummings, JL Glahn, JF Wilson, EA Davis, JE AF Cummings, JL Glahn, JF Wilson, EA Davis, JE TI Potential hazards of DRC-1339 treated rice to non-target birds when used at roost staging areas in Louisiana to reduce local populations of depredating blackbirds SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article ID CARCASSES AB Hazards of DRC-1339 treated brown rice to non-target birds were assessed during an operational baiting program near Point Blue, Louisiana, USA. The predominant non-target birds using DRC-1339 bait sites and surrounding habitat were savannah sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis), mourning doves (Zenaida macroura), killdeers (Charadrius rociferus), and unidentified sparrows (Fringillidae). Systematic searches of DRC-1339 bait sites and adjacent habitat for non-target dead or affected birds produced 1 northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis). There was no mortality of potential non-target-species, savannah sparrows, white-crown sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys), field sparrows (Spizella pusilla), song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) and chipping sparrows (Spizella passerina) that were held in captivity and offered only 2% DRC-1339 treated brown rice diluted 1 : 27 with untreated brown rice for 1 and 12 h each day for 5 days. There was no hazard of DRC-1339 to most non-target species using the test areas. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA, APHIS, WS, Crowley, LA 70527 USA. RP Cummings, JL (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2-3 BP 185 EP 188 AR PII S0964-8305(01)00121-4 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(01)00121-4 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 546TL UT WOS:000175290200018 ER PT J AU Mason, JR Pitt, WC Bodenchuk, MJ AF Mason, JR Pitt, WC Bodenchuk, MJ TI Factors influencing the efficiency of fixed wing aerial hunting for coyotes in the western United States SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE aircraft; Canis latrans; coyote; hunting; predation; shooting; wildlife damage AB Aerial hunting is an effective tool for the removal of problem coyotes (Cams latrans). However, factors that predict hunt success remain largely obscure. To address this issue, we asked USDA-APHIS-Wildlife Services pilots in five western states to record meteorological data, ground conditions, and flight circumstances (e.g., purpose of flight, whether or not a ground crew was used) between December 1998 and August 1999. We obtained 426 flight records and evaluated them in relation to coyotes seen/h and coyotes killed/h of aerial hunting, with pilot as a covariate. Air temperature, resource to be protected, use of ground crew, degree of preventative control, cloud cover, snow cover, vegetative cover, wind direction, season, and lunar phase were significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) related to coyotes killed/h of aerial hunting. Variables that were not significantly (p greater than or equal to 0.05) related to coyotes killed/h were wind speed, steepness of terrain, barometric pressure and shotgun cartridge type. Our findings may have practical implications for increasing the efficiency of both aerial survey and aerial hunting operations important for coyote damage management. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA, APHIS, WS,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, APHIS, WS, Salt Lake City, UT 84126 USA. RP Mason, JR (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, APHIS, WS,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, BNR-163, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2-3 BP 189 EP 197 AR PII S0964-8305(01)00122-6 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(01)00122-6 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 546TL UT WOS:000175290200019 ER PT J AU Knowlton, FF Ebbert, SM AF Knowlton, FF Ebbert, SM TI Disposition of fluid from Livestock Protection Collars following coyote attacks on collared goats SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; coyote; goat; Livestock Protection Collar; physiologic marker; predation AB We estimated the amount of fluid from Livestock Protection Collars (LPCs) that was ingested by coyotes during attacks on domestic goats (Capra hircus). The minimum dose coyotes received from both small (30 ml) and large (60 ml) LPCs was 0.1 ml, although the average amount of fluid ingested by coyotes was 1.0 and 4.9 ml for the small and large LPCs, respectively. Secondarily, we also determined (I) that once an LPC bladder was punctured, 85-90% of the fluid was dispensed, and (2) the amount of LPC fluid retained on the skin and wool of the animal attacked, averaged 7.5 and 12.7 ml for small and large LPCs, respectively (range = 3.9-22.0 ml). On average, 56% of the LPC fluid dispensed during a coyote attack was not accounted for in these trials. Suggestions for enhancing the portion of LPC fluid ingested, and thereby reducing environmental risks and contamination, are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Knowlton, FF (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2-3 BP 199 EP 204 AR PII S0964-8305(01)00123-8 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(01)00123-8 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 546TL UT WOS:000175290200020 ER PT J AU Engeman, RM Maedke, BK Beckerman, SF AF Engeman, RM Maedke, BK Beckerman, SF TI Estimating deer damage losses in cabbage SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE damage assessment; quadrat sampling; variable area transect; vertebrate pest damage ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; DENSITY AB A standardized procedure for estimating deer damage in cabbage is used to settle claims for compensation of losses in the state of Wisconsin. By completely enumerating all damaged heads of cabbage in a field, we validated the standard procedure for accuracy. The general paradigm used for assessing losses requires a subjective examination of the field to define strata with and without damage, obtaining representative samples of undamaged heads in each strata with 3 quadrats, then converting the difference in density of undamaged heads between strata into an estimate of damage for the entire field. Weighing a sample of undamaged heads allows estimation of the total weight lost to deer damage and the calculation of a cost value. We also applied a form of variable area transect (VAT) sampling without stratification of the field to test whether this less labor-intensive sampling method could produce adequate loss estimates. The field had 1265 commercial-quality cabbage heads damaged by deer. The standard assessment procedure estimated 1330 damaged heads, whereas VAT sampling estimated at most 346 damaged heads. We concluded that the standard procedure was quite accurate, and we suggested modifications to the VAT sampling that might lead to greater accuracy in future trials. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Waupun, WI 53963 USA. RP Engeman, RM (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2-3 BP 205 EP 207 AR PII S0964-8305(01)00124-X DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(01)00124-X PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 546TL UT WOS:000175290200021 ER PT J AU Stewart, WB Witmer, GW Koehler, GM Norton, M AF Stewart, WB Witmer, GW Koehler, GM Norton, M TI Incisor analysis technique to predict the gender of black bears damaging trees SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article AB Black bear (Ursus americanus) feeding on tree cambium is a forest management concern in the Pacific Northwest. Predicting the gender of bears foraging on cambium could provide valuable insight for damage management by focusing management on depredating bears. Equations were generated from dental impressions taken from live bears captured in western Washington State to classify the gender of bears that left incisor grooves on freshly damaged trees. Males had wider primary, 11, (0.55 cm +/- 0.01, P = 0.04) and secondary, 12, upper incisors (0.67 cm +/- 0.01, P = 0.001) than female bears (0.49 cm +/- 0.02 and 0.58 cm +/- 0.01, respectively). The widths of individual incisor grooves in the cambium of trees in western Washington were measured and compared to dental measurements from live bears, revealing that females damaged 90% (88 of 98 trees with 11 impressions; 66 of 73 trees with 12 impressions) of trees sampled during 1996. Damage management programs should target female bears rather than indiscriminately applied to all bear age-gender classes. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Long Isl Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, Shirley, NY 11967 USA. USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Snoqualmie, WA 98065 USA. RP Stewart, WB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Long Isl Natl Wildlife Refuge Complex, POB 21, Shirley, NY 11967 USA. EM Bill_Stewart@fws.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 EI 1879-0208 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2-3 BP 209 EP 212 AR PII S0964-8305(01)00106-8 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(01)00106-8 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 546TL UT WOS:000175290200022 ER PT J AU Bruggers, RL Owens, R Hoffman, T AF Bruggers, RL Owens, R Hoffman, T TI Wildlife damage management research needs: perceptions of scientists, wildlife managers, and stakeholders of the USDA/Wildlife Services program SO INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION LA English DT Article DE wildlife damage; research needs; wildlife management ID AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS; UNITED-STATES; LOSSES AB This paper presents the results of a nationwide research needs assessment of the important wildlife-human conflict issues and associated research needs of the USDA/APHIS-Wildlife Services (WS) program and its stakeholders. Thirty-six WS State Directors, 23 WS/National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) scientists and 6 members of the National Wildlife Services Advisory Committee (NWSAC) to the US Secretary of Agriculture responded to a request for participation. This paper compares these current research needs with previous regional and national research needs assessments for wildlife damage management in the United States. Important national problems identified included issues related to aviation, timber, agriculture, aquaculture, and livestock industries, as well as wildlife-borne diseases, invasive species, and overabundant wildlife populations. This assessment provides useful input, along with legislative and administrative guidance, to NWRC for allocating resources to specific research projects that address the WS program's needs for knowledge and new methods. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Wildlife Serv, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USDA, Wildlife Serv, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. RP Bruggers, RL (reprint author), Wildlife Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-8305 J9 INT BIODETER BIODEGR JI Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2-3 BP 213 EP 223 AR PII S0964-8305(01)00042-2 DI 10.1016/S0964-8305(02)00042-2 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 546TL UT WOS:000175290200023 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Graham, DH Blackston, CR Lehmann, T Gennari, SM Ragozo, AMA Nishi, SM Shen, SK Kwok, OCH Hilla, DE Thulliez, P AF Dubey, JP Graham, DH Blackston, CR Lehmann, T Gennari, SM Ragozo, AMA Nishi, SM Shen, SK Kwok, OCH Hilla, DE Thulliez, P TI Biological and genetic characterisation of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Sao Paulo, Brazil: unexpected findings SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; genotyping; mouse virulent strains; chickens; Brazil ID CLONAL LINEAGES; COSTA-RICA; STRAINS; CATS; INFECTION; IMMUNITY; ABORTION; OOCYSTS; MICE AB In spite of a wide host range and a world wide distribution, Toxoplasma gondii has a low genetic diversity. Most isolates of T. gondii can be grouped into two to three lineages. Type I strains are considered highly virulent in outbred laboratory mice, and have been isolated predominantly from clinical cases of human toxoplasmosis whereas types II and III strains are considered avirulent for mice. In the present study, 17 of 25 of the T. gondii isolates obtained from asymptomatic chickens from rural areas surrounding Sao Paulo, Brazil were type I. Antibodies to T. gondii were measured in 82 chicken sera by the modified agglutination test using whole formalin-preserved tachyzoites and mercaptoethanol and titres of 1:10 or more were found in 32 chickens. Twenty-two isolates of T. gondii were obtained by bioassay in mice inoculated with brains and hearts of 29 seropositive (greater than or equal to1:40) chickens and three isolates were obtained from the faeces of cats fed tissues from 52 chickens with no or low levels (<1:40) of antibodies. In total, 25 isolates of T. gondii were obtained by bioassay of 82 chicken tissues into mice and cats. All type I isolates killed all infected mice within 4 weeks whereas type III isolates were less virulent to mice. There were no type II strains. Tissue cysts were found in mice infected with all 25 isolates and all nine type I isolates produced oocysts. Infected chickens were from localities that were 18-200 km apart, indicating no common source for T. gondii isolates. This is the first report of isolation of predominantly type I strains of T. gondii from a food animal. Epidemiological implications of these findings are discussed. 0 2002 Australian Society fur Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Inst Puericulture, Lab Toxoplasmose, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; Nishi, Sandra /H-1373-2013 OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; Nishi, Sandra /0000-0003-1800-5451 NR 41 TC 175 Z9 187 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 32 IS 1 BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00364-2 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 520AP UT WOS:000173758000011 PM 11796127 ER PT J AU King, JC AF King, JC TI Biotechnology: A solution for improving nutrient bioavailability SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Bioavailability Symposium on Bioavailability of Micronutrients in Relation to Human Health CY MAY 30-JUN 01, 2001 CL INTERLAKEN, SWITZERLAND DE food biotechnology; nutrient bioavailability; genetic engineering; iron ID ABSORPTION AB Biotechnology strategies are now available to improve the amount and availability of nutrients in plant crops: Those strategies include simple plant selection for varieties with high nutrient density in the seeds, crossbreeding for incorporating a desired trait within a plant, and genetic engineering to manipulate the nutrient content of the plant. In plant cross-breeding, all genes of the parent plants are combined and the progeny have both desirable and undesirable traits. To eliminate undesirable traits, plant breeders back-cross the new plant varieties with other plants over several generations. This technique, called hybridization; has been used to create varieties of low-phytate corn, barley, and rice. Using the techniques of genetic engineering, the gene(s) encoding; for a desired trait(s) in a plant are introduced in a precise and controlled manner within a relatively short period of time. Golden rice, containing carotenoids, and rice with higher amounts of iron, are two examples of genetically engineered plants for improved nutrition. Genetic engineering has tremendous potential for revolutionizing nutrition. However, public concerns regarding safety, appearance, and ethics must be overcome before these products can be effectively introduced into the food, supply. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP King, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 16 PU VERLAG HANS HUBER PI BERN 9 PA LANGGASS-STRASSE 76, CH-3000 BERN 9, SWITZERLAND SN 0300-9831 J9 INT J VITAM NUTR RES JI Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 72 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1024/0300-9831.72.1.7 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 533HT UT WOS:000174524200002 PM 11887755 ER PT J AU Cox, L Koskinen, WC Hermosin, MC Cornejo, J Arthur, EL AF Cox, L Koskinen, WC Hermosin, MC Cornejo, J Arthur, EL TI Sorption of two new sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides and their metabolites on organic and inorganic exchanged smectites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alkylammonium cations; clay; metabolites; organoclay; smectite; sorption; sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides ID SOIL COLLOIDS; ORGANOCLAYS; ADSORPTION; CLAYS; MONTMORILLONITES; FORMULATIONS; ALACHLOR; ATRAZINE; SIMAZINE; SURFACES AB The sorption capacity and possible mechanisms of sorption of two new sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbicides, methyl 2-[[[(4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-5-oxo-3-propoxy-1 H -1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]benzoate (MKH 6561) and (4,5-dihydro-3-methoxy-4-methyl-5-oxo- N -[[2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]sulfonyl]-1 H -1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide) (MKH 6562), and their potential metabolites, 2,4-dihydro-4-methyl-5-propoxy-3 H -1,2,4-triazol-3-one (triazole) and 2-trifluoromethoxybenzenesulfonamide (phenylsulfonamide) on octadecyl (C18) and dioctadecyldimethylammonium (DOD) saturated and Fe3+ and Na+ saturated smectites has been investigated. Sorption of MKH 6561 on inorganic clays and C18 organoclays was much higher than for MKH 6562, but was similar on DOD saturated clays. For C18 saturated clays, sorption of both parent compounds increased with decreasing layer charge of the organosmectite. Sorption of triazole metabolite, which was much lower than for its parent compound MKH 6561, was higher on inorganic and C18 saturated clays than on DOD saturated clays or inorganic clays. Phenylsulfonamide metabolic sorption, which was also lower than the corresponding parent compound MKH 6562, was higher on DOD saturated clays than on C18 or inorganic saturated clays. These differences in sorption behaviour are related to the diverse relative contribution of hydrophobic and polar interactions for the various compound-clay systems. C1 CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol, E-41080 Seville, Spain. ARS, Soil Water Management Res Unit, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Bayer Corp, Stilwell, KS 66085 USA. RP Cox, L (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol, Apartado 1052, E-41080 Seville, Spain. RI COX, LUCIA/M-4072-2015; OI Cornejo, Juan/0000-0002-2552-3495; , LUCIA/0000-0003-2113-4780 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PY 2002 VL 82 IS 8-9 BP 553 EP 560 DI 10.1080/03067310290011863 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 622ER UT WOS:000179634000006 ER PT J AU Wang, D Dowell, FE Lan, Y Pasikatan, M Maghirang, E AF Wang, D Dowell, FE Lan, Y Pasikatan, M Maghirang, E TI Determining pecky rice kernels using visible and near-infrared spectroscopy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID GRAIN MILLED SAMPLES; REFLECTANCE ANALYSIS; QUALITY AB Peck caused by stink-bug is an important quality factor for rice grading, marketing, and end-use. The current visual method of separating pecky rice kernels from sound kernels is time consuming, tedious, and subject to, error. The objective of this research was to develop an objective method for classifying pecky rice kernels and sound rice kernels using visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. A diode-array NIR spectrometer,, which measured absorbance spectra (log (1/R)) from 400 to 1700 nm, was. used to differentiate pecky rice kernels and sound rice kernels individually. Partial least squares (PLS) regression models with three wavelength regions (400-750, 400-1700, and 750-1700 nm) and two-wavelength models were developed. Results showed that both PLS models and two-wavelength models can be used to classify pecky rice kernels. For PLS models, the NIR wavelength region of 750-1,700 nm gave the highest percentage of correct classification for both calibration and validation (100%). For two-wavelength models, the model using wavelengths 480 and 590 nm yielded the highest classification accuracies for both calibration and validation sample sets (99.3%). Stink-bug feeding caused microorganism activity resulting in grain discoloration. The color change made the classification of pecky rice and sound rice kernels possible (accuracy > 99%) even when the undamaged area faces the illumination light. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Ft Valley State Univ, Dept Agr Engn Technol, Ft Valley, GA 31030 USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1094-2912 J9 INT J FOOD PROP JI Int. J. Food Prop. PY 2002 VL 5 IS 3 BP 629 EP 639 DI 10.1081/JFP-120015497 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 608ZZ UT WOS:000178879300012 ER PT J AU Chekol, T Vough, LR Chaney, RL AF Chekol, T Vough, LR Chaney, RL TI Plant-soil-contaminant specificity affects phytoremediation of organic contaminants SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE TNT; PAH; pyrene; soil contamination; forage crops; bioremediation ID TNT; TRANSFORMATION; 2,4,6-TRINITROTOLUENE; HYDROCARBONS; GRASSES AB The objective of this study was the evaluation of seven forage and conservation crop species for phytoremediation of trinitrotoluene (TNT) and pyrene-contaminated soils. TNT and pyrene were added to soil at 100 mg kg(-1). Crop species screening studies were conducted in a greenhouse and growth chambers on two soil types with different organic matter contents. Under high soil organic matter conditions, adsorption or covalent binding to the soil organic matter appeared to be a dominant force of removal limiting TNT and pyrene availability. In both soil types, pyrene dissipation could not be attributed to the presence of plants. However, in soils with lower organic matter content, all of the plant species treatments showed a significantly higher degree of TNT transformation compared with the unplanted control. Statistically significant differences in TNT transformation were observed among crop species grown in the low OM soil. Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) were the most effective species in enhancing TNT transformation. Our data indicated that use of plants was effective for phytoremediation of TNT-contaminated low OM content soils, but did not have any significant effect on pyrene dissipation. Based on these observations, it appears that plant-soil-contaminant interactions are very specific, and this specificity determines the effectiveness of phytoremediation schemes. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Anim Manure & By Prod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chekol, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, HJ Patterson Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 13 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2002 VL 4 IS 1 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1080/15226510208500070 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 626RU UT WOS:000179887700003 ER PT J AU Banuelos, GS Vickerman, DB Trumble, JT Shannon, MC Davis, CD Finley, JW Mayland, HF AF Banuelos, GS Vickerman, DB Trumble, JT Shannon, MC Davis, CD Finley, JW Mayland, HF TI Biotransfer possibilities of selenium from plants used in phytoremediation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE phytoremediation; biotransfer; selenium ID DIETARY SELENIUM; RATS; ACCUMULATION; ABSORPTION; TOLERANCE; FORM AB We are investigating the biotransfer of accumulated Se by the plant in several phytoremediation systems. In study I, we evaluated the biotransfer of Se from Indian mustard, a Brassica species, to the insect-cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni); mortality, deterrence, and biomagnification of Se were examined. We determined that feeding behavior of food chain consumers was affected not only by the plant concentration of Se, but also by the mobility of the insects and choice of feed available. In study II, we examined the survival and development of beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) fed Se-enriched plant tissues from different lines of saltbush (Atriplex spp.) After feeding on lines of saltbush that produced high biomass and accumulated high concentrations of Se, insect growth and survival was reduced. In studies III, IV, and V, lambs, dairy cows, and rabbits were fed Se-enriched Brassica and Medicago (alfalfa) plants as part of their feed ration. None of the tested animals exhibited any Se toxicity symptoms, but they had increased levels of Se in most tissues sampled (e.g., organs, blood, urine, feces), excluding milk. In study VI, we evaluated biotransfer of Se from broccoli to rats to determine efficacy of Se for reducing colon cancer. We found that Se-enriched plant material was more effective than inorganic sources of Se for preventing precancerous colon lesions. Results from all studies clearly show that Se absorbed by plants can be transferred biologically in an intentional or unintentional manner to insects and animals. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, PWA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soil Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Banuelos, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, 9611 S Riverbend, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 EI 1549-7879 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2002 VL 4 IS 4 BP 315 EP 329 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 636BY UT WOS:000180435700005 ER PT J AU Zhang, JY Li, XM Wang, RRC Cortes, A Rosas, V Mujeeb-Kazi, A AF Zhang, JY Li, XM Wang, RRC Cortes, A Rosas, V Mujeeb-Kazi, A TI Molecular cytogenetic characterization of E-b-genome chromosomes in Thinopyrum bessarabicum disomic addition lines of bread wheat SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE marker; salt tolerance; scab resistance; translocation; wheatgrass; Thinopyrum bessarabicum; addition line ID BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; REPRESENTATIONAL DIFFERENCE ANALYSIS; SALT-TOLERANCE; AFLP MARKERS; DNA MARKERS; ASSIGNMENT; TRITICEAE; GENES; RAPD AB Thinopyrum bessarabicum (2n = 2x = 14, (EEb)-E-b = JJ) is recognized for its high tolerance to soil salinity and the scab disease caused by Fusarium graminearum. Seven Triticum aestivum/T. bessarabicum disomic addition lines (2n = 44 = 21 " ABD + 1 " E-b) developed at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center were assayed. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) showed that six of the seven were true disomic alien addition lines, whereas one was a duplication-translocation addition line in which four-fifths of the additional chromosome was an alien chromosome segment and one-fifth was a wheat chromosome segment. Using AFLP fragments amplified from 32 selective primer pairs, 389 fragments were assigned to T. bessarabicum chromosomes. The duplication-translocation addition line had no unique AFLP fragments but shared 25 fragments with the 7E(b) addition line, indicating that the translocation chromosome probably involved the 7E(b) rather than the 3E(b), as originally described. The presumed 6E(b) addition line was determined to have a pair of 4E(b) chromosomes. Thus, the 3E(b) and 6E(b) addition lines are missing. At present, there are 48 AFLP markers for 1E(b), 67 for 2E(b), 39 for 4E(b), 59 for 5E(b), and 54 for 7E(b). In addition, two RAPD markers for 1E(b), two for 2E(b), six for 4E(b), one for 5E(b), and three for 7E(b) were identified. Sixty-eight AFLP markers were present in the amphidiploid but absent in all tested disomic addition lines, making them putative markers for 3E(b) and/or 6E(b). Also, 50 AFLP and six RAPD markers occur in at least five E-b chromosomes. These molecular markers, when used in conjunction with GISH, will be useful in identifying the two missing E-b addition lines and in monitoring the introgression of E-b chromosomal segments into wheat. C1 USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. CIMMYT, Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Mexico City 06600, DF, Mexico. RP Wang, RRC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, 695 N 1100 E, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 43 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-5893 J9 INT J PLANT SCI JI Int. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 163 IS 1 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1086/324531 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 498ZA UT WOS:000172542400016 ER PT J AU Jackson, TJ Hsu, AY Shutko, A Tishchenko, Y Petrenko, B Kutuza, B Armand, N AF Jackson, TJ Hsu, AY Shutko, A Tishchenko, Y Petrenko, B Kutuza, B Armand, N TI Priroda microwave radiometer observations in the Southern Great Plains 1997 hydrology experiment SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE ESTIMATION; SATELLITE DATA; WATER-CONTENT; VEGETATION; EMISSION; PRECIPITATION; SCATTERING; INDEX; FIELD AB Priroda microwave radiometer satellite observations were acquired and analysed in conjunction with soil moisture and other important ground and meteorological observations. Priroda was a remote sensing module on the MIR Space Station. The experiment was a component of the Southern Great Plains 1997 (SGP97) hydrology experiment. Problems with the MIR platform during the experiment resulted in a very limited set of data. Priroda sensor performance and some analyses of soil moisture conditions were conducted. These results provide important information for utilizing Priroda data and for soil moisture algorithm development. C1 ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Radio Engn & Remote Sensing, Moscow, Russia. RP Jackson, TJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 104 Bldg,007 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Kutuza, Boris/P-1864-2015 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 2 BP 231 EP 248 DI 10.1080/01431160010014242 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 496XZ UT WOS:000172424800003 ER PT J AU Tartar, A Boucias, DG Adams, BJ Becnel, JJ AF Tartar, A Boucias, DG Adams, BJ Becnel, JJ TI Phylogenetic analysis identifies the invertebrate pathogen Helicosporidium sp as a green alga (Chlorophyta) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Helicosporidium; phylogeny; invertebrate pathogen; entomopathogen; green algae ID PROTOTHECA-WICKERHAMII; DNA-SEQUENCE; EUKARYOTES; EVOLUTION; FUNGI; GENE AB Historically, the invertebrate pathogens of the genus Helicosporidium were considered to be either protozoa or fungi, but the taxonomic position of this group has not been considered since 1931. Recently, a Helicosporidium sp., isolated from the blackfly Simulium jonesi Stone & Snoddy (Diptera: Simuliidae), has been amplified in the heterologous host Helicoverpa zea. Genomic DNA has been extracted from gradient-purified cysts. The 18S, 28S and 5.8S regions of the Helicosporidium rDNA, as well as partial sequences of the actin and beta-tubulin genes, were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Comparative analysis of these nucleotide sequences was performed using neighbour-joining and maximum-parsimony methods. All inferred phylogenetic trees placed Helicosporidium sp. among the green algae (Chlorophyta), and this association was supported by bootstrap and parsimony jackknife values. Phylogenetic analysis focused on the green algae depicted Helicosporidium sp. as a close relative of Prototheca wickerhamii and Prototheca zopfii (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae), two achlorophylous, pathogenic green algae. On the basis of this phylogenetic analysis, Helicosporidium sp. is clearly neither a protist nor a fungus, but appears to be the first described algal invertebrate pathogen. These conclusions lead us to propose the transfer of the genus Helicosporidium to Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Tartar, A (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Adams, Byron/C-3808-2009 OI Adams, Byron/0000-0002-7815-3352 NR 35 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 52 BP 273 EP 279 PN 1 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 514WN UT WOS:000173464200028 PM 11837312 ER PT J AU Pierson, FB Carlson, DH Spaeth, KE AF Pierson, FB Carlson, DH Spaeth, KE TI Impacts of wildfire on soil hydrological properties of steep sagebrush-steppe rangeland SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE fire severity; rainfall simulation; hydrologic impacts; infiltration; soil erosion; flooding ID SEDIMENT PRODUCTION; INFILTRATION AB In late August 1996, a wildfire swept across the sagebrush-dominated foothills above Boise, Idaho. Fire impacts on infiltration and inter-rill erosion were examined I year following the fire with simulated rainfall. Densely vegetated north-facing slopes were compared with sparsely vegetated south-facing slopes under both burned (moderate and high severity) and unburned conditions. Both fire severity and slope aspect strongly influenced the impact of fire on infiltration capacity and soil erodibility. South-facing slopes had the least infiltration and the greatest rates of erosion following the fire. Infiltration rate was significantly less and cumulative sediment yield was significantly greater on severely burned south slopes as compared with those experiencing only moderate burn severity. Fire severity had little effect on infiltration and erosion of north-facing slopes. Despite differences in final infiltration rates, runoff from plots of all treatment combinations (burned and unburned slopes) began within 2-4 min following the start of simulated rainfall. Post-fire microtopography (surface roughness, dependent on pre-fire plant community) and associated ground cover appear to be important determinants of the potential for increased runoff and interrill erosion under conditions of dry antecedent soil moisture on these steep rangelands. C1 USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. RP Pierson, FB (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. NR 28 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 12 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2002 VL 11 IS 2 BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.1071/WF02037 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 585RY UT WOS:000177539400006 ER PT J AU Nelson, RM AF Nelson, RM TI An effective wind speed for models of fire spread SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE wind/slope interaction; threshold wind speed; fire behavior; spread direction AB In previous descriptions of wind-slope interaction and the spread rate of wildland fires it is assumed that the separate effects of wind and slope are independent and additive and that corrections for these effects may be applied to spread rates computed from existing rate of spread models. A different approach is explored in the present paper in which the upslope component of the fire's buoyant velocity is used with the speed and direction of the ambient wind to produce effective values of wind speed and direction that determine the rate of spread vector. Thus the effective wind speed can replace the ambient wind speed in any suitable fire spread model and provide a description of the combined effects on the fire behavior. The difference between current and threshold values of the effective wind speed also can be used to determine whether fire will spread in a given fuel type. The model is tested with data from experiments reported by Weise (1993) in which fire spread was in response to variation in both wind speed and slope angle. The Weise spread rate data were satisfactorily correlated using dimensional methods and the observed spread rate was reasonably well predicted with an existing rate of spread model. Directional aspects of the model were not tested because the Weise (1993) study did not include winds with a cross-slope component. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. RP Nelson, RM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59802 USA. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2002 VL 11 IS 2 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1071/WF02031 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 585RY UT WOS:000177539400007 ER PT J AU Fujioka, FM AF Fujioka, FM TI A new method for the analysis of fire spread modeling errors SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology CY NOV 13-15, 2001 CL RENO, NEVADA DE error analysis; confidence limits; mesoscale weather model; FARSITE; error correction AB Fire spread models have along history, and their use will continue to grow as they evolve from a research tool to an operational tool. This paper describes a new method to analyse two-dimensional fire spread modeling errors, particularly to quantify the uncertainties of fire spread predictions. Measures of error are defined from the respective spread distances of the actual and simulated fires at specified points around their perimeters. A ratio error provides a correction factor for the spread model bias. The characteristics of the error are defined by a probability model, which is used to construct error bounds on fire spread predictions. The method is applied to the Bee Fire, which burned 3848 ha on the San Bernardino National Forest, California, in summer 1996. The study focused on the early, presuppression stages of the fire. A mesoscale spectral model was used to simulate weather conditions on a grid interval of 2 km. The FARSITE system was used to simulate fire growth during the first 105 min of the fire. The case study showed how difficult fire spread modeling is under the conditions presented by the Bee Fire. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Fujioka, FM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 15 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3-4 BP 193 EP 203 DI 10.1002/WF02004 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 622BX UT WOS:000179627600005 ER PT J AU Goodrick, SL AF Goodrick, SL TI Modification of the Fosberg fire weather index to include drought SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology CY NOV 13-15, 2001 CL RENO, NEVADA DE Florida; Keetch-Byram drought index; fire danger AB The Fosberg fire weather index is a simple tool for evaluating the potential influence of weather on a wildland fire based on temperature, relative humidity and wind speed. A modification to this index that includes the impact of precipitation is proposed. The Keetch-Byram drought index is used to formulate a 'fuel availability' factor that modifies the response of the fire weather index. Comparisons between the original and modified indices are made using historical fire data from the Florida Division of Forestry. The addition of the fuel availability factor helps increase the utility of the fire weather index as it offers an improved relationship between the index and area, burned. C1 Florida Div Forestry, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RP Goodrick, SL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 10 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3-4 BP 205 EP 211 DI 10.1071/WF02005 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 622BX UT WOS:000179627600006 ER PT J AU Potter, BE AF Potter, BE TI A dynamics based view of atmosphere-fire interactions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology CY NOV 13-15, 2001 CL RENO, NEVADA DE fire weather; behavior; plume-dominated fire; blowup fire ID FOREST; MODEL AB Current research on severe fire interactions with the atmosphere focuses largely on examination of correlations between fire growth and various atmospheric properties, and on the development of indices based on these correlations. The author proposes that progress requires understanding the physics and atmospheric dynamics behind the correlations. A conceptual 3-stage model of fire development, based on atmospheric structure, is presented. Using parcel theory and basic atmospheric dynamics equations, the author proposes possible causal explanations for some of the known correlations. The atmospheric dynamics are discussed in terms of the 3-stage model, but can also be viewed more generally. The overall goal is to reframe fire-atmosphere interactions in a way that will allow better understanding and progress in fire science, prediction, and safety. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Potter, BE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1407 S Harrison Rd,Ste 220, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3-4 BP 247 EP 255 DI 10.1071/WF02008 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 622BX UT WOS:000179627600009 ER PT J AU Ferguson, SA Ruthford, JE McKay, SJ Wright, D Wright, C Ottmar, R AF Ferguson, SA Ruthford, JE McKay, SJ Wright, D Wright, C Ottmar, R TI Measuring moisture dynamics to predict fire severity in longleaf pine forests SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology CY NOV 13-15, 2001 CL RENO, NEVADA ID TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; SOIL-WATER CONTENT AB To understand the combustion limit of biomass fuels in a longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) forest, an experiment was conducted to monitor the moisture content of potentially flammable forest floor materials (litter and duff) at Eglin Air Force Base in the Florida Panhandle. While longleaf pine forests are fire dependent ecosystems, a long history of fire exclusion has allowed large amounts of pine litter and duff to accumulate. Reintroducing fire to remove excess fuel without killing the longleaf pine trees requires care to burn under litter and duff moisture conditions that alternately allow fire to carry while preventing root exposure or stem girdle. The study site was divided into four blocks that were burned under litter and duff moisture conditions of wet, moist, dry, and very dry. Throughout the 4-month experiment, portable weather stations continuously collected meteorological data, which included continuous measurements of water content in the forest floor material from in situ, time-domain reflectometers. In addition, volumetric moisture samples were collected almost weekly, and pre-burn fuel load and subsequent consumption were measured for each burn. Meteorological variables from the weather stations compared with trends in fuel moisture showed the influence of relative humidity and precipitation on the drying and wetting rates of the litter and duff. Fuel moisture conditions showed significant influence on patterns of fuel consumption and could lead to an understanding of processes that govern longleaf pine mortality. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Ferguson, SA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 4043 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 15 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3-4 BP 267 EP 279 DI 10.1071/WF02010 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 622BX UT WOS:000179627600011 ER PT B AU Nelson, SO Lu, CY Beuchat, LR Harrison, MA AF Nelson, SO Lu, CY Beuchat, LR Harrison, MA GP IMPI IMPI TI Rf dielectric heating for reduction of human pathogens on sprouting seed SO INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE POWER INSTITUTE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Microwave Heating Symposium CY JUL 24-26, 2002 CL ALANTIC CITY, NJ AB The potential for controlling human bacterial pathogens on alfalfa seed, used in the production of sprouts, by, dielectric heating was studied by experimental exposure of alfalfa seed that was artificially contaminated with three pathogens. Significant reductions in populations of all three pathogens were achieved without reductions in seed. germination, but desired levels of pathogen reduction were not achieved without significant damage to seed germination. C1 USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT MICROWAVE POWER INST PI MANASSAS PA 10210 LEATHERLEAF COURT, MANASSAS, VA 22111 USA PY 2002 BP 31 EP 34 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BW04H UT WOS:000180714700009 ER PT J AU Hohenlohe, PA AF Hohenlohe, PA TI Life history of Littorina scutulata and L-plena, sibling gastropod species with planktotrophic larvae SO INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE development; dispersal; gene flow; metamorphosis; larval settlement ID MARINE GASTROPODS; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; GENE FLOW; CREPIDULA-FORNICATA; PLANKTONIC LARVAE; JUVENILE GROWTH; DISPERSAL; POPULATIONS; PROSOBRANCHIA; ENERGY AB The intertidal, sibling species Littorina scutulata and L. plena (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) are sympatric throughout most of their ranges along the Pacific coast of North America. Both species release disc-shaped, planktonic egg capsules from which planktotrophic veliger larvae hatch. Here I review existing data and present new observations on these species' life history, including age at first reproduction, spawning season, maximum fecundity rates, capsule morphology, egg size and number, pre-hatching development, larval growth at three food concentrations, potential settlement cues, planktonic period, and protoconch size. Previous classification of egg capsule morphologies used to distinguish the species is inaccurate; instead, capsules can be categorized into three types of which each species may produce two. Females of L. scutulata produced capsules with either two rims of unequal diameter or one rim, while females of L. plena produced capsules with one rim or two rims of nearly equal diameter. Females of each species spawned sporadically from early spring to early fall in Puget Sound. Larvae of L. plena hatched one day earlier than those of L. scutulata, and both species grew fastest in the laboratory at intermediate food concentrations. Larvae metamorphosed in the presence of a variety of materials collected from their adult habitat, including conspecific adults, algae, rocks, and barnacle tests. This is the first report of planktotrophic larvae in this genus metamorphosing in the laboratory. The total planktonic period of 8 larvae of L. scutulata raised in the laboratory was 37-70 days, and a single larva of L. plena metamorphosed after 62 days. Protoconch diameter of shells collected from the field was 256-436 mum and did not differ significantly between the species. Previous allozyme and mitochondrial DNA work has suggested high levels of genetic variability in both species and greater genetic population structure in L. plena, despite the long spawning season and long-lived larvae in both species. The interspecific life history differences described here appear insufficient to produce consistent differences in gene flow patterns. C1 Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. RP Hohenlohe, PA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Corvallis Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM phohenlohe@fs.fed.us NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1077-8306 J9 INVERTEBR BIOL JI Invertebr. Biol. PY 2002 VL 121 IS 1 BP 25 EP 37 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 521MQ UT WOS:000173844100003 ER PT S AU Laszlo, JA Compton, DL AF Laszlo, JA Compton, DL BE Rogers, RD Seddon, KR TI Chymotrypsin-catalyzed transesterification in ionic liquids and ionic liquid/supercritical carbon dioxide SO IONIC LIQUIDS: INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS FOR GREEN CHEMISTRY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Green Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquid CY APR 01-05, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc ID ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; ALPHA-CHYMOTRYPSIN; BIOORGANIC SYNTHESIS; ENZYMATIC CATALYSIS; PEPTIDE-SYNTHESIS; COMPRESSED GASES; REACTION MEDIA; WATER; SUBTILISIN; BIOCATALYSIS AB The potential utility and versatility of biotransformations in ionic liquids and ionic liquids mixed with supercritical carbon dioxide is demonstrated using a model enzyme reaction. The characteristics of enzyme activity in the ionic liquids 1-butyl-3methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and I-octyl-3methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate are consistent with those observed in conventional organic solvents. The presence of supercritical carbon dioxide modifies the properties of ionic liquids, altering the conditions required for optimum enzyme activity. These findings indicate that the combination of ionic liquids with supercritical carbon dioxide may represent a particularly efficacious medium for clean non-aqueous biosynthesis. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Laszlo, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Res, 1858 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3789-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2002 VL 818 BP 387 EP 398 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BW16K UT WOS:000181052100030 ER PT J AU Wu, JG Laird, DA AF Wu, JG Laird, DA TI Hydrolysis of chlorpyrifos in aqueous and colloidal systems SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID KAOLINITE; PARATHION; DIAZINON AB Hydrolysis of chlorpyrifos [O,O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate] to TCP (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol) is an important degradation process influencing the fate of chlorpyrifos in aquatic environments. The effects of water chemistry and suspended colloids (smectites, humic acid, and river sediment) on the hydrolysis of chlorpyrifos were investigated in this study. Chlorpyrifos was incubated in various aqueous and colloidal systems at 23 +/- 2 degreesC for up to 100 days, and aqueous phase concentrations of chlorpyrifos and TCP were determined using solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography (SPE-HPLC). Chlorpyrifos degraded in the aqueous solutions with half-lives ranging from 27 to 158 days, depending on the initial concentration of chlorpyrifos and the chemistry of the aqueous solutions. The rate of degradation was slower in systems containing low concentrations of suspended colloids (1 g L-1 in 0.01 M CaCl2) than in the control (0.01 M CaCl2, with no colloids), and negligible hydrolysis of chlorpyrifos was found for concentrated colloidal systems (20 g L-1 in 0.01 M CaCl2). Total recoveries of chlorpyrifos for the concentrated colloidal systems ranged from 78% to 97%, with a tendency to decrease with incubation time. The study indicates that the formation of chlorpyrifos-colloid complexes inhibits the hydrolysis of chlorpyrifos in aqueous systems and that chlorpyrifos-colloid complexes may act as a buffer by slowly releasing chlorpyrifos to the aqueous phase. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Laird, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 13 PU LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA MERKAZ SAPIR 6/36, GIVAT SHAUL, PO BOX 35409, JERUSALEM 91352, ISRAEL SN 0021-2148 J9 ISRAEL J CHEM JI Isr. J. Chem. PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1560/A723-N65T-V12A-1AXU PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 632QP UT WOS:000180234600010 ER PT J AU Porter, GW Sherman, WB Beckman, TG Krewer, GW AF Porter, GW Sherman, WB Beckman, TG Krewer, GW TI Fruit weight and shoot diameter relationship in early ripening peaches SO JOURNAL AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Data were collected in early ripening peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] varieties trained to a vase system to determine if a relationship exists between fruit weight and shoot diameter. The experiment was conducted with 3 varieties at Gainesville, FL with detailed pruning and with 3 other varieties at Atapulgus, GA with minimum pruning. All the varieties were similar in fruit development period (FDP) and fruit size. The largest shoot diameter was generally found in the upper canopy in all varieties. There was no correlation between shoot diameter and fruit weight for 'TropicBeauty', 'TropicSnow' and 'UF2000' at Gainesville under detailed pruning. There was a significant (p = 0.01) correlation for 'Flordacrest' in the lower (r = 0.53) canopy and for 'White Robin' in both the upper (r = 0.38) and lower (r = 0.40) canopy at Attapulgus, GA under minimal pruning. In these situations, large stems were associated with large fruit. 'Delta', grown at Attapulgus with minimal pruning, showed no correlation between shoot diameter and fruit weight, probably because it is male sterile and produced large fruit due to a reduced crop load. C1 Univ Queensland, Sch Agr & Hort, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia. Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Porter, GW (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Agr & Hort, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER POMOLOGICAL SOC PI UNIVERSITY PK PA 102 TYSON BUILDING, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA SN 1527-3741 J9 J AMER POMOLOG SOC JI J. Amer. Pomolog. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 56 IS 1 BP 30 EP 33 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 517RV UT WOS:000173624400005 ER PT J AU Goenaga, R Rivera-Amador, E Chardon, U AF Goenaga, R Rivera-Amador, E Chardon, U TI Yield performance of introduced cassava clones in an Ultisol in Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article DE cassava; yield; HCN concentration ID WATER AB In 2000, cassava production in Puerto Rico was almost 750,000 kg with an annual farm value of $386,000. During the same year more than 6,800,000 kg of cassava tubers were imported. Studies with new introductions of cassava clones are necessary to increase production, reduce costs and meet local demand. Seven cassava introductions and one local cultivar were evaluated in 1997 and 1998 at Corozal for yield and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) concentration. Clones CM 3380, CM 3311, SG 804 and SM 494 produced the highest number of marketable roots. Clones CM 3311, CM 3380 and SG 804 produced the highest root marketable weight in 1997, averaging 37,905 kg/ha. In 1998, clones CM 3311 and CM 3380 were the best yielders, averaging 28,713 kg/ha of marketable roots. In both years clone SG 804 had a significantly higher concentration of HCN, which averaged 121 mg/kg, whereas the rest of the clones had values of HCN below 63 mg/kg. C1 USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Goenaga, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, 2200 Pedro Albizu Campos Ave,Suite 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU COLL AGRICULTURAL SCI, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STN PI RIO PIEDRAS PA UNIV PUERTO RICO, MAYAGUEZ CAMPUS, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00928 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JAN-APR PY 2002 VL 86 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 33 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 653BA UT WOS:000181414300003 ER PT J AU Ferwerda-Licha, M AF Ferwerda-Licha, M TI First report of algal leaf spot caused by Cephaleuros virescens kunze on longan trees in Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Ferwerda-Licha, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, 2200 Pedro Albizu Campos Ave,Suite 210, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU COLL AGRICULTURAL SCI, AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STN PI RIO PIEDRAS PA UNIV PUERTO RICO, MAYAGUEZ CAMPUS, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00928 USA SN 0041-994X J9 J AGR U PUERTO RICO JI J. Agric. Univ. P. R. PD JAN-APR PY 2002 VL 86 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 66 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 653BA UT WOS:000181414300006 ER PT J AU Chung, SY Champagne, ET AF Chung, SY Champagne, ET TI Linking IgE binding of peanuts to Maillard reaction adducts SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 109 IS 1 SU S MA 920 BP S300 EP S300 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(02)82055-3 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 519UX UT WOS:000173744800917 ER PT J AU Maleki, SJ Cheng, H Holbrook, CC Kang, IH Gallo-Meagher, M Champagne, ET AF Maleki, SJ Cheng, H Holbrook, CC Kang, IH Gallo-Meagher, M Champagne, ET TI In search of the hypoallergenic peanut SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 109 IS 1 SU S MA 923 BP S301 EP S301 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(02)82058-9 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 519UX UT WOS:000173744800920 ER PT J AU Ozcan, M Akman, S Schuetz, M Murphy, J Harnly, J AF Ozcan, M Akman, S Schuetz, M Murphy, J Harnly, J TI The spatial distribution and photometric and analytical accuracy of Sn determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry in the presence of sulfates and palladium SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID INVESTIGATING ELECTROTHERMAL ATOMIZATION; RADIANT INTENSITY; DYNAMICS; ALUMINUM; INDIUM; TIN; GALLIUM; SURFACE; LAMPS; LAYER AB The vertical spatial distribution of Sn in the graphite furnace was determined in the presence of 0.5% HCl (standards) and 10 mug of KCl, K2SO4, and NiSO4, with and without 5 mug of Pd, using a spectrometer capable of measuring spatially resolved absorbance. A normal gradient (decreasing concentration with increasing height in the furnace) was observed for Sn in HCl and KCl. This gradient was dramatically reversed in the presence of K2SO4 (at all pyrolysis temperatures) and NiSO4 (at pyrolysis temperatures below 900 degreesC) and was accompanied by poor analytical recoveries. Accurate analytical recoveries and a normal gradient were obtained for NiSO4 when a pyrolysis temperature of 900 degreesC was used. Pd yielded normal gradients statistically different (steeper) than those obtained with Sn Standards in HCl. The gradient for Sn in the presence of Pd was not affected by 10 mug of KCl, K2SO4, and NiSO4. Accurate analytical recoveries were obtained for Sn in Pd in all the matrices tested in this study and at all pyrolysis temperatures. The change in the Sn gradient induced by KCl, K2SO4, and NiSO4 resulted in photometric errors that are problematic for conventional, line-source AAS. Selection of the height of the viewing region within the furnace can exacerbate or improve the analytical recoveries. The constant Sn gradient established by Pd removed photometric error as an error source in the determination of Sn. C1 Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Chem, TR-80626 Istanbul, Turkey. ARS, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Akman, S (reprint author), Istanbul Tech Univ, Dept Chem, TR-80626 Istanbul, Turkey. RI Akman, Suleyman/C-1418-2014 OI Akman, Suleyman/0000-0002-8625-783X NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 17 IS 5 BP 515 EP 523 DI 10.1039/b200613h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 547HA UT WOS:000175325900009 ER PT J AU Keyes, WR Turnlund, JR AF Keyes, WR Turnlund, JR TI Determination of molybdenum and enriched Mo stable isotope concentrations in human blood plasma by isotope dilution ICP-MS SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY JAN 06-12, 2002 CL SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN-SERUM; METABOLISM; MEN; ABSORPTION; EXCRETION AB An isotope dilution method was developed to measure total molybdenum and molybdenum stable isotope concentrations in 0.5 mL of human blood plasma by ICP-MS. To minimize contamination, a microwave digestion method was developed without molybdenum separation. Plasma aliquots were weighed into PTFE beakers placed on supporting PTFE beakers inside PFA liners, adding 1.4 mL HNO3 to the plasma and 8 mL HNO3 to the liner base. The samples were digested in five 10-min steps under pressure control from 20 to 100 psi. Repeated microwave digestions of the liners and beakers reduced processing blanks from 6.6 to 0.03 ng Mo. The samples were analyzed by ICP-MS. Analysis of a reference human serum produced an average molybdenum concentration of 1.02+/-0.12 mg L-1 versus the informational value of 1.07+/-0.04 mg L-1. Total Mo and Mo-97 were measured in plasma collected from a human subject following intravenous adminstration of 33 mug Mo-97, with concentration RSDs <2% for ten replicates. This ICP-MS isotope dilution method with microwave digestion can be used to determine the total molybdenum and molybdenum stable isotope concentrations in as little as 0.5 mL of human blood plasma, allowing the measurement of the appearance of molybdenum stable isotope tracers in the blood. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Keyes, WR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1153 EP 1156 DI 10.1039/b202250h PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 589NP UT WOS:000177766400025 ER PT J AU Becker, JS AF Becker, JS TI State-of-the-art and progress in precise and accurate isotope ratio measurements by ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS - Plenary Lecture SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry CY JAN 06-12, 2002 CL SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA ID FRACTIONAL ZINC-ABSORPTION; MALNOURISHED BANGLADESHI CHILDREN; TRUE CALCIUM-ABSORPTION; IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA; STABLE-ISOTOPE; PERSISTENT DIARRHEA; UNITED-STATES; ERYTHROCYTE INCORPORATION; DETERMINE BIOAVAILABILITY; RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS AB Micronutrient deficiencies are enormous problems globally. Iron deficiency alone may affect 2 billion people, of whom at least 500 million are anaemic. Stable isotopes provide many methods to study mineral metabolism in humans. These range from relatively simple measurements of absorption, and endogenous faecal excretion, to complex studies using multi-compartmental modelling. Most studies use highly enriched stable isotope tracers administered intravenously and/or orally, coupled with precise measurements of the resulting isotopic enrichment in blood, urine or faeces. Stable isotope methodologies are becoming much more widely utilised due to the decreasing cost of isotopes and increasing acceptance of these methods. Two factors that have hampered broader use of stable isotope-based methods are the cost and limited availability of analytical methods that can measure isotope enrichments with sufficient precision, and at acceptable cost, in biological samples. In this article I will discuss the importance of micronutrient deficiencies globally, review some of the many stable isotope-based methodologies, and describe the analytical methods currently available. Highly enriched isotopes are becoming more available at acceptable cost. Currently, the greatest hurdle limiting wider use of stable isotope-based methods is the availability of sufficiently precise, accurate and cost-effective analysis of isotope ratios in biological samples. High-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS), which is becoming more accessible, promises adequate precision at reasonable cost. It seems likely that HR-ICP-MS will be increasingly adopted as an analytical methodology, which will encourage collaborations between mass spectrometrists and clinicians/nutritionists. Such collaborations will benefit all participants, and increase understanding and knowledge about important micronutrient deficiencies worldwide. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Sect Neonatol, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Becker, JS (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 92 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 17 IS 9 BP 1186 EP 1193 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 589NP UT WOS:000177766400030 ER PT J AU Short, RE MacNeil, MD Grosz, MD Gerrard, DE Grings, EE AF Short, RE MacNeil, MD Grosz, MD Gerrard, DE Grings, EE TI Pleiotropic effects in Hereford, Limousin, and Piedmontese F-2 crossbred calves of genes controlling muscularity including the Piedmontese myostatin allele SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE animal production; cattle; muscular hypertrophy; pleiotropy ID BEEF-CATTLE; BIOLOGICAL TYPES; BIRTH-WEIGHT; CARCASS COMPOSITION; CALVING DIFFICULTY; POSTWEANING GROWTH; BELGIAN-BLUE; CYCLE-IV; HYPERTROPHY; MUTATIONS AB Objectives were to determine 1) effects on traits measured from birth to slaughter in F-2 cross calves from sire breeds that differ in potential for lean tissue growth but have similar mature BW and 2) the gene action of the mutant Piedmontese myostatin allele. Hereford (normal muscling, H), Limousin (moderate increase in muscling, L), and Piedmontese (muscular hypertrophy, P) sires (20 to 25 per breed) were bred at random to crossbred cows to produce F-1 calves that were inter se-mated within sire breed to produce F-2 calves that were grown out, finished, and slaughtered. Piedmontese-cross calves were genotyped for the G-A transition mutation at the myostatin locus characteristic of P (msP). Genotypes were classified on the basis of having zero (P-0), one (P-1), or two (P-2) copies of msP (H, n = 227; L, n = 207; P-0, n = 40; P-1, n = 107; and P-2, n = 37). Limousin-cross F-2 calves had heavier birth (but dystocia was not affected) and weaning weights, gained faster, had more muscle, less fat, larger pelvic area, and more efficient feed conversion than Hereford-cross F-2 calves. Normal-muscled Piedmontese-cross F-2 calves (P-0) were similar to Hereford-cross F-2 calves except that they required less assistance at birth in heifer dams, had less fat, gained slower, were less efficient, and had larger pelvic area. Addition of msP alleles (P-1 and P-2) consistently increased muscle through hyperplasia, decreased fat, and increased adjusted efficiency, but many of those changes were not linear. Residual variances for breed were heterogeneous for most traits related to muscularity. This heterogeneity was caused by increased variances for L and P and(or) lower variances for H. Accounting for the msP alleles decreased the variance for P in most traits, but heterogeneity remained for most traits among the five genotypes because L remained high, H was low, and(or) P-2 was low. We conclude that differences in muscularity affect most traits, and when differences in muscularity include the msP allele, there is an incremental, but not equal, change in most traits with the addition of each copy of the msP allele. Advantages of L could be captured through normal crossbreeding and selection schemes but with some caution because of potential problems from increased variability. Advantages of P could be best captured through more complex breeding and selection programs that would lessen potential negative impacts and through marketing systems that do not penalize for very low fat. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Short, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Rt 1,Box 2021, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 38 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 80 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 516CN UT WOS:000173534400001 PM 11831504 ER PT J AU Pfister, JA Stegelmeier, BL Cheney, CD Ralphs, MH Gardner, DR AF Pfister, JA Stegelmeier, BL Cheney, CD Ralphs, MH Gardner, DR TI Conditioning taste aversions to locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) in horses SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE food preferences; poisonous plants ID FOOD AVERSIONS; CATTLE; APOMORPHINE; SWAINSONINE; RATS AB Locoweed (Oxytropis sericea) is a serious poisoning problem for horses grazing on infested rangelands in the western United States. Our objectives were to determine 1) whether lithium chloride or apomorphine would condition aversions to palatable foods, and at what doses, and 2) whether horses could be averted to fresh locoweed in a pen and grazing situation. Apomorphine was not an acceptable aversive agent because at the dose required to condition an aversion (greater than or equal to0.17 mg/kg BW), apomorphine induced unacceptable behavioral effects. Lithium chloride given via stomach tube at 190 mg/kg BW conditioned strong and persistent aversions to palatable feeds with minor signs of distress. Pen and grazing tests were conducted in Colorado to determine if horses could be averted to fresh locoweed. Pen tests indicated that most horses (5/6) were completely averted from locoweed. Treated horses ate 34 g of fresh locoweed compared to 135 g for controls (P < 0.01) during three pen tests when offered 150 g per test. One horse (T) in the treatment group ate locoweed each time it was offered in the pen, but ate no locoweed while grazing. In the grazing trial, control horses averaged 8.6% of bites of locoweed (P < 0.01) during the grazing portion of the study, whereas treated horses averaged <0.5%. One treated horse (S) accounted for all consumption; he consumed 15% of his bites as locoweed in a grazing bout on d 2 of the field study. Thereafter, he was dosed a second time with lithium chloride and ate no locoweed in the subsequent 5 d. Three of six horses required two pairings of lithium chloride with fresh locoweed to condition a complete aversion. The results of this study indicate that horses can be averted from locoweed using lithium chloride as an aversive agent, and this may provide a management tool to reduce the risk of intoxication for horses grazing locoweed-infested rangeland. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Psychol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Pfister, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 80 IS 1 BP 79 EP 83 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 516CN UT WOS:000173534400010 PM 11831531 ER PT J AU Armstrong, TA Flowers, WL Spears, JW Nielsen, FH AF Armstrong, TA Flowers, WL Spears, JW Nielsen, FH TI Long-term effects of boron supplementation on reproductive characteristics and bone mechanical properties in gilts SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bones; boron; pigs; reproduction ID DIETARY BORON; STRENGTH; RATS; CALCIUM; METABOLISM; ZEBRAFISH; PUBERTY; XENOPUS; PLASMA; SWINE AB An experiment was conducted to determine long-term effects of dietary boron (B) on reproductive and bone characteristics in gilts. Weanling gilts (n = 50) were allotted to 10 pens based on weaning weight and litter origin. Pens were randomly assigned to receive one of two dietary treatments that consisted of a basal diet low in B (control) and the basal diet supplemented with 5 mg of B/kg diet as sodium borate. Gilts remained on their respective experimental diets throughout the nursery phase, growing-finishing phase, sexual maturity, breeding, gestation, and lactation. The day of first observed standing estrus was defined as puberty, and each pubertal gilt was bred via AI at the second observed standing estrus. Eight randomly selected gilts per treatment were slaughtered at d 35 of gestation for the assessment of embryonic and reproductive characteristics, bone characteristics, and tissue B concentrations. The remaining pregnant gilts (control, n = 11; 5 mg supplemental B/kg diet, n = 10) farrowed, and litter characteristics at farrowing and weaning were determined. Age at puberty eras not affected (P = 0.72) by B, and neither were the number of corpora lutea on the ovaries (P = 0.44) or the total number of embryos (P = 0.95) at d 35 of gestation. Boron supplementation increased (P = 0.05) pig weaning weight and tended (P = 0.11) to increase pig birth weight; however, no other litter characteristics were affected (P greater than or equal to 0.12) by B. Extrinsic and intrinsic strength measures of bone were increased (P less than or equal to 0.09) by B. Fat-free bone ash percentage and bone mineral concentrations were not affected (P greater than or equal to 0.19) by dietary B. Supplemental B increased (P less than or equal to 0.06) the B concentrations of the muscle, liver, and reproductive tissues. Serum osteocalcin concentrations tended (P = 0.13) to be increased by dietary B, which may be related to increased bone turnover in B-supplemented gilts. Results indicate that B may have beneficial effects upon reproductive and bone characteristics. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Interdepartmental Nutr Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Spears, JW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 39 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 80 IS 1 BP 154 EP 161 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 516CN UT WOS:000173534400020 PM 11831513 ER PT J AU Balaji, R Wright, KJ Turner, JL Hill, CM Dritz, SS Fenwick, B Carroll, JA Zannelli, ME Beausang, LA Minton, JE AF Balaji, R Wright, KJ Turner, JL Hill, CM Dritz, SS Fenwick, B Carroll, JA Zannelli, ME Beausang, LA Minton, JE TI Circulating cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha interleukin-1 beta, and interferon-gamma in pigs infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diseases; hydrocortisone; interferon; interleukin; pigs; tumor necrosis factor ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; TNF-ALPHA; CYTOKINES; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; RESPONSES; BEHAVIOR; SWINE; CHALLENGE; MELATONIN AB This study evaluated the time course of systemic cytokine concentrations in an acute model of pneumonia in pigs challenged intranasally with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Feed intake and serum cortisol were measured as overt clinical and systemic markers of disease onset, respectively, and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interferon-gamma, as representative systemic inflammatory markers. Crossbred barrows (n = 15), approximately 5 wk of age, were used in the study. Pigs were housed in an environmentally controlled facility at 25 degreesC and under continuous illumination in pens measuring approximately 1.5 m(2). Pigs had free access to water and an unmedicated diet. Approximately 1 wk prior to disease challenge, pigs were fitted nonsurgically with venous catheters. At challenge, pigs were given 5 x 10(8) CFU Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae intranasally (n = 8) or a similar volume of sterile growth media intranasally (Control; n = 7). Feed intake was estimated by the change in feeder weight at 12-h intervals from -12 to 72 h relative to the time of disease challenge. Blood sampling began 12 h prior to challenge and continued until 72 h after challenge. Pigs were sampled at -12, -6, and 0 h, then at 90-min intervals until 12-h post-challenge, continuing at 3-h intervals until 24-h post-challenge, then again at 6-h intervals until 72 h after challenge. Serum was harvested and frozen until assayed for cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interferon-gamma. Feed intake was reduced in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae pigs during the intervals 0 to 12 h (P < 0.001), 24 to 36 h (P < 0.001), 48 to 60 h (P < 0.05), and 60 to 72 h (P < 0.05). The Actnobacillus pleuropneumoniae-challenged pigs had elevated serum cortisol from 180-min to 18-h post-challenge (P < 0.001) and also at 36 (P < 0.05), 42 (P < 0.001), and 60 (P < 0.05) h following infection. Circulating cytokines were not affected by disease challenge. Thus, in this experimental model of pneumonia, weaned pigs demonstrated expected behavioral and endocrine characteristics of disease in the absence of significant changes in circulating inflammatory cytokines. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Endogen Inc, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. RP Minton, JE (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 80 IS 1 BP 202 EP 207 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 516CN UT WOS:000173534400026 PM 11831518 ER PT J AU Cho, SS Bernetti, R Mossoba, MM Konings, EJM Li, BW Woollard, DC Roach, J Becoat, WC Phillips, JG AF Cho, SS Bernetti, R Mossoba, MM Konings, EJM Li, BW Woollard, DC Roach, J Becoat, WC Phillips, JG TI Committee on Food Nutrition SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article C1 Kellogg Co, Battle Creek, MI 49015 USA. Bernetti Associates, Hinsdale, IL 60521 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Inspectorate Hlth Protect, NL-6243 DB Geulle, Netherlands. USDA, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. AgriQual NZ Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand. US FDA, Washington, DC 20204 USA. US FDA, Philadelphia Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19106 USA. USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Cho, SS (reprint author), Kellogg Co, 205 Brentwood Dr, Battle Creek, MI 49015 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 85 IS 1 BP 285 EP 287 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 522JN UT WOS:000173893000046 ER PT J AU Krynitsky, AJ Beckett, P Weisburg, S Newell, R Bell, J Bontoyan, WR Capar, SG Cook, J Lee, SM Lehotay, SJ Olberding, EL AF Krynitsky, AJ Beckett, P Weisburg, S Newell, R Bell, J Bontoyan, WR Capar, SG Cook, J Lee, SM Lehotay, SJ Olberding, EL TI Committee on Residues and Related Topics SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article C1 US EPA, Ctr Environm Sci, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. Florida State Dept Agr, Chem Residue Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. US FDA, Div Math, Washington, DC 20204 USA. Eurofins Sci, Memphis, TN 38103 USA. Maryland Dept Agr, State Chemist Off, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Ctr Analyt Chem, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Dow Agrosci LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46268 USA. RP Krynitsky, AJ (reprint author), US EPA, Ctr Environm Sci, 701 Mapes Rd, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 85 IS 1 BP 292 EP 294 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 522JN UT WOS:000173893000048 ER PT J AU Agin, JR Abeyta, C McClure, FD Abbott, DO Ferreira, JL Ledenbach, L Hitchins, AD Orth, DS Hill, W Curiale, MS In't Veld, PH AF Agin, JR Abeyta, C McClure, FD Abbott, DO Ferreira, JL Ledenbach, L Hitchins, AD Orth, DS Hill, W Curiale, MS In't Veld, PH TI Committee on Microbiology and Extraneous Materials SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article C1 Ohio Dept Agr, Reynoldsburg, OH 43068 USA. US FDA, Bothell, WA 98021 USA. US FDA, Washington, DC 20204 USA. US FDA, FSIS OPHS, Biosci Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. US FDA, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. Kraft Gen Foods Inc, Glenview, IL 60025 USA. Neutrogena Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. USDA, FSIS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Silliker Labs Grp Inc, Holland, IL 60473 USA. Inspectorate Publ Hlth Commodities, Den Bosch, Netherlands. RP Agin, JR (reprint author), Ohio Dept Agr, 8995 E Main St, Reynoldsburg, OH 43068 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 85 IS 1 BP 295 EP 299 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 522JN UT WOS:000173893000049 ER PT J AU McClure, FD Cole, ME Phillips, JG Lee, JK Thomas, LC Newell, R Wiest, SC Chen, J Champaneri, AM Wehling, P Lindberg, K AF McClure, FD Cole, ME Phillips, JG Lee, JK Thomas, LC Newell, R Wiest, SC Chen, J Champaneri, AM Wehling, P Lindberg, K TI Statistics Committee SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Res It Inc, Henderson, NV 89014 USA. Kansas State Dept HFRR, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Little Rock, AR 72223 USA. USDA, Washington, DC 20090 USA. Gen Mills Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55427 USA. 3M Co, Microbiol Prod, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. RP McClure, FD (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, HFS-705,harvey W Wiley Bldg,5100 Paint Branch Pkw, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 85 IS 1 BP 308 EP 308 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 522JN UT WOS:000173893000053 ER PT J AU Wang, RW Liu, ZQ Dong, K Elzen, PJ Pettis, J Huang, ZY AF Wang, RW Liu, ZQ Dong, K Elzen, PJ Pettis, J Huang, ZY TI Association of novel mutations in a sodium channel gene with fluvalinate resistance in the mite, Varroa destructor SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; Varroa destructor; knockdown resistance; para; Apistan; taufluvalinate; pyrethroid resistance ID KNOCKDOWN-RESISTANCE; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; POINT MUTATION; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; GERMAN-COCKROACH; APIS-MELLIFERA; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; JACOBSONI OUD; KDR; CLONING AB Varroa (Varroa destructor) has recently become resistant to Apistan, a pyrethroid pesticide with tau-fluvalinate as its active ingredient. In many insect pests, resistance to pyrethroid insecticides is due to reduced target-site (sodium channel) sensitivity to pyrethroids, in the nervous system, a phenomenon called knockdown resistance (kdr). A number of studies showed that kdr and kdr-type resistance is a result of point mutations in the para family of sodium channel genes. To investigate the molecular mechanism of resistance to fluvalinate in varroa, we have cloned and sequenced a large cDNA fragment corresponding to segment 3 of domain II (IIS3) to segment 6 of domain IV (IVS6) of a para-homologous sodium channel gene (VmNa) from susceptible and resistant mite populations. The deduced amino acid sequence from this cDNA shares 71%, 60%, and 50% identity with the corresponding region of the para-homologous protein of the Southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus, Drosophila melanogaster Para, and rat brain type II sodium channel alpha-subunit, respectively. Sequence analysis revealed that four amino acid changes, F758L in IIIS6, L826P in the linker connecting domains III and IV, 1982V in IVS5 and M10551 in IVS6, were correlated with fluvalinate resistance in both Florida and Michigan populations. Interestingly, the kdr or super-kdr (which confers much higher level resistance than kdr) mutation previously identified in insects was not detected in the resistant mites. These results support the emerging notion that distinct sodium channel gene mutations are selected in different insects and arachnids in response to pyrethroid selection. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insect Res Unit, Honey Bees Grp, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Huang, ZY (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Huang, Zachary/D-5485-2011 OI Huang, Zachary/0000-0001-5354-5547 NR 46 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 21 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 25 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 585NG UT WOS:000177530400003 ER PT J AU Collins, AM AF Collins, AM TI Collection of honey bee eggs for cryopreservation SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; germplasm preservation; Taber forceps; embryos; hatching; egg; SEM; oviposition; humidity; age ID EMBRYOS AB To prepare honey bee (Apis mellifera) eggs for cryopreservation, it is necessary to remove them from the comb in which they were laid. Several tools were evaluated for this task, but a dental hook and a modified forceps designed by Taber were most effective. A reduced rate of hatching was seen in transferred eggs compared with those left in the comb to hatch. Increasing developmental age correlated with increasing tolerance to handling. Evidence of physical damage was seen using low temperature scanning electron microscopy. Sufficient numbers of eggs of an appropriate age (48 h) could be collected using the Taber forceps to justify using this method for cryopreservation technology development. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Collins, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3-4 BP 89 EP 95 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 653VG UT WOS:000181457300004 ER PT J AU Elzen, P Westervelt, D Causey, D Rivera, R Baxter, J Feldlaufer, M AF Elzen, P Westervelt, D Causey, D Rivera, R Baxter, J Feldlaufer, M TI Control of oxytetracycline-resistant American foulbrood with tylosin and its toxicity to honey bees (Apis mellifera) SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; honey bees; Paenibacillus larvae; American foulbrood; tylosin; antibiotics; resistance AB The antibiotic tylosin was found to be effective in controlling oxytetracycline-resistant American foulbrood (Paenibacillus larvae) in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies, while not affecting adult and larval honey bee mortality. An optimal rate of 200 mg tylosin, applied in 20 g of confectioners' sugar at weekly intervals for three weeks resulted in complete remission of detectable disease symptoms 45 days after initial treatment. No detectable disease symptoms were observed seven months after treatment with this rate. Various higher doses of tylosin (600 mg and 1000 mg per 20 g confectioners' sugar) applied over three honey bee brood cycles, resulted in no significant increase in adult and larval bee mortality when compared with controls. Discussion is given as to long term American foulbrood control and tactics for resistance management. C1 USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Florida State Dept Agr, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Elzen, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 8 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2002 VL 41 IS 3-4 BP 97 EP 100 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 653VG UT WOS:000181457300005 ER PT J AU Gawande, PV Bhagwat, AA AF Gawande, PV Bhagwat, AA TI Protective effects of cold temperature and surface-contact on acid tolerance of Salmonella spp. SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; STRESS RESPONSES; CHICKEN SKIN; TYPHIMURIUM; ATTACHMENT; SENSITIVITY; VEGETABLES; CHOCOLATE; VIRULENCE AB Aims: To determine the effect of cold-storage temperature and surface contact on the survival of Salmonella spp. during acid challenge. To determine the contribution of sigmatranscrip- tional factor (encoded by rpoS) in surface contact-mediated acid tolerance. Methods and Results: Salmonella serovar Typhimurium cells in exponential and stationary growth phase were subjected to acid challenge in planktonic and surface-associated states. Low temperatures offered protection against acid challenge to cells which were in stationary growth phase (but not to those in exponential growth phase). The cells from stationary, as well as logarithmic growth phase, acquired increased acid tolerance upon surface contact with various surfaces, such as fresh-cut apples, agar and polyethersulphone membranes. The alternative sigma transcription factor was not required to acquire surface contact-mediated acid tolerance. Conclusions: Salmonella spp. take advantage of low temperature and surface association to overcome acid challenge. Some of the acid tolerance mechanisms are independent of the sigma transcription factor regulon. Significance and Impact of the Study: Effective control measures during produce processing must take into account the different susceptibilities of planktonic vs surface-associated food-borne pathogens. C1 ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA,Plant Sci Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bhagwat, AA (reprint author), ARS, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA,Plant Sci Inst, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 002,Room 117,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Gawande, Purushottam/C-5487-2014 OI Gawande, Purushottam/0000-0001-8675-9293 NR 38 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2002 VL 93 IS 4 BP 689 EP 696 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01749.x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 594GZ UT WOS:000178042600020 PM 12234353 ER PT J AU Liebana, E Garcia-Migura, L Guard-Petter, J McDowell, SWJ Rankin, S Opitz, HM Clifton-Hadley, FA Davies, RH AF Liebana, E Garcia-Migura, L Guard-Petter, J McDowell, SWJ Rankin, S Opitz, HM Clifton-Hadley, FA Davies, RH TI Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis phage types 4, 7, 6, 8, 13a, 29 and 34: a comparative analysis of genomic fingerprints from geographically distant isolates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MOLECULAR TYPING METHODS; SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; PATHOGENIC STRAINS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; DIFFERENTIATION; CONVERSION; OUTBREAKS; TYPE-13A AB Aims: To evaluate genetic heterogeneity in the most common phage types of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Methods and Results: A total of 233 isolates of Salm. Enteritidis from England, Northern Ireland, Spain, Hong Kong and the USA belonging to phage types (PT) 4 (n = 88), PT7 (n = 12), PT6 (n = 72), PTS (n = 14), PT13a (n = 29), PT29 (n = 14) and PT34 (n = 4) were characterized by PstI-SphI (PS) ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis after digestion of DNA with XbaI. PS ribotyping differentiated the isolates into 53 different PS types and PFGE showed 14 different macrorestriction profiles; with the combination of both methods, 73 combined types were identified. Some of these clones appeared to be present within several countries. Movement of foodstuffs, animals or people may have been involved in the spread of these strains. On the other hand, some clones were only found in specific locations. Conclusions: Several well defined clonal lines seem to co-exist within the different phage types included in this study, and a combined typing approach may constitute a useful tool for epidemiological investigations. Clustering analysis of ribotypes and PFGE types agree with previous studies and suggest that phage types that share receptor binding properties can be distinguished as two families: the PT4 family including PT7 and PT6, and the PT8 family including PT13a. The other phage types are difficult to place in a family unless the geographical site of isolation is known. Significance and Impact of the Study: This paper reports on an extensive assessment of the use of molecular tools for the study of the epidemiology of the enteric pathogen Salm. Enteritidis. It also gives new information regarding relationships among some common phage types. C1 Vet Labs Agcy Weybridge, Dept Bacterial Dis, Addlestone KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. ARS, USDA, Athens, GA USA. Vet Sci Div, Dept Bacteriol, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Maine, Cooperat Extens & Anim & Vet Sci Program, Orono, ME USA. RP Liebana, E (reprint author), Vet Labs Agcy Weybridge, Dept Bacterial Dis, Woodham Lane, Addlestone KT15 3NB, Surrey, England. RI Clifton-Hadley, Felicity/F-7072-2010; Davies, Robert/F-1055-2010; Migura-Garcia, Lourdes/E-3560-2016; Liebana, Ernesto/I-1187-2016 OI Migura-Garcia, Lourdes/0000-0003-2935-928X; Liebana, Ernesto/0000-0003-1979-5731 NR 32 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2002 VL 92 IS 2 BP 196 EP 209 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01514.x PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 523UG UT WOS:000173973900002 PM 11849346 ER PT J AU Kim, YJ Liu, RH Rychlik, JL Russell, JB AF Kim, YJ Liu, RH Rychlik, JL Russell, JB TI The enrichment of a ruminal bacterium (Megasphaera elsdenii YJ-4) that produces the trans-10, cis-12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACIDS; MILK-FAT; RUMEN; CULTURES AB Aims: To isolate predominant ruminal bacteria that produce trans -10, cis -12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from linoleic acid (LA). Methods and Results: Mixed bacteria from ruminal contents of a cow fed grain were enriched with DL-lactate and trypticase. They produced more trans -10, cis -12 CLA than those that were not enriched (7 vs 2 mug mg protein(-1) , P < 0.05). Enrichments had an abundance of large cocci that produced trans -10, cis -12 CLA from LA. Strain YJ-4 produced the most trans -10, cis -12 CLA (approx. 7 μg mg protein(-1) ) and 16S rDNA sequencing indicated that YJ-4 was a strain of Megasphaera elsdenii. Megasphaera elsdenii T81 produced approx. 4 μg trans -10, cis -12 CLA mg protein(-1) while strains B159, AW106 and JL1 produced < 0.5 mug mg protein(-1) . The trans -10, cis -12 CLA production of YJ-4 was first order with respect to cell concentration (0-800 mug protein ml(-1) ), but kinetics were not first order with respect to substrate concentration. Conclusions: Some M. elsdenii strains produce significant amounts of trans -10, cis -12 CLA. Significance and Impact of the Study: Trans- 10, cis -12 CLA appears to cause milk fat depression in cattle fed diets supplemented with grain and polyunsaturated fatty acids, but predominant ruminal bacteria that produced trans -10, cis -12 CLA from LA had not previously been isolated. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Liu, Rui Hai/C-2865-2008 NR 32 TC 116 Z9 130 U1 2 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2002 VL 92 IS 5 BP 976 EP 982 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01610.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 544WK UT WOS:000175184500023 PM 11972704 ER PT J AU Everitt, JH Yang, C Helton, RJ Hartmann, LH Davis, MR AF Everitt, JH Yang, C Helton, RJ Hartmann, LH Davis, MR TI Remote sensing of giant salvinia in Texas waterways SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE light reflectance; color-infrared photography; accuracy assessment; Salvinia molesta ID REFLECTANCE CHARACTERISTICS AB Giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta Mitchell) is an invasive aquatic fern that has been discovered at several locations in southeast Texas. Field reflectance measurements were made on two classes of giant salvinia [green giant salvinia (green foliage) and senesced giant salvinia (mixture of green and brown foliage)] and several associated species. Reflectance measurements showed that green giant salvinia could be best distinguished at the visible green wavelength, whereas senesced giant salvinia could generally be best separated at the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength. Green giant salvinia and senesced giant salvinia could be detected on color-infrared (CIR) aerial photographs where them had pink and grayish-pink or olive-green image responses, respectively. Both classes of giant salvinia could be distinguished in reflectance measurements made on multiple dates and at several locations in southeast Texas. Likewise, they could he detected in CIR photographs obtained on several dates and at widely separated locations. Computer analysis of a CIR photographic transparency showed that green giant salvinia and senesced giant salvinia populations could he quantified. An accuracy assessment performed on the classified image showed an overall accuracy of 87.0%. C1 USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Texas Pks & Wildlife Dept, Jasper, TX 75951 USA. RP Everitt, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Integrated Farming & Nat Resources Unit, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 40 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 569RZ UT WOS:000176617200003 ER PT J AU Van, TK Rayachhetry, MB Center, TD Pratt, PD AF Van, TK Rayachhetry, MB Center, TD Pratt, PD TI Litter dynamics and phenology of Melaleuca quinquenervia in South Florida SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE litterfall; biomass; productivity; biological control; paperbark tree ID FALL; FOREST AB We monitored litterfall biomass at six different sites of melaleuca (Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake) forested wetlands in South Florida from July 1997 to June 1999. Annual litterfall of melaleuca varied between sites from 6.5 to 9.9 t dry wt ha(-1) yr(1) over the two-year period. Litterfall was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in scasonally flooded habitats (9.3 t ha(-1) yr(1)) than in non-flooded (7.5 t ha(-1) yr(1)) and permanently flooded habitats (8.0 t ha(-1) yr(1)). Leaf fall was the major component forming 70% of the total litter, woody material 16%, and reproductive material 11%. Phenology of flowering and leaf flush was investigated by examination of the timing and duration of the fall of different plant parts in the litter traps, coupled with monthly field observations during the two-year study. In both years, flowering began in October and November, with peak flowers production around December, and was essentially completed by February and March. New shoot growth began in mid winter after peak flowering, and extended into the spring. Very little new growth was observed in melaleuca forests during the summer months, from May to August, in South Florida. In contrast, the fall of leaves and small wood was recorded in every month of the year, but generally increased during the dry season with higher levels observed from February to April. Also, no seasonality was recorded in the fall of seed capsules, which apparently resulted from the continual self-thinning of small branches and twigs inside the forest stand. In planning management for perennial weeds, it is important to determine the period during its annual growth cycle when the plant is most susceptible to control measures. These phenological data suggest that the appropriate time for melaleuca control in South Florida might be during late winter and early spring, when the plant is most active. C1 USDA ARS, Invasive Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Van, TK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invasive Res Lab, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT SOC, INC PI LEHIGH ACRES PA PO BOX 1477, LEHIGH ACRES, FL 33970 USA SN 0146-6623 J9 J AQUAT PLANT MANAGE JI J. Aquat. Plant Manage. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 40 BP 22 EP 27 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 569RZ UT WOS:000176617200005 ER PT J AU Jennings, DT Catley, KM Graham, F AF Jennings, DT Catley, KM Graham, F TI Linyphia triangularis, a Palearctic spider (Araneae, Linyphiidae) new to North America SO JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE introduced species; Maine spiders; aggressive linyphiid; recent invasions ID THERIDIIDAE AB A Palearctic spider, Linyphia triangularis (Clerck 1757), has been accidentally introduced to the U.S.A. and populations successfully established in Maine. The date, origin, and focal point(s) of introduction are unknown, but suspected to be recent, European, and maritime. Extensive historical collections, records of maritime commerce, and recent chronological collections support this hypothesis. Results of cursory surveys in 1999 and 2000 indicate that L. triangularis is now widely distributed in Maine with specimens taken in 15 of 16 counties. The potential impact(s) of L. triangularis on the native araneofauna are unknown, but possibly detrimental. In Europe, this species exhibits aggressive behaviors (e.g., web "take-overs") toward conspecifics and congenerics. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Bradley, ME 04411 USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Natl Audubon Soc, New York, NY 10003 USA. RP Jennings, DT (reprint author), POB 130, Garland, ME 04939 USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ARACHNOLOGICAL SOC PI NEW YORK PA C/O NORMAN I PLATNICK, AMER MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, CENTRAL PK WEST AT 79TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 0161-8202 J9 J ARACHNOL JI J. Arachnol. PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3 BP 455 EP 460 DI 10.1636/0161-8202(2002)030[0455:LTAPSA]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 630MZ UT WOS:000180113100001 ER PT J AU Dowd, MK Rockey, WM French, AD Reilly, PJ AF Dowd, MK Rockey, WM French, AD Reilly, PJ TI MM3 modeling of aldopentose pyranose rings SO JOURNAL OF CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GLYCOSYL-ENZYME INTERMEDIATE; ALPHA-L-ARABINOPYRANOSIDE; BETA-D-XYLOPYRANOSIDES; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; FORCE-FIELD; METHYL; 2-(INDOL-3-YL)ETHYL; ARABINOSE AB MM3 (version 1992, epsilon = 3.0) was used to study the ring conformations Of D-xylopyranose, D-lyxopyranose and D-arabinopyranose. The energy surfaces exhibit low-energy regions corresponding to chair and skew forms with high-energy barriers between these regions corresponding to envelope and half-chair forms. The lowest energy conformer is C-4(1) for alpha- and beta-xylopyranose and alpha- and beta-lyxopyranose, and the lowest energy conformer is C-1(4) for alpha- and beta-arabinopyranose. Only alpha-lyxopyranose exhibits a secondary low-energy region (C-1(4)) within I kcal/mol of its global minimum. Overall, the results are in good agreement with NMR and crystallographic results. For many of these molecules, skew conformations are found with relatively low energies (2.5 to 4 kcal/mol above lowest energy chair form). The S-2(O) and C-1(4) conformers of crystalline benzoyl derivatives of xylopyranose are in secondary low-energy regions on the beta-xylopyranose surface, within 3.8 kcal/mol of the global C-4(1) minimum. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Dowd, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 59 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0732-8303 J9 J CARBOHYD CHEM JI J. Carbohydr. Chem. PY 2002 VL 21 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 25 DI 10.1081/CAR-120003735 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 560BL UT WOS:000176061400003 ER PT J AU Styron, SD French, AD Friedrich, JD Lake, CH Kiely, DE AF Styron, SD French, AD Friedrich, JD Lake, CH Kiely, DE TI MM3(96) conformational analysis of D-glucaramide and X-ray crystal structures of three D-glucaric acid derivatives - Models for synthetic poly(alkylene D-glucaramides) SO JOURNAL OF CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ACYCLIC DERIVATIVES; DITHIOACETALS; STABILITY; DIETHYL; SUGARS AB An exhaustive conformational analysis Of D-glucaramide was carried out using MM3(96) [MM3(96). Molecular Mechanics Software used with permission from N.L. Allinger; University of Georgia]. Nine torsion angles were each driven in increments of 120degrees, generating 19,683 starting conformations. Each conformation was then fully energy-minimized using MM3's block diagonal/full matrix optimization option at dielectric constants of both 3.5 and 6.5. Conformer populations were calculated based on the modeling results and calculated theoretical average H-1 vicinal coupling constants were compared to experimental values obtained in D2O solution. Crystal structures of three acyclic D-glucaric acid derivatives (N,N'-dimethyl-D-glucaramide, dipotassium D-glucarate, and sodium potassium D-glucarate) are reported. These structures and that of previously reported monopotassiurn olucarate correspond closely with model conformations that were within one kcal/mol of the global minimum. C1 Univ Montana, Shafizedeh Rocky Mt Ctr Wood & Carboyhdrate Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Chem, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Indiana, PA 15705 USA. RP Kiely, DE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Shafizedeh Rocky Mt Ctr Wood & Carboyhdrate Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0732-8303 J9 J CARBOHYD CHEM JI J. Carbohydr. Chem. PY 2002 VL 21 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 51 DI 10.1081/CAR-120003736 PG 25 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 560BL UT WOS:000176061400004 ER PT J AU Dowd, MK Stevens, ED AF Dowd, MK Stevens, ED TI The crystal structures of D-PINITOL and L-quebrachitol by low-temperature X-ray diffraction SO JOURNAL OF CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ACCUMULATION; SOLUTES; PLANTS; LEAVES AB The crystal and molecular structures Of D-pinitol and L-quebrachitol were determined from low temperature x-ray diffraction data. Pinitol crystallizes in an orthorhombic system, P2(1)2(1)2(1) (Z=4), with unit cell dimensions of a=6.8345(8) Angstrom, b=9.3233(10) Angstrom, and c=12.8911(14) Angstrom. Quebrachitol crystallizes in a monoclinic system, P2(1) (Z=2), with unit cell dimensions of a=6.6289(4) Angstrom, b=7.1895(4) Angstrom, c=8.6843(5) Angstrom, and beta=90.5690(10)degrees. No unusual bond lengths or valence angles are present within either structure. Both rings are in chair conformations, with the majority of the pendent groups in equatorial orientations. As found for many compounds with multiple hydroxyl groups, the structures have extensive networks of hydrogen bonds. Both structures have infinite chain sequences of hydrogen bonds incorporating the O-1 and O-4 hydroxyl groups and finite chain sequences incorporating the other hydroxyl groups. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Dowd, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0732-8303 J9 J CARBOHYD CHEM JI J. Carbohydr. Chem. PY 2002 VL 21 IS 5 BP 373 EP 383 DI 10.1081/CAR-1200014901 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 606KW UT WOS:000178734000003 ER PT J AU Fong, TH Yang, CC Greenberg, AS Wang, SM AF Fong, TH Yang, CC Greenberg, AS Wang, SM TI Immunocytochemical studies on lipid droplet-surface proteins in adrenal cells SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE perilipin; adipose differentiation-related protein; pl60; PKA; PKC; ERK; lipolysis ID DIFFERENTIATION-RELATED PROTEIN; CHOLESTEROL ESTER HYDROLASE; HORMONE-SENSITIVE LIPASE; PERILIPIN-A; KINASE-C; ADRENOCORTICAL-CELLS; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; STORAGE DROPLET; EXPRESSION; ADIPOCYTES AB Perilipin and ADRP, located on the surface of intracellular lipid droplets, are proposed to be involved in adipocyte lipid metabolism. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of PKA and PKC activities on the distribution of perilipin and ADRP in primary cultured adrenal cells, and the role of ERK in PMA- and calphostin C-induced steroidogenesis. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that in addition to p160, a capsular protein of steroidogenic lipid droplets, perilipin and ADRP were localized on the lipid droplet surface. Stimuli such as activation of PKA by db cAMP or inhibition of PKC by calphostin C, which increase corticosterone synthesis in various magnitudes, caused detachment of p160 and perilipin, but not ADRP, from the lipid droplet surface. Activation of PKC by PMA induced increase in corticosterone synthesis, however, it did not affect the distribution of perilipin, p160, or ADRP on the lipid droplet surface, suggesting the presence of mechanisms for promoting sterodiogensis other than causing detachment of lipid droplet surface proteins. We further demonstrated that ERK pathway was involved in PMA-induced steroidogenesis, since PD98059, specific inhibitor of MFK, blocked the increases in steroidogenesis and phosphorylation of ERK caused by PMA, but not by cAMP-PKA. These data indicate that p160, perilipin, and ADRP were all located on the lipid droplet surface in rat adrenal cells. On the basis of its non-responsiveness to lipolytic stimulation, ADRP may be a structural protein of the lipid droplet surface, whereas their immediate response to lipolytic stimuli suggest that perilipin and p160 are functional proteins. PKC regulates adrenal steroidogenesis through ERK cascade, whereas PKA pathway does not involve ERK. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Taipei Med Univ, Dept Anat, Taipei 110, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Taipei 100, Taiwan. RP Greenberg, AS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P30DK34928] NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PY 2002 VL 86 IS 3 BP 432 EP 439 DI 10.1002/jcb.10222 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 581KC UT WOS:000177290300004 PM 12210750 ER PT J AU Chen, JS Greenberg, AS Wang, SM AF Chen, JS Greenberg, AS Wang, SM TI Oleic acid-induced PKC isozyme translocation in RAW 264.7 macrophages SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE oleic acid; PKC translocation; macrophage ID PROTEIN-KINASE-C; SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; DIFFERENTIATION-RELATED PROTEIN; CYTOPLASMIC LIPID BODIES; DIETARY FATTY-ACIDS; PHORBOL ESTER; ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; ANGIOTENSIN-II; STEROL ESTER AB Fatty acids are important second messengers that mediate various cellular functions, but their role in the formation of macrophage foam cells is not known. High plasma levels of oleic acid (OA) in obese patients are often associated with a high risk for atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes involved in OA-induced lipid accumulation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results show that OA induces translocation of PKCalpha, beta1, and delta from the cytosol to the cell membrane 5 min after the treatment. After 16 h incubation with OA, PKCdelta was found to be colocalized with adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP) on the surface of lipid droplets, but immunoprecipitation experiments showed that PKC delta was not biochemically associated with ADRP. After 16 h incubation with OA plus phorbol I 2-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), PKC delta staining on the lipid droplet surface was not seen, whereas the accumulation of lipid droplets was unaffected. Furthermore, downregulation of PKC delta was confirmed by immunoblotting. These results demonstrate possible involvement of specific PKC isozymes in the early phase of lipid accumulation, possibly during the uptake of OA. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Taipei 100, Taiwan. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wang, SM (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, 1-1 Jen Ai Rd, Taipei 100, Taiwan. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [P30DK34928, DK 50647] NR 43 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PY 2002 VL 86 IS 4 BP 784 EP 791 DI 10.1002/jcb.10266 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 581JZ UT WOS:000177289900017 PM 12210744 ER PT J AU Delwiche, SR Graybosch, RA AF Delwiche, SR Graybosch, RA TI Identification of waxy wheat by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wheat; starch; amylose; waxy; classification; near-infrared ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; APPARENT AMYLOSE CONTENT; COMMON WHEAT; PASTING PROPERTIES; MAIZE STARCHES; WX PROTEIN; CULTIVARS; BARLEY; GENES; RICE AB Newly developed low amylose wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) have unique processing characteristics, and thus allow millers to blend defined levels of amylose in mixes requiring low-amylose flour. The amount of amylose synthesised during grain fill is dependent on the expression of three structural genes that encode isoforms of granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS). Lines possessing null alleles at the three waxy (wx) loci produce starch that lacks amylose. While such wheats are readily identified by iodine staining, their identification in wheat marketing and production systems would be facilitated by the use of rapid, spectral methods. The present study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to identify waxy wheats, and differentiate them from partial waxy and wild-type phenotypes. Nearly 200 lines from each of two harvest years, with a range of zero (waxy) to three (wild-type) active genes, were ground and scanned (1100-2500 nm) in NIR reflectance. Linear or quadratic discriminant functions of the scores from principal component decomposition cross validation demonstrated that within a crop year, near-perfect separation of fully waxy (27 of 27 samples from Year 1, and 23 of 24 samples from Year 2 correctly identified) from non-waxy lines (165 of 165 samples from either Year I or Year 2 correctly identified) was achievable. Further classification among the three non-waxy classes was more difficult, with an average overall accuracy of 60%. Misclassifications were most often assignments into neighbouring gene classes (e.g. 1-gene line assigned to the 2-gene class). The method should prove useful in the identification of waxy wheats, or of blends of waxy and non-waxy cultivars. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Delwiche, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 22 TC 48 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 35 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1006/jcrs.2001.0400 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 524RC UT WOS:000174025800004 ER PT J AU Epstein, J Morris, CF Huber, KC AF Epstein, J Morris, CF Huber, KC TI Instrumental texture of white salted noodles prepared from recombinant inbred lines of wheat differing in the three granule bound starch synthase (Waxy) genes SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE noodles; waxy genes; wheat; texture ID 3 WX GENES; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; AMYLOSE CONTENT; COMMON WHEAT; PASTING PROPERTIES; HEXAPLOID WHEATS; QUALITY REQUIREMENTS; ALKALINE NOODLES; ENDOSPERM STARCH; JAPANESE NOODLES AB Texture is a key quality determinant of white salted noodles (WSN). Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) (n = 130) of wheat with all combinations of the three Waxy genes provided a unique opportunity to relate granule bound starch synthase (GBSS) gene dosage with the texture of WSN using texture profile analysis. Harder noodles tended to be more adhesive and chewier (r = -0.68 and 0.97, respectively), whereas a reduction in adhesiveness was correlated with greater cohesiveness (r = 0.65), springiness (r = 0.72), and resilience (r = 0.66). Cohesiveness and resilience were highly correlated (r = 0.94). Highly significant variation existed among the RILs for all noodle texture parameters. Normal starch RIL noodles tended to produce the hardest, most adhesive and chewy, but least cohesive, springy and resilient noodles. Full waxy RIL noodles were the softest, thickest, least adhesive and chewy, and most cohesive and springy. Partial waxy RIL noodles generally were intermediate in texture. The GBSS genotype comprised 27-68% of the variance of noodle texture compared to 27-60% variance for RILs within GBSS class. Based on these results, starch composition is a major contributor to the texture of white salted noodles. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, E-202 Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil E,POB 646394, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu NR 53 TC 55 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 EI 1095-9963 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 35 IS 1 BP 51 EP 63 DI 10.1006/jcrs.2001.0412 PG 13 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 524RC UT WOS:000174025800006 ER PT J AU Cardoza, YJ Alborn, HT Tumlinson, JH AF Cardoza, YJ Alborn, HT Tumlinson, JH TI In vivo volatile emissions from peanut plants induced by simultaneous fungal infection and insect damage SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE peanut; plant defense; volatile induction; white mold; beet armyworm; Spodoptera exigua; Sclerotium rolfsii; Arachis hypogaea ID LEAF-DERIVED VOLATILES; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; JASMONIC ACID; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION; SIGNAL INTERACTIONS; INDUCED RESISTANCE; METHYL JASMONATE; PARASITIC WASPS; LEAVES AB Peanut plants, Arachis hypogaea, infected with white mold, Sclerotium rotium rolfsii, emit a blend of organic compounds that differs both quantitatively and qualitatively from the blend emitted from plants damaged by beet armyworm (BAW; Spodoptera exigua) larvae or from uninfected, undamaged plants. Attack by BAW induced release of lipoxygenase products (hexenols, hexenals, and hexenyl esters), terpenoids, and indole, The plant-derived compound methyl salicylate and the fungal-derived compound 3-octanone were found only in headspace samples from white mold infected plants. White mold-infected plants exposed to BAW damage released all the volatiles emitted by healthy plants fed on by BAW in addition to those emitted in response to white mold infection alone. When BAW larvae were given a choice of feeding on leaves from healthy or white mold-infected plants, they consumed larger quantities of the leaves from infected plants. Exposure to commercially available (Z)-3 hexenyl acetate, linalool, and methyl salicylate, compounds emitted by white mold-infected plants, significantly reduced the growth of the white mold in solid-media cultures. Thus, emission of these compounds by infected plants may constitute a direct defense against this pathogen. C1 USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Tumlinson, JH (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 3rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 32 TC 97 Z9 103 U1 2 U2 32 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 28 IS 1 BP 161 EP 174 DI 10.1023/A:1013523104853 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 521BE UT WOS:000173817800012 PM 11868672 ER PT J AU Sunehag, AL Louie, K Bier, JL Tigas, S Haymond, MW AF Sunehag, AL Louie, K Bier, JL Tigas, S Haymond, MW TI Hexoneogenesis in the human breast during lactation SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID RAT MAMMARY-GLAND; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYKINASE; MILK AB Lactose is the major osmotic agent in milk. Therefore, lactose synthesis indirectly regulates milk volume. The aim of this study was to determine the source of glucose and galactose in lactose. Six healthy lactating women were studied twice, during a 24-h fast and during ingestion of a mixed macronutrient drink (Sustacal) using [U-(13)C]glucose and [2-(13)C]glycerol. Six additional lactating women were studied on one single occasion during ingestion of glucose labeled with [1-(13)C]glucose. Using the ratios of [(13)C(6)] enrichments of glucose in lactose and plasma glucose and that of galactose in lactose and plasma glucose, we determined that 98 +/- 3% of glucose and 68 +/- 7% of galactose in lactose were derived from plasma glucose in the fed state, and 72 +/- 4 and 51 +/- 3%, respectively, after a 24-h fast. Virtually identical results (97 +/- 6 and 64 +/- 4%, respectively) were obtained during the glucose feeding study. On the basis of the [(13)C(1)] enrichment of glucose and galactose in lactose (derived from [2-(13)C]glycerol), glycerol contributes to the production of galactose but not glucose within the breast. Thus, plasma glucose is an important source of lactose, but significant amounts of glucose and galactose in lactose are generated within the breast, a process denoted hexoneogenesis. In this process, glycerol is a precursor for milk galactose but not glucose. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,CNRC, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Haymond, MW (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,CNRC, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mhaymond@bcm.tmc.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-00188-34]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD 37857]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01DK 55478] NR 17 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 87 IS 1 BP 297 EP 301 DI 10.1210/jc.87.1.297 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 514PR UT WOS:000173450700046 PM 11788663 ER PT J AU Tigas, S Sunehag, A Haymond, MW AF Tigas, S Sunehag, A Haymond, MW TI Metabolic adaptation to feeding and fasting during lactation in humans SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; GLUCOSE-PRODUCTION; WOMEN; PREGNANCY; MEN AB The aim of these studies was to determine the metabolic adaptation to fasting and feeding during lactation. Normal lactating (L) and nonlactating (NL) women (n = 6 each) were studied using infusions of [U-(13)C]glucose and [2-(13)C]glycerol during: 1) a 24-h fast, and 2) ingestion of Sustacal (protocol 1). In addition, 8 L and 6 NL women were studied during infusion of [6,6-(2)H(2)]glucose and ingestion of a glucose meal containing [1-(13)C]glucose (protocol 2). Protocol 1: Glucose production rate (GPR) during fasting was 33% higher in the L women (12.5 +/- 1.0 vs. 9.4 +/- 0.5 mumol(.)kg(-1.)min(-1); P < 0.03). Fractional gluconeogenesis (GNG), GNG rate, glucose, lactate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, FFA, insulin, and C-peptide were similar in both groups during feeding and fasting, but glycogenolysis was 50% higher in fasting L women. Protocol 2: Although GPR was slightly increased in the L group (L, 1.8 +/- 0.2 mumol(.)kg(-1.)min(-1); NL, 1.2 +/- 0.2 mumol(.)kg(-1.)min(-1); P < 0.04), no other differences were observed in splanchnic and systemic metabolism of ingested glucose between L and NL women. Insulin concentrations were lower in L women compared with controls (L, 15 +/- 3 muU/ml; NL, 28 +/- 6 muU/ml; P = 0.05). In conclusion, the increased glucose demands of lactation are met by increased GPR as a result of increased glycogenolysis but not GNG or by increased use of FFA. During feeding, lactating women handle oral carbohydrates normally but have increased insulin sensitivity. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Haymond, MW (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM mhaymond@bcm.tmc.edu OI Tigas, Stelios/0000-0001-7325-8983 FU NCRR NIH HHS [1-RR-00188]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD37857]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK 55478] NR 21 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 87 IS 1 BP 302 EP 307 DI 10.1210/jc.87.1.302 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 514PR UT WOS:000173450700047 PM 11788664 ER PT J AU Van Oostveldt, K Paape, MJ Burvenich, C AF Van Oostveldt, K Paape, MJ Burvenich, C TI Apoptosis of bovine neutrophils following diapedesis through a monolayer of endothelial and mammary epithelial cells SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; neutrophils; bovine; diapedesis ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; PHAGOCYTE RECOGNITION; VITRONECTIN RECEPTOR; MILK LEUKOCYTES; OXIDATIVE BURST; MACROPHAGES; INHIBITION; CASEIN; BLOOD; CD36 AB In a two-chamber system, isolated blood polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN) were allowed to migrate (5 h, 37 C) in response to bovine complement component C5a across calfskin and rat-tail type I collagen-coated micropore membranes, arterial endothelial, or mammary epithelial cell monolayer on calfskin and rat-tail collagen-coated membranes, respectively. Migration through calfskin collagen-coated membranes resulted in 14.5% +/- 3.4% apoptotic PMN, which was significantly higher than 6.6% +/- 1.2% apoptotic nonmigrated C5a-treated PMN. The addition of an endothelial or epithelial cell monolayer to collagen-coated membranes prevented apoptosis of migrated PMN. After removing the membranes, nonmigrated (untreated and C5a treated) and migrated PMN were incubated for an additional 20 h. At this time point, 69.1% +/- 4.5% and 47% +/- 4.5% of PMN that have migrated through a calfskin-coated membrane and an endothelial monolayer, respectively, were apoptotic, compared with 28.2% +/- 3.0% and 21.1% +/- 4.5% apoptotic untreated and C5a-treated PMN, respectively; 46.9% +/- 4.8% of PMN that have migrated through rat-tail-coated membranes were apoptotic compared with 14.7% +/- 2.3% and 9.3% +/- 1.2% apoptotic untreated and C5a-treated PMN, respectively. Migration across rat-tail collagen-coated membranes with a monolayer of epithelial cells did not affect apoptosis of migrated PMN, even after 20 h of incubation. In conclusion, migration of PMN across collagen-coated membranes (either calfskin or rat-tail collagen) induced an apoptotic response, which was downregulated by a monolayer of endothelial cells and was negated by an epithelial cell monolayer. C1 State Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Physiol Biochem & Biometr, B-9820 Merebeke, Belgium. ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, ANRI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Burvenich, C (reprint author), State Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Physiol Biochem & Biometr, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merebeke, Belgium. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 85 IS 1 BP 139 EP 147 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 519NB UT WOS:000173731400018 PM 11860106 ER PT J AU Riddick, EW AF Riddick, EW TI Superparasitism occasionally predisposes Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) to develop gregariously in Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE solitary; gregarious; superparasitism; mass rearing; biological control ID APANTELES; PARASITOIDS; MATTER; HOSTS AB Experiments were designed to estimate the incidence of superparasitism of Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) and gregarious development of Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson). Dissections of host larvae revealed that superparasitism was common at all host densities (5, 10, or 20 larvae per 0.05 liter arena). At least two parasitoid eggs were present per host on day 1 after parasitoid oviposition; eggs were scarcely found on day 2 and never found on days 3, 4 or 5. More than one parasitoid first instar was present per host on day 2 at all densities, although more were found in hosts of the 5 density rather than the 20 density treatment. Second instars were present in hosts on days 3, 4 and 5, and at least one was present per host on day S. Third instars (the final instar stage) were not present inside hosts by day 5. Rearing of host larvae demonstrated that gregarious development was rare, since less than 6% of parasitized hosts yielded two third instars that spun cocoons. Neither host density nor exposure time (24 h, 48 h) had an effect on the occurrence of gregarious development. The adult emergence rate was 64% and the sex ratio was male-biased for parasitoids that developed gregariously. The adult emergence rate was 73% and the sex ratio was unbiased for those that developed solitarily. This research suggests that superparasitism of hosts by C. marginiventris can occasionally predispose parasitoid larvae to develop gregariously. Frequent superparasitism of hosts may be detrimental to the long-term propagation of C. marginiventris. C1 USDA ARS, REE, MSA, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Riddick, EW (reprint author), USDA ARS, REE, MSA, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, 810 Highway 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. OI riddick, eric/0000-0002-4795-961X NR 28 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 529PJ UT WOS:000174307600001 ER PT J AU Thomas, DB AF Thomas, DB TI Season, hour of release and holding time as determinants of persistence of mass reared, sterilized Mexican fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) at a release site SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha; fruit flies; sterile insect technique; biocontrol; trapping ID POPULATION FLUCTUATIONS AB Persistence of mass-reared, radiosterilized Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), released at a target site was measured by trap-back. Released flies persisted in greater numbers during the winter months, with lowest numbers recovered in the summertime. Nocturnal releases were equally effective as morning releases in terms of persistence. Afternoon releases yielded better results in the winter but should be avoided in summer. Lowest persistence occurred in months with temperature extremes. C1 USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Thomas, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 37 IS 1 BP 41 EP 47 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 529PJ UT WOS:000174307600004 ER PT J AU Petrice, TR Haack, RA Poland, TM AF Petrice, TR Haack, RA Poland, TM TI Selection of overwintering sites by Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) during fall shoot departure SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Tomicus piniperda; Coleoptera; Scolytidae; exotic pest; overwintering behavior; shoot departure; Scotch pine; Pinus sylvestris; Indiana; North America; quarantine ID SCOTCH PINE; BEHAVIOR AB Selection of overwintering sites at the base of Scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris L., trees by Tomicus piniperda (L.) adults was monitored in northwestern IN, We monitored adult movement five times during the period of 22 October 1998 to 31 January 1999 by dissecting shoots and trunks of four trees per sample date, For all adults collected, 100% were found in shoots on 22 October, 81%, on 4 November, 10% on 18 November, 2% on 3 December, and <1% on 31 January. No overwintering adults were found on the lower trunks of trees sampled on 22 October. Some adults (N = 16) were found on 4 November, 1 day after the first subfreezing air temperatures were recorded. For all adults (N = 448) collected from lower trunks during the three sample periods in November and December, the mean height along the trunk where adults overwintered was 2.6 cm above the duff line. Mean overwintering height did not differ significantly among sample dates (P > 0.21). When distance along the trunk was divided into 5-cm intervals relative to the duff line, most adults were found either 0 to 5 cm above the duff line (48%) or below the duff line (32%). Overall, 98% of the overwintering adults were found at or below the 10-cm height level from the duff line and 99% were at or below the 25-cm height level. A significantly lower percentage of adults was found below the duff line on 4 November as compared to 18 November and 3 December. However, percentages of adults found in each 5-cm interval above the duff line did not differ significantly among sample dates, Overwintering adults were found above 20 cm from the duff line on 18 November and 3 December, but no adults were found above 8 cm on 4 November. Results suggest that the first adults to arrive at the tree base prefer to overwinter within the first 10 cm of the duff line but do not necessarily prefer the area closest to or below the duff line. C1 Michigan State Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Petrice, TR (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1407 S Harrison Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 37 IS 1 BP 48 EP 59 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 529PJ UT WOS:000174307600005 ER PT J AU Hibbard, BE Levine, E Duran, DP Gruenhagen, NM Spencer, JL AF Hibbard, BE Levine, E Duran, DP Gruenhagen, NM Spencer, JL TI Electroantennogram response of two western corn rootworm (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) adult populations to corn and soybean volatiles SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; EAG; crop rotation; maize; Zea mays; Glycine max ID ACTIVE COMPONENTS; MAIZE SILK; ATTRACTANTS; DIABROTICA; ROTATION; NORTHERN; BEETLES; POWDER AB The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, has adapted to crop rotation in parts of Illinois and Indiana with females now laying eggs in soybean, Glycine max L., fields in addition to corn, Zea mays L., fields. The electroantennogram (EAG) responses of females from the rotation-adapted population (Illinois) were not significantly different than the EAG responses of females from the 'normal' population (Missouri) for any of nine individual volatile treatments evaluated except to (EZ)-2,6-nonadienal. However, females from the rotation-adapted population had nominally greater EAG responses than females from the 'normal' population for eight of nine treatments. This difference was significant when volatile treatments were combined to analyze the main effect of corn rootworm populations. Differences between populations were consistent across volatile treatments, and the volatile treatments x populations interaction was not significant for the analyses of data from females or males. The EAG responses of males from the rotation-adapted corn rootworm population were not significantly different than the EAG responses of males from the 'normal' population for any of the individual volatile treatments evaluated or in the combined analysis. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Hibbard, BE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 109 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Spencer, Joseph/B-6876-2012 OI Spencer, Joseph/0000-0003-4757-563X NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 37 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 529PJ UT WOS:000174307600007 ER PT J AU Morton, LS Evans, CV Estes, GO AF Morton, LS Evans, CV Estes, GO TI Natural uranium and thorium distributions in podzolized soils and native blueberry SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID DECAY-SERIES RADIONUCLIDES; CONCENTRATION RATIOS; PLANT; PHYTOREMEDIATION; FIELD; RADIOACTIVITY; ENVIRONMENT; ADSORPTION; VEGETATION; DEPOSITS AB Plant uptake of radionuclides is one of many vectors for introduction of contaminants into the human food chain. Thus, it is critical to understand soil-plant relationships that control nuclide bioavailability. Our objectives in this study were to (i) determine the extent of U and Th uptake and cycling by blueberry (Vaccinium pallidum Aiton) in native habitat and (ii) identify the soil properties and processes that contribute most to U and Th bioavailability in this system. We collected composite samples of plant leaves and stems, and samples from surface (AE) horizons and from the upper part of the Bs horizon at two sites. Concentration ratios (CRs) for U and Th were calculated for all plant tissues, using both the AE and Bs horizons as the base. Soil concentrations of U ranged from 16 to 25 mug g(-1), with a mean of 21.1 mug g-1. Soil concentrations of Th ranged from 14 to 97 mug g(-1), with a mean of 41.8 mug g-1. Mean U concentrations were 8.65 X 10(-3) mug g(-1) in leaf tissue, and 7.95 X 10(-3) mug g(-1) in stem tissue. Mean Th concentrations were 1.59 X 10(-1) mug g(-1) in leaf tissue, and 9.10 X 10(-1) mug g(-1) in stem tissue. Blueberry plants are cycling both U and Th in this system, with Th cycling occurring to a greater extent than U. In addition, Th was translocated preferentially to plant leaves while U concentrations showed little preferential translocation. Uranium uptake, however, seemed more sensitive than Th uptake to soil properties. C1 Univ Wisconsin Parkside, Dept Geol, Kenosha, WI 53141 USA. USDA, NRCS, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Plant Physiol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Evans, CV (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Parkside, Dept Geol, Kenosha, WI 53141 USA. NR 46 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 31 IS 1 BP 155 EP 162 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 515FG UT WOS:000173484300018 PM 11837419 ER PT J AU McDowell, R Sharpley, A AF McDowell, R Sharpley, A TI Phosphorus transport in overland flow in response to position of manure application SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID TOPSOIL AGGREGATE STABILITY; SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; WATER-CONTENT; RUNOFF; RAINFALL; DESORPTION; MANAGEMENT; SEDIMENTS; SORPTION; KINETICS AB Phosphorus (P) loss in overland flow varies with spatial distribution of soil P, management, and hydrological pathways. The effect of flow time, flowpath length, and manure position on P loss in overland flow from two central Pennsylvania soils packed in boxes of varying length (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.75, and 4.0 m long X 15 cm wide X 5 cm deep) were examined by collecting flow samples at 5-min intervals for 30 min (50 mm h(-1) rainfall) without and with 75 kg P ha(-1) applied as swine (Sus scrofa) manure over 0.5 m of the box slope length at distances of 0 to 3.5 m from the downslope collection point. Dissolved reactive P concentration was more closely related to the proportion of clay in sediment of overland flow before (r = 0.98) than after (r = 0.56) manure application. This was attributed to the transport of larger, low-density particles after applying manure. The concentration of dissolved and particulate P fractions decreased with increasing flowpath length, due to dilution rather than sorption of P by surface soil during overland flow. Total P loss (mainly as particulate P) from the Watson channery silt loam (fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Fragiudult) was more than from Berks channery silt loam (loamy-skeletal, mixed, active, mesic Typic Dystrudept), even with manure applied. Thus, while P loss in overland flow is affected by where manure is applied relative to flowpath length, initial soil P concentration should not be discounted when looking at areas of potential P loss within a watershed. C1 AgRes LtD, Invermay Agr Ctr, Mosgiel, New Zealand. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP McDowell, R (reprint author), AgRes LtD, Invermay Agr Ctr, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel, New Zealand. OI McDowell, Richard/0000-0003-3911-4825 NR 44 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 31 IS 1 BP 217 EP 227 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 515FG UT WOS:000173484300025 PM 11837425 ER PT J AU Papiernik, SK Ernst, FF Yates, SR AF Papiernik, SK Ernst, FF Yates, SR TI An apparatus for measuring the gas permeability of films SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article AB The gas permeability of plastic films is important in packaging, containment, and agricultural fumigation. Recently, ail approach for estimating the mass transfer coefficient of vapors across a film was, presented by Papiernik et al. (2001). The mass transfer coefficient is an intrinsic property of a film-chemical combination, independent of the concentration gradient mainted across the film. Here we describe an apparatus useful for obtaining permeability data; the model of Papiernik et al. (2001) may be fitted to the data. to determine mass transfer coefficients. The assembled equipment provides a sealed permeability cell, where a sample of the film to be tested is sandwiched between two static half-cells. Vapor is spiked to one side of the Him and the concentrations in the spiked and receiving chamber are monitored until equilibrium. A sealed system. is required for this approach; the permeability cells described here were gas-tight, for >40 d. This approach produces reproducible measures of mass transfer coefficients that are not dependent on the size of the experimental apparatus. Model parameters were similar when fitted simultaneously as when determined independently from the same data set. C1 USDA ARS, George F Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Papiernik, SK (reprint author), USDA ARS, George F Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 31 IS 1 BP 358 EP 361 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 515FG UT WOS:000173484300040 PM 11837441 ER PT J AU Mayer, MS Mitchell, ER AF Mayer, MS Mitchell, ER TI (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate: A supernormal stimulus of Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) [Lepidoptera : Noctuidae] sex pheromone behavior SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE behavior; olfaction; cabbage looper; discrimination; perception; flight; trapping ID CABBAGE-LOOPER MOTH; MULTICOMPONENT PHEROMONES; RUBBER SEPTA; DISCRIMINATION; COMPONENTS; IDENTIFICATION; SPECIFICITY; COLLECTION; PERCEPTION; MIXTURES AB Males discriminate between the single most important individual component of the sex pheromone of the female cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate (Z7-12:Ac), and a mixture containing Z7-12:Ac and the other five putative components. The manifestation of discrimination is not an enhancement of captures by the mixture, rather, it is a reduction of captures in a paired trap baited with Z7-12:Ac by itself. Previous experiments showed that either or both of (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate (Z7-14:Ac) and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:Ac) were responsible for this discrimination. This report provides evidence that Z7-14:Ac is more active than Z9-14:Ac, which appears to have no demonstrable effect on behavior. The results are discussed with reference to the behavior that is effected by the above three components, the composition of the native sex pheromone, and whether or not Z7-12:Ac might be a supernormal releaser of behavior. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Mitchell, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2002 VL 37 IS 2 BP 161 EP 172 DI 10.1081/PFC-120002988 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 543JL UT WOS:000175098500007 PM 11990370 ER PT J AU Ferenczi, J Ambrus, A Wauchope, RD Sumner, HR AF Ferenczi, J Ambrus, A Wauchope, RD Sumner, HR TI Persistence and runoff losses of 3 herbicides and chlorpyrifos from a corn field in the Lake Balaton watershed of Hungary SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE atrazine; acetochlor; propizochlor; chlorpyrifos; water quality; pesticide runoff; simulated rainfall ID RAINFALL SIMULATION; SMALL PLOTS; TILLAGE; PESTICIDES AB Corn is intensively cultivated in western Hungary in the basin of Lake Balaton, one of the most important water resources in eastern Europe. Pesticide runoff was measured in 1996 and 1997 from a typical corn field near Zalaegerszeg, Hungary, which drains into the Zala River, an important water source of Lake Balaton. Three herbicides, namely atrazine, acetochlor, and propizochlor, and the insecticide chlorpyrifos were applied to bare soil in a field with 5% slope and soil and runoff water pesticide concentrations were monitored. In 1997, a rainfall-runoff simulation experiment was conducted on a small sub-plot in order to measure pesticide runoff under reasonable worst-case conditions. Under natural rainfall almost all losses occurred in a large runoff event in 1996 one month after application in which 3% of atrazine and 1% of acetochlor was transported off the field. Propizochlor and chlorpyrifos losses in the same event were much lower: 0.2% and <0.01%, respectively, because of these chemicals' shorter persistence times in near-surface soil. The rainfall simulation produced only trace amounts of losses even though 4.1 cm was applied in 2 hours; the soil was extremely dry and only 0.2 cm runoff occurred containing less than 0.01% of all chemicals applied. The results suggest that intensive use of corn herbicides, which have been found to result in widespread contamination of water resources elsewhere, may be expected to have the same impact in the Balaton watershed depending on the amounts and intensities used in the basin. C1 IAEA, Seibersdorf, Austria. Plant Protect & Soil Conservat Stn Zala Cty, Zalaegerszeg, Hungary. USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Ambrus, A (reprint author), IAEA, Seibersdorf, Austria. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2002 VL 37 IS 3 BP 211 EP 224 DI 10.1081/PFC-120003099 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 549ED UT WOS:000175430800003 PM 12009192 ER PT J AU Mitchell, ER AF Mitchell, ER TI Promising new technology for managing diamondback moth (Lepidoptera : Plutellidae) in cabbage with pheromone SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE sex pheromone; disruption; sexual communication; confusion principle; trail following; habituation ID DIADEGMA INSULARE HYMENOPTERA; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; MATING DISRUPTION; RESISTANCE; YPONOMEUTIDAE; ICHNEUMONIDAE; ATTRACTICIDE; TORTRICIDAE; MANAGEMENT; LARVAE AB Experiments were conducted in plantings of cabbage in spring 1999 and 2000 to evaluate a novel, new matrix system for delivering sex pheromone to suppress sexual communication by diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). The liquid, viscous, slow-release formulation contained a combination of diamondback moth pheromone, a blend of Z-11-hexadecenyl acetate, 27%:Z-11-hexadecen-1-ol, 1%:Z-11-tetradecen-1-ol, 9%:Z-11-hexadecenal, 63%, and the insecticide permethrin (0.16% and 6% w/w of total formulated material, respectively). Field trapping experiments showed that the lure-toxicant combination was highly attractive to male moths for at least four weeks using as little as a 0.05 g droplet of formulated material per trap; and the permethrin insecticide had no apparent influence on response of moths to lure baited traps. Small field plots of cabbage were treated with the lure-toxicant-matrix combination using droplets of 0.44 and 0.05 g each applied to cabbage in a grid pattern at densities ranging from 990 to 4396 droplets/ha to evaluate the potential for disrupting sexual communication of diamondback moth. There was no significant difference in the level of suppression of sexual communication of diamondback moth, as measured by captures of males in pheromone-baited traps located in the treated plots, versus moths captured in untreated control plots, among the treatments regardless of droplet size (0,05 or 0.44 g) or number of droplets applied per ha. Plots treated with the smallest droplet size (0.05 g) and with the fewest number of droplets per ha (990) suppressed captures of male diamondback moths > 90% for up to 3 weeks post treatment. Although laboratory assays showed that the lure-toxicant combination was 100% effective at killing the diamondback moth, the mode of action in the field trials was not determined. The results indicate that the liquid, viscous, slow release formulation containing diamondback moth pheromone could be used to effectively suppress sexual communication of this pest in cabbage and other crucifers, although as many as three applications probably would be required for suppression over an entire growing season. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. RP Mitchell, ER (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2002 VL 37 IS 3 BP 277 EP 290 DI 10.1081/PFC-120003105 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 549ED UT WOS:000175430800009 PM 12009198 ER PT J AU Mostafa, FIY Helling, CS AF Mostafa, FIY Helling, CS TI Impact of four pesticides on the growth and metabolic activities of two photosynthetic algae SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE isoproturon; lindane; methyl parathion; pentachlorophenol; pesticides; Chlorella anabaena ID CHLORELLA-VULGARIS; SELENASTRUM-CAPRICORNUTUM; SCENEDESMUS-SUBSPICATUS; MICROBIAL-POPULATIONS; GREEN-ALGAE; SOIL; TOXICITY; CHLOROPHYLL; HERBICIDES; INSECTICIDES AB The acute toxicity was determined for soil algae Chlorella kesslerei and Anabaena inaequalis, exposed to pesticides lindane, pentachlorophenol (PCP), isoproturon (IPU), and methyl parathion (MP). Toxicity markers included growth inhibition, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and total carbohydrate content, as a function of dose and time. Concentration response functions (EC50) were estimated by probit data transformation and weighted linear regression analyses. Lindane's toxicity to Chlorella increased sharply with time (EC50 = 7490, 10.3, 0.09 mg L-1; 24, 48, 72 h), but remained nearly constant through 72 h with Anabaena (8.7 - 6.7 mg L-1; 24-72 h). PCP at low concentrations stimulated algal growth and chlorophyll a production, an effect reversed at higher doses. Anabaena was less tolerant of PCP and MP than was Chlorella. The 96-h static EC50 values for Chlorella were: 0.003, 34, 0.05, and 291 mg L-1 for lindane, PCP, isoproturon, and MP, respectively; for Anabaena, these were 4.2, 0.13, 0.21, and 19 mg L-1. Carbohydrate production responses were similar to those of cell density (growth) and chlorophyll biosynthesis, with MP having the lowest adverse impact. The overall relative toxicity among the four tested pesticides was: for Chlorella, lindane>IPUmuch greater thanPCPmuch greater thanMP; and for Anabaena, PCP>IPU>lindane>MP. The results confirm that toxicants such as these pesticides may affect individual (though related) species to significantly different degrees. C1 USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mostafa, FIY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 63 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 14 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2002 VL 37 IS 5 BP 417 EP 444 DI 10.1081/PFC-120014873 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 595LA UT WOS:000178109600003 PM 12369760 ER PT J AU Rizzuti, AM Cohen, AD Hunt, PG Ellison, AQ AF Rizzuti, AM Cohen, AD Hunt, PG Ellison, AQ TI Retention of nitrogen and phosphorous from liquid swine and poultry manures using highly characterized peats SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE peat; swine; poultry; nitrogen; phosphorous ID AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; PHOSPHATE; REMOVAL; WATER; AMENDMENTS; ABILITY; LOSSES; SOILS AB This paper reports on research designed to test the hypothesis that differences in peat composition will cause, differences in amounts of N and P retained during contact with liquid swine manure (LSM) and liquid poultry manure (LPM). Peat types representing. a wide range of properties were tested in order to establish which chemical and physical properties might be most indicative of their capacities to, retain N and P from LSM and LPM. Eight-percent slurries (peat/LSM and peat/LPM) were measured for total nitrogen (TKN) and total phosphorous (TP) after 6, 24 and 96 hours. Tests were done to determine the TKN and TP contents of these peats, the LSM, and the LPM, both before and after they were mixed together. The N and P retention results revealed that most. peats worked reasonably well at retaining N and P from either LSM or LPM. However, some peats were more effective than others. These peats also decreased the N. and P levels in the liquid portion of the LSM. Peats with higher N retention capacities tended to have lower ash contents, but higher macroporosities and total cellulose contents. Peals with higher P retention capacities tended to have lower bulk densities, ash contents, total guaiacyl lignins contents, fulvic acids contents, but higher microporosities, macroporosities, H contents, and total cellulose contents. Peats with higher N and P retention capacities also had humic acid contents between 5-7%. The results of this study suggest that if these peats are used to reduce odors and N and P contamination, possible byproducts could be the production of odorless fertilizers. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Rizzuti, AM (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2002 VL 37 IS 6 BP 587 EP 611 DI 10.1081/PFC-120015441 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 607FN UT WOS:000178781600006 PM 12403268 ER PT J AU Shelby, RA Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA Evans, JJ AF Shelby, RA Klesius, PH Shoemaker, CA Evans, JJ TI Passive immunization of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), with anti-Streptococcus iniae whole sera SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE antibody response; immunization; Oreochromis niloticus; tilapia; Streptococcus iniae ID RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH; INTRAPERITONEAL; INFECTION; EFFICACY; VACCINE; ROUTES AB Passive immunization of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, was conducted to determine whether anti-Streptococcus iniae whole sera (ASI), heat inactivated anti-S. iniae whole sera (HIASI) and normal whole sera (NWS) were protective when intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected into tilapia. The ASI was produced in tilapia actively immunized (challenged) with virulent S. iniae by i.p. injection. An antibody response against S. iniae was demonstrated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and 18% of the immunized fish died because of the S. iniae infection. The actively immunized tilapia demonstrated a secondary antibody response and immunity to S iniae after challenge with S iniae by i.p. injection. Survival was 100% in the actively immunized fish. The NWS was obtained from tilapia free of ASI antibody and susceptible to S. iniae infection (40% mortality). In two separate experiments, significantly higher mortality was noted in tilapia passively immunized with NWS (33 and 53%) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (30 and 60%), in comparison with mortalities of 0 and 10% or 3.3 and 6.7% in the fish passively immunized with ASI or HIASI 14 days after S. iniae infection by i.p. injection (P = 0.0003 and 0.0023). Results suggest that immunity provided by ASI and HIASI was because of antibody against S. iniae. Inactivation of complement in the HIASI treatment further suggests that ASI antibody plays a primary role in immunity against S. iniae infection. C1 ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Labs, USDA, Auburn, AL USA. ARS, USDA, Chestertown, MD USA. RP Shelby, RA (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. NR 16 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2002.00327.x PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 518DW UT WOS:000173652200001 ER PT J AU Xu, DH Klesius, PH Shelby, RA AF Xu, DH Klesius, PH Shelby, RA TI Cutaneous antibodies in excised skin from channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, immune to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE cutaneous antibodies; Ichthyophthirius; immobilization; immunity; skin culture ID CYPRINUS-CARPIO L; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ACQUIRED-IMMUNITY; FISH; IMMUNIZATION; SERUM; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; LEUKOCYTES; RESPONSES AB This study determined whether cutaneous antibodies were present in the excised skin of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, immune to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet (Ich). Theronts were immobilized on or near the excised skin from immune fish. The survival of immobilized theronts was significantly reduced after exposure for 8 h to the culture of excised skin from immune fish. Culture fluids from excised skin of immune fish immobilized theronts with a peak in the immobilization titre at 24 h post-exposure. Immobility of theronts in the culture fluid from immune skin was removed after immunoabsorption with theronts. Indirect immunofluorescent staining of theronts treated with culture fluid from excised skin of immune fish revealed strong and uniform fluorescence on the cilia and cell surface of theronts. Western blot analysis of the culture fluid from immune fish revealed a 70-kDa band which corresponded to the molecular weight of catfish immunoglobulin heavy chain. The results of this study show that cutaneous antibodies to Ich theronts were present in and released from the excised skin from fish immune to Ich. Immobilization and killing of the theronts are two characteristics of the antibody response that appear to prevent the successful invasion of theronts into excised skin. C1 ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Xu, DH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. NR 34 TC 40 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2002.00339.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 518DW UT WOS:000173652200005 ER PT J AU Wachtel, MR Whitehand, LC Mandrell, RE AF Wachtel, MR Whitehand, LC Mandrell, RE TI Association of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 with preharvest leaf lettuce upon exposure to contaminated irrigation water SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; CHLORINE TREATMENT; BEEF-CATTLE; O157-H7; SURVIVAL; PREVALENCE; ATTACHMENT; VEGETABLES; VIABILITY; DIARRHEA AB Recent foodborne outbreak's have linked infection by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O157:147 to the consumption of contaminated lettuce. Contamination via food handler error and on-the-farm contamination are thought to be responsible for several outbreaks. Though recent studies have examined the application of EHEC to store-bought lettuce, little is known about the attachment of EHEC to growing plants. We investigated the association of lettuce seedlings with EHEC O157:H7 strains implicated in lettuce or fruit outbreaks using hydroponic and soil model systems. EHEC strains that express the green fluorescent protein were observed by stereomicroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy to determine adherence pattern on growing lettuce seedlings. Bacteria adhered preferentially to plant roots in both model systems and to seed coats in the hydroponic system. Two of five nonpathogenic E. coli strains showed decreased adherence to seedling roots in the hydroponic system. EHEC was associated with plants in as few as 3 days in soil, and contamination levels were dose-dependent. EHEC levels associated with young plants inoculated with a low dose Suggested that the bacteria had multiplied, These data suggest that preharvest crop contamination via contaminated irrigation water can occur through plant roots. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, PSI, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety & Hlth Serv, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Biometr Serv, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wachtel, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, PSI, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Bldg 002,Room 117,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wachtelm@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 116 Z9 120 U1 3 U2 18 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X EI 1944-9097 J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 BP 18 EP 25 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 511TP UT WOS:000173281900003 PM 11808792 ER PT J AU Calicioglu, M Kaspar, CW Buege, DR Luchansky, JB AF Calicioglu, M Kaspar, CW Buege, DR Luchansky, JB TI Effectiveness of spraying with tween 20 and lactic acid in decontaminating inoculated Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and indigenous Escherichia coli biotype I on beef SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Reciprocal Meat Conference of the American-Meat-Science-Association CY JUN 18-23, 2000 CL COLUMBUS, OHIO SP Amer Meat Sci Assoc ID ORGANIC-ACIDS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; ANIMAL CARCASSES; STORAGE; EFFICACY; SURFACES; MODEL; -20-DEGREES-C; CONTAMINATION AB Beef carcass quarters and fat-covered subprimal cuts were suspended vertically and inoculated with a bovine manure slurry, containing a five-strain mixture of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to deliver about 4 to 5 log(10) CFU/cm(2). To identify treatments that would improve the effectiveness of spraying with lactic acid (LA), the inoculated quarters and cuts were treated as follows: experiment A, (i) not treated (control), (ii) sprayed with 2% (vol/vol) LA, (iii) tempered at 21degreesC for 4 h. and (iv) tempered and then sprayed with LA; experiment B, (v) sprayed with water. (vi) sprayed with LA. (vii) sprayed with LA containing 0.5% (vol/vol) sodium benzoate (SB), and (viii) sprayed with LA containing SB and 5% (vol/vol) Tween 20 (TW20): and experiment C, (ix) sprayed with water (no prespray), (x) presprayed with TW20 and then sprayed with LA. and (xi) presprayed with T-W20 and then sprayed with LA containing SB, In experiment A, praying carcasses with LA significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the numbers of E. coli Biotype I and serotype O157:H7 after I and 3 days of storage. respectively. The tempering process employed did not affect the effectiveness of the LA spray on either type of E. coli, In experiment B. there was no significant difference in the reduction of E. coli O157:H7 on subprimal cut, sprayed with water and that on cut, sprayed with LA alone or with LA in combination with SB and TWA20 after I or 3 days of storage (total reductions ranged from about 1.6 to 2.8 log(10) CFU/cm(2)). In experiment C. prespraying subprimal Cuts with TW20 significantly (P < 0.05) increased the effectiveness of LA (reductions of 2.8 and 3.2 log(10) CFU/cm(2), respectively) and that of LA with SB (reductions of 2.6 and 3.3 log(10) CFU/cm(2), respectively) compared with spraying with, water alone (reductions of ca. 1.0 and 2.0 log(10) CFU/cm(2), respectively) after I and 3 days of storage, respectively. In a separate experiment, the incorporation of T-W20 (0.1 or 0.25%) into buffered peptone water prior to the maceration of excised carcass surface samples resulted in the recovery of significantly larger numbers (ca. 5.1 to 5.2 log(10) CFU/cm2) of E. coli O157:H7 cells than did the control treatment without added TW20 (ca. 3.8 to 4.6 log(10) CFT-T/cm(2)). These results demonstrate that the treatment of beef carcasses with LA reduces the number of viable E. coli O157:H7 cells and that this inactivation or removal by LA is enhanced by prespraying of the carcass with a 5% solution of TW20. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Food Res Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Meat Sci & Muscle Biol Lab, Dept Anim Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Microbiol & Toxicol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Luchansky, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM jluchansky@arserrc.gov NR 28 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 10 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 BP 26 EP 32 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 511TP UT WOS:000173281900004 PM 11808802 ER PT J AU Kang, DH Siragusa, GR AF Kang, DH Siragusa, GR TI Monitoring beef carcass surface microbial contamination with a luminescence-based bacterial phosphatase assay SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ATP BIOLUMINESCENCE; GROUND-BEEF; QUALITY AB A commercially available microbial phosphatase test Lit (Fast Contamination Indicator: FCI) was evaluated as a rapid method for estimating microbial contamination levels on beef carcass tissues. A set of actual beef carcass surface sample swabs (n = 70) was tested using the assay as a means to rapidly (10 min) monitor carcass swab sample microbial contamination. A regression equation was developed in experiment 1 and tested on an independent population. There Was, agreement between this assay and the conventional plating method for total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (r = 0.93). The predicted total mesophilic aerobic bacteria count generated from the fitted regression line (predicted log(10) CFU/cm(2) = 0.7505 x log(10) FCI microbial phosphatase test values + 0.6726) showed a high correlation with actual aerobic mesophilic total counts, (r = 0.88). The FCI test offers a simple and rapid method to estimate microbial contamination levels on beef carcasses. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Siragusa, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 BP 50 EP 52 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 511TP UT WOS:000173281900007 PM 11808806 ER PT J AU Guo, BZ Butron, A Li, H Widstrom, NW Lynch, RE AF Guo, BZ Butron, A Li, H Widstrom, NW Lynch, RE TI Restriction fragment length polymorphism assessment of the heterogeneous nature of maize population GT-MAS : gk and field evaluation of resistance to aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CORN GENOTYPES RESISTANT; ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES; HYBRID PERFORMANCE; GENETIC-VARIATION; KERNEL INFECTION; INBREDS; CONTAMINATION; ACCUMULATION; MARKERS; EAR AB Aflatoxin, produced by Aspergillus flavus, is one of the most toxic and carcinogenic substances known and contaminates many agricultural commodities such as corn, peanuts, cottonseed, and tree nuts, The challenge to breeders/plant pathologists is to identify lines that have resistance to aflatoxin production. Maize population GT-MAS:gk has been identified and released as a germplasm with resistance to aflatoxin contamination. In the present study, we assessed genetic divergence in the GT-MAS:gk Population using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) DNA markers to survey 11 selfed inbred lines and conducted field evaluations for the dissimilarities in aflatoxin production among these inbred lines in comparison with a sister population. GT-MAS;pw.nf, The 11 selfed inbred lines were assayed for DNA polymorphism using a 113 RFLP markers in 10 linkage groups covering 1,518.2 centimorgans (cM; unit of gene or chromosome size), Considerable variation among the inbreds was detected with RFLP markers, of which 42 probe-enzyme combinations gave 102 polymorphic bands. Cluster analysis based on genetic similarities revealed associations and variations among the tested lines. Three polymorphic groups were distinguished by cluster analysis. Two years of field evaluation data showed that aflatoxin concentrations among the lines were significantly different in both years (P < 0.001). Maturity data were also different. Thus, this study demonstrates that the maize population GT-MAS:gk is heterogeneous and that individuals may be different in resistance to A. flavus infection and aflatoxin production, Therefore, the most resistant lines should be inbred to increase homogeneity, and resistance should be confirmed through progeny testing. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Guo, BZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM bguo@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu NR 38 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 BP 167 EP 171 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 511TP UT WOS:000173281900025 PM 11808789 ER PT J AU Chardonnet, CO Sams, CE Conway, WS Draughon, FA Mount, JR AF Chardonnet, CO Sams, CE Conway, WS Draughon, FA Mount, JR TI Osmotic dehydration of apple slices with CaCl2 and sucrose limits decay caused by Penicillium expansum, Colletotrichum acutatum, and Botrytis cinerea and does not promote Listeria monocytogenes or total aerobic population growth SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID GLOMERELLA-CINGULATA; CALCIUM; INFILTRATION; CHLORIDE; SURVIVAL; QUALITY; FRUIT AB The interaction of Penicillium expansum Link, Colletotrichum acutatum, and Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. with Listeria monocytogenes on osmotically dehydrated apple slices was evaluated. In mineral analyses of the slices, the calcium content of the peel and flesh tissues increased by 4- and 11-fold, respectively, when processed in 2% CaCl2. These slices also exhibited less decay by P. expansum, C. acutatum, and B. cinerea. Inoculation of slices with P. expansum resulted in a decrease in the pH of the flesh tissue at the infection site, while the pHs of slices infected with C. acutatum and B. cinerea increased and remained stable, respectively. Total mold population increased in wounds inoculated with P. expansum or C. acutatum. The presence of L. monocytogenes in the wounds did not significantly affect mold growth, The association of P. expansum and L. monocytogenes on apple slices resulted in a decrease in the bacterial population, whereas L. monocytogenes survived when slices were inoculated with C. acutatum. When associated with B. cinerea, there was a fourfold decrease in the L. monocytogenes population when slices were treated with 2% CaCl2. The total aerobic population was not significantly affected by the type of microorganism added to the wounds or by the osmotic treatment. These data show that osmotic dehydration with 2% CaCl2 combined with 20% sucrose limits decay of apple slices and does not promote bacterial or total aerobic population growth. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. RP Sams, CE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 BP 172 EP 177 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 511TP UT WOS:000173281900026 PM 11808790 ER PT J AU Fasina, O Fleming, H Thompson, R AF Fasina, O Fleming, H Thompson, R TI Mass transfer and solute diffusion in brined cucumbers SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fermentation; diffusion; solute; cucumber; modeling AB The exchange of malic acid, lactic acid, NaCl, and sugar between cucumber and cover brine was monitored over a course of 16 days for 5 sizes of cucumbers. Experimental results showed that sugar exchange between cucumbers and cover brine was the slowest. In comparison to Ficks diffusion equation, the exponential equation better described the movement of solutes during the brine fermentation of cucumbers. Diffusion coefficient of sugar was estimated to vary from 1.80 x 10-9 to 9.18 x 10-9 m2/s. Solute sorption rate from the exponential model varied from 0.0204 to 0.233 h-1 and decreased with increase in cucumber size and solute molecular weight. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Fleming, H (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 67 IS 1 BP 181 EP 187 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb11380.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 522JP UT WOS:000173893100032 ER PT J AU Schilling, MW Claus, JR Marriott, NG Solomon, MB Eigel, WN Wang, H AF Schilling, MW Claus, JR Marriott, NG Solomon, MB Eigel, WN Wang, H TI No effect of hydrodynamic shock wave on protein functionality of beef muscle SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamic shock wave; protein functionality ID PRESSURE-INDUCED SOLUBILIZATION; COMMINUTED MEAT AB The protein functionality of meat proteins after treatment with hydrodynamic shock wave was determined. Frankfurters (cooked to 71degreesC) were evaluated for cooking yield, CIE L*a*b*, nitrosylhemochrome, Texture Profile Analysis (hardness, cohesiveness), and stress and strain (torsion testing). Compared to the control samples, the hydrodynamic shock waves (HSW) did not affect (P > 0.05) myofibrillar or sarcoplasmic protein solubility, cooking yield, or color. Textural properties and gel strength of the frankfurters were not affected (P > 0.05) by HSW. These results suggested that beef trim obtained from HSW-processed meat could be used interchangeably with normal meat trim in the production of further processed meats since the functionality of meat protein was not affected significantly by the HSW process. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Meat Sci & Muscle Biol Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. ARS, USDA, Meat Sci Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Claus, JR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Meat Sci & Muscle Biol Lab, 1805 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 67 IS 1 BP 335 EP 340 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb11406.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 522JP UT WOS:000173893100058 ER PT J AU Konstance, RP Strange, ED Onwulata, CI AF Konstance, RP Strange, ED Onwulata, CI TI Processing properties of extruded corn-soy blends SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE corn-soy blend; extrusion; drying; storage AB Extruded corn-soy blend (CSB), is a nutritious, fully cooked product that rehydrates at room temperature. CSB, at 10, 13, and 19% moisture was extruded at 115degreesC and dried at 45,65, and 85degreesC. The porosity of the lower moisture samples was higher and dried more rapidly at all temperatures. These samples also exhibited a lower breaking strength that could facilitate grinding and color that approximated that of the standard CSB. Most of the chemically available lysine was retained during processing. There were no differences among the peroxide values (PV) of the extruded and dried products. Extruding at low moisture content, the extrudate can be dried rapidly and provide better storage stability. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Konstance, RP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 6 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 67 IS 1 BP 347 EP 350 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb11408.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 522JP UT WOS:000173893100060 ER PT J AU Chamberlain, JL Bush, RJ Hammett, AL Araman, PA AF Chamberlain, JL Bush, RJ Hammett, AL Araman, PA TI Eastern national forests - Managing for nontimber products SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE forest products; industry; national forests; policy AB Many products are harvested from the forests of the eastern United States that are not timber-based but originate from plant materials. Over the past decade, concern has grown about the sustainability of the forest resources from which these products originate, and an associated interest in managing for these products has materialized. A content analysis of the management plans of 32 eastern national forests revealed that seven of the plans addressed nontimber forest products (NTFP). We used interviews with USDA Forest Service district- and forest-level managers to convey their ideas about NTFP management and to identify critical issues that affect efforts to manage for these products. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Res Program, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Grad Program, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Wood Sci & Forest Prod, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Chamberlain, JL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 1650 Ramble Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 100 IS 1 BP 8 EP 14 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 513ED UT WOS:000173364200007 ER PT J AU Winter, GJ Vogt, C Fried, JS AF Winter, GJ Vogt, C Fried, JS TI Fuel treatments at the wildland-urban interface - Common concerns in diverse regions SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE fire; public relations; social science ID MANAGEMENT AB Forest fuels reduction has the best chance of success if managers understand the factors that influence public acceptance of fuel management. This article reports an analysis of focus group interviews with wildland-urban interface residents at sites selected to provide variation in fire regime, fire history, land-use and ownership patterns, and socioeconomic profile. Analyzed within a framework developed from the human dimensions and social psychology literature, the focus group data reveal four common factors that affect the acceptance of three fuel management strategies (prescribed fire, mechanical treatment, and defensible space requirements): beliefs about the outcomes of fuel management, personal importance of fuel management, situational specificity, and agency trust. C1 Paul Schissler Associates, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Pk Recreat & Tourism Resources, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forest Inventory & Anal Program, Portland, OR USA. RP Winter, GJ (reprint author), Paul Schissler Associates, 1101 Harris Ave, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. NR 20 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 10 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 100 IS 1 BP 15 EP 21 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 513ED UT WOS:000173364200008 ER PT J AU Janik, P AF Janik, P TI Sustainable development and the forest service SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Janik, P (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 1601 N Kent St, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 100 IS 1 BP 52 EP 52 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 513ED UT WOS:000173364200016 ER PT J AU Stapanian, MA Bur, MT Tyson, JT Seamans, TW Blackwell, BF AF Stapanian, MA Bur, MT Tyson, JT Seamans, TW Blackwell, BF TI Foraging locations of double-crested cormorants on western Lake Erie: Site characteristics and spatial associations with prey fish densities SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th Annual Conference of the International-Association-for-Great-Lakes-Research (IAGLR 2001) CY JUN 12, 2001 CL LAURENTIAN, CANADA SP Int Assoc Great Lakes Res ID SHAGS PHALACROCORAX-ARISTOTELIS; MULTIVARIATE SKEWNESS; DIVING PATTERNS; GREAT-LAKES; SEABIRDS; AURITUS; PRODUCTIVITY; PERFORMANCE; POPULATION; KURTOSIS AB Radio-tagged double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) nesting on Middle Island, Ontario and unmarked cormorants in the western basin of Lake Erie were monitored in 1999. Radio-tagged cormorants were located by aircraft and by boat along regular survey routes. In addition, foraging flocks of radio-tagged and unmarked cormorants were located during the boat surveys. Approximately 79% of foraging radio-tagged individuals, and approximately 65% of all foraging flocks it,ere observed within 2.5 kin of shore. these percentages were greater than expected, based on the percentage of the area of water within 2.5 km of shore. All size classes of flocks examined were found more frequently than expected on water:5 10 in deep. Trawling data collected annually from 1988 to 1999 during the month of August were used to determine the historical distributions of the four fish species found to comprise the majority, of the diet of cormorants in the area. August corresponded to a period when there is maximal overlap in the diets of cormorants and walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) in the area and when the number of foraging cormorants in the area is large. Flocks of cormorants of all size classes examined were not found proportionately more in regions that contained higher than the historical median annual catches of any of the four prey species. These results, coupled with previous bioenergetics studies, suggest that the impact of cormorants on the fishery, of the western basin of Lake Erie is localized with respect to depth and distance from shore. C1 US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. Ohio Div Wildlife, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. USDA, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Stapanian, MA (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 54 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 2 BP 155 EP 171 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 566JN UT WOS:000176424300005 ER PT J AU Woeste, K Burns, R Rhodes, O Michler, C AF Woeste, K Burns, R Rhodes, O Michler, C TI Thirty polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci from black walnut SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; JUGLANS-REGIA AB Black walnut (Juglans nigra L) is a large tree, native to the eastern United States, that is prized for its high-quality timber and edible nut. Thirty (GA/CT)n nuclear microsatellite markers were identified from black walnut for use in population genetic studies, genome mapping, DNA genotyping of important clones, studies of gene flow, and tree breeding. The markers were polymorphic based on a diversity panel of 10 black walnut individuals from eight Midwestern U.S. states. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv,Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, N Cent Res Stn,Hardwood Tree Improvment & Regener, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Woeste, K (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv,Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, N Cent Res Stn,Hardwood Tree Improvment & Regener, 1159 Forestry Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 18 TC 60 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 93 IS 1 BP 58 EP 60 DI 10.1093/jhered/93.1.58 PG 3 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 552NW UT WOS:000175627300012 PM 12011179 ER PT J AU Aung, LH Ramming, DW Tarailo, R AF Aung, LH Ramming, DW Tarailo, R TI Changes in moisture, dry matter and soluble sugars of dry-on-the-vine raisins with special reference to sorbitol SO JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EMBRYO CULTURE; GRAPE BERRIES; APPLE AB The moisture, dry matter and soluble sugar composition of Vitis vinifera L. advanced selections of dry-on-the-vine raisins were determined over several seasons. Moisture loss from post-veraison berries occurred in a graduated stepwise manner, with a rapid decline from an initial 86 +/- 2% to 60 +/- 5% 108 d from first bloom, a slower loss and a final accelerated loss to 25 +/- 4% after 151 days from first flowering. The pattern of dry-matter accumulation was similar in large, medium, or small berries but dry matter was higher in large (0.65 +/- 0.04 g dry wt. per berry) than medium (0.52 +/- 0.03 g dry wt. per berry) or small (0.36 +/- 0.03 g dry wt. per berry raisin). Incipient browning was seen with raisin formation at the distal berry region with a higher sugar concentration than in the proximal (pedicel) region. Sucrose in the raisins exhibited two maxima, one (1.4 +/- 0.2 mg cl fresh wt.) 96 d from first bloom, and a second (2.4 +/- 0.4 mg g(-1) fresh wt) 123 d after first bloom, with each maximum occurring before the rise in glucose, fructose, and sorbitol, and decreasing as these sugars increased. Sorbitol was not detected initially in mature berries, but increased in raisins. It was proposed that sorbitol or its biosynthetic enzyme might be useful for determining raisin harvest. Raffinose and sucrose contents of the peduncle were higher than raisins and may indicate a role of these sugars in the physiology of the peduncle. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. RP Aung, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 2021 S Peach Ave, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU HEADLEY BROTHERS LTD PI ASHFORD PA INVICTA PRESS, ASHFORD TN24 8HH, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0022-1589 J9 J HORTIC SCI BIOTECH JI J. Horticult. Sci. Biotechnol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 77 IS 1 BP 100 EP 105 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 518JQ UT WOS:000173664900018 ER PT J AU Garbrecht, JD Rossel, FE AF Garbrecht, JD Rossel, FE TI Decade-scale precipitation increase in Great Plains at end of 20th century SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE climatic changes; precipitation; United States; water resources; water supply ID CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; EL-NINO; NORTH PACIFIC; IMPACTS; VARIABILITY; OSCILLATION; FORECASTS AB During the 1980-1999 period, many regions in the central and southern Great Plains experienced the longest and strongest increase in average annual precipitation of the century. The size of the increase ranged from 6 to 12% of mean annual precipitation and from 25 to 60% of interannual precipitation variability. Precipitation increased for dry, average, and wet years, though not equally for each category. Generally, precipitation in very wet years increased less than in average and dry years. The probability of occurrence of dry years was greatly reduced compared to earlier in the century, whereas the probability of average years remained about the same and the probability of wet years increased. The observed decade-scale precipitation increase is attributed to a reduction in the number and severity of dry years, as well as to an increase in the number of wet years, though very wet years did not increase as much. The seasonal distribution of the increase in precipitation showed no statistically significant prevalence during any one particular month, yet qualitative considerations suggest that early summer and autumn months capture more of the annual precipitation increase. In the northern and northwestern Great Plains, a similar precipitation increase, but of smaller proportions, was observed during the 1990-1999 period. C1 ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, USDA, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Garbrecht, JD (reprint author), ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, USDA, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 28 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 7 IS 1 BP 64 EP 75 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2002)7:1(64) PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 512DL UT WOS:000173305800008 ER PT J AU Crafts-Brandner, SJ AF Crafts-Brandner, SJ TI Plant nitrogen status rapidly alters amino acid metabolism and excretion in Bemisia tabaci SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nitrogen metabolism; homoptera; phloem sap; cotton; amino acids ID AFRICAN FRUIT BEETLE; ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; SUCROSE CONCENTRATION; PACHNODA-SINUATA; PHLOEM SAP; ALEYRODIDAE; CARBOHYDRATE; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; PROTEINS AB The effect of plant nitrogen (N) status on the content and distribution of free amino acids in the bodies and honeydew of silverleaf whiteflies Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Biotype B (= B. argentifolii Bellows and Perring) was determined. Whiteflies fed for 4 days on cotton leaves that received high or low N fertility. For low-N plants, photosynthesis and leaf total N levels were decreased, and a much-reduced amount of free amino acids was recovered in phloem sap. Low N fertility did not affect whitefly total N content, but did markedly decrease the free amino acid content. Glutamine, alanine and proline accounted for over half of the insect free amino acid pool for both N treatments. On a relative basis, adjustments in glutamine levels in response to plant N status were much larger compared to the other amino acids. Large amounts of amino N, especially asparagine, were excreted from whiteflies fed on high-N plants whereas amino N excretion essentially ceased for whiteflies fed on low N plants. The distribution of amino acids in the insects and honeydew was not closely related to the phloem sap amino acids. However, total amino acid excretion was quite indicative of the plant N status and the quality of the insect diet. The results indicated that whitefly free amino acid pools and excretion of amino N were rapidly altered by plant N status. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Crafts-Brandner, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 48 IS 1 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1016/S0022-1910(01)00140-8 PG 9 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 521KC UT WOS:000173838300004 ER PT J AU Gelman, DB Blackburn, MB Hu, JS AF Gelman, DB Blackburn, MB Hu, JS TI Timing and ecdysteroid regulation of the molt in last instar greenhouse whiteflies (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE greenhouse whitefly; staging system; developmental markers; ecdysteroids; molting; metamorphosis; morphology ID BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; TABACI HOMOPTERA; ENCARSIA-FORMOSA; APIS-MELLIFERA; HONEY BEE; ALEYRODIDAE; RESISTANCE; HOST; HYMENOPTERA AB A system of markers has been devised to track the development of 3rd and 4th instar/pharate adult greenhouse whiteflies. Instars were identified bused on measurements of body width and body length. Depending upon the host plant, the product of the two measurements was exceptionally useful in distinguishing between instars. Body depth was used to divide the 3rd instar into eight stages and body depth and color and appearance of the developing adult eye were used to divide the 4th instar/pharate adult into nine stages. Under conditions of L:D 16:8 and a temperature of 26+/-2degreesC, the body depth of 3rd instars reared on greenbean increased from 0.025 (stage 1) to 0.2 mm (stage 8) and the instar duration was approximately 3 days. The body depth of 4th instars increased from approximately 0.1+/-0.02 (Stage 1) to 0.3+/-0.03 mm (Stage 5) and then remained constant or decreased slightly during adult development. Ecdysteroid titers peaked at approximately 120 fg/mug protein during Stages 3 through 6 of the 4th instar. Based on an external examination of developing 4th instars and the fluctuations in ecdysteroid titer, it appears that adult development is initiated in Stage 4 or 5 4th instars. Results from histological studies support this view. In Stage 4 nymphs, a subtle change was observed in the corneagenous cells of the eye. However, most Stage 4 4th instars possessed wing development characteristic of earlier, immature stages. In all Stage 5 insects, wing development had been initiated and the corneagenous cells had become quite distinct. In Stage 6 whiteflies, the wing buds were deeply folded and by Stage 7, spines were observed on the new cuticle, indicating that the adult cuticle was well-formed by this stage. Our study is the first to investigate the tinting and regulation of the molt, to monitor ecdysteroid titers in precisely staged 4th instar whiteflies and to examine the internal anatomical changes associated with metamorphosis in these tiny homopteran insects. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Plant Sci Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gelman, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Plant Sci Inst, Rm 323,Bldg 306,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 48 IS 1 BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1016/S0022-1910(01)00146-9 PG 11 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 521KC UT WOS:000173838300007 ER PT J AU Tamez-Guerra, P McGuire, MR Behle, RW Shasha, BS Pingel, RL AF Tamez-Guerra, P McGuire, MR Behle, RW Shasha, BS Pingel, RL TI Storage stability of Anagrapha falcifera nucleopolyhedrovirus in spray-dried formulations SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anagrapha falcifera nucleopolyhedrovirus; baculovirus; bioinsecticide; shelf-life; spray dry; formulation; lignin; corn flour; microencapsulation ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; LEPIDOPTERA; PROTECTANTS; NOCTUIDAE; SUCROSE; PESTS AB A multiply embedded nucleopolyhedrovirus isolated from Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby) (AfMNPV) can lose insecticidal activity during months of dry storage in ambient room conditions. We tested the spray-dried AfMNPV formulations after storage for up to 1 year at room temperatures for insecticidal activity against neonate Trichoplusia ni (Hubner). Experimental formulations were made using combinations of corn flours, lignin, and sucrose, and were selected based on previous work which demonstrated that these formulations resisted solar degradation in field experiments. Twelve experimental formulations (organized in three groups of four formulations) compared the effect of (1) the ratio of formulation ingredients (lignin and corn flour) to virus concentration, (2) different sources of lignin, or (3) different corn flours and sugar. Based on a single-dose plant assay with these 12 formulations, none of the formulations lost significant activity due to the drying process, when compared with the unformulated wet AfMNPV. Samples of the 12 dried formulations were stored at room (22 +/- 3 degreesC) and refrigerated (4 degreesC) temperatures. Insecticidal activity (LC50) was determined with a dosage-response assay for neonates fed on treated cotton-leaf disks. After 6 (or 9) and 12 months storage, refrigerated samples maintained insecticidal activity better than corresponding samples stored at room temperatures with LC(50)s that averaged 2.0 x 10(6) polyhedral inclusion bodies per milliliter (pibs/ml) for refrigerated samples and 5.4 x 10(6) pibs/ml for samples stored at room temperatures. Compared with unformulated stock virus stored frozen, six formulations stored at room temperature and 10 formulations stored in the refrigerator did not lose significant insecticidal activity after 1 year based on overlapping 90% confidence intervals. Changing the ratio of virus to formulation ingredients did not provide a clear trend over the range of concentrations tested, and may be less important for shelf-life of virus activity compared with formulations made with different ingredients. Two of the four formulations made with different lignins were about 15 times less active after 1 year at room temperature compared with refrigerated samples, indicating that specific formulation ingredients can affect storage stability. Formulations that contained sugar generally maintained activity during storage better than formulations without sugar. Unformulated virus stock maintained insecticidal activity (ranged from 0.20 to 2.5 x 10(6) pibs/ml) better during storage than dried formulations with LC(50)s that ranged from 0.39 to 27 x 10(6) pibs/ml. Unformulated virus stock, which is essentially a suspension of virus occlusion bodies in homogenized insect cadavers, did not lose activity when stored at refrigerated or room temperature. We believe that stability of AfMNPV insecticidal activity during storage as dry formulations is related to the general composition of the formulation and that sugar may play a critical role in maintaining insecticidal activity. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. UANL, Fac Ciencias Biol, Dep Microbiol & Inmunol, San Nicolas De Los Garza 66451, NL, Mexico. Western Integrated Cropping Syst Res Unit, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn 2200, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Behle, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 79 IS 1 BP 7 EP 16 AR PII S0022-2011(02)00005-8 DI 10.1016/S0022-2011(02)00005-8 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 585TZ UT WOS:000177541800002 PM 12054782 ER PT J AU More, TA AF More, TA TI "The parks are being loved to death" and other frauds and deceits in recreation management SO JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE interests; epistemology; recreation policy ID USER FEES; IMPACT AB Many common concepts in recreation and leisure research originate from the "interests" of four groups: users, legislators, managing agencies, and researchers. These interests, and their tics to social class, make frequently discussed concepts like overuse, business-like management for public agencies, benefits/values, and sustainability ontologically suspect. A functionalist approach is advocated as an alternative. Researchers need to be aware of the "political" context of research concepts to avoid pitfalls in their application. C1 USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. RP More, TA (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, 705 Spear St, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. NR 69 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RECREATION PARK ASSN PI ARLINGTON PA 2775 S. QUINCY STREET SUITE 300, ARLINGTON, VA 22206-2204 USA SN 0022-2216 J9 J LEISURE RES JI J. Leis. Res. PY 2002 VL 34 IS 1 BP 52 EP 78 PG 27 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 550UK UT WOS:000175521800004 ER PT J AU More, TA AF More, TA TI The marginal user as the justification for public recreation: A rejoinder to Crompton, Driver and Dustin SO JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID LEISURE C1 USDA Forest Serv, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP More, TA (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, POB 968, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL RECREATION PARK ASSN PI ARLINGTON PA 2775 S. QUINCY STREET SUITE 300, ARLINGTON, VA 22206-2204 USA SN 0022-2216 J9 J LEISURE RES JI J. Leis. Res. PY 2002 VL 34 IS 1 BP 103 EP 118 PG 16 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 550UK UT WOS:000175521800008 ER PT J AU Williams, DR AF Williams, DR TI Leisure identities, globalization, and the politics of place SO JOURNAL OF LEISURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE place; politics; identity; Western US; modernity; globalization; place-identity ID MIGRATION; SELF AB As a particularly modern modality for making and resisting claims about the use and meaning of places leisure has a prominent role in the politics of place. This is particularly evident in land use politics in the western U.S., which serves as a launching point for examining the ways in which leisure makes competing claims on a place. Within leisure studies initial interest in place ideas focused on leisure places as sources of identification and affiliation that lend meaning and purpose to life. More recently the field has witnessed a growing appreciation for how leisure places create and structure social differences and the potential for leisure to be used to assert power and authority over place. Both the intensified politics of place and the primacy of leisure as a venue for self identity have their origins in modernity and globalization. These social forces not only destabilize and uproot place meanings, they generate the modern project of constructing an individual identity. As vehicles for making and affirming modern identities, leisure and tourism, in turn, give rise to greater competition for the meaning of places. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Williams, DR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, 2150A Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RI Williams, Daniel/D-8114-2011 OI Williams, Daniel/0000-0003-2428-0345 NR 47 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 10 PU NATL RECREATION PARK ASSN PI ARLINGTON PA 2775 S. QUINCY STREET SUITE 300, ARLINGTON, VA 22206-2204 USA SN 0022-2216 J9 J LEISURE RES JI J. Leis. Res. PY 2002 VL 34 IS 4 BP 351 EP 367 PG 17 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 650AD UT WOS:000181239400001 ER PT J AU Neff, WE Byrdwell, WC Steidley, KR List, GR Snowder, G AF Neff, WE Byrdwell, WC Steidley, KR List, GR Snowder, G TI Triacylglycerol structure of animal tallows, potential food formulation fats, by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article ID CANOLA OIL TRIACYLGLYCEROLS; FLAME IONIZATION DETECTION; MARGARINE BASE-STOCKS; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; INTERESTERIFICATION; TRIGLYCERIDES; BLENDS AB Triacylglycerol (TAG) compositions, as mole percent, were obtained by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) of lard and mutton tallow fractions under consideration for food formulation products. Accurate identification and quantitation of these TAG compositions were obtained and proved by comparison of the fatty acid composition calculated from the TAG composition which was obtained by APCI-MS with the fatty acid composition, and converted to mole percent as obtained by gas chromatography of the methyl esters of the transmethylated oils. Average absolute errors with respect to TAG quantitation and identification were less than one percent. Our study identified and quantitated the TAG equal to and greater than 0.1% concentration. Concentration of TAG with various fatty unsaturated (U) and saturated (S) fatty acids with TAG, designated as these species UUU, UUS, USS, and SSS, can be determined accurately from RP-HPLC/APCI-MS of the actual TAG species. These TAG species UUU, UUS, USS, and SSS affect the physical properties of food formulation fats. C1 USDA, Natl Agr Res Ctr, ARS, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. USDA, Sheep Expt Stat, ARS, Dubois, ID 83432 USA. RP Neff, WE (reprint author), USDA, Natl Agr Res Ctr, ARS, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. OI Byrdwell, William/0000-0001-8241-428X NR 33 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1082-6076 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. PY 2002 VL 25 IS 6 BP 985 EP 998 DI 10.1081/JLC-120003275 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 558GP UT WOS:000175958200013 ER PT J AU Carroll, JF AF Carroll, JF TI A survey for nymphs of host-seeking Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari : Ixodidae) on tree trunks in deciduous forests SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ixodes scapularis; blacklegged tick; Amblyomma americanum; lone star tick; host-seeking; Lyme disease ID BLACKLEGGED TICK ACARI; DAMMINI ACARI; LYME-DISEASE; LARVAL; CONNECTICUT; DISPERSAL; AIR AB Trunks of 83 trees in a mixed deciduous forests in Maryland were sampled for the presence of nymphs of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, and the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.). Although one or more nymphs of either I. scapularis or A. americanum was found in leaf litter and substrate less than or equal to1 m from the bases of 47% of the trees sampled, a total of 6 I. scapularis nymphs was found on the trunks of only five trees. No nymphs were found on the trunks of 12 dead trees. No A. americanum, nymphs were found on any tree trunks. The trunks were sampled to 2.5 m above the soil, but the nymphs were found less than or equal to1 m from the ground. More than 50% of I. scapularis nymphs found in the leaf litter less than or equal to1 m from bases of living trees were north of the trees sampled, whereas few I. scapularis were found west of trees. These findings suggest that the I. scapularis nymphs' presence on tree trunks is of little ecological consequence, unless nymphs were being removed from tree trunks by acquiring hosts at such a rapid rate that nymphal numbers on trunks could not accrue. C1 USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Carroll, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol & Epidemiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 39 IS 1 BP 237 EP 240 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-39.1.237 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 600BW UT WOS:000178371600037 PM 11931264 ER PT J AU Kraszewski, AW Trabelsi, S Nelson, SO AF Kraszewski, A. W. Trabelsi, S. Nelson, S. O. TI BROADBAND MICROWAVE WHEAT PERMITTIVITY MEASUREMENTS IN FREE SPACE SO JOURNAL OF MICROWAVE POWER AND ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Permittivity; Dielectric properties; Wheat; Dielectric constant; Dielectric loss factor. Measurements AB Use of broadband horn/lens antennas with a collimated beam in a free-space measurement set-up with a network analyzer operating between 3 and 13 GHz and applying time-domain gating improved the accuracy of permittivity (dielectric properties) measurements on grain. Measurements were taken in the transmission mode on samples from five different classes of wheat over ranges of moisture content, temperature, and bulk density. Dielectric properties were divided by bulk density of the grain for comparison of different wheat lots. No differences in permittivity data were noted among the different wheat classes, so data were combined for presentation. The new data agree well with those reported previously. For further research, to provide dielectric properties over a very broad frequency range for a given grain sample, use of time-domain spectroscopy is suggested. C1 [Kraszewski, A. W.; Trabelsi, S.; Nelson, S. O.] ARS, Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Kraszewski, AW (reprint author), ARS, Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU INT MICROWAVE POWER INST PI MECHANICSVILLE PA PO BOX 1140, MECHANICSVILLE, VA 23111 USA SN 0832-7823 J9 J MICROWAVE POWER EE JI J. Microw. Power Electromagn. Energy PY 2002 VL 37 IS 1 BP 40 EP 53 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA V40NT UT WOS:000209486000003 ER PT J AU Reeves, JB Van Kessel, JAS AF Reeves, JB Van Kessel, JAS TI Spectroscopic analysis of dried manures. Near-versus mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for the analysis of dried dairy manures SO JOURNAL OF NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE ash; dairy; fibre; FT-IR; manure; mid-infrared; minerals; near infrared; NIR ID CALIBRATIONS; SPECTRA AB The objective was to examine and compare the ability of near- and mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to determine the composition of dried dairy manures. Samples (n = 99) were dried at 60degreesC, ground and scanned in the near-infrared in a rotating sample cup on a Foss-NIRSystems model 6500 scanning monochromator, and in the mid-infrared on a Digilab FTS60 Fourier transform spectrometer using a custom-made sample transport device. While near-infrared calibrations for various measures of fibre composition (neutral detergent fibre etc.) were found to be possible, the results were generally less accurate than found for similar determinations in forages. Results based on mid-infrared spectra were sometimes better, and sometimes worse then near-infrared results, but again were not as accurate as found with forages. Overall, a clear advantage was not demonstrated for either region. Examination of the composition of the dried manures indicated that high ash contents (8-52% of dry matter) might be the cause for the decrease in calibration accuracy. However, a comparison of calibrations based on dry matter to those based on an ash-free basis showed no clear advantage for either means of computation. Accurate determination of minerals such as K or P was not possible using either spectral range (calibrations for K may be useful for gross segregation). In conclusion, while near- and mid-infrared calibrations appear feasible for determining the composition of dried dairy manures, better reference methods appear to be needed. C1 ARS, AMBL, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, AWPL, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), ARS, AMBL, USDA, Bldg 306,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU N I R PUBLICATIONS PI CHICHESTER PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER PO18 0HY, WEST SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0967-0335 J9 J NEAR INFRARED SPEC JI J. Near Infrared Spectrosc. PY 2002 VL 10 IS 2 BP 93 EP 101 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 575LV UT WOS:000176948500001 ER PT J AU Sofic, E Rustembegovic, A Kroyer, G Cao, G AF Sofic, E Rustembegovic, A Kroyer, G Cao, G TI Serum antioxidant capacity in neurological, psychiatric, renal diseases and cardiomyopathy SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION LA English DT Article DE oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC); serum antioxidant capacity; Alzheimer's disease; Parkinson's disease; depression; schizophrenia; anorexia nervosa; Aids-encephalopathy; diabetic polyneuropathy; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; cardiomyopathy; renal diseases ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; PEROXIDATION; DEMENTIA; BRAINS; ASSAY AB The role of free radicals (FR) in the pathogenesis and in the progression of many diseases has been often discussed, but not widely investigated. However, the total antioxidant capacity in the serum seems to be of great evidence. Total antioxidant capacity was determined using oxygen absorbance capacity assay (ORAC) in serum of patients suffering from depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), anorexia nervosa, Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Aids-encephalopathy, diabetic polyneuropathy (PNP), cardiomyopathy (CM), renal disease, and healthy individuals as controls (C). The results showed that the total antioxidant capacity in serum decreased significantly (p < 0.01) by 24, 20, 13, and 17% for anorexia nervosa, Aids-encephalopathy, PNP and CM respectively. In serum of patients with renal disease significantly elevated antioxidant capacity was found. The data indicated that increased oxidative stress can be involved in the pathogenesis or in the progression of PNP and CM. Decrease of serum antioxidant capacity in patients with anorexia nervosa and Aids-encephalopathy are probably due primarily to malnutrition and secondly to insufficient antioxidant and immune system. In renal disease, the accumulation of urea in serum seems to be responsible for high antioxidant capacity. In contrast, there were no changes in PD, AD, depression syndrome and schizophrenia. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Neurosci & Phytochem Labs, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol & Cellular Toxicol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Anton Proksch Inst, Dept Alcohol & Drug Dependence, Vienna, Austria. Tech Univ Vienna, Dept Food Chem & Technol, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. RP Sofic, E (reprint author), Alser Str 34-12, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. NR 34 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0300-9564 J9 J NEURAL TRANSM JI J. Neural Transm. PY 2002 VL 109 IS 5-6 SI SI BP 711 EP 719 DI 10.1007/s007020200059 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 561MZ UT WOS:000176145900016 PM 12111462 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Muniz, FJ Merinero, MC Rodriguez-Gil, S Ordovas, JM Rodenas, S Cuesta, C AF Sanchez-Muniz, FJ Merinero, MC Rodriguez-Gil, S Ordovas, JM Rodenas, S Cuesta, C TI Dietary fat saturation affects apolipoprotein all levels and HDL composition in postmenopausal women SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein Al and All; HDL composition; high oleic acid sunflower oil; palmolein; postmenopausal women ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; A-I; SERUM-LIPOPROTEINS; SUNFLOWER OIL; CHOLESTEROL; RISK; LIPIDS; EXPRESSION; METABOLISM AB Increased HDL-cholesterol levels have been associated with lower coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. However, HDL are heterogeneous lipoproteins, and particles enriched in apolipoprotein (Apo) All have been associated with increased CHD risk. We examined the effect of dietary intervention on HDL composition in 14 postmenopausal women subjected to two consecutive diet periods, i.e., an oleic acid sunflower oil diet followed by a palmolein diet, each lasting 4 wk. The linoleic acid was kept at 4% total energy and the cholesterol intake at 400 mg/d. The palmolein diet increased serum total cholesterol (TC) (P < 0.001), phospholipids (P < 0.001), Apo All (P < 0.001), HDL cholesterol (P < 0.05), HDL lipids (P < 0.05), HDL proteins (P < 0.01) and the HDL total mass (P < 0.05). The HDL cholesterol/Apo Al ratio was increased 22.0% (P < 0.05), whereas the HDL cholesterol/Apo All and the Apo Al/Apo All ratios were decreased 19.4% (P < 0.01) and 30.4%, (P < 0.001), respectively. When the effects of the dietary intervention were examined according to the cholesterolemia status (< or >6.2 mmol/L), the most significant changes (P < 0.001) were related to Apo All levels. Moreover, a significant dietary oil by cholesterol level interaction was found for Apo All and the HDL cholesterol/Apo All ratio. In summary, a palmolein diet increased TC and HDL cholesterol compared with oleic acid sunflower oil diet; however, the increase in Apo All but not in Apo Al suggests the impairment of reverse cholesterol transport and potentially an increase in CHD risk. This effect was more marked in women with serum TC > 6.2 mmol/L. C1 Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Farm, Dept Nutr, Madrid, Spain. Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Farm, Secc Dept Quim Analit, Madrid, Spain. Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Farm, Inst Nutr & Bromatol, CSIC UCM, Madrid, Spain. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Sanchez-Muniz, FJ (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Farm, Dept Nutr, Madrid, Spain. RI Sanchez-Muniz, Francisco/K-9795-2014; OI Sanchez-Muniz, Francisco/0000-0002-2660-5126; Rodenas de la Rocha, Sofia/0000-0002-8050-7025; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 132 IS 1 BP 50 EP 54 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 508KX UT WOS:000173088600008 PM 11773507 ER PT J AU Bush, JA Wu, GY Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV Davis, TA AF Bush, JA Wu, GY Suryawan, A Nguyen, HV Davis, TA TI Somatotropin-induced amino acid conservation in pigs involves 2 differential regulation of liver and gut urea cycle enzyme activity SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2001 Annual Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 04, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Soc Nutr Sci DE somatotropin; urea cycle; protein metabolism; amino acids; pigs ID INCREASES PROTEIN BALANCE; ACETYL-L-GLUTAMATE; GROWING PIGS; PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN; DIETARY-PROTEIN; ACCRETION RATES; GROWTH-HORMONE; BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; METABOLISM AB Somatotropin (ST) treatment promotes animal growth and allows for the conservation of amino acids by increasing nitrogen retention and reducing ureagenesis and amino acid oxidation. To determine whether the improvement in amino acid conservation with ST treatment involves regulation of urea cycle enzyme activities in both liver and intestine, growing swine were treated with either ST (150 mug . kg(-1) . d(-1)) or saline for 7 d. Fully fed pigs (n = 20) were infused intravenously for 2 h with (NaHCO3)-C-13 followed by a 4-h intraduodenal infusion of [1-C-13]phenylalanine. Arterial and portal venous blood and breath samples were obtained at baseline and steady-state conditions for measurement of amino acid and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations and whole-body phenylalanine oxidation. Urea cycle enzyme activities were determined in liver and jejunum. ST decreased BUN (-46%), arterial (-34%) and portal venous (-43%) amino acid concentrations and whole-body phenylalanine oxidation (-30%). The activities of carbamoylphosphate synthase-1 (-45%), argininosuccinate synthase (-38%), argininosuccinate lyase (-23%), arginase (-27%), and glutaminase (-18%), but not of ornithine carbamoyltransferase, ornithine aminotransferase, or glutamate dehydrogenase were reduced in liver of ST-treated pigs. ST slightly increased intestinal activity of glutaminase (+9%) but did not affect that of any other enzymes. ST decreased hepatic, but increased jejunal, N-acetylglutamate (an essential allosteric activator of carbamoylphosphate synthase-1; -26% and +32%, respectively) and carbamoyl phosphate (a substrate for ornithine carbamoyltransferase; -20% and +28%, respectively) content. These results demonstrate that the reduced amino acid catabolism with ST treatment in growing pigs involves a reduction in hepatic urea cycle enzyme activities. The effect of ST treatment on porcine urea cycle enzymes is tissue-specific and is associated with a reduction in substrate availability for hepatic ureagenesis. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Fac Nutr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474]; NICHD NIH HHS [T32-HD-07445] NR 40 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 132 IS 1 BP 59 EP 67 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 508KX UT WOS:000173088600010 PM 11773509 ER PT J AU Duffy, PH Lewis, SM Mayhugh, MA McCracken, A Thorn, BT Reeves, PG Blakely, SA Casciano, DA Feuers, RJ AF Duffy, PH Lewis, SM Mayhugh, MA McCracken, A Thorn, BT Reeves, PG Blakely, SA Casciano, DA Feuers, RJ TI Effect of the AIN-93M purified diet and dietary restriction on survival in Sprague-Dawley rats: Implications for chronic studies SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE AIN-93M; purified; dietary; restriction; survival; rats ID CHRONIC CALORIC RESTRICTION; FISCHER-344 RATS; B6C3F1 MICE; NUTRITIONAL INFLUENCES; MAMMARY-TUMORS; PATHOLOGY; MOUSE; VARIABLES; TOXICITY; RODENTS AB Survival, growth and dietary intake (DI) variables were monitored in a chronic 114-wk study in which male Sprague-Dawley rats [n = 120; National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) colony] consumed the AIN-93M purified diet ad libitum (AL), or an amount reduced by 31% of total AL intake inclusive of all macro- and micronutrients. The main objectives were to ascertain the survival characteristics of rats fed the AIN-93M diet and to determine whether dietary restriction (DR) increases longevity of rats fed this casein-based diet compared with the use of mixed-protein sources of the NIH-31 cereal-based diet in an earlier study. Body, liver, brain, the brain/body ratio, spleen, thymus and kidney weights, body length and body density were decreased (P < 0.05) by DR, whereas testis weight and skull length were not altered by DR. Significant age effects at 58 and 114 wk were found for body, brain, the brain/body ratio, liver and testis weights, and body density. Survival rates for the AL and 31% DR groups were 43.3 and 57.5%, respectively. Survival curves were not significantly different. The survival rate for AL rats fed the AIN-93M diet was not different from that of AL rats fed the NIH-31 diet (43.3 and 51.7%, respectively). However, the survival rate for 31% DR rats fed the AIN-93M diet was significantly lower than 25% DR rats fed the NIH-31 diet (57.5 and 87.5%, respectively) although both groups had similar body weights and energy intake at various ages. Nutritional components in the NIH-31 diet that are missing and/or reduced in the AIN-93M diet may interact with DR to increase 114-wk survival. Although the survivability, growth and anatomical results of this study suggest that the AIN-93M diet is suitable for chronic rodent studies, additional studies such as comprehensive histopathologic and physiologic investigations must be undertaken to complete the evaluation process. C1 US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Genet & Reprod Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Bionet Corp, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, ROW Sci Inc, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, US Publ Hlth Serv, Washington, DC 20204 USA. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Off Director, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RP Duffy, PH (reprint author), US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Genet & Reprod Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. NR 34 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 132 IS 1 BP 101 EP 107 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 508KX UT WOS:000173088600016 PM 11773515 ER PT J AU Contento, IR Randell, JS Basch, CE AF Contento, IR Randell, JS Basch, CE TI Review and analysis of evaluation measures used in nutrition education intervention research SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Review DE evaluation; nutrition education; interventions ID HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAM; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL-CHILDREN; 5-A-DAY POWER PLUS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE PREVENTION; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; PLASMA-CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; STANFORD 5-CITY PROJECT; CANCER RISK REDUCTION; WORKING WELL TRIAL AB The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of the kinds of evaluation measures used in 265 nutrition education intervention studies conducted between 1980 and 1999 and an analysis of psychometric issues arising from such a review. The data are summarized in terms of tables for interventions with each of six key population groups: preschool children, school-aged children, adults, pregnant women and breast-feeding promotion, older adults, and inservice preparation of professionals and paraprofessionals. Measures evaluating knowledge and skills or behavioral capabilities were most widely used in studies with preschool, school-aged, and inservice populations (50%-85%) and less widely used in studies with the other groups, particularly breast-feeding promotion (5%). Measures of potential psychosocial mediators or correlates of behavior such as outcome expectancies, self-efficacy, or behavioral intention were used in 90% of behaviorally focused studies with school-aged children and in about 20% of studies with adults. Dietary intake measures were used in almost all studies, primarily food recalls, records, and quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Short frequency instruments involving only foods targeted in the intervention such as fruits and vegetables are increasingly being used. Measures of specific observable behaviors are also increasingly being used. Physiologic parameters were used in about 33% of behaviorally focused interventions with schoolaged children and adults, 20% with older adults, and 65% with pregnant women and/or their infants. Criterion validity of newly developed intake instruments and content validity of instruments measuring mediating variables were reported in the majority (range 50%-90%) of studies. Reliability and stability of measures of mediating variables were reported in 50% to 75% of studies, with reliability coefficients mostly about .6 to.7. Two major conclusions from this review are that evaluation measures should be appropriate to the purpose, duration, and power of the intervention and that measures should have adequate validity and reliability in relation to both the outcomes and characteristics of the target audience. Major implications are that considerable preliminary work needs to be done before any intervention study to develop and test evaluation instruments so that they are appropriate and have adequate psychometric properties, and cognitive testing of published instruments with each new target audience is essential. We will then be better able to make judgments about the effectiveness of nutrition education. C1 Columbia Univ Teachers Coll, Dept Hlth & Behav Studies, Nutr Program, New York, NY 10027 USA. Food & Nutr Serv, Off Anal Nutr & Evaluat, USDA, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. Columbia Univ Teachers Coll, Program Hlth Educ, Dept Hlth & Behav Studies, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Contento, IR (reprint author), Columbia Univ Teachers Coll, Dept Hlth & Behav Studies, Nutr Program, 525 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 12374] NR 323 TC 124 Z9 125 U1 9 U2 44 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1499-4046 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 34 IS 1 BP 2 EP 25 DI 10.1016/S1499-4046(06)60220-0 PG 24 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 539LK UT WOS:000174871400003 PM 11917668 ER PT J AU Duke, SO Rimando, AM Baerson, SR Scheffler, BE Ota, E Belz, RG AF Duke, SO Rimando, AM Baerson, SR Scheffler, BE Ota, E Belz, RG TI Strategies for the use of natural products for weed management SO JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE allelochemical; allelopathy; herbicide; natural products; phytotoxin; weed management ID ACTIVE SECONDARY METABOLITES; RYE SECALE-CEREALE; P-HYDROXYPHENYLPYRUVATE DIOXYGENASE; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; ARTEMISIA-ANNUA L; AAL-TOXIN; ALLELOPATHIC SUBSTANCES; SPHINGOID BASES; BARLEY AB Natural products have not been utilized as extensively for weed management as they have been for insect and plant pathogen management, but there are several notable successes such as glufosinate and the natural product-derived triketone herbicides. The two fundamental approaches to the use of natural products for weed management are: 1) as a herbicide or a lead for a synthetic herbicide and 2) use in allelopathic crops or cover crops. New technologies, such as molecular biology, provide tools for expanding the use of natural products in weed management. Strategies for implementation of these approaches are discussed, along with examples. C1 ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, University, MS 38677 USA. KUBOTA Corp, Adv Technol Lab, Biotechnol Grp, Ryugasaki, Ibaraki 3010852, Japan. Univ Hohenheim, Inst Phytomed, Dept Weed Sci, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM sduke@ars.usda.gov OI Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 90 TC 20 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 12 PU PESTICIDE SCI SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA TOKYO UNIV AGR DEPT OF AGR CHEM, TOKYO, 156, JAPAN SN 1348-589X J9 J PESTIC SCI JI J. Pestic. Sci. PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 298 EP 306 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 591HF UT WOS:000177873100013 ER PT J AU Goenaga, R Smith, JR AF Goenaga, R Smith, JR TI Dry matter production and leaf elemental concentrations of common bean grown on an acid ultisol SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article AB Tolerance to soil aluminum (Al) differs greatly among grain legume species. However, there is insufficient information on the response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to Al stress under field conditions. A 2-yr field study was conducted to determine the effects of various levels of soil Al on dry matter production and mineral concentration in the leaves of five genotypes of common beans. Increasing the concentration of soil Al caused a significant decline in total, stem, pod, and grain dry weights in all genotypes. Increasing soil Al concentration from 0.68 cmol kg(-1) to just 2.5 cmol kg(-1) reduced the total dry weight of all genotypes between 25% and 31%. Increments in soil Al resulted in a significant reduction in leaf phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) and an increase nitrogen (N), iron (Fe), and AI. Leaf potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) increased up to a soil Al concentration of about 8 cmol kg(-1) and then declined sharply. The results of this study demonstrate genotypic differences for dry matter production in both dry beans and snap beans grown under Al stress. However, these differences may be of little practical value under the field conditions normally encountered in the humid tropics where the amounts of soil Al cause large reductions in yields. C1 USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Goenaga, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Trop Agr Res Stn, 2200 Pedro Albizu Campos Ave,Suite 201, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1081/PLN-100108783 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 519WZ UT WOS:000173749600008 ER PT J AU Drake, SR Raese, JT Smith, TJ AF Drake, SR Raese, JT Smith, TJ TI Time of nitrogen application and its influence on 'golden delicious' apple yield and fruit quality SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID MINERAL ANALYSES; FERTILIZATION; TREES; SOIL AB Nitrogen (N) fertilization influences apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) yield and quality, but less is known about the effect of rate and timing of fertilization on fruit quality. Rate and time of N fertilization (114 g/tree in Nov. + 68 g/tree in May, 227 g/tree in Aug., 45 g/tree for 4 weeks starting in Aug., 136 g/tree in Aug., and 68 g/tree Aug. and May) affected N concentrations in flowers, bourse leaves, and in mid-terminal leaves of current season's growth. Return bloom and yield were highest for trees with the highest rate of N applied in August and they were lowest for trees with the lowest rate of N applied in a split application in May and August. Fruit size, color, firmness, soluble solids, and titratable acids, either at harvest or after 90 days in regular atmosphere storage, were not influenced by all five relatively low rates of N application. The best N treatment for fruit quality was with the low rate of N application in August. Highest fruit firmness. soluble solids content, and titratable acidity after storage occurred in fruit from trees that were harvested in 1997 with the lowest yield, regardless of N application. Return bloom, flower, and leaf N were good predictors of yield. Due to alternate bearing tendencies yield was a better predictor of fruit firmness, soluble solids, and titratable acidity than leaf N. The best N treatment for highest yield without sacrificing fruit quality was a single application (227 g) in August each year. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Drake, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 6 U2 10 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 143 EP 157 DI 10.1081/PLN-100108786 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 519WZ UT WOS:000173749600011 ER PT J AU Morris, DR Baligar, VC Schuler, TM Harmon, PJ AF Morris, DR Baligar, VC Schuler, TM Harmon, PJ TI Biological nitrogen fixation and habitat of running buffalo clover SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article AB Running buffalo clover (RBC) [Trifolium stolouiferum (Muhl. ex Eat.)] is an endangered species whose survival is uncertain. An experiment was conducted on extant RBC sites to investigate biological nitrogen (N-2) fixation, associated plant species, and soil conditions under natural mountain settings. Isotope (N-15) dilution technique was used to calculate quantities of N fixation. Sites were sampled three times within a 2-yr period. Associated plant species were identified, and their dry matter contributions to the total system were assessed. Nitrogen fixation did not appear to contribute a significant portion of the plant N demand. Close cutting (3-cm height) did not seriously damage RBC stands, and RBC constituted between 11 and 44% of the stand throughout the sampling period. Clover forage quality was adequate for grazing animals with around 15% protein. Of the 37 different plant species identified in experimental plots, nettle (Urtica dioica L.) and deer tongue (Panicum clandestinum L.) were most closely associated with RBC based on significant correlation coefficients (r = 0.90 and 0.83, respectively). Native RBC was growing in relatively fertile soil with pH values above 5.5 and potassium (K) values above 96 mug g(-1). However, phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) may be limiting growth since soil available values were below 2 and 80 mug g(-1), respectively. It appears that RBC is a non-N fixing legume whose cutting management may be similar to other forage clovers. C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. USDA ARS, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26241 USA. Div Nat Resources, W Virginia Nat Heritage Program, Elkins, WV 26241 USA. RP Morris, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 Highway 441, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2002 VL 25 IS 4 BP 735 EP 746 DI 10.1081/PLN-120002955 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 538CY UT WOS:000174797500004 ER PT J AU Banuelos, GS Zayed, A Mackey, B AF Banuelos, GS Zayed, A Mackey, B TI Growth of faba bean irrigated with saline drainage water SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID BORON; SELENIUM; WHEAT; SOIL; PRODUCTIVITY; TOLERANCE; PLANTS; CANCER; REUSE AB There is an increasing trend in utilizing poor quality waters for irrigated agriculture due to growing municipal and environmental demands for good quality water. Suitability of poor quality water as a supplemental source for irrigation depends on the level of salinity and solute concentration in the water and the selected crop. This greenhouse study assessed the tolerance of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) to irrigation with saline drainage effluent that contains boron (B) and selenium (Se). Plants were grown in a Panoche clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, calcareous, thermic typic Torriorthents) and irrigated with poor quality drainage effluent typical in part of the westside of California's San Joaquin Valley. The chloride/sulfate saline effluent had an electrical conductivity (EC) of 10 dS m(-1), a range of B concentrations from 10 to 30 mg L-1, and one level of Se as selenate at 250 mug L-1. After 150 days of growth at full bloom, plants were harvested and plant accumulation of B, Se, and chloride (Cl-) was evaluated on their effects on dry matter (DM). Dry matter production and nodulation in faba bean were significantly affected by salinity level of 10 dS m(-1) and slightly affected by B levels 20 mg L-1 or less in the treatments. Leaf tissue accumulated the greatest concentrations of Cl- (up to 8%) from the saline treatments and the greatest concentration of B (up to 1500 mg kg(-1) DM) and Se (up to 3.5 mg kg(-1) DM) from the non-saline treatments containing a range of B in solution. This study suggests that faba bean may be suitable for irrigation with drainage effluent high in B concentrations but low in salinity. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Paradigm Genet, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USDA ARS, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Banuelos, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2002 VL 25 IS 5 BP 1101 EP 1114 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 559EB UT WOS:000176011400014 ER PT J AU Ben-Hammouda, M Ghorbal, H Kremer, RJ Oueslatt, O AF Ben-Hammouda, M Ghorbal, H Kremer, RJ Oueslatt, O TI Autotoxicity of barley SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID ALLELOPATHY; EXTRACTS; ALFALFA; PHYTOTOXICITY; GERMINATION; SEEDLINGS; GROWTH AB Allelopathic potential of a crop species varies depending on stage of growth. Because allelopathy of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), an important cereal grain adapted to semi-arid conditions of northern Tunisia, has not been widely reported, a study was conducted to determine i) the potential autotoxicity of barley and ii) the differential allelopathic potential of barley plant components over four phenological stages. The study involved experiments with barley seed germination and seedling growth bioassay techniques for detection of allelopathic activity. Plant parts of field-grown 'Rihane' barley were extracted with distilled water. At growth stage 4 (stems not well developed), whole plants were extracted. Thereafter, roots, stems, and leaves were extracted separately. Water extracts of 'Rihane' barley plant parts were bioassayed on four varieties of barley. Seedling growth bioassays revealed autotoxicity of barley, which appeared to be more pronounced on radicle growth than coleoptile growth, especially when plants near physiological maturity were extracted. Autotoxicity was not significant when 'Rihane' barley was simultaneously the donor and recipient of water extracts. Leaves were the most important source of allelopathic substances. Root extracts were least inhibitory toward both radicle and coleoptile growth. Results suggest qualitative and quantitative changes in allelopathic substances in barley plant parts during plant development. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Ecole Super Agr Kef, Kef, Tunisia. Fac Sci Tunis, Tunis 1060, Tunisia. Univ Missouri, Dept Soil & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kremer, RJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2002 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1155 EP 1161 DI 10.1081/PLN-120004379 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 564LH UT WOS:000176315500001 ER PT J AU Caldwell, CR AF Caldwell, CR TI Effect of elevated copper on phenolic compounds of spinach leaf tissues SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID FLAVONOL GLYCOSIDES; B DAMAGE; PLANTS; LEAVES; OLERACEA; TOXICITY; STRESS AB The effect of copper [Cu(II)] on the phenolic compounds of spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) leaf tissues was investigated. Leaf disks (7 mm) were exposed to CUSO4.5H(2)O concentrations from 50muM (12.5ppm) to 2.5mM (625ppm) at pHs from 4.0 to 9.0 for 24hr in both the light and dark. Acidified, aqueous methanol (flavonoid-rich fraction) extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Cu(II) altered the levels of the phenolic compounds, increasing the levels of some compounds at low Cu(II) concentrations and decreasing the levels of all the phenolic compounds at higher Cu(II) levels. In most cases, the magnitude of the Cu(II)induced changes in spinach phenolics was independent of treatment pH. These Cu(II)-induced changes in phenolic compounds may modify plant responses to environmental or biotic stresses and after the nutritional values of certain vegetable crops. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutr Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Caldwell, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Phytonutr Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2002 VL 25 IS 6 BP 1225 EP 1237 DI 10.1081/PLN-120004384 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 564LH UT WOS:000176315500006 ER PT J AU Hickman, MV AF Hickman, MV TI Long-term tillage and crop rotation effects on soil chemical and mineral properties SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID NO-TILLAGE; NITROGEN; CORN AB Soil samples from archives and newly collected groups were analyzed to examine changes in mineral nutrient availability and selected soil chemical factors under long-term management systems. Continuous corn (CC), corn-soybeans (CS), corn-soybean-wheat (CSW), and continuous soybeans (SS) were the rotations examined under moldboard plow (MP) and no-tillage (NT) conditions on a silty clay loam soil. Crop rotation had little effect on nutrient availability. Reduced soil pH by rotations containing corn was likely due to nitrogen fertilization with anhydrous ammonia. Reduced tillage resulted in reduced pH, increased cation exchange capacity (CEC), and increased calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) availability. Sixteen years of cropping without added fertilizer [other than nitrogen (N)] did not alter the total extractable levels for phosphorus (P), potassium (K), Ca, Mg, manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), boron (B), or sodium (Na); however, iron (Fe) levels were reduced by NT. Average soil pH, available P, and available Mn declined over time while available Ca, available Mg, and CEC increased over time. Available K declined initially and then recovered to initial levels. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Hickman, MV (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 1196 Soil Bld, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 11 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2002 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1457 EP 1470 DI 10.1081/PLN-120005402 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 575TK UT WOS:000176964400008 ER PT J AU Alva, AK Hodges, T Boydston, RA Collins, HP AF Alva, AK Hodges, T Boydston, RA Collins, HP TI Dry matter and nitrogen accumulations and partitioning in two potato cultivars SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID NITRATE; PLANT; TUBER AB Potato plant dry matter and nutrient accumulation and partitioning patterns into various parts of the plant are important to fine tune management practices that optimize the nutrient uptake efficiency and tuber production. Accumulation and partitioning of dry matter and nitrogen (N) during the growing period were evaluated in this four year study for two potato cultivars in high yielding production conditions in the Columbia Basin production region in Washington, under irrigated farming. Studies were conducted on a Quincy fine sand, which represents a typical potato production soil in this region. A full season indeterminate potato cultivar (Russet Burbank) and an early maturing determinate cultivar (Hilite Russet) were used in this study. Partitioning of assimilates into the tuber was similar for both cultivars. The tuber weight accounted for 76 to 87% of total plant weight, while that of stem and leaf weight accounted for 3 to 11, and 9 to 13%, respectively. Tuber weight increased rapidly during 60 to 100 days after planting. Nitrogen content in the tuber, in relation to the total N in the plant, accounted for 81 to 86, and 83 to 89%, for the Hilite Russet and Russet Burbank cultivars, respectively. Nitrogen in the leaves comprised 6 to 18%, and in the stem 3 to 5% of the total plant N. Prior to senescence of the vines, total N in the plants (excluding roots) accounted for up to 350 kg ha(-1). At this growth stage, the N in tubers, leaves, and stems represented 68.6, 19.4, and 12.0%, respectively. The above information is useful for N management with the knowledge of soil residual N and availability of N from mineralization of crop residue during the crop growing season. C1 USDA ARS, PWA, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Alva, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, PWA, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2002 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1621 EP 1630 DI 10.1081/PLN-120006047 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 585VD UT WOS:000177544500002 ER PT J AU Heitholt, JJ Sloan, JJ MacKown, CT AF Heitholt, JJ Sloan, JJ MacKown, CT TI Copper, manganese, and zinc fertilization effects on growth of soybean on a calcareous soil SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL DETECTION; DEFICIENCY; IRON; AVAILABILITY AB High pH may limit micronutrient availability for soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) on Blackland soils found in northeast Texas. However, it is not clear whether preplant additions of micronutrients will enhance soybean growth or yield on this soil. In three separate greenhouse studies, a pH 8.3 Houston Black clay (fine, smectitic, thermic Udic Haplusterts), with. DTPA-extractable concentrations of 0.74 mg copper (Cu) kg(-1), 3.74 mg manganese (Mn) kg(-1), and 0.47 mg zinc (Zn) kg(-1), was treated with CuSO4 (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm Cu), MnSO4 (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 ppm Mn), or ZnSO4 (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 ppm Zn). Pot size was 19 L and soil dry mass was 10 kg. Soybean (cv. Hutcheson) seed were planted in either February or April 2000 and seedlings were thinned to three per pot at the first true leaf stage. One leaf from each plant was harvested at growth stage R3 for nutrient analysis. Between 20 and 110 days after planting, five to six nondestructive leaf chlorophyll readings were obtained. Plants were destructively harvested at R6 (mid podfill) for nutrient and yield determination. No visible symptoms appeared through early reproductive growth, but by growth stage R5 (beginning seed), leaves from the 0 ppm Cu treatment were chlorotic. Chlorophyll (SPAD 502) values of the 3rd uppermost leaf during the R3 to R5 growth stages were greater when Cu, Mn, and Zn were added to the soil than in the 0 ppm treatment. Fruit yield (seed plus pod walls) at growth stage R6 was greater in pots receiving 25 to 100 ppm Cu, 20 to 40 ppm Mn, and 4 to 8 ppm Zn than in the check treatment. Total biomass was increased by 25 to 100 ppm Cu, but there was only a trend for Mn or Zn to increase biomass. Because fruit yield increases were observed as a result of an addition of the micronutrients applied individually, a combination of micronutrients may increase yield further. There was no evidence that the higher rates of Cu, Mn, or Zn caused reduced growth. In summary, these greenhouse results indicated that field studies testing the effects of Cu, Mn, and Zn on soybean yield on this calcareous soil are warranted. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. USDA ARS, El Reno, OK 73063 USA. RP Heitholt, JJ (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2002 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1727 EP 1740 DI 10.1081/PLN-120006054 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 585VD UT WOS:000177544500009 ER PT J AU Clark, RB AF Clark, RB TI Differences among mycorrhizal fungi for mineral uptake per root length of switchgrass grown in acidic soil SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID TRIFOLIUM-SUBTERRANEUM L; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; PANICUM-VIRGATUM; EXTERNAL HYPHAE; ALKALINE SOIL; PHOSPHORUS; SORGHUM; COLONIZATION; INOCULATION; P-32 AB Plants commonly encounter deficient and/or toxic levels of mineral elements when grown in acidic soil, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have potential to overcome many of these effects. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) was grown in acidic Lily soil (Typic Hapludult) at pH(Ca) 4 and 5 (soil: 10 MM CaCl(2), 1 : 1) and inoculated with Glomus (G.) clarum, G. diaphanum, G. etunicatum, G. intraradices, Gigaspora (Gi.) albida, Gi. margarita, Gi. rosea, and Acaulospora (A.) morrowiae to determine differences among mycorrhizal (AM) plants for mineral uptake per root length (RL). Shoots of AM plants grown in pHCa 4 and 5 soil had extensive mineral nutrient content (per plant) differences, and AM plants grown in pHCa 4 soil generally had higher and wider ranges of mineral contents than plants grown in pHCa 5 soil. Mineral uptake per RL varied extensively among AM plants. The AM plants generally enhanced uptake of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) and reduced uptake of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), boron (B), and aluminum (Al). The G. etunicatum plants particularly had higher P, N, S, K, Mg, Zn, and Cu uptake compared to the other AM plants. Most AMF isolates used were effective in enhancing mineral uptake and reducing excess amounts of toxic elements in shoots. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Clark, RB (reprint author), 2690 Aquarius Circle, St George, UT 84790 USA. EM rbclark2690@mail.burgoyne.com NR 47 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2002 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1753 EP 1772 DI 10.1081/PLN-120006056 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 585VD UT WOS:000177544500011 ER PT J AU Kukier, U Chaney, RL AF Kukier, U Chaney, RL TI Growing rice grain with controlled cadmium concentrations SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID RAW AGRICULTURAL CROPS; NUTRIENT SOLUTION; JAPANESE-QUAIL; UNITED-STATES; ZINC; PLANTS; ABSORPTION; ELEMENTS; LETTUCE; SPINACH AB Two solution studies were conducted a) to investigate the uptake of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) by rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) and interaction between these elements, and b) to determine experimental conditions for growing rice grain with desired Cd concentration for an animal feeding study. In both studies, free metal activities of cadmium and cationic microelements were buffered by an excess of chelating agents.-The first study was a factorial design with two Zn levels (1.0 and 3.89 muM) and four Cd levels (0.81, 1.44, 2.56 and 4.55 muM) in the solution. In the second study, rice was grown in two solutions of different micro- and macro-element compositions and three Cd levels (0.0, 0.5, and 2.0 muM). In the first study, solution Zn concentration of 3.89 muM and corresponding free metal activity (pZn(2+)) of 6.00 was toxic to young rice plants. With time, Zn concentrations in rice plants decreased while Cd concentrations increased. Toxic concentration of Cd in roots (about 100 mg kg(-1)) associated with a 20% reduction in the root dry matter occurred at the free Cd2+ activities in the solution (pCd(2+)) in the range of 10.25-9.75. Sufficient Zn level in plants slightly stimulated Cd transfer from roots to shoots as opposed to barely sufficient or slightly deficient Zn concentration in shoots. However, the better Zn status in plants clearly diminished severity of Cd toxicity symptoms in shoots. The use of nutrient solutions adapted for rice growth allowed the rice grown in the second experiment to produce grain under controlled conditions. Cadmium in the brown rice grain I was 0.1 to 0.8 mg kg(-1), covering the range needed for feeding experiments relevant to rice Cd risk to humans. Composition of the nutrient solutions, in addition to solution Cd level, had a significant effect on Cd concentration in grain. Correlation of grain Cd concentration with solution Cd2+ activity was much stronger than with total solution Cd. Results of both experiments supported hypothesis that Cd uptake and transport within rice plants is an active process. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kukier, U (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 44 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2002 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1793 EP 1820 DI 10.1081/PLN-120006058 PG 28 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 585VD UT WOS:000177544500013 ER PT J AU Alva, AK Huang, B Paramasivam, S Sajwan, KS AF Alva, AK Huang, B Paramasivam, S Sajwan, KS TI Evaluation of root growth limiting factors in spodic horizons of Spodosols SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID WEIGHT ORGANIC-ACIDS; ALUMINUM TOXICITY; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SUBSOIL HORIZONS; IONIC-STRENGTH; SOIL SOLUTIONS; FOREST SOILS; SULFATE; PHYTOTOXICITY; SPECIATION AB Spodic horizon in Spodosols often restricts growth of plant roots. Generally the Spodic horizon is acidic with high levels of aluminum (Al). In this study soil solution Al was characterized in the Spodic horizon and the respective surface horizon of three Spodosols in the major citrus production region in Florida. The soil pH ranged from 4.92 to 5.14, and 4.82 to 5.50 in the Spodic and top soil samples, respectively. The modified aluminon analytical technique was used to measure the concentrations of Al in the soil solution as monomeric Al which includes both organic and inorganic monomeric Al complexes, and as reactive Al (which excludes most of the organically complexed Al). The organically complexed Al was estimated by the difference between the above two concentrations. The concentrations of total Al in soil solutions were measured by the aluminon technique. The polymeric Al was estimated by the difference between the total and monomeric Al concentrations. Further, the activities of different monomeric Al species were calculated by MINTEQA2 thermodynamic speciation model. The concentration of reactive Al varied from 29.5 to 51.9 and 27.5 to 62.7muM in soil solutions from the top soil and Spodic horizon samples, respectively. The corresponding values for the organically complexed Al were 10.3 to 32.5 and 15.6 to 51.0muM, and those for the polymeric Al were 11.6 to 54.8 and 25.4 to 46.0muM. The shoot and root dry weights of soybean seedlings were lower in the Spodic horizon samples as compared to that of the seedlings in the respective top soil samples, in all three soil series. The difference in growth of citrus seedlings in the Spodic horizon soil as compared to that in the respective surface soil horizon was dependent on each of the soil series. The root growth reduction in the Spodic horizon soil sample as compared to the growth in the surface horizon soil of the respective soil series, was marginal (17%) in the Wabasso sand, as compared to 34 to 38% reduction in the Ankona and Nettle sand soils. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. Savannah State Univ, Marine Environm Sci & Biotechnol Res Ctr, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. RP Alva, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2002 VL 25 IS 9 BP 2001 EP 2014 DI 10.1081/PLN-120013290 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 592JZ UT WOS:000177935700012 ER PT J AU Sajwan, KS Paramasivam, S Richardson, JP Alva, AK AF Sajwan, KS Paramasivam, S Richardson, JP Alva, AK TI Phosphorus alleviation of cadmium phytotoxicity SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SLUDGE-BORNE METALS; SEWAGE SLUDGE; HEAVY-METALS; PLANTS; CORN; CROPS; SOIL; ACCUMULATION; ELEMENTS; ZINC AB A hydroponic study was conducted under controlled environmental conditions to determine the effect of phosphate addition on cadmium (Cd) toxicity to soybeans (Glycine max L. Cutiva perron) plants. Three-week-old soybean plants previously grown on perlite for two weeks and additional seven days on 'Hoagland' nutrient solution without Cd supply were transferred to solutions containing either 0, 0.075 or 0.15 mg Cd L(-1). Each of these Cd treatment received either 0.4, 0.6, or 0.8 M phosphorus (P) as KH(2)PO(4) and the seedlings were grown for additional 33 d. Results of this study indicated that irrespective of Cd level in the growing solution, phosphate addition alleviated Cd toxicity in soybean. The addition of as little as 0.4 M phosphate alleviated biomass reductions induced by 0.075 mg Cd L(-1). The alteration in tissue Cd concentrations brought about by phosphate addition may reveal an antagonistic effect between P and Cd. C1 Savannah State Univ, Dept Biol & Life Sci, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. USDA ARS, PWA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Sajwan, KS (reprint author), Savannah State Univ, Dept Biol & Life Sci, POB 20600, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. EM Sajwank@savstate.edu NR 39 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2002 VL 25 IS 9 BP 2027 EP 2034 DI 10.1081/PLN-120013292 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 592JZ UT WOS:000177935700014 ER PT J AU Adeli, A Varco, JJ AF Adeli, A Varco, JJ TI Potassium management effects on cotton yield, nutrition, and soil potassium level SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article AB A three-year field experiment was conducted on an alluvial Morganfield silt soil (coarse silty, mixed, non-acid, thermic, Typic Udifluvent) to determine potassium (K) fertilizer rate and placement effects on cotton lint yield and soil K levels. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. An incomplete factorial arrangement of treatments (including 0, 68, 136, and 204 kg K ha(-1) broadcast, 0, 34, and 68 kg K ha(-1) banded in factorial combination with 0, 68, and 136 kg K ha(-1) broadcast, and 204 kg K ha(-1) broadcast with zero banded and 102 kg K ha(-1) banded with 0 kg K ha(-1) broadcast) was used. Cotton lint yield increased linearly with band application of K only in a relatively dry growing season possibly due to enhanced K uptake especially early in the season. Combination of band and broadcast application of K fertilizer was more effective in increasing cotton lint yield than either method alone. Maximum lint yield was obtained with the application of 34 kg K ha(-1) banded plus 136 kg K ha(-1) broadcast. This combined treatment resulted in greater leaf K concentration and total K uptake than either broadcast or band application alone. A linear increase in petiole and leaf K at early flowering resulted from broadcast incorporated K rates. Extractable soil K increased linearly in the 0 to 15 cm depth with increasing broadcast application of K fertilizer. Maximum lint yield was predicted at a soil K level near 160 mg kg(-1). The Morganfield (CEC = 11.1 cmol(c) kg(-1)) soil required approximately 2.2 to 2.3 kg fertilizer K ha(-1) to increase soil K by 1 kg ha(-1) in the 0 to 15 cm depth. C1 USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Adeli, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, 810 Highway 12 E, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM aadeli@ra.msstate.edu NR 28 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2002 VL 25 IS 10 BP 2229 EP 2242 DI 10.1081/PLN-120014072 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 595HC UT WOS:000178101900011 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Lin, SS AF Wang, SY Lin, SS TI Composts as soil supplement enhanced plant growth and fruit quality of strawberry SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID NITRATE REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY; NICOTIANA-TABACUM; SLUDGE COMPOST; CROPS; ACCUMULATION; POTASSIUM; LEAVES AB Compost significantly enhanced strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) plant growth and fruit quality when used as a soil supplement. Adding half strength of Peter nutrient solution (50% fertilizer) to a mixture of 50% soil plus 50% compost was very effective in significantly increasing plant dry weight to approximately double that of controls (without compost), fruit yield by more than 70%, and fruit size by 15% compared to controls in the two strawberry cultivars ("Allstar" and "Honeoye"). Compost and fertilizer also significantly enhanced leaf chlorophyll content. Nitrate reductase activity significantly increased in leaves and roots with the greatest increases when using 50% soil plus 50% compost. Strawberry plants grown with compost had significantly higher levels of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K), but lower levels of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), and nickel (Ni) in fruit of both "Allstar" and "Honeoye". Adding compost to the soil mix did not change zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) levels. Use of compost also significantly increased levels of organic acids (malic and citric acid), sugars (fructose, glucose, and total sugars), soluble solids content, and titratable acidity content in both cultivars. The results indicate that the use of compost can reduce the amount of fertilizer required for optimum strawberry plant growth. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 36 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 8 U2 19 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2002 VL 25 IS 10 BP 2243 EP 2259 DI 10.1081/PLN-120014073 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 595HC UT WOS:000178101900012 ER PT J AU Schier, GA McQuattie, CJ AF Schier, GA McQuattie, CJ TI Stimulatory effects of aluminum on growth of sugar maple seedlings SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CULTURE; RESPONSES AB To determine the effect of aluminum (Al) on sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), seedlings were grown in sand irrigated with nutrient solution (pH 3.8) containing 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, or 40mgL(-1) Al. Seedling growth was enhanced at 2.5 and 5 mg L-1 Al. Although higher levels of Al reduced calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations in leaves and caused root and foliar injury, no negative effects of Al on growth were observed. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP McQuattie, CJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2002 VL 25 IS 11 BP 2583 EP 2588 DI 10.1081/PLN-120014715 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 602RX UT WOS:000178519200018 ER PT J AU Wilson, C Read, JJ Abo-Kassem, E AF Wilson, C Read, JJ Abo-Kassem, E TI Effect of mixed-salt salinity on growth and ion relations of a quinoa and a wheat variety SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CHENOPODIUM-QUINOA; TOLERANCE; RESPONSES; PHOSPHATE; GENOTYPES; STRESS; NACL AB Salinity is among the most widespread and prevalent problems in irrigated agriculture. Many members of the family Chenopodiaceae are classified as salt tolerant. One member of this family; which is of increasing interest, is quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) which is able to grow on poorer soils. Salinity sensitivity studies of quinoa were conducted in the greenhouse on the cultivar, "Andean Hybrid" to determine if quinoa had useful mechanisms for salt tolerant studies. For salt treatment we used a salinity composition that would occur in a typical soil in the San Joaquin Valley of California using drainage waters for irrigation. Salinity treatments (ECi) ranging from 3, 7, 11, to 19 dS m(-1) were achieved by adding MgSO4, Na2SO4, NaCl, and CaCl2 to the base nutrient solution. These salts were added incrementally over a four-day period to avoid osmotic shock to the seedlings. The base nutrient solution without added salt served as the non-saline control solution (3 dS m(-1)). Solution pH was uncontrolled and ranged from 7.7 to 8.0. For comparative purposes, we also examined Yecora Rojo, a semi-dwarf wheat, Triticum aestivum L. With respect to salinity effects on growth in quinoa, we found no significant reduction in plant height or fresh weight until the electrical conductivity exceeded 11 dS m(-1). The growth was characteristic of a halophyte with a significant increase in leaf area at 11 dS m(-1) as compared with 3 dS m(-1) controls. As to wheat, plant fresh and dry weight, canopy height, and leaf area did not differ between controls (3 dS m(-1)) and plants grown at 7 dS m(-1). Beyond this threshold, however, plant growth declined. While both quinoa and wheat exhibited increasing Na+ accumulation with increasing salinity levels, the percentage increase was greater in wheat. Examination of ion ratios indicated that K+: Na+ ratio decreased with increasing salinity in both species. The decrease was more dramatic in wheat. A similar observation was also made with respect to the Ca2+ : Na+ ratios. However, a difference between the two species was found with respect to changes in the level of K+ in the plant. In quinoa, leaf K+ levels measured at 19 dS m(-1) had decreased by only 7% compared with controls. Stem K+ levels were not significantly affected. In wheat, shoot K+ levels had decreased by almost 40% at 19 dS m(-1). Correlated with these findings, we measured no change in the K+ : Na+ selectivity with increasing salinity in quinoa leaves and only a small increase in stems. In wheat however, K+: Na+ selectivity at 3 dS m(-1) was much higher than in quinoa and decreased significantly across the four salinity levels tested. A similar situation was also noted with Ca2+ : Na+ selectivity. We concluded that the greater salt tolerance found in quinoa relative to wheat may be due to a variety of mechanisms. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Tanta Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Bot, Tanta, Egypt. RP Wilson, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 West Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 46 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2002 VL 25 IS 12 BP 2689 EP 2704 DI 10.1081/PLN-120015532 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 626CL UT WOS:000179854700009 ER PT J AU Suleiman, S Wilson, C Grieve, CM AF Suleiman, S Wilson, C Grieve, CM TI Effect of salinity and exogenously applied polyamines on growth and ion relations in spinach SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID SALT TOLERANCE; PHYSIOLOGY AB It has been suggested that polyamines are involved in many growth and development processes in plants and may serve as growth regulators. These nitrogenous compounds have been shown to be involved in cell division, nucleic acid and proteins synthesis, and normal senescence. It is thought by some that polyamines may be involved in the plant's mechanistic response to stress. More importantly, some reports indicate that exogenously applied polyamines can overcome the growth reduction brought about by salinity stress. In this report, growth studies were performed on to examine the effect of exogenously applied putrescine, spermidine, and spermine on the alleviation of salinity stress. Spinacia oleracea, L. cv. Space was chosen since much of our understanding of the sugar metabolism needed for growth has been derived from this plant. Polyamines were applied in a manner used in earlier reports, i.e., foliar spray. The effect of salinity and polyamines on leaf number, leaf area, fresh and dry weight was observed. Our analysis showed that putrescine and spermine had no significant effect on plant growth throughout the range of salinities studied (2 to 11.7 dS m(-1)). Spermidine slightly decreased growth. Further studies on ion uptake indicated that none of the polyamines tested had a significant effect on plant ion content. While we failed to document any growth response to putrescine or spermine treatment, we did find a significant reduction of growth as salinity increased in the irrigation water. Further analysis of the ion data indicated that K+ : Na+ selectivity significantly increased with increasing salinity. This preferential increased influx of K+ ions may be an important mechanism by which spinach maintains low Na+ tissue levels relative to external concentrations. Additionally, Ca2+ : Na+ selectivity as measured by the Gapon constant, K-g, greatly increased. Conversely, Ca2+ : Mg2+ selectivity decreased resulting in an increase in Mg2+ tissue concentrations. Our results are discussed in terms of possible salt tolerance mechanisms in spinach as they relate to the preferential uptake of specific nutrient ions from saline irrigation waters. C1 Tishreen Univ, Fac Agr, Latakia, Syria. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Wilson, C (reprint author), Tishreen Univ, Fac Agr, Latakia, Syria. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PY 2002 VL 25 IS 12 BP 2705 EP 2717 DI 10.1081/PLN-120015533 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 626CL UT WOS:000179854700010 ER PT J AU Wheeler, MA Trlica, MJ Frasier, GW Reeder, JD AF Wheeler, MA Trlica, MJ Frasier, GW Reeder, JD TI Seasonal grazing affects soil physical properties of a montane riparian community SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE compaction; infiltration; soil bulk density; porosity; recovery ID ORGANIC-MATTER; VEGETATION; RESPONSES; INFILTRATION; MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM; FLOW AB The effects of seasonal grazing treatments (early spring and late summer) on soil physical properties were studied in a montane riparian ecosystem in northern Colorado. Infiltration rates and bulk density were used as primary indicators of responses to a 1-time heavy grazing event on previously protected paddocks. Soil bulk density, porosity, gravimetric water content, organic carbon concentration and texture were measured at 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and 10-15 cm depths to determine how these parameters affected infiltration rates. Assessment of initial changes and subsequent recovery of the soil properties in response to the grazing treatments was conducted by measuring these parameters before each grazing event and at 4 time periods following the grazing event. Few differences between spring or late summer grazing periods on soil physical properties were found. A stepwise multiple regression model for infiltration rate based on soil physical properties yielded a low R-2 (0.31), which indicated much unexplained variability in infiltration. However, infiltration rates declined significantly and bulk density increased at the 5-10 cm depth and 10-15 cm depth in grazed plots immediately following grazing, but the highly organic surface layer (0-5 cm) had no significant compaction. Infiltration rates and soil bulk densities returned to pre-disturbed values within I year after grazing events, suggesting full hydrologic recovery. This recovery may be related to frequent freeze-thaw events and high organic matter in sons. C1 USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wheeler, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, 1701 Ctr St, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 49 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 55 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.2307/4003262 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511YW UT WOS:000173295200007 ER PT J AU Lamb, JB Adams, DC Klopfenstein, TJ Grant, RJ Sims, PL White, LM Waller, SS AF Lamb, JB Adams, DC Klopfenstein, TJ Grant, RJ Sims, PL White, LM Waller, SS TI Intake and digestive kinetics of leaf and stem fractions SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE digestibility; retention; particle size; rumen; feces; omasum ID PARTICLE-SIZE; VOLUNTARY INTAKE; RETENTION TIME; FEED-INTAKE; FORAGE; RUMEN; CATTLE; FIBER; DIGESTIBILITY; STEERS AB Ruminally fistulated steers were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square to test effects of immature (vegetative) and mature (post reproductive) leaf and stem fractions from subirrigated meadow hay on organic matter intake (OMI), organic matter digestibility (OMD), and digestive kinetics. Hay was harvested I June (immature) and 1 October (mature), chopped into 3- to 5-cm lengths, then separated into leaf and stem fractions using a modified Clipper Cleaner Model Super 69D. Steers were provided ad libitum access to fractions and supplemented with urea so, that diets were iso-nitrogenous. Particulate passage was determined using Yb labeled large hay particles [greater than or equal to 1.7-mm screen] and Er labeled small particles [< 1.7-mm and greater than or equal to 0.212-mm screen]. Samples were collected from the rumen, omasum, feces, and un-masticated diets for particle size determination. Particle size was determined using wet sieving techniques. Voluntary OMI of immature fractions (15.4 g kg(-1) BW) was greater (P < 0.05) than mature fractions (12.5 g kg(-1) BW). Within maturity OMI and OMD of leaves and stems were similar. Immature fractions had greater (P < 0.05) OMD (63.2%) than mature fractions (55.7%). Large and small particle passage rates were faster (P < 0.05) for immature fractions [3.2% hour(-1) (large) and 4.3% hour(-1) (small)] than mature [(2.3% hour(-1) (large) and 2.9% hour(-1) (small)]. Critical particle size for ruminal escape was < 1.18 mm for both leaves and stems regardless of maturity. Differences in OMI land OMD between immature and mature fractions were explained by changes in structural components of the cell wall that made particles more resistant to mechanical and microbial breakdown. C1 Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Inst Agr & Nat Resources, W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, N Platte, NE 69101 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Lamb, JB (reprint author), Univ Nebraska Lincoln, Inst Agr & Nat Resources, W Cent Res & Extens Ctr, 461 W Univ Dr, N Platte, NE 69101 USA. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 55 IS 1 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.2307/4003263 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511YW UT WOS:000173295200008 ER PT J AU Rafferty, DL Young, JA AF Rafferty, DL Young, JA TI Cheatgrass competition and establishment of desert needlegrass seedlings SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Achnatherum speciosum; Bromus tectorum; restoration; temperate deserts AB Desert needlegrass (Achnatherum speciosum [Trin. & Rupr.] Barkworth) is potentially a valuable native species for use in restoration seedings in the more and portions of the Great Basin. Seedlings of desert needlegrass were grown in a greenhouse with 5 different densities of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.). The densities of cheatgrass used in the greenhouse experiments were derived from sampling populations in the field where desert needlegrass is adapted and seedling recruitment is desired. Cheatgrass is known to close sites to the establishment of seedlings of perennial grasses through competition for moisture. The response variable was height of desert needlegrass shoots. Height measurements were taken weekly for 12 weeks following seedling emergence. During the first 5 weeks following emergence there were no significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) differences in the height of desert needlegrass seedlings among treatments. From week 5 through week 12, there was a highly significant (P less than or equal to 0.001) difference in the height of desert needlegrass shoots between the control and all levels of cheatgrass density. Reducing the density of cheatgrass seedlings in the greenhouse to the equivalent of 25% of the density present in the field still did not allow the establishment of the perennial grass seedlings. Even though desert needlegrass is adapted for natural establishment in the drier portions of the central Great Basin, some form of cheatgrass control is required for the perennial grass seedling establishment if cheatgrass is present. Cheatgrass control has to be more than a reduction in density, it has to be near complete control of the annual grass. C1 USDA ARS, Exot & Invas Weed Management Res Unit, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Rafferty, DL (reprint author), Nevada Dept Agr, 350 Capital Hill, Reno, NV 89502 USA. NR 14 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 55 IS 1 BP 70 EP 72 DI 10.2307/4003265 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511YW UT WOS:000173295200010 ER PT J AU Eneboe, EJ Sowell, BF Heitschmidt, RK Karl, MG Haferkamp, MR AF Eneboe, EJ Sowell, BF Heitschmidt, RK Karl, MG Haferkamp, MR TI Drought and grazing: IV. blue grama and western wheatgrass SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bouteloua gracilis; Pascopyrum smithii; production; rainout shelter; rest; water potential ID 2 TUSSOCK GRASSES; JAPANESE BROME; SOIL-WATER; DEFOLIATION; RESPONSES; PRAIRIE; TERM AB An understanding of the impacts of grazing during and following drought on rangeland ecosystems is critical for developing effective drought management strategies. This study was designed to examine the effects of drought and grazing on blue grama [Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K) Lag. ex Griffiths] and western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii Rydb. (Love)] tiller growth dynamics. Research was conducted from 1993 to 1996 at the Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory located near Miles City, Mont. An automated rainout shelter was used during 1994 to impose a severe late spring to early fall (May to October) drought on 6 of twelve, 5- x 10-m non-weighing lysimeters. Twice replicated grazing treatments were: 1) grazed both the year of (1994) and the year after (1995) drought; 2)grazed the year of and rested the year after drought; and 3) no grazing either year. Drought had minimal impact on tiller relative growth rates of plants grazed twice, although it reduced (P less than or equal to 0.01) rates of axillary tiller emergence for blue grama (79%) and western wheatgrass (91 %), respectively. Defoliation periodically increased relative growth rates (P less than or equal to 0.05) and tiller emergence (P less than or equal to 0.01) of both species. Neither drought nor grazing affected tiller densities or tiller replacement rates of either species nor did they affect productivity of blue grama. Drought, however, reduced (P less than or equal to 0.01) productivity of western wheatgrass 50% in 1994 whereas grazing reduced productivity (P less than or equal to 0.01) by 46% in 1994 and 69 % in 1995. Moderate stocking levels (40-50% utilization) during and after drought did not adversely affect the sustainability of these dominant native grasses. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 55 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.2307/4003266 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511YW UT WOS:000173295200011 ER PT J AU Hendrickson, JR Berdahl, JD AF Hendrickson, JR Berdahl, JD TI Intermediate wheatgrass and Russian wildrye responses to defoliation and moisture SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE (Psathyrostachys juncea); (Thinopyrum internzedium); biomass; tiller recruitment; axillary buds ID WATER-STRESS; GRASSES; HERBIVORY; REGISTRATION AB Perennial forage grasses in the Northern Great Plains are often grazed under water-limiting conditions. The effects of defoliation and soil moisture dynamics on herbage yield, tiller recruitment and number of crown positions for 2 perennial forage grasses were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment at Mandan, N.D. Intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkw. & D.R. Dewey] and Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski] were grown at 75, 50, or 40% of field capacity and left as undefoliated controls or defoliated at 10-day intervals to an 8- or 4-cm stubble height. Cumulative, herbage yield exhibited defoliation level by soil moisture (P = 0.0001) and species by defoliation (P = 0.007) interactions. Yield decreased with increasing defoliation intensity at 75 and 50% of field capacity, but at 40% of field capacity only the most intense defoliation level was significantly, affected. Russian wildrye produced more herbage (1.97 g plant) than intermediate wheatgrass (1.36 g plant(-1)) under severe defoliation level. Increased defoliation intensity (P = 0.0001) but not water availability (P > 0.05) decreased tiller numbers. Pooled across all treatments, Russian wildrye produced 10 tillers per plant and intermediate wheatgrass produced 7 (P = 0.0001). This may partially explain Russian wildrye's greater grazing tolerance. The number of crown positions (potential axillary bud sites in the bottom 20mm of the plant) was similar between species suggesting that increased tiller numbers in Russian wildrye occurred because its axillary buds were more readily activated than intermediate wheatgrass. Moderate and severe defoliation reduced the number of crown positions on parent seedlings to only 62 and 50% of the number of crown positions of control seedlings, respectively. Water stress decreased (P = 0.004) number of crown positions at 40% of field capacity but only when crown positions of both parent and daughter tillers were pooled. In this experiment, defoliation had a greater effect than water stress. Moisture level mainly affected tiller size not numbers. The interaction between defoliation and water stress should be examined in field studies to foster improved management of these 2 grasses. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Hendrickson, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 55 IS 1 BP 99 EP 103 DI 10.2307/4003270 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511YW UT WOS:000173295200015 ER PT J AU Han, H Bleyer, AJ Houser, RF Jacques, PF Dwyer, JT AF Han, H Bleyer, AJ Houser, RF Jacques, PF Dwyer, JT TI Dialysis and nutrition practices in Korean hemodialysis centers SO JOURNAL OF RENAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID RENAL-DISEASE PATIENTS; MORTALITY; MORBIDITY; SURVIVAL AB Objective: Survey the dialysis practices and nutritional status-related patient characteristics. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Twenty-eight randomly selected Korean hemodialysis facilities. Methods: Medical record review of 140 randomly selected patients in 28 Korean dialysis facilities. The Student t test and chi-square tests were used to compare facility types and locations. Results: The mean number of dialysis treatments per week was 2.7 +/- 0.4. Mean dialysis treatment length was 253 +/- 27.5 minutes. Rural dialysis centers reported fewer treatments per week and shorter dialysis treatment times than did urban centers but, otherwise, there were few differences by either location (urban v rural) or by facility type (hospital affiliated v freestanding facility). The mean age of the patients surveyed by record review was 51 14 years, and 59% of the patients were men. The primary causes of end-stage renal disease were chronic glomerulonephritis, hypertension, and diabetes. Average vintage of dialysis was 53 46 months. Adequacy of dialysis was usually assessed by using clinical judgment; urea kinetic modeling and urea reduction ratios were used less frequently. Patients' mean body mass index was 20.7 +/- 2.3, which was at the lower end of the healthy range of 18.5 to 25, and most (93%) of their weights had been stable over the previous 6 months. Their mean serum albumin level was 4.0 +/- 0.4 g/dL. Forty-two percent of patients used iron supplements and 68% of them received erythropoietin treatment. However, their mean hernatocrit levels were only 25.9% 4.2%, suggesting that iron supplements were underused or erythropoietin doses were lower than optimal. Virtually all patients (94%) had received initial diet instruction but few (6%) received follow-up nutrition counseling. Conclusion: Greater attention to dialysis adequacy, hematocrit levels, nutrition assessment, weight monitoring, and diet therapy are recommended. (C) 2002 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. C1 Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Frances Stem Nutr Ctr, Div Nephrol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Baptist Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Nephrol Sect, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Sch Nutr Sci & Policy & Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Han, H (reprint author), Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Frances Stem Nutr Ctr, Div Nephrol, 750 Washington St,Box 783, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1051-2276 J9 J RENAL NUTR JI J. Renal Nutr. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 42 EP 48 DI 10.1053/jren.2002.29534 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics; Urology & Nephrology SC Nutrition & Dietetics; Urology & Nephrology GA 521KF UT WOS:000173838600006 PM 11823993 ER PT J AU Pruski, FF Nearing, MA AF Pruski, FF Nearing, MA TI Runoff and soil-loss responses to changes in precipitation: A computer simulation study SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE climate change; erosion; global change; hydrology ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; EROSION; CLIGEN; MODEL AB Changes in precipitation have occurred over the past century and are expected to continue over the next century. These changes will have significant implications for runoff, soil erosion, and conservation planning. This study was undertaken to investigate how runoff and soil erosion by water can be expected to be altered as a function of changes in the average number of days of precipitation per year and changes in the amount and intensity of the rain that falls on a given day. The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model was used to simulate erosion for three locations, three soils, three slopes, and four crops. Average annual precipitation was changed +/-10% and +/-20% by changing either a) the number of wet days per year, b) the amount and intensity of precipitation per day, or c) a combination of the two. Results indicated that, on average, each 1% change in average annual precipitation induced a 1.28%, 2.50%, and 1.97% change in runoff and a 0.85%, 2.38%, and 1.66% change in soil loss for the three types of precipitation changes, respectively. Comparisons of the results of the soil-loss simulations to published relationships for Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) R-factors in the United States suggest that the third option of changing both the number of wet days per year and the amount and intensity of precipitation per day is the most realistic scenario for representing changes in precipitation for hydrologic studies. C1 Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Agr Engn, Vicosa, MG, Brazil. ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN USA. RP Pruski, FF (reprint author), Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Agr Engn, Vicosa, MG, Brazil. NR 19 TC 73 Z9 79 U1 4 U2 20 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 57 IS 1 BP 7 EP 16 PG 10 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 537AL UT WOS:000174734000020 ER PT J AU Silhacek, D Murphy, C Arbogast, RT AF Silhacek, D Murphy, C Arbogast, RT TI Behavior and movements of Indian meal moths (Plodia interpunctella Hubner) during commodity infestation SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE egg laying; Indian meal moth; mating behavior; moth behavior; moth distribution; moth movement; Plodia interpunctella; spatial analysis AB A model warehouse with carefully regulated environmental conditions was used to study the behavior of adult Indian meal moths during commodity infestation. Sequences of moth distributions in the warehouse, calculated by spatial analysis, clearly showed the coordinated movements of moth populations from eclosion to death. Many facets of adult behavior in a warehouse were coordinated with the photoperiod. Adult moths emerged at the end of a photophase and fairly rapidly moved to the walls and, to a lesser extent, to the undersides of the commodity pallets. Most females are mated in the first 24 h after emergence, largely during the scotophase. Air circulation within the warehouse probably compromised pheromone-directed guidance of males to females, although pheromones may still have a major role in regulating other aspects of male mating behavior. When mating subsided, many of the males flew upwind to the air circulating unit, but only during the photophases. The females moved to the return air side of the warehouse and then migrated towards the same end as the males, but only during the scotophases. They moved from pallet to pallet largely by walking on the warehouse floor and laid eggs in or on the cups of commodity. Direct oviposition on the commodity during the infestation period was lower than expected, probably because commodity odors were dissipated by air circulation and did not provide appropriate orientation. At 144 h after emergence, 90% of the moth population had died. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Silhacek, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med & Vet Entomol, POB 14656, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2002 VL 39 IS 2 BP 171 EP 184 AR PII S0022-474X(01)00051-0 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 628EM UT WOS:000179979700005 ER PT J AU Arthur, FH Dowdy, AK AF Arthur, FH Dowdy, AK TI Impact of high temperatures on efficacy of cyfluthrin and hydroprene applied to concrete to control Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cyfluthrin; heat; Tribolium castaneum; hydroprene; control ID FLOUR BEETLES COLEOPTERA; STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH; WETTABLE POWDER; TENEBRIONIDAE; TOXICITY; INSECTICIDES; PYRETHROIDS; INTERVALS; WHEAT AB In laboratory trials, concrete was treated with cyfluthrin wettable powder (WP) at 40 mg active ingredient [AI] cyfluthrin WP/m(2), then heated for 4, 8, or 16 h at either 45degreesC or 55degreesC, or treated but not heated (seven treatment combinations). Bioassays were conducted by exposing adult Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) for 0.5, 1, and 2 h. Survival of T castaneum was generally greater on unheated concrete compared with the heating treatments, and survival appeared to decrease as heating time increased at both 45degreesC and 55degreesC. In a second laboratory trial, concrete was treated with hydroprene (Gentrol) at the label rate of 1.9 x 10(-3) mg [AI]/cm(2), and bioassayed by exposing late-instar T. castaneum larvae on the treated surface. There were significant differences between untreated controls and the heat treatment regimes (P < 0.05) with respect to the percentage of live emerged adults, the percentage of those adults with deformities, and the percentage of dead adults, but heating did not reduce efficacy of hydroprene. In a 2 field trial, concrete was treated with cyfluthrin at 2 mg [All cyfluthrin WP/m(2), and placed in a flour mill undergoing an experimental heat treatment and in an unheated office. Treated concrete was bioassayed by continually exposing adult T castaneum for 0.5-120 h. The effect of heating time on insect mortality was not significant (P greater than or equal to 0.05). Except for T. castaneum exposed for 0.5h, the percentage of beetle survival on unheated concrete was greater (P < 0.05) than survival on concrete that had been heated in the mill, indicating a possible beneficial effect on cyfluthrin toxicity due to heating. Results of these studies show that short-term exposures to high temperatures may have no appreciable effect on efficacy of either cyfluthrin WP or hydroprene, and combination treatments of heat plus either of these insecticides may be effective alternatives to methyl bromide for disinfesting milling facilities. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. USDA, APHIS, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2002 VL 39 IS 2 BP 193 EP 204 AR PII S0022-474X(01)00053-4 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 628EM UT WOS:000179979700007 ER PT J AU Arthur, FH AF Arthur, FH TI Efficacy of a volatile formulation of hydroprene (Pointsource (TM)) to control Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE volatile hydroprene; control; Tribolium castaneum; Tribolium confusum ID GERMAN-COCKROACH DICTYOPTERA; INSECT GROWTH-REGULATORS; HORMONE ANALOGS; BLATTELLIDAE; FENOXYCARB AB Three- and 4-week-old Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle, and Tribolium confusum (du Val), the confused flour beetle, were exposed at five different temperature-relative humidity (r.h.) combinations to a volatile formulation of the insect growth regulator (IGR) hydroprene (called Pointsource(TM)). Typical effects associated with IGR exposure, such as arrested larval growth, morphological deformities in adults, twisted and deformed wings, and incomplete adult emergence were produced in both species. Tribolium castaneum and T. confusum were susceptible to Pointsource(TM), but T. castaneum appeared to be the more susceptible species. More 3-week-old larvae of both species were arrested in that stage compared to the 4-week-old larvae. Nearly all of the 3- and 4-week-old T. castaneum larvae that were able to complete development to the adult stage quickly died after they emerged and were grossly morphologically deformed. In contrast, some emerged adult T. confusum remained alive after they emerged and were not deformed in any manner or had only twisted and incomplete wings. A greater percentage of larvae of both species were arrested in the larval stage and more adults died after they emerged in exposure studies conducted at 32degreesC, 75% r.h. as compared with 32degreesC, 30% r.h., but the reverse was true for exposures conducted at 27degreesC. Pointsource(TM) appears to have excellent potential for use in controlling Tribolium species within indoor facilities. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Arthur, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2002 VL 39 IS 2 BP 205 EP 212 AR PII S0022-474X(01)00054-6 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 628EM UT WOS:000179979700008 ER PT J AU Throne, JE Doehlert, DC McMullen, MS AF Throne, JE Doehlert, DC McMullen, MS TI Susceptibility of commercial oat cultivars to Cryptolestes pusillus and Oryzaephilus surinamensis SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Avena sativa; C. pusillus; host plant resistance; oats; O. surinamensis; stored products; trichomes ID RESISTANCE; PARAMETERS; VISCOSITY; SLURRIES; GRAIN; FARM AB Susceptibility to two storage insect pests [(Cryptolestes pusillus (Schonherr) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.)] of eight commercial oat cultivars from the United States was determined in laboratory studies. Duration of insect development was shorter and number of progeny produced was greater on cracked than on whole oats. Simulations based on data from the study showed that insect populations would reach the threshold level for treatment in 2-3 months of storage at 30degreesC on cracked oats. Insect population development was slowest on the hulless cultivar Paul when the oat kernels were cracked. Simulations also indicated that all cultivars of whole oats tested could be stored for at least 1 yr at 30degreesC without reaching the threshold for treatment when infested with these two species of insects, and insect populations would decrease over time on the cultivars Don, Jerry, Milton, NewDak, Otana, and Valley. Analyses of oat grain quality characteristics, including kernel weight, groat hardness, and groat composition, provided little insight into the mechanism of observed differences in insect development among cultivars. Hardness of the kernels (as indicated by % broken groats after dehulling) may be related to near immunity to these two species of insects in whole Otana. Steaming whole oats to inactivate hydrolytic enzymes in the trichomes of the pericarp did not increase susceptibility to these two species of insects, suggesting that enzymes in the trichomes were not responsible for insect population development being slower on whole oats than on cracked oats. Although we were unable to identify the factors that determined relative susceptibility in this study, the results will be useful for selecting commercial oat cultivars for planting that will be less susceptible to insect pests in storage and suggest that the economics of cleaning oats before storage to reduce insect population growth should be investigated. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Throne, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2002 VL 39 IS 2 BP 213 EP 223 AR PII S0022-474X(01)00055-8 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 628EM UT WOS:000179979700009 ER PT J AU Dowdy, AK Fields, PG AF Dowdy, AK Fields, PG TI Heat combined with diatomaceous earth to control the confused flour beetle (Coleoptera : Tenebrionidae) in a flour mill SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE diatomaceous earth; heat treatment; Tribolium confusum; flour mill ID TEMPERATURE; EFFICACY AB An alternative to methyl bromide fumigation for controlling stored-product insects in food processing facilities is to heat part or all of a facility to 50-60 degreesC for 20-30 h. However, some equipment or structures cannot tolerate these conditions, or it is difficult or expensive to attain these high temperatures. It may be possible to reduce the temperature requirements necessary for effective control by using a desiccating dust, such as diatomaceous earth (DE), in combination with the heat treatment. The objectives of this study were to examine the combined impact of high temperature and DE on the mortality of Tribolium confusum (du Val) in a flour mill environment and to evaluate the effects of DE application rate on insect mortality in a mill environment during heat treatment. In areas of the mill where temperatures were in excess of 47 degreesC, DE applications of 0.3 g/m(2) in combination with heat were no more effective than the heat treatment alone. At higher application rates, the DE was more effective. In cooler areas, adult beetles exposed to DE died sooner than insects not exposed to the insecticidal dust. These results indicate that application of DE in areas that cannot be heated to 47 degreesC is effective for controlling T. confusum in a flour mill. A comparison is made with a parallel study conducted in Canada. Crown Copyright (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Fields, PG (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Cereal Res Ctr, 195 Dafoe Rd, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M9, Canada. NR 24 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 11 EP 22 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(00)00037-0 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 493MG UT WOS:000172226600002 ER PT J AU Campbell, JF Hagstrum, DW AF Campbell, JF Hagstrum, DW TI Patch exploitation by Tribolium castaneum: movement patterns, distribution, and oviposition SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE red flour beetle; stored products; behavior; patch exploitation; movement; dispersal; oviposition ID FERRUGINEUS STEPHENS COLEOPTERA; REFUGE-SEEKING BEHAVIOR; TENEBRIONIDAE; CUCUJIDAE; DISPERSAL; RESPONSES; BEETLES; FOOD AB Stored-product insects often live in an environment of spatially separated food patches that vary considerably in size, quality, and persistence. The movement of individuals among patches of food influences the probability that stored products will become infested and pest populations will persist within storage facilities, thus affecting many aspects of pest management. We examined how a major stored-product pest, the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), exploits patches of food. Individuals are often inactive, periods of inactivity are often outside of food patches, males are more likely to be inactive outside of flour patches than females, and there is considerable variation among individuals in the time spent outside of patches. Beetles outside of food patches tend to be observed near edges due to a tendency to be inactive at edges, to move along edges, and to move more slowly when moving along edges. This tendency to move along edges makes beetles more likely to infest flour patches near the edges than patches further from the edge. A better understanding of the influence of landscape on pest behavior, spatial distribution, and population dynamics is needed to develop effective stored-product pest IPM programs. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Campbell, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 34 TC 44 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 55 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(00)00042-4 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 493MG UT WOS:000172226600006 ER PT J AU Brader, B Lee, RC Plarre, R Burkholder, W Kitto, GB Kao, C Polston, L Dorneanu, E Szabo, I Mead, B Rouse, B Sullins, D Denning, R AF Brader, B Lee, RC Plarre, R Burkholder, W Kitto, GB Kao, C Polston, L Dorneanu, E Szabo, I Mead, B Rouse, B Sullins, D Denning, R TI A comparison of screening methods for insect contamination in wheat SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE immunoassay; insect infestation in wheat; X-ray; cracking and flotation; insect fragment test AB In collaboration with the United States Department of Agriculture and a number of major milling companies, the "Insect-Detect" immunoassay for analyzing insect contamination in grains has been compared with three more traditional methods, X-ray analysis, cracking and flotation, and the insect fragment test (IFT). Testing was carried out in blind fashion using clean wheat samples that were spiked with differing numbers of grain kernels infested with late instar larvae of the granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius (L.)). Three different laboratories analyzed the samples for each of the four methods. The collaborative trials showed that the insect immunoassay clearly provided the most accurate measurement of actual insect infestation, followed by X-ray analysis. While both cracking and flotation and IFT procedures provided a general measure of contamination, they showed much greater variability. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Biotect Inc, Austin, TX 78758 USA. USDA ARS, Stored Prod Res Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. USDA, Grain Inspect Packers & Stockyard Serv Tech Ctr, Kansas City, MO 64195 USA. ConAgra Grain Proc Co, Omaha, NE 68103 USA. Robin Hood Multifoods Inc, Etobicoke, ON M9W 5Z2, Canada. Fisher Mills Inc, Seattle, WA 98134 USA. ADM Milling Co, Overland Pk, KS 66210 USA. Cereal Food Processors Inc, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Brader, B (reprint author), Biotect Inc, 2007 Kramer Lane 104, Austin, TX 78758 USA. NR 14 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 75 EP 86 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(01)00006-6 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 493MG UT WOS:000172226600008 ER PT J AU Lee, SE AF Lee, SE TI Biochemical mechanisms conferring cross-resistance to fumigant toxicities of essential oils in a chlorpyrifos-methyl resistant strain of Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. (Coleoptera : Silvanidae) SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Oryzaephilus surinamensis; fumigant toxicity; essential oils; cross-resistance; cytochrome P450; carboxylesterase; piperonyl butoxide ID STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS; INSECTICIDES; CUCUJIDAE; INHIBITION; COMPONENTS; AUSTRALIA; PHOSPHINE; FARMS AB The fumigant toxicities of lavender and ylang-ylang essential oils were tested against a chlorpyrifos-methyl resistant strain (QVOS102) and an insecticide-susceptible reference strain (VOS48) of the saw-toothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). The resistant strain showed 1.3- and 1.6-fold higher tolerance against lavender and ylang-ylang fumigation toxicity, respectively, relative to the susceptible strain. LT50 values calculated as the time to attain 50% mortality of tested insects during fumigation were determined at two different concentrations. At 15 mul/l of air, QVOS102 had 2.9- and 1.4-fold higher LT50 values for lavender and ylang-ylang fumigation toxicity, respectively, than VOS48. At 200 mul/l air, QVOS102 had 6.4- and 2.9-fold higher LT50 values for lavender and ylang-ylang fumigation toxicity, respectively, than VOS48. Piperonyl butoxide, a potential inhibitor of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase, increased fumigant toxicities of the two essential oils against QVOS102. The enhanced tolerance for the essential oil may have resulted from the enhancement of detoxifying enzymes associated with insecticide resistance. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Lee, SE (reprint author), ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. OI Lee, Sung-Eun/0000-0001-7690-9956 NR 38 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 BP 157 EP 166 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(01)00013-3 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 502MJ UT WOS:000172747100006 ER PT J AU Flinn, PW Hagstrum, DW AF Flinn, PW Hagstrum, DW TI Temperature-mediated functional response of Theocolax elegans (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae) parasitizing Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera : Bostrichidae) in stored wheat SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Rhyzopertha dominica; parasitoid; Theocolax elegans; biological control; functional response; model; stored grain ID LARVAE AB The functional response of Theocolax elegans (Westwood) parasitizing the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) was examined over a range of temperatures. A type II functional response equation was fitted to each temperature regime. The parasitization rate was highest at 30 degreesC (20 hosts per day) and was lowest at 20 degreesC (2 hosts per day). Handling time was inversely proportional to temperature, and ranged from 1.6 days at 20 degreesC to 0.05 days at 30 degreesC. Instantaneous search rate also changed with temperature. It was lowest at 20 degreesC and highest at 30 degreesC. A temperature-mediated functional response equation was fitted to the data, in which handling time was a quadratic function of temperature. The equation explained 74% of the variance in parasitization rate. Theocolax elegans has a narrower optimal temperature range than other parasitic stored-product Hymenoptera. Temperatures greater than 32.5 degreesC caused high parasitoid mortality. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Flinn, PW (reprint author), ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 11 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 BP 185 EP 190 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(01)00019-4 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 502MJ UT WOS:000172747100009 ER PT J AU Throne, JE Eubanks, MW AF Throne, JE Eubanks, MW TI Resistance of Tripsacorn to Sitophilus zeamais and Oryzaephilus surinamensis SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE host plant resistance; Oryzaephilus surinamensis; Sitophilus zeamais; Tripsacum dactyloides; Tripsacorn; Zea diploperennis ID MAIZE WEEVIL; RELATIVES AB One strategy that has been used to find germplasm for developing improved plant varieties is to test ancestral germplasm for the desired traits. Although the progenitors of commercial maize are not known, a hybrid (called Tripsacorn) developed from a perennial teosinte, Zea diploperennis, and eastern gamagrass, Tripsacum dactyloides, resembles the earliest known samples of primitive domesticated maize. We tested resistance of whole Tripsacorn to the primary storage pest (primary storage pests can infest intact kernels) the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and resistance of ground Tripsacorn to the secondary storage pest (secondary pests usually cannot infest intact kernels) the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). Tripsacorn was immune to attack by S. zeamais. The weevils were unable to lay eggs in the Tripsacorn, and we hypothesized that the hardness of the fruitcase was responsible for lack of weevil oviposition. Oryzaephilus surinarnensis were able to complete immature development on ground Tripsacorn, but duration of development was longer and weight of emerged adults was less than for beetles developing on wheat. Hardness of the fruitcase may have been a primitive mechanism of defense against insects and other pests, but probably would not be an acceptable trait in commercial varieties. It remains to be determined whether the possible antibiotic effect demonstrated in ground Tripsacorn would be a useful trait in commercial maize hybrids. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Throne, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2002 VL 38 IS 3 BP 239 EP 245 AR PII S0022-474X(01)00018-2 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(01)00018-2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 535GT UT WOS:000174637400004 ER PT J AU Epsky, ND AF Epsky, ND TI Feeding bioassay for stored-product insect pests using an encapsulated food source SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sitophilus oryzae; Tribolium castaneum; Oryzaephilus surinamensis; feeding behavior; encapsulated food AB A procedure that was developed to encapsulate liquid and semiliquid diets was used to encapsulate dry diet for use in a feeding bioassay for beetles that are pests of stored products. Vacuum was used to form Parafilm((R)) into numerous 6mm diameter wells. The wells were filled with clean sand (control) or ground dry dog food (test), and the Parafilm sealed to produce individual pellets. A single pellet was then placed in the center of a 9 cm diameter Petri dish and feeding activity of groups of ten adults of Sitophilus oryzae (L.), the rice weevil; Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), the sawtoothed grain beetle; and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle, was tested. The number of insects on the encapsulated pellet and the amount of food or sand scattered were checked hourly for the first 8 h of the study and after 24 h. Few insects were observed on pellets containing sand and little or no sand was observed scattered outside of the pellet, so the presence of dog food in the pellet was needed for insects to feed on the pellet. In tests with encapsulated dog food, the amount of food scattered provided a better quantitative measure of feeding than the number of insects on the pellet. Insects that were starved for 48 h caused greater amounts of food scatter than insects starved for 24 h prior to the test. In direct comparisons among all three species, T. castaneum responded the most slowly and the bioassay may be improved by increasing the amount of time starved. Sitophilus oryzae responded very quickly and the entire pellet was essentially consumed within the first 4-5 h of the study. The encapsulated diets provide a promising method to evaluate feeding behavior of stored-product insect pests. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Epsky, ND (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW,23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2002 VL 38 IS 4 BP 319 EP 327 AR PII S0022-474X(01)00025-X DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(01)00025-X PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 570PT UT WOS:000176667200001 ER PT J AU Dorner, JW Cole, RJ AF Dorner, JW Cole, RJ TI Effect of application of nontoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and A-parasiticus on subsequent aflatoxin contamination of peanuts in storage SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE groundnut; Arachis hypogaea; warehouse; biological control ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PREHARVEST AFLATOXIN; FIELD APPLICATION; POPULATIONS; TAMARII AB Experiments were conducted to determine the potential for biological control of aflatoxin contamination of peanuts during storage. Florunner peanuts were treated in field plots by applying competitive., nontoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, at 76 and 67 days after planting in 1998 and 1999. respectively. After harvest, half the peanuts from both treated and control plots were sprayed with an aqueous conidial suspension containing the nontoxigenic strains; the other half of the peanuts from each group were not sprayed. The peanuts were then placed in separate compartments of a miniature warehouse. Therefore, storage treatments consisted of peanuts that were (1) not treated at all; (2) treated prior to storage only; (3) field-treated only; (4) treated both in the field and prior to storage. Peanuts were stored for 3-5 months under high temperature and relative humidity conditions designed to promote aflatoxin contamination. In 1998, peanuts were not contaminated with aflatoxins prior to storage. After storage, peanuts that were never treated with the competitive fungi contained an average of 78.0 ppb of aflatoxins. Peanuts not treated in the field but receiving the spray treatment before storage contained 48.8 ppb. Peanuts treated in the field only averaged 1.4 ppb, and peanuts treated both in the field and prior to storage contained 0.8 ppb. In 1999, peanuts suffered from late-season drought and were contaminated with aflatoxins at harvest, with controls averaging 516.8 ppb compared with 54.1 ppb in treated peanuts. After storage, non-field-treated peanuts averaged 9145.1 ppb compared with 374.2 ppb for peanuts that had been field-treated, a 95.9% reduction. Spraying of pods with the nontoxigenic strains postharvest but prior to storage provided no additional protection against aflatoxin contamination. Results demonstrated that field application of the nontoxigenic strains had a carry-over effect and reduced aflatoxin contamination that occurred in storage. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Dorner, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. NR 24 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2002 VL 38 IS 4 BP 329 EP 339 AR PII S0022-474X(01)00035-2 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(01)00035-2 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 570PT UT WOS:000176667200002 ER PT J AU Arbogast, RT Kendra, PE Mankin, RW McDonald, RC AF Arbogast, RT Kendra, PE Mankin, RW McDonald, RC TI Insect infestation of a botanicals warehouse in north-central Florida SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE botanicals; herbs; saw palmetto; passion-flower; stored-product insects AB The insect populations of a botanicals warehouse in north-central Florida were studied to gain a better understanding of insect problems associated with stored botanicals and to identify measures that could be taken to mitigate the problems. The warehouse contained either dried saw palmetto berries, Serenoa repens (Bartram) Small, or dried passion-flower (maypop) vines, Passiflora incarnata (L.), depending on the season. Insect populations were monitored intermittently for one year using arrays of moth and beetle traps. Capture rate, relative abundance, and spatial distribution of different species were examined over time. The six most abundant species in order of abundance were: Cadra cautella (Walker), Lasioderma serricorne (F.), Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauvel), Typhaea stercorea(L.), Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). All of these appear capable of infesting saw palmetto, but the major pests were C. cautella and L. serricorne. Oryzaephilus mercator and P. interpunetella were also important, but T. castaneum and T. stereorea were minor. Passion-flower was a less suitable host than saw palmetto for all of the species except T. stercorea. Nevertheless, all of the six species infesting saw palmetto except O. mercator were captured in numbers sufficient to indicate that they were also capable of infesting passionflower. Lasioderma serricorne was the major pest. Spatial analysis of trap captures revealed that the insect distributions changed as different botanicals were brought in, removed, or redistributed in the storage area. Potential measures to mitigate insect problems in stored botanicals are discussed, including spatial targeting of insect control and sanitation efforts. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Symbiont Biol Pest Management, Sugar Grove, NC 28679 USA. RP Arbogast, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 16 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2002 VL 38 IS 4 BP 349 EP 363 AR PII S0022-474X(01)00037-6 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(01)00037-6 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 570PT UT WOS:000176667200004 ER PT J AU Wang, S Tang, J Johnson, JA Hansen, JD AF Wang, S Tang, J Johnson, JA Hansen, JD TI Thermal-death kinetics of fifth-instar Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE navel orangeworm; thermal-death kinetics; heat treatment; activation energy; heating block; insect pest; phytosanitary treatment ID NAVEL ORANGEWORM LEPIDOPTERA; INDIANMEAL MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; INSECT PESTS; CODLING MOTH; TEPHRITIDAE; HEAT; WALNUTS; TORTRICIDAE AB Information on kinetics for thermal mortality of navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is needed for developing post-harvest phytosanitation thermal treatments of walnuts. Thermal-death kinetics for fifth-instar navel orangeworms were determined at temperatures between 46degreesC and 54degreesC at a heating rate of 18degreesC min(-1) using a heating block system. Thermal-death curves for fifth-instar navel orangeworms followed a 0.5th-order of kinetic reaction. The time required to achieve 100% mortality (N-0 = 600) decreased with increasing temperature in a logarithmic manner. Complete kill of 600 insects required a minimum exposure time of 140, 50, 15, 6, and 1 min at 46degreesC, 48degreesC, 50degreesC, 52degreesC, and 54degreesC, respectively. The reaction rate (k) was affected by treatment temperatures following an Arrhenius relationship. The activation energy for thermal kill of fifth-instar navel orangeworms was estimated to be between 510 and 520 kJ mol(-1). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Tang, J (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 213 LJ Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012; Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 NR 30 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2002 VL 38 IS 5 BP 427 EP 440 AR PII S0022-474X(01)00046-7 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(01)00046-7 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 588VT UT WOS:000177723100003 ER PT J AU Wang, S Ikediala, JN Tang, J Hansen, JD AF Wang, S Ikediala, JN Tang, J Hansen, JD TI Thermal death kinetics and heating rate effects for fifth-instar Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE thermal death time; kinetics; heating block; heating rate; codling moth; quarantine treatment ID CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; QUARANTINE TREATMENT; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; TEPHRITIDAE; MORTALITY; EGGS AB Thermal death kinetic parameters of fifth-instar codling moths (Cydia pomonella (L.)) and the effect of three heating rates (1degreesC min(-1), 10degreesC min(-1), and 18degreesC min(-1)) on larval mortality were determined by a heating block system. The insects were heated to four temperatures (46degreesC, 48degreesC, 50degreesC, and 52degreesC) held for predetermined periods followed by 24 h storage at 4degreesC before mortality evaluation. Thermal death kinetics for fifth-instar codling moths followed a 0.5th order of kinetic reaction. Minimum time required to achieve 100% mortality of a given population decreased with temperature in a semi-logarithmic manner. No larval survival was observed in samples of 600 insects after exposure to 46degreesC, 48degreesC, 50degreesC, and 52degreesC for 50, 15, 5, and 2 min, respectively. Activation energy for thermal kill of fifth-instar codling moths at the heating rate of 18degreesC min(-1) was estimated to be about 472 kJ mol(-1). The lethal time accumulated during the ramp period was about 1.8, 0.2, and 0.1 min for the heating rates of 1degreesC min(-1), 10degreesC min(-1), and 18degreesC min(-1), respectively. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Tang, J (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 213 LJ Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012; Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 NR 33 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2002 VL 38 IS 5 BP 441 EP 453 AR PII S0022-474X(01)00047-9 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(01)00047-9 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 588VT UT WOS:000177723100004 ER PT J AU Menon, A Flinn, PW Dover, BA AF Menon, A Flinn, PW Dover, BA TI Influence of temperature on the functional response of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae), a parasitoid of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera : Bostrichidae) SO JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE functional response; Anisopteromalus calandrae; Rhyzopertha dominica; temperature; host density ID CURCULIONIDAE; POPULATIONS; CUCUJIDAE; DYNAMICS; LARVAE; WEEVIL; CORN AB The functional response of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) parasitizing 4th-instar Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) on wheat was estimated over a range of temperatures and host densities. A functional response equation was used in which a quadratic component that included temperature was substituted for handling time. The instantaneous search rate increased with increasing temperatures. The maximum rate of parasitization was 13 larvae/24 h at 30degreesC and 35degreesC. Handling time was lowest at 30degreesC and highest at 20degreesC. The ability of A. calandrae to find and parasitize R. dominica over a broad range of temperatures makes it a good candidate for natural control of stored grain pests. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. USDA ARS, N Cent Reg, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Flinn, PW (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, 201 Shellenberger Hall, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RI Flinn, Paul/B-9104-2013 NR 21 TC 23 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-474X J9 J STORED PROD RES JI J. Stored Prod. Res. PY 2002 VL 38 IS 5 BP 463 EP 469 AR PII S0022-474X(01)00050-9 DI 10.1016/S0022-474X(01)00050-9 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 588VT UT WOS:000177723100006 ER PT J AU Reddy, KN AF Reddy, KN TI Weed control and economic comparisons in soybean planting systems SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE drilled; conventional tillage; herbicide; narrow row; net return; no-tillage; weed biomass; weed control ID GLYCINE-MAX; NARROW-ROW; POSTEMERGENCE HERBICIDES; SEEDING RATES; ENVIRONMENTS; SOIL AB A 3-yr field study was conducted in 1997, 1998, and 1999 at Stoneville, Mississippi, to study the effects of soybean planted in 19-cm (narrow) rows/high density (NR-HD) as compared to 57-cm (medium) rows/medium density (MR-MD) and 95-cm (wide) rows/low density (WR-LD) on weed control, yield, and net return under conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) systems with preemergence (PRE) only, postemergence (POST) only, or PRE + POST herbicide programs. Control of eight major weeds was at least 82% regardless of planting system. Soybean planted in NR-HD system resulted in 65% and 78% less total weed biomass as compared to soybean in MR-MD and WR-LD system, respectively, 10 wk after planting. Soybean planted in NR-HD system produced 8% and 27% higher yield compared to soybean planted in MR-MD and WR-LD system, respectively. Net returns were similar between NR-HD and MR-MD systems ($151 to 159/ha), but were higher than in WR-LD system ($106/ha). With the exception of yellow nutsedge, control of all weed species studied was 90% or better regardless of herbicide program. Control of yellow nutsedge ranged from 85% to 91% among herbicide programs. Overall, total weed biomass was lower with PRE + POST (520 kg/ha) as compared to a PRE (1460 kg/ha) or POST (1450 kg/ha) only program. The PRE + POST program gave higher soybean yield (2100 kg/ha) and the yield reduction was 9% to 10% with either a PRE only or POST only program. Net returns were lowest from the PRE + POST ($112/ha) program as compared to PRE only ($153/ha) or POST only ($138/ha) program. Weed control, total weed biomass, and soybean yield were similar for CT and NT systems. This research showed that yield advantage of NR-HD system was partly due to improved weed control. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Reddy, KN (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2002 VL 21 IS 2 BP 21 EP 35 DI 10.1300/J064v21n02_04 PG 15 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 624LN UT WOS:000179761300003 ER PT J AU Kindiger, B Conley, T AF Kindiger, B Conley, T TI Competition and survival of perennial cool-season grass forages seeded with winter wheat in the Southern Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE perennial; cool-season; companion crop; wheat; grass forages ID QUALITY AB Domestic wheat is the standard winter and spring forage of the Southern Great Plains forage-livestock production system; however, cool-season perennial forage grasses can also become an integral component of this grazing system for livestock producers. Typically, following a mid-September sowing date, only 30-40 growing days are available for cool-season grass establishment. As a consequence, a one year growing season, without livestock grazing pressures, is necessary to provide good stand establishment of the perennial cool-season species. The opposite is true for the case where cool-season annuals like winter wheat or rye can be grazed fairly heavily following a period of stand establishment. The inability of a livestock producer to heavily graze a newly sown perennial cool-season grass forage pasture provides not only a loss of land resources for grazing, but limits the sites where a cattleman can sow pasture to cool-season species and continue to graze his livestock. This study was conducted to determine if perennial cool-season grass forages could compete and become established when inter-seeded with winter wheat as a companion species. Stand counts were performed on each three replicate plots of eighty-two perennial cool-season cultivars and experimental germplasms to determine stand establishment and seedling survival rates. Depending on the species, stand counts of plants per m(2) obtained in the fall of 2001 ranged from 0, with no survival, to a value of 40, which indicates a 100%, fully established stand. Results from this study indicate that crested wheatgrass, tall wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, smooth bromegrass and western wheatgrass, when inter-seeded and under competition with winter wheat, can be successfully established and provide grazing resources for livestock producers in the Southern Plains during the first year of sowing. C1 ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biol, Oklahoma City, OK 73106 USA. RP Kindiger, B (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. OI Kindiger, Bryan/0000-0002-2938-3653 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2002 VL 21 IS 1 BP 27 EP 45 DI 10.1300/J064v21n01_05 PG 19 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 598HT UT WOS:000178270700004 ER PT J AU O'Neill, MK Angima, SD Duinker, B Okoba, B AF O'Neill, MK Angima, SD Duinker, B Okoba, B TI Fodder production from contour hedges in the central Kenyan highlands SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE agroforestry; sustainable agriculture; soil and water conservation; Sub-Saharan Africa; fodder production; Napier grass; Pennisetum purpureum; Calliandra calothyrsus AB The highlands of central Kenya are characterized by a bimodal rainfall distribution (600 to 2,000 mm yr(-1)), gently to steeply rolling topography, and a high population density (500 to 800 persons km(-2)) that has led to the exploitation of decreasingly productive lands and increased soil erosion. Most farmers in the central highlands practice mixed fanning, with dairy production under cut and carry systems the predominant livestock enterprise. This trial was established in 1993 to investigate the potential for incorporating fodder producing contour hedges into a maize cropping system. Maize production was reduced in treatments that contained Napier grass hedges, either pure or in combination with calliandra. The pure calliandra hedge was not competitive with maize. Seasonal runoff and soil loss were not significantly different between treatments during most seasons although these factors were quantitatively greater in the no-hedge control than in the hedge treatments. Fodder production was generally greater in Napier grass and combination hedge treatments. Maximum fodder production occurred in the pure Napier grass hedge during the sixth season. Over the experimental period, crude protein production was greatest in the combination hedge treatment. The combination of Napier grass and calliandra provides a sustainable agroforestry technology for soil and water conservation and the production of high-quality fodder for dairy farmers. (C) 2002 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Agr Sci Ctr, Farmington, NM 87499 USA. ICRAF, Nairobi, Kenya. Purdue Univ, Soil Eros Res Lab, USDA, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Wageningen Univ Agr, Dept Forestry, Wageningen, Netherlands. Wageningen Univ Agr, Dept Soil, Wageningen, Netherlands. Wageningen Univ Agr, Dept Water Conservat, Wageningen, Netherlands. Kenya Agr Res Inst, Natl Agroforestry Res Project, Embu, Kenya. RP O'Neill, MK (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Agr Sci Ctr, POB 1018, Farmington, NM 87499 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2002 VL 20 IS 3 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1300/J064v20n03_06 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 587RP UT WOS:000177656600005 ER PT J AU Watkins, KB Lu, YC Teasdale, JR AF Watkins, KB Lu, YC Teasdale, JR TI Long-term environmental and economic simulation of alternative cropping systems in Maryland SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cover crops; economic returns; erosion; herbicide; nitrogen; no-tillage; organic; phosphorus; simulation ID NO-TILLAGE CORN; WINTER COVER CROPS; GRAIN PRODUCTION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; MID-ATLANTIC; NITROGEN; DISCHARGES; WATERSHEDS; NUTRIENTS; ROTATION AB No-tillage systems are used to control soil erosion and water runoff on sloping cropland, but these systems, which rely heavily on herbicides and commercial fertilizers, may contribute to nutrient and herbicide contamination of water, air, and other ecosystems. This study simulated the long-term economic and environmental impacts of using alternative grain production systems for control of soil erosion and/or reducing chemical inputs. The EPIC (Environmental Policy Integrated Climate) biological process simulation model was used to simulate crop yields, soil erosion, herbicide losses, nitrogen and phosphorus losses, and economic returns for six cropping systems over a 60-year period. The simulation results indicated that average gross margins were highest for a cover crop-based, no-tillage system corn/soybean (Zea mays L./ Glycine max L. Mer.) rotation with zero preplant fertilizer nitrogen inputs (US$322/ha), a no-tillage corn/soybean rotation with recommended inputs (US$314/ha), and a two-year organic corn/wheat (Triticum aestirum L.)/soybean rotation (US$301/ha). In term of simulated environmental impacts, the cover crop-based system with zero fertilizer nitrogen inputs produced less soil erosion, nitrogen loss, and herbicide loss than systems employing recommended inputs. The organic two-year rotation also produced lower nitrogen loss than either recommended system but produced the highest phosphorus loss and the second highest level of soil erosion. (C) 2002 by The Haworth Press, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Lu, YC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 007,Room 012,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 5 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2002 VL 20 IS 4 BP 61 EP 82 DI 10.1300/J064v20n04_05 PG 22 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 588CF UT WOS:000177682600004 ER PT J AU Brauer, D AF Brauer, D TI Botanical composition and soil characteristics of grasslands in the central Appalachian region SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE soil nutrients; legume; white clover; red clover ID WHITE CLOVER; ACIDIC SOILS; HILL-LANDS; GROWTH; NITROGEN AB Sustainability of grasslands results from complex interactions involving climate, soil, and forage and livestock management. Soils from the central Appalachian region are acidic and thus unlikely to support legume production without substantial soil fertility management. A survey was conducted to determine if the level of legume forages in central Appalachian grasslands was sufficient for sustainable productivity and if the levels of soil nutrients are sufficient to maintain legumes. Results from this survey indicated that the soil in most fields had adequate levels of plant nutrients for satisfactory forage legume production; however, most fields had sub-optimal levels of forage legumes. These results suggest that increases in the abundance of legume forages in the central Appalachian grassland will occur with changes in livestock and forage management rather than increasing soil fertility.(C) 2002 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Brauer, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2002 VL 20 IS 3 BP 69 EP 79 DI 10.1300/J064v20n03_07 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 587RP UT WOS:000177656600006 ER PT J AU Seybold, CA Hubbs, MD Tyler, DD AF Seybold, CA Hubbs, MD Tyler, DD TI On-farm tests indicate effects of long-term tillage systems on soil quality SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE soil quality; field kit; soil quality indicators; no-tillage; soil management; on-farm tests ID AGGREGATE STABILITY KIT; ASSESSMENTS; CARBON; HEALTH; SCALE; TIME AB To sustain productivity and environmental quality, an awareness of the impacts our management systems are having on soil quality is needed. The soil quality test kit is an on-farm tool that has been developed for conservationists and farmers to track changes in soil quality. The use of the kit was demonstrated by comparing soil quality on long-term no-till versus conventional tillage systems on a silt loam soil in Tennessee. The no-till management system had significantly improved surface soil properties over the conventionally tilled management system at this site. The no-till management system had higher infiltration rates, more stable aggregates, a lower soil respiration rate, a greater resistance to slaking, greater earthworm numbers, and a greater water content in the 0-7.6 cm soil depth. The soil quality test kit was able to distinguish differences in soil properties on this long-term management comparison. The kit is a good on-farm tool for use in comparison of relative differences in surface soil properties. (C) 2002 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soil Qual Inst, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soil Qual Inst, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, W Tennessee Expt Stn, Jackson, TN 38301 USA. RP Seybold, CA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soil Qual Inst, ALS Bldg,Room 3017, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2002 VL 19 IS 4 BP 61 EP 73 DI 10.1300/J064v19n04_07 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 535EV UT WOS:000174633000006 ER PT J AU Feldhake, CM AF Feldhake, CM TI Beneficial spectral characteristics of red and black raspberry plants (Rubus idaeus and Rubus occidentalis) SO JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE agroforestry; glaucous; hydrophobic; reflectance; pubescence ID LEAF AB Raspberry naturally occurs in association with trees as a forest border species, thus is ideally adapted for species-diverse agroforestry systems. In spite of thriving in relatively low solar radiation environments, some red (European) and black (North American) raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. and Rubus occidentalis L.) plant surfaces arc highly reflective, both species on leaf abaxial surfaces and black raspberry on cane surfaces. Cane surface color varies from green to red. The objective Of this Study was to quantify plant spectral characteristics in order to assess their potential ecological significance. Leaf reflectance and transmittance were determined using a spectroradiometer with integrating sphere and regulated light source. Reflected irradiance from leaves and canes was measured under natural sunlight with a microscopic lense attachment. Reflectance of abaxial leaf surfaces was 4.3 and 5.3 times greater than abaxial leaf surfaces for red and black raspberry, respectively. This amounted to 27 and 29%, of possible reflectance for red and black raspberry compared to a white standard. The glaucus coating on black raspberry canes reflected nearly 50% as much as a white standard. The red color of cane surfaces was due to higher absorption of green and yellow wavelengths rather than increased red reflection. The variety of spectral strategies employed suggest a sophisticated system of protection from pests, disease, herbivores, ultraviolet radiation, oxygen free radicals, and extreme moisture conditions. C1 ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Feldhake, CM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1044-0046 J9 J SUSTAIN AGR JI J. Sustain. Agric. PY 2002 VL 19 IS 3 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.1300/J064v19n03_07 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 531FQ UT WOS:000174405700005 ER PT J AU Gregg, D AF Gregg, D TI Update on classical swine fever (hog cholera) SO JOURNAL OF SWINE HEALTH AND PRODUCTION LA English DT Article AB Classical swine fever (CSF), commonly known in the United States as hog cholera, is a highly contagious viral disease of swine caused by a Pestivirus related to bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) and border disease virus (BDV) of sheep. Virulence varies from mild to severe. Most current outbreaks are associated with moderately virulent strains.(1) The classic virulent disease is now rather uncommon. Classic highly virulent disease characteristically presents with high fever, extreme lethargy, hemorrhages in numerous organs, neurological signs, leukocytopenia, and high mortality. Moderately virulent disease causes high fever, mild lethargy, mild hemorrhages in lymphoid organs, transient leukocytopenia (or none), and low mortality.(2) Recovered pigs may have a chronic disease with intermittent fever and poor reproductive performance. Pigs born of infected sows may be persistently infected and carry the virus for life, but with no immune response. The virus can also be transmitted in semen to sows. An outbreak of moderately virulent CSF may go undiagnosed for months due to its mild nature and few lesions. C1 USDA, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, NVSL, APHIS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Gregg, D (reprint author), USDA, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, NVSL, APHIS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC SWINE PRACTITIONERS PI PERRY PA 902 1ST AVE, PERRY, IA 50220-1703 USA SN 1537-209X J9 J SWINE HEALTH PROD JI J. Swine. Health Prod. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 10 IS 1 BP 33 EP 37 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 505LQ UT WOS:000172914600009 ER PT J AU Fisher, JO Mitchell, DC Smiciklas-Wright, H Birch, LL AF Fisher, JO Mitchell, DC Smiciklas-Wright, H Birch, LL TI Parental influences on young girls' fruit and vegetable, micronutrient, and fat intakes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CHILDRENS FOOD PREFERENCE; EATING BEHAVIORS; CONSUMPTION; ADOLESCENTS; PREDICTORS; STUDENTS; MODELS; MEAL; FIT AB Objective To evaluate parents' fruit and vegetable intake and their use of pressure to eat in child feeding as predictors of their 5-year-old daughters' fruit and vegetable, micronutrient, and fat intakes. Subjects Data were obtained from 191 non-Hispanic white families with 5-year-old girls. Design Parent data included reports of pressure in child feeding and their own fruit and vegetable intake. Girls' intakes of fruits and vegetables, selected micronutrients, and fat were the main outcomes of interest. Statistical analysis Structural equation modeling was used to test a model describing relationships among parents' fruit and vegetable intake, parents' use of pressure in child feeding, and daughters' fruit and vegetable, micronutrient, and fat intakes. Results The model provided a good fit to the data, revealing that girls' fruit and vegetable intake was positively related to their parents' reported fruit and vegetable intake. Parents who consumed fewer fruits and vegetables tended to report greater pressure in child feeding and had daughters who consumed fewer fruits and vegetables. Girls' reported fruit and vegetable intakes were positively related to their micronutrient intakes and negatively associated with fat intake. Applications/conclusions This research demonstrates that parents' own fruit and vegetable intake may encourage fruit and vegetable intake in their daughters, leading to higher micronutrient intakes and lower dietary fat intakes. Conversely, pressure to eat may discourage fruit and vegetable intake among young girls. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Birch, LL (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, 211 Henderson S Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD032973, R01 HD32973, R01 HD032973-06] NR 45 TC 257 Z9 259 U1 17 U2 46 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 102 IS 1 BP 58 EP 64 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 508ZQ UT WOS:000173120000016 PM 11794503 ER PT J AU Biresaw, G Adhvaryu, A Erhan, SZ Carriere, CJ AF Biresaw, G Adhvaryu, A Erhan, SZ Carriere, CJ TI Friction and adsorption properties of normal and high-oleic soybean oils SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE adsorption; adsorption isotherm; boundary additive; boundary lubrication; coefficient of friction; free energy of adsorption; high-oleic soybean oil; methyl laurate; soybean oil; vegetable oil ID BOUNDARY LUBRICATION AB The steel/steel boundary friction properties of soybean oil (SBO) and high-oleic soybean oil (HOSBO) are compared. HOSBO is significantly more saturated than SBO and more oxidatively stable. Changes in degree of unsaturation affect lateral interactions of adsorbate molecules, which in turn affects their adsorption and, hence, their boundary lubrication properties. To investigate this possibility, the free energies of kadsorption (DeltaG(ads) of SBO, HOSBO, and methyl laurate (ML) were determined from the analysis of friction-derived adsorption isotherms using the Langmuir and Temkin adsorption models. The results showed a stronger adsorption for the vegetable oils than for ML, an indication of multiple interactions between the ester groups of the triglycerides and the steel surface. The result also showed no difference in the DeltaG(ads) values of SBO and HOSBO obtained using either the Langmuir or Temkin models. This was interpreted as an indication of the lack of appreciable net lateral interaction between triglyceride adsorbates. C1 USDA, ARS, NCAUR, Biomat Proc Res Units, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA, ARS, NCAUR, Oil Chem Res Units, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Biresaw, G (reprint author), USDA, ARS, NCAUR, Biomat Proc Res Units, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 22 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 79 IS 1 BP 53 EP 58 DI 10.1007/s11746-002-0434-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 520RT UT WOS:000173795500009 ER PT J AU Pomper, KW Layne, DR Jones, SC AF Pomper, KW Layne, DR Jones, SC TI Incident irradiance and cupric hydroxide container treatment effects on early growth and development of container-grown pawpaw seedlings SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Asimina triloba; biomass partitioning; chlorophyll; root to shoot ratio; shade; Kentucky banana; Cu(OH)(2) ID NORTH-AMERICAN PAWPAW; TREATED CONTAINERS; ASIMINA-TRILOBA; GREEN ASH; CHLOROPHYLL; RESPONSES; RADIATION; SHADE; TREES; GERMINATION AB The North American pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] has great potential as a fruit crop or as a landscape plant. The influence of incident irradiance on pawpaw seedling growth and development in containers was examined in the greenhouse and outdoors. Root spiraling can be a problem for container-grown pawpaw seedlings; therefore, the influence of paint containing cupric hydroxide [Cu(OH)(2)] at 100 g.L-1 applied to the interior of containers on plant growth was also examined in a greenhouse environment. In pawpaw seedlings grown outdoors for 11 weeks, low to moderate shading levels of 28%, 51%, or 81% increased leaf number, total leaf area, and total plant dry weight (DW) compared to nonshaded seedlings. A shading level of 81% decreased the root to shoot ratio by half compared to nonshaded plants. Shading of 98% reduced leaf number, leaf size, and shoot, root, and total plant DW. Shading increased leaf chlorophyll a and b concentrations for pawpaw seedlings grown outdoors, while it decreased average specific leaf DW (mg.cm(-1)). In a separate greenhouse experiment, pawpaw seedlings subjected to shade treatments of 0%, 33%, 56%, 81%, or 98% did not respond as greatly to shading as plants grown outdoors. Greenhouse-grown plants had greater total and average leaf area under 33% or 56% shading than nonshaded plants; however, shading >56% reduced root, shoot, and total plant DW. Total shoot DW was greater in greenhouse grown plants with 33% shading compared to nonshaded plants. Pawpaw seedlings in control and most shade treatments (33% to 81%) in the greenhouse environment had more leaves and greater leaf area, as well as larger shoot, root, and total plant DW than seedlings in similar treatments grown outdoors. The greenhouse environment had a 10% lower irradiance, a 60% lower ultraviolet irradiance, and a significantly higher (1.23 vs. 1.20) red to far-red light ratio than the outdoors environment. Treatment of container interiors with Cu(OH)(2) decreased total and lateral root DW in nonshaded seedlings, and it adversely affected plant quality by causing a yellowing of leaves and reduction of chlorophyll levels by the end of the experiment in shaded plants. Growth characteristics of pawpaw seedlings were positively influenced by low to moderate shading (28% or 51%) outdoors and low shading (33%) in the greenhouse. Seedlings did not benefit from application of Cu(OH)(2) to containers at the concentration used in this study. Commercial nurseries can further improve production of pawpaw seedlings using low to moderate shading outdoors. C1 Kentucky State Univ, Land Grant Program, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Pomper, KW (reprint author), Kentucky State Univ, USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Asimina Sp, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 127 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 501AB UT WOS:000172659900002 ER PT J AU Connor, AM Luby, JJ Tong, CBS Finn, CE Hancock, JF AF Connor, AM Luby, JJ Tong, CBS Finn, CE Hancock, JF TI Genotypic and environmental variation in antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and anthocyanin content among blueberry cultivars SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vaccinium sp.; blueberry breeding; genotype x environment interaction ID NEURONAL SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; RED WINE; BEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; DIETARY FLAVONOIDS; VEGETABLE INTAKE; HUMAN PLASMA; RISK; CAPACITY AB Dietary antioxidants may have a role in preventing some of the chronic diseases in humans resulting from free radical oxidation of lipids and other cellular components. Blueberries (Vaccinium L. sp.) are considered one of the best fresh fruit sources of antioxidants, and there is the potential to increase the antioxidant activity further through breeding. Thus, the variability of fruit antioxidant activity (AA) was examined among a set of 16 highbush and interspecific hybrid cultivars grown at locations in Minnesota (MN), Michigan (Nil), and Oregon (OR) over 2 years (1998 and 1999) to determine effects or genotype, year, and location. Nine cultivars were common to all three locations in both years. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPH), and total anthocyanin content (ACY), were determined in triplicate samples from each genotype. Cultivars differed significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) in AA, TPH, and ACY both within and over locations. The single location mean AA for all cultivars changed significantly between the 2 years in OR and in MI, while the single location mean for TPH differed between the 2 years in MN and MI. Changes in cultivar rank were significant for AA,TPH, and ACY between years within each location. Significant changes in rank for TPH and ACY were also noted between pairs of locations as well. Pearson's correlation for AA (based on cultivar means) appeared highest between MN and OR (r = 0.90) and MN and MI (r = 0.69) in 1998; correlations between locations for the combined years were 0.74 for MN and OR, 0.55 for MN and MI and 0.45 for MI and OR. For the group of nine cultivars, AA correlated well with TPH within each location, with r ranging from 0.67 to 0.95 for data from individual and combined years. Correlation of AA with ACY at each location was lower than that for AA with TPH, in both individual and combined years. This study demonstrates significant genotype x environment interaction for AA in blueberry. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Connor, AM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, 1970 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 39 TC 112 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 127 IS 1 BP 89 EP 97 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 501AB UT WOS:000172659900014 ER PT J AU Schwarz, PB Jones, BL Steffenson, BJ AF Schwarz, PB Jones, BL Steffenson, BJ TI Enzymes associated with Fusarium infection of barley SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS LA English DT Article DE amylase; beta-glucanase; fungi; proteinase; xylanase ID WHEAT; MALT; GRAMINEARUM; PROTEASES; PROTEINS; KERNELS; QUALITY AB Infection of barley with species of Fusarium has been reported to decrease malt yield, wort beta-glucan, and viscosity and to increase wort soluble nitrogen, free amino nitrogen, and color. These changes are suggestive of the presence of active fungal enzymes, and the objective of this research was to determine whether proteolytic or cell wall degrading enzymes were associated with Fusarium-infected barley. Barley was inoculated with Fusarium graminearum and F. poae in the greenhouse to reduce contamination with other microorganisms. Control samples were inoculated with distilled water only. Mature harvested grain was screened for the presence of endoproteinase, endoxylanase, and beta-glucanase. Inoculated barley was found to contain considerable amounts of proteinase and beta-glucanase, whereas only a trace of these activities were detected on the control samples. Malts prepared from these samples showed correspondingly elevated free amino nitrogen levels and reduced levels of wort beta-glucans. Inoculated barley also displayed significant amounts of endoxylanase, wih no activity being detected in the controls. The results strongly suggest that fungi associated with the Fusarium head blight infection of barley contribute beta-glucanase, xylanase, and proteinase activities to the grain. Further, the enzyme levels appear to be such that they may affect the quality of the malt and its consequent wort. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Cereal & Food Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Schwarz, PB (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Cereal & Food Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. OI Steffenson, Brian/0000-0001-7961-5363 NR 27 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER SOC BREWING CHEMISTS INC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0361-0470 J9 J AM SOC BREW CHEM JI J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. PY 2002 VL 60 IS 3 BP 130 EP 134 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 585FW UT WOS:000177515600009 ER PT J AU Friedman, AN Bostom, AG Levey, AS Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J Pierratos, A AF Friedman, AN Bostom, AG Levey, AS Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J Pierratos, A TI Plasma total homocysteine levels among patients undergoing nocturnal versus standard hemodialysis SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPERIENCE AB Mild hyperhomocysteinemia, a putative risk factor for arteriosclerotic outcomes, is seen in >85% of hemodialysis patients. Therapeutic strategies, including pharmacologic-dose B vitamin supplementation and "high-flux" or "super-flux" hemodialysis, have consistently failed to normalize total homocysteine (tHcy) levels in these patients. Predialysis plasma tHcy levels in 23 patients who were undergoing nocturnal hemodialysis (NHD) six or seven nights/wk were compared with those in 31 patients from the same Canadian dialysis unit who were undergoing chronic standard hemodialysis (SHD) (all <65 yr of age, undergoing thrice-weekly treatments). The SHD patients were similar to typical North American chronic hemodialysis patients with respect to B vitamin status and albumin, creatinine, and tHcy levels. Geometric mean tHcy levels for the NHD patients were significantly lower (12.7 versus 20.0 M, P<0.0001), as was the prevalence of mild-to-moderate hyperhomocysteinemia (>12 muM; NHD, 57%; SHD, 94%; P=0.002). Analysis of covariance adjusted for plasma folate, vitamin B-12, and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate levels, age, and gender confirmed that NHD was independently associated with 6.0 muM lower geometric mean tHcy levels (P=0.001). It is concluded that tHcy levels are significantly lower among NHD patients, compared with SHD patients. Clinical trials will be necessary to confirm that NHD is effective in reducing tHcy levels among patients with dialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Boston, MA USA. Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Renal Dis, Providence, RI USA. Univ Toronto, Humber River Reg Hosp, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Friedman, AN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St,Room 829, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 19 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1046-6673 J9 J AM SOC NEPHROL JI J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 13 IS 1 BP 265 EP 268 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 504ZZ UT WOS:000172887400036 PM 11752047 ER PT J AU Shimizu, N Sandra, K Barton, F Fujita, M Ishikawa, N Oda, S Kimura, T Ohtsubo, K AF Shimizu, N Sandra, K Barton, F Fujita, M Ishikawa, N Oda, S Kimura, T Ohtsubo, K TI Measurement of total dietary fiber in milled barley using near-infrared transmittance spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-NIPPON SHOKUHIN KAGAKU KOGAKU KAISHI LA Japanese DT Article AB Whole-grain milled barley (n = 56) was scanned using a near-infrared transmittance spectroscopy (NIT) (850-1048 nm) and total dietary fiber (TDF) was determined fur each cultivar by AOAC enzymatic-gravimetric method (Method 991.43). The validation statistics of PLS models using calibration (n=28) and validation (n=28) sets were the standard error of performance (SEP) of 0.89similar to1.03, the coefficient of determination (R-2) of 0.83similar to0.88, Bias of -0.25similar to0.17 and the ratio of the SEP to the standard deviation of the original data (RPD) of 2.5similar to2.9. This method could be applied to rough screening in barley breeding programs. C1 Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058572, Japan. Natl Food Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058642, Japan. USDA ARS, RRC, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Natl Agr Res Org, Natl Inst Crop Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058518, Japan. Natl Agr Res Org, Natl Agr Res Ctr, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 7218514, Japan. Agr Forestry & Fisheries Res Council, Tokyo 1008950, Japan. RP Shimizu, N (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058572, Japan. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN SOC FOOD SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY PI IBARAKI-KEN PA 2-1-12 KANNONDAI TSUKUBA-SHI, IBARAKI-KEN, 305-8642, JAPAN SN 1341-027X J9 J JPN SOC FOOD SCI JI J. Jpn. Soc. Food Sci. Technol.-Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi PY 2002 VL 49 IS 9 BP 620 EP 623 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 598RT UT WOS:000178290800009 ER PT J AU Elliott, KJ Hitchcock, SL Krueger, L AF Elliott, KJ Hitchcock, SL Krueger, L TI Vegetation response to large scale disturbance in a southern Appalachian forest: Hurricane Opal and salvage logging SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hurricane; windthrow; treefall; regeneration; herbaceous species ID PLANT-SPECIES DIVERSITY; OLD-GROWTH FOREST; CATASTROPHIC WIND; CANOPY GAPS; HERB LAYER; PATTERNS; REGENERATION; SUCCESSION; UNDERSTORY; DYNAMICS AB Disturbance such as catastrophic windthrow can play a major role in the structure and composition of southern Appalachian forests. We report effects of Hurricane Opal followed by salvage logging on vegetation dynamics (regeneration, composition, and diversity) the first three years after disturbance at the Coweeta hydrologic Laboratory in western North Carolina. The objective of this study was to compare species composition and diversity of understory and groundlayer species in a hurricane + salvage logged (H+S) forest to an adjacent undisturbed forest. Abundance of groundlayer species was much higher in the H+S forest than in the undisturbed forest, and abundance increased over time. Percent cover, density, and species richness were significantly higher in the H+S forest than in the undisturbed forest. In addition, percent cover increased by approximately 85% between 1997 and 1999 in the H+S plots. Shannon's index of diversity (H') based on percent cover was significantly higher in the H+S forest than the undisturbed forest by the third year after disturbance. However, there was no significant difference in H' based on density between H+S forest and the undisturbed forest in either year. In the undisturbed forest, 59 species and 50 genera represented 30 families. By 1999 (the third year after disturbance), the H+S forest retained 93 species, 72 genera and 42 families. The Asteraceae and Liliaceae had the highest number of species in both sampled forests, with more species of Liliaceae in the H+S plots. Micro-relief created from pit and mound topography from uprooting of windthrown trees, shade from the slash-debris left on site from the salvage logging, and shade from the remaining overstory trees created a mosaic of environmental conditions. This environmental heterogeneity could be responsible for the mix of early (shade intolerant) and late (shade tolerant) successional herbaceous species, and a higher species richness and diversity than the undisturbed forest. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. Furman Univ, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. RP Elliott, KJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, 3160 Coweeta Lab Rd, Otto, NC 28763 USA. NR 44 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 21 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0040-9618 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 129 IS 1 BP 48 EP 59 DI 10.2307/3088682 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 525TF UT WOS:000174086500006 ER PT J AU Gobejishvili, L Saari, JT Adeagbo, ASO Zhang, XD Schuschke, DA AF Gobejishvili, L Saari, JT Adeagbo, ASO Zhang, XD Schuschke, DA TI Dietary copper deficiency increases inducible nitric oxide synthase-mediated vascular dilation in rat aorta SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE nitric oxide; endothelium; vascular smooth muscle ID LONG-EVANS RAT; CALCIUM MOBILIZATION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; MICROCIRCULATION; ACETYLCHOLINE; RELAXATION; HYPERTENSION; VASODILATION; RESTRICTION AB The attenuation of endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation is a consistent finding in both conduit and resistance vessels during copper deficiency. However, there is often no effect on systemic blood pressure in experimental animals, suggesting that peripheral vascular resistance is not altered. We hypothesized that baseline vascular smooth muscle relaxation may be maintained by a chronic increase in inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression, as has been documented in hearts of copper-deficient rats. We used endothelium-denuded rat aortic rings to examine the role of iNOS in the regulation of vascular reactivity during dietary copper deficiency. Male weanling rats were fed a copper-adequate (CuA, 5.6 mg Cu/kg diet) or copper-deficient diet (CuD, 0.33 mg Cu/kg diet) for 4 weeks. The induction of "functional" iNOS was indicated by a relaxation response to the NO precursor L-arginine or to Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), which preserves basal NO. Time to 50% relaxation in response to either compound was significantly shorter in the CuD than in the CuA aortas. The maximal relaxation response to L-arginine was blocked by the iNOS inhibitor L-NIL, and the relaxation response to Cu,Zn-SOD was blocked by the NO-sensitive guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ. Maximal activation of iNOS expression with lipopolysaccharide pretreatment did not cause a difference in vascular relaxation between dietary groups in response to L-arginine. Expression of the iNOS protein in the aortas was also not different between groups. These results suggest that although there is no apparent increase in protein expression, copper deficiency increases baseline iNOS activity in the vascular wall. J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. 15:85-95, 2002. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 Univ Louisville, Hlth Sci Ctr A1115, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. I Beritashvili Inst Physiol, Microcirculat Res Ctr, GE-380060 Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Schuschke, DA (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Hlth Sci Ctr A1115, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 2002 VL 15 IS 2 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1002/jtra.10005 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 547FH UT WOS:000175322000002 ER PT J AU Seaborn, CD Nielsen, FH AF Seaborn, CD Nielsen, FH TI Silicon deprivation and arginine and cystine supplementation affect bone collagen and bone and plasma trace mineral concentrations in rats SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE trace elements; hydroxyproline ID ZINC; METABOLISM; INCREASES; GROWTH; ACID AB Because arginine has been established as an essential amino acid for collagen formation, and several bone-remodeling proteins are rich in cysteine, we performed a study to ascertain whether supplemental arginine (Arg) and cystine (Cys) would affect bone collagen and mineral composition changes in animals deprived of silicon (Si). Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to treatment groups of 12 in a 2 x 2 factorially arranged experiment. The rats were fed for 9 weeks a basal casein-ground corn-corn oil diet containing per g 2 mug Si, 1.7 mg Cys, 4.7 mg methionine, and 7.8 mg Arg. The independent treatment variables, per g fresh diet, were supplemental Si (as sodium metasilicate) at 0 and 35 mug and Cys or Arg at 0 and 12 mg. Silicon deprivation decreased the concentration of hydroxyproline in femur and potassium in vertebra. An interaction between Si and amino acid supplementation affected hematocrit, liver iron concentration, and bone copper and manganese concentrations. In animals deprived of Si, Cys supplementation compared to Arg supplementation depressed hematocrit, liver iron concentration, and tibia and vertebral copper concentrations and increased tibia and vertebral manganese concentrations. On the other hand, in animals fed adequate Si, supplemental Cys compared to supplemental Arg increased hematocrit, liver iron concentration, and tibia and vertebral copper concentrations and decreased tibia and vertebral manganese concentrations. Dietary Si also influenced the effect of Cys on mineral composition of the vertebra. The calcium and phosphorus concentrations in the vertebra were markedly increased by supplemental Cys compared to supplemental Arg when dietary Si was inadequate but had no effect on these concentrations when dietary Si was adequate. These findings indicate that silicon is needed for collagen formation, that high dietary Cys enhances changes induced by Si deprivation in trabecular-rich bone, and that Si nutriture has more impact on trabecular-rich bone than in cortical-rich bone. C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Wisconsin Stout, Menomonie, WI USA. RP Nielsen, FH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0896-548X J9 J TRACE ELEM EXP MED JI J. Trace Elem. Exp. Med. PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1002/jtra.10011 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 573EN UT WOS:000176816500001 ER PT J AU Klevay, LM Wildman, REC AF Klevay, LM Wildman, REC TI Meat diets and fragile bones: Inferences about osteoporosis SO JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bone mineral; calcium; copper deficiency; osteoporosis; Western diet ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; COPPER DEFICIENCY; MECHANICAL STRENGTH; OVARIECTOMIZED RATS; MINERAL DENSITY; PRETERM INFANT; SERUM COPPER; ACCURACY AB Because women supplemented with copper have improved bone density and femurs of rats deficient in copper have decreased mechanical strength, the hypothesis that mice fed meat would have fragile bones was tested. Mice fed sirloin are hypercholesterolemic in comparison to mice fed meat and beef liver because of a relative deficiency of copper compared to zinc. Male, albino, Swiss mice were fed trimmed sirloin or sirloin supplemented with beef liver (3/1 by weight). After 62 days, when hypercholesterolemia was detected, mice were killed and femurs were removed, cleaned and dried. Breaking strength was measured carefully at room temperature. The meat diet produced femurs 23% weaker (8.8 +/- 0.70 N/mg (.) 100 vs 11.4 +/- 0.92, x SE, p < 0.04) in comparison to meat plus liver. Calcium, copper and phosphorus concentrations were unaffected but zinc was mildly elevated in the weak bones (426 +/- 17.5 mug/g vs 355 +/- 9.23, p < 0.002). These elements generally are unaltered in osteoporotic bones. Because copper deficiency produces osteoporosis in animals and people and because the Western diet often is low in copper, further tests of the hypothesis that diets tow in copper contribute to osteoporosis are warranted. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Louisiana Lafayette, Nutr Program, Lafayette, LA USA. RP Klevay, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 69 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0946-672X J9 J TRACE ELEM MED BIO JI J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 149 EP 154 DI 10.1016/S0946-672X(02)80017-7 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 610LH UT WOS:000178961200004 PM 12437150 ER PT J AU Kennard, DK AF Kennard, DK TI Secondary forest succession in a tropical dry forest: patterns of development across a 50-year chronosequence in lowland Bolivia SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disturbance history; forest management; forest structure; secondary forests; species richness; succession; tropical dry forests ID DECIDUOUS FOREST; ECOLOGY AB Stand structure, species richness and population structures of tree species were characterized in 12 stands representing 50 y of succession following slash-and-burn agriculture in a tropical dry forest in lowland Bolivia. Estimates of tree species richness, canopy cover and basal area reached or surpassed 75% of mature forest levels in the 5-, 8-, and 23-y-old stands respectively. Total stem density of the 50-y-old stand was almost twice that of the mature forest stand. This rapid recovery may be due to a high percentage of sprouting tree species, potentially high seed fall into abandoned fields, or the disturbance history of the mature stand. The even-aged size-class structures, dominance of long-lived pioneers, and presence of charcoal and pottery shards in soils of the mature forest stand suggest it formed after a severe disturbance, possibly fire of anthropogenic origin. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Kennard, DK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 29 TC 104 Z9 115 U1 8 U2 25 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 18 BP 53 EP 66 PN 1 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 515FY UT WOS:000173485800003 ER PT J AU Spraker, TR O'Rourke, KI Balachandran, A Zink, RR Cummings, BA Miller, MW Powers, BH AF Spraker, TR O'Rourke, KI Balachandran, A Zink, RR Cummings, BA Miller, MW Powers, BH TI Validation of monoclonal antibody F99/97.6.1 for immunohistochemical staining of brain and tonsil in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) with chronic wasting disease SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID ROCKY-MOUNTAIN ELK; CERVUS-ELAPHUS-NELSONI; WHITE-TAILED DEER; PRION PROTEIN; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; SCRAPIE; DIAGNOSIS; COLORADO; SHEEP AB A new monoclonal antibody (MAb), F99/97.6.1, that has been used to demonstrate scrapie-associated prion protein PrPSc in brain and lymphoid tissues of domestic sheep with scrapie was used in an immunohistochemistry assay for diagnosis of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). The MAb F99/97.6.1 immunohistochemistry assay was evaluated in brain and tonsil tissue from 100 mule deer that had spongiform encephalopathy compatible with CWD and from 1,050 mule deer outside the CWD-endemic area. This MAb demonstrated abnormal protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres) in brains of all of the 100 mule deer and in 99 of the 100 tonsil samples. No immunostaining was seen in samples collected from deer outside the endemic area. MAb F99/97.6.1 demonstrated excellent properties for detection of PrPres in fresh, frozen, or mildly to moderately autolytic samples of brain and tonsil. This immunohistochemistry assay is a sensitive, specific, readily standardized diagnostic test for CWD in deer. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. CFIA, Anim Dis Res Inspect, Nepean, ON K2G 5HP, Canada. Colorado Div Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Spraker, TR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 18 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 BP 3 EP 7 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 513ZQ UT WOS:000173411600001 PM 12680636 ER PT J AU Benson, JE Yaeger, MJ Christopher-Hennings, J Lager, K Yoon, KJ AF Benson, JE Yaeger, MJ Christopher-Hennings, J Lager, K Yoon, KJ TI A comparison of virus isolation, immunohistochemistry, fetal serology, and reverse-transcription polymerise chain reaction assay for the identification of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus transplacental infection in the fetus SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID SYNDROME PRRS VIRUS; PREGNANT SWINE; DIAGNOSIS; SEMEN; IMMUNITY; TISSUES; ANTIGEN; BOARS; SERUM; PCR AB Virus isolation (VI), immunohistochemistry (IHC), fetal serology, and reverse-transcription polymerise chain reaction assay (RT-PCR) were performed on samples from 107 fetuses comprising 10 litters taken from sows experimentally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). In addition to comparing the relative sensitivity and specificity of each test, RT-PCR was evaluated with respect to the relative suitability of thoracic fluids and tissues as samples, the effects of autolysis, and the effects of pooling of fetal specimens. VI, IHC, and fetal serology identified PRRSV infection in 48.6%, 23.4%. and 14.9% of 107 fetuses, respectively, and identified at least 1 infected fetus in 10, 10, and 5 of 10 litters, respectively. In utero death with autolysis reduced the test efficacy of all 3 methods. Fetal thoracic fluid and tissues were equally suitable for RT-PCR detection of PRRSV Pooling fetal tissues or fluids from VI-positive animals with comparable material from negative controls had no detrimental effect on RT-PCR results when evaluated at dilutions of 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, and 1:8. The results of RT-PCR testing were positive in 100%, 94.4%, and 83.3% of VI-positive specimens allowed to autolyze at 4, 21, or 37 C, respectively, for 24, 48, and 96 hours. Compared with the other testing modalities, RT-PCR appeared to be impacted the least by the adverse effects of autolysis. C1 Iowa State Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. S Dakota State Univ, Dept Vet Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50201 USA. RP Benson, JE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 BP 8 EP 14 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 513ZQ UT WOS:000173411600002 PM 12680637 ER PT J AU Wild, CJ Greenlee, JJ Bolin, CA Barnett, JK Haake, DA Cheville, NE AF Wild, CJ Greenlee, JJ Bolin, CA Barnett, JK Haake, DA Cheville, NE TI An improved immunohistochemical diagnostic technique for canine leptospirosis using antileptospiral antibodies on renal tissue SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; PATHOGENIC LEPTOSPIRA; MAMMALIAN INFECTION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; DOGS; LIPOPROTEIN; OMPL1; ANTIGENS; FEATURES AB The purpose of this study was to compare the immunoreactivity in canine renal tissues stained with antisera specific for 3 leptospiral antigens and those processed with traditional staining methods. In addition, immunoglobulin staining was done on tissues with immunoreactivity to leptospiral antigens. Formalin-fixed renal sections from 12 dogs with chronic interstitial nephritis suspected or proven to have leptospirosis (6 dogs with silver-stained leptospires and 6 dogs in which silver-stained leptospires were not detected) were used. Antibodies consisted of a monoclonal antibody to Leptospira kirschneri serovar grippotyphosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 2 polyclonal antibodies to outer membrane proteins, including OmpL1, a leptospiral porin, and LipL41, an outer membrane lipoprotein. The murine monoclonal antisera against LPS (F71C2-1) had the most abundant and consistent immunoreactivity. Immunoreactive areas were present in 6 of 6 sections positive by silver staining and included extracellular granular debris in intertubular areas, debris in macrophages, organisms in tubular lumina, and cytoplasmic granules in tubular epithelia, Antisera with specificity for the outer membrane proteins OmpL1 and LipL41 detected only intact organisms in tubular lumina. Immunoreactivity to OmpL1 (polyclonal 338) occurred in 4 of 5 sections positive by silver staining, but immunoreactivity to LipL41 (polyclonal 813) occurred in only 1 of 6 silver-positive sections. Each of the kidney sections in which leptospiral antigens were detected by immunohistochemistry also was positive by silver staining. Sections negative by silver staining were also negative by immunostaining. Although immunohistochemistry did not enhance sensitivity, amplification of signal by secondary antibody and hematoxylin counterstaining improved the case of diagnosis and allowed better evaluation of tissue morphology than did silver staining methods. IgG was the most abundant immunoglobulin. IgG immunoreactivity occurred predominantly in plasma cells within interstitial infiltrates. Interstitial infiltrates contained abundant immunoreactivity to LPS, but immunoreactivity to OmpL1 and LipL41 was not noted. C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Div Infect Dis, Los Angeles, CA 90073 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Wild, CJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI034431-06, R21 AI034431] NR 29 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 14 IS 1 BP 20 EP 24 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 513ZQ UT WOS:000173411600004 PM 12680639 ER PT J AU Afonso, CL Tulman, ER Lu, Z Zsak, L Osorio, FA Balinsky, C Kutish, GF Rock, DL AF Afonso, CL Tulman, ER Lu, Z Zsak, L Osorio, FA Balinsky, C Kutish, GF Rock, DL TI The genome of Swinepox virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM VIRUS; THYMIDINE KINASE GENE; COMPLETE DNA-SEQUENCE; VACCINIA VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MYXOMA VIRUS; PROTEIN; HOMOLOG; STRAIN; CELLS AB Swinepox virus (SWPV), the sole member of the Suipoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae, is the etiologic agent of a worldwide disease specific for swine. Here we report the genomic sequence of SWPV. The 146-kbp SWPV genome consists of a central coding region bounded by identical 3.7-kbp inverted terminal repeats and contains 150 putative genes. Comparison of SWPV with chordopoxviruses reveals 146 conserved genes encoding proteins involved in basic replicative functions, viral virulence; host range, and immune evasion. Notably, these include genes with similarity to genes for gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) receptor, IFN resistance protein, interleukin-18 binding protein, IFN-alpha/beta binding protein, extracellular enveloped virus host range protein, dUTPase, hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, serpin, herpesvirus major histocompatibility complex inhibitor, ectromelia virus macrophage host range protein, myxoma virus M011L, variola virus B22R, four ankyrin repeat proteins, three kelch-like proteins, five vaccinia virus (VV) A52R-like family proteins, and two G protein-coupled receptors. The most conserved genomic region is centrally located and corresponds to the VV region located between genes F9L and A38L. Within the terminal 13 kbp, colinearity is disrupted and multiple poxvirus gene homologues are absent or share a lower percentage of amino acid identity. Most of these differences involve genes and gene families with likely functions involving viral virulence and host range. Three open reading frames (SPV018, SPV019. and SPV020) are unique for SWPV. Phylogenetic analysis, genome organization, and amino acid identity indicate that SWPV is most closely related to the capripoxvirus lumpy skin disease virus, followed by the yatapoxvirus yaba-like disease virus: and the leporipoxviruses. The gene complement of SWPV better defines Suipoxvirus within the Chordopoxvirinae subfamily and provides a basis for future genetic comparisons. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Afonso, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 45 TC 72 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 76 IS 2 BP 783 EP 790 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.2.783-790.2002 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 506HZ UT WOS:000172965300033 PM 11752168 ER PT J AU Kreeger, TJ Cook, WE Edwards, WH Elzer, PH Olsen, SC AF Kreeger, TJ Cook, WE Edwards, WH Elzer, PH Olsen, SC TI Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccination in elk II. Failure of high dosage to prevent abortion SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE abortion; Brucella abortus; Cervus elaphus; elk; strain RB51; vaccination ID CATTLE; RESPONSES; EFFICACY AB Brucella abortus strain RB51 is used as a vaccine because it induces antibodies that do riot react on standard serologic tests for brucellosis allowing differentiation between vaccination and infection. Strain RB51 was evaluated in captive elk (Cervus elaphus) to determine if vaccination protected against abortion following experimental challenge. Thirty elk were vaccinated intramuscularly with 1.0 X 10(10) colony-forming units (CFU) of strain RB51 in March 1998. Fourteen of these were given a booster dose of 1.13 X 10(10) CFU exactly 1 yr later. All vaccinated elk seroconverted via a modified dot blot assay to strain RB51 with the booster group having higher titers (P less than or equal to0.001). Seventeen other elk served as unvaccinated controls. All elk were bred and determined pregnant using pregnancy-specific protein B analysis. Elk were challenged in March 2000 with 1.1 X 10(7) CFU of B. abortus strain 2308 administered intraconjunctivally and all elk seroconverted to strain 2308. Fifteen of 17 control elk aborted; 16 of 16 ell, given a single vaccination aborted (P = 0.44) and 1:3 of 14 elk given a booster aborted (P = 0.86). There were group and one in the booster group. Strain 2308 was recovered two viable calves in the control groups. Based on the results of this and other studies, from fetuses and nonviable calves in all groups. Based on the results of this and other studies, the use of strain RB51 to prevent abortion in elk cannot be recommended. C1 Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Wheatland, WY 82201 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Vet Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. ARS, Zoonot Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Kreeger, TJ (reprint author), Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, 2362 Highway 34, Wheatland, WY 82201 USA. NR 23 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 27 EP 31 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 518VT UT WOS:000173689100004 PM 11838225 ER PT J AU Creekmore, TE Rocke, TE Hurley, J AF Creekmore, TE Rocke, TE Hurley, J TI A baiting system for delivery of an oral plague vaccine to black-tailed prairie dogs SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bait consumption preference; biomarker efficiency; black-tailed prairie dog; Cynomys ludovicanus; fleas; Opisocrostis hirsutus; physiological markers ID RABIES VACCINE; WILD AB Laboratory and field studies were conducted between July and October 1999 to identify bait preference, biomarker efficacy, and bait acceptance rates for delivering an oral plague vaccine to black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). Twenty juvenile captive prairie dogs were offered alfalfa baits containing either alfalfa, alfalfa and 5% molasses, or alfalfa, 5% molasses and 4% salt. Based on the results of these trials we selected a bait containing alfalfa, 7%, molasses, and 1% salt for field trials to determine bait acceptance rates by free-ranging animals. The biomarkers DuPont Blue dye, iophenoxic acid, and tetracycline hydrochloride were orally administered to captive prairie dogs to determine their efficacy. Only tetracycline proved effective as a biomarker. Two field trials were conducted at separate prairie clog colonies located at the Buffalo Gap National Grassland (Pennington County, South Dakota, USA). In Trial 1, three baits containing tetracycline were distributed around each active burrow entrance and an additional bait was placed inside the burrow (1,236 baits total). In Trial 2, baits were distributed at the same density per burrow as Trial 1, but along transects spaced 10 m apart (1,744 baits total). Trapping began 3 days after bait distribution, and 30 prairie clogs then were captured at each site to determine the percentage of animals marked. In Trial 1, 67% of the prairie dogs captured had tetracycline deposits indicative of bait consumption. In Trial 2, 83% of the prairie dogs had ingested a bait. Approximately 15% of the animals in both trials ate more than one bait. Fleas (Opisocrostis hirsutus) were found on 64 of 70 (91%) of the prairie dogs captured during this study. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI 53711 USA. RP Creekmore, TE (reprint author), Wyoming Dept Hlth, Wyoming State Vet Lab, 1174 Snowy Range Rd, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. OI Rocke, Tonie/0000-0003-3933-1563 NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 32 EP 39 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 518VT UT WOS:000173689100005 PM 11838226 ER PT J AU Raffel, TR Register, KB Marks, SA Temple, L AF Raffel, TR Register, KB Marks, SA Temple, L TI Prevalence of Bordetella avium infection in selected wild and domesticated birds in the eastern USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE birds; Bordetella avium; bordetellosis; serologic survey; turkey ID SP-NOV; TURKEYS; BRONCHISEPTICA AB Bordetella avium is the etiologic agent of bordetellosis, a highly contagious upper respiratory disease of young poultry. Its prevalence among domesticated turkeys is well-known, but information on prevalence of this bacterium in other birds is limited. A survey of the prevalence of B. avium in wild and domesticated birds was conducted from June 1998 to January 2000, using tracheal cultures and serology. Of 237 blood samples from 61 species, 100 individuals from 41 species had antibodies against B. avium as determined with a microtiter agglutination test. Nine isolates of B. avium were cultured from 128 tracheal samples. Ribotype analysis of seven isolates from mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), one from a wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), and one from a Canada goose (Branta canadensis) indicated that they represent three strains, two of which were indistinguishable front clinical isolates from domesticated turkeys. Bordetella avium is present in wild bird populations of multiple species. Transmission from free-living avian populations to domesticated poultry populations may be possible and should be examined. C1 Drew Univ, Madison, NJ 07940 USA. Ohio Wesleyan Univ, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Temple, L (reprint author), Drew Univ, Madison, NJ 07940 USA. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 40 EP 46 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 518VT UT WOS:000173689100006 PM 11838227 ER PT J AU Calle, PP Seagars, DJ McClave, C Senne, D House, C House, JA AF Calle, PP Seagars, DJ McClave, C Senne, D House, C House, JA TI Viral and bacterial serology of free-ranging Pacific walrus SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Brucella; calicivirus; influenza A virus; Leptospira interrogans; Odobenus rosmarus divergens; phocine distemper virus; serologic survey; walrus ID ODOBENUS-ROSMARUS-ROSMARUS; SEALS PHOCA-VITULINA; INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; HARBOR SEALS; MARINE MAMMALS; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTION; BRUCELLA INFECTION; ATLANTIC WALRUS; ARCTIC CANADA AB Serum or heparinized plasma samples were obtained between 1994 and 1996 from 20 male and 20 female adult free-ranging Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) from St. Lawrence Island and Round island, Alaska. Samples were screened for antibodies to some potentially pathogenic bacteria and viruses. No sample had detectable antibody to Brucella spp. Three of 40 (8%) had low antibody titers to Leptospira interrogans scrovars. Phocine distemper virus antibodies were not detected, Serologic responses to one or more caliciviruses (San Miguel sea lion virus 12 or vesicular exanthema of swine serotypes E54, F55, G55, 1934B) were detected in 18% (seven of 40) walrus. Antibodies to one or more subtypes of influenza A virus (H10, N2, N3, N5, N6, N7) were detected in 21% (eight of 38). Periodic screening of free-ranging populations for exposure to infectious diseases has become an important component of bio-monitoring programs to facilitate understanding and detecting trends in marine mammal populations. C1 Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc, New York Aquarium, Brooklyn, NY 11224 USA. Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA, Foreign Anim Dis Diagnost Lab, APHIS, VS,NVSL, Plum Isl, NY 11944 USA. RP Calle, PP (reprint author), Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. NR 49 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 93 EP 100 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 518VT UT WOS:000173689100012 PM 11838234 ER PT J AU Glahn, JF Dorr, B Harrel, JB Khoo, L AF Glahn, JF Dorr, B Harrel, JB Khoo, L TI Foraging ecology and depredation management of great blue herons at Mississippi catfish farms SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Ardea herodias; channel catfish farms; flocking behavior; foraging; great blue heron; Ictalurus punctatus; Mississippi; predation ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; ICTALURUS-PUNCTATUS; PREDATION; FINGERLINGS; FACILITIES; HATCHERIES; BEHAVIOR; IMPACT AB Great blue herons (Ardea herodias) occur at high densities at catfish farms in the southern United States. They are perceived by farmers to prey heavily on fish stocks. After a field study at selected catfish farms in Mississippi, we describe (1) the pond conditions where great blue herons intensively foraged, (2) the prevalence of disease in catfish that were captured by herons, and (3) predation rates and economic effects of herons among selected pond situations. Heron abundance was significantly associated with season and was greatest during the fall (Sep-Oct). We characterized catfish ponds as having high (greater than or equal to6 birds) or low (less than or equal to3 birds) foraging activity by herons and characterized pond type, disease prevalence, and water quality. Categorical models showed a significant association of heron activity with disease prevalence in ponds (diseased) and fingerling ponds. Based on model parameters and associated odds ratios, high heron activity was 6.6 times greater at fingerling ponds than at food-fish ponds, and 40.1 times greater at diseased ponds than at those without diseased fish. This was presumably because fingerlings are a more desirable prey size, and disease makes catfish more vulnerable to heron predation. Based on pathology reports, 85% (n = 55) of the live catfish captured by herons from high-activity ponds were diseased, of which 76% were considered to have a terminal condition. In contrast, 75% (n = 63) of the catfish captured by herons congregated at ponds where catfish were being fed were diagnosed as healthy and only 3 (5%) were considered to have a terminal condition. Although both disease and fish feeding bring catfish to the surface and increase their vulnerability to heron predation, we suggest that heron harassment efforts by farmers be focused during fish feeding when heron capture rates are the highest and the greatest predation on healthy catfish occurs. Based on heron foraging rates, average numbers of herons seen, and the duration of foraging activity, we estimated low expected heron predation losses at catfish ponds over time. Assuming that predation losses observed in this study are representative, we conclude that catfish predation losses from great blue herons are either insignificant or readily preventable. C1 Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Glahn, JF (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, PO Drawer 6099, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. OI Dorr, Brian/0000-0001-6857-8560 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 194 EP 201 DI 10.2307/3802885 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 523CK UT WOS:000173934100020 ER PT J AU Saenz, D Baum, KA Conner, RN Rudolph, DC Costa, R AF Saenz, D Baum, KA Conner, RN Rudolph, DC Costa, R TI Large-scale translocation strategies for reintroducing red-cockaded woodpeckers SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Picoides borealis; red-cockaded woodpecker; reintroduction; simulation modeling; southeastern pine forests; translocation strategies ID FRAGMENTATION AB Translocation of wild birds is a potential conservation strategy for the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis). We developed and tested 8 large-scale translocation strategy models for a regional red cockaded woodpecker reintroduction program. The purpose of the reintroduction program is to increase the number of red-cockaded woodpeckers by moving subadult birds from large populations to smaller populations that are unlikely to increase on their own. A major problem in implementing the program is determining where birds will be moved because the larger donor populations cannot supply enough birds for all small recipient populations each year. Our goals were to develop translocation strategies and model which ones would (1) result in the most groups of wood peckers in a given amount of time, (2) most quickly reach the goal of at least 30 groups of woodpeckers in every population, and (3) result in the fewest population extinctions. We developed lump-sum strategies that moved all the translocated birds to 1 population each year, and partitioning strategies that divided the birds among several populations every year. In our simulations, the lump-sum strategies resulted in the most woodpeckers for the overall program and the highest number of population extinctions. Partitioning strategies had the lowest population extinction rate but produced the lowest rate of increase in the number of woodpecker groups. The model that partitioned birds to the 6 largest recipient populations with fewer than 30 groups was the best overall strategy for meeting our goals because it reached 30 groups in every population the fastest, produced many birds, and had only a moderate population extinction rate. We suggest that adhering to a single strategy that meets the goals of the participants should simplify the program and reduce its cost. C1 US Forest Serv, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, So Res Stn, USDA, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Forest Resources, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Saenz, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, So Res Stn, USDA, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 212 EP 221 DI 10.2307/3802887 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 523CK UT WOS:000173934100022 ER PT J AU Budnik, JM Thompson, FR Ryan, MR AF Budnik, JM Thompson, FR Ryan, MR TI Effect of habitat characteristics on the probability of parasitism and predation of Bell's vireo nests SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Bell's vireo; brown-headed cowbird; cowbird parasitism; grassland-shrub habitat; habitat patch; Missouri; Molothrus ater; nest patch; nest predation; Vireo bellii ID COWBIRD PARASITISM; BROOD PARASITISM; SUCCESS; BIRDS; EDGE AB Because habitat characteristics may influence rates of brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) and nest predation, we investigated the effects of nest-patch and habitat-patch characteristics on brood parasitism and predation of Bell's vireo (Vireo bellii) nests in grassland-shrub habitats in central Missouri, USA. We developed multivariate logistic regression models explaining parasitism and predation from variables measured at 142 and 130 nests, respective. We ranked models based on akaike's Information Criterion (AIC(y)) and reported models that differed by <1 AIC(y) unit from the minimum AIC(y) value as candidates for the best model. We identified 5 candidate models explaining parasitism that included 9-11 variables and R-2 = 0.358-0.386. Nest-patch width, territory shrub cover, distance to crop field, site, year, site x territory shrub cover, nest height x side concealment, patch width x length, and habitat type x patch length were in all models. We identified 5 candidate models explaining predation with 3-5 variables and R-2 = 0.615-0.199. Parasitism status, patch width, and patch length or patch length x site appeared in all models. Overall, our models provide support for hypotheses that increased nest concealment, amount of nest cover, and nest height affect on nest predation and parasitism. Nest-patch width was a factor in most models but in the opposite direction predicted by these hypotheses. Interactions among some variables also produced habitat and site-specific exceptions to predictions by these hypotheses. We hypothesize that the best overall method to increase nest success in existing grassland shrub habitats is to increase the density of large shrub patches. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Budnik, JM (reprint author), Parsons Engn Sci Inc, 400 Woods Mill Rd S,Suite 330, St Louis, MO 63017 USA. EM frthompson@fs.fed.us NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-541X EI 1937-2817 J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 232 EP 239 DI 10.2307/3802889 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 523CK UT WOS:000173934100024 ER PT J AU Burhans, DE Dearborn, D Thompson, FR Faaborg, J AF Burhans, DE Dearborn, D Thompson, FR Faaborg, J TI Factors affecting predation at songbird nests in old fields SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE field sparrow; indigo bunting; microhabitat; Missouri; nest predation; nest site; Passerina cyanea; phenology; snakes; Spizella pusilla; weather ID NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT BIRDS; BEGGING BEHAVIOR; FORAGING ECOLOGY; HABITAT; SUCCESS; POPULATION; NESTLINGS; CONCEALMENT; SELECTION; SPILOIDES AB We determined the effects of microhabitat, year, weather, time of season, stage of the nesting cycle, and brood parasitism on nest predation from a 7-year dataset on field sparrows (Spizella pusilla) and indigo buntings (Passerina cyanea) in central Missouri, USA. Year, site, and the interaction of species and 2-week interval of the season were important factors explaining nest predation. The only microhabitat variable that consistently explained predation was nest height: nests over 3 m high almost always fledged. Validation of the model parameters on an independent set of nests resulted in proper categorization (e.g., lost or not lost to predation) of 61.5% of nests. In models testing weather and temporal effects, year was related to daily survival for indigo buntings, and 2-week interval of the season explained daily survival for both species. Nest predation was higher overall in the nestling stage than in the incubation stage for indigo buntings, and indigo buntings parasitized by brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) experienced higher predation than nonparasitized buntings. Temporal patterns within the breeding season were consistent between years, and between-year variance appeared to be important, whereas microhabitat was generally unimportant. Research on the mechanisms underlying temporal variability in nest mortality due to predation may identify management options to reduce nest predation. C1 Univ Missouri, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, US Forest Serv, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Bucknell Univ, Dept Biol, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. Bucknell Univ, Program Anim Behav, Lewisburg, PA 17837 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Burhans, DE (reprint author), Univ Missouri, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, US Forest Serv, 202 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 53 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 6 U2 31 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 240 EP 249 DI 10.2307/3802890 PG 10 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 523CK UT WOS:000173934100025 ER PT J AU Blackwell, BF Bernhardt, GE Dolbeer, RA AF Blackwell, BF Bernhardt, GE Dolbeer, RA TI Lasers as nonlethal avian repellents SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Anas platyrhynchos; avian repellent; Branta canadensis.; brown-headed cowbird; Canada goose; Columba livia; diode laser; European starling; He-Ne laser; mallard; Molothrus ater; rock dove; Sturnus vulgaris ID COLOR AB Lasers have been demonstrated to be potentially effective avian repellents; however, studies combining adequate controls and replication that test such applications of lasers in wildlife management have not been reported. We conducted 2-choice cage tests to quantify the effectiveness of a 10-mW, continuous-wave, 633-nm laser as a visual repellent (treating a perch) against brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) and European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), and a 68-mW, continuous-wave, 650-nm laser in dispersing (i.e., targeting birds with the laser) starlings and rock doves (Columba livia) from perches and Canada geese (Branta canadensis) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) from grass plots. All experiments were conducted under low ambient light (less than or equal to3 1x) conditions. In 3 experiments with stationary and moving laser beams treating a randomly selected perch, brown-headed cowbirds were not repelled. Similarly, a moving beam did not repel European starlings from treated perches or cause them to disperse when targeted. Rock doves exhibited avoidance behavior only during the first 5 min of 6 80-min dispersal periods. Notably, 6 groups of geese (4 birds/group) exhibited marked avoidance of the beam during 20-min periods (n = 23), with a mean 96% of birds dispersed from laser-treated plots. Six groups of mallards (6 birds/group) also were dispersed ((x) over bar = 57%) from treated plots during 20-min periods (n = 12), but habituated to the beam after approximately 20 min. We contend that lasers will prove useful as avian repellents, but further controlled studies are needed to evaluate species-specific responses relative to laser power, beam type, wavelength, light conditions, and captive versus field scenarios. C1 Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Blackwell, BF (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Ohio Field Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 250 EP 258 DI 10.2307/3802891 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 523CK UT WOS:000173934100026 ER PT J AU Mitsunaga, T Conner, AH Hill, CG AF Mitsunaga, T Conner, AH Hill, CG TI Predicting the hydroxymethylation rate of phenols with formaldehyde by molecular orbital calculation SO JOURNAL OF WOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE chemical computation; ab initio; semi-empirical; phenolic compounds; formaldehyde ID KINETICS; MECHANISMS; RESINS AB The rates (k) of hydroxymethylation of phenol. resorcinol, phloroglucinol, and several methylphenols in diluted 10% dimethylformamide aqueous alkaline solution were calculated based on the consumption of phenols and formaldehyde. The k values of phloroglucinol and resorcinol relative to that of phenol were about 62000 and 1200 times, respectively. The phenols that have methyl or hydroxyl groups at the C-3 or C-5 position (or both) have larger rate constants than phenols with substituents at other positions. Several kinds of atomic charge of the carbons on the aromatic ring of phenols were calculated using the semiempirical or ab initio method. The correlations between the average k (Ave.k) and average electrostatic charges (Ave.q) at the carbons were fairly good. Highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) were observed. The best correlation between Ave.k and Ave.q was obtained when diphenols and triphenols were assumed to exist in solution as their respective di-anion. C1 Mie Univ, Fac Bioresources, Tsu, Mie 5148507, Japan. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Mitsunaga, T (reprint author), Mie Univ, Fac Bioresources, Tsu, Mie 5148507, Japan. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 1435-0211 J9 J WOOD SCI JI J. Wood Sci. PY 2002 VL 48 IS 2 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.1007/BF00767293 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 560AV UT WOS:000176059800011 ER PT J AU Chen, HL Bermudez, OI Tucker, KL AF Chen, HL Bermudez, OI Tucker, KL TI Waist circumference and weight change are associated with disability among elderly Hispanics SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; PHYSICAL-DISABILITY; REGIONAL ADIPOSITY; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; FAT DISTRIBUTION; OLDER ADULTS; RISK-FACTORS AB Background. Studies have suggested that both high and low body mass index (BMI) and weight change are related to functional disability in elderly populations. Elderly Hispanics have a high prevalence of both obesity and disability, yet few studies have examined their interrelationship in this population. Therefore. we examined these relationships in a mostly Puerto Rican group of Hispanic elders. Methods. We investigated associations between a three-level disability score created from responses to a questionnaire on activities of daily living and BMI, waist circumference (WC), and weight change since age 50, using the proportional odds model in a cross-sectional study of 763 elderly Hispanics. aged 60 to 92 years, residing in Massachusetts. Results. After adjusting for potential confounders, men with a WC greater than or equal to109.3 cm (vs <90 cm), or with a reported weight loss of -0.32 to -0.01 kg/year, or a weight gain greater than or equal to0.55 kg/year since age 50 (vs relatively stable weight, -0.01 to +0.21 kg/year [y]) were each significantly associated with an approximately threefold higher risk for greater disability. Women with a BMI :35 kg/m(2) were almost four times as likely to have higher disability as those with a BMI of 20 to 25 kg/m2. Compared with women with a WC less than or equal to85.2 cm, those with a WC of 91.5 to 106.6 cm were two times more likely, and those with a WC 2:106.6 cm were five times more likely, to have higher disability scores. Compared with relatively stable weight (-0.05 to +0.23 kg/y), weight gain greater than or equal to0.23 kg/year was associated with a twofold higher risk of greater disability among women. When BMI and WC were included in the same model, WC, but not BMI, remained significantly associated with disability. Conclusions. Abdominal obesity (WC greater than or equal to109.3 cm for men, or WC greater than or equal to91.5 cm for women) and weight gain greater than or equal to0.55 kg/year after age 50 in men or greater than or equal to0.23 kg/year in women may increase the risk of disability among elderly Hispanics. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tucker, KL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG10425] NR 45 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 4 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 57 IS 1 BP M19 EP M25 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 509RQ UT WOS:000173163800009 PM 11773208 ER PT J AU Habtemariam, T Tameru, B Nganwa, D Ayanwale, L Ahmed, A AF Habtemariam, T Tameru, B Nganwa, D Ayanwale, L Ahmed, A TI Epidemiologic modelling of HIV and CD4 cellular/molecular population dynamics SO KYBERNETES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Congress of the World Organization of the Systems and Cybernetics/4th Workshop of the International-Institute-of-General-Systems-Studies CY MAR 24-26, 2002 CL PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA SP UN, Encyclopedia Life Support Syst DE AIDS; cybernetics; computational model ID IN-VIVO; INFECTION; PROTEASE; AIDS AB Computational models can facilitate the understanding of complex biomedical systems such as in HIV/AIDS Untangling the dynamics between HIV and CD4+ cellular populations and molecular interactions can be used to investigate the effective points of interventions in the HIV life cycle. With that in mind, we have developed a state transition systems dynamics and stochastic model that can be used to examine various alternatives for the control and treatment of HIV/AIDS. The specific objectives of our study were to use a cellular/molecular model to study optimal chemotherapies for reducing the HIV viral load and to use the model to study the pattern of mutant viral populations and resistance to drug therapies. The model considers major state variables (uninfected CD4+ lymphocytes, infected CD4+ cells, replicated virions) along with their respective state transition rates (viz. CD4+ replacement rate, infection rate, replication rate, depletion rate). The state transitions are represented by ordinary differential equations. The systems dynamics model was used for a variety of computational experimentations to evaluate HIV mutations, and to evaluate effective strategies in HIV drug therapy interventions. C1 Tuskegee Univ, Coll Vet Med Nursing & Allied Hlth, CCEBRA, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. APHIS, USDA, PPD, RAS, Riverdale, MD USA. RP Habtemariam, T (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Coll Vet Med Nursing & Allied Hlth, CCEBRA, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMERALD PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0368-492X J9 KYBERNETES JI Kybernetes PY 2002 VL 31 IS 9-10 BP 1369 EP 1379 DI 10.1108/03684920210443572 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA 633MN UT WOS:000180287200018 ER PT J AU Habtemariam, T Tameru, B Nganwa, D Ayanwale, L Ahmed, A Oryang, D AbdelRahman, H Gray, G Cohen, J Kreindel, S AF Habtemariam, T Tameru, B Nganwa, D Ayanwale, L Ahmed, A Oryang, D AbdelRahman, H Gray, G Cohen, J Kreindel, S TI Application of systems analysis in modelling the risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) SO KYBERNETES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Congress of the World Organization of the Systems and Cybernetics/4th Workshop of the International-Institute-of-General-Systems-Studies CY MAR 24-26, 2002 CL PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA SP UN, Encyclopedia Life Support Syst DE cybernetics; risk; modelling; bovine spongiform encephalopathy ID TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; GREAT-BRITAIN; CATTLE HERDS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), widely known as "mad cow disease", has virtually crippled the British livestock industry. Even though, no cases of BSE have been reported in the United States (US), a similar epidemic in the US would be catastrophic. The added concern for the risk of introduction of the human disease called variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease that has been linked to eating meat of BSE infected cattle compounds the risk of BSE. Systems dynamics models based on the underlying transmission pathways of BSE can help to anticipate the spread of this disease in different cattle populations and assist in the evaluation of potential risk migrations for preventing its introduction or controlling its spread if it was introduced With this in mind, an age and health status structured systems dynamics model was developed By making assumptions and setting up feasible scenarios, the model can be used to examine potential prevalence and incidences rates of BSE; the effect of mitigations including changes in feeding habits or rendering processes and/or other policies and regulations designed to prevent the introduction of BSE. The systems dynamics simulation model enabled us to create virtual experiments whose real-world analogues would otherwise be expensive, dangerous, or even impossible to carryout. C1 Tuskegee Univ, Coll Vet Med Nursing & Allied Hlth, CCEBRA, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. APHIS, USDA, PPD, RAS, Riverdale, MD USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Harvard Ctr Risk Anal, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Habtemariam, T (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Coll Vet Med Nursing & Allied Hlth, CCEBRA, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. OI Cohen, Joshua/0000-0003-1737-0991 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMERALD PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0368-492X J9 KYBERNETES JI Kybernetes PY 2002 VL 31 IS 9-10 BP 1380 EP 1390 DI 10.1108/03684920210443581 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA 633MN UT WOS:000180287200019 ER PT B AU DeMeo, T Cleland, DT Davis, C Ferwerda, M Gallegos, AJ Haglund, J Howes, S Keys, J Laing, L Robertson, GT Robbie, WA Rorick, A Shadis, DA Tart, D Winthers, E Fallon, D Padley, E AF DeMeo, T Cleland, DT Davis, C Ferwerda, M Gallegos, AJ Haglund, J Howes, S Keys, J Laing, L Robertson, GT Robbie, WA Rorick, A Shadis, DA Tart, D Winthers, E Fallon, D Padley, E BE Smith, ML TI Towards national landtype association data standards SO LAND TYPE ASSOCIATIONS CONFERENCE: DEVELOPMENT AND USE IN NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, PLANNING AND RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Land-Type-Associations Conference on Development and Use in Natural Resources Management, Planning and Research CY APR 24-26, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Minnesota Ctr Environm Advocacy, Natl Soc Consulting Soil Sci Inc, Natl Areas Assoc, NE State Forest Resource Planners Assoc, Wisconsin Country Foresters Assoc, Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Div Forestry, Univ Wisconsin, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, NE Area State & Private Forestry, USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Nat Resources Invent Grp, Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Wisconsin Geolog & Nat Resources, NE Area Forest Resources Program Leaders, Nat Resources Res Inst, USDA Forest Serv, E Reg AB As landscape analyses become the norm for the next generation of National Forest planning, the need to achieve consistency in mapping ecological units at the landscape, or Landtype Association (LTA) scale, becomes imperative. Using an interdisciplinary team approach, we first make the case for national data standards. We then propose standards to reflect the scale, patterns, and processes of LTAs using four map unit themes: design, delineation, characterization, and validation. We aim for a balance between consistency and the practical need to recognize previous work and the diversity of landscapes across the United States. C1 USDA, Forest Serv Pacific NW Reg, Portland, OR USA. RP DeMeo, T (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv Pacific NW Reg, Portland, OR USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 2002 VL 294 BP 3 EP 10 PG 8 WC Ecology; Forestry; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Physical Geography GA BU89P UT WOS:000177319100001 ER PT B AU Jordan, JK Padley, EA Cleland, DT AF Jordan, JK Padley, EA Cleland, DT BE Smith, ML TI Landtype associations: Concepts and development in lake states national forests SO LAND TYPE ASSOCIATIONS CONFERENCE: DEVELOPMENT AND USE IN NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, PLANNING AND RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Land-Type-Associations Conference on Development and Use in Natural Resources Management, Planning and Research CY APR 24-26, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Minnesota Ctr Environm Advocacy, Natl Soc Consulting Soil Sci Inc, Natl Areas Assoc, NE State Forest Resource Planners Assoc, Wisconsin Country Foresters Assoc, Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Div Forestry, Univ Wisconsin, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, NE Area State & Private Forestry, USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Nat Resources Invent Grp, Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Wisconsin Geolog & Nat Resources, NE Area Forest Resources Program Leaders, Nat Resources Res Inst, USDA Forest Serv, E Reg ID NORTHWESTERN LOWER MICHIGAN; QUANTITATIVE APPROACH; CLASSIFICATION; DISTURBANCE; HARDWOOD; ECOSYSTEMS; WISCONSIN; LANDSCAPE AB Landtype Associations (LTA's) represent one spatial-scale of a hierarchical ecological land classification system developed by the USDA-Forest Service for use in land management planning, analysis, and monitoring and evaluation. The system is described in, "The National Hierarchical Framework of Ecological Units" (ECOMAP 1993). LTA's are the primary spatial-scale used in National Forest planning; information at this level also provides context for project-level activities and content for ecoregional assessments. Mappers in the Lake States have been refining LTA concepts and mapping to better reflect new understanding of landscape ecosystem concepts and spatial hierarchies. LTA's are landscape ecosystems, made up of clusters of interacting finer-scaled patches (Crow 1991). They have emergent properties which are not discernable by observing the function of an individual patch, but are apparent at the broader spatial-scale (Salt 1979). LTA's are conceptually identified based on differentiating criteria, and may be mapped by the "top-down" method of regionalization (Rowe, 1962). Broader-scaled ecosystems are subdivided based on dominant physical factors that control or mediate biotic structure and function at this level. LTA boundaries may be based on climatic, physiographic, or hydrologic features that correspond with changes in vegetative composition or productivity. Often the precise boundary location is difficult to identify, as the dominant environmental factors may occur along a gradient. In cases where ecological boundaries are not discrete, they may be placed along physiographic boundaries or aligned with finer-scaled boundaries of soils or vegetation. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Jordan, JK (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 2002 VL 294 BP 11 EP 23 PG 13 WC Ecology; Forestry; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Physical Geography GA BU89P UT WOS:000177319100002 ER PT B AU Parker, D Whitcomb, L Carr, B Schroeder, H Gobster, P AF Parker, D Whitcomb, L Carr, B Schroeder, H Gobster, P BE Smith, ML TI Human preference for ecological units: Patterns of dispersed campsites within landtype associations on the Chippewa National Forest SO LAND TYPE ASSOCIATIONS CONFERENCE: DEVELOPMENT AND USE IN NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, PLANNING AND RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Land-Type-Associations Conference on Development and Use in Natural Resources Management, Planning and Research CY APR 24-26, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Minnesota Ctr Environm Advocacy, Natl Soc Consulting Soil Sci Inc, Natl Areas Assoc, NE State Forest Resource Planners Assoc, Wisconsin Country Foresters Assoc, Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Div Forestry, Univ Wisconsin, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, NE Area State & Private Forestry, USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Nat Resources Invent Grp, Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Wisconsin Geolog & Nat Resources, NE Area Forest Resources Program Leaders, Nat Resources Res Inst, USDA Forest Serv, E Reg AB Forest Service landscape architects sought a method for determining if people showed a preference for certain landscape-scale ecosystems and if ecological classification units could be used in visual resource management. A study was conducted on the Chippewa National Forest to test whether there was a systematic relationship between dispersed campsite locations and landtype associations (LTA) (most National Forests allow "free-choice" camping; sites with repeated use are inventoried and monitored as "dispersed campsites"). A statistically significant pattern exists in dispersed campsite locations as a function of LTA's. End moraine and sand plain LTA's contain the most campsites, while people apparently show little inclination to pitch their tents in the peatlands and ancient lakeplains. The test reinforces many conclusions from existing landscape preference research, such as people's preference for water bodies (Kaplan and Kaplan 1989, Herzog 1985, USDA 1974, Ellsworth 1982). The findings also indicate that landscape scale management of visual resources using Ecological Classification and Inventory units may be appropriate and that LTA's could be used as a forest planning unit that "links" the social and natural environment. C1 USDA, Forest Serv Chippewa Natl Forest, Cass Lake, MI USA. RP Parker, D (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv Chippewa Natl Forest, Cass Lake, MI USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 2002 VL 294 BP 62 EP 67 PG 6 WC Ecology; Forestry; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Physical Geography GA BU89P UT WOS:000177319100008 ER PT B AU Fay, S Sorgman, NJ AF Fay, S Sorgman, NJ BE Smith, ML TI Land type association applications on the White Mountain National Forest SO LAND TYPE ASSOCIATIONS CONFERENCE: DEVELOPMENT AND USE IN NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, PLANNING AND RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Land-Type-Associations Conference on Development and Use in Natural Resources Management, Planning and Research CY APR 24-26, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Minnesota Ctr Environm Advocacy, Natl Soc Consulting Soil Sci Inc, Natl Areas Assoc, NE State Forest Resource Planners Assoc, Wisconsin Country Foresters Assoc, Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Div Forestry, Univ Wisconsin, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, NE Area State & Private Forestry, USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Nat Resources Invent Grp, Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Wisconsin Geolog & Nat Resources, NE Area Forest Resources Program Leaders, Nat Resources Res Inst, USDA Forest Serv, E Reg AB Four Land Type Associations along a steep elevation gradient have been used since the early 1980's. Applications include support for delineation of Bicknell Thrush and Canada Lynx habitat, identification of commercial forest zones for land use planning, support for visual quality mapping, and identification of softwood forest community potential in major valleys. Successful use depends on easily observed land units, and being the only or best way to address a land management problem. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, White Mt Natl Forest, Laconia, NH 03246 USA. RP Fay, S (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, White Mt Natl Forest, Laconia, NH 03246 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 2002 VL 294 BP 68 EP 70 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Physical Geography GA BU89P UT WOS:000177319100009 ER PT B AU DeMeo, T AF DeMeo, T BE Smith, ML TI Use of landtype associations as a coarse filter for ranking quality of Indiana bat habitat on the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia SO LAND TYPE ASSOCIATIONS CONFERENCE: DEVELOPMENT AND USE IN NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, PLANNING AND RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Land-Type-Associations Conference on Development and Use in Natural Resources Management, Planning and Research CY APR 24-26, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Minnesota Ctr Environm Advocacy, Natl Soc Consulting Soil Sci Inc, Natl Areas Assoc, NE State Forest Resource Planners Assoc, Wisconsin Country Foresters Assoc, Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Div Forestry, Univ Wisconsin, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, NE Area State & Private Forestry, USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Nat Resources Invent Grp, Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Wisconsin Geolog & Nat Resources, NE Area Forest Resources Program Leaders, Nat Resources Res Inst, USDA Forest Serv, E Reg ID MYOTIS-SODALIS AB Landtype associations (LTAs) were used to rank Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) habitat for landscapes of the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia. A panel of expert biologists identified hibernacula, swarming habitat, maternity habitat, roosting habitat, and foraging habitat (in this order, from most to least important) as the elements related to life stages of concern in maintaining viable Indiana bat populations. LTAs were then ranked by their suitability for each of the habitat elements. Weighted by the relative value of the habitat element, rankings (scores) were quickly developed for each LTA. Results identified large areas of the Monongahela National Forest with little likelihood of use by Indiana bats. Dry oak forest was predicted as the most favorable forest type. Subsequent summer field investigations (1997-2000) led to the capture of only three Indiana bats among hundreds of other species Forest-wide. Results may mean Indiana bats are using summer habitat elsewhere, populations are so low they are evading detection, or that incorrect methods were used. The latter seems unlikely given the extensive nature of the sampling. In evaluating Indiana bat habitat, this coarse filter works well in directing surveys toward landscapes where they are most relevant, but should be coupled with fine-scale approaches in developing comprehensive management recommendations. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Reg, Portland, OR USA. RP DeMeo, T (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Reg, Portland, OR USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 2002 VL 294 BP 71 EP 80 PG 10 WC Ecology; Forestry; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Physical Geography GA BU89P UT WOS:000177319100010 ER PT B AU Nelson, D Bruggink, J AF Nelson, D Bruggink, J BE Smith, ML TI Land type associations of Weber County, Utah SO LAND TYPE ASSOCIATIONS CONFERENCE: DEVELOPMENT AND USE IN NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, PLANNING AND RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Land-Type-Associations Conference on Development and Use in Natural Resources Management, Planning and Research CY APR 24-26, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Minnesota Ctr Environm Advocacy, Natl Soc Consulting Soil Sci Inc, Natl Areas Assoc, NE State Forest Resource Planners Assoc, Wisconsin Country Foresters Assoc, Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Div Forestry, Univ Wisconsin, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, NE Area State & Private Forestry, USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Nat Resources Invent Grp, Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Wisconsin Geolog & Nat Resources, NE Area Forest Resources Program Leaders, Nat Resources Res Inst, USDA Forest Serv, E Reg AB A land type association inventory was made primarily to support county planning and as an example of ecological land classification to planners and others who could benefit from information gathered by this approach. The inventory was made by visually delineating, describing and interpreting 13 land type associations on satellite imagery using personal knowledge and field observations supplemented by existing resource reports. The inventory proved to have limited application to the present, residential level of planning in the county but has considerable promise as the bridge between the current widespread use of land classification on National Forest lands and its possible use on lands of other jurisdictions. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Ogden, UT USA. RP Nelson, D (reprint author), 1617 E 1250 S, Ogden, UT USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 2002 VL 294 BP 81 EP 89 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Physical Geography GA BU89P UT WOS:000177319100011 ER PT B AU Hvizdak, DJ Moline, MC AF Hvizdak, DJ Moline, MC BE Smith, ML TI Updating the USDA-NRCS major land resource areas in Wisconsin using National Hierarchical Framework of Ecological Units Landtype Associations SO LAND TYPE ASSOCIATIONS CONFERENCE: DEVELOPMENT AND USE IN NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, PLANNING AND RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Land-Type-Associations Conference on Development and Use in Natural Resources Management, Planning and Research CY APR 24-26, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Minnesota Ctr Environm Advocacy, Natl Soc Consulting Soil Sci Inc, Natl Areas Assoc, NE State Forest Resource Planners Assoc, Wisconsin Country Foresters Assoc, Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Div Forestry, Univ Wisconsin, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, NE Area State & Private Forestry, USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Nat Resources Invent Grp, Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Wisconsin Geolog & Nat Resources, NE Area Forest Resources Program Leaders, Nat Resources Res Inst, USDA Forest Serv, E Reg AB A national effort is underway to update Major Land Resource Areas (MLRAs) by 2002. The criteria for delineating MLRAs have been revised to differentiate them based on soil material kind and age, soil moisture and temperature regime, native vegetation, and landforms. Less emphasis is being placed on landuse at this level, but will be a consideration in subdivisions of MLRAs referred to as Common Resource Areas (CRAs). In Wisconsin, the National Hierarchical Framework of Ecological Units (NHFEU), at the Landtype Association level, was used as a significant source for this update. Landtype Associations (LTAs) are delineated using the same basic criteria as MLRAs, but at a much finer scale along with a few additional criteria, such as disturbance regimes. With the completion of this project, MLRAs in Wisconsin are now meshed with the NHFEU with LTAs serving as the common thread. This is significant in that not only do the two land classification systems mesh in Wisconsin, which partially satisfies a related national goal, but also a wealth of soil data will be readily accessible to the NHFEU. Soil survey areas are currently being set up around MLRAs where each MLRA will have its own soil legend linked to the National Soil Information System (NASIS) database. MLRAs will be subdivided into CRAs and STATSGO (State Soil Geographical Database) is slated for update, all within the MLRA framework and with LTAs potentially serving as a basis. With MLRAs, CRAs, STATSGO, and soil survey map units meshed with the NHFEU in Wisconsin, each NHFEU strata could be linked to the same national soil survey database. Equally important, MLRAs will have a significant link to NHFEU ecological data beyond the standard NRCS databases. This will benefit all users of these two land classification systems. C1 USDA, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Spooner, WI 54801 USA. RP Hvizdak, DJ (reprint author), USDA, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Spooner, WI 54801 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 2002 VL 294 BP 90 EP 92 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Physical Geography GA BU89P UT WOS:000177319100012 ER PT B AU Crow, TR AF Crow, TR BE Smith, ML TI Land type associations conference: Summary comments SO LAND TYPE ASSOCIATIONS CONFERENCE: DEVELOPMENT AND USE IN NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, PLANNING AND RESEARCH, PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENTAL STATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Land-Type-Associations Conference on Development and Use in Natural Resources Management, Planning and Research CY APR 24-26, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP Minnesota Ctr Environm Advocacy, Natl Soc Consulting Soil Sci Inc, Natl Areas Assoc, NE State Forest Resource Planners Assoc, Wisconsin Country Foresters Assoc, Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Div Forestry, Univ Wisconsin, Sch Nat Resources, USDA Forest Serv, NE Area State & Private Forestry, USDA Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA Forest Serv, Nat Resources Invent Grp, Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Wisconsin Geolog & Nat Resources, NE Area Forest Resources Program Leaders, Nat Resources Res Inst, USDA Forest Serv, E Reg C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN USA. RP Crow, TR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV NE EXPTL STN PI RADNOR PA 5 RADNOR CORPORATE CTR, 100 MATSONFORD RD, STE 200, PO BOX 6775, RADNOR, PA 19087 USA J9 USDA NE EXP PY 2002 VL 294 BP 93 EP 95 PG 3 WC Ecology; Forestry; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Physical Geography GA BU89P UT WOS:000177319100013 ER PT J AU Wu, YV Doehlert, DC AF Wu, YV Doehlert, DC TI Enrichment of beta-glucan in oat bran by fine grinding and air classification SO LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT UND-TECHNOLOGIE-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE oat bran; beta-glucan; air classification; particle size; milling speed ID CHOLESTEROL-FED RATS; LIPID-METABOLISM; PROTEIN-GLUCAN; FRACTIONS; BARLEY AB Oats contain soluble dietary fiber, a major component of which is beta-glucan. Oat bran is an oat dry milling fraction enriched in beta-glucan. Our objective was to optimize beta-glucan enrichment from oat bran by an inexpensive method. The defatted oat bran was ground 1 x 9,000, 1 x 14,000, or 3 x 14,000 rpm in a pin mill. Analysis of beta-glucan for fine and coarse fractions for each milling speed indicated the highest. beta-ghtcan content was obtained infractions larger than 30 mum from 3 x 14,000 rpm. This fraction accounted for 393 g/kg of defatted oat bran, and it contained 188g/kg beta-glucan and 302g/kg protein. With further fractionation of this fraction by sieving, it was observed that fractions of particle size greater than 90 fun contained 18g/kg beta-glucan and less than 100 g/kg of starch. The enriched beta-glucan fraction was obtained in good yield and has commercial potential as a food ingredient or for further processing. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. N Dakota State Univ, USDA, ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Wu, YV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 18 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0023-6438 J9 LEBENSM-WISS TECHNOL JI Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol.-Food Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 35 IS 1 BP 30 EP 33 DI 10.1006/fstl.2001.0806 PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 532ZA UT WOS:000174503900004 ER PT J AU Walter, WM Truong, VD Espinel, KR AF Walter, WM Truong, VD Espinel, KR TI Textural measurements and product quality of restructured sweetpotato french fries SO LEBENSMITTEL-WISSENSCHAFT UND-TECHNOLOGIE-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE alginate; calcium; gel; sensory; instrumental methods ID SWEET-POTATO PUREE AB The objectives of this research were to investigate the applicability, of using an alginate-calcium gelling system to produce a French fry-type product using high beta-carotene sweetpotato puree as the main ingredient and to Compare four instrumental methods of texture measurement for this product type in relation to Sensory textural properties. Sweetpotato puree made with Jewel cultivar sweetpotatoes was restructured using optimized alginate-calcium concentrations. A consumer panel scored sweetpotato fries containing 0.35 g alginate/100 g and 0.5 g CaSO4/100 g highest for appearance, texture, flavor, and overall acceptability. A trained texture profile panel described the product with 15 texture notes. Of these attributes, nine sensory notes describing hardness, mastication shear, cohesiveness, springiness, moistness, and oiliness were highly correlated with some instrumental parameters (r=0.79-0.92) for measuring textural properties. The instrumental methods evaluated were instrumental texture profile analysis, three-point bending force, Kramer shear force, and puncture force. Among these instrumental methods, Kramer shear appeared to be the method of choice because of methods simplicity and high precision (coefficient of variation less than or equal to 10'%). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Kraft Foods Inc, Tarrytown, NY USA. RP Walter, WM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0023-6438 J9 LEBENSM-WISS TECHNOL JI Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol.-Food Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 35 IS 3 BP 209 EP 215 DI 10.1006/fstl.2001.0840 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 589LJ UT WOS:000177759600001 ER PT J AU Cordell, HK Betz, CJ Green, GT AF Cordell, HK Betz, CJ Green, GT TI Recreation and the environment as Cultural dimensions in contemporary American society SO LEISURE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cultural dimensions; demographics; environmental opinions; national recreation surveys; outdoor recreation participation; population trends ID PREFERENCES AB This paper broadly explores changing outdoor recreation demands, environmental opinions and demographics in the United States. With this country's population predicted to more than double by the end of this century, it is imperative that we understand these trends and their implications for better managing our natural environment and providing opportunities for outdoor recreation in that environment. Using national survey data, we have described differences in recreation behavior (participation) and environmental attitudes nationwide across six socio-demographic factors-race, country of birth, rural-urban residence, region of the country, age and income. Results indicate that demographic differences, recreation activity choices and people's environmental positions are linked. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Recreat & Leisure Studies, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Cordell, HK (reprint author), 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 43 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0400 J9 LEISURE SCI JI Leis. Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 24 IS 1 BP 13 EP 41 DI 10.1080/01490400252772818 PG 29 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 524TJ UT WOS:000174028700002 ER PT J AU Floyd, MF Johnson, CY AF Floyd, MF Johnson, CY TI Coming to terms with environmental justice in outdoor recreation: A conceptual discussion with research implications SO LEISURE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE environmental justice; equity; environmental racism; outdoor recreation; tourism development; policy ID DECISION-MAKING; EQUITY; ETHNICITY; INJUSTICE; RACISM; MANAGEMENT; DISCOURSES; BENEFITS; MEANINGS; SITES AB Much of the research on environmental justice centers on environmental hazards. This article offers an overview of the emergence of environmental justice issues in outdoor recreation management and research. The authors argue that a major challenge to future research on environmental justice in outdoor recreation is clarifying definitions of environmental justice and generating awareness of the different dimensions of environmental justice. The authors also examine recent empirical studies of environmental justice issues related to outdoor recreation and other resource amenities. Based on an overview of the literature and these recent studies, the authors set forth some broad outlines to guide future research. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Recreat Pk & Tourism, Ctr Tourism Res & Dev, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Floyd, MF (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Recreat Pk & Tourism, Ctr Tourism Res & Dev, POB 118209, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 83 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0400 J9 LEISURE SCI JI Leis. Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 24 IS 1 BP 59 EP 77 DI 10.1080/01490400252772836 PG 19 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 524TJ UT WOS:000174028700004 ER PT J AU Thapa, B Graefe, AR Absher, JD AF Thapa, B Graefe, AR Absher, JD TI Information needs and search behaviors: A comparative study of ethnic groups in the Angeles and San Bernardino National Forests, California SO LEISURE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE ethnicity; information needs and search behaviors; uses and gratifications ID MEXICAN-AMERICANS; SOCIAL-CLASS; RECREATION; LEISURE; RACE; GRATIFICATIONS; PREFERENCES; MANAGEMENT; MEDIA AB The current ethnic population coupled with higher birth rates and immigration will dramatically affect participation in outdoor recreation. Recreation area managers must be able to decipher current and potential visitors' needs and motivations for visiting. This article examines various aspects of information use and search behaviors among National Forest visitors, notably among various ethnic groups and types of users. Uses and gratifications (U&G) theory was used as the basis for identification of relevant uses of Forest Service Information. Consistent with previous studies, Whites generally reported using all available information sources to a greater extent than Hispanics or Other Minority Groups. Hispanics were least likely to approach rangers or employees for information, and Other Minority Groups were least likely to pay attention to bulletin boards. Flyers and brochures were among the most frequently used information sources for all ethnic groups. Whites were more likely to seek out information for orientation and educational purposes, while Hispanics attributed more importance to instrumental uses, like seeking information about parking facilities, permits and operating hours. An attempt was made to adapt communication theories to the field of outdoor recreation. Future research should expand upon the U&G theory due to its importance and applicability in the field of outdoor recreation. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Recreat Pk & Tourism, Ctr Tourism Res & Dev, Florida Gym 325, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Penn State Univ, Leisure Studies Program, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. RP Thapa, B (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Recreat Pk & Tourism, Ctr Tourism Res & Dev, Florida Gym 325, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM bthapa@hhp.ufl.edu NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0400 J9 LEISURE SCI JI Leis. Sci. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 24 IS 1 BP 89 EP 107 DI 10.1080/01490400252772854 PG 19 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Sociology SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA 524TJ UT WOS:000174028700006 ER PT J AU Englen, MD Fedorka-Cray, PJ AF Englen, MD Fedorka-Cray, PJ TI Evaluation of a commercial diagnostic PCR for the identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GENE; DIFFERENTIATION; UPSALIENSIS; ARCOBACTER; INFECTIONS; SAMPLES; LARI; DNA AB Aims: DuPont Qualicon recently developed a new PCR assay for the identification of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli . We evaluated the selectivity and utility of this assay compared with a PCR method already in use in our laboratory. Methods and Results: A group of 133 Campylobacter isolates from poultry carcass rinse samples were screened using the commercial PCR and standard PCR. Identical results were found for 89.5% (119/133) of the isolates. However, 10.5% (14/133) gave conflicting results suggesting mixed cultures. These 14 strains were retested by both PCR methods. Of these, 78.6% (11/14) showed identical results for both PCR methods after retesting; the results for the remaining 21.4% (3/14) again indicated mixed cultures. Conclusions, Significance and Impact of Study: The new multiplex PCR is a rapid and accurate alternative to more conventional PCR methods. The persistence of mixed Campylobacter cultures noted in this study suggests certain strains may be very difficult to isolate clonally by standard culture methods. C1 ARS, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Englen, MD (reprint author), ARS, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Box 5677,950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 18 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2002 VL 35 IS 4 BP 353 EP 356 DI 10.1046/j.1472-765X.2002.01193.x PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 599PV UT WOS:000178345100018 PM 12358702 ER PT J AU Judd, JT Baer, DJ Chen, SC Clevidence, BA Muesing, RA Kramer, M Meijer, GW AF Judd, JT Baer, DJ Chen, SC Clevidence, BA Muesing, RA Kramer, M Meijer, GW TI Plant sterol esters lower plasma lipids and most carotenoids in mildly hypercholesterolemic adults SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; BUTTER; RISK; MEN; SEPARATION; MARGARINE; LP; DIET AB The ability of plant sterol esters (PSE) in salad dressing to modify plasma lipids and carotenoids was determined in 26 men and 27 women fed controlled, weight-maintaining, isocaloric diets. Diets contained typical American foods that provided 32% of energy from fat. Dressings contained 8 g (ranch) or 4 g (Italian) of fat per serving. PSE (3.6 g/d) were provided in two servings/d of one of the dressings. Diets with ranch or Italian dressing without and with PSE were fed for 3 wk/diet and crossed over randomly within dressings. Diets were adjusted to similar fat and fatty acid concentrations. Type of salad dressing did not affect plasma lipids, lipoproteins, carotenoids, or fat-soluble vitamins (P > 0.05). Switching from a self-selected baseline diet to the control diet resulted in reduction in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol of 7.9%, a decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol of 3.1 %, and a decrease in triglycerides (TG) of 9.3%. Consumption of 3.6 g of PSE resulted in further decreases in LDL cholesterol (9.7%) and TG (7.3%) but no additional change in HDL cholesterol. Total plasma carotenoids decreased 9.6% with PSE. An automated stepwise procedure was developed to produce candidate mixed models relating plasma carotenoid response to PSE. These models adjusted for preintervention plasma carotenoid levels and effects of diets on blood lipids. There were significant decreases in beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin (females only) not associated with changes in plasma lipids. Plasma carotenoids on all diets remained within normal ranges. We conclude that low-fat foods, such as salad dressings, are effective carriers for PSE. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Unilever Bestfoods NA, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632 USA. George Washington Univ, Lipid Res Clin, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Beltsville Area ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Judd, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Bldg 308,BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 35 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD JAN PY 2002 VL 37 IS 1 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1007/s11745-002-0861-y PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 521WA UT WOS:000173863300004 PM 11876261 ER PT S AU Clarke, SD Gasperikova, D Nelson, C Lapillonne, A Heird, WC AF Clarke, SD Gasperikova, D Nelson, C Lapillonne, A Heird, WC BE Klimes, I Sebokova, E Howard, BV Ravussin, E TI Fatty acid regulation of gene expression - A genomic explanation for the benefits of the Mediterranean diet SO LIPIDS AND INSULIN RESISTANCE: THE ROLE OF FATTY ACID METABOLISM AND FUEL PARTITIONING SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Meeting on Lipids and Insulin Resistance CY AUG 29-SEP 02, 2001 CL SMOLENICE CASTLE, SLOVAKIA SP Astra Zeneca, European Commiss, Berlin Chemie, Coca Cola Beverages, Eli Lilly, Fournier Labs, GlaxoSmithKline, Lipha Merck, NY Acad Sci, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Roche Diagnost Syst, Servier, Slovak Diabetes Soc DE Mediterranean diet; obesity; insulin resistance; repartitioning agents; omega-3 fatty acids; HUFA ID PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR; ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN-1; CARNITINE PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE-I; RAT-LIVER; SYNTHASE GENE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; MESSENGER-RNA; PPAR-ALPHA; FISH-OIL; COORDINATE SUPPRESSION AB The development of obesity and associated insulin resistance involves a multitude of gene products, including proteins involved in lipid synthesis and oxidation, thermogenesis, and cell differentiation. The genes encoding these proteins are in essence the blueprints that we have inherited from our parents. However, what determines the way in which blueprints are interpreted is largely dictated by a collection of environmental factors. The nutrients we consume are among the most influential of these environmental factors. During the early stages of evolutionary development, nutrients functioned as primitive hormonal signals that allowed the early organisms to turn on pathways of synthesis or storage during periods of nutrient deprivation or excess. As single-cell organisms evolved into complex life forms, nutrients continued to be environmental factors that interacted with hormonal signals to govern the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in energy metabolism, cell differentiation, and cell growth. Nutrients govern the tissue content and activity of different proteins by functioning as regulators of gene transcription, nuclear RNA processing, mRNA degradation, and mRNA translation, as well as functioning as posttranslational modifiers of proteins. One dietary constituent that has a strong influence on cell differentiation, growth, and metabolism is fat. The fatty acid component of dietary lipid not only influences hormonal signaling events by modifying membrane lipid composition, but fatty acids have a very strong direct influence on the molecular events that govern gene expression. In this review, we discuss the influence that (n-9), (n-6), and (n-3) fatty acids exert on gene expression in the liver and skeletal muscle and the impact this has on intra- and interorgan partitioning of metabolic fuels. C1 Univ Texas, Inst Cellular & Mol Biol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Div Nutr Sci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Expt Endocrinol, Diabet & Nutr Res Lab, SK-83306 Bratislava, Slovakia. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Clarke, SD (reprint author), Univ Texas, MM Love Chair Nutr Cellular & Mol Sci, 117 Gearing Bldg, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RI Wilkinson, Stuart/C-2802-2013 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD-37133]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-53872] NR 71 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 9 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-368-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2002 VL 967 BP 283 EP 298 PG 16 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BU83P UT WOS:000177158000028 PM 12079856 ER PT J AU Rexroad, CE Coleman, RL Gustafson, AL Hershberger, WK Killefer, J AF Rexroad, CE Coleman, RL Gustafson, AL Hershberger, WK Killefer, J TI Development of rainbow trout microsatellite markers from repeat enriched libraries SO MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microsatellite; rainbow trout; linkage mapping; enriched library ID LINKAGE MAP AB The efficiency of developing polymorphic microsatellite markers from 2 repeat enriched libraries was evaluated. Thirty-six polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for rainbow trout, 27 of which were informative in a mapping family. The ability of each marker to amplify genomic DNA from other salmonids was also observed. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA, Leetown, WV USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Anim & Vet Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Rexroad, CE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, POB 100, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 5 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1436-2228 J9 MAR BIOTECHNOL JI Mar. Biotechnol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 4 IS 1 BP 12 EP 16 DI 10.1007/s10126-001-0058-6 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 526JV UT WOS:000174128000003 PM 14961284 ER PT J AU Marston, BH Willson, MF Gende, SM AF Marston, BH Willson, MF Gende, SM TI Predator aggregations during eulachon Thaleichthys pacificus spawning runs SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE eulachon; Thaleichthyes pacificus; Osmeridae; southeast Alaska; Steller sea lion; harbor seal; Laridae ID EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; ENERGY; SALMON; PRODUCTIVITY; DIGESTION; PROXIMATE; SEABIRDS; FISHES; GULL; SIZE AB Predators congregated in large numbers during the 1996 and 1997 spring spawning runs of eulachon Thaleichthys pacificus Richardson (Osmeridae) in the lower reaches of the rivers entering Berners Bay, southeastern Alaska. Predator abundance rose rapidly at the beginning of the runs and was significantly correlated with an index of eulachon abundance within years. Gulls (Laridae) were the most abundant predators, with a daily average peak of 40 000 during the 1996 run, at a density of 3000 km(-2). A daily average peak of over 250 Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus and harbor seals Phoca vitulina fed on eulachon early in the run in both years. Daily average counts of bald eagles Haliaeetus leucocephalus approached 600 on the lower reaches of the rivers, and many others foraged upstream. Eulachon are unusually high in lipid content, and many of the prodigious spawning runs in Alaska and British Columbia occur in spring, when predator energy demands are high. We suggest that spring spawning runs of eulachon and other forage fishes are an ecological cornerstone for regional coastal ecosystems, supporting large numbers of wildlife species. C1 Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Wildlife Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. US Forest Serv, NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Marston, BH (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Wildlife Conservat, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. EM brian_marston@fishgame.state.ak.us NR 48 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2002 VL 231 BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.3354/meps231229 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 556QH UT WOS:000175860100020 ER PT B AU Preisler, HK AF Preisler, HK BE Elaydi, S Titi, ES Saleh, M Jain, SK AbuSaris, R TI Applications of Stochastic differential equations to ecological data SO MATHEMATICS AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Palestinian International Conference on Mathematics and Mathematics Education CY AUG 09-12, 2000 CL Bethlehem Univ, Bethlehem, ISRAEL SP Palestinian Soc Math Sci, Palestinian Minist Higher Educ HO Bethlehem Univ AB Ecologists, like physicists, are often interested in studying factors that might affect the movement patterns of particles or waves. Examples include studies on the effects of environmental or topographic conditions on the propagation of wildfires, the effect of roads on the movement patterns of free ranging animals, or the effect of male pheromones on the chemotaxis of female beetles. One useful statistical approach for the analysis of movement data is that of stochastic differential equations (SDE). In this manuscript I describe some of the studies I have been involved with where SDE's where used to study effects of explanatories such as environmental factors on movement. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Albany, CA 94706 USA. RP Preisler, HK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Albany, CA 94706 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4720-6 PY 2002 BP 208 EP 214 DI 10.1142/9789812778390_0017 PG 7 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Mathematics SC Education & Educational Research; Mathematics GA BCI10 UT WOS:000229422500017 ER PT J AU Landi, P Sanguineti, MC Darrah, LL Giuliani, MM Salvi, S Conti, S Tuberosa, R AF Landi, P Sanguineti, MC Darrah, LL Giuliani, MM Salvi, S Conti, S Tuberosa, R TI Detection of QTLs for vertical root pulling resistance in maize and overlap with QTLs for root traits in hydroponics and for grain yield under different water regimes SO MAYDICA LA English DT Article DE corn; drought tolerance; quantitative trait locus (QTL); root strength; seminal roots; Zea mays ID INBRED LINES; TROPICAL MAIZE; F1 HYBRIDS; FIELD; LOCI; RESPONSES; GENOTYPES; MARKERS; CULTURE; SYSTEM AB Vertical root pulling resistance (VRPR) is a trait used to estimate root strength in maize (Zea mays L.). Its measurement is laborious and destructive; hence, it would be beneficial to study root strength without resorting to VRPR and to conduct marker-assisted selection (MAS) for VRPR. The objectives of this investigation were: to identify the chromosomal segments (quantitative trait loci, QTLs) controlling VRPR; to study the overlap of QTLs for VRPR and QTLs for both root traits in hydroponic culture and for grain yield under well-watered (GY-WW) and water-stressed (GY-WS) conditions; and to develop strategies of MAS at the detected QTLs. One-hundred eighteen F-3 families derived front Lo964 x Lo1016 were evaluated for VRPR (three locations, one year), for root traits in hydroponics (one trial), for GY-WS, GY-WW (one location, two years), and for a drought tolerance index (DTI) calculated as the ratio between GY-WS and GY-WW. For VRPR, 19 QTLs were detected in at least one location or for the mean across locations. Additive effects were positive for some QTLs and negative for others, consistent with the observed transgressive segregation. Ten of the QTLs for VRPR overlapped (i.e., their peaks were within a 10 cM interval) with at least one QTL for root traits in hydroponics. Eleven of the 19 QTLs for VRPR overlapped at least once with QTLs for GY-WW GY-WS, and/or DTI. Three of the overlapping QTLs showed consistency of sign of additive effects for VRPR and for GY-WW, GY-WS and DTI. These three QTLs were on chromosome 1, one peaking near csu145, another between PGAMCTA205 and PGAMCGT400, and the third between PGAMCGG220 and csu2d; these QTLs also overlapped with QTLs for root traits in hydroponics. Results Suggest that MAS can utilise these QTLs to improve both root characteristics and yield performance under WW and WS growing conditions. C1 Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Landi, P (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dept Agroenvironm Sci & Technol, Via F Re 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RI Tuberosa, Roberto/A-2781-2016 OI Tuberosa, Roberto/0000-0001-9143-9569 NR 37 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 10 PU MAYDICA-IST SPER CEREALICOLTUR PI BERGAMO PA SEZ DI BERGAMO VIA STEZZANO, 24, 24100 BERGAMO, ITALY SN 0025-6153 J9 MAYDICA JI Maydica PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3-4 BP 233 EP 243 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 645GW UT WOS:000180968700010 ER PT B AU Clancy, KM AF Clancy, KM BE Wagner, MR Clancy, KM Lieutier, F Paine, TD TI Mechanisms of resistance in trees to defoliators SO MECHANISMS AND DEPLOYMENT OF RESISTANCE IN TREES TO INSECTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Congress of Entomology CY AUG 20-26, 2000 CL IGUASSU FALLS, BRAZIL SP Int Union Forest Res Org ID WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM; FIR PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; DOUGLAS-FIR; NUTRITIONAL ECOLOGY; ARTIFICIAL DIETS; WHITE SPRUCE; MIRB FRANCO; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; HERBIVORY C1 USDA, Forest Serv Res & Dev, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Clancy, KM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv Res & Dev, Rocky Mt Res Stn, SW Forest Sci Complex,2500 S Pine Knoll Dr, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0618-7 PY 2002 BP 79 EP 103 DI 10.1007/0-306-47596-0_3 PG 25 WC Entomology; Forestry SC Entomology; Forestry GA BU95B UT WOS:000177472200003 ER PT B AU Coyle, DR McMillin, JD Hall, RB Hart, ER AF Coyle, DR McMillin, JD Hall, RB Hart, ER BE Wagner, MR Clancy, KM Lieutier, F Paine, TD TI Deployment of tree resistance to insects in short-rotation populus plantations SO MECHANISMS AND DEPLOYMENT OF RESISTANCE IN TREES TO INSECTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Congress of Entomology CY AUG 20-26, 2000 CL IGUASSU FALLS, BRAZIL SP Int Union Forest Res Org ID LEAF BEETLE COLEOPTERA; CYSTEINE PROTEINASE-INHIBITOR; ENRICHED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; F-SP DELTOIDAE; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; MELAMPSORA-MEDUSAE; FOLIAR CHEMISTRY; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; PEST RESISTANCE; POPLAR POPULUS C1 USDA, Forest Serv, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Forestry, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Coyle, DR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. NR 140 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0618-7 PY 2002 BP 189 EP 215 DI 10.1007/0-306-47596-0_9 PG 27 WC Entomology; Forestry SC Entomology; Forestry GA BU95B UT WOS:000177472200009 ER PT S AU Nielsen, FH Yokoi, K Uthus, EO AF Nielsen, FH Yokoi, K Uthus, EO BE Khassanova, L Collery, P Maymard, I Khassanova, Z Etienne, JC TI The essential role of nickel affects physiological functions regulated by the cyclic-GMP signal transduction system SO METAL IONS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, VOL 7 SE METAL IONS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine CY MAY 05-09, 2002 CL ST PETERSBURG UNIV, ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Bashkir State Pedag Univ, Publishing House, Alpha Color, Publishing House, Belaya Reka HO ST PETERSBURG UNIV ID ATRIAL-NATRIURETIC-PEPTIDE; LOCALIZATION; CHANNELS; RAT AB Unequivocal acceptance of nickel as an essential nutrient awaits the definition of a specific biochemical function in higher animals. This acceptance may be forthcoming because findings have been accumulating suggesting that nickel has a role that involves cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) cation channels. Nickel potentiates cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-gated cation channels in the rod outer segment of retinae, and desensitizes CNG channels of olfactory receptor cells [1]. A number of organs including some in the central nervous, urogentital, and reproductive systems contain CNG channels. If nickel is involved or needed for CNG channel function and/or for various guanylate cyclases upstream to CNG channels, nickel deprivation should affect blood pressure control; sperm physiology, and sodium metabolism. Thus, experiments were conducted with the objective of demonstrating that nickel deprivation affects spermatozoa and kidney in such a way to support the hypothesis that nickel has an essential role involving the cGMP signal transduction system. In an effort to enhance the effect or need for nickel, two stressors of systems in which CNG channels are important were used as treatment variables; these were N-G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor that hinders blood pressure control, and dietary sodium chloride (NaCl) in an amount that acted as a stressor of sodium metabolism. In experiment 1, rats (15-16/group) were fed a nickel-deficient basal diet (27 ng Ni/g) supplemented with 0 and 1 ug Ni/g. After 5 weeks of feeding the experimental diets, L-NAME was added to the drinking water (0.5 g/L) provided to half of the rats in each group. Blood pressure was measured one week later. Epididymal sperm motility and density were measured three weeks later. In experiment 2, the treatments (8 rats/treatment) were supplements to the basal diet (27 ng Ni and 1 mg NaCl/g) of 0 and 1 ug Ni/g and 0 and 80 mg NaCl/g. After being exposed to the treatments for 9 weeks, blood pressures were measured. At 10 weeks, urine was collected to assess kidney function. At 16 weeks, sperm motility and production were determined. Nickel deprivation increased systolic blood pressure; decreased spermatozoa motility and density in the epididymides, epididymal transit time of spermatozoa, and testes sperm production rate; and induced kidney damage that resulted in hematuria and microalbuminuria. High NaCl exacerbated changes induced,by nickel deprivation. The changes in blood pressure and sperm density caused by nickel deprivation were similar to those induced by L-NAME. Because L-NAME is a stressor of NO metabolism and excessive NaCl is a stressor of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) need, the changes suggest that nickel deficiency has detrimental consequences to the ANP-cGMP and NO-cGMP signal transduction systems, and support the hypothesis that nickel has an essential function involving CNG channels. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Nielsen, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT PI MONTROUGE PA 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE SN 1257-2535 BN 2-7420-0429-7 J9 METAL IONS BIOL MED PY 2002 VL 7 BP 29 EP 33 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BW97U UT WOS:000183835700006 ER PT S AU Anderson, RA AF Anderson, RA BE Khassanova, L Collery, P Maymard, I Khassanova, Z Etienne, JC TI Chromium, glucocorticoids, insulin sensitivity and weight control SO METAL IONS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, VOL 7 SE METAL IONS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine CY MAY 05-09, 2002 CL ST PETERSBURG UNIV, ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Bashkir State Pedag Univ, Publishing House, Alpha Color, Publishing House, Belaya Reka HO ST PETERSBURG UNIV ID ADDITIONAL MOLYBDENUM SUPPLEMENTATION; BODY-COMPOSITION; EXPERIMENTAL COPPER; PICOLINATE; GLUCOSE; DEFICIENCY; OBESITY; GOATS AB The demonstration of the effects of chromium on weight control and lean body mass originated from two placebo controlled studies involving young men who were training to become competitive college athletes. There were highly significant effects of supplemental. Cr, 200 mug/d, on, lean body mass and body fat within 6 weeks. The results appeared to be greater than would be expected and have been difficult to reproduce. However, others studies of longer duration, more that 12 weeks, and higher levels of Cr,,at least 400 mug/d, have also reported significant effects of Cr on body weight and composition. In addition, several animal studies involving primarily pigs, and goats have documented the effects of Cr on lean body mass and composition. There were significant increases in weight gain and feed. consumption in goats consuming a low Cr diet compared with those of the controls with corresponding doubling in circulating insulin. The increases in, weight gain were attributed to the antilipolytic effects of insulin leading to accumulation of triglycerides in the adipose tissue. Elevated insulin levels in the e low Cr animals would also lead to decreased glucagon. Since glucagon stimulates lipolysis, decreased glucagon may lead to decreased lipolysis and subsequent accumulation of body fat and weight gain. Glucocorticoid administration also increases insulin secretion leading to increased body fat and decreased lean body mass and also increased Cr losses. Supplemental Cr leads to a reversal of the negative effects of glucocorticoid administration and Cr has also been shown to reverse steroid-induced diabetes. In summary, the effects of Cr on lean body mass and weight control can be explained in part by the effects of Cr on insulin sensitivity. This also helps to explain why the effects of chromium on weight control are variable since the effects on weight and lean body mass would be regulated by insulin sensitivity which varies greatly. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Anderson, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT PI MONTROUGE PA 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE SN 1257-2535 BN 2-7420-0429-7 J9 METAL IONS BIOL MED PY 2002 VL 7 BP 531 EP 535 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BW97U UT WOS:000183835700110 ER PT J AU Vandemark, GJ Miklas, PN AF Vandemark, GJ Miklas, PN TI A fluorescent PCR assay for the codominant interpretation of a dominant SCAR marker linked to the virus resistance allele bc-1(2) in common bean SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE bc-1(2); bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMV); bean common mosaic virus (BCMV); marker-assisted selection; quantitative PCR ID MOLECULAR MARKERS; QUANTITATIVE PCR; DOWNY MILDEW; DNA MARKERS; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; WHEAT; RAPD; CULTIVARS; SELECTION AB Our objective was to develop a rapid and accurate procedure to genotype common bean plants for the bc-1(2) allele, which conditions resistance to bean common mosaic and bean common mosaic necrosis viruses. A segregating F-2 population was derived from the cross between pinto bean breeding lines P94207-43 (bc-1(2)//bc-1(2)) and P94207-189 (bc-1//bc-1). A quantitative PCR assay based on the detection of fluorescent labeled amplicons was developed to distinguish between homozygous (bc-1(2)//bc-1(2)), heterozygous (bc-1(2)//bc-1) and null (bc-1//bc-1) F-2 genotypes. Remnant F 1 plants were used as a comparative reference sample. PCR results among this sample fit a normal distribution, and 99% and 95% confidence intervals for heterozygotes were determined. F-2 plants for which no amplification was detected were classified as null (bc-1//bc-1) genotypes. F-2 plants that fell within the confidence intervals for heterozygotes were classified as heterozygotes (bc-1(2)//bc-1), while plants that fell outside the right tail of the heterozygote confidence intervals were classified as homozygotes (bc-1(2)//bc-1(2)). F-2 plants were also genotyped for the bc-1(2) allele by performing F 3 family progeny tests for virus resistance. Agreement between the two methods for genotyping plants was 100% (59/59) when PCR genotyping was based on a 99% heterozygote confidence interval, and 98.3% (58/59) when based on a 95% heterozygote confidence interval. This assay will accelerate breeding for virus resistance in bean by facilitating discrimination among plants that are heterozygous or homozygous for the bc-1(2) allele. The experimental design may be generally applicable towards developing other assays for the codominant interpretation of dominant markers in diploid plants. C1 USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crop Prod Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Vandemark, GJ (reprint author), USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crop Prod Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PY 2002 VL 10 IS 4 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1023/A:1020570329858 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 600LH UT WOS:000178391400002 ER PT J AU Chikwamba, R McMurray, J Shou, HX Frame, B Pegg, SE Scott, P Mason, H Wang, K AF Chikwamba, R McMurray, J Shou, HX Frame, B Pegg, SE Scott, P Mason, H Wang, K TI Expression of a synthetic E-coli heat-labile enterotoxin B sub-unit (LT-B) in maize SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE functional antigen; gene expression; LT-B; Zea mays ID TRANSGENIC MAIZE; COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION; CHOLERA-TOXIN; TRANSFORMATION; PLANTS; GENE; EXTRACTION; VACCINES; PROTEINS AB We have produced the B subunit of the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) heat-labile enterotoxin (LT-B) in transgenic maize seed. LT-B is a model antigen that induces a strong immune response upon oral administration and enhances immune responses to conjugated and co-administered antigens. Using a synthetic LT-B gene with optimized codon sequence, we examined the role of promoters and the SEKDEL endoplasmic reticulum retention motif in LT-B accumulation in callus and in kernels. Two promoters, the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter and the maize 27 kDa gamma zein promoter, which directs endosperm-specific gene expression in maize kernels, regulated LT-B expression. Ganglioside-dependent ELISA analysis showed that using the constitutive promoter, maximum LT-B level detected in callus was 0.04% LT-B in total aqueous-extractable protein (TAEP) and 0.01% in R-1 kernels of transgenic plants. Using the gamma zein promoter, LT-B accumulation reached 0.07% in R-1 kernels. The SEKDEL resulted in increased LT-B levels when combined with the gamma zein promoter. We monitored LT-B levels under greenhouse and field conditions over three generations. Significant variability in gene expression was observed between transgenic events, and between plants within the same event. A maximum of 0.3% LT-B in TAEP was measured in R-3 seed of a transgenic line carrying CaMV 35S promoter/ LT-B construct. In R-3 seed of a transgenic line carrying the gamma zein promoter/ LT-B construct, up to 3.7% LT-B in TAEP could be detected. We concluded that maize seed can be used as a production system for functional antigens. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Plant Transformat Facil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Interdisciplinary Genet Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wang, K (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Plant Transformat Facil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 29 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PY 2002 VL 10 IS 4 BP 253 EP 265 DI 10.1023/A:1020509915672 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 600LH UT WOS:000178391400006 ER PT J AU Srivastava, V Ow, DW AF Srivastava, V Ow, DW TI Biolistic mediated site-specific integration in rice SO MOLECULAR BREEDING LA English DT Article DE Cre-lox; particle bombardment; site-specific recombination; transgenic rice ID AGROBACTERIUM T-DNA; TRANSGENE INTEGRATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PLANT GENOME; RECOMBINATION; EXPRESSION; CRE AB Cre-lox mediated site-specific integration in tobacco or Arabidopsis used polyethylene glycol or Agrobacterium, respectively, to deliver the integrating DNA. The polyethylene glycol method is inconvenient since it requires the use of protoplasts. The Agrobacterium method is inefficient as the single-stranded T-DNA is not a substrate for Cre-lox recombination. In this study, we tested the biolistic method for the site-specific insertion of DNA into the rice genome. Two target callus lines, each harboring a single genomic lox target, were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The target callus lines were subjected to a second round of transformation by particle bombardment with a construct designed to excise the plasmid backbone from the integrating DNA, followed by the recombination of the integrating DNA into the genomic lox target. Site-specific integration was obtained from both target callus lines. Three integrant plants were regenerated from one target line and were found to have a precise copy of the integrating DNA at the target site, although only one plant has the integrating DNA as the sole copy in the genome. Site-specific integration through the biolistic delivery of DNA can be considered for other plants that are transformable via particle bombardment. C1 ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ow, DW (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 16 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1380-3743 J9 MOL BREEDING JI Mol. Breed. PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4 BP 345 EP 350 DI 10.1023/A:1015229015022 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 545HB UT WOS:000175210200008 ER PT J AU Hursting, SD Shen, JC Sun, XY Wang, TTY Phang, JM Perkins, SN AF Hursting, SD Shen, JC Sun, XY Wang, TTY Phang, JM Perkins, SN TI Modulation of cyclophilin gene expression by N-4-(hydroxyphenyl)retinamide: Association with reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis SO MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE differential display; LNCaP; MCF-7; mitochondrial permeability transition pore ID SYNTHETIC RETINOID FENRETINIDE; PROSTATE-CANCER; N-(4-HYDROXYPHENYL) RETINAMIDE; CARCINOMA-CELLS; GROWTH; CHEMOPREVENTION; INVOLVEMENT; STRESS; PORE AB To explore the mechanisms underlying the pro-apoptotic effects of the synthetic retinoid N-4-(hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR) on LNCaP human prostate cancer cells, we used the differential display-polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR) technique to identify 4-HPR-responsive genes. RNA extracted from LNCaP cells that had been treated for 24 h with 4-HPR at a dose (2.5 muM) optimal for apoptosis induction was used for DD-PCR analysis using random primers. A differentially expressed 115 bp fragment was cloned and sequenced and then identified in GenBank as having a high degree of homology with several members of the cyclophilin gene family. Northern blot analyses using specific probes for cyclophilin A, cyclophilin D, and the cloned 115-bp fragment were performed on RNA extracted from LNCaP cells and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells treated with 4-HPR, N-acetylcysteine (NAC, an anti-oxidant), 4-HPR plus NAC, cyclosporin A, R-1881 (a synthetic androgen), dehydroepiandrosterone, all-trans retinoic acid, or prednisone. 4-HPR downregulated the transcript detected by the 115-bp fragment. Expression patterns detected by the 115-bp fragment and cyclophilin D probes were identical in response to each treatment; none of these treatments affected cyclophilin A expression. Furthermore, expression of mRNA transcripts detected by the 115-bp fragment and cyclophilin D probes correlated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as detected by measurement of 2,7-dichlorofluorescein oxidation. Therefore, members of the cyclophilin gene family, such as cyclophilin D (a component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore previously linked with oxidative stress and apoptosis), may play a role in the ROS-mediated apoptotic effects of 4-HPR, Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 NCI, Off Prevent Oncol, Div Canc Prevent, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Lab Biosyst & Canc, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Carcinogenesis, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NCI, Basic Res Lab, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. USDA, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hursting, SD (reprint author), NCI, Off Prevent Oncol, Div Canc Prevent, 6130 Execut Blvd,MSC 7105, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0899-1987 J9 MOL CARCINOGEN JI Mol. Carcinog. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 33 IS 1 BP 16 EP 24 DI 10.1002/mc.10020 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA 511QK UT WOS:000173276900003 PM 11807954 ER PT J AU Eggers, CH Caimano, MJ Clawson, ML Miller, WG Samuels, DS Radolf, JD AF Eggers, CH Caimano, MJ Clawson, ML Miller, WG Samuels, DS Radolf, JD TI Identification of loci critical for replication and compatibility of a Borrelia burgdorferi cp32 plasmid and use of a cp32-based shuttle vector for the expression of fluorescent reporters in the Lyme disease spirochaete SO MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OUTER-SURFACE-PROTEIN; OPEN READING FRAMES; CIRCULAR-PLASMID; IN-VIVO; CHROMOSOMAL REPLICATION; SUPERCOILED PLASMIDS; GENE-EXPRESSION; STRAIN B31; INFECTIVITY; FAMILY AB The 32 kb circular plasmid (cp32) family of Borrelia burgdorferi has been the subject of intensive investigation because its members encode numerous differentially expressed lipoproteins. As many as nine different cp32s appear to be capable of stable replication within a single spirochaete. Here, we show that a construct (pCE310) containing a 4 kb fragment from the putative maintenance region of a B. burgdorferi CA-11.2A cp32 was capable of autonomous replication in both high-passage B. burgdorferi B31 and virulent B. burgdorferi 297. Deletion analysis revealed that only the member of paralogous family 57 and the adjacent non-coding segment were essential for replication. The PF32 ParA orthologue encoded by the pCE310 insert was almost identical to the PF32 orthologues encoded on the B31 and 297 cp32-3 plasmids. The finding that cp32-3 was selectively deleted in both B31 and 297 transformants carrying pCE310 demonstrated the importance of the PF32 protein for cp32 compatibility and confirmed the prediction that cp32 plasmids expressing identical PF32 paralogues are incompatible. A shuttle vector containing the CA-11.2A cp32 plasmid maintenance region was used to introduce green, yellow and cyan fluorescent protein reporters into B. burgdorferi. Flow cytometry revealed that the green fluorescent protein was well expressed by almost 90% of both avirulent and infectious transformants. In addition to enhancing our understanding of B. burgdorferi plasmid biology, our results further the development of genetic systems for dissecting pathogenic mechanisms in Lyme disease. C1 Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Ctr Microbial Pathogenesis, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Pathol, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. ARS, Food Safety & Hlth Res Unit, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Med, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Dept Genet & Dev Biol, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. RP Radolf, JD (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Ctr Microbial Pathogenesis, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. RI Samuels, D Scott/B-7549-2012; OI Samuels, D Scott/0000-0001-8352-7593; Clawson, Michael/0000-0002-3355-5390 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-29735] NR 66 TC 97 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-382X J9 MOL MICROBIOL JI Mol. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 2 BP 281 EP 295 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02758.x PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 521XD UT WOS:000173865900002 PM 11985709 ER PT J AU Farman, ML Eto, Y Nakao, T Tosa, Y Nakayashiki, H Mayama, S Leong, SA AF Farman, ML Eto, Y Nakao, T Tosa, Y Nakayashiki, H Mayama, S Leong, SA TI Analysis of the structure of the AVR1-CO39 avirulence locus in virulent rice-infecting isolates of Magnaporthe grisea SO MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID BLAST FUNGUS; PARTIAL RESISTANCE; CLADOSPORIUM-FULVUM; RETROTRANSPOSON; PATHOGENICITY; GENE; CULTIVARS; FERTILITY; MAGGY AB The AVR1-CO39 gene that came from a Magnaporthe grisea isolate from weeping lovegrass controls avirulence on the rice cultivar CO39. AVR1-CO39 was not present in the genome of the rice-infecting M. grisea isolate Guy11 from French Guyana, suggesting that the gene had been deleted. Molecular analysis of the deletion breakpoints in the AVR1-CO39 locus revealed the presence of a truncated copy of a previously unknown retrotransposon at the lefthand border. At the right-hand border was a truncated copy of another repetitive element that is present at multiple locations in the genome of Guy11. The structures of avr1-CO39 loci were further examined in 45 rice-infecting isolates collected in Brazil, China, Japan, India, Indonesia, Mali, and the Philippines. Most isolates showed no hybridization signal with the AVR1-CO39 probe and had the same locus structure as Guy11. Some isolates from Japan showed a signal with the AVR1-CO39 probe, but the region specifying avirulence activity was rearranged. These findings suggest that widespread virulence to 'CO39' among rice-infecting M. grisea isolates is due to ancestral rearrangements at the AVR1-CO39 locus that may have occurred early in the evolution of pathogenicity to rice. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Plant Dis Resistance Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Kobe Univ, Fac Agr, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. RP Leong, SA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Leong, Sally /I-8550-2012 NR 34 TC 78 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0894-0282 J9 MOL PLANT MICROBE IN JI Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 BP 6 EP 16 DI 10.1094/MPMI.2002.15.1.6 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Plant Sciences GA 508QJ UT WOS:000173099900001 PM 11843304 ER PT J AU Guthrie, HD Johnson, LA Garrett, WM Welch, GR Dobrinsky, JR AF Guthrie, HD Johnson, LA Garrett, WM Welch, GR Dobrinsky, JR TI Flow cytometric sperm sorting: Effects of varying laser power on embryo development in swine SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE flow sorting; swine; sperm; fertilization; laser power ID CHROMOSOME-BEARING SPERM; IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; X-CHROMOSOME; SEX PRESELECTION; BOAR SPERMATOZOA; Y-SPERM; INSEMINATION; CRYOPRESERVATION; EFFICIENCY; HEIFERS AB This study was conducted to determine fertilization rate and embryo development using the Beltsville Sperm Sexing Technology with two different laser power outputs, 25 and 125 milliwatts (mW). Freshly ejaculated boar semen was diluted; one aliquot was not stained or sorted (nonsort) and a second aliquot was stained with Hoechst 33342 and sorted as a complete population, not separated into X and Y populations (all-sort). Ovulation controlled gilts were surgically inseminated with 2 x 10(5) spermatozoa (44-46 hr after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)) into the isthmus of each oviduct, one oviduct receiving nonsort and the other all-sort at 25 or 125 mW. A total of 426 embryos were flushed from oviducts at slaughter 43 hr after laparotomy and prepared for determination of fertilization and cleavage rates using confocal laser microscopy for analysis of actin cytoskeleton and chromatin configuration. The percentage of fertilized eggs and embryos was less for the 25 mW all-sort compared to nonsort or the 125 mW all-sort (77.9 vs. 96.3 and 96.2%, P < 0.05). The percentage of fragmented embryos was greater for the 25 mW all-sort than the nonsort (15.2 vs. 4.5%, P < 0.05), but did not differ significantly from 125 mW all-sort mean (7.2%). The percentage of normal embryos (80.4% overall) did not differ (P > 0.05) among treatments. However, the rate of embryo development was slower (P < 0.05) after insemination with the 25 mW all-sort spermatozoa compared to nonsort spermatozoa. Embryos in the 3-4 and 5-9 cell stages for the 25-mW all-sort and nonsort were 78 and 20% vs. 49 and 50%, respectively. The embryo percentages for the 125 mW (3-4 and 5-9 cell stages, 59 and 35%) did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) from the nonsort: or 25 mW all-sort. We conclude that the use of 125 mW laser power for sorting boar spermatozoa is advantageous to maintain high resolution separation and has no detrimental effect on embryo development compared to 25 mW. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 61: 87-92, 2002. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Guthrie, HD (reprint author), Bldg 200,Room 100A,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 22 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 61 IS 1 BP 87 EP 92 DI 10.1002/mrd.1134 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 499EW UT WOS:000172558900011 PM 11774379 ER PT B AU Compton, DL Laszlo, JA AF Compton, DL Laszlo, JA BE Trulove, PC DeLong, HC Mantz, RA Stafford, GR Matsunaga, M TI Bioelectrocatalytic reactions in room temperature ionic liquids SO MOLTEN SALTS XIII SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Molten Salts CY MAY 12-17, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Electrochem Soc, Phys Electrochem Div, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div, Electrochem Soc, Electrodeposit Div ID DIRECT ELECTRON-TRANSFER; MODIFIED GOLD ELECTRODE; HORSERADISH-PEROXIDASE; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; AMPEROMETRIC DETERMINATION; DIRECT ELECTROCHEMISTRY; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; REDOX REACTIONS; BIOSENSOR; NITRATE AB The direct electrochemical reduction of hemin, protoporphyrin(IX) iron(III) chloride, ligated with strong or weak heterocyclic bases, was investigated in the ionic liquids (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6]) and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([omim][PF6]), using cyclic voltammetry and chronocoulometry. E-1/2 values of hemin complexed with N-methylimidazole (NMI) or pyridine (without electrolyte) were determined in the IL (without electrolyte) and in methanol (1.0 M electrolyte). The diffusion coefficients and heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constants of hemin in the IL were also determined. Cyclic voltammetry of hemin adsorbed to a gold surface through 4,4'-dipyridyl disulfide linkages showed a large positive shift in the oxidation wave. The surface concentration of the adsorbed hemin was resolved. Our findings suggest that while hemin is electrochemically active in IL, its behavior is modified by ligand field strength and surface adsorption phenomena. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Compton, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-343-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2002 VL 2002 IS 19 BP 234 EP 243 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Thermodynamics; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BW02C UT WOS:000180660100022 ER PT J AU Turnlund, JR AF Turnlund, JR TI Molybdenum metabolism and requirements in humans SO MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN: THEIR ROLES IN BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES SE METAL IONS IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Review ID STABLE ISOTOPES; DIETARY MOLYBDENUM; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN-MILK; YOUNG MEN; ABSORPTION; EXCRETION; NUTRITION; LACTATION; ELEMENTS C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Turnlund, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA, ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 49 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0161-5149 J9 MET IONS BIOL SYST PY 2002 VL 39 BP 727 EP 739 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA BU22C UT WOS:000175393800021 PM 11913142 ER PT J AU Klich, MA AF Klich, MA TI Biogeography of Aspergillus species in soil and litter SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus; biome; Emericella; Eurotium; latitude; Neosartorya; species occurrence ID FUNGAL COMMUNITIES; MYCOFLORA; EGYPT; SUCCESSION; DESERT AB Based on counts of Aspergillus species reported in over 250 studies of microfungi from soils and litter, chi-square analyses were conducted on species occurrence in five biomes and five latitude ranges to determine variations from expected distributions. There was no overall trend in distribution of the members of the entire genus by biome, however, individual sections of the genus appeared to have distinct distribution patterns. Most members of sections Aspergillus, Nidulantes, Flavipedes and Circumdati occurred at greater than expected frequencies in desert soils. There was no distinct pattern of species occurrence for forest, wetland, or cultivated soils, although members of section Nidulantes were quite rare in cultivated soils. Most species occurred at or below expected frequencies in grassland soils. Members of the genus tended to occur at greater than expected frequencies at latitudes in the subtropical/warm temperate zone between 26 and 35 degrees. Most species occurred at expected frequencies in the lower latitudes, and below expected frequencies in latitudes greater than 35 degrees. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Klich, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 65 TC 83 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 12 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 94 IS 1 BP 21 EP 27 DI 10.2307/3761842 PG 7 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 518ZC UT WOS:000173697600003 PM 21156474 ER PT J AU Samuels, G Dodd, SL Gams, W Castlebury, LA Petrini, O AF Samuels, G Dodd, SL Gams, W Castlebury, LA Petrini, O TI Trichoderma species associated with the green mold epidemic of commercially grown Agaricus bisporus SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE green mold disease; Hypocrea; Hypocreales; ITS; systematics; translation elongation factor 1 alpha gene (EF-1 alpha); Trichoderma aggressivum; Trichoderma atroviride; Trichoderma harzianum ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GENUS TRICHODERMA; MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; HARZIANUM; REVISION; DEGRADATION; SPECIATION; BIOCONTROL; PATHOGENS AB Trichoderma aggressivum sp. nov. and T. aggressivum eurapaeum f. nov. are described. These forms cause the green mold epidemic in commercially grown Agaricus bisporus in North America and Europe, respectively. In the literature they have been reported as T. harzianum biotypes Th 4 and Th 2, respectively. They are strongly separated from their closest relative, 7: harzianum, in sequences of the ITS-1 region of nuclear rDNA and an approximately 689 by fragment of the protein coding translation elongation factor gene (EF-1alpha). They are distinguished from the morphologically similar T. harzianum and T. atroviride (the latter also known as biotype Th 3) most readily by rate of growth. Of these, only T. harzianum grows well and sporulates at 35 C, while T. atroviride is the slowest growing. Trichoderma aggressivum f. aggressivum and f. europaeum are effectively indistinguishable morphologically although they have subtly different growth rates at 25 C on SNA and statistically significant micromorphological differences. Based on findings of this study, descriptions of T. harzianum and T. atroviride are expanded. A key to Trichoderma species commonly found associated with commercially grown A. bisporus is provided. C1 ARS, USDA, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Samuels, G (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Rm 304,B-011A,BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 51 TC 123 Z9 155 U1 3 U2 11 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 94 IS 1 BP 146 EP 170 DI 10.2307/3761854 PG 25 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 518ZC UT WOS:000173697600015 PM 21156486 ER PT J AU Coates, BS Hellmich, RL Lewis, LC AF Coates, BS Hellmich, RL Lewis, LC TI Beauveria bassiana haplotype determination based on nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer PCR-RFLP SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS HUBNER; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; BALSAMO VUILLEMIN; CORN-ROOTWORM; SEQUENCE; SUPPRESSION; DIABROTICA; COLEOPTERA; STRAINS AB DNA sequence alignmnt of the nuclear 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) from Beauveria bassiana demonstrated that 6.62 % sequence variation existed between nine isolates. A higher level of mutation was observed within the ITS regions, where 8.39 % divergence occurred. Polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism, PCR-RFLP, and DNA sequence alignment of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions identified seven polymorphic restriction endonuclease sites, Alu I, Hha I, Hiqf I, Sin I, Tru 9AI and two Tha I restriction sites. The allelic frequency of each genetic marker was determined from 96 isolates. PCR-RFLP defined 24 B. bassiana genotypes within the sample set, from which eight phylogenetic clusters were predicted to exist. AMOVA and Fst (theta) indicated that no significant correlation existed between B. bassiana haplotype and insect host range as defined by insect order from which each isolate was derived. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab,Insectary, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Interdept Genet Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Entomol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Coates, BS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab,Insectary, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 37 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 106 BP 40 EP 50 DI 10.1017/S0953756201005305 PN 1 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 527NV UT WOS:000174192900007 ER PT J AU Robens, J Riley, RT AF Robens, J Riley, RT TI Introduction: Aflatoxin/Fumonisin Elimination and Fungal Genomics Workshops - Phoenix, Arizona, October 23-26 2001 SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, Program Food Safety & Hlth, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Robens, J (reprint author), ARS, Program Food Safety & Hlth, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 2002 VL 155 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 621XD UT WOS:000179615500001 ER PT J AU Bayman, P Baker, JL Mahoney, NE AF Bayman, P Baker, JL Mahoney, NE TI Aspergillus on tree nuts: incidence and associations SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus; mycotoxin; Penicillium; Rhizopus ID AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION; CALIFORNIA ORCHARDS; ATOXIGENIC STRAIN; PISTACHIO NUTS; FLAVUS; FUNGI; PARASITICUS; GROUNDNUT; KERNELS; NIGER AB California exports tree nuts to countries where they face stringent standards for aflatoxin contamination. Trade concerns have stimulated efforts to eliminate aflatoxins and Aspergillus flavus from almonds, pistachios and walnuts. Incidence of fungi on tree nuts and associations among fungi on tree nuts were studied. Eleven hundred pistachios, almonds, walnuts and brazil nuts without visible insect damage were plated on salt agar and observed for growth of fungi. Samples came both from California nut orchards and from supermarkets. To distinguish internal fungal colonization of nuts from superficial colonization, half the nuts were surface-sterilized before plating. The most common genera found were Aspergillus, Rhizopus and Penicillium. Each species of nut had a distinct mycoflora. Populations of most fungi were reduced by surface sterilization in all except brazil nuts, suggesting that they were present as superficial inoculum on (rather than in) the nuts. In general, strongly positive associations were observed among species of Aspergillus; nuts infected by one species were likely to be colonized by other species as well. Presence of Penicillium was negatively associated with A. niger and Rhizopus in some cases. Results suggest that harvest or postharvest handling has a major influence on nut mycoflora, and that nuts with fungi are usually colonized by several fungi rather than by single species. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Bayman, P (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM pbayman@upracd.upr.clu.edu NR 34 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 2002 VL 155 IS 3 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1023/A:1020419226146 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 651JT UT WOS:000181317300006 PM 12617503 ER PT J AU Li, SX Hartman, GL Jarvis, BB Tak, H AF Li, SX Hartman, GL Jarvis, BB Tak, H TI A Stachybotrys chartarum isolate from soybean SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE DNA sequence; microscopy; mycotoxin; PCR; soybean pathogen; Stachybotrys chartarum ID TOXIN PRODUCTION; FUSARIUM; GLYCINES; INFANTS; GROWTH; ATRA AB As part of our effort to investigate fungi associated with soybean roots, Stachybotrys chartarum was isolated from soybean root lesions. Since this fungus has not been reported to cause a disease of soybean, the objectives were to identify and characterize this fungus using biological, chemical, and molecular approaches. Fungal morphology was examined using light and environmental scanning electron microscopy. Phialides bearing conidia arose from determinate, macronematous, dark olivaceous conidiophores. The phialides were obovate or ellipsoidal in whorls. Conidia were unicellular, round or ellipsoidal, 5-13 x 4-7 mum, initially hyaline with smooth walls then dark brown to black and rough-walled when mature. Radial growth of the fungus on cornmeal, oatmeal and potato dextrose agar was 38, 47, and 33 mm in diam., respectively, after 10 days at 25 degreesC. Pathogenicity was performed using sorghum grain colonized by S. chartarum placed below sown soybean seeds in a soil : sand (1 : 1) steam-pasteurized mix. Three weeks after inoculation, root lesions ranged from 7 to 25 mm long. The fungus was reisolated from soybean root lesions and was reidentified as S. chartarum. Biochemical analysis indicated that this soybean isolate produced satratoxins G and H along with roridin L-2, as well as the spircyclic lactones and lactams in rice culture. PCR using a S. chartarum-specific primer StacR3 and IT51 amplified a 198-bp DNA fragment from the total genomic DNA. The DNA sequence of the ITS region was 100% identical to the S. chartarum strain ATCC 9182, one nucleotide mismatch with S. chartarum strain UAMH 7900, and differed from all published sequences of 12 other species of Stachybotrys and 2 species of Memnoniella in GenBank with genetic divergence ranging from 5.26 to 9.98%. This molecular evidence further supports the identification of S. chartarum isolated from soybean root lesions. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, NSRC, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Maryland, Joint Inst Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Li, SX (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Natl Soybean Res Ctr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 2002 VL 154 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 DI 10.1023/A:1015297907991 PG 9 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 543KJ UT WOS:000175100900007 PM 12041871 ER PT J AU Chang, PK Bennett, JW Cotty, PJ AF Chang, PK Bennett, JW Cotty, PJ TI Association of aflatoxin biosynthesis and sclerotial development in Aspergillus parasiticus SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus parasiticus; aflatoxins; sclerotia ID TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; FLAVUS; GENE; SPORULATION; PATHWAY; AFLR; NIDULANS; STRAINS; PROTEIN; CONVERSION AB Secondary metabolism in fungi is frequently associated with asexual and sexual development. Aspergillus parasiticus produces aflatoxins known to contaminate a variety of agricultural commodities. This strictly mitotic fungus, besides producing conidia asexually, produces sclerotia, structures resistant to harsh conditions and for propagation. Sclerotia are considered to be derived from the sexual structure, cleistothecia, and may represent a vestige of ascospore production. Introduction of the aflatoxin pathway-specific regulatory gene, aflR, and aflJ, which encoded a putative co-activator, into an O-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST)-accumulating strain, A. parasiticus SRRC 2043, resulted in elevated levels of accumulation of major aflatoxin precursors, including norsolorinic acid (NOR), averantin (AVN), versicolorin A (VERA) and OMST. The total amount of these aflatoxin precursors, NOR, VERA, AVN and OMST, produced by the aflR plus aflJ transformants was two to three-fold that produced by the aflR transformants. This increase indicated a synergistic effect of aflR and aflJ on the synthesis of aflatoxin precursors. Increased production of the aflatoxin precursors was associated with progressive decrease in sclerotial size, alteration in sclerotial shape and weakening in the sclerotial structure of the transformants. The results showed that sclerotial development and aflatoxin biosynthesis are closely related. We proposed that competition for a common substrate, such as acetate, by the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway could adversely affect sclerotial development in A. parasiticus. C1 ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Cell & Mol Biol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Chang, PK (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM pkchang@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 2002 VL 153 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1023/A:1015211915310 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 529PW UT WOS:000174308600009 PM 11913765 ER PT J AU Bai, GH Desjardins, AE Plattner, RD AF Bai, GH Desjardins, AE Plattner, RD TI Deoxynivalenol-nonproducing Fusarium graminearum causes initial infection, but does not cause disease spread in wheat spikes SO MYCOPATHOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE wheat scab; virulence assay ID REDUCED VIRULENCE; GIBBERELLA-ZEAE; HEAD BLIGHT; SCAB; RESISTANCE; MYCOTOXINS; CEREALS AB Fusarium graminearum is a major pathogen that causes fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat and produces deoxynivalenol (DON) in infected grain. In previous studies, the trichodiene synthase gene (Tri5) in the fungal strain GZ3639 was disrupted to produce the DON-nonproducing strain GZT40. In this report, the virulence of strains GZ3639 and GZT40 was tested on wheat cultivars with various resistance levels by using methods of spray inoculation and injection inoculation with fungal conidia. Under field and greenhouse conditions, strain GZ3639 produced significantly more disease symptoms and reduced more yield than strain GZT40 in all wheat cultivars tested. Conidia of strain GZT40 germinated and infected inoculated spikelets, but disease symptoms were limited to inoculated spikelets without spread to uninoculated spikelets. When strain GZT40 was inoculated using the spray method, multiple initial infection sites in a spike resulted in higher levels of disease symptoms than in spikes inoculated by a single injection. Greenhouse tests confirmed that strain GZT40 did not produce DON in the infected kernels following either inoculation method. The results confirm that DON production plays a significant role in the spread of FHB within a spike, and are the first report that DON production is not necessary for initial infection by the fungus. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. ARS, NCAUR, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Bai, GH (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 17 TC 122 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 23 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-486X J9 MYCOPATHOLOGIA JI Mycopathologia PY 2002 VL 153 IS 2 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1023/A:1014419323550 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 536NM UT WOS:000174708900006 PM 12000132 ER PT J AU Duncan, RA Sullivan, R Alderman, SC Spatafora, JW White, JF AF Duncan, RA Sullivan, R Alderman, SC Spatafora, JW White, JF TI Claviceps purpurea var. spartinae var nov.: An ergot adapted to the aquatic environment SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE Ascomycetes; Clavicipitaceae; Spartina; sclerotia; salt marsh AB We investigated systematic relationships and morphological and ecological features of an ergot that commonly infects species of the maritime grass Spartina. Phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacer I sequences demonstrated that the Spartina ergot is placed in a clade with Claviceps purpurea. Structural differences of sclerotia distinguish it from the Claviceps purpurea var, purpurea as seen on rye and other grasses. Sclerotia from Spartina are larger and contain large intercellular spaces and have thicker rinds than sclerotia of C. p. purpurea. Sclerotia of the Spartina Claviceps float in 1% saline and fresh water while those of C p. purpurea sink. In addition, the Spartina Claviceps has a unique alkaloid profile, In recognition of the differences between C. purpurea and the Spartina ergot a new variety, C. p. spartinae var. nov., is proposed. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Cook Coll, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Duncan, RA (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Cook Coll, Dept Plant Biol & Pathol, 59 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RI White, James/C-2280-2009 NR 21 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 81 BP 11 EP 25 PG 15 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 541CT UT WOS:000174968200003 ER PT J AU Trappe, JM Lebel, T Castellano, MA AF Trappe, JM Lebel, T Castellano, MA TI Nomenclatural revisions in the sequestrate russuloid genera SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article ID SP-NOV; MARTELLIA; RUSSULALES; GYMNOMYCES; FUNGI AB Type studies of the genera of sequestrate russuloid fungi by Lebel and Trappe plus extensive studies of Australasian taxa led to emended generic descriptions of Cystangium and Gymnomyces and elimination of the genera Martellia and Elasmomyces. Here we bring names of described species into conformity with these changes by new combinations: Martellia spp. are transferred into either Cystangium or Gymnomyces, Elasmomyces spp. into either Cystangium or Macowanites, and some species arc transferred from one to another of the retained genera in keeping with the emended concepts. As a result, 19 names of Cystangium, 37 of Gymnomyces, and 34 of Macowanites are accepted. In our studies of holotypes, 8 species previously described in various genera were found instead to relate to Lactarius and are transferred to the genus Zelleromyces. One species previously regarded as sequestrate is transferred to the nonsequestrate genus Russula. Two species formerly assigned to russuloid genera are transferred to the nonrussuloid genus Octaviania. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Royal Bot Gardens, Natl Herbarium Victoria, Yarra, Vic 2141, Australia. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific Northwest Res Stn, Forest Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Trappe, JM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. OI Lebel, Teresa/0000-0002-8592-1102 NR 88 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 81 BP 195 EP 214 PG 20 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 541CT UT WOS:000174968200017 ER PT J AU Nakasone, KK AF Nakasone, KK TI Mycoaciella, a synonym of Phlebia SO MYCOTAXON LA English DT Article DE Ceraceohydnum brunneum; Resinicium bisporum; Odontia hinnulea; Odontia badia; Acia denticulata; micro-binding hyphae ID CORTICIOID FUNGI; APHYLLOPHORALES; AREAS AB Mycoaciella (Steccherinaceae, Stereales, Basidiomycota) is a genus of resupinate, hydnaceous, corticioid fungi with a dimitic hyphal system. Presently, three taxa are accepted in the genus: M bispora, the generic type, M brunnea, and M hinnulea. As a result of this microscopic study, Mycoaciella is placed in synonymy with Phlebia (Meruliaceae, Stereales), two new combinations, Phlebia bispora and P. hinnulea, are proposed, and Mycoaciella brunnea is retained in Ceraceohydnum. The new combination Phlebia badia is proposed for Odontia badia, a species with a dimitic hyphal system of simple septate generative and thick-walled skeletal hyphae. Phlebia bispora and P. hinnulea possess a trimitic hyphal system consisting of thin-walled, nodose septate generative, thick-walled, aseptate skeletal, and slender, highly branched micro-binding hyphae. Resinous-capped hymenial cystidia are present in P. bispora, P. hinnulea, and P. badia. These three taxa and C brunneum are described and illustrated. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Nakasone, KK (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Ctr Forest Mycol Res, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU MYCOTAXON LTD PI ITHACA PA PO BOX 264, ITHACA, NY 14851-0264 USA SN 0093-4666 J9 MYCOTAXON JI Mycotaxon PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 81 BP 477 EP 490 PG 14 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 541CT UT WOS:000174968200038 ER PT S AU Schisler, DA Khan, NI Boehm, MJ AF Schisler, DA Khan, NI Boehm, MJ BE DeVries, JW Trucksess, MW Jackson, LS TI Biological control of Fusarium head blight of wheat and deoxynivalenol levels in grain via use of microbial antagonists SO MYCOTOXINS AND FOOD SAFETY SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mycotoxins and Food Safety CY AUG 21-23, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID INDUCED DISEASE RESISTANCE; DRY ROT; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION; GIBBERELLA-PULICARIS; REEMERGING DISEASE; STORAGE-CONDITIONS; REDUCED VIRULENCE; POTATO-TUBERS; COLONIZATION AB Efforts to reduce mycotoxin contamination in food logically start with minimizing plant infection by mycotoxin producing pathogens. Fusarium graminearum (perfect state, Gibberella zeae) infects wheat heads at flowering, causing the disease Fusarium head blight (FHB) and losses of over 2.6 billion dollars in the U.S. during the last 10 years. The pathogen often produces deoxynivalenol (DON) resulting in grain size and quality reduction. Highly resistant wheat cultivars currently are not available for reducing FHB, and labeled fungicides are not consistently effective. The feasibility of biologically controlling FHB is currently being evaluated. Microbial isolates obtained from wheat anthers were screened for their ability to utilize tartaric acid, a compound that is poorly utilized by F. graminearum and could be utilized in formulations of biological control agents. Four strains that utilized tartaric acid and three that did not were effective in reducing FHB disease severity by up to 95% in greenhouse and 56% in field trials. Additional research programs around the globe have identified other antagonist strains with potential for biologically controlling FHB. Though a considerable body of research remains to be completed, strategies and microorganisms for biologically controlling FHB have reached an advanced stage of development and offer the promise of being an effective tool that could soon contribute to the reduction of FHB severity and DON contamination of grain in commercial agriculture. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Schisler, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 110 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-46780-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2002 VL 504 BP 53 EP 69 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BU17X UT WOS:000175261000005 PM 11922099 ER PT S AU Whitaker, TB Hagler, WM Giesbrecht, FG Johansson, AS AF Whitaker, TB Hagler, WM Giesbrecht, FG Johansson, AS BE DeVries, JW Trucksess, MW Jackson, LS TI Sampling wheat for deoxynivalenol SO MYCOTOXINS AND FOOD SAFETY SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mycotoxins and Food Safety CY AUG 21-23, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID AFLATOXIN; VARIABILITY; PEANUTS AB The variability associated with testing wheat for deoxynivalenol (DON) was measured using a 0.454 kg sample, a Romer mill, 25 g of comminuted subsample and the Romer Fluoroquant analytical method. The total variability was partitioned into sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variability components. Each variance component was found to be a function of the DON concentration and equations were developed to predict each variance component using regression techniques. The effects of sample size, subsample size, and number of aliquots on reducing the variability of the DON test procedure were also determined. Using the test procedure described above, the coefficient of variation (CV) associated with testing wheat at 5 ppm DON was found to be 13.4%. The CVs associated with sampling, sample preparation, and analysis were 6.3, 10.0, and 6.3%, respectively. The sample variations associated with testing wheat are relatively small when compared to CVs associated with testing other commodities for other mycotoxins such as aflatoxin in peanuts. Even with the use of a small sample size (0.454 kg), the sampling variation was not the largest source of error as found in other mycotoxin test procedures. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Mycotoxin Lab, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Whitaker, TB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-46780-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2002 VL 504 BP 73 EP 83 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BU17X UT WOS:000175261000006 PM 11922100 ER PT S AU Maragos, CM AF Maragos, CM BE DeVries, JW Trucksess, MW Jackson, LS TI Novel assays and sensor platforms for the detection of aflatoxins SO MYCOTOXINS AND FOOD SAFETY SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mycotoxins and Food Safety CY AUG 21-23, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID BILAYER-LIPID MEMBRANES; MACHINE VISION SYSTEM; FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION; AUTOMATED DETECTION; FUMONISIN B-1; CORN; IMMUNOASSAY; IMMUNOSENSOR; BIOSENSOR; TOOL AB The importance of the aflatoxins from food safety and economic standpoints has continued to drive the development of new analytical methods for these mycotoxins. Currently the widely used methods for measurement of aflatoxins fall into two groups, the established chromatographic methods and traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Recently substantial progress has been made in the application of new technologies to the monitoring of aflatoxins. In particular, several research groups have developed biosensors for detection of the toxins as well as presumptive tests for fungal infection. Biosensors have been developed in a variety of formats including surface plasmon resonance, fiber optic probes, and microbead-based assays. The sensitivity and selectivity of the biosensors and of the presumptive tests has reached the level the where the application of these techniques to the screening of foods warrants further investigation. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Maragos, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-46780-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2002 VL 504 BP 85 EP 93 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BU17X UT WOS:000175261000007 PM 11922101 ER PT S AU Dorner, JW AF Dorner, JW BE DeVries, JW Trucksess, MW Jackson, LS TI Recent advances in analytical methodology for cyclopiazonic acid SO MYCOTOXINS AND FOOD SAFETY SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mycotoxins and Food Safety CY AUG 21-23, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; MIXED FEED; MYCOTOXIN; CORN; PEANUTS; ANTIBODIES; AFLATOXINS AB Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) is a toxic indole tetramic acid that has been isolated from numerous species of Aspergillus and Penicillium. It has been found as a natural contaminant of cheese, corn, peanuts and various feedstuffs. Historically, thin-layer chromatography has been the most widely used method for quantitative determination of CPA in fungal cultures and agricultural commodities. Several liquid chromatographic (LC) and spectrophotometric methods have also been used, but these require extensive, time-consuming cleanup procedures to achieve accurate quantitation. More recently, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) have been developed for quantification of CPA, and an immunoaffinity column (IAC) has been developed for cleanup of sample extracts prior to quantification by ELISA or LC. In applying the IAC to the cleanup of peanut extracts, recovery of CPA from spiked samples ranged from 83.7% to 90.8%, and the method was successfully applied to the analysis of peanuts that were naturally contaminated with CPA. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Dorner, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509,1011 Forrester Dr SE, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-46780-1 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2002 VL 504 BP 107 EP 116 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BU17X UT WOS:000175261000009 PM 11922080 ER PT S AU Risbrudt, CD AF Risbrudt, CD BE Gislerud, O Neven, I TI Experiences and recent developments in US forest policy related to balancing ecological and economic interests SO NATIONAL FOREST PROGRAMMES IN A EUROPEAN CONTEXT SE EUROPEAN FOREST INSTITUTE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of COST E19 on National Forest Programmes in a European Context CY SEP 13-15, 2001 CL OSLO, NORWAY SP Res Council Norway, COST, European Forest Inst, Agr Univ Norway, Dept Forest Sci DE roadless rule; regulation; social conflict AB Just before leaving office, President Clinton issued a regulation that prohibited road building and most timber harvesting on 23.4 million hectares of National Forest land. This regulation is known as the "Roadless Rule." This is nearly one-third of the National Forest System, and is 2% of the land area of the United States. Over 1.6 million people wrote comments on the regulation while it was in the proposal stage. Several state governors opposed this designation of land, and have filed lawsuits to terminate this regulation. The Bush Administration has announced its intention to amend the regulation, and it currently gathering comments from the public. Congressional interest in the issue is high. This issue is the latest in a series of controversies over the management of the 77 million hectare National Forest System. As people's incomes increase, and more live in urban environments, conflicts over active forest management, and extracting resources from the forest to support rural economies, continues to grow. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Risbrudt, CD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN FOREST INSTITUTE PI JOENSUU PA TORIKATU 34, FIN-80100 JOENSUU, FINLAND SN 1237-8801 BN 952-9844-94-8 J9 EUR FOREST INST PROC PY 2002 IS 44 BP 81 EP 84 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BV05H UT WOS:000177690000007 ER PT J AU Nitao, JK Meyer, SLF Oliver, JE Schmidt, WF Chitwood, DJ AF Nitao, JK Meyer, SLF Oliver, JE Schmidt, WF Chitwood, DJ TI Isolation of flavipin, a fungus compound antagonistic to plant-parasitic nematodes SO NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chaetomium globosum; egg hatch; Heterodera glycines; Meloidogyne incognita; natural product; nematicide ID EPICOCCUM-PURPURASCENS; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; MONILINIA-LAXA; METABOLITES; ANTIFUNGAL; NIGRUM AB An isolate of the fungus Chaetomiuin globosum produced culture broths that inhibited in vitro egg hatch and juvenile mobility of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and hatch of soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines). Extraction and bioassay-directed fractionation of the culture broth filtrate determined that flavipin, a low molecular weight compound, was the fungus metabolite responsible for most of the nematode-antagonistic activity. Synthesis of flavipin permitted evaluation of the Compound as a suppressor of nematode populations on plants in glasshouse studies. Muskmelon (Cucumis melo) plants in steamed and unsteamed soil were inoculated with root-knot nematodes and various concentrations of flavipin were applied to the soil. Contrary to expectations from the in vitro studies, the number of galls per g of roots increased with flavipin treatment at the 14-day harvest. No effect of flavipin on nematode populations was found at the 55-day harvest. In general, plant growth and nematode populations were greater in plants grown in steamed soil. C1 USDA ARS, BARC W, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, BARC W, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, BARC W, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Meyer, SLF (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC W, Nematol Lab, Bldg 011A,Rm 165B,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 15 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-5545 J9 NEMATOLOGY JI Nematology PY 2002 VL 4 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1163/156854102760082203 PN 1 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 571TM UT WOS:000176735300005 ER PT J AU Marti, OG Silvain, JF Adams, BJ AF Marti, OG Silvain, JF Adams, BJ TI Speciation in the Acugutturidae (Nematoda : Aphelenchida) SO NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acugutturus; cockroaches; ectoparasitic nematodes; evolution; Lepidoptera; moths; Noctuidonema; Vampyronema ID NOCTUIDONEMA-GUYANENSE NEMATODA; SPODOPTERA-FRUGIPERDA LEPIDOPTERA; MOCIS-LATIPES LEPIDOPTERA; ECTOPARASITIC NEMATODE; PHYLOGENETIC UTILITY; NOCTUOIDEA INSECTA; APHELENCHOIDIDAE; MOTHS; HOST; NUCLEAR AB Ectoparasitic nematodes (Acugutturus. Iainpyronema and Noctuidonema) of the family Acugutturidae from 13 species of Lepidoptera (moths) and one species of Blattodea (cockroaches) were collected. measured and analysed by discriminant analysis in order to identify conspecifics and to determine which morphological characters were useful in defining differences between nematodes on different host species. The position of the excretory pore posterior to the metacorpus clearly differentiates Acugutturus parasiticus from Noctuidonema and Two populations of A. parasiticus on Periplaneta americana from the West Indian islands of St Lucia and Guadeloupe are conspecific. Nematodes resembling Vampyronema, collected from two genera of Sphingidae in Guadeloupe are characterised by extremely long stylets, equal to cu 37% of the body length, and may represent a new genus. Noctuidonema from four species of Spodoptera (Noctuidae) are conspecific. Ho ever, a somewhat different Noctuidonema from the noctuid Pseudaletia unipuncta may represent a new species, based primarily on its shorter stylet length. Simple spicule structure, a smaller V percentage. and a shorter stylet in Vampyronema are characters that best define its differences from Noctuidonema. Nematodes on the noctuids Anicla infecta and Eulepidotis addens probably represent two ne species of Vampyronema. There was no clear differentiation between nematodes on the noctuids Mocis disseverans, M, latipes. Agrapha oxygramma and Orthodes crenulata. and they are all probably conspecific with V. dibolia. Thus far. Noctuidonema has been found only on the trifine noctuids Spodoptera and Pseudaletia, whereas Vampyronema has been found on both trifine and quadrifine noctuids. We found evidence for sequential evolution. but not co-evolution. between these ectoparasitic nematodes and their lepidopteran hosts. C1 USDA ARS, Georgia Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. CNRS, Lab Populat Genet & Evolut, Inst Rech Dev, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Marti, OG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Georgia Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RI Adams, Byron/C-3808-2009 OI Adams, Byron/0000-0002-7815-3352 NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-5545 J9 NEMATOLOGY JI Nematology PY 2002 VL 4 BP 489 EP 504 DI 10.1163/156854102760290473 PN 4 PG 16 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 605YH UT WOS:000178704300004 ER PT J AU Zimba, PV Tucker, CS Mischke, CC Grimm, CC AF Zimba, PV Tucker, CS Mischke, CC Grimm, CC TI Short-term effect of diuron on catfish pond ecology SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; 2-METHYLISOBORNEOL; PHYTOPLANKTON; GEOSMIN AB We examined the effects of diuron treatment on catfish pond ecology under commercial culture conditions. Nine weekly treatments of diuron (0.01 mg/L) were applied to eight 0.4-ha experimental ponds; seven ponds served as controls. Water and fish samples were collected from all ponds each week for chemical and biological analysis. Data on mechanical aeration (hours of supplemental aeration required by each pond) were supplied by the pond manager. A compound (2-methylisoborneol) that is known to cause off-flavor was significantly reduced in both water and fish fillets in diuron-treated ponds. Overall, diuron did not strongly affect water quality variables. No differences in supplemental aeration were detected between the pond groups. Diuron altered the phytoplankton composition within the ponds by reducing the biomass of filamentous blue-green algae. However, overall phytoplankton biomass was not different between treatment and control ponds; filamentous blue-green algae were replaced by diatoms. Zooplankton populations were not dramatically altered, but rotifers tended to increase in diuron-treated ponds while copepod nauplii and cladocerans tended to decrease. It appears that diuron can be an effective control for 2-methylisoborneol, while having negligible effects on the overall water quality or other environmental variables measured in this study. C1 Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70187 USA. RP Zimba, PV (reprint author), Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RI Zimba, Paul/O-2778-2013 NR 28 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 64 IS 1 BP 16 EP 23 DI 10.1577/1548-8454(2002)064<0016:STEODO>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 516XE UT WOS:000173581400003 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AJ Goodwin, AE Salmon, MJ Brandt, TM AF Mitchell, AJ Goodwin, AE Salmon, MJ Brandt, TM TI Experimental infection of an exotic heterophyid trematode, Centrocestus formosanus, in four aquaculture fishes SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID CYPRINUS-CARPIO; MEXICO; METACERCARIAE; NISHIGORI; DIGENEA AB Centrocestus formosanus, an exotic digenetic trematode that was recently found infecting wild fish in Texas, was evaluated to determine whether it could infect four propagated warmwater fish species. Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, sunshine bass (the hybrid of female white bass Morone chrysops and male striped bass Morone saxatilis), golden shiners Notemigonus crysoleucas, and fathead minnows Pimephales promelas were experimentally infected with cercariae of C. formosanus. The trematodes were embedded along the gill filament cartilage. Cyst production, cartilage displacement, and hyperplasia of the lamellar epithelium were observed in wet mounts of sunshine bass and fathead minnow gills. These pathological changes also occurred in golden shiners and channel catfish but appeared to be delayed and less pronounced. Histological examination showed that the parasites were encased in cartilage, and distorted areas were evident in the filament cartilage. Because this trematode has the ability to infect and produce lesions in these fish, it could pose problems for the producers of commercially raised baitfish and food fish. C1 ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arkansas, Pine Bluff, AR USA. SW Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, Aquat Stn, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. RP Mitchell, AJ (reprint author), ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, USDA, POB 860, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 64 IS 1 BP 55 EP 59 DI 10.1577/1548-8454(2002)064<0055:EIOAEH>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 516XE UT WOS:000173581400007 ER PT J AU Jennings, DT Sferra, NJ AF Jennings, DT Sferra, NJ TI An arthropod predator-prey-kleptoparasite association SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article AB Two kleptoparasitic scorpionflies, Panorpa rufescens Rambur (Mecoptera: Panorpidae), were observed stealing food from Araneus bicentenarius (McCook) (Araneae: Araneidae) at Waterboro Barrens Preserve, York County, Maine. The spider's ensnared prey was a larva of Lapara sp. (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), which provided food for both spider and kleptoparasites. This is the first recorded instance of kleptoparasitism by scorpionflies on an orb-weaving spider in Maine. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Bradley, ME 04411 USA. Nature Conservancy, Maine Chapter, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. RP Jennings, DT (reprint author), POB 130, Garland, ME 04939 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2002 VL 9 IS 3 BP 325 EP 330 DI 10.2307/3858475 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 601WZ UT WOS:000178472900006 ER PT J AU Rankin, WT Tramer, EJ AF Rankin, WT Tramer, EJ TI The gap dynamics of canopy trees of a Tsuga canadensis forest community SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID NATURAL DISTURBANCE REGIMES; HEMLOCK HARDWOOD FOREST; CENTRAL NEW-ENGLAND; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; NORTHERN HARDWOODS; FAGUS-GRANDIFOLIA; TREEFALL GAPS; RAIN-FOREST; SUGAR MAPLE; GROWTH AB We examined the correlation between canopy gap formation and the initial growth of forest trees by reconstructing the gap history of a Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. forest community in. southeastern Ohio. We cored each tree (>10 cm dbh, n = 156) in a 40 x 90 m plot and examined the cores for release events, characterized by dramatic increases in radial growth. We identified 80 former gaps in the 79 yr sample period by clustering release events in time and space. Thirteen of the 80 former gaps coincided with the initial growth of trees. These 13 gaps were usually large gaps containing few established trees or gaps undergoing repeat disturbance. Of the 36 trees >10 cm dbh that began growth during the sample, 21 (58%) began growing inside a gap within 6 yr of gap formation-three times the rate predicted by chance (p = 0.001). We also measured the distance in time and space between the first year of growth and the closest canopy gap for each tree. We called the inverse of this measure the gap affinity index (GAI). Although we did not find significant differences in GAI among species, the index confirmed qualitative notions about the shade tolerance of six common tree species: intolerant species exhibited high gap affinities, while tolerant species exhibited low gap affinities. We also found a significant, positive correlation between GAI and the area of the closest gap, as well as a significant, negative correlation between GAI and the mean number of releases per species. C1 US Forest Serv, Highlands Ranger Dist, Highlands, NC 28741 USA. Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Tramer, EJ (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Earth Ecol & Environm Sci, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 5 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2002 VL 9 IS 4 BP 391 EP 406 DI 10.2307/3858552 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 629CZ UT WOS:000180034000003 ER PT J AU Ware, D Jaiswal, P Ni, JJ Pan, XK Chang, K Clark, K Teytelman, L Schmidt, S Zhao, W Cartinhour, S McCouch, S Stein, L AF Ware, D Jaiswal, P Ni, JJ Pan, XK Chang, K Clark, K Teytelman, L Schmidt, S Zhao, W Cartinhour, S McCouch, S Stein, L TI Gramene: a resource for comparative grass genomics SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COLINEARITY AB Gramene (http://www.gramene.org) is a comparative genome mapping database for grasses and a community resource for rice. Rice, in addition to being an economically important crop, is also a model monocot for understanding other agronomically important grass genomes. Gramene replaces the existing AceDB database 'RiceGenes' with a relational database based on Oracle. Gramene provides curated and integrative information about maps, sequence, genes, genetic markers, mutants, QTLs, controlled vocabularies and publications. Its aims are to use the rice genetic, physical and sequence maps as fundamental organizing units, to provide a common denominator for moving from one crop grass to another and is to serve as a portal for interconnecting with other web-based crop grass resources. This paper describes the initial steps we have taken towards realizing these goals. C1 Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, USDA, Ctr Agr Bioinformat, Cornell Theory Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Stein, L (reprint author), Cold Spring Harbor Lab, 1 Bungtown Rd, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. RI Jaiswal, Pankaj/H-7599-2016; OI Jaiswal, Pankaj/0000-0002-1005-8383; Teytelman, Lenny/0000-0001-8573-8351 NR 9 TC 114 Z9 141 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 103 EP 105 DI 10.1093/nar/30.1.103 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 508FB UT WOS:000173077100026 PM 11752266 ER PT J AU Ikpe, FN Powell, JM AF Ikpe, FN Powell, JM TI Nutrient cycling practices and changes in soil properties in the crop-livestock farming systems of western Niger Republic of West Africa SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE acid psament; livestock and soil amendments; millet stover; nutrient cycling; West Africa ID PEARL-MILLET YIELD; PHOSPHORUS; FERTILITY; SHEEP AB Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum R. (Br.) L.] is grown in West Africa on sandy, acid soils deficient in plant nutrients. In the mixed farming systems of western Niger, livestock graze millet stover by day and deposit dung and urine directly on cropland during overnight kraaling. Kraaling of livestock is perhaps the most important pathway to recycle nutrients and sustain soil fertility. Three tillage practices (immediate tillage, late tillage and no till) four amendment types (dung-plus-urine, dung alone, millet stover and millet stover ashes), and three fertilizer N rates (0, 15 and 30 kg N ha(-1)) were factorially combined and arranged in a split plot design. Average millet grain yield in immediate till plots was 30% higher than in no-till plots and was 13% greater in plots amended with dung-plus-urine than in plots that received manure alone. The highest pH (5.8) and lowest bulk density 1.46 g/cm(3) of surface soil were measured in plots amended with dung-plus-urine. Under the less nomadic livestock management system, where animals are mostly stall-fed, technology is needed to capture and transfer nutrients in animal urine to farmers' fields for cropping. C1 Rivers State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Crop Soil Sci & Forestry, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ikpe, FN (reprint author), Rivers State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Crop Soil Sci & Forestry, PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PY 2002 VL 62 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1023/A:1015199114833 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 541EA UT WOS:000174971200005 ER PT J AU Powell, JM Jackson-Smith, DB Satter, LD AF Powell, JM Jackson-Smith, DB Satter, LD TI Phosphorus feeding and manure nutrient recycling on Wisconsin dairy farms SO NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE dairy diets; dairy manure; environment; phosphorus balance; phosphorus cycling; stocking rate ID REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; MILK-PRODUCTION; EXCRETION AB Recently approved nutrient management regulations for livestock operations focus on a farm's ability to recycle the phosphorus ( P) contained in manure. Most efforts to improve dairy manure management emphasize manure handling, storage, and land application techniques. Little is known about relationships between dairy feeding practices and manure P levels under farm conditions, or between herd size, cropland area and a farm's ability to recycle manure P through crops. A survey of 98 representative dairy farms in Wisconsin showed that most farms were self-sufficient in forage (alfalfa, corn silage) and grain production. Lactating dairy cows derived 90% of their feed dry matter (DM) and 78% of their P intake from these homegrown feeds. The P content (DM basis) of the dairy diet ranged from 2.3 to 8.5 with an average of 4.0 g P kg(-1). Approximately 85% of the surveyed dairy farms fed P in excess of the recently updated National Research Council (NRC) requirements. On these farms, amounts of P in manure were related to dietary P. Of the annual manure P excreted by cows fed a diet supplement, approximately two-thirds is derived from homegrown feeds and one-third from imported mineral and protein supplements. Stocking rates ranged from 0.19 to 1.68 AU ha(-1). Farms having stocking rates of less than 0.70 AU ha are self-sufficient in feed production. Approximately half of the farms are self-sufficient in feed production, 68% produce 90%, and 80% produce 80% of their annual feed requirement. Approximately 40% of the farms have a positive P balance ( manure P exceeds harvested crop P). On these farms, lowering dietary P to the levels recommended by NRC would reduce the number of farms having a positive P balance by 67%, and the land area in positive P balance by 60%. For farms having a high animal stocking rate, manure export, the addition of cropland for manure spreading, and/or reductions in livestock (cow and/or heifer) numbers may be the only feasible strategies for achieving P balance on a farm. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Sociol Social & Antropol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Powell, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1314 J9 NUTR CYCL AGROECOSYS JI Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. PY 2002 VL 62 IS 3 BP 277 EP 286 DI 10.1023/A:1021265705737 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 617YU UT WOS:000179389300008 ER PT S AU Roberts, SB AF Roberts, SB BE Rosenberg, IH Sastre, A TI Impaired remilation of energy intake in old age SO NUTRITION AND AGING SE NESTLE NUTRITION WORKSHOP SERIES: CLINICAL & PERFORMANCE PROGRAM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Nestle Nutrition Workshop CY JUN, 2001 CL SEVILLE, SPAIN ID DOUBLY LABELED WATER; FOOD-INTAKE; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; NATIONAL COHORT; BLOOD-GLUCOSE; BODY FATNESS; WEIGHT-LOSS; VARIETY; MEAL; EXPENDITURE C1 Tufts Univ, Energy Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Energy Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG07388] NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-7584 BN 3-8055-7321-9 J9 NES NUTR WS PY 2002 VL 6 BP 49 EP 61 DI 10.1159/000061858 PG 13 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BV60E UT WOS:000179481300004 PM 16969966 ER PT S AU Kehayias, JJ AF Kehayias, JJ BE Rosenberg, IH Sastre, A TI Aging and body composition SO NUTRITION AND AGING SE NESTLE NUTRITION WORKSHOP SERIES: CLINICAL & PERFORMANCE PROGRAM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Nestle Nutrition Workshop CY JUN, 2001 CL SEVILLE, SPAIN ID INVIVO NEUTRON-ACTIVATION; NITROGEN; FAT; POTASSIUM; CARBON; AGE C1 Tufts Univ, Body Composit Lab, USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer HNRC, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kehayias, JJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Body Composit Lab, USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer HNRC, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-7584 BN 3-8055-7321-9 J9 NES NUTR WS PY 2002 VL 6 BP 63 EP 78 DI 10.1159/000061854 PG 16 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BV60E UT WOS:000179481300005 PM 16969967 ER PT S AU Roubenoff, R AF Roubenoff, R BE Rosenberg, IH Sastre, A TI Exercise, sarcopenia, cognition, and mood SO NUTRITION AND AGING SE NESTLE NUTRITION WORKSHOP SERIES: CLINICAL & PERFORMANCE PROGRAM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Nestle Nutrition Workshop CY JUN, 2001 CL SEVILLE, SPAIN ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; NURSING-HOME RESIDENTS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; SLEEP; DEPRESSION; RESISTANCE; MASS; IMPROVE; ADULTS; MUSCLE C1 Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer HNRC, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Roubenoff, R (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutr Exercise Physiol Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Jean Mayer HNRC, 711 Washington St,Rm 1313, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG15797] NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-7584 BN 3-8055-7321-9 J9 NES NUTR WS PY 2002 VL 6 BP 151 EP 162 DI 10.1159/000061864 PG 12 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BV60E UT WOS:000179481300011 PM 16969973 ER PT S AU Taylor, A Hobbs, M AF Taylor, A Hobbs, M BE Rosenberg, IH Sastre, A TI The 2001 assessment of nutritional influences on risk of cataract SO NUTRITION AND AGING SE Nestle Nutrition Workshop Series-Clinical & Performance Program LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Nestle Nutrition Workshop CY JUN, 2001 CL SEVILLE, SPAIN ID UBIQUITIN-DEPENDENT PROTEOLYSIS; LENS EPITHELIAL-CELLS; BEAVER DAM EYE; GALACTOSE-INDUCED CATARACTS; OPACITIES CASE-CONTROL; ASCORBIC-ACID; OXIDATIVE STRESS; VITAMIN-C; ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS; NUCLEAR CATARACT C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRC,Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Lab Nutr & Vis Res,Dept Nutr Biochem & Ophthalmol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRC,Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Lab Nutr & Vis Res,Dept Nutr Biochem & Ophthalmol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 124 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-7584 BN 3-8055-7321-9 J9 NES NUTR WS JI Nestle Nutr. Workshop Ser.-Clin. Perform. Program PY 2002 VL 6 BP 163 EP 191 DI 10.1159/000061865 PG 29 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BV60E UT WOS:000179481300012 PM 16969974 ER PT S AU Adolfsson, O Meydani, SN AF Adolfsson, O Meydani, SN BE Rosenberg, IH Sastre, A TI Nutrition and the aging immune response SO NUTRITION AND AGING SE Nestle Nutrition Workshop Series-Clinical & Performance Program LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Nestle Nutrition Workshop CY JUN, 2001 CL SEVILLE, SPAIN ID VITAMIN-E SUPPLEMENTATION; HEALTHY ELDERLY SUBJECTS; BETA-CAROTENE SUPPLEMENTATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; MEMORY T-CELLS; GLUTATHIONE SUPPLEMENTATION; LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION; INTERLEUKIN-2 PRODUCTION C1 Tufts Univ, Nutrit Immunol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Adolfsson, O (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Nutrit Immunol Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 67 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-7584 BN 3-8055-7321-9 J9 NES NUTR WS JI Nestle Nutr. Workshop Ser.-Clin. Perform. Program PY 2002 VL 6 BP 207 EP 221 DI 10.1159/000061860 PG 15 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BV60E UT WOS:000179481300014 PM 16969976 ER PT S AU Folstein, M Scott, TN AF Folstein, M Scott, TN BE Rosenberg, IH Sastre, A TI Rationale for tests of the neuropsychiatric effects of nutrient deficiency SO NUTRITION AND AGING SE NESTLE NUTRITION WORKSHOP SERIES: CLINICAL & PERFORMANCE PROGRAM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Nestle Nutrition Workshop CY JUN, 2001 CL SEVILLE, SPAIN ID VITAMIN-B-12 DEFICIENCY; PSYCHIATRIC-ILLNESS; FOLATE-DEFICIENCY; MAJOR DEPRESSION; VASCULAR-DISEASE; ELDERLY PEOPLE; HOMOCYSTEINE; INPATIENTS; DEMENTIA; METHYLFOLATE C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer HNRC, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Folstein, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer HNRC, Sch Med, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-7584 BN 3-8055-7321-9 J9 NES NUTR WS PY 2002 VL 6 BP 241 EP 249 DI 10.1159/000061869 PG 9 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BV60E UT WOS:000179481300016 PM 16969978 ER PT J AU Chen, HL Tucker, KL Graubard, BI Heineman, EF Markin, RS Potischman, NA Russell, RM Weisenburger, DD Ward, MH AF Chen, HL Tucker, KL Graubard, BI Heineman, EF Markin, RS Potischman, NA Russell, RM Weisenburger, DD Ward, MH TI Nutrient intakes and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and distal stomach SO NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GASTRIC-CANCER RISK; UNITED-STATES; VITAMIN-E; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; COLORECTAL ADENOMAS; BODY-MASS; CARDIA; DIET; CAROTENOIDS; ALCOHOL AB We studied the relationship between nutrient intakes and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and distal stomach among 124 esophageal adenocarcinoma cases, 124 distal stomach cancer cases, and 449 controls in a population-based case-control study in eastern Nebraska. The residual method was used to adjust nutrient intake quartiles or tertiles for energy intake. We observed significant inverse associations with risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma for dietary intakes of total vitamin A [highest vs. lowest quartile, multi-variate odds ratio (OR) = 0.5, P for trend = 0.05], beta-cryptoxanthin (OR = 0.5, P = 0.05), riboflavin (OR = 0.5, P = 0.01), folate (OR = 0.5, P = 0.03), zinc (OR = 0.5, P = 0.05), dietary fiber (OR = 0.5, P = 0.05), protein (OR = 0.5, P = 0.02), and carbohydrate (OR = 0.4, P = 0.02). For distal stomach cancer, only vitamin C (OR = 0.6, P = 0.04), dietary fiber (OR = 0.4, P = 0.007), and carbohydrate (OR = 0.4, P = 0.004) were inversely associated with risk. Our analyses shoved significant interaction between dietary fat intake, but not intakes of other nutrients, and respondent type for both cancer sites. Subgroup analyses among self-respondents revealed positive associations between saturated fat intake and risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.0, 4.1, and 4.6 for intake tertiles, P for trend = 0.02) and risk of distal stomach cancer (OR = 1.0, 1.2, and 3.6, P = 0.03). However, no such associations were found among proxy respondents. Our data suggest that greater intake of dietary fiber, certain carotenoids, and vitamins may decrease the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, whereas greater intake of saturated fat may increase the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma and distal stomach cancer. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE 68198 USA. RP Chen, HL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779 NR 59 TC 98 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 4 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0163-5581 J9 NUTR CANCER JI Nutr. Cancer PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1207/S15327914NC421_5 PG 8 WC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Oncology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 590CG UT WOS:000177799500005 PM 12235648 ER PT J AU Lamon-Fava, S AF Lamon-Fava, S TI High-density lipoproteins: Effects of alcohol, estrogen, and phytoestrogens SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE high-density lipoproteins; cardiovascular disease; alcohol; estrogen; phytoestrogen; cholesterol ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; HEP G2 CELLS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; CHOLESTEROL EFFLUX; HEALTHY-VOLUNTEERS; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; SOY PROTEIN; RED WINE AB Plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDL) play, an important role in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. Factors affecting plasma HDL levels may be important, therefore, in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Among the lifestyle and environmental factors that have been shown to increase HDL cholesterol are moderate alcohol intake and estrogen administration. Phytoestrogens, molecules of plant origin that resemble estrogen and act as weak estrogens, do not have a clear effect on HDL cholesterol. The molecular mechanisms of action of alcohol, estrogen, and phytoestrogens on HDL are under investigation. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lamon-Fava, S (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 60 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1301/002966402760240372 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 513NX UT WOS:000173385600001 PM 11842998 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM Tai, ES AF Ordovas, JM Tai, ES TI The babel of the ABCs: Novel transporters involved in the regulation of sterol absorption and excretion SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE hypercholesterolaemia; coronary heart disease; low-density lipoprotein; intestinal cholesterol absorption and excretion ID DIETARY-CHOLESTEROL; APOPROTEIN-B; LDL-RECEPTOR; SITOSTEROLEMIA; METABOLISM AB Hypercholesterolaemia is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). Therefore, the reduction of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is one of the primary targets of the current recommendations to decrease CHD risk in the population. Whereas, the mechanisms involved in de novo cholesterol synthesis and its uptake by cells via the LDL receptor are well known, we still need better understanding about the mechanisms involved in intestinal cholesterol absorption and excretion. The recent discovery of ABCG5 and ABCG8 transporters will significantly improve our understanding of cholesterol trafficking and it will lead to better and new therapeutic strategies to maintain cholesterol homeostasis. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680; Tai, E Shyong/0000-0003-2929-8966 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776]; PHS HHS [N01-38038] NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 60 IS 1 BP 30 EP 33 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 513NX UT WOS:000173385600005 PM 11843001 ER PT J AU Erickson, H Davidson, EA Keller, M AF Erickson, H Davidson, EA Keller, M TI Former land-use and tree species affect nitrogen oxide emissions from a tropical dry forest SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE dry tropical forest; nitrogen mineralization; nitric oxide; nitrous oxide; tropical legumes ID SOIL EMISSIONS; NITRIC-OXIDE; LEUCAENA-LEUCOCEPHALA; PUERTO-RICO; RAIN-FOREST; COSTA-RICA; MINERALIZATION; PASTURE; NO; NITRIFICATION AB Species composition in successional dry forests in the tropics varies widely, but the effect of this variation on biogeochemical processes is not well known. We examined fluxes of N oxides (nitrous and nitric oxide), soil N cycling, and litter chemistry (C/N ratio) in four successional dry forests on similar soils in western Puerto Rico with differing species compositions and land-use histories. Forests patch-cut for charcoal 60 years ago had few legumes, high litter C/N ratios, low soil nitrate and low N oxide fluxes. In contrast, successional forests from pastures abandoned several decades ago had high legume densities, low litter C/N ratios, high mean soil nitrate concentrations and high N oxide fluxes. These post-pasture forests were dominated by the naturalized legume Leuceana leucocephala, which was likely responsible for the rapid N cycling in those forests. We conclude that agriculturally induced successional pathways leading to dominance by a legume serve as a mechanism for increasing N oxide emissions from tropical regions. As expected for dry regions, nitric oxide dominated total N oxide emissions. Nitric oxide emissions increased with increasing soil moisture up to about 30% water-filled pore space then stabilized, while nitrous oxide emissions, albeit low, continued to increase with increasing soil wetness. Inorganic N pools and net N mineralization were greatest during peak rainfalls and at the post-agricultural site with the highest fluxes. Soil nitrate and the nitrate/ammonium ratio correlated positively with average N oxide fluxes. N oxide fluxes were negatively and exponentially related to litter C/N ratio for these dry forests and the relationship was upheld with the addition of data from seven wet forests in northeastern Puerto Rico. This finding suggests that species determination of litter C/N ratio may partly determine N oxide fluxes across widely differing tropical environments. C1 Univ Metropolitana, Dept Sci & Technol, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. USDA FS, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Erickson, H (reprint author), Univ Metropolitana, Dept Sci & Technol, POB 21150, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Davidson, Eric/K-4984-2013 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Davidson, Eric/0000-0002-8525-8697 NR 63 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 19 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JAN PY 2002 VL 130 IS 2 BP 297 EP 308 DI 10.1007/s004420100801 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 522TB UT WOS:000173912100017 ER PT J AU Pitt, WC Ritchie, ME AF Pitt, WC Ritchie, ME TI Influence of prey distribution on the functional response of lizards SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID HOST-PARASITOID INTERACTIONS; PREDATOR; STABILITY; MODELS; HETEROGENEITY; ENVIRONMENTS; AGGREGATION; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; ACARINA AB We experimentally examined the effect of invertebrate prey distribution on the functional response of a vertebrate predator. We predicted how predator consumption of prey would change with prey distribution using a scale-dependent foraging model. This model predicted that prey consumption rate should decrease as a fixed density of resources becomes more dispersed in space as measured by its fractal dimension. The model incorporates an explicit description of the spatial distribution of prey into classical optimal foraging theory. We tested this prediction with foraging trials involving lizards feeding on grasshoppers in experimental arenas with a single grass species as vegetation cover. We manipulated grasshopper distribution associated with this grass by manipulating the distribution of vegetation in arenas to yield different fractal dimensions. Skinks foraging in arenas with a few large clumps of vegetation (loss fractal dimension) captured significantly more prey at all prey densities than skinks foraging in arenas with many small clumps but not necessarily more evenly dispersed (high fractal dimension). These results support the predictions of the spatially dependent foraging model, and show that prey dispersion can strongly modify the predator functional response. C1 Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84321 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Pitt, WC (reprint author), Utah State Univ, NWRC Predator Ecol, UMC 5295, USDA,APHIS,WS, Logan, UT 84321 USA. NR 47 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 15 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD JAN PY 2002 VL 96 IS 1 BP 157 EP 163 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.960117.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 524UX UT WOS:000174032200017 ER PT S AU Maier, F Nute, D Potter, WD Wang, J Twery, M Rauscher, HM Knopp, P Thomasma, S Dass, M Uchiyama, H AF Maier, F Nute, D Potter, WD Wang, J Twery, M Rauscher, HM Knopp, P Thomasma, S Dass, M Uchiyama, H BE Meersman, R Tari, Z TI PROLOG/RDBMS integration in the NED intelligent information system SO ON THE MOVE TO MEANINGFUL INTERNET SYSTEMS 2002: COOPLS, DOA, AND ODBASE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Confederated Conferences CoopIS, DOA and ODBASE CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2002 CL UNIV CALIF IRVINE, IRVINE, CALIFORNIA SP Boeing, OntoWeb, Telecordia Technol HO UNIV CALIF IRVINE C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Artificial Intelligence, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Burlington, VT USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Burlington, VT USA. RP Maier, F (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Artificial Intelligence, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-00106-9 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2002 VL 2519 BP 528 EP 528 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BW71K UT WOS:000182919000035 ER PT J AU Kanis, JA Black, D Cooper, C Dargent, P Dawson-Hughes, B De Laet, C Delmas, P Eisman, J Johnell, O Jonsson, B Melton, L Oden, A Papapoulos, S Pols, H Rizzoli, R Silman, A Tenenhouse, A AF Kanis, JA Black, D Cooper, C Dargent, P Dawson-Hughes, B De Laet, C Delmas, P Eisman, J Johnell, O Jonsson, B Melton, L Oden, A Papapoulos, S Pols, H Rizzoli, R Silman, A Tenenhouse, A CA Int Osteoporosis Fdn Natl Osteoporosis Fdn USA TI A new approach to the development of assessment guidelines for osteoporosis SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; NATIONAL REGISTER SOURCES; HIP FRACTURE; ELDERLY WOMEN; RISK-FACTORS; PREDICTION; MEN; POPULATION; DIAGNOSIS; MARKERS C1 Univ Sheffield, WHO Ctr Metab Bone Dis, Sheffield S10 2RX, S Yorkshire, England. Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Clin Epidemiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Southampton, MRC, Environm Epidemiol Unit, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. INSERM, Paris, France. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Erasmus MC, Inst Publ Hlth, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Hop Edouard Herriot, INSERM, Res Unit, Lyon, France. St Vincents Hosp, Garvan Inst Med Res, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia. Malmo Gen Hosp, Dept Orthopaed, Malmo, Sweden. Stockholm Sch Econ, Dept Econ, Stockholm, Sweden. Mayo Clin, Clin Epidemiol Sect, Rochester, MN USA. Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Endocrinol, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Univ Hosp, Div Bone Dis, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Manchester, ARC Epidemiol Res Unit, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Montreal Gen Hosp, Div Bone Metab, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Kanis, JA (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, WHO Ctr Metab Bone Dis, Beech Rd, Sheffield S10 2RX, S Yorkshire, England. RI Eisman, John/C-2886-2014 NR 61 TC 195 Z9 205 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING GU7 3DJ, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PY 2002 VL 13 IS 7 BP 527 EP 536 DI 10.1007/s001980200069 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 576JB UT WOS:000176999400002 PM 12111012 ER PT J AU Dawson-Hughes, B Harris, SS Dallal, GE Lancaster, DR Zhou, Q AF Dawson-Hughes, B Harris, SS Dallal, GE Lancaster, DR Zhou, Q TI Calcium supplement and bone medication use in a US medicare health maintenance organization SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE bone medication; calcium; estrogen; Health Maintenance Organization; survey ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; VERTEBRAL FRACTURE; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; ELDERLY WOMEN; VITAMIN-D; RISK; OSTEOPOROSIS; RISEDRONATE; CALCITONIN; DENSITY AB This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of the use of calcium supplements and of prescription medications to prevent or treat osteoporosis in men and women in a large New England Medicare Health Maintenance Organization (HMO). A two-page diet, medication use and medical history questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 9000 out of 82 985 members and 2932 (32.6%) responded. Over 97% of the participants were Caucasian and 64.7% were female. The mean ages of the men and women were 74.4 +/- 5.8 and 74.6 +/- 6.2 years, respectively. Sixty-nine percent of the men and 59% of the women consumed two or fewer servings of dairy foods per day. Calcium supplement use was more prevalent among the women than the men (66.8% vs 24.9%, p < 0.001). Men and women with higher dairy food intakes were more likely to take calcium supplements than were those with lower dairy intakes. Prescription bone medications (including bisphosphonates, raloxifene and calcitonin) were used currently by 17.5% of the women and 2.3% of the men (p < 0.001). An additional 16.2% of the women currently took estrogen. Among the women, bone medication use did not change with age but estrogen use declined with increasing age. Among women age 80+ years, 15.6% used bone medications and 4.9% took estrogen. According to a national survey, more than half the US Caucasian female population over age 80 years has bone density low enough to warrant treatment under current guidelines. Based on the results of this survey, many elderly men and women may benefit from increased utilization of calcium supplements and bone-active medications. C1 Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Calcium & Bone Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Hlth Plan, Watertown, MA USA. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Calcium & Bone Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING GU7 3DJ, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PY 2002 VL 13 IS 8 BP 657 EP 662 DI 10.1007/s001980200089 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 586YQ UT WOS:000177614100010 PM 12181625 ER PT J AU Blum, M Harris, SS Must, A Phillips, SM Rand, WM Dawson-Hughes, B AF Blum, M Harris, SS Must, A Phillips, SM Rand, WM Dawson-Hughes, B TI Household tobacco smoke exposure is negatively associated with premenopausal bone mass SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE bone mass; bone mineral density; household tobacco smoke ID CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN GIRLS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; MINERAL DENSITY; LIFE-STYLE; PERIMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; ADOLESCENT GROWTH; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; CALCIUM INTAKE; HIP FRACTURE; RISK-FACTORS AB Subjects exposed to environmental tobacco smoke have been found to be at increased risk for several health problems. Whether exposure to passive tobacco smoke is associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) is unknown. In order to examine this, we measured BMD in 154 healthy premenopausal women (age range 40-45 years). BMD of the total hip, femoral neck, lumbar spine and total body was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Data were collected on exposure to household tobacco smoke from age 10 years to the present as well as on other lifestyle factors related to bone mass. We found that 67.5% of the subjects had a history of household tobacco smoke exposure. Subjects exposed to household tobacco smoke had a mean adjusted BMD that was significantly lower at the total hip (p = 0.021) and femoral neck (p = 0.018) compared with subjects who were not exposed. In addition, duration of household tobacco smoke exposure was negatively associated with BMD at the total hip (p = 0.010), femoral neck (p = 0.004), lumbar spine (p = 0.037) and total body (p = 0.031). Subjects exposed to household tobacco smoke for 15 years or more had mean adjusted BMD that was 4% lower at the total body, and more than 8% lower at the total hip, femoral neck and lumbar spine, compared with subjects who were not exposed. In conclusion, household tobacco smoke exposure during adolescence and young adulthood was found to be negatively associated with BMD at the total hip and femoral neck, and duration of exposure was negatively associated with BMD at the total hip, femoral neck, lumbar spine and total body in premenopausal women. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, HNRC, Calcium & Bone Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Blum, M (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, HNRC, Calcium & Bone Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING GU7 3DJ, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PY 2002 VL 13 IS 8 BP 663 EP 668 DI 10.1007/s001980200090 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 586YQ UT WOS:000177614100011 PM 12181626 ER PT J AU Booth, SL AF Booth, SL TI Dietary vitamin K intakes and hip fracture risk SO OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Medford, MA 02155 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL ROAD, GODALMING GU7 3DJ, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 0937-941X J9 OSTEOPOROSIS INT JI Osteoporosis Int. PY 2002 VL 13 SU 1 BP S160 EP S160 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 552KH UT WOS:000175619200519 ER PT J AU Landolt, PJ AF Landolt, PJ TI Survival and development of Lacanobia subjuncta (Grote & Robinson) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) larvae on common weeds and crop plants of eastern Washington state SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE insecta; Lacanobia subjuncta; host plant; apple; potato AB Ten common weed species, four tree fruit crops and four row crops were evaluated as hosts for larvae of Lacanobia subjuncta (Grote & Robinson), a noctuid moth pest of apple in eastern Washington. A separate comparative evaluation was made of the suitability of five varieties of apple as hosts for L. subjuncta larvae. Development was completed, from neonate larva to adult, on nine of ten weed species and seven of eight crops tested, indicating a broad potential host range for this insect. High rates of survival to adult, short developmental times, and large pupal weights were noteworthy on the weeds bindweed, dandelion, and mallow, and on potato. In the comparison of apple varieties, highest rate of survival to adult was with Red Delicious, greatest pupal weights were with Red Delicious, Gala, and Fuji, and shortest development times were with Gala and Golden Delicious. Strong seasonal variation (May versus July) was indicated in the quality of apple foliage as food for L. subjuncta larvae. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Landolt, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 USA SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 78 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 537FT UT WOS:000174748800001 ER PT J AU Horton, DR Lewis, TM Hinojosa, T AF Horton, DR Lewis, TM Hinojosa, T TI Copulation duration in three species of anthocoris (Heteroptera : Anthocoridae) at different temperatures and effects on insemination and ovarian development SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE insecta; Anthocoridae; mating behavior; sperm transfer; copulation ID YELLOW DUNG FLY; SPERM TRANSFER; DIPTERA AB We compared duration of copulation among three species of predatory bugs: Anthocoris tomentosus Pericart, A. whitei Reuter, and A. nemoralis (Fabricius). Copulation duration at room temperatures (22-24degrees C) was longest in A. whitei ((x) over bar = 89.3 min), of intermediate length in A. tomentosus ((x) over bar = 40.0 min), and shortest in A. nemoralis ((x) over bar = 12.7 min). By interrupting mating pairs we showed that long duration copulations were more likely than short copulations to result in insemination and in ovarian maturation in the female. Probability of ovarian development following a shortened copulation was often lower than probability of insemination, suggesting that insemination alone was not always enough to prompt ovarian development. Size of the sperm reservoir in the female increased with increasing duration of copulation. Males of all species transferred seminal products for most of the copulation period, suggesting that the longer copulations noted for A. whitei and A. tomentosus (relative to duration in A. nemoralis) were not due to post-insemination mate-guarding by A. whitei or A. tomentosus. Copulation duration was longer at 15degrees C (range: 25-181 min) than at 25degrees C (range: 13-102 min). We interrupted mating pairs at both temperatures in all species to determine how the combined factors of temperature and copulation duration affect insemination rates and probability of oocyte maturation. For a given copulation duration, probability of insemination and oocyte maturation were higher at 25degrees C than at 15degrees C. Species' differences in copulation duration may reflect differences among species in how rapidly males transfer sperm, and that lower temperatures may make it physically more difficult for the male to force seminal products through the aedeagus. C1 USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Horton, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 USA SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 78 IS 1 BP 43 EP 55 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 537FT UT WOS:000174748800006 ER PT J AU Hoberg, EP Klassen, GJ AF Hoberg, EP Klassen, GJ TI Revealing the faunal tapestry: co-evolution and historical biogeography of hosts and parasites in marine systems SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review DE marine parasites; co-evolution; historical biogeography; marine biodiversity ID HALIOTREMA SPECIES MONOGENEA; RIBOSOMAL-RNA SEQUENCES; FRESH-WATER STINGRAYS; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; N-SP; COSTA-RICA; BOXFISHES TETRAODONTIFORMES; TAPEWORMS PLATYHELMINTHES AB Parasites are integral components of marine ecosystems, a general observation accepted by parasitologists, but often considered of trifling significance to the broader community of zoologists. Parasites, however, represent elegant tools to explore the origins, distribution and maintenance of biodiversity. Among these diverse assemblages, host and geographic ranges described by various helminths are structured and historically constrained by genealogical and ecological associations that can be revealed and evaluated using phylogenetic methodologies within the context of frameworks and hypotheses for co-evolution and historical biogeography. Despite over 200 years of sporadic investigations of helminth systematics, knowledge of parasite faunal diversity in chondrichthyan and osteichthyan fishes, seabirds and marine mammals remains to be distilled into a coherent and comprehensive picture that can be assessed using phylogenetic approaches. Phylogenetic studies among complex host-parasite assemblages that encompass varying temporal and geographic scales are the critical context for elucidating biodiversity and faunal structure, and for identifying historical and contemporary determinants of ecological organization and biogeographic patterns across the marine biosphere. Insights from phylogenetic inference indicate (1) the great age of marine parasite faunas; (2) a significant role for colonization in diversification across a taxonomic continuum at deep and relatively recent temporal scales; and (3) a primary role for allopatric speciation. Integration of ecological and phylogenetic knowledge from the study of parasites is synergistic, contributing substantial insights into the history and maintenance of marine systems. C1 ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ New Brunswick, Dept Biol, St John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada. RP Hoberg, EP (reprint author), ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, USDA, BARC E 1180, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 135 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 21 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PY 2002 VL 124 SU S BP S3 EP S22 DI 10.1017/S0031182002001841 PG 20 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 607VD UT WOS:000178810700002 PM 12396213 ER PT J AU Licudine, JA McQuate, GT Cunningham, RT Liquido, NJ Li, QX AF Licudine, JA McQuate, GT Cunningham, RT Liquido, NJ Li, QX TI Efficacy and residues of phloxine B and uranine for the suppression of Mediterranean fruit fly in coffee fields SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE phloxine B; uranine; coffee; insecticide; dissipation; fruit fly ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; XANTHENE DYES; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; DISSIPATION; EXTRACTION; TOXICITY; BAIT AB The field efficacy of a bait containing phloxine B, uranine and Provesta 621 protein was tested against Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata; Medfly) by aerial and ground spraying in about 84 ha of coffee fields in Kauai, Hawaii, USA. Concurrently, soil and crop samples were collected from the aerially sprayed field and its unsprayed control field for residue studies. Efficacy of the sprays was assessed through trapping with both protein-baited and trimedlure-baited traps and through the infestation level of coffee cherries collected at least three-quarters ripe. The C capitata population was low at the start of the aerial and ground spray studies, but dramatically increased in the control fields. This increase coincided with initial ripening of coffee cherries. During times of peak population levels, C capitata populations were reduced by more than 91% in the ground-sprayed field and 99% in the aerial-sprayed field, relative to the populations in their respective control fields and based on protein-baited trap catches. Results of residue analyses indicated that uranine dissipated quickly compared with phloxine B on coffee and soil. Coffee samples collected at pre-spray periods had phloxine B residues of 7.2-25.5 ng g(-1) on berries. Phloxine B concentrations were much higher on coffee leaves (163-1120 ng g(-1)). Lower concentrations of the dye were found from coffee samples collected during rainy days. Average phloxine B concentrations immediately after spraying were 56 and 2840 ng g (1) in coffee berries and leaves, respectively. Dissipation of phloxine B on berries was fast, with a half-life (t(1/2)) of 3 days. Dissipation of phloxine B on leaves was fitted to two linear phases: the initial (0-4 days) with a shorter t(1/2) of 3 days and the later phase (4-28 days) with a longer t(1/2) of 15 days. Average concentrations of phloxine B in the top soil ranged from 50 to 590 ng g(-1) at pre-spray. Phloxine B initial concentration (770 ng g(-1)) reached a plateau immediately after the last spraying, but showed a steady decline over time with t(1/2) of 16 days. Fast dissipation of the dyes in the field indicates that these chemicals may be environmentally compatible and therefore a promising alternative for fruit fly control. (C) 2001 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Mol Biosci & Biosyst Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP McQuate, GT (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 58 IS 1 BP 38 EP 44 DI 10.1002/ps.418 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 509XQ UT WOS:000173175800007 PM 11838283 ER PT J AU Tillman, PG Hammes, GG Sacher, M Connair, M Brady, EA Wing, KD AF Tillman, PG Hammes, GG Sacher, M Connair, M Brady, EA Wing, KD TI Toxicity of a formulation of the insecticide indoxacarb to the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera : Miridae), and the big-eyed bug, Geocoris punctipes (Hemiptera : Lygaeidae) SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Steward (TM); indoxacarb; insecticide susceptibility; Lygus lineolaris; Geocoris punctipes ID OXADIAZINE AB Indoxacarb is a new oxadiazine insecticide that has shown outstanding field insecticidal activity. The toxicity of a 145 g litre(-1) indoxacarb SC formulation (Steward(IV)) was studied on the tarnished plant bug Lygus lineolaris and the big-eyed bug Geocoris punctipes. Both insect species responded very similarly to indoxacarb in topical, tarsal contact and plant feeding toxicity studies. The topical LD50 of the formulation was c 35 ng All per insect for both species. Prolonged tarsal contact with dry indoxacarb residues did not result in mortality for either insect species. However, both species were susceptible to feeding through dried residues of indoxacarb after spraying on young cotton plants. Feeding on water-washed plants resulted in lower mortality than that observed with unwashed plants, and toxicity declined even more dramatically after a detergent rinse, indicating that much of the indoxacarb probably resides on the cotton leaf surface or in the waxy cuticle. These results were corroborated by HPLC-mass spectrometry measurements of indoxacarb residues on the plants. Greater mortality for both species was observed in a higher relative humidity environment. Higher levels of accumulated indoxacarb and its active metabolite were detected in dead G punctipes than in L lineolaris after feeding on sprayed, unwashed plants. When female G punctipes ate indoxacarb-treated Heliothis zea eggs, there was significant toxicity. However, only c 15% of the females consumed indoxacarb-treated eggs, and the rest of the females showed a significant diminution of feeding in response to the insecticide. Cotton field studies have shown that indoxacarb treatments at labelled rates lead to a dramatic decline in L lineolaris, with negligible declines in beneficial populations. A major route of intoxication of L lineolaris in indoxacarb-treated cotton fields thus appears to be via oral, and not cuticular, uptake of residues from treated cotton plants. The mechanisms for selectivity/safety for G punctipes are currently under investigation and may be a combination of differential feeding behavior and diminution of feeding by females exposed to indoxacarb-treated eggs. (C) 2001 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, CM & PL, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Hawkinsville, GA 31036 USA. Dupont Co Inc, Stine Haskell Res Ctr, Newark, DE 19714 USA. RP Tillman, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, CM & PL, Crop Protect & Management Res Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 58 IS 1 BP 92 EP 100 DI 10.1002/ps.426 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 509XQ UT WOS:000173175800014 PM 11838290 ER PT J AU Oliva, A Moraes, RM Watson, SB Duke, SO Dayan, FE AF Oliva, A Moraes, RM Watson, SB Duke, SO Dayan, FE TI Aryltetralin lignans inhibit plant growth by affecting the formation of mitotic microtubular organizing centers SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE podophyllotoxin; alpha-peltatin; beta-peltatin; etoposide; natural products mode of action; mitotic inhibitors ID PODOPHYLLUM-PELTATUM; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; HERBICIDES; CELLS; PHYTOTOXICITY; RESISTANCE; SYNTHETASE; TUBULIN; ROOTS AB The aryltetralin lignans podophyllotoxin, alpha-peltatin, and beta-peltatin, their respective O-beta-D-glucosides, and the semisynthetic derivative etoposide were tested for phytotoxicity. The aglycones were more potent inhibitors than their respective glucosides, and podophyllotoxin was the most active natural lignan tested. These compounds were more active against rye (Lolium multiflorum L.) and onion (Allium cepa L.) than lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The semisynthetic lignan etoposide was more active than any of the natural analogues and was phytotoxic to both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species. Inhibition of root growth was the main developmental response observed on plants tested with the lignans. At the cellular level, podophyllotoxin and etoposide caused similar symptoms in actively dividing meristematic cells of onion root tips. All phases of mitosis were inhibited by nearly 50%, relative to the controls. Both compounds also induced abnormal star anaphase chromosomal configurations. While the precise molecular mechanism of action of these compounds remains to be identified in plants, a primary effect is the alteration of the formation of the spindle microtubular organization centers, resulting in the formation of multiple spindle poles and an asymmetrical convergence of the chromosomes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Naples 2, Dept Life Sci, I-81100 Caserta, Italy. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Dev Nat Prod, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 42 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 72 IS 1 BP 45 EP 54 DI 10.1006/pest.2002.2582 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 521LF UT WOS:000173840900005 ER PT J AU Portis, AR Salvucci, ME AF Portis, AR Salvucci, ME TI The discovery of Rubisco activase - yet another story of serendipity SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE Arabidopsis; Calvin-Benson cycle; light regulation; William Ogren; Archie Portis; Simon Robinson; Rubisco; Michael Salvucci; Christopher Somerville; 2-carboxyarabinitol 1-phosphate ID RIBULOSE-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; 2-CARBOXYARABINITOL 1-PHOSPHATE; DIPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; SPINACH-CHLOROPLASTS; LIGHT-ACTIVATION; NOCTURNAL INHIBITOR; WHEAT SEEDLINGS; OXYGENASE; 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE AB A brief history of Rubisco (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase) research and the events leading to the discovery and initial characterization of Rubisco activase are described. Key to the discovery was the chance isolation of a novel Arabidopsis photosynthesis mutant. The characteristics of the mutant suggested that activation of Rubisco was not a spontaneous process in vivo, but involved a heritable factor. The search for the putative factor by 2D electrophoresis identified two polypeptides, genetically linked to Rubisco activation, that were missing in chloroplasts from the mutant. An assay for the activity of these polypeptides, which were given the name Rubisco activase, was developed after realizing the importance of including ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) in the assay. The requirement for ATP and the subsequent identification of activase as an ATPase came about fortuitously, the result of a RuBP preparation that was contaminated with adenine nucleotides. Finally, the ability of activase to relieve inhibition of the endogenous Rubisco inhibitor, 2-carboxyarabinitol1-phosphate, provided an early indication of the mechanism by which activase regulates Rubisco. C1 ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Portis, AR (reprint author), ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PY 2002 VL 73 IS 1-3 BP 257 EP 264 DI 10.1023/A:1020423802875 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 599EP UT WOS:000178321400033 ER PT J AU Tucker, DE Ort, DR AF Tucker, DE Ort, DR TI Low temperature induces expression of nitrate reductase in tomato that temporarily overrides circadian regulation of activity SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chilling; circadian rhythm; Lycopersicon esculentum; nitrogen metabolism; transcription ID SUCROSE-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE KINASE; PROTEIN-PHOSPHORYLATION; CHILLING-TEMPERATURES; SPINACH LEAVES; MESSENGER-RNA; LIGHT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PLANTS; DARK AB Overnight low-temperature exposure inhibits photosynthesis in chilling-sensitive species, such as tomato and cucumber, by as much as 60%. Earlier work showed that low temperature stalled the endogenous rhythm controlling transcription of certain nuclear-encoded genes in chilling-sensitive plants causing the synthesis of the corresponding transcripts and proteins to be mistimed upon rewarming. The activity of nitrate reductase (NR), the first and rate-limiting step in the assimilation of nitrate into amino acids in leaves, is subjected to a varied range of regulatory influences including a robust circadian rhythm. We show here that although NR regulation is disrupted by low temperatures, the change is transient and does not alter the phase of the NR endogenous rhythm following the chill. There is a temporary induction of de novo transcription of NR causing an increase in both NR protein and activity. This occurs regardless of the time in the circadian cycle that the chilling episode is initiated thereby decoupling the normally closely coordinated processes of carbon and nitrogen assimilation. This decoupling would be expected to deplete cellular reductant and carbon skeleton reserves as well as allow accumulation of cytotoxic intermediates of nitrogen assimilation thereby contributing to the low temperature induced disruption of metabolism that takes place in photosynthetic cells of chilling sensitive plant species. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Ort, DR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, 1201 W Gregory Dr,190 ERML, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PY 2002 VL 72 IS 3 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1023/A:1019892310988 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 586MP UT WOS:000177588000007 ER PT J AU Bunce, JA AF Bunce, JA TI Sensitivity of infrared water vapor analyzers to oxygen concentration and errors in stomatal conductance SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; infrared analyzers; oxygen; photosynthesis; stomatal conductance; transpiration; water vapor ID ELEVATED CO2; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Use of infrared analyzers to measure water vapor concentrations in photosynthesis systems is becoming common. It is known that sensitivity of infrared carbon dioxide and water vapor analyzers is affected by the oxygen concentration in the background gas, particularly for absolute analyzers, but the potential for large errors in estimates of stomatal conductance due to effects of oxygen concentration on the sensitivity of infrared water vapor analyzers is not widely recognized. This work tested three types of infrared water vapor analyzers for changes in sensitivity of infrared water vapor analyzers depending on the oxygen content of the background gas. It was found that changing from either 0 or 2% to 21% oxygen in nitrogen decreased the sensitivity to water vapor for all three types of infrared water vapor analyzers by about 4%. The change in sensitivity was linear with oxygen mole fraction. The resulting error in calculated stomatal conductance would depend strongly on the leaf to air vapor pressure difference and leaf temperature, and also on whether leaf temperature was directly measured or calculated from energy balance. Examples of measurements of gas exchange on soybean leaves under glasshouse conditions indicated that changing from 21% to 2% oxygen produced an artifactual apparent increase in stomatal conductance which averaged about 30%. Similar errors occurred for `conductances' of wet filter paper. Such errors could affect inferences about the carbon dioxide dependence of the sensitivity of photosynthesis to oxygen. C1 ARS, ACSL, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bunce, JA (reprint author), ARS, ACSL, Inst Plant Sci, USDA,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 5 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-8595 J9 PHOTOSYNTH RES JI Photosynth. Res. PY 2002 VL 71 IS 3 BP 273 EP 276 DI 10.1023/A:1015529909457 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 554RC UT WOS:000175750100008 ER PT B AU Upper, CD Hirano, SS AF Upper, CD Hirano, SS BE Lindow, SE HechtPoinar, EI Elliott, VJ TI Revisiting the roles of immigration and growth in the development of populations of Pseudomonas syringae in the phyllosphere SO PHYLLOSPHERE MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on the Microbiology of Aerial Plant Surfaces CY AUG 03-07, 2000 CL UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, BERKELEY, CA SP Agraquest, Agtrol Int, Betsy Krieg Family Fund, Blackwell Sci Publ, Elsevier Sci Publ, Griffin Chem, Pacific Gas & Elect Co, Plant Hlth Technologies, Univ Calif Biotechnol Program, Univ Calif Berkeley Coll Nat Resources, USDA, Natl Res Initiat, Valent USA Inc HO UNIV CALIF BERKELEY ID SNAP BEAN LEAFLETS; EPIPHYTIC BACTERIA; DISPERSAL; PLANTS; LEAVES C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Upper, CD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA BN 0-89054-286-4 PY 2002 BP 69 EP 79 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Microbiology; Mycology SC Plant Sciences; Microbiology; Mycology GA BU56D UT WOS:000176359400005 ER PT J AU Bytnerowicz, A AF Bytnerowicz, A TI Physiological/ecological interactions between ozone and nitrogen deposition in forest ecosystems SO PHYTON-ANNALES REI BOTANICAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Responses of Plant Metabolism to Air Pollution and Global Change CY NOV 01-04, 2001 CL INST SOIL SCI & PLANT CULTIVAT, PULAWY, POLAND HO INST SOIL SCI & PLANT CULTIVAT DE air pollution; O-3; nitrogenous air pollutants; N deposition; forests ID SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES MICHX; PONDEROSA PINE-SEEDLINGS; DRY ACIDIC DEPOSITION; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; AIR-POLLUTION; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; SIERRA-NEVADA AB Ozone (O-3) is considered as the main factor in the air pollution-related decline of forests in North America and Europe. Decline of ponderosa and Jeffrey pines in the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California and pronounced foliar injury of these species in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of central California are well-known examples of the O-3 effects. Other components of photochemical smog, especially nitrogenous (N) compounds, may also play an important role in the observed changes in forests and other ecosystems. Although direct effects of HNO3 Vapor and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) have not been observed in field conditions, these pollutants have a potential for causing foliar injury of sensitive plants at elevated concentrations. In addition, long-term dry deposition of N gases and particles as well as wet deposition of NO3- and NH4+ can significantly change plant N status. Below critical load (threshold) values of N deposition, changes in phenology of plants, higher rates of physiological processes, changed chemical composition, altered biochemical processes and improved growth of plants may occur. At levels exceeding N critical load, nutrient deficiencies and other negative effects may lead to decreased growth of trees and changes in species composition. Possible biochemical, physiological, and ecological effects Of O-3 and N deposition singly and in combination, mainly based on results of studies performed in mixed conifer forest of California, are discussed. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Bytnerowicz, A (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 88 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU FERDINAND BERGER SOEHNE PI HORN PA WIENER STRASSE 21-23, A-3580 HORN, AUSTRIA SN 0079-2047 J9 PHYTON-ANN REI BOT A JI Phyton-Ann. REI Bot. PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 13 EP 28 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 636RH UT WOS:000180470000003 ER PT J AU Henneberry, TJ AF Henneberry, TJ TI Transgenic cotton: The quandary of pink bollworm resistance development in the southwestern United States growing areas SO PHYTOPARASITICA LA English DT Editorial Material ID PECTINOPHORA-GOSSYPIELLA SAUNDERS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXIN; LEPIDOPTERA; GELECHIIDAE C1 ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Henneberry, TJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PRIEL PUBL PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2385, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-2123 J9 PHYTOPARASITICA JI Phytoparasitica PY 2002 VL 30 IS 4 BP 331 EP 334 DI 10.1007/BF02979680 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 579WX UT WOS:000177202400001 ER PT J AU Lichtenzveig, J Winter, P Abbo, S Shtienberg, D Kaiser, WJ Kahl, G AF Lichtenzveig, J Winter, P Abbo, S Shtienberg, D Kaiser, WJ Kahl, G TI Towards the first linkage map of the Didymella rabiei genome SO PHYTOPARASITICA LA English DT Article DE Ascochyta blight; chickpea; DAF; linkage map; molecular markers; ploidy level; STMS ID ASCOCHYTA-RABIEI; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CHICKPEA; PATHOGEN; BLIGHT; LOCUS AB A genetic map was developed for the ascomycete Didymella rabiei (Kovachevski) v. Arx (anamorph: Ascochyta rabiei Pass. Labr.), the causal agent of Ascochyta blight in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The map was generated with 77 F, progeny derived from crossing an isolate from the U.S.A. and an isolate from Syria. A total of 232 DAF (DNA Amplification Fingerprinting) primers and 37 STMS (Sequence-Tagged Microsatellite Site) primer pairs were tested for polymorphism between the parental isolates; 50 markers were mapped, 36 DAFs and 14 STMSs.. These markers cover 261.4cM in ten linkage groups. Nineteen markers remained unlinked. Significant deviation from the expected 1:1 segregation ratios was observed for only two markers (Prob. of chi(2) < 0.05). The implications of our results on ploidy level of the asexual spores are discussed. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr Food & Environm Qual Sci, Dept Field Crops, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Frankfurt, Bioctr, Dept Plant Mol Biol, D-60439 Frankfurt, Germany. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Lichtenzveig, J (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr Food & Environm Qual Sci, Dept Field Crops, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PRIEL PUBL PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2385, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-2123 J9 PHYTOPARASITICA JI Phytoparasitica PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 467 EP 472 DI 10.1007/BF02979751 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 603MU UT WOS:000178564100005 ER PT J AU Jones, RW Prusky, D AF Jones, RW Prusky, D TI Expression of an antifungal peptide in Saccharomyces: A new approach for biological control of the postharvest disease caused by Colletotrichum coccodes SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antifungal peptides; biocontrol mechanism ID CECROPIN-B; IMMUNITY; TOBACCO; CITRUS; DECAY AB A cecropin A-based peptide inhibited germination of Colletotrichum coccodes at 50 muM. The DNA sequence encoding the peptide was cloned in pRS413, using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase leader sequence for secretion of the peptide, and expressed in yeast. Yeast transformants inhibited the growth of germinated C, coccodes spores and inhibited decay development caused by C. coccodes in tomato fruits. Expression of the antifungal peptide in yeast therefore represents a new approach for the biological control of postharvest diseases. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Dept Postharvest Sci Fresh Prod, Inst Technol & Storage Agr Prod, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. RP Prusky, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 26 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD JAN PY 2002 VL 92 IS 1 BP 33 EP 37 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.1.33 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 506CQ UT WOS:000172952700003 PM 18944136 ER PT J AU Conklin, AE Erich, MS Liebman, M Lambert, D Gallandt, ER Halteman, WA AF Conklin, AE Erich, MS Liebman, M Lambert, D Gallandt, ER Halteman, WA TI Effects of red clover (Trifolium pratense) green manure and compost soil amendments on wild mustard (Brassica kaber) growth and incidence of disease SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; Brassica kaber; green manure; phenolics; Pythium; soil bioassay ID PLANT-PATHOGENS; COVER CROPS; PYTHIUM; GERMINATION; PHENOL; FOLIN; WATER; WHEAT AB Using a soil bioassay technique, seedling growth and incidence of disease of wild mustard (Brassica kaber) and sweet corn (Zea mays) were assessed in soil from field plots that received either of two treatments: incorporated red clover (Trifolium pratense) residue plus application of compost ('amended soil'), or application of ammonium nitrate fertilizer ('unamended soil'). Soils were analyzed for percent moisture, dissolved organic carbon, conductivity, phenolics, and nutrient content. A trend toward greater incidence. of Pythium spp. infection of wild mustard seedlings grown in amended soil was observed during the first 40 days after incorporation (DAI) of red clover and compost, with significant differences (alpha = 0.05) at two out of four sampling dates in 1997, and four out of four sampling dates in 1998. Incidence of Pythium infection was 10-70% greater in the amended soil treatment during that period. Asymptomatic wild mustard seedlings grown in amended soil were also on average 2.5 cm shorter (alpha = 0.05) at 5 DAI than those grown in unamended soil in one year out of two. Concentration of phenolic compounds in soil solution was weakly correlated with decreased shoot and root growth (r = 0.50, 0.28, respectively) and increased incidence of disease (r = 0.48) in wild mustard seedlings in one year out of two. Dissolved organic carbon concentration was weakly correlated with increased disease in wild mustard seedlings in both years (r = 0.51, 0.33, respectively). Growth of corn seedlings did not differ between the two soil treatments, suggesting that red clover green manure and compost may selectively reduce density and competitive ability of wild mustard in the field. Bioassay results corresponded well with emergence and shoot weight results from a related field study, indicating that this technique may be useful for screening potential soil treatments prior to field studies. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. ARS, USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Math & Stat, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Erich, MS (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Plant Soil & Environm Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 38 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 2002 VL 238 IS 2 BP 245 EP 256 DI 10.1023/A:1014448612066 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 534FH UT WOS:000174573500007 ER PT J AU Kokalis-Burelle, N Vavrina, CS Rosskopf, EN Shelby, RA AF Kokalis-Burelle, N Vavrina, CS Rosskopf, EN Shelby, RA TI Field evaluation of plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria amended transplant mixes and soil solarization for tomato and pepper production in Florida SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE methyl bromide; rhizobacteria; root-knot nematode; solarization; transplant amendments; vegetables ID SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE; BIOCONTROL AGENTS; ROOT-ROT; CHITOSAN; PATHOGENS; INDUCTION; CROWN AB Field trials were performed in Florida to evaluate tomato and pepper transplants amended with formulations of several plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in a production system that included soil solarization. Transplants grown in five different formulations of PGPR were planted into plots treated by soil solarization, MeBr fumigation, or untreated soil. Treatments were assessed for incidence of several naturally occurring tomato and pepper pathogens including root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and species of Pythium, Phytophthora, and Fusarium. Highly significant increases in tomato and pepper transplant growth occurred in response to most formulations of PGPR tested. Transplant vigor and survival in the field were improved by PGPR treatments in both tomato and pepper. Diseases of tomato caused by root-knot nematodes, Fusarium, Phytophthora, and Pythium were not affected by PGPR treatments. PGPR formulation LS261 reduced numbers of root-knot nematode galls on pepper while pepper root condition was improved with formulations LS213, LS256 and LS261. Individual PGPR strains affected the number of Pythium colonies isolated from pepper roots, but did not affect isolation of Pythium from tomato roots. Greater numbers of colonies of Pythium were isolated from pepper roots in the MeBr treatment and fewest in the solarization treatment. Numbers of colony forming units of Fusarium were significantly higher in the untreated soil than in MeBr fumigated or solarized soil with no effect of PGPR on isolation of Fusarium from either crop. Incidence of wilt symptoms on tomato was significantly lower in MeBr treated plots and highest in the untreated plots. Yield of extra large tomato fruit and total yield increased with PGPR formulation LS256. Yield of pepper was increased with formulations LS255 and LS256. Solarization combined with LS256 on pepper produced yields comparable to MeBr. C1 ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. Univ Florida, Immokalee, FL USA. ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL USA. RP Kokalis-Burelle, N (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL USA. NR 26 TC 84 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 2002 VL 238 IS 2 BP 257 EP 266 DI 10.1023/A:1014464716261 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 534FH UT WOS:000174573500008 ER PT J AU Rillig, MC Wright, SF Eviner, VT AF Rillig, MC Wright, SF Eviner, VT TI The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and glomalin in soil aggregation: comparing effects of five plant species SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE grassland; hyphae; path analysis; water-stable aggregates ID ORGANIC-MATTER; HYPHAE; ROOTS; MECHANISMS; STABILITY; PRAIRIE; STABILIZATION; GRASSLANDS; PROTEIN AB Soil aggregation and soil structure are fundamental properties of natural and managed ecosystems. However, most of our knowledge on the role of plant species in soil aggregation is derived from work in agroecosystems or with agriculturally important plants. Here we examined the effects of five plant species on soil aggregate water stability. The five species (three grasses, one forb, and a legume) were from the same natural grassland, and were grown in monoculture plots in the field. Our first goal was to test if productivity-related or species-specific factors would prevail in determining soil aggregation. We also tested what the relative importance of the soil protein glomalin (produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF) in soil aggregation is, compared to other factors, including AMF hyphal and root length and percent plant cover. We found significant differences in soil aggregate water stability (1-2 mm size class) for the five plant species examined, and corresponding differences in plant cover, root weight and length, AMF soil hyphal length, and glomalin concentrations. A structural equation modeling approach (path analysis) was used to distinguish direct from indirect effects of factors on soil aggregation based on covariance structures. Root length, soil glomalin, and percent cover contributed equally strong paths to water-stable aggregation. The direct effect of glomalin was much stranger than the direct effect of AMF hyphae themselves, suggesting that this protein is involved in a very important hypha-mediated mechanism of soil aggregate stabilization, at least for the 1-2-mm size class of aggregates. C1 Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Microbial Ecol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. ARS, USDA, SMSL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rillig, MC (reprint author), Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Microbial Ecol Program, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RI Rillig, Matthias/B-3675-2009 OI Rillig, Matthias/0000-0003-3541-7853 NR 29 TC 166 Z9 210 U1 12 U2 123 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JAN PY 2002 VL 238 IS 2 BP 325 EP 333 DI 10.1023/A:1014483303813 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 534FH UT WOS:000174573500016 ER PT J AU Volk, GM Lynch-Holm, VJ Kostman, TA Goss, LJ Franceschi, VR AF Volk, GM Lynch-Holm, VJ Kostman, TA Goss, LJ Franceschi, VR TI The role of druse and raphide calcium oxalate crystals in tissue calcium regulation in Pistia stratiotes leaves SO PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calcium; calcium oxalate; crystals; Pistia stratiotes; oxalate oxidase ID CANAVALIA-ENSIFORMIS DC; GLEDITSIA-TRIACANTHOS L; LEMNA-MINOR-L; ISOLATED LEAFLETS; OXALIC-ACID; PLANTS; IDIOBLASTS; PATTERNS; PROTEINS; MATRIX AB Ca oxalate crystal formation was examined in Pistia stratiotes L. leaves during excess Ca and Ca-deficient conditions. Pistia produces druse crystal idioblasts in the adaxial mesophyll and raphide idioblasts in the abaxial aerenchyma. Raphide crystals were previously found to grow bidirectionally, and here we show that Ca is incorporated along the entire surfaces of developing druse crystals, which are coated with membrane-bound microprojections. Leaves formed on plants grown on 0 Ca medium have fewer and smaller druse crystals than leaves formed under 5 mM Ca ("control") conditions, while raphide crystal formation is completely inhibited. When plants were moved from 0 to 15 mM ("high") Ca, the size and number of crystals in new leaves returned to (druse) or exceeded (raphide) control levels. High Ca also induced formation of druse, but not raphide, crystals in differentiating chlorenchyma cells. When plants were transferred from 15 mM Ca to 0 Ca, young druse crystals were preferentially partially dissolved. Oxalate oxidase, an enzyme that degrades oxalate, increased during Ca deficiency and was localized to the crystal surfaces. The more dynamic nature of druse crystals is not due to hydration form as both crystal types are shown to be monohydrate. Part of the difference may be because raphide idioblasts have developmental constraints that interfere with a more flexible response to changing Ca. These studies demonstrate that excess Ca can be stored as Ca oxalate, the Ca can be remobilized under certain conditions, and different forms of Ca oxalate have different roles in bulk Ca regulation. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Seed Storage Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. RP Franceschi, VR (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 41 TC 64 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 14 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1435-8603 J9 PLANT BIOLOGY JI Plant Biol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 4 IS 1 BP 34 EP 45 DI 10.1055/s-2002-20434 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 530UQ UT WOS:000174377700007 ER PT B AU Nielsen, NC Herman, E AF Nielsen, NC Herman, E BE Renard, D Valle, GD Popineau, Y TI The future prospects for broadening soybean utilization by altering glycinin SO PLANT BIOPOLYMER SCIENCE: FOOD AND NON-FOOD APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Plant Biopolymer Science CY JUN 25-27, 2001 CL NANTES, FRANCE SP INRA ID 11S SEED GLOBULINS; BETA-CONGLYCININ; PROTEIN; ALLERGEN; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; PHASEOLIN; VACUOLES; BODIES AB Cultivated soybeans, that contain about 40% protein and 20% oil on a dry weight basis, are one of the richest sources for plant protein, albeit sulfur deficient, among crop species. Seven glycinin genes encode the 11S storage globulin gene family in soybean. Each gene has been cloned and sequenced. Six are functional genes expressed in varying amounts in seeds, while the seventh lacks the 3'-end of its coding region and is nonfunctional. The initial translation products from the glycinin genes in cotyledons are preproproteins. After cotranslational removal of a signal peptide, and chaperon-mediated subunit folding in rough endoplasmic reticulum, the 3S proglycinin monomers assemble into 9S trimers. The trimers are transported via the endomembrane system through the Golgi apparatus to storage vacuoles where they are deposited after post-translational modification by a specific asparaginyl endopeptidase and transformed into the stored 11S hexamer oligomer. Soybeans and legumes in general are deficient in sulfur amino acids. Attempts to increase methionine content by expressing high-methionine engineered glycinin in tobacco seeds have resulted in post-translational instability indicating that there are hurdles to engineering and expressing improved variants of glycinin. One solution to this problem may be found in soybean knockouts of conglycinin, the 7S storage protein, resulting in up-regulation of one of the glycinin genes, and these seeds produce compensating levels of total seed protein in transgenic soybeans. The glycinin that is induced is sequestered in ER-derived protein bodies that may prove useful as a storage site for not only modified glycinin but also as a means to produce novel proteins in transgenic soybeans. The wide use of soybean protein as human and animal food presents a large potential to have broad impact on agriculture by engineering soybeans. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Nielsen, NC (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 0-85404-856-1 PY 2002 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1039/9781847551672-00013 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology SC Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology GA BU54P UT WOS:000176288500002 ER PT J AU Stanturf, JA Madsen, P AF Stanturf, JA Madsen, P TI Restoration concepts for temperate and boreal forests of North America and Western Europe SO PLANT BIOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference n Forest Ecosystems: Ecology Conservation and Sustainable Management CY AUG 15-21, 2000 CL CHENGDU, PEOPLES R CHINA DE afforestation; biodiversity; disturbance; reforestation; rehabilitation ID MISSISSIPPI ALLUVIAL VALLEY; FIELD AFFORESTATION; RIPARIAN AREAS; PONDEROSA PINE; REFORESTATION; CONSERVATION; ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; SEDIMENT; DYNAMICS AB Throughout the boreal and temperate zones, forest restoration efforts attempt to counteract negative effects of conversion to other land use (afforestation and remediation) and disturbance and stress on existing forests (rehabilitation). Appropriate silvicultural practices can be designed for any forest restoration objective. Most common objectives include timber, wildlife habitat for game species, or aesthetics. Increasingly other objectives are considered, including carbon sequestration, biological diversity, non-game mammals and birds, endangered animals and plants, protection of water quality and aquatic resources, and recreation. Plantation forestry remains the most effective approach to restoration of forest cover to large areas, and recent trends toward more complex plantations are explored. Rehabilitation of degraded forests increasingly relies on re-establishing natural disturbance regimes and emphasizes "close-to-nature" approaches to regeneration and stand management. The objectives of this paper are to clarify concepts of forest restoration and to present examples of restoration activities in temperate and boreal forests of North America and Western Europe. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Forest & Landscape, DK-7100 Vejle, Denmark. RP Stanturf, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 NR 89 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 7 U2 43 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1126-3504 J9 PLANT BIOSYST JI Plant Biosyst. PY 2002 VL 136 IS 2 BP 143 EP 158 DI 10.1080/11263500212331351049 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 672BD UT WOS:000182500200003 ER PT B AU Xin, ZG AF Xin, ZG BE Li, PH Palva, ET TI Molecular cloning of Eskimo1 gene of Arabidopsis reveals novel mechanism of freezing tolerance SO PLANT COLD HARDINESS: GENE REGULATION AND GENETIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Plant Cold Hardiness Seminar (PCHS) CY JUL 01-05, 2001 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP Bioctr Viikki, Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Grad Sch Biotechnol & Molec Biol Res Programme Plant Biol, Merck Eurolab, Viikki Grad Sch Biosci, Plant Molec Biol, Forest Biotechnol Ctr Excellence 2001-2005 ID COLD-ACCLIMATION; ABSCISIC-ACID; COR15A GENE; THALIANA; EXPRESSION; ACCUMULATION; MUTANTS; PLANTS; STRESS; OVEREXPRESSION C1 USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Unit, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RP Xin, ZG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cropping Syst Res Lab, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Unit, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47286-4 PY 2002 BP 33 EP 41 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BV74U UT WOS:000179942800003 ER PT B AU Wisniewski, M Fuller, M Glenn, DM Gusta, L Duman, J Griffith, M AF Wisniewski, M Fuller, M Glenn, DM Gusta, L Duman, J Griffith, M BE Li, PH Palva, ET TI Extrinsic ice nucleation in plants - What are the factors involved and can they be manipulated? SO PLANT COLD HARDINESS: GENE REGULATION AND GENETIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Plant Cold Hardiness Seminar (PCHS) CY JUL 01-05, 2001 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP Bioctr Viikki, Univ Helsinki, Helsinki Grad Sch Biotechnol & Molec Biol Res Programme Plant Biol, Merck Eurolab, Viikki Grad Sch Biosci, Plant Molec Biol, Forest Biotechnol Ctr Excellence 2001-2005 ID INFRARED VIDEO THERMOGRAPHY; ACTIVE BACTERIA; BLACK-CURRANT; FROST INJURY; WINTER RYE; ANTIFREEZE; TEMPERATURE; PROPAGATION; TOLERANCE; PROTEINS C1 USDA ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Wisniewski, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47286-4 PY 2002 BP 211 EP 221 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BV74U UT WOS:000179942800015 ER PT J AU Long, DL Leonard, KJ Hughes, ME AF Long, DL Leonard, KJ Hughes, ME TI Virulence of Puccinia triticina on wheat in the United States in 1999 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE plant disease monitoring; Puccinia recondita; rust epidemiology; wheat leaf rust ID F-SP TRITICI; LEAF RUST; RECONDITA; DIVERSITY; POPULATIONS; CANADA; AREAS AB Isolates of Puccinia triticina were obtained from wheat leaf collections made by cooperators throughout the United States and from surveys of wheat fields and nurseries in the Great Plains, Ohio Valley, and Gulf Coast states in 1999. Pathogenic races were determined from virulence/avirulence phenotypes on 14 host lines that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance. We found 58 races among 1,180 isolates in 1999. As in previous surveys, regional race distribution patterns showed that the central United States is a single epidemiological unit distinct from the eastern United States. The distinctive racial composition of collections from the Southeast, Northeast, and Ohio Valley indicates that populations of P. triticina in those areas are not closely connected, suggesting epidemics originate from localized overwintering sources. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Long, DL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, Dept Plant Pathol, 1551 Lindig St, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 86 IS 1 BP 15 EP 19 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.1.15 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 504QE UT WOS:000172866700002 ER PT J AU Mueller, DS Dorrance, AE Derksen, RC Ozkan, E Kurle, JE Grau, CR Gaska, JM Hartman, GL Bradley, CA Pedersen, WL AF Mueller, DS Dorrance, AE Derksen, RC Ozkan, E Kurle, JE Grau, CR Gaska, JM Hartman, GL Bradley, CA Pedersen, WL TI Efficacy of fungicides on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and their potential for control of Sclerotinia stem rot on soybean SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID DICARBOXIMIDE RESISTANCE; SEED; TRIFOLIORUM; CULTIVARS; FIELDS AB Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a major disease in the north central region of the United States. One approach to managing Sclerotinia stem rot on soybean is the use of fungicides. S. sclerotiorum was assayed for sensitivity to benomyl, tebuconazole, thiophanate methyl, and vinclozolin in pure cultures on agar medium, inoculated soybean seedlings, detached inoculated leaves, and in experimental field plots. To evaluate the inhibitory effect of four fungicides on growth of S. sclerotiorum in vitro, potato dextrose agar (PDA) was amended with the fungicides at six concentrations. Based on measurements of fungal radial growth, vinclozolin was the most effective in inhibiting S. sclerotiorum mycelial growth at 1.0 mug a.i./ml of PDA. Ranges of reduction of radial growth of 91 isolates of S. sclerotiorum on PDA amended with thiophanate methyl and vinclozolin were 18 to 93% and 93 to 99%, respectively, when compared with the nonamended agar control. Benomyl, thiophanate methyl, and vinclozolin applied to greenhouse-grown seedlings prevented S. sclerotiorum from expressing symptoms or signs on leaf tissue. Detached leaves sprayed with thiophanate methyl and then inoculated with mycelial plugs of S. sclerotiorum did not express symptoms or signs. Of 13 different environments in Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, and Wisconsin from 1995 through 2000, six had low Sclerotinia stem rot incidence (<1%), three environments had low to moderate Sclerotinia stem rot incidence (5 to 25%), and four environments had high Sclerotinia stem rot incidence (> 25%). When disease incidence was high, no consistent control of Sclerotinia stem rot was observed with benomyl or thiophanate methyl using different application systems. However, under low disease incidence, spray systems that were able to penetrate the canopy reduced the incidence of Sclerotinia stem rot an average of 50%. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Ohio State Univ, USDA ARS, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Pedersen, WL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 28 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 86 IS 1 BP 26 EP 31 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.1.26 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 504QE UT WOS:000172866700004 ER PT J AU Chen, XM Moore, M Milus, EA Long, DL Line, RF Marshall, D Jackson, L AF Chen, XM Moore, M Milus, EA Long, DL Line, RF Marshall, D Jackson, L TI Wheat stripe rust epidemics and races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici in the United States in 2000 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Triticum aestivum; yellow rust ID RESISTANCE GENES; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; SEEDLING RESISTANCE; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; CULTIVARS; IDENTIFICATION; INHERITANCE; VIRULENCE AB Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is most destructive in the western United States and has become increasingly important in the south-central states. The disease has been monitored by collaborators through field surveys and in disease nurseries throughout the United States. In the year 2000, stripe rust occurred in more than 20 states throughout the country, which was the most widespread occurrence in recorded history. Although fungicide applications in many states reduced yield losses, the disease caused multimillion dollar losses in the United States, especially in Arkansas and California. One of the prevalent cultivars, RSI 5, had a yield loss of about 50% in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region of California. In the Pacific Northwest, wheat losses due to stripe rust were minimal because cultivars with durable resistance were widely grown and the weather in May 2000 was not favorable for the disease. To identify races of the pathogen, stripe rust collections from 20 states across the United States were analyzed on 20 wheat differential cultivars, including Clement (Yr9, YrCle), Compair (Yr8, Yr19), and the Yr8 and Yr9 near-isogenic lines. In 2000, 21 previously identified races and 21 new races were identified. Of the 21 new races, 8 were pathotypes with combinations of virulences previously known to exist in the United States, and 13 had virulences to one or more of the lines Yr8, Yr9, Clement, or Compair. This is the first report of virulence to Yr8 and Yr9 in the United States. Most of the new races were also virulent on Express. Races that are virulent on Express have been identified in California since 1998. The races virulent on Yr8, Yr9, and Express were widely distributed in California and states east of the Rocky Mountains in 2000. The epidemic in 2000 demonstrates that increased efforts to breed for stripe rust resistance are needed in California, the south-central states, and some other states in the Great Plains. Diversification of resistance genes and use of durable resistance should prevent large-scale and severe epidemics. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Physiol Qual & Dis Res Unit, Coll Agr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Plant Pathol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Res & Extens Ctr, Dallas, TX 75252 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Chen, XM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Physiol Qual & Dis Res Unit, Coll Agr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 60 TC 123 Z9 147 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 86 IS 1 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.1.39 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 504QE UT WOS:000172866700006 ER PT J AU Aguado-Santacruz, GA Garcia-Moya, E Creque, JA Meyer, S Flores-Flores, JL AF Aguado-Santacruz, GA Garcia-Moya, E Creque, JA Meyer, S Flores-Flores, JL TI Environmental factors and community dynamics at the southernmost part of the North American Graminetum - II. Temporal plant assemblages determined by rainfall patterns SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bouteloua gracilis; classification; community dynamics; community structure; grazing; North American grassland; rainfall; spatial heterogeneity ID SPECIES COMPOSITION; GRASSLAND; SHRUB; SOILS AB We have delineated the spatio-temporal plant assemblages prevailing under contrasting environmental conditions at the southernmost part of the North American Graminetum in central Mexico and discuss the relative importance of these factors in determining plant community structure and composition. 353 line-transect samples were collected during 11 years from exclosures and adjacent grazed areas within three Bouteloua-dominated grasslands and one Acacia schaffneri shrubland and analyzed using TWINSPAN. In addition, eight edaphic variables were utilized to evaluate similarities in soil properties among sites, using unweighted-pair groups method. Results from TWINSPAN were translated into mosaic patterns to show the distribution of communities as a function of environmental factors over time. Under no or moderate grazing, summer precipitation promotes an initial differentiation of vegetation into high, low or average rainfall communities. This situation is altered in grasslands degraded by intensive grazing pressure, where rainfall patterns play a subordinate role to that of livestock herbivory. Soil influences are secondary to those of precipitation and grazing in affecting grassland structure and composition. In shrubland, community stability is related to high floristic and edaphic spatial heterogeneity in the face of climatic variability. C1 Inst Nacl Invest Agropecuarias & Forestales, Celaya 38110, Gto, Mexico. Colegio Postgrad, Especialidad Bot, Montecillo 56230, Edo de Mexico, Mexico. Golden Bear Land & Water Bolinas, Bolinas, CA 94924 USA. US Forest Serv, Intermt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP Aguado-Santacruz, GA (reprint author), Inst Nacl Invest Agropecuarias & Forestales, Campo Expt Bajio,Apfo Postal 112, Celaya 38110, Gto, Mexico. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 158 IS 1 BP 49 EP 63 DI 10.1023/A:1014791402791 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 532TX UT WOS:000174492100005 ER PT J AU LaMotte, C Li, XY Jacobs, W Epstein, E AF LaMotte, C Li, XY Jacobs, W Epstein, E TI Quantitative relationship between indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid during leaf growth in Coleus blumei SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE ABA homeostasis; abscisic acid; Coleus blumei; GC-MS; IAA homeostasis; indole-3-acetic acid; leaf growth; Solenostemon scutellarioides ID RICINUS-COMMUNIS L; APICAL DOMINANCE; METABOLISM; TRANSPORT; LEAVES; IAA; ABA; ACCUMULATION; INHIBITION; XANTHIUM AB Quantitative determinations by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in growing leaves of Coleus blumei plants show parallel declines in leaf concentrations of both hormones, except in leaf number 3 (about three-fourths of full size) where IAA level was the lowest of those measured. Expansion of the most recently unfurled leaf to full size serves, in effect, to dilute both IAA and ABA about 1.7 to 1. Although absolute levels of leaf IAA varied as much as an order of magnitude from one batch of plants to another, ABA levels were proportional to the IAA level with an overall correlation coefficient of 0.91. Evidence, both correlative and causal, for the determination of ABA status by IAA-and of IAA status by ABA-in leaves and other developing organs is summarized. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Bot, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Swarthmore Coll, Dept Biol, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP LaMotte, C (reprint author), 4053 Magnolia Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 36 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1023/A:1014703209735 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 532TY UT WOS:000174492200004 ER PT B AU Smigocki, A Heu, S Buta, G AF Smigocki, A Heu, S Buta, G BE Mackay, WA TI Cytokinins as bioregulators promote insect resistance in plants transformed with the ipt gene SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Meeting of the Plant-Growth-Regulation-Society-of-America CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2002 CL HALIFAX, CANADA SP Plant Growth Regulat Soc Amer, Acadian Seaplants Ltd, AMVAC Chem Corp, Aventis CropSci, Dormex Co USA LLC, Dynamac Corp, Griffin LLC, PBI Gordon Corp, SePRO Corp, Stoller Enterprises Inc, Syngenta Profess Prod, Uniroyal Chem Co ID TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; EXPRESSION; DEFENSE; INHIBITION; SENESCENCE AB The expression of the bacterial cytokinin biosynthesis gene (PI-II-ipt) in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia plants has been associated with antifeedent and toxic effects on Manduca sexta and Myzus persicae larvae. To characterize the components responsible for the resistance, leaf extracts prepared from transgenic plants were bioassayed for insecticidal activity. Surface extracts killed 100% of M sexta second instars at concentrations of 0.05% (w/v). Partial purification by HPLC yielded a fraction that had three major peaks of molecular mass of 354, 374 and 472 daltons as determined by chemical ionization mass spectroscopy (CIMS). This fraction reduced the hatch rate of M. sexta eggs by 30% and killed first, second and third instars within 24, 48 and 72 hours of exposure, respectively. The extract was stable for up to 2 days at ambient temperatures and for longer than I year at 4degreesC when stored in the dark. In transgenic N. tabacum plants, similar antifeedent effects were observed but surface extracts were at least 20 times less active than those from transgenic N. plumbaginifolia plants. Partial characterization of the compounds indicates that they are oxygen-containing aliphatic molecules in the molecular weight range of diterpenes. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Smigocki, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR SOC AMERICA PI LAKE ALFRED PA 700 EXPERIMENT STN RD, LAKE ALFRED, FL 33850 USA PY 2002 BP 2 EP 7 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BV81G UT WOS:000180110900001 ER PT B AU Miller, SS Greene, GM Norelli, JL AF Miller, SS Greene, GM Norelli, JL BE Mackay, WA TI Vegetative growth control and other effects from prohexadione-calcium (Apogee((R))) in apple SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Meeting of the Plant-Growth-Regulation-Society-of-America CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2002 CL HALIFAX, CANADA SP Plant Growth Regulat Soc Amer, Acadian Seaplants Ltd, AMVAC Chem Corp, Aventis CropSci, Dormex Co USA LLC, Dynamac Corp, Griffin LLC, PBI Gordon Corp, SePRO Corp, Stoller Enterprises Inc, Syngenta Profess Prod, Uniroyal Chem Co ID TREE GROWTH; GIBBERELLINS; MANAGEMENT; ORCHARDS; QUALITY; CA AB Excess vegetative growth is a major problem for many apple (Malus xdomestica) orchards in the United States. The plant growth regulator prohexadione-calcium (Phd-Ca) (Apogee(R)), a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor, reduces shoot growth when applied to apple trees. Beginning at petal fall (PF) to 10 days after PF a single spray or multiple low-dose sprays reduced shoot extension growth by 20% to 70%. Timing of the initial spray was more important than rate of application for significant early growth suppression. The degree of growth suppression following foliar sprays of Phd-Ca differed among cultivars. By reducing vegetative growth Phd-Ca reduced pruning time in mature apple trees, enhanced spray penetration to the center of the tree canopy, reduced aphid populations and reduced the incidence of the shoot blight stage of fire blight. When Phd-Ca was used to control growth in 'Stayman' apple trees, fruit cracking increased. When Phd-Ca was mixed and applied with a calcium chloride spray, the growth control activity of the Phd-Ca was reduced. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Miller, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR SOC AMERICA PI LAKE ALFRED PA 700 EXPERIMENT STN RD, LAKE ALFRED, FL 33850 USA PY 2002 BP 72 EP 79 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BV81G UT WOS:000180110900016 ER PT B AU Tworkoski, T Miller, S AF Tworkoski, T Miller, S BE Mackay, WA TI Apple and peach tree response to scoring and restriction of trunks SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th Annual Meeting of the Plant-Growth-Regulation-Society-of-America CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2002 CL HALIFAX, CANADA SP Plant Growth Regulat Soc Amer, Acadian Seaplants Ltd, AMVAC Chem Corp, Aventis CropSci, Dormex Co USA LLC, Dynamac Corp, Griffin LLC, PBI Gordon Corp, SePRO Corp, Stoller Enterprises Inc, Syngenta Profess Prod, Uniroyal Chem Co ID GROWTH; QUALITY; YIELD AB Scoring tree trunks has been used to manage fruit tree growth but response to scoring has varied, possibly due to imprecision of cutting a tree with a saw blade or knife. Restricting trunk diameter enlargement with a band tightened to a specified tension could allow more precise trunk restriction for controlling vegetative growth. An experiment was conducted to compare the effects of scoring with banding of tree trunks on growth and yield in apple and peach trees. Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) trees were planted together near Kearneysville, WV in April 1997. In May 2000, three treatments were installed 20 cm above the graft union: (1) the trunk was cut to the secondary xylem in a double spiral pattern that did not girdle the trunk (score); (2) the trunk was completely encircled by a hose clamp to 11 kg-cm which was removed in Aug. (band); and (3) untreated control. In April 2001, four treatments were installed 20 cm above the graft union of different trees than those used in 2000: (1) score as described above; (2 and 3) band as described above but tightened to 28 kg-cm and 57 kg-cm; and (4) untreated control. In 2000 scoring suppressed growth of peach early in the growing season and growth of apple for the entire season. Banding did not significantly suppress shoot growth in either species but it reduced photosynthesis and altered carbohydrate partitioning. Results in 2001 were similar to those obtained during the 2000 growing season; scoring reduced apple but not peach tree growth and banding did not reduce growth in apple or peach. In 2001, banding increased yield per tree and soluble solids in apple fruit. It appeared that banding disrupted the physiology of both apple and peach trees by interfering with photosynthesis and carbohydrate partitioning but this altered physiology did not affect growth during the season of treatment. Scoring reduced shoot growth of apple trees during the first season but not the second season after treatment. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Tworkoski, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR SOC AMERICA PI LAKE ALFRED PA 700 EXPERIMENT STN RD, LAKE ALFRED, FL 33850 USA PY 2002 BP 193 EP 199 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BV81G UT WOS:000180110900048 ER PT J AU Athwal, GS Huber, SC AF Athwal, GS Huber, SC TI Divalent cations and polyamines bind to loop 8 of 14-3-3 proteins, modulating their interaction with phosphorylated nitrate reductase SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE 14-3-3 proteins; nitrate reductase; polyamines; cation-binding site; site-directed mutagenesis; truncated proteins ID METAL-ION BINDING; NATURAL POLYAMINES; INHIBITOR PROTEIN; PLANT-METABOLISM; RAPID MODULATION; OLERACEA LEAVES; SITE; 14-3-3-PROTEINS; IDENTIFICATION; FUSICOCCIN AB Binding of 14-3-3 proteins to nitrate reductase phosphorylated on Ser(543) (phospho-NR) inhibits activity and is responsible for the inactivation of nitrate reduction that occurs in darkened leaves. The 14-3-3-dependent inactivation of phospho-NR is known to require millimolar concentrations of a divalent cation such as Mg2+ at pH 7.5. We now report that micromolar concentrations of the polyamines, spermidine(4+) and spermine(3+), can substitute for divalent cations in modulating 14-3-3 action. Effectiveness of the polyamines decreased with a decrease of polycation charge: spermine(4+) > spermidine(3+) >>> cadavarine(2+) approximate to putrescine(2+) approximate to agmatine(2+) approximate to N-1-acetylspermidine(2+), indicating that two primary and at least one secondary amine group were required. C-terminal truncations of GF14omega, which encodes the Arabidopsis 14-3-3 isoform omega, indicated that loop 8 (residues 208-219) is the likely cation-binding site. Directed mutagenesis of loop 8, which contains the EF hand-like region identified in earlier studies, was performed to test the role of specific amino acid residues in cation binding. The E208A mutant resulted in a largely divalent cation-independent inhibition of phospho-NR activity, whereas the D219A mutant was fully Mg2+-dependent but had decreased affinity for the cation. Mutations and C-terminal truncations that affected the Mg2+ dependence of phospho-NR inactivation had similar effects on polyamine dependence. The results implicate loop 8 as the site of divalent cation and polyamine binding, and suggest that activation of 14-3-3s occurs, at least in part, by neutralization of negative charges associated with acidic residues in the loop. We propose that binding of polyamines to 14-3-3s could be involved in their regulation of plant growth and development. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. ARS, USDA, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Huber, SC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 50 TC 65 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 2 BP 119 EP 129 DI 10.1046/j.0960-7412.2001.01200.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 518TY UT WOS:000173685000001 PM 11851916 ER PT J AU Ow, DW AF Ow, DW TI Recombinase-directed plant transformation for the post-genomic era SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cre- lox; DNA integration; FLP-FRT; phiC31; site-specific recombination ID SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION; FREE TRANSGENIC PLANTS; YEAST FLP RECOMBINASE; AGROBACTERIUM T-DNA; CRE RECOMBINASE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; MEDIATED RECOMBINATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; ZYGOSACCHAROMYCES-ROUXII; TRANSIENT EXPRESSION AB Plant genomics promises to accelerate genetic discoveries for plant improvements. Machine-driven technologies are ushering in gene structural and expressional data at an unprecedented rate. Potential bottlenecks in this crop improvement process are steps involving plant transformation. With few exceptions, genetic transformation is an obligatory final step by which useful traits are engineered into plants. In addition, transgenesis is most often needed to confirm gene function, after deductions made through comparative genomics, expression profiles, and mutation analysis. This article reviews the use of recombinase systems to deliver DNA more efficiently into the plant genome. C1 ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ow, DW (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ow@pgec.ars.usda.gov RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010 NR 83 TC 98 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 48 IS 1-2 BP 183 EP 200 PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 510MC UT WOS:000173211000013 PM 11860209 ER PT J AU Coe, E Cone, K McMullen, M Chen, SS Davis, G Gardiner, J Liscum, E Polacco, M Paterson, A Sanchez-Villeda, H Soderlund, C Wing, R AF Coe, E Cone, K McMullen, M Chen, SS Davis, G Gardiner, J Liscum, E Polacco, M Paterson, A Sanchez-Villeda, H Soderlund, C Wing, R TI Access to the maize genome: An integrated physical and genetic map SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MARKERS C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Div Biol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Comp Sci & Comp Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Coe, E (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. OI Liscum, Emmanuel/0000-0002-8672-9315; Wing, Rod/0000-0001-6633-6226 NR 8 TC 73 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 128 IS 1 BP 9 EP 12 DI 10.1104/pp.010953 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 512YR UT WOS:000173351600004 PM 11788746 ER PT J AU Bago, B Zipfel, W Williams, RM Jun, J Arreola, R Lammers, PJ Pfeffer, PE Shachar-Hill, Y AF Bago, B Zipfel, W Williams, RM Jun, J Arreola, R Lammers, PJ Pfeffer, PE Shachar-Hill, Y TI Translocation and utilization of fungal storage lipid in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLOMUS INTRARADICES; CARBON METABOLISM; GIGASPORA-MARGARITA; BETA-OXIDATION; IN-VIVO; SPORES; PLANTS; MICROSCOPY; MYCELIUM; GROWTH AB The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is responsible for huge fluxes of photosynthetically fixed carbon from plants to the soil. Carbon is transferred from the plant to the fungus as hexose, but the main form of carbon stored by the mycobiont at all stages of its life cycle is triacylglycerol. Previous isotopic labeling experiments showed that the fungus exports this storage lipid from the intraradical mycelium (IRM) to the extraradical mycelium (ERM). Here, in vivo multiphoton microscopy was used to observe the movement of lipid bodies through the fungal colony and to determine their sizes, distribution, and velocities. The distribution of lipid bodies along fungal hyphae suggests that they are progressively consumed as they move toward growing tips. We report the isolation and measurements of expression of an AM fungal expressed sequence tag that encodes a putative acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase; its deduced amino acid sequence suggests that it may function in the anabolic flux of carbon from lipid to carbohydrate. Time-lapse image sequences show lipid bodies moving in both directions along hyphae and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of labeling patterns after supplying C-13-labeled glycerol to either extraradical hyphae or colonized roots shows that there is indeed significant bidirectional translocation between IRM and ERM. We conclude that large amounts of lipid are translocated within the AM fungal colony and that, whereas net movement is from the IRM to the ERM, there is also substantial recirculation throughout the fungus. C1 Estac Expt Zaidin, Dept Microbiol Suelo & Sistemas Simbiot, E-18008 Granada, Spain. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bago, B (reprint author), Estac Expt Zaidin, Dept Microbiol Suelo & Sistemas Simbiot, Calle Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain. RI Shachar-Hill, Yair/B-6165-2013; Zipfel, Warren/B-4059-2016 OI Shachar-Hill, Yair/0000-0001-8793-5084; Zipfel, Warren/0000-0003-2640-329X NR 57 TC 103 Z9 109 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 128 IS 1 BP 108 EP 124 DI 10.1104/pp.010466 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 512YR UT WOS:000173351600015 PM 11788757 ER PT J AU Johnson, EL Schmidt, WF Cooper, D AF Johnson, EL Schmidt, WF Cooper, D TI Flavonoids as chemotaxonomic markers for cultivated Amazonian coca SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Amazonian coca; eriodictyol; kaempferol; leaf flavonoids; quercetin; rhamnosyl; taxifolin ID ERYTHROXYLUM-COCA; ALKALOID CONTENT; LEAVES; TAXA AB Purported 'Amazonian coca,' Erythroxylum coca var. ipadu Plowman (E. coca var. ipadu) was harvested from cultivated fields in Colombia, South America to determine: (a) its identity; (b) if its leaf flavonoids were complimentary to those present in leaf tissue of E. c. var. ipadu in our collection derived from Colombia; and (c) if complimentary, indicative of kinship to E. coca var. ipadu obtained from Colombia, or a related Enthroxylum taxon. Leaf extracts from Amazonian field-grown coca afforded eight O-conjugated flavonoids: two O-conjugates of taxifolin, one O-conjugate of quercetin, two O-conjugates of eriodictyol and three O-conjugates of kaempferol. Present also in leaf tissue of Amazonian field-grown coca, but lacking in leaf tissue from our collection of E. c. var. ipadu was an O-ethyl ester typically found in E. coca var. coca, kaempferols and a 7-O-rutinoside commonly encountered in the E. novogranatense taxons. Flavonoids found in our collection of E. coca var. ipadu were five O-conjugated derivatives of taxifolin and an O-conjugated quercetin. Leaf flavonoids of currently cultivated Amazonian coca are a mixture of those present in E. coca var. coca, E. coca var. ipadu and E. novogranatense var. truxillense, whereas those present in our authenticated living collection are derivatives of E. coca var. coca. Our data suggest that the Amazonian coca under cultivation in Colombia is a genetic hybrid cross between E. coca var. coca and E. novogranatense var. truxillense, occurring after 1972. (C) 2002 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Weed Sci Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. DEA, Special Testing Res Lab, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Johnson, EL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Weed Sci Lab, Bldg 001,Rm 329 BARC-W,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1 BP 89 EP 95 AR PII S0981-9428(01)01348-1 DI 10.1016/S0981-9428(01)01348-1 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 525PN UT WOS:000174080300011 ER PT J AU Decker-Walters, DS Chung, SM Staub, JE Quemada, HD Lopez-Sese, AI AF Decker-Walters, DS Chung, SM Staub, JE Quemada, HD Lopez-Sese, AI TI The origin and genetic affinities of wild populations of melon (Cucumis melo, Cucurbitaceae) in North America SO PLANT SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE melon; Cucumis melo; var. dudaim; var. chito; RAPD; SSR ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; MOLECULAR VARIATION; RAPD MARKERS; L. AB The origins of wild melon (Cucumis 1100) Populations in the New World have been in question since their initial description in the mid-nineteenth century by Charles Naudin. Typically, these populations live been assumed to represent escaped forms of cultivated vars. chito or dudaim, quid live been labelled accordingly, or more rarely as vir. agrestis. To clarify the origins of New World melons, North American, chito, quid dudaim accessions were Studied with respect to 45 quantitative and 10 qualitative morphological and physiological characters. Also collected were RAPD and SSR data for 42 North American Populations, 10 cultivar accessions of I vars. chito and dudaim, 10 other small-fruited Old World accessions, and 4 other varieties of C. melo vars. conomon, flexuosus, modorus, and cantalupensis. All :data revealed that New World populations lire distinct, and Should be classified as ssp. agrestis, var. texanus Naudin. This variety showed the greatest genetic affinities to var. chito and to cultivars from Eastern Asia, including var. conomon. C1 Cucurbit Network, Miami, FL 33256 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Veg Crops Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Decker-Walters, DS (reprint author), Cucurbit Network, POB 560483, Miami, FL 33256 USA. RI Quemada, Hector/M-2848-2013; Lopez-Sese, Anabel/C-5085-2008 OI Lopez-Sese, Anabel/0000-0001-5686-0884 NR 34 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0378-2697 J9 PLANT SYST EVOL JI Plant Syst. Evol. PY 2002 VL 233 IS 3-4 BP 183 EP 197 DI 10.1007/s00606-002-0191-3 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 614MD UT WOS:000179193100003 ER PT J AU Sachinvala, ND Winsor, DL Parikh, DV Solhjoo, HH Parks, D Vigo, TL Blanchard, EJ Bertoniere, NR AF Sachinvala, ND Winsor, DL Parikh, DV Solhjoo, HH Parks, D Vigo, TL Blanchard, EJ Bertoniere, NR TI Use of sucrose-based epoxy formulations and cellulosic fibers in the design, preparation, and screening of new composite insulation materials SO POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE non-woven composites; insulation materials; sucrose-based epoxy monomers; Maron-Ames test; thermal properties; relative thermal resistance; rate of heat transfer; cotton; cellulosics; kenaf; jute fibers ID MADE VITREOUS FIBERS; MONOMERS; CANCER; GLASS AB Non-woven composite insulation materials were generated from cotton, kenaf, jute, polyester, polypropylene, sucrose-based epoxy formulations, and aluminum foil. The needlepunched fiber batts were rendered flame resistant by use of inorganic reagents and urea. To discover suitable epoxy formulations to bind the cellulosic fibers to themselves or to dissimilar surfaces and to make flexible composites, a comparison of the performance of the known epoxy allyl sucroses (EAS), epoxy crotyl sucroses (ECS), and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) was made. The epoxies were cured with commercial diethylenetriamine (DETA), and UNIREZs-2142 and 2355(R), to discover a formulation with the following characteristics: (a) low cure temperature; (b) low Young's moduli and glass transition temperatures Of cured thermosets for flexible composites; (c) ample bond strength between the fabric and the, bonded surfaces; and (d) non-cytotoxicity and non-mutagenicity of the epoxies. Based on results following these criteria, EAS was selected, and the formulation comprising EAS and UNTREZ-2355(R) was deemed suitable to bind fiber batts to surfaces of any type and geometry. ASTM guidelines were used to construct a wooden frame cube (heat box) for the simultaneous rapid screening of cellulose fiber batts and composites. The new materials were compared against R-19 fiberglass insulation for their ability to resist heat flow (denoted by relative R-values) and time taken to approach thermal equilibrium. Plain non-woven cellulosic fiber batts showed relative R-values of 4.0degreesF ft(2) hr/Btu per inch thickness (0.27 K m(2)/W per cm), and took about 2 hr to establish equilibrium heat flow. Commercial fiberglass batts showed relative R-values of 2.2 per in per (0.15 per cm) and took 1 hr to attain equilibrium heat flow. When 6.25 in (15.9 cm) thick batts of fiberglass were needle punched to a thickness of 1 in (2.4 cm), relative R-values and equilibrium heat flow times were 4.0 per in (0.27 per cm) and 2 hr, respectively. This denoted that the densities and thermal resistances of non-conducting materials are raised concurrently. Anisotropic heat flow behavior was observed in cellulosic fiber composites with aluminum foil (shiny side out) bonded on one side. It depended upon whether the aluminum foil side or the fibers side faced the heat source. In the latter orientation the aluminum acted as a heat sink, and in the former orientation the foil acted as a poor heat reflector. The poor performance of these insulation composites was related to the fact that aluminum was directly bonded to the fiber batts and was acting as a heat conductor. When cellulose fiber shims (spacers) were placed between the fiber batts and the aluminum foil, the R-values of the composites were comparable to those of plain batts but the times taken to approach thermal equilibrium increased to >3 hr, denoting that the foil was acting more as a reflector and less as a conductor. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Text Chem Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Sucrochem Res Grp, Hawaii Agr Res Ctr,New Orleans Off, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Sachinvala, ND (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Text Chem Res Unit, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1042-7147 J9 POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL JI Polym. Adv. Technol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 13 IS 1 BP 66 EP 79 DI 10.1002/pat.156 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 514FV UT WOS:000173428900011 ER PT J AU Argenta, LC Fan, XT Mattheis, JP AF Argenta, LC Fan, XT Mattheis, JP TI Responses of 'Fuji' apples to short and long duration exposure to elevated CO2 concentration SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fruit maturity; brown heart; CA storage; acetaldehyde; ethanol; methanol ID CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE; ETHANOL ACCUMULATION; DELICIOUS APPLES; EMPIRE APPLES; CA STORAGE; INJURY; FRUIT; METHANOL; METABOLISM; QUALITY AB Fruit maturity, diphenylamine (DPA) treatment and controlled atmosphere (CA) storage regimes were evaluated as factors affecting development of `Fuji' apple CO2 injury. The incidence and severity of CO2 injury (brown-heart) increased with advanced maturity and greater watercore severity at harvest. The development of CO2 injury during storage was prevented by DPA treatment. The severity of CO2 injury was higher in fruit exposed to 20 kPa CO2 after harvest than in fruit exposed to 20 kPa CO2 after 8 months of CA storage. Ethanol, acetaldehyde and methanol concentrations increased during short- and long-term exposure to high CO2, however, DPA reduced ethanol and acetaldehyde accumulation. Storage in low O-2 (0.5 kPa O-2, 0.05 kPa CO2) also stimulated accumulation of ethanol, acetaldehyde and methanol however, no internal disorders developed with or without the use of DPA. The harvest date effect on severity of CO2-injury following short-term exposure to 20 kPa CO2 was related to severity of CO2-injury after long-term CA storage with 3 kPa CO2. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Mattheis, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 41 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 24 IS 1 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(01)00120-X PG 12 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 513RM UT WOS:000173392600002 ER PT J AU Ikediala, JN Hansen, JD Tang, J Drake, SR Wang, S AF Ikediala, JN Hansen, JD Tang, J Drake, SR Wang, S TI Development of a saline water immersion technique with RF energy as a postharvest treatment against codling moth in cherries SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE quarantine; heat treatment; radio frequency; microwave; saline water immersion; codling moth; fruits; cherries ID QUARANTINE TREATMENT; SWEET CHERRIES; INSECT CONTROL; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; LEPIDOPTERA; TORTRICIDAE; APPLES; MORTALITY; PRODUCTS AB `Sweetheart' sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) immersed in 0.15% saline water were treated with radio frequency (RF) energy. The dielectric and ionic conductivity properties of the immersion water and that of fruit were matched to obtain a relatively uniform temperature distribution within and among fruits during RF heating. With immersion in saline water of 0.15% NaCl, the mean temperature of the water and that of the cherries differed by less than or equal to 0.6 degreesC, while the maximum temperature variation within and among fruits determined within 1 min after RF treatment completion was < +/- 1.0 degreesC of the set temperatures of 48 and 50 C. The saline water immersion technique helped overcome the markedly high temperature differential problem within and among fruits; normally associated with treatments in air (without immersion) during RF heating. More than 99% mortality of the 200-400 codling moth larvae or 589-624 eggs was obtained at 50 C when treated for between 7 and 10 min (heating 2-5 min and holding 5 min). Most quality parameters analyzed were better, or are comparable with methyl bromide fumigated fruit. Saline-water-immersion treatment in RF may be used to overcome the problem of slow conventional hot air or water heating, as well as the non-uniformity of temperature associated with electromagnetic heating in air, for developing alternative quarantine treatment for fruits. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Tang, J (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 213 LJ Smith Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Wang, Shaojin/C-4968-2012; Tang, Juming/A-4027-2009 OI Tang, Juming/0000-0001-9449-1004 NR 38 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 24 IS 1 BP 25 EP 37 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(01)00112-0 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 513RM UT WOS:000173392600003 ER PT J AU Palou, L Crisosto, CH Smilanick, JL Adaskaveg, JE Zoffoli, JP AF Palou, L Crisosto, CH Smilanick, JL Adaskaveg, JE Zoffoli, JP TI Effects of continuous 0.3 ppm ozone exposure on decay development and physiological responses of peaches and table grapes in cold storage SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ozonation; postharvest decay control; decay management; alternative postharvest treatments ID WATER AB Continuous ozone exposure at 0.3 ppm (v/v) (US-OSHA Threshold Limit Value for short term exposure) inhibited aerial mycelial growth and sporulation on `Elegant Lady' peaches wound inoculated with Mondinia fructicola, Botrytis cinerea, Mucor piriformis, or Penicillium expansum and stored for 4 weeks at 5 degreesC and 90% relative humidity (RH). Aerial growth and sporulation, however, resumed afterward in ambient atmospheres. Ozone exposure did not significantly reduce the incidence and severity of decay caused by these fungi with the exception of brown rot. Gray mold nesting among `Thompson Seedless' table grapes was completely inhibited under 0.3 ppm ozone when fruit were stored for 7 weeks at 5 degreesC. Gray mold incidence, however, was not significantly reduced in spray inoculated fruit. Continuous ozone exposure at 0.3 ppm increased water loss after 5 weeks of storage at 5 degreesC and 90%, RH in `Zee Lady' peaches but not after 4 weeks of storage in `Flame Seedless" grapes. Respiration and ethylene production rates of `O'Henry' peaches were not affected by previous exposure to 0.3 ppm ozone. In every test, no phytotoxic injuries of fruit tissues were observed in ozonated or ambient atmosphere treatments. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Kearney Agr Ctr, Dept Pomol, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Plant Pathol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Agron, Santiago, Chile. RP Palou, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Kearney Agr Ctr, Dept Pomol, 9240 S Riverdend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RI Palou, Lluis/C-9066-2012 OI Palou, Lluis/0000-0002-9385-6814 NR 25 TC 112 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 24 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(01)00118-1 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 513RM UT WOS:000173392600004 ER PT J AU Wu, TX Abbott, JA AF Wu, TX Abbott, JA TI Firmness and force relaxation characteristics of tomatoes stored intact or as slices SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE firmness; force relaxation; viscoelasticity ID FRUIT AB Firmness is an important aspect of the quality of fresh tomatoes. Its measurement is necessary for quality control, as well as for postharvest studies to develop procedures for preparation and handling of fresh-cut tomato slices. This study had two objectives, to determine how initial ripeness and cutting affect the textural changes in tomato tissue during storage and to develop a method for measuring textural attributes of tomato slices. Firmness and force relaxation characteristics were compared for tomato flesh harvested at six maturity stages and stored intact or as slices for 0-20 days. Measurements were made at three sites in the outer pericarp and three in columellar tissue on 7-mm thick transverse slices. Following loading, stress relaxation was recorded for 10 s. A 4-mm cylindrical probe provided more consistent firmness measurements (lower% CV) than a 6.4-mm spherical probe at harvest, and distances of 3 mm provided more consistent results than 1 mm. Therefore, stored tomato samples were tested only with the 4-mm cylindrical probe and distance of 3 mm. F-max (maximum force) of freshly harvested tomatoes ranged from 15 to 2 N for mature green and red tomatoes, respectively. F-max was closely related to loading energy (area), slope, and yield force; i.e. all four parameters measured elastic behavior. f(max) also was related (r(2)=0.77 0.97) to forces at specific relaxation times. Tomatoes stored intact generally had lower CVs than those sliced before storage, although there was little difference in average firmness (F-max) between the two at a given storage time for a given initial ripeness. A three-parameter model was developed to fit the relaxation curves: Y = 1 - A In( 1 + t) - Bt /(C + t) where t is relaxation time. There was little correlation between F-max and the three relaxation parameters (r(2) = 0-0.33), i.e. the relaxation parameters measured a different physical property, presumably viscoelasticity. The responses of the relaxation parameters over storage time were dependent on the initial maturity of the tomatoes; but values usually differed significantly between tomatoes stored intact or sliced, with tomatoes sliced before storage generally having higher values, which we interpret as having lower viscoelasticty. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Abbott, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM abbottj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 9 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 EI 1873-2356 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 24 IS 1 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(01)00133-8 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 513RM UT WOS:000173392600006 ER PT J AU Hagenmaier, RD AF Hagenmaier, RD TI The flavor of mandarin hybrids with different coatings SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tangerines; flavor; ethanol; internal gas; coatings; permeability ID CITRUS-FRUIT; QUALITY; PERMEABILITY AB Mandarin hybrids were treated with wax and resin coatings having differing oxygen permeabilities. After storage for 7 days at 21 C, fruit with coatings having O-2 permeability less than or equal to 1.1 x 10(-16) moI m s(-1) m(-2) Pa-1 were rated by a sensory panel as markedly less fresh than fruit with higher permeability coatings. These low-permeability coatings were those composed mainly of shellac and wood resin. The flavor changed most for fruit having mean internal O-2 < 4%, internal CO2 > 14% at 21 degreesC and juice ethanol content > 1500 ppm after 7 days storage at that temperature. All coatings seemed suitable for storage of specialty citrus fruit for 7 days at 5 C. It is recommended that for mandarin hybrids, the most suitable are those composed mainly of waxes rather than shellac or wood resin. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, SAA, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Hagenmaier, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, SAA, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 13 TC 49 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 24 IS 1 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(01)00121-1 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 513RM UT WOS:000173392600008 ER PT J AU Palou, L Usall, J Munoz, JA Smilanick, JL Vinas, I AF Palou, L Usall, J Munoz, JA Smilanick, JL Vinas, I TI Hot water, sodium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate for the control of postharvest green and blue molds of clementine mandarins SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clementine mandarin; Citrus reticulata; Penicillium digitatum; Penicillium italicum; hot water; sodium carbonate; sodium bicarbonate; postharvest decay AB Clementine mandarins ev. `Clemenules', artificially inoculated with Penicillium digitatum or Penicillium italicum, were immersed in 0, 2, or 3% (w/v) sodium carbonate (SC) solutions at 20, 45 or 50 C for 60 or 150 s. Decay incidence was determined after 7 days of storage at 20 degreesC and 90% relative humidity (RH). Hot water (HW) at 45 or 50 degreesC did not satisfactorily control both diseases. SC significantly enhanced decay control compared to water atone at all temperatures and for all immersion periods. Heated SC solutions were more effective than solutions at 20 degreesC. A 150 s dip in 3% SC at 50 degreesC totally controlled both green and blue molds without noticeably injuring the fruit. SC at 50 degreesC significantly reduced the incidence of both green and blue molds on mandarins stored at 3.5 degreesC for 60 days. Both diseases were reduced by 40-60% on mandarins dipped for 60 or 150 s in 2 or 3% sodium bicarbonate (SBC) solutions at room temperature. The effectiveness of all HW, SC, and SBC treatments on clementines was inferior to that obtained on oranges or lemons in related previous work. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 IRTA, Ctr UdL, CeRTA, Area Postcollita, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. RP Palou, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Kearney Agr Ctr, 9240 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RI Vinas, Inmaculada/B-4096-2011; Palou, Lluis/C-9066-2012; OI Palou, Lluis/0000-0002-9385-6814; Vinas, Inmaculada/0000-0001-5182-2520 NR 6 TC 75 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 24 IS 1 BP 93 EP 96 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(01)00178-8 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 513RM UT WOS:000173392600010 ER PT J AU Serquen, FC Hanneman, RE AF Serquen, FC Hanneman, RE TI An analysis of the hybrid nature of Solanum xedinense Berth. using molecular, cytological and crossability studies SO POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID REEXAMINATION; SPECIATION; BALANCE; MARKERS; POTATO AB Solanum xedinense Berth., a pentaploid (2n=5x=60) interspecific hybrid between the cultivated potato and the wild species Solanum demissum Lindl., represents evidence of genetic exchange between wild and cultivated species. It has been found in Central Mexico at altitudes between 2000 and 3500 meters, growing in and along the edges of cultivated fields, roadside thickets, forest margins and along irrigation ditches. This study examined the hybrid nature of S. xedinense using molecular, cytological and crossability data. RAPD and AFLP markers were used to support S. xedinense as a hybrid between the cultivated potato and S. demissum. Meiotic analysis and crossability studies were used to examine the potential of S. xedinense to form offspring. Several accessions of S. tuberosum L. subsp. tuberosum and subsp. andigena Hawkes, S. demissum and an accession of S. xedinense were used in the study. Artificial hybrids between S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum and S. demissum were included for comparison. Molecular analysis positioned the natural and artificial hybrids as an intermediate group between the parental populations, supporting their relationship with the parental populations. Meiosis was abnormal in both natural and artificial hybrids, and reduced crossability was noted for S. xedinense. Although gene flow appears to happen between wild and cultivated potato, the potential for the natural hybrids to become established may depend mostly on their ability to clonally propagate themselves. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Serquen, FC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN ASSN POTATO RES PI WAGENINGEN PA POSTBUS 20, 6700 WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-3065 J9 POTATO RES JI Potato Res. PY 2002 VL 45 IS 1 BP 85 EP 97 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 775NW UT WOS:000189048400008 ER PT J AU Allen, PC Fetterer, RH AF Allen, PC Fetterer, RH TI Interaction of dietary vitamin E with Eimeria maxima infections in chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE avian coccidiosis; alpha-tocopherol; gamma-tocopherol; antioxidant; malabsorption ID PALE-BIRD SYNDROME; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; E-DEFICIENCY; ACERVULINA; BROILERS; PLASMA; CAROTENOIDS; ABSORPTION; IMMUNITY; DISEASE AB In two trials, broiler chickens, processed similarly to those placed in commercial operation, were fed, from 1 d of age, a range (13 to 200 ppm) of DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (VE-AC) levels, and the effects on the pathology of Eimeria maxima infections were assessed at 6 d postinoculation (PI). In Trial 1, dietary levels of VE-AC had little significant effect on variables characterizing pathology except for the number of oocysts shed, which was significantly increased in chicks treated with higher VE-AC levels. The infection was judged to be mild based on moderate lesion scores (2.2 +/- 0.2), lack of significant effects on weight gain (7 +/- 1.6% decrease), moderate reduction in plasma carotenoids (21 +/- 2%) and small increases in plasma NO2-+NO3- (141 +/- 12%). In uninfected and infected chickens, plasma a-tocopherol (AT) increased with dietary levels of VE-AC; however, E. maxima infection caused a fairly constant decrease in AT of 35.3 +/- 3.2% across these levels. Plasma gamma-tocopherol (GT) levels were unaffected by dietary VE-AC or E. maxima infection. In Trial 2, pathology, again, was relatively, unaffected by dietary VE-AC level. The infection was judged to be severe based on lesion scores (3.5 +/- 0.1), reduction in weight gain (30.7 +/- 3%), plasma carotenoids (72.4 +/- 1.5%), uric acid (16.3 +/- 3.4), albumin (37.8 +/- 2.8%), large increases (261 +/- 8%) in plasma NO2--+NO3-, and high numbers of oocysts shed per chick (4.1.2 +/- 0.4 x 107). Plasma AT again increased with increasing dietary VE-AC levels in uninfected and infected chicks, but the mean decrease across VE-AC levels caused by E. maxima infection was 73.14 +/- 3.3%. GT levels were erratic and unrelated to dietary VE-AC or infection. Thus, in processed broiler chickens, high dietary VE-AC did not prevent or lessen the pathology caused by mild or severe infections with E. maxima. The main effect of E. maxima infection appeared to be reduction in plasma AT levels. We postulate that this reduction may be due to malabsorption of AT, which results from physical damage to the absorptive mucosa, reduction in esterases required to hydrolyze the VE-AC, and a generalized lipid malabsorption, preventing movement of the free AT to circulating blood and infected tissues. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Allen, PC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 54 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 81 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 513RE UT WOS:000173391700007 PM 11885898 ER PT J AU Mitchell, BW Buhr, RJ Berrang, ME Bailey, JS Cox, NA AF Mitchell, BW Buhr, RJ Berrang, ME Bailey, JS Cox, NA TI Reducing airborne pathogens, dust and Salmonella transmission in experimental hatching cabinets using an electrostatic space charge system SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ionizer; dust reduction; Salmonella reduction; pathogen reduction; hatching cabinet ID NEGATIVE AIR IONIZATION; CONTAMINATION; PERFORMANCE; TYPHIMURIUM; ENTERITIDIS; CHICKS; EGGS; ROOM AB Electrostatic charging of particles in enclosed spaces has been shown to be an effective means of reducing airborne dust. Dust generated during the hatching process has been strongly implicated in Salmonella transmission, which complicates the cleaning and disinfecting processes for hatchers. Following two preliminary trials in which dust reduction was measured, four trials were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an electrostatic space charge system (ESCS) on the levels of total aerobic bacteria (TPC), enterobacteriaceae (ENT), and Salmonella within an experimental hatching cabinet. The ESCS was placed in a hatching cabinet that was approximately 50% full of 18-d-old broiler hatching eggs. The ESCS operated continuously to generate a strong negative electrostatic charge throughout the cabinet through hatching, and dust was collected in grounded trays containing water and a degreaser. An adjacent hatching cabinet served as an untreated control. Air samples from hatchers were collected daily, and sample chicks from each hatcher were grown out to 7 d of age for cecal analysis in three of the trials. The ESCS significantly (P < 0.05) reduced TPC and ENT by 85 to 93%. Dust concentration was significantly reduced (P < 0.0001) during the preliminary trials with an average reduction of 93.6%. The number of Salmonella per gram of cecal contents in birds grown to 7 d of age was significantly (P < 0.001) reduced by an average log(10) 3.4 cfu/g. This ionization technology is relatively inexpensive and could be used to reduce airborne bacteria and dust within the hatching cabinet. C1 ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. ARS, Richard Russell Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Mitchell, BW (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 17 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 81 IS 1 BP 49 EP 55 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 513RE UT WOS:000173391700008 PM 11885899 ER PT J AU Byrd, JA Hargis, BM Corrier, DE Brewer, RL Caldwell, DJ Bailey, RH McReynolds, JL Herron, KL Stanker, LH AF Byrd, JA Hargis, BM Corrier, DE Brewer, RL Caldwell, DJ Bailey, RH McReynolds, JL Herron, KL Stanker, LH TI Fluorescent marker for the detection of crop and upper gastrointestinal leakage in poultry processing plants SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE crop; poultry processing; fluorescent marker; carcass contamination ID BROILER-CHICKENS; FEED WITHDRAWAL; SALMONELLA; CONTAMINATION; COLONIZATION; CARCASSES AB Previous published research has identified the crop as a source of Salmonella and Campylobacter contamination for broiler carcasses and reported that broiler crops are 86 times more likely to rupture than ceca during commercial processing. Presently, we evaluated leakage of crop and upper gastrointestinal contents from broilers using a fluorescent marker at commercial processing plants. Broilers were orally gavaged with a fluorescent marker paste (corn meal-fluorescein dye-agar) within 30 min of live hang. Carcasses were collected at several points during processing and were examined for upper gastrointestinal leakage using long-wavelength black light. This survey indicated that 67% of the total broiler carcasses were positive for the marker at the rehang station following head and shank removal. Crops were mechanically removed from 61%, of the carcasses prior to the cropper, and visual online examination indicated leakage of crop contents following crop removal by the pack puller. Examination of the carcasses prior to the cropper detected the marker in the following regions: neck (50.5%, positive), thoracic inlet (69.7%, positive), thoracic cavity (35.4%, positive), and abdominal cavity (34.3% positive). Immediately prior to chill immersion, 53.2% of the carcasses contained some degree of visually identifiable marker contamination, as follows: neck (41.5%, positive), thoracic inlet (45.2%, positive), thoracic cavity (26.2% positive), and abdominal cavity (30.2%, positive). These results suggest that this fluorescent marker technique may serve as a useful tool for rapid identification of potential changes, which Could reduce the incidence of crop rupture and contamination of carcasses at processing. C1 ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Dept Vet & Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Food Safety Inspect Serv, USDA, Emerging Pathogens & Zoonot Dis Div, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Byrd, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 8 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 81 IS 1 BP 70 EP 74 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 513RE UT WOS:000173391700011 PM 11885902 ER PT J AU McGary, S Estevez, I Bakst, MR Pollock, DL AF McGary, S Estevez, I Bakst, MR Pollock, DL TI Phenotypic traits as reliable indicators of fertility in male broiler breeders SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler breeder; fertility; comb area; sperm penetration; testes ID RED JUNGLE FOWL; ROSE COMB ALLELE; FEMALE MATE CHOICE; PERIVITELLINE LAYER; SEXUAL SELECTION; AGING ROOSTERS; DOMESTIC-FOWL; TESTOSTERONE LEVELS; LAID EGGS; SPERM AB Genetic selection procedures applied to improve broiler performance may negatively impact the subsequent reproductive efficiency of breeders, particularly in males. Identification of traits that reliably indicate individual male fertility would facilitate selection for reproduction. We hypothesized that physical traits, such as comb area, relative testicular weight, and testicular weight asymmetry, may correlate with fertility in two male-selected primary broiler breeder strains (A and B). Thirty males per strain, individually housed with an average of 10 females, were evaluated at five age periods within the 30-to-50-wk breeding cycle. Flock fertility by candling eggs at Day 19 of incubation and sample fertility by visual assessment of the germinal disc were determined. Sperm penetration (SP) through the perivitelline layer was assessed. Comb area wits evaluated by image analysis at 40 and 50 wk, and relative testicular weight was measured at 50 wk. Strain A sample and flock fertility (P < 0.001) and SP values (P < 0.0001) were significantly lower than Strain B. Both strains had a significant decline of fertility and SP with age (P < 0.0001). Strain A comb area correlated with sample fertility (P < 0.05), flock fertility (P < 0.05), and relative testicular weight (P < 0.01). Conversely, Strain B relative testicular weight correlated with sample fertility (P < 0.0001) and flock fertility (P < 0.001). Significant correlations were not found between testicular weight asymmetry and other reproductive traits. Results suggest comb area may be a reliable indicator of male fertility in Strain A. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Perdue Farms Inc, Salisbury, MD 21802 USA. RP Estevez, I (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 77 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 81 IS 1 BP 102 EP 111 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 513RE UT WOS:000173391700017 PM 11885889 ER PT J AU Xie, H Huff, GR Huff, WE Balog, JM Holt, P Rath, NC AF Xie, H Huff, GR Huff, WE Balog, JM Holt, P Rath, NC TI Identification of ovotransferrin as an acute phase protein in chickens SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE inflammation; chicken; ovotransferrin; acute phase protein ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; AVIAN HETEROPHILS; BROILER-CHICKENS; SERUM LEVELS; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR NEUTROPHILS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; ACUTE-INFLAMMATION; GLYCOPROTEIN; TRANSFERRIN AB Inflammation is homeostatic process associated with a variety of cellular injuries resulting from infections, toxicosis, and physical trauma. The studies on inflammation in avian species are limited. To understand the inflammation-induced changes, 4-wk-old male broiler chickens were subjected to experimental inflammation by a subcutaneous injection of croton oil (inflammatory) with changes in serum measured over time and were compared with birds treated similarly with olive oil (injected control). Croton oil treatment significantly elevated serum interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations and heterophil counts by 6 and 16 h postinjection, respectively, which returned to the basal levels of controls at 16 and 24 h, respectively. Croton oil treatment affected the serum protein profiles of chickens as assessed by SDS-PAGE and densitometric analyses. Compared with olive oil-injected or noninjected chicken sera, there were increases in the density of protein bands corresponding to molecular weights (MW) of 42, 65, 200, and 219 kDa and decreases in bands corresponding to 49 kDa (serum albumin) and a 56-kDa protein in chickens treated with croton oil. Most of these changes were evident at 24 h and lasted through 48 h. The protein band corresponding to 65 kDa was further characterized using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and N-terminal sequence analyses. A sequence similarity search in the Genbank database using the first 22 amino acids yielded a complete homology with chicken ovotransferrin. Western blot analysis using antichicken serum transferrin or antichicken ovotransferrin antibodies also confirmed the 65-kDa protein band to be ovotransferrin. Under nonreducing conditions, the ovotransferrin standard also showed an apparent MW corresponding to 65 kDa, like the serum transferrin. The serum ovotransferrin was found to be glycosylated using a glycoprotein stain. Although the significance of ovotransferrin in avian inflammation is not clear, these results show that it is a major acute phase protein (APP) in chickens. C1 Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Poultry Sci Ctr, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. ARS, USDA, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Rath, NC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 56 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 81 IS 1 BP 112 EP 120 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 513RE UT WOS:000173391700018 PM 11885890 ER PT J AU Cason, JA Lyon, CE Dickens, JA AF Cason, JA Lyon, CE Dickens, JA TI Tenderization of hot-boned broiler breast meat by clamping during chilling SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breast meat; tenderness; hot boning; clamping; broiler ID ISOMETRIC TENSION; WING RESTRAINT; PECTORALIS-MAJOR; SHEAR VALUES; TENDERNESS; MUSCLE; RIGOR; PH; TIME AB Hot-boned broiler breast fillets were tightly clamped between rigid aluminum plates during chilling to determine whether tenderness is increased if breast fillets are not allowed to shorten during rigor. In two experiments, 6-wk-old broilers were processed in a pilot plant. Approximately 5 min after evisceration, the breast fillets (pectoralis major) were deboned, and each fillet was subjected to one of two treatments while chilling for 2 h in ice slush. Fillets were placed in perforated plastic bags (hot-boned control) or clamped between rigid aluminum plates that compressed the meat to a uniform thickness of 7.2 mm during chilling. In Experiment 2, chilling time in ice slush was 1 h, and a third treatment was added to make an incomplete block design in which one breast half was left intact on the carcass band was deboned immediately after chilling. All breast fillets were sealed in plastic bags after the chilling period, held overnight at 4 C, and then cooked at 85 C for 30 min in a steam kettle. In Experiment 1, clamping for 2 h reduced Warner-Bratzler shear values of hot-boned fillets from 1.1.4 to 2.7 kg. In Experiment 2, shear values for the treatments were 13.0, 9.2, and 5.1 kg for the hot-boned, cold-boned, and hot-boned clamped treatments, respectively, with significantly, lower shear values for the clamped fillets. Clamped fillets were significantly thinner than the control fillets in both experiments. Cooked yield as a percentage of postchill weight was significantly higher for the clamped compared to the hot-boned control pieces, 81.1 versus 77.3%, with cold-boned pieces being intermediate and not different from the other treatments. Shear values were reduced, and cooked yield was increased by clamping hot-boned fillets during chilling. C1 ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Cason, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 81 IS 1 BP 121 EP 125 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 513RE UT WOS:000173391700019 PM 11885891 ER PT J AU Cason, JA Berrang, ME AF Cason, JA Berrang, ME TI Variation in numbers of bacteria on paired chicken carcass halves SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Aerobic plate count; Campylobacter; Escherichia coli; carcass rinses; carcass halves ID BROILER CARCASSES; MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY; SALMONELLAE; VARIABILITY; CAMPYLOBACTER; CONTAMINATION; RECOVERY; LOAD AB Bacterial counts from paired broiler carcass halves were examined for relationships between numbers and kinds of bacteria that might indicate fecal contamination. Broiler carcasses removed from a commercial processing plant just before chilling were split aseptically along the midline, and each side was rinsed in 400 mL of phosphate buffered saline for 1 min with either mechanical or hand shaking. Both halves of six carcasses were rinsed on four different days for a total of 24 carcasses sampled with each shaking method. Aerobic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter jejuni were enumerated and summed to obtain whole carcass counts. There were no significant (P < 0.05) differences in numbers of bacteria recovered by the two rinse methods. In left-right comparisons, only E. coli was significantly different (P = 0.04), with the right side having higher counts (least-square means of 1.09 vs. 0.97). For aerobic plate count (APC), coliforms, E. coli, and Campylobacter, correlations between paired left and right side counts were between 0.78 and 0.86. The correlation between whole carcass counts and absolute left-right differences was significant for APC (0.43), but was not significant for coliforms, E. coli, and Campylobacter, so higher whole carcass counts were not associated with higher counts on one side of the carcass. Correlations between different bacteria on whole carcasses were significant for E. coli-APC (0.39), E. coli-coliforms (0.67), and APC-coliforms (0.71), but other combinations had non-significant correlations. The correlation was not significant between E. coli and Campylobacter, a relatively fragile organism whose presence can be interpreted to indicate fairly recent fecal contamination. There were no indications that high E. coli counts on inspection-passed, prechill carcasses indicated recent fecal contamination. C1 ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Cason, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 81 IS 1 BP 126 EP 133 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 513RE UT WOS:000173391700020 PM 11885892 ER PT J AU Berrang, ME Buhr, RJ Cason, JA Dickens, JA AF Berrang, ME Buhr, RJ Cason, JA Dickens, JA TI Microbiological consequences of skin removal prior to evisceration of broiler carcasses SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler; Campylobacter; Escherichia coli; processing; skin ID CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; PREVALENCE; RECOVERY; CHICKENS; LEVEL AB The objective of this project was to determine if removal of skin prior to evisceration lowers the number of bacteria that can be recovered by whole carcass rinse or sponge sampling. Four experiments were conducted, two with each type of sampling (rinse or sponge). New York dressed carcasses obtained from a commercial broiler processing plant were aseptically skinned or left with skin intact. The carcasses were then aseptically eviscerated by hand. Carcasses were rinsed in 100 mL sterile water or sampled by moist sponge. When sampled by rinse, significantly fewer Campylobacter and total aerobic bacteria were recovered from carcasses that had been skinned prior to evisceration. When sampled by sponge, significantly fewer Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, coliform and total aerobic bacteria were recovered from the outer surface of carcasses without skin. No differences were noted for bacterial counts recovered from internal surfaces by sponge sampling. Similar trends were observed when carcasses were subjected to an inside and outside washing step after evisceration. Removal of skin and washing the carcass led to significantly less Campylobacter being recovered by whole carcass rinse compared to carcasses that were washed with the skin on. When sampled by sponge, incidence of Campylobacter and level of total aerobic bacterial counts were lower on the outer surface of skinned and washed carcasses than on washed carcasses with intact skin. Like the unwashed carcasses, no differences were noted for bacterial counts recovered from internal surfaces by sponge sampling. Although not commercially practical, it is possible to lower the level of Campylobacter on the outside of broiler carcasses by removal of the skin prior to evisceration. C1 ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Berrang, ME (reprint author), ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 81 IS 1 BP 134 EP 138 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 513RE UT WOS:000173391700021 PM 11885893 ER PT B AU Zabel, CJ Roberts, LM Mulder, BS Stauffer, HB Dunk, JR Wolcott, K Solis, D Gertsch, M Woodbridge, B Wright, A Goldsmith, G Keckler, C AF Zabel, CJ Roberts, LM Mulder, BS Stauffer, HB Dunk, JR Wolcott, K Solis, D Gertsch, M Woodbridge, B Wright, A Goldsmith, G Keckler, C BE Scott, JM Heglund, PJ Morrison, ML Haufler, JB Raphael, MG Wall, WA Samson, FB TI A collaborative approach in adaptive management at a large-landscape scale SO PREDICTING SPECIES OCCURRENCES: ISSUES OF ACCURACY AND SCALE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Predicting Species Occurrences CY OCT, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT C1 US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA USA. RP Zabel, CJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-787-0 PY 2002 BP 241 EP 253 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Zoology GA BW49E UT WOS:000182160100019 ER PT B AU Dunham, JB Rieman, BE Peterson, JT AF Dunham, JB Rieman, BE Peterson, JT BE Scott, JM Heglund, PJ Morrison, ML Haufler, JB Raphael, MG Wall, WA Samson, FB TI Patch-based models to predict species occurrence: Lessons from salmonid fishes in streams SO PREDICTING SPECIES OCCURRENCES: ISSUES OF ACCURACY AND SCALE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Predicting Species Occurrences CY OCT, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. RP Dunham, JB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID USA. NR 0 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 1 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-787-0 PY 2002 BP 327 EP 334 PG 8 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Zoology GA BW49E UT WOS:000182160100026 ER PT B AU Dreisbach, TA Smith, JE Molina, R AF Dreisbach, TA Smith, JE Molina, R BE Scott, JM Heglund, PJ Morrison, ML Haufler, JB Raphael, MG Wall, WA Samson, FB TI Challenges of modeling fungal habitat: When and where do you find chanterelles? SO PREDICTING SPECIES OCCURRENCES: ISSUES OF ACCURACY AND SCALE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Predicting Species Occurrences CY OCT, 1999 CL SNOWBIRD, UT C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forest Mycol Team, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dreisbach, TA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forest Mycol Team, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-787-0 PY 2002 BP 475 EP 481 PG 7 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Zoology GA BW49E UT WOS:000182160100041 ER PT B AU Hoberg, EP AF Hoberg, EP GP MONDUZZI EDITORE MONDUZZI EDITORE MONDUZZI EDITORE TI Colonization and diversification: Historical and coevolutionary trajectories among cestodes, cetaceans and pinnipeds SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF PARASITOLOGY-ICOPA X: SYMPOSIA, WORKSHOPS AND CONTRIBUTED PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress of Parasitology (ICOPA X) CY AUG 04-09, 2002 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Zool, Amer Soc Parasitol ID EUCESTODA; TETRABOTHRIIDAE; BIOGEOGRAPHY; VERTEBRATES; PHYLOGENY; TAPEWORMS AB Cestodes in marine mammals are represented by 2 archaic and phylogenetically disparate monophyletic taxa, the Diphyllobothriidae and the Tetrabothriidea. Origins and diversification for an array of genera and species among these characteristic assemblages in pinnipeds and cetaceans is linked to colonization among vertebrate definitive hosts in marine environments at varying temporal and geographic scales during the middle to late Cenozoic. Structure and history in these systems is revealed by the branching order of phylogenies. Hierarchical order of parasite phylogenies reveals historical relationships and constrains the range of possible explanations for faunal structure when examined in the context of host phylogeny. C1 USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect & Parasite Biol, Epidemiol Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Hoberg, EP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Natl Parasite Collect & Parasite Biol, Epidemiol Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-323-2804-6 PY 2002 BP 65 EP 69 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA BV33N UT WOS:000178613200011 ER PT B AU Nachman, RJ Teal, PEA AF Nachman, RJ Teal, PEA BE Keller, R Dircksen, H Sedlmeier, D Vaudry, H TI Enhanced oral availability/activity of a peptidase-resistant, amphiphilic Oic analog of the pyrokinin/PBAN insect neuropeptides SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST CONFERENCE OF EUROPEAN COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGISTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st Conference of European Comparative Endocrinologists CY AUG 26-30, 2002 CL BONN, GERMANY SP German Res Fdn, Univ Bonn, Fac Sci, Schering Co, German Soc Endocrinol ID PHEROMONOTROPIC ACTIVITY; CONFORMATION; FAMILY AB The amphiphilic, Oic analog 904 proves to be a superior tissue-bound peptidase-resistant pyrokinin/PBAN analog for oral administration, producing a pheromone spike in adult H. virescens at 3h post-ingestion of 60% of the maximal titer of injected PBAN. The native hormone PBAN is inactive via oral administration. The analog 904 readily penetrates a ligated foregut preparation, but is less effective in the ligated midgut. The success of the analog 904 may be a result of its ability to effectively penetrate the cuticular component of the foregut, thereby bypassing the hostile environment of the midgut. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-323-2826-7 PY 2002 BP 161 EP 167 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BV57K UT WOS:000179396200031 ER PT S AU Hua, SST AF Hua, SST BE Batlle, I Hormaza, I Espiau, MT TI Potential use of saprophytic yeasts to control Aspergillus flavus in almond and pistachio orchards SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PISTACHIOS AND ALMONDS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Pistachios and Almonds/12th Colloquium of the Group-Recherches-et-dEtudes-Mediterraneen-pour-le-Pistachier-et-lAmandie r CY MAY 20-24, 2001 CL MEDITERRANEAN AGRON INST ZARAGOZA, ZARAGOZA, SPAIN SP Serv Invest Agroalimentar Diputac Gen Aragon, Mediterranean Agron Inst Zaragoza, Asociac Interprofes Desarrollo Agrario, Int Soc Hort Sci, Soc Espanola Ciencias Horticolas, Estac Exptl Aula Dei HO MEDITERRANEAN AGRON INST ZARAGOZA DE aflatoxin; nuts; biocontrol ID POSTHARVEST PATHOGENS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; CALIFORNIA; AFLATOXIN; FRUITS; NUTS AB The biocontrol activity of one particular strain of yeast against A. flavus was evaluated. The effect of this yeast on the growth of A. flavus on pistachio flowers and almond leaves was monitored over a period of 15 days. Spore production of A. flavus was reduced by 60-80% on plant samples sprayed with this particular yeast. The experiments demonstrated that certain strain of saprophytic yeast could modulate Aspergillus flavus spore production in leaves and flowers. Field spraying of this effective yeast to almond and pistachio trees may decrease the population of A. flavus in the orchards and thus lower the number of nuts infected by this fungus. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Hua, SST (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-816-1 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 591 BP 527 EP 530 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BV87M UT WOS:000180267300080 ER PT S AU Hua, SST Shu, H Han, N AF Hua, SST Shu, H Han, N BE Batlle, I Hormaza, I Espiau, MT TI Aroma compounds inhibitory to the growth of Aspergillus flavus SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PISTACHIOS AND ALMONDS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Pistachios and Almonds/12th Colloquium of the Group-Recherches-et-dEtudes-Mediterraneen-pour-le-Pistachier-et-lAmandie r CY MAY 20-24, 2001 CL MEDITERRANEAN AGRON INST ZARAGOZA, ZARAGOZA, SPAIN SP Serv Invest Agroalimentar Diputac Gen Aragon, Mediterranean Agron Inst Zaragoza, Asociac Interprofes Desarrollo Agrario, Int Soc Hort Sci, Soc Espanola Ciencias Horticolas, Estac Exptl Aula Dei HO MEDITERRANEAN AGRON INST ZARAGOZA DE lactone; aflatoxin; food additive; flavor ID BIOSYNTHESIS AB The effects Of gamma-decalactone and delta-decalactone on fungal growth and aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus were studied. The two compounds delayed spore germination and reduced the fungal growth rate at concentration levels between 300 and 500 ppm. gamma-Decalactone completely inhibited germination and growth at 500 ppm. Aflatoxin B(1) biosynthesis was inhibited by 57-100%, depending on the concentrations of delta-decalactone and gamma-decalactone in the media. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Shu, H (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ssth@pw.usda.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-816-1 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 591 BP 531 EP 534 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BV87M UT WOS:000180267300081 ER PT S AU McMaster, GS AF McMaster, GS BE Lieth, JH Oki, LR TI Modeling field crop and rangeland canopy development, structure, and dynamics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MODELS FOR PLANT GROWTH AND CONTROL IN GREENHOUSES: MODELING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY - AGRONOMIC AND GREENHOUSE CROP MODELS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Models for Plant Growth and Control in Greenhouses CY MAR 25-29, 2001 CL BELTSVILLE, MD SP Biol Syst Simulat Grp, Int Soc Hort Sci DE morphology; phenology; development; wheat; Triticum aestivum; maize; Zea mays ID WINTER-WHEAT; SHOOT APEX; GROWTH; SIMULATION; PHENOLOGY; WATER AB Modeling field crop and rangeland canopy development, structure, and dynamics is increasingly receiving greater attention for a variety of reasons including improving our predictions of production and yield, increasing the efficacy of management practices, and calculating the response to extreme environmental events such as hail and frost. Formally beginning with the German morphological school lead by Goethe, our understanding of fundamental principles governing plant canopy development has exploded. Understanding the canopy is composed of phytomers produced by the population of shoot apices, recognizing each phytomer is in a different microenvironment that likely receives and sends signals differentially, creating morphological naming schemes for each phytomer/tissue, better quantifying of developmental processes of the shoot apex, and correlating developmental events with growth stages provides the promise of significant improvement in modeling canopy structure and dynamics. Unfortunately, many of these concepts have been slow to be incorporated into our field crop and rangeland models. Most existing mechanistic models are energy- or carbon-driven rather than developmentally driven. To improve our plant growth models in the future, I propose that first the developmental sequence of the shoot apex of major crops and rangeland plants be summarized as has been done for wheat and maize, and then an object-oriented simulation model framework be developed that captures these developmental events. This then provides the foundation for scientists to improve the quantification and integration of physiological and developmental processes. As new understanding comes from functional genomics and other areas of study we can then improve our model(s) of canopy structure and dynamics. C1 USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP McMaster, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, POB E, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-846-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 593 BP 165 EP 170 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BW31K UT WOS:000181547800021 ER PT S AU McMaster, GS Ascough, JC Dunn, GH Weltz, MA Shaffer, MJ Palic, D Vandenberg, BC Bartling, PNS Edmunds, D Hoag, DL Ahuja, LR AF McMaster, GS Ascough, JC Dunn, GH Weltz, MA Shaffer, MJ Palic, D Vandenberg, BC Bartling, PNS Edmunds, D Hoag, DL Ahuja, LR BE Lieth, JH Oki, LR TI Application and testing of GPFARM: A farm and ranch decision support system for evaluating economic and environmental Sustainability of agricultural enterprises SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MODELS FOR PLANT GROWTH AND CONTROL IN GREENHOUSES: MODELING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY - AGRONOMIC AND GREENHOUSE CROP MODELS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Models for Plant Growth and Control in Greenhouses CY MAR 25-29, 2001 CL BELTSVILLE, MD SP Biol Syst Simulat Grp, Int Soc Hort Sci DE decision support software; on-farm testing; simulation model ID CROP AB GPFARM is a decision support system (DSS) software package currently being developed by the USDA-ARS Great Plains Systems Research Unit. The primary goal of the Great Plains Framework for Agricultural Resource Management (GPFARM) DSS is to provide farmers and ranchers with a strategic tool to evaluate long-term effects of management and resource allocation on economic and environmental sustainability. The software program incorporates three stand-alone components: a science simulation model, an economic analysis tool, and a WWW-based agricultural information system. The simulation model can be run with either historical or generated climate data. The,economic analysis tool calculates costs and returns from either model simulation output or actual farm/ranch enterprise data. Evaluating and testing GPFARM is being accomplished in many ways and on various levels. This paper focuses on GPFARM on-farm/ranch testing in collaboration with producers in three states. Two levels of on-farm testing are being performed in order to validate GPFARM. In the first, referred to as enterprise testing, detailed whole farm or ranch enterprise data are collected on resources (e.g., soils), management practices, and economics. The information is entered into GPFARM, simulations are run, and system output is evaluated by cooperators. The second level of testing, referred to as scientific testing, involves collecting similar information as in enterprise testing. However, soil sampling and analysis are conducted at planting and harvest on select fields. In addition, crop yields (determined by yield monitors) are analyzed, and on-site precipitation is collected during the growing season. We conclude this paper with valuable lessons learned in working with cooperators and conducting on-farm/ranch testing of the GPFARM DSS. C1 USDA ARS, NPA, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP McMaster, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, NPA, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, 301S Howes St,POB E, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-846-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 593 BP 171 EP 177 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BW31K UT WOS:000181547800022 ER PT S AU Reddy, VR Pachepsky, LB Whisler, FD AF Reddy, VR Pachepsky, LB Whisler, FD BE Lieth, JH Oki, LR TI Effects of temperature and photoperiod on development rates of nine soybean varieties in the Mississippi Valley SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MODELS FOR PLANT GROWTH AND CONTROL IN GREENHOUSES: MODELING FOR THE 21ST CENTURY - AGRONOMIC AND GREENHOUSE CROP MODELS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Models for Plant Growth and Control in Greenhouses CY MAR 25-29, 2001 CL BELTSVILLE, MD SP Biol Syst Simulat Grp, Int Soc Hort Sci DE ontogeny; reproductive stage; solstice; simulation; planting ID PHENOLOGY; DAYLENGTH; CULTIVARS AB Time to flowering in soybeans Glycine max (L.) Merr. is affected by environmental conditions, temperature and photoperiod being the leading environmental factors. Most of available experimental data in the Mississippi Valley indicate mid- and late spring plantings. Planting dates in soybean crops Vary significantly, and late plantings are not uncommon, especially in years with extreme spring weather events. The development rates of soybean are cultivar specific but also affected by temperature and photoperiod. The objective of this study was to quantify differences in development rates in field soybean crops encountering different daylength patterns. Nine soybean varieties were planted on three different dates in two soil types. Each treatment had five replications. Phenological observations and their quantitative analysis confirmed the earlier proposed hypothesis by Acock et al. (1997) that the daily increment in reproductive stage could be simulated as a linear function of photoperiod with slopes of these linear functions different before and after solstice. C1 USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Reddy, VR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Bldg 001,Rm 115 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-846-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 593 BP 201 EP 207 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BW31K UT WOS:000181547800026 ER PT B AU Akin, DE AF Akin, DE GP NDSU NDSU TI Standards for flax fiber SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 59TH FLAX INSTITUTE OF THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th Flax-Institute-of-the-United-States CY MAR 21-23, 2002 CL FARGO, ND SP Flax Inst US ID ENZYME; TISSUES; COLOR AB Currently, standards for flax fibers do not exist for the most part, with the exception of a method for fineness from the International Organization for Standardization. Marketing of flax fiber is based on subjective methods of evaluation, but strong interest exists for developing objective standards such as those that exist for cotton. Subcommittee D13.17 of ASTM International was established in 1999 with the goal of developing standards for industrial properties of flax fiber. Currently, a proposed terminology standard and color practice are at the Main Committee D 13 ballot stage and a draft fineness practice is at subcommittee D 13.17 ballot stage. A method to rapidly detect and monitor trash (non-fiber) components using near infrared spectroscopy is being developed, with the goal of having a standard based on shive content. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Akin, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIV, FLAX INST PI FARGO PA LOFTSGARD HALL 270A BOX 5051, FARGO, ND 58105 USA PY 2002 BP 92 EP 101 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BU79Y UT WOS:000177030000015 ER PT B AU Foulk, JA Akin, DE Dodd, RB Frederick, JR AF Foulk, JA Akin, DE Dodd, RB Frederick, JR GP NDSU NDSU TI Cultural practices of flax in the southeastern United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 59TH FLAX INSTITUTE OF THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 59th Flax-Institute-of-the-United-States CY MAR 21-23, 2002 CL FARGO, ND SP Flax Inst US ID DRY-MATTER YIELD; FIBER FLAX; ZN; CA; MG AB Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is the source of fiber for textiles, i.e., linen, and linseed. Development of a flax/linen industry in North America is needed to supply a domestic source of clean, consistent quality fiber for blending with cotton in textiles and to supply the emerging composites industry. The objective of this work was to evaluate traditional farm equipment for flax production. Flax was grown as a winter crop in the southern US and harvested with traditional mowing and baling equipment. 'Ariane' fiber flax was grown along the Coastal Plain of South Carolina in 1998-1999 under less than ideal moisture conditions using equipment and fertilizers typically available on farms in the United States. Flax harvested with drum mowing gave favorable straw yields, with stubble heights between 6.0 and 7.3 cm resulting in fiber losses of about 3 % of the plant (about 10% of the potential fiber yield). Dry straw yields were about 4,075 and 5,075 kg / ha for early and late harvests, respectively. ASTM test methods and practices are currently being developed to grade flax fibers for length, strength, fineness, color, fineness and trash to aid in marketing. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. RP Foulk, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, POB 792, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. EM jonnf@clemson.edu; deakin@qaru.ars.usda.gov; rdodd@clemson.edu NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIV, FLAX INST PI FARGO PA LOFTSGARD HALL 270A BOX 5051, FARGO, ND 58105 USA PY 2002 BP 124 EP 137 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BU79Y UT WOS:000177030000018 ER PT S AU Okie, WR Scorza, R AF Okie, WR Scorza, R BE Johnson, RS Chrisosto, CH TI Breeding peach for narrow leaf width SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL PEACH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Peach Symposium CY JUL 08-11, 2001 CL DAVIS, CA DE Prunus persica; hybrids AB Mature peach leaves are typically about 4 x 16 cm, with a width/length ratio of about 25%. A narrow leaf seedling, selected by Wayne Sherman (Univ. of Florida, Gainesville), was hybridized at USDA-Byron with adapted commercial varieties. Early generation hybrids produced small, irregular-shaped fruit. After 5 generations, current selections are approaching commercial fruit standards in size, color, firmness, and attractiveness. Narrow-leaf trees are often noticeably more open than standard trees. This leaf type may be useful in standard- or high-density plantings to enhance spray penetration, to speed drying of wet foliage to reduce disease, to improve light penetration and photosynthetic efficiency for greater fruit size and red color, and to make the fruit more visible to speed picking. Inheritance studies indicate that the narrow-leaf character is at least partially dominant and is expressed in some F-1 seedlings of crosses with wild-type parents. The exact inheritance remains unclear as the ratios obtained to date do not fit common inheritance patterns. Progeny vary in leaf width with ratios of width/length generally ranging from 10-25%. The most extreme seedling has leaves up to 28 cm long and 1 cm wide, and although it is not fruitful, it may have ornamental value. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Okie, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-836-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 592 BP 137 EP 141 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BW30S UT WOS:000181492600018 ER PT S AU Scorza, R Melnicenco, L Dang, P Abbott, AG AF Scorza, R Melnicenco, L Dang, P Abbott, AG BE Johnson, RS Chrisosto, CH TI Testing a microsatellite marker for selection of columnar growth habit in peach [Prunus persica (L.) batsch] SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL PEACH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Peach Symposium CY JUL 08-11, 2001 CL DAVIS, CA DE br; breeding; broomy; cultivar development; high-density peach; PI; pillar AB Tree fruit breeding requires large numbers of seedlings in the field for selection. These trees occupy large land areas and are expensive to maintain. Most seedlings are discarded, thus the investment in these trees is lost. Selection in the greenhouse would spare much of this expense. Marker-assisted selection offers this possibility. A microsatellite marker was tested for selection of columnar (also termed "pillar" or "broomy") growth habit (brbr). Columnar trees are being tested for high-density production systems. Seventy-five genotypes were used for this study. These included compact (CT), dwarf (DW), standard (ST), and 2 sources of columnar; showy-flowered (SFP) with small, melting-, white-flesh fruit, and non-showy flowered (NSP) with large, non-melting-, yellow-flesh fruit. The microsatellite marker pchgms1 has been previously assigned a position 12.5 cM from the br locus in SFP trees. Using pchgmsl in this study, 2 fragments were obtained. One fragment was present only in SFP trees, the other was present in all other trees, including NSP. Hybrids of SFP with NSP and with all other growth habits contained both fragments. These results indicate that trees heterozygous for SFP can be selected, using pchgmsl. At the seedling stage, prior to field planting, ST seedlings (BrBr) cannot be readily distinguished from trees heterozygous for br based on morphological traits. The efficiency of breeding programs developing brbr (columnar) or heterozygous Brbr (upright) trees could be improved by discarding ST trees prior to field planting. Using pchgms1, trees carrying the columnar trait, homozygous or heterozygous, could be selected from crosses using SFP as a parent. While this study demonstrates the usefulness of a satellite marker for selecting columnar growth habit in peach, the AFRS breeding program is utilizing NSP for cultivar development because of its higher fruit quality. The development of a microsatellite marker specifically for NSP or for both SFP and NSP sources of columnar growth habit is underway. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Scorza, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-836-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 592 BP 285 EP 289 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BW30S UT WOS:000181492600040 ER PT S AU Miller, S Scorza, R AF Miller, S Scorza, R BE Johnson, RS Chrisosto, CH TI Training and performance of pillar, upright, and standard form peach trees - Early results SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL PEACH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Peach Symposium CY JUL 08-11, 2001 CL DAVIS, CA DE Prunus persica; pruning; high density; growth habit; columnar; training system; canopy architecture ID ORCHARD AB Peach production in the U.S. relies on standard size trees on vigorous, seedling rootstocks grown at low-densities (less than or equal to 297 trees/ha). Production per hectare is low. Peach tree growth habits, such as pillar (P) (columnar canopy shape) and upright (U), can be planted in high-density systems with the potential for increased production per hectare. Pillar and upright, advanced breeding selections, and standard (S) ('Harrow Beauty') trees on `Lovell' rootstock were planted at 4 densities (135 trees/ha to 1112 trees/ha) and trained to a central leader (CL) or multiple leader (ML) form. Trees were dormant pruned and trained, then summer pruned (SP) in the first growing season after fall planting. One-half of the trees were SP in the second growing season after dormant pruning. Growth habit affected trunk and canopy size after two growing seasons. SP reduced canopy spread. Dormant CL training after one growing season required more time than ML training for all growth habits, however, the difference was greater for U and P trees (110% more time) than for S trees (39%). Branch spreading with training aids contributed to the greater training time for CL trees. Summer pruning increased light levels in the lower canopy with the greatest effect in S and U trees. Yields in the second leaf were greater for ML trained trees than CL trees. SP reduced the yield of U trees but not S or P trees. Based on these data and observations of U and P peach trees growing on a deep, well-drained fertile site, it appears that pruning and training of P and U trees to conform to a specific form may result in excessive tree vigor. Reduced early training to allow for expression of the natural growth habit may be preferable. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Miller, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-836-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 592 BP 391 EP 399 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BW30S UT WOS:000181492600053 ER PT S AU Beckman, TG Okie, WR Nyczepir, AP AF Beckman, TG Okie, WR Nyczepir, AP BE Johnson, RS Chrisosto, CH TI Influence of scion and rootstock on incidence of peach tree short life SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL PEACH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Peach Symposium CY JUL 08-11, 2001 CL DAVIS, CA DE PTSL; disease; screening; Prunus persica ID SURVIVAL; GROWTH AB Previous work has suggested that peach scion cultivar exerts a significant influence on incidence of peach tree short life (PTSL) in trees budded onto Nemaguard and Flordaguard seedling peach rootstocks. If this influence is consistent across a range of rootstocks then the influence of scion cultivar might offer a new tool for the management of PTSL. Growers could minimize losses on those sites most prone to PTSL by using the least susceptible scion/rootstock combinations. In this trial trees of 'Agua 6-4,1 'Springcrest,' 'Redglobe,' 'Redhaven' and 'Cresthaven' budded onto Guardian (BY520-9), Lovell, Nemaguard and Siberian C peach seedling rootstocks were planted on a site with a known history of PTSL. After 6 years, 31% of test trees had succumbed to PTSL and 18% to other causes. Both scion and rootstock exerted a profound influence on incidence of PTSL (P<0.0001). Mean effects of scion cultivar ranged from 10 to 49% PTSL mortality. Mean effects of rootstock treatment ranged from 10 to 85% PTSL mortality. However, a significant scion x rootstock interaction was also present (P<0.05). This appeared to be largely the result of anomalously low or high PTSL incidence observed in 2 scion/rootstock combinations. These results suggest that some caution should be used in extrapolating the rootstock treatment effects determined in a typical PTSL trial budded with a single scion cultivar to their influence beneath other untested scion cultivars. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Beckman, TG (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-836-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 592 BP 645 EP 648 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BW30S UT WOS:000181492600088 ER PT S AU Brown, MW AF Brown, MW BE Johnson, RS Chrisosto, CH TI Are flowering plants taboo in peach orchards? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL PEACH SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Peach Symposium CY JUL 08-11, 2001 CL DAVIS, CA DE plant bug; stink bug; flowering plants; integrated pest management; catface AB It is generally recommended that broadleaf plants in and around peach orchards must be controlled to minimize damage from stink bugs (Pentatomidae) and plant bugs (Lygus spp.). In research orchards located in West Virginia, USA, I have been growing peach trees as a monoculture or interplanted with apple, with and without the presence of broadleaf flowering plants. The flowering plants were used to enhance biological control of peach and apple insect pests. For two years, 1999 and 2000, damage to fruit by stink bug and plant bug was not significantly different in orchards with flowering plants and reduced insecticides as compared with an insecticide treated check orchard with just grass row middles and scattered broadleaf weeds. I suggest that vigorous, flowering broadleaf plants in peach orchards are more attractive hosts for stink bugs and plant bugs than are the peach fruit, and their presence can reduce damage by these insects thereby reducing the need for insecticide applications through early and mid-summer. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Brown, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-836-6 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 592 BP 659 EP 662 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BW30S UT WOS:000181492600091 ER PT S AU Knight, AL Potting, RPJ Light, D AF Knight, AL Potting, RPJ Light, D BE DeJong, TM TI Modeling the impact of a sex Pheromone/Kairomone attracticide for management of codling moth (Cydia pomonella) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTER MODELLING IN FRUIT RESEARCH AND ORCHARD MANAGEMENT SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Modelling Fruit Research and Orchard Management CY JUL 15-18, 2001 CL DAVIS, CA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Univ Calif Davis, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pomol DE Sex pheromone; kairomone; attracticide; population dynamics; simulation model; Cydia pomonella ID KILL AB The pear-derived volatile, ethyl (2E, 4Z)-2,4-decadienoate is a potent, stable, and selective bisexual kairomone for codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. Its discovery creates an unique opportunity to develop monitoring and control tactics targeted for both male and female moths. Here we present a population model that compares the relative effectiveness of a male-only versus a bisexual attracticide. The model tracks daily changes in the population densities of pupae, males, and mated and virgin females using daily survival rates, and natural and insecticide-related mortality for eggs and larvae. The use of sex pheromones for mating disruption is included as a scalar variable affecting mating success. Mating is also influenced by the level of competition between virgin females and the insecticide-laced pheromone point sources (determined by their density and potency). The attractiveness of the kairomone lure is determined by the density and relative attractiveness of individual fruits within the cropping system. The potency (attractiveness and lethality) of the attracticide point sources decline at a constant rate over time. Our modelling results demonstrate that the use of a female attractant greatly improves the effectiveness of the "attract and kill" technique. Our model output is compared with field data collected from apple plots treated with mating disruption and a grid of pheromone/kairomone-baited insecticide-treated stations during 2001. The influence of the seasonal attractiveness of ethyl (2E, 4Z)-2,4-decadienoate for codling moth within walnut, pear, and apple orchard the success of the "attract and kill" approach is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Knight, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-975-3 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 584 BP 215 EP 220 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BV80D UT WOS:000180071300026 ER PT S AU Finn, C Knight, VH AF Finn, C Knight, VH BE Brennan, RM Gordon, SL Williamson, B TI What's going on in the world of rubus breeding? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL RUBUS AND RIBES SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Rubus and Ribes Symposium CY JUL, 2001 CL DUNDEE, SCOTLAND SP Bayer AG, Bio Dundee, Driscoll Strawberry Associates, Dundee & Angus Convent Bur, Glaxo SmithKline, Hort Res Int, ISHS, Mylnefield Res Serv Ltd, Scottish Crop Res Inst AB "Only one more generation" has been the breeder's cry in the past, the present and will continue in the future. As we look around the world, we are faced with many of the same challenges we have always faced as the industry needs cultivars with excellent quality, higher yield, greater pest resistance and adaptation. We rely on a mixture of strong science, a keen eye and traditional breeding approaches to meet these demands. As we move forward, old issues are resurfacing, new problems are arising, and whole new production systems, business systems, and production areas are being developed and will soon dominate parts of the industry. As breeders, we are asked to meet these demands with new cultivars. C1 ARS, USDA, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Finn, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 1 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-995-8 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 585 BP 31 EP 38 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BV80E UT WOS:000180071700001 ER PT S AU Finn, C Swartz, H Moore, PP Ballington, JR Kempler, C AF Finn, C Swartz, H Moore, PP Ballington, JR Kempler, C BE Brennan, RM Gordon, SL Williamson, B TI Use of 58 Rubus species in five North American breeding programmes - Breeders Notes SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL RUBUS AND RIBES SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Rubus and Ribes Symposium CY JUL, 2001 CL DUNDEE, SCOTLAND SP Bayer AG, Bio Dundee, Driscoll Strawberry Associates, Dundee & Angus Convent Bur, Glaxo SmithKline, Hort Res Int, ISHS, Mylnefield Res Serv Ltd, Scottish Crop Res Inst AB The North American raspberry and blackberry breeding programmes conducted by the USDA-ARS in Oregon (USDA), the University of Maryland (UMD), Washington State University (WSU), North Carolina State University (NCSU) and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) have attempted to use at least 58 Rubus species in the Anoplobatus (2 species), Chamaemorus (1), Cylactis (1), Dalibardastrum (1), Idaeobatus (25), Inter-subgeneric hybrid (1), Malachobatus (10), Orobatus (3), and Rubus (14) subgenera in their breeding programmes over the past two decades. The species include: Rubus arcticus L., R. arcticus nothosubsp. stellarcticus G. Larsson, R. argutus Link, R. assamensis Focke, R. axillaris Lej., R. bogotensis Knuth., R. caesius L., R. canadensis L., R. caucasicus Focke, R. chamaemorus L., R. cockburnianus Hemsl., R. corchorifolius L. f., R. coreanus Miq., R. crataegifolius Bunge, R. cuneifolius Pursh., R. cyri Juz., R. deliciosus Torr, R. ellipticus Sm., R. eustephanos Focke ex Diels, R. flagellaris Willd., R. flosculosus Focke, R. formosensis Kuntze, R. georgicus Focke, R. glabratus Knuth, R. glaucus Benth., R. hayata-koidzundi Naruh, R. hirsutus Thunb., R. hoffmeisterianus Kunth & C.D. Bouche, R. hunanensis Hand.-Mazz., R. idaeus L., R. idaeus subsp. strigosus, R. innominatus S. Moore, R. insularis F. Aresch, R. irenaeus Focke, R. lambertianus Ser., R. lasiostylus Focke, R. leucodermis Douglas ex Torr. & A. Gray, R. multibracteatus H. Lev. & Vaniot, R. niveus Thunb., R. nubigenus Kunth (syn. R. macrocarpus Benth.), R. occidentalis L., R. parviflorus Nutt., R. parvifolius L., R. phoenicolasius Maxim., R. pileatus Focke, R. pinfaensis H. Lev. & Vaniot, R. pungens Cambess., R. roseus Poir., R. rosifolius Sm., R. sachalinensis H. Lev., R. setchuenensis Bur. & Franch., R. spectabilis Pursh, R. strigosus Michx., R. sumatranus Miq., R. swinhoeii Hance, R. tephrodes Hance, R. trifidus Thunb., R. trivialis Michx., R. tsangorum Hand.-Mazz., R. ursinus Cham. & Schltdl., and R. urticifolius Poir. The experiences of these five programmes with these species have been compiled and are available at: http://www.ars-grin.gov/cor/rubus/rubus.uses.html. C1 ARS, USDA, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Finn, C (reprint author), ARS, USDA, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-995-8 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 585 BP 113 EP 119 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BV80E UT WOS:000180071700015 ER PT S AU Martin, RR AF Martin, RR BE Brennan, RM Gordon, SL Williamson, B TI Virus diseases of Rubus and strategies for their control SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL RUBUS AND RIBES SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Rubus and Ribes Symposium CY JUL, 2001 CL DUNDEE, SCOTLAND SP Bayer AG, Bio Dundee, Driscoll Strawberry Associates, Dundee & Angus Convent Bur, Glaxo SmithKline, Hort Res Int, ISHS, Mylnefield Res Serv Ltd, Scottish Crop Res Inst DE aphid-borne viruses; nematode-borne viruses; pollen-borne viruses; epidemiology; control; resistance; engineered resistance ID HOST RANGE; RASPBERRY AB Over 30 virus and virus-like diseases infect Rubus species. In all instances, the number one priority for virus control is to establish plantings with virus-free material. Many aphid-borne viruses remain uncharacterized, due in part to their limited host range and in part to the limited number of people working on them. Breeding for aphid resistance has been successful in controlling the incidence and spread of aphid-borne viruses, primarily because within a geographic region, a single vector is responsible for transmitting these viruses. There are four nematode-borne viruses in Europe and three in North America that can cause serious diseases in Rubus species. Control of nematode-borne viruses was enhanced greatly with the introduction of soil fumigants to reduce nematode populations. However, as some of these chemicals are being removed from the market for environmental reasons, alternative control measures are needed. There are sources of genetic resistance to some of the nematode vectors but the use of these resistant genes has been a low priority in breeding programs. There are two pollen-borne viruses in Rubus, Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV) and Tobacco streak virus, the latter being of minor importance. RBDV has been controlled through the use of gene Bu that confers resistance to D-type isolates of RBDV. RBDV has become a serious problem in all raspberry production areas over the past 10 years due to the planting of newer cultivars that lack RBDV resistance and the presence of a new strain of RBDV that overcomes the resistance conferred by the Bu gene. With developments in molecular biology, new sources of virus resistance derived from the pathogens themselves have been developed for a large number of viruses. In Rubus, this type of resistance is being developed for RBDV in Scotland and North America and for Tomato ringspot virus in North America. With RBDV, we know that approximately 1/3 of the transgenic plants remain virus-free after grafting twice with RBDV-infected scions. These still need to be evaluated for fruit quality, yield and field resistance. At this time, it appears that genetically engineered virus resistance to the important viruses of Rubus will be developed, however, whether fruit produced from such plants will be accepted socially remains to be determined. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Martin, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RI Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-995-8 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 585 BP 265 EP 270 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BV80E UT WOS:000180071700043 ER PT S AU Hummer, KE Picton, DD AF Hummer, KE Picton, DD BE Brennan, RM Gordon, SL Williamson, B TI Pine blister rust resistance screening in Ribes germplasm SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL RUBUS AND RIBES SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Rubus and Ribes Symposium CY JUL, 2001 CL DUNDEE, SCOTLAND SP Bayer AG, Bio Dundee, Driscoll Strawberry Associates, Dundee & Angus Convent Bur, Glaxo SmithKline, Hort Res Int, ISHS, Mylnefield Res Serv Ltd, Scottish Crop Res Inst DE Cronartium ribicola; blackcurrants; red currants; gooseberries; jostaberries; Pinus strobus AB A preliminary study at the National Clonal Germplasm Repository in Corvallis, Oregon, determined that 110 field-grown Ribes L. genotypes were resistant to natural infection from white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola C. J. Fischer). Uredinia did not form under conditions of natural infection on these black currant (R. nigrum L.), red currant (R. rubrum L., R. sativum L.) or gooseberry (R. uva-crispa L., R. oxyacanthoides L.) genotypes for 3 to 5 years. The objective of this study was to determine if uredia would develop on these resistant genotypes after artificial inoculation. Ribes nigrum cv. Ben Alder was chosen as a susceptible control. In August 2000, uredinial spores were gathered from infected black currants leaves in the Corvallis field planting. An agar-water suspension (30,000 spores ml(-1)) was prepared and applied to leaves of four branches of intact plants for each clone. Three weeks after inoculation, 68 of the tested clones developed infection. The abaxial leaf surfaces of the blackcurrants 'Ben Alder' and 'Pilot Alexandr Mamkin' and R. x nidigrolaria Bauer cv. Jostiki, were covered with uredinia. Fewer uredinia developed on R. x nidigrolaria Bauer cv. Josta, 26 black, 11 red, 5 white currants and 12 gooseberries. No uredinia developed on 42 clones, including 12 black, 5 red, 1 white currant, or 24 gooseberries. Blackcurrant cultivars with the Cr gene for white pine blister rust immunity, i.e., Consort, Coronet, Crusader, or Titania, remained uninfected. The broad range of species and geographical origins of the highly resistant, uninfected clones suggest that several additional genetic mechanisms for rust resistance may exist in Ribes. Further studies will seek to identify additional rust-immune genotypes. C1 USDA ARS, NCGR, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Hummer, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCGR, 33447 Peoria Rd, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-995-8 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 585 BP 287 EP 291 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BV80E UT WOS:000180071700046 ER PT S AU Smith, BJ Killebrew, JF AF Smith, BJ Killebrew, JF BE Brennan, RM Gordon, SL Williamson, B TI Epidemiology and control of blackberry rosette caused by the fungus Cercosporella rubi SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL RUBUS AND RIBES SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Rubus and Ribes Symposium CY JUL, 2001 CL DUNDEE, SCOTLAND SP Bayer AG, Bio Dundee, Driscoll Strawberry Associates, Dundee & Angus Convent Bur, Glaxo SmithKline, Hort Res Int, ISHS, Mylnefield Res Serv Ltd, Scottish Crop Res Inst DE Rubus sp.; double blossom; witches' broom; fungicides AB Rosette disease may be severe on erect blackberries grown in the southeastern U.S. and often limits fruit production if not controlled. Caused by the fungus, Cereosporella rubi, the rosette disease cycle matches the biennial growth pattern of blackberries. Often rosette symptoms are not evident in a planting until the fourth year when many of the plants suddenly display signs of infection as new growth emerges in the spring. Effective fungicidal control of rosette has been erratic. The objectives of this study were to determine fungicide efficacy, optimum timing for fungicide applications, and rosette infection period. Foliar fungicides were applied to two rosette-susceptible, erect, thorny blackberry cultivars, and disease severity was rated just after the plants began to leaf out in early spring when rosettes were easily visible. Benomyl and bordeaux mixture were the most effective fungicides; however, bordeaux mixture was sometimes phytotoxic. DCNA, myclobutanil, ferbam, metalaxyl, and propiconazole gave limited control, while triadimefon, vinclozolin and iprodione were ineffective. Fungicides were most effective when applications began at bloom and continued until fungal sporulation ceased about a month after harvest. The most effective schedule for benomyl applications was two applications before harvest, one mid-harvest, and two after harvest. This schedule reduced the number of rosettes from 40 on untreated plants to 3.3 on treated plants. Since benomyl will no longer be manufactured after 2001, other effective fungicides are needed for rosette control. C1 USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Smith, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-995-8 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 585 BP 319 EP 324 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BV80E UT WOS:000180071700052 ER PT S AU Perkins-Veazie, P Kalt, W AF Perkins-Veazie, P Kalt, W BE Brennan, RM Gordon, SL Williamson, B TI Postharvest storage of blackberry fruit does not increase antioxidant levels SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL RUBUS AND RIBES SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Rubus and Ribes Symposium CY JUL, 2001 CL DUNDEE, SCOTLAND SP Bayer AG, Bio Dundee, Driscoll Strawberry Associates, Dundee & Angus Convent Bur, Glaxo SmithKline, Hort Res Int, ISHS, Mylnefield Res Serv Ltd, Scottish Crop Res Inst DE flavonoids; small fruits; anthocyanin; phenolics; Rubus ID CAPACITY; ANTHOCYANINS; PHENOLICS; CULTIVAR AB Blackberries (Rubus sp.) are a rich source of anthocyanins and other polyphenolic antioxidants. Because of their antioxidant properties, dietary polyphenolics have been associated with a reduced risk of various degenerative conditions including certain cancers and disease. A number of studies have been done to identify germplasm high in ORAC (oxygen radical absorbing capacity) in Rubus species. The present study was done to determine how the ORAC of blackberries was affected by fruit storage. Blackberries of five cultivars, originating from the University of Arkansas breeding program (all tetraploids), grown in Lane, Okla. and harvested in 1998 at the shiny black and dull black stages of ripeness, were held at 2 degreesC, 95% relative humidity for 7 days plus 2 days at 20 degreesC. Nondecayed berries were freeze-dried and powder of drupelet and receptacle tissue (no seeds) was extracted with acidified methanol. Samples were prepared for ORAC analysis using a COBAS-FARA II spectrofluorometric centrifugal analyzer. No significant differences were found between shiny and dull black fruit. ORAC values were highest in 'Kiowa' and lowest in 'Shawnee' fruit (4048 and 2690 mumol trolox/g freeze dried tissue, respectively). Values averaged for stored fruit were slightly lower than for fresh berries (3110 vs 3393 mumol trolox/g, respectively). These results indicate that the ORAC of these blackberry cultivars is not significantly increased at the latter stages of ripeness or by fruit storage at 2 degreesC. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Perkins-Veazie, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-995-8 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 585 BP 521 EP 524 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BV80E UT WOS:000180071700084 ER PT S AU Spiers, JM Braswell, JH AF Spiers, JM Braswell, JH BE Brennan, RM Gordon, SL Williamson, B TI Influence of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg rates on leaf macronutrient concentration of 'Navaho' blackberry SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL RUBUS AND RIBES SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Rubus and Ribes Symposium CY JUL, 2001 CL DUNDEE, SCOTLAND SP Bayer AG, Bio Dundee, Driscoll Strawberry Associates, Dundee & Angus Convent Bur, Glaxo SmithKline, Hort Res Int, ISHS, Mylnefield Res Serv Ltd, Scottish Crop Res Inst DE plant nutrition; fertilization; Rubus ID GROWTH AB 'Navaho' blackberry plants were grown in sand culture for two years and fertilized with solutions consisting of five macro nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) applied at three different rates (0 mg/l, control and 10X control). Foliar samples were collected at 4, 8, and 16 weeks after treatment initiation during the second growing season. The 10X N rate resulted in high leaf concentrations of N and P but lower leaf concentrations of K, Ca, and Mg. High P rates increased leaf P only. The 10X K rate inhibited Ca and Mg uptake but increased the leaf contents of K. High Ca fertilization increased Ca leaf content and decreased the uptake of Mg. The 10X rate of Mg increased leaf Mg content but reduced the leaf content of Ca. Toxicity and deficiency symptoms were more evident with the N, K, and Mg fertilizer treatments. C1 USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39270 USA. RP Spiers, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39270 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-995-8 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 585 BP 659 EP 663 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BV80E UT WOS:000180071700109 ER PT S AU Meerow, AW AF Meerow, AW BE Littlejohn, G Venter, R Lombard, C TI The new phylogeny of the lilioid monocotyledons SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FLOWERBULBS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Flowerbulbs CY AUG 28-31, 2000 CL CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA DE cladistics; geophytes; molecular systematics; monocotyledons; phylogeny ID SEQUENCE DATA; CONFIDENCE-LIMITS; AMARYLLIDACEAE; BOOTSTRAP; RBCL AB In 1969, Huber radically challenged concepts of familial and ordinal limits of the monocotyledons, emphasizing less conspicuous characters, particularly embryological characters, over gross floral or vegetative morphology. Huber's work highlighted the heterogeneity present in many traditional monocot families, especially Liliaceae. Much of this work was refined and placed into phylogenetic context by the late Rolf Dahlgren and coworkers. In Dahlgren, Clifford, and Yeols 1985 synthesis, the lilioid monocotyledons are recognized as two orders, the Asparagales, (31 families) and Liliales (10 families) that have evolved many traits in parallel. Two of the most important and consistent characters separating these two orders are the presence of septal nectaries in the ovary and phytomelan in the seed coat of Asparagales. Perigonal nectaries and the absence of phytomelan characterize the Liliales. To date, phylogenetic analyses of the monocotyledons, based on both morphological and multiple gene sequences, have supported this classification with some amendment (for example, Iridaceae and Orchidaceae, classified with Liliales by Dahlgren et al. are now known to belong to Asparagales). The consequence of the phylogenetic approach to classification of the lilies has been the recognition of a sizable number of small families. Most taxonomists believe that classification which reflects true phylogeny is preferable to a synthetic taxonomy that lumps unrelated but convergent taxa into large, unnatural families. The latest research on the new synthesis of monocot evolution is reviewed, with particular emphasis on families rich in horticulturally important geophytic genera, such as Amaryllidaceae, Hyacinthaceae and Liliaceae. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 570 BP 31 EP 45 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BU44Z UT WOS:000176011300002 ER PT S AU Meerow, AW Preuss, KD Tombolato, AFC AF Meerow, AW Preuss, KD Tombolato, AFC BE Littlejohn, G Venter, R Lombard, C TI Griffinia (Amaryllidaceae), a critically endangered Brazilian geophyte with horticultural potential SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FLOWERBULBS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Flowerbulbs CY AUG 28-31, 2000 CL CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA DE flower bulb; geophyte; endangered species; floriculture; new crops AB The genus Griffinia consists of about a dozen species of rainforest or dry forest understory bulbous geophytes endemic to eastern Brazil. Two subgenera are recognized: subgenus Griffinia, found in coastal Atlantic Rainforest and its inland extensions, and subg. Hyline, an herb of sub-xeric cerrado or caatinga vegetation. The two species of subg. Hyline are nocturnal, white-flowered, and fragrant. The 10 species of subg. Griffinia are lilac to almost blue-flowered (rarely white). The species of subg. Griffinia are adapted to very low light levels, and have attractive petiolate leaves that are frequently spotted white. The species are characterized by 2n = 20 chromosomes, but a preponderance of triploid individuals have been found in cultivation in Brazil. In addition to being exceedingly endangered by habitat destruction, the species have great unexploited horticultural potential as containerized plants and landscape perennials in tropical regions. Much basic work remains to be done on the genus; for example, nothing is known about its flowering physiology. One species, G. hyacinthina, has been successfully micropropagated in Brazil. Development of Griffinia as a floricultural crop must also be pursued with attention to the germplasm rights of the country of origin. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Syst, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Natl Germplasm Syst, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 570 BP 57 EP 64 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BU44Z UT WOS:000176011300004 ER PT J AU Miller, DR Miller, GL AF Miller, DR Miller, GL TI Redescription of Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink (Hemiptera : Coccoidea : Pseudococcidae), including descriptions of the immature stages and adult male SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE mealy bugs; Coccoidea; Pseudococcidae; ontogeny; pest; papaya; Carica papaya; hibiscus; invasive species; pest; Florida; Caribbean AB Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink, commonly known as the papaya mealybug was first discovered in the Caribbean in 1994 and was collected in Florida in 1998. To facilitate implementation of control measures we have prepared descriptions, illustrations, and keys for all stages of this species including: First instar, second-instar male and female, third-instar male (prepupa) and female, fourth-instar male (pupa) and female (adult), and fifth-instar male (adult). Comparisons are given between P. marginatus and other species of Paracoccus as well as other commonly encountered mealybug species in Florida and the Caribbean. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Miller, DR (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA, Bldg 005,Room 137,BARCW, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 104 IS 1 BP 1 EP 23 PG 23 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 518QE UT WOS:000173678700001 ER PT J AU Carroll, JE AF Carroll, JE TI Notes on the responses of host-seeking nymphs and adults of the ticks Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum (Acari : Ixodidae) to canine, avian, and deer-produced substances SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE kairomones; blacklegged ticks; lone star tick ID LYME-DISEASE; DAMMINI; FIELD AB In laboratory and behavioral bioassays, host-seeking nymphs and adults of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, were exposed to substances rubbed from the coats of dogs, from chicken feathers and from the interdigital glands of white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann). Nymphs of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.) were exposed to substances from chicken feathers. Nymphs of I. scapularis became akinetic on surfaces rubbed with substances from chicken feathers, but A. americanum nymphs did not. Overall, nymphs of L scapularis appeared to avoid substances rubbed from the coats of dogs. Although hair samples were obtained from 14 dogs maintained under the same conditions, substances from the hair of one dog elicited arrestant responses among nymphs and substances from the hair of another dog appeared to completely repel I. scapularis nymphs. Adult I. scapularis of both sexes showed high levels of arrestment when exposed to substances from the same canine hair samples. No arrestment was observed when I. scapularis nymphs were exposed to interdigital gland substances of white-tailed deer does. C1 ARS, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Carroll, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 104 IS 1 BP 73 EP 78 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 518QE UT WOS:000173678700008 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ AF Henry, TJ TI New species of the plant bug genera Keltonia Knight and Pseudatomoscelis Reuter (Heteroptera : Miridae : Phylinae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Heteroptera; Miridae; Phylinae; Keltonia wheeleri; Pseudatomoscelis nubila; new species; Nearctic; Neotropical AB The new phyline plant bugs, Keltonia wheeleri from Georgia and South Carolina in the southeastern United States, and Pseudatomoscelis nubila from Province Pedernales in the Dominican Republic, are described. A dorsal habitus illustration and selected scanning electron micrographs of K. wheeleri, mate genitalia of both species, and modified identification keys, including photographs of the keyed species [K. rubrofemorata (Knight); K. wheeleri, n.sp.; P. flora (Van Duzee); P. insularis Henry; P. nubila, n.sp.; and P. seriata (Reuter)], are provided to help distinguish the new species. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 104 IS 1 BP 97 EP 105 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 518QE UT WOS:000173678700011 ER PT J AU Miller, GL Stoetzel, MB Lopez, R Potter, DA AF Miller, GL Stoetzel, MB Lopez, R Potter, DA TI Geoica setulosa (Passerini) (Hemiptera : Aphididae): New distribution records for North America SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Aphidoidea; North America; key; turfgrass AB We report the first eastern United States records of the fordine aphid Geoica setulosa (Passerini). Description and illustrations of the apterous viviparous female and a key to species of Geoica in the United States are provided. C1 ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Miller, GL (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA, Bldt 005,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 104 IS 1 BP 160 EP 163 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 518QE UT WOS:000173678700018 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Schiff, NM AF Smith, DR Schiff, NM TI A review of the siricid woodwasps and their Ibaliid parasitoids (Hymenoptera : Siricidae, Ibaliidae) in the eastern United States, with emphasis on the mid-Atlantic region SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Sirex; Urocerus; Tretnex; Xerix; Eriotremex; Ibalia; fungal symbionts ID CYNIPOIDEA AB Keys are presented for the five genera and 15 species of adult Siricidae and one genus and two species of their parasitoids of the family Ibaliidae that occur in or may be adventive in eastern United States. Siricid larvae are wood borers in conifers and broadleafed trees. Notes on their biology, fungal symbionts. distributions and host associations are given. Data from collections in the mid-Atlantic states include seasonal occurrence of both Siricidae and Ibaliidae. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 55 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 104 IS 1 BP 174 EP 194 PG 21 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 518QE UT WOS:000173678700021 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ Schuh, RT AF Henry, TJ Schuh, RT TI Two new genera to accommodate two North American plant bugs (Heteroptera : Miridae : Phylinae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Heteroptera; Miridae; Sthenaropsidea; Gonoporomiris; new genera; Sthenarus mcateei; Demarata mirifica; new combinations; Nearctic; distribution AB The new genus Sthenaropsidea is established to accommodate Sthenarus mcateei Knight, known from eastern United States, and the new genus Gonoporomiris is established for Demarata mirifica Distant, previously known from Veracruz, Mexico, and newly reported from Grand Bahama Island, the Dominican Republic, and Florida in the United States. Provided are illustrations of the male genitalia, adult dorsal and lateral photographs, new distribution records, and a discussion of relationships. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS,Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, Washington, DC 20506 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS,Systemat Entomol Lab,PSI, Washington, DC 20506 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 104 IS 1 BP 211 EP 220 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 518QE UT WOS:000173678700023 ER PT J AU Vandenberg, NJ AF Vandenberg, NJ TI The New World genus Cycloneda Crotch (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae : Coccinellini): historical review, new diagnosis, new generic and specific synonyms, and an improved key to North American species SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Cycloneda; Coccinellina; Pseudadonia; Synonychini; Coccinellini; lady beetle; systematics; synonymy; Nearctic; Neotropical ID OLLA AB Taxonomic, nomenclatoral, and comparative morphological studies of Cycloneda Crotch are reviewed. The genus is diagnosed and compared to both related and superficially similar taxa. Pseudadonia Timberlake is recognized as a junior synonym (n. syn.). The species composition of the fauna is delineated, but the need to re-examine species limits and nomenclatoral priorities is stressed. New synonyms are proposed for two species of Cycloneda occurring in North America: Coccinella krikkeni Iablokoff-Khnzorian, reported from India, and Cycloneda atra Casey (of unknown origin) are new junior synonyms of Cycloneda munda (Say); Cycloneda hondurasica Casey (Honduras) and Coccinella reflexa Germain (Chile) are new junior synonyms of Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus). Adalia galapagoensis Van Dyke is transferred to the genus Cycloneda (Cycloneda galapagoensis, n. comb.) and identified as a close relative of Cycloneda sanguinea. Cycloneda sanguinea caymana Chapin is elevated to full species status (Cycloneda caymana, n. status). A new key to species of North American Cycloneda is provided. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS,PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Vandenberg, NJ (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS,PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 62 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 104 IS 1 BP 221 EP 236 PG 16 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 518QE UT WOS:000173678700024 ER PT J AU Konstantinov, AS AF Konstantinov, AS TI New data on the structure of the female genitalia of flea beetles (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID ALTICINAE C1 Smithsonian Inst, US Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS,PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Konstantinov, AS (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, US Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS,PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 104 IS 1 BP 237 EP 239 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 518QE UT WOS:000173678700025 ER PT B AU Ford, WM Dobony, CA Edwards, JW AF Ford, WM Dobony, CA Edwards, JW BE Eversole, AG TI Shrews in managed northern hardwood stands in the Allegheny Mountains of West Virginia SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTY-SIXTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE AGENCIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Conference of the Southeastern-Association-of-Fish-and-Wildlife-Agencies CY OCT 26-30, 2002 CL Baltimore, MD SP SE Assoc Fish & Wildlife Agencies ID APPALACHIAN FORESTS; SMALL MAMMALS; ABUNDANCE; AGE AB Shrews are an abundant and important component of the mammalian fauna in central and southern Appalachian forested habitats. Because most soricids are small, cryptic, and difficult to survey, they typically have been underrepresented in research examining effects of forest management on small mammals. To assess shrew response to clearcutting northern hardwood forests in the Allegheny Mountains of West Virginia, we conducted a pitfall trapping survey during the late spring and early summer of 1998 and 1999 across a chronosequence of northern hardwood stand-ages from recently clearcut to those >60 years old. Capture frequency of masked shrews (Sorex cinereus), smoky shrews (S. fumeus), and northern short-tailed shrews (Blarina brevicauda) did not differ among stand-ages. Shrew captures were influenced more by differences in weather conditions between years and pitfall type. Masked shrew and smoky shrew captures were correlated positively with daily precipitation and negatively with maximum daily temperature in 1999, a severe drought year. Pitfalls placed along natural cover such as downed woody debris and emergent rock captured more masked shrews and smoky shrews than did pitfalls placed in the open forest floor. Rock shrews (S. dispar) and pygmy shrews (S. hoyi), both habitat specialists that our survey did not target, were collected only in pitfalls placed near cover. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NW Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Ford, WM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NW Res Stn, Box 404, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION FISH & WILDLIFE AGENCIES (SEAFWA) PI TALLAHASSEE PA 8005 FRESHWATER FARMS RD, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32308 USA PY 2002 BP 374 EP 384 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA BY52V UT WOS:000189400700036 ER PT S AU Jackson, DM Bohac, JR Dalip, KM Lawrence, J Clarke-Harris, D McComie, L Gore, J McGlashan, D Chung, P Edwards, S Tolin, S Edwards, C AF Jackson, DM Bohac, JR Dalip, KM Lawrence, J Clarke-Harris, D McComie, L Gore, J McGlashan, D Chung, P Edwards, S Tolin, S Edwards, C BE Ames, T TI Integrated pest management of sweetpotato in the Caribbean SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SWEETPOTATO: FOOD AND HEALTH FOR THE FUTURE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Sweetpotato CY JUL 26-29, 2001 CL LIMA, PERU SP Ctr Techn Cooperat Agricole & Rurale, Coca Cola Serv Peru SA, Delta Diagnost SRL, FAO, Hortus SA, Inst Nacl Investigac Agraria, Inter Amer Inst Cooperat Agr, Int Potato Ctr, Shell Peru SA, Union Cervecerias Peruanas Backus Johnston SAA DE Cylas; Euscepes; Ipomoea; IPM; typophorus; traps; pheromone ID SWEET-POTATO WEEVIL; FORMICARIUS FABRICIUS COLEOPTERA; SYNTHETIC SEX-PHEROMONE; CYLAS-FORMICARIUS; UGANDA; CURCULIONIDAE; BRENTIDAE; TRAPS AB Insect pests of sweetpotato are best controlled by integrated pest management (IPM) approaches. The sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius, is the most important worldwide pest, however in some Caribbean nations, the West Indian sweetpotato weevil, Euscepes postfasciatus, is the predominant species. Wireworms, cucumber beetles, white grubs, flea beetles, and various foliar pests also may occur. An emerging pest in Jamaica is the sweetpotato leaf beetle. A sweetpotato IPM program, developed under IPM CRSP (Collaborative Research Support Program) and tested in Jamaica, demonstrated a 2-3-fold reduction in pest damage. This program emphasized cultural control techniques, such as good land preparation, irrigation, drainage, crop rotation, field sanitation, selection of clean cuttings, and prevention of root exposure by hilling plants and keeping the soil moist to prevent cracking. Harvest should be prompt, and piecemeal harvesting is discouraged. Old plant materials and alternate hosts should be destroyed. Various biological control measures, like pheromone traps for weevil monitoring and control, can be used. If available, resistant varieties should be planted. Insecticides should be used only when necessary. The development, evaluation, and implementation of an IPM program should involve a baseline survey, technology transfer, and impact assessment phases. Pest problems vary from island to island in the Caribbean, so regionalization of IPM technology should be tailored to meet special local needs. Differences in regional tastes and production practices, policy issues, regulatory considerations, and economics must also be considered. IPM implementation depends on efficient distribution of information using books, information bulletins, fact sheets, and internet services. Demonstration plots and farmer-participatory workshops are useful. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. RP Jackson, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. NR 75 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-985-0 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 583 BP 143 EP 154 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BV80C UT WOS:000180070900016 ER PT S AU Takeda, F AF Takeda, F BE Hietaranta, T Linna, MM Palonen, P Parikka, P TI Out-of-season strawberry production in the Eastern United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL STRAWBERRY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Strawberry Symposium CY JUL 09-14, 2000 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND DE Fragaria x ananassa; soilless; hydroponics; plugs; biological control AB Plug plants of 'Chandler' strawberry were transplanted into horizontal nutrient film technique (NFT) gutters. Plants produced from runner tips taken in June and transferred into a 1-L container in September developed greater numbers of branch crowns and produced more fruit in winter than plants from tips taken later and maintained in 0.08-L cells. Plug plants derived from large and small tips produced similar yields. Chilling (10 degreesC) of plug plants during the nyctoperiod for 20 day had no effect on the fruiting pattern or total yield. Fruit production in NFT gutters was as much as 0.9 kg/plant. Pest problems were minimized by regular releases of predatory mites for control of two-spotted spider mites and flower thrips. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Takeda, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-775-0 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 567 BP 569 EP 572 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BU53P UT WOS:000176275300122 ER PT S AU Smith, BJ AF Smith, BJ BE Hietaranta, T Linna, MM Palonen, P Parikka, P TI Susceptibility of vegetative tissues of fruit and vegetable hosts to infection by various Colletotrichum species SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL STRAWBERRY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Strawberry Symposium CY JUL 09-14, 2000 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND DE anthracnose; strawberry; blueberry; muscadine grape; tomato; pepper ID STRAWBERRY AB Colletotrichum species cause many serious diseases of fruits and vegetables worldwide. Three species, C. acutatum, C. fragariae, and C. gloeosporioides, are major pathogens of strawberry causing anthracnose fruit and crown rots. One disease control strategy is to establish new strawberry fields with "clean" anthracnose-free plants. To test the hypothesis that Colletotrichum species may move from host to host, 37 Colletotrichum isolates representing nine species collected from 12 hosts were wound inoculated onto the leaves and stems of strawberry, blueberry, blackberry, muscadine grape, tomato and pepper. Inoculated plants were incubated at 100% RH and 25C for 48 hr. Symptoms were rated after 30 days. The four C. fragaraie isolates were most aggressive causing lesion development at an average of 38% of inoculation sites on all hosts except pepper. The percentage infection for the other species was C. capsici 25%, C. gloeosporioides 18%, C. acutatum 15%, C. destructivum 11%, C. truucatum 9%, C. coccodes 8%, C. higgiusianun 6%, and C. orbiculare 5%. More lesions developed on stems than on leaves. Strawberry was the most susceptible host with 58% of petiole and 14% of leaf inoculations resulting in lesion development. Pepper was the most resistant host with no symptom development on leaves or stems following inoculation with any isolate. Lesion development with all 37 isolates on stem tissues for the other hosts was blueberry 34%, muscadine grape 26%, blackberry 19% and tomato 13%. The most aggressive of the 16 C. acutatum isolates originated from tomato and pepper. These results suggest that primary anthracnose infections in strawberry fields may rarely originate from other diseased fruit or vegetable hosts. C1 USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Smith, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-775-0 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 567 BP 631 EP 634 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BU53P UT WOS:000176275300136 ER PT S AU Jomantiene, R Maas, JL Dally, EL Davis, RE AF Jomantiene, R Maas, JL Dally, EL Davis, RE BE Hietaranta, T Linna, MM Palonen, P Parikka, P TI Phytoplasmas in strawberry with fruit phyllody SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FOURTH INTERNATIONAL STRAWBERRY SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Strawberry Symposium CY JUL 09-14, 2000 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND DE Fragaria x ananassa; diseases; leafy fruit ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CLASSIFICATION; SEQUENCES; DISEASES; FLORIDA AB We have found four distinct phytoplasmas associated with phyllody of strawberry fruit: strawberry multicipita (SM) phytoplasma phylogenetically classified in 16S rRNA (16Sr) group VI, subgroup B), STRAWB2 phytoplasma (16Sr 1, subgroup K), clover yellow edge phytoplasma (16Sr 111, subgroup A), and a new Group III phytoplasma. The SM and STRAWB2 phytoplasmas were detected in plants with phylloid fruit that also exhibited stunting and crown proliferation (SM phytoplasma) or stunting and leaf chlorosis (STRAWB2 phytoplasma). This is the first report to associate strawberry fruit phyllody with the presence of these phytoplasmas, and to suggest that fruit phyllody in strawberry may be a general symptom associated with phytoplasma infection. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jomantiene, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-775-0 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 567 BP 635 EP 638 PG 4 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BU53P UT WOS:000176275300137 ER PT S AU Swietlik, D AF Swietlik, D BE Tagliavini, M Toselli, M Bertschinger, L Neilsen, D Thalheimer, M TI Zinc nutrition of fruit trees by foliar sprays SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FOLIAR NUTRITION OF PERENNIAL FRUIT PLANTS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Foliar Nutrition of Perennial Fruit Plants CY SEP 11-15, 2001 CL MERAN, ITALY SP Cent Casse Rurali, Fdn Cassa Risparmio, AGROS Grp, Cifo SpA, Consorzio Agrario Bolzano Bozen, Consorzio Agrario Ravenna, ILSA SpA, L Gobbi srl, Phosoyn Italia, Valagro Atessa Chieti DE fertilizers; foliar absorption; vegetative growth; yield; fruit quality ID TRANSPORT; PISTACHIO; ORANGE; BORON AB Effective methods of supplying Zn to fruit trees are needed to combat widespread deficiency of this element all over the world. Soil applications are not very effective because the roots of fruit crops occupy deep soil layers and zinc does not easily move in the soil. Although foliar sprays are more effective, foliar-absorbed Zn is not easily translocated in plants, which necessitates repeated spray applications and diminishes the ability of foliar sprays to alleviate Zn deficiency in all plant parts. Conditions under which fruit trees are most likely to respond to corrective Zn treatments in terms of growth, yield, and fruit quality are not completely understood. In citrus and apples, the occurrence of severe deficiency symptoms appears to be a prerequisite for tree responses. Zinc foliar sprays applied before anthesis may be most beneficial in terms of fruit yield in citrus and grapes. More research is needed to better define the critical periods for Zn supply to assure optimal fruit set, fruit growth, and high external and internal fruit quality. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV USA. RP Swietlik, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-826-9 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 594 BP 123 EP 129 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BW31L UT WOS:000181548300011 ER PT S AU Conway, WS Sams, CE Hickey, KD AF Conway, WS Sams, CE Hickey, KD BE Tagliavini, M Toselli, M Bertschinger, L Neilsen, D Thalheimer, M TI Pre- and postharvest calcium treatment of apple fruit and its effect on quality SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FOLIAR NUTRITION OF PERENNIAL FRUIT PLANTS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Foliar Nutrition of Perennial Fruit Plants CY SEP 11-15, 2001 CL MERAN, ITALY SP Cent Casse Rurali, Fdn Cassa Risparmio, AGROS Grp, Cifo SpA, Consorzio Agrario Bolzano Bozen, Consorzio Agrario Ravenna, ILSA SpA, L Gobbi srl, Phosoyn Italia, Valagro Atessa Chieti DE pressure infiltration; CaCl2; Malus domestica; foliar tree spray; mineral; Penicillium expansum ID GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLES; PRESSURE INFILTRATION; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; DECAY; STORAGE; SPRAYS; TIME AB Calcium is thought to be the most important mineral element determining fruit quality. It seems to be especially important in apples where it has been shown to reduce metabolic disorders. Calcium in adequate amounts helps to maintain apple fruit firmness and decreases the incidence of physiological disorders such as water core, bitter pit and internal breakdown. Postharvest decay may also be reduced by increasing the calcium content of apple fruit. The major problem is getting enough calcium into the fruit to have the desired effects. Soil treatments with calcium to increase fruit calcium concentration have often met with very little success. The direct application of calcium to the fruit is the most effective method for increasing fruit calcium content. This can be accomplished by preharvest sprays or postharvest dips or vacuum or pressure infiltration. Although calcium sprayed on apples on the tree can increase calcium content of the fruit, direct postharvest treatment of the fruit in solutions of calcium chloride can be even more effective. Pressure infiltration with solutions of calcium chloride can increase the calcium concentrations of apple fruit more effectively than vacuum infiltration which is more effective than dipping. Both pre- and postharvest calcium treatment methods have inherent problems. Inadequate calcium uptake is a problem in some cases in that not enough calcium is taken into the fruit to have a positive effect. In other cases, excessive calcium is taken into the fruit and injury results. Developing a commercially acceptable method of successfully increasing calcium concentration in fruit is a continuing challenge. In the meantime, orchard management to optimize fruit calcium uptake in the preharvest environment combined with supplemental postharvest application is the best strategy to prevent losses due to low fruit calcium. C1 USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fruit Res & Extens Ctr, Biglerville, PA USA. RP Conway, WS (reprint author), USDA, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-826-9 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 594 BP 413 EP 419 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BW31L UT WOS:000181548300053 ER PT S AU Fitch, MMM Leong, T Akashi, L Yeh, A White, S Ferreira, S Moore, P AF Fitch, MMM Leong, T Akashi, L Yeh, A White, S Ferreira, S Moore, P BE Drew, R TI Papaya ringspot virus resistance genes as a stimulus for developing new cultivars and new production systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FRUITS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits CY NOV 26-DEC 01, 2000 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA SP Hort Australia Ltd, Griffith Univ, Queensland Fruit & Vegetable Growers, Queensland Govt, Dept Primary Ind, Queensland Govt, Food & Meat Ind Taskforce, Dept State Dev, Rural Ind Res & Dev Corp, Australian Journal Experiment Agr, Australian Agcy Int Dev, Australian Ctr Int Agr Res DE papaya transformation; clonal propagation; backcross hybrids AB Transgenic papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) resistant cultivars have revitalized a papaya industry that nearly collapsed following an outbreak of PRSV. Other crop production challenges remain, for example, the agronomic practice of direct multiple seeding for later thinning to a single hermaphrodite tree remains wasteful of seed, labor, and resources. In addition, Hawaii's major papaya production region with rocky, shallow soil and high rainfall could expand to more highly productive deep, irrigated soils if cultivars selected for these environments were also resistant to PRSV. We developed clonal propagation systems to replace multiple seedlings. Growth and yield trials showed that the clonally propagated plants bore fruit earlier, lower on the trunk, and could be harvested without extra equipment for a longer period than could seedlings. We developed new PRSV resistant cultivars by direct genetic transformation and also introgressed the PRSV resistance gene from Rainbow F2 progeny into the soil-adapted, Phytophthora-tolerant cultivar Kamiya. The fruit of Kamiya is distinguished from that of Rainbow in that it is larger with a thick orange-yellow flesh and flavors reminiscent of coconut or mango. Both hybridization and transformation programs produced PRSV resistant lines of Kamiya. Rainbow F2 plants have also been backcrossed with their firm-fleshed Kapoho parent to improve shipping and handling qualities while maintaining resistance to PRSV and Phytophthora. Progeny from these crosses are performing well and may lead to the development of new cultivars. Results of evaluation trials will be given. C1 USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Fitch, MMM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-885-4 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 575 BP 85 EP 91 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BU79S UT WOS:000177028100006 ER PT S AU Mattoo, A Cassol, T Mehta, R Ali, N Abdul-Baki, A Handa, A AF Mattoo, A Cassol, T Mehta, R Ali, N Abdul-Baki, A Handa, A BE Drew, R TI Genetic engineering of tomato fruit for sustained accumulation of polyamines during ripening to study their physiological role(s) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL FRUITS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Tropical and Subtropical Fruits CY NOV 26-DEC 01, 2000 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA SP Hort Australia Ltd, Griffith Univ, Queensland Fruit & Vegetable Growers, Queensland Govt, Dept Primary Ind, Queensland Govt, Food & Meat Ind Taskforce, Dept State Dev, Rural Ind Res & Dev Corp, Australian Journal Experiment Agr, Australian Agcy Int Dev, Australian Ctr Int Agr Res DE biotechnology; ethylene; lycopene; plant hormones; polyamines; shelf-life ID BIOSYNTHESIS AB Tomato fruits were engineered to accumulate polyamines, spermidine and spermine, during ripening by genetic introduction of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMdc) gene fused with the ripening-inducible promoter. The transgenic fruits were field tested over several years and the incorporated SAMdc gene was found to be stable. The higher levels of spermidine and spermine accumulated at the expense of their precursor putrescine and correlated with increased and sustained accumulation of the SAMdc gene transcripts, suggesting that the SAMdc expression enhances the flux of putrescine towards higher amines. Beneficial attributes of the transgenic fruit include longer vine and significant increase in the lycopene content. C1 USDA ARS, HAW Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mattoo, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, HAW Beltsville Agr Res Ctr W, Vegetable Lab, W Bldg 010A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-885-4 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 575 BP 157 EP 161 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA BU79S UT WOS:000177028100015 ER PT S AU Roberts, RG AF Roberts, RG BE Hale, C Mitchell, R TI Evaluation of buffer zone size and inspection number reduction on phytosanitary risk associated with fire blight and export of mature apple fruit SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IXTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FIRE BLIGHT SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Fire Blight CY OCT 08-12, 2001 CL NAPIER, NEW ZEALAND SP New Zealand Soc Hort Sci, Hort & Food Res Inst New Zealand Ltd, Int Soc Hort Sci Working Grp Fire Blight ID ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; POPULATION AB Apple fruit from Washington State were first exported to Japan in 1995 under export regulations for fire blight that included a 500-meter (radius) buffer zone around export blocks, three orchard inspections, and disqualification of the export block if fire blight is found in the block or buffer zone. In 1999, the U.S. proposed program changes to reduce the buffer to 10 meters and to reduce the number of inspections to one. In 2000, experiments were conducted jointly by Japan MAFF and USDA-ARS to determine the effect of buffer size on the incidence of Erwinia amylovora in mature apple fruit. Two experimental sites were used from which 30900 mature apple fruit 0, 10, 25, 50, 100 or 300 meters from the source of fire blight inoculum were harvested for analysis. Nine hundred fruit were analyzed directly after harvest for internal populations of E. amylovora. No E. amylovora was detected in any fruit, even when harvested from trees with or directly adjacent to fire blight. Of 30000 fruit stored in cold storage for three months, none developed fire blight. These results indicate that a buffer of any size provides no phytosanitary security. To determine whether early season fire blight could be confirmed at harvest, 120 shoots of four varieties were inoculated at petalfall with E. amylovora, tagged, wetted and bagged in plastic for 4-6 days. After disease development, half of the strikes were pruned out. At harvest no recurring symptoms were observed at the pruned stubs. At harvest time all the remaining strikes were cut out and confirmed as being caused by E. amylovora using either CCT medium or with E. amwylovora-specific PCR. These results demonstrate that strikes on all varieties were accurately and reliably confirmed at harvest, although they developed much earlier in the growing season, and that a single inspection at harvest can confirm early-season blight. C1 USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Roberts, RG (reprint author), USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-806-4 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 590 BP 47 EP 53 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BV90K UT WOS:000180353100003 ER PT S AU Pusey, PL AF Pusey, PL BE Hale, C Mitchell, R TI Interrelationship of temperature, flower development and biological control of fire blight SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IXTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FIRE BLIGHT SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Fire Blight CY OCT 08-12, 2001 CL NAPIER, NEW ZEALAND SP New Zealand Soc Hort Sci, Hort & Food Res Inst New Zealand Ltd, Int Soc Hort Sci Working Grp Fire Blight DE Erwinia amylovora; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Pantoea agglomerans; Malus x domestica; apple; crab apple; flower stigma ID ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; BLOSSOMS; PEAR AB BlightBan (a.i., Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506) has been available in recent years and other biological agents (e.g., Pantoea agglomerans strains C9-1 and E325) are being developed for fire blight control. Advances will partly depend on an understanding of interrelationships involving environment, flower development and senescence, and microorganisms. Laboratory experiments were performed with detached blossoms of crab apple (Malus sp. 'Manchurian'). When inoculated stigmas were held at various temperatures, strain A506 failed to grow at the upper temperature range of Erwinia amylovora, but strains C9-1 and E325 had ranges extending beyond that of the pathogen. When flowers were subject to various temperatures and incubation periods before inoculation, the duration of stigma conduciveness to bacterial multiplication decreased as temperature increased, and it was shorter when flowers were pollinated versus non-pollinated. These interactions were confirmed with mature apple trees (Malus x domestica Borkh.'Gala') surrounded by plastic enclosures with heating and cooling to maintain different temperature ranges. In trials in 2000 and 2001, temperatures during bloom averaged 13.4degrees and 14.1degrees C at the low range and 21.5degrees and 21.9degreesC at the high range, respectively. The longest period stigmas retained the capacity to support bacterial growth when inoculated was about 14 days, occurring with non-pollinated flowers at low temperatures. The shortest period was 3 or 4 days, occurring with pollinated flowers at high temperatures. Results were similar with different bacteria. However, strain A506 failed to multiply at late stages of stigma senescence, which did allow growth of the pathogen and strain E325. On crab apple flowers, antagonist strains differed in their capacity to reduce pathogen populations and these differences were consistent during the period when stigmas were conducive to pathogen growth. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Pusey, PL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-806-4 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 590 BP 247 EP 251 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BV90K UT WOS:000180353100035 ER PT S AU Forsline, PL Aldwinckle, HS AF Forsline, PL Aldwinckle, HS BE Hale, C Mitchell, R TI Natural occurrence of fire blight in USDA apple germplasm collection after 10 years of observation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IXTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FIRE BLIGHT SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Fire Blight CY OCT 08-12, 2001 CL NAPIER, NEW ZEALAND SP New Zealand Soc Hort Sci, Hort & Food Res Inst New Zealand Ltd, Int Soc Hort Sci Working Grp Fire Blight DE Erwinia amylovora; Malus; cryopreservation; Kazakhstan; Apogee; MARYBLYT ID CENTRAL-ASIA; RESISTANCE AB The USDA, ARS Plant Genetic Resources Unit (PGRU) apple collection consists of 2351 clonally-propagated accessions planted in orchard sites with duplicates of each accession grafted on domestic apple seedling and on EMLA 9 rootstocks. All of the available control methods for fire blight have been used diligently to keep the orchards as healthy as possible, but given the diversity of the collection, this has not always been possible. For example, in managing blossom blight, there is often a 5-6 week interval from early to late blooming cultivars. In addition, shoot blight is very prevalent in susceptible accessions grown on vigorous seedling rootstock. We recorded natural incidence of shoot blight on the entire collection from 1990 to 2000. These records are in the USDA/ARS GRIN database system with the fire blight descriptor: (http://www.ars-grin.gov/gen/apple.htmi). Each accession is given a rating of 1-5 (1: no occurrence of infection, to 5: consistent heavy infection annually). Records are listed for 2351 accessions with 46% rated as 5 and 25% rated as 1. In addition to the clonal accessions, 1151 seedlings of Malus sieversii collected from eight ecosystems in Kazakhstan were rated over a 4-yr period: 25% had shoot blight (rating of 2-5) and 5% of trees died of fire blight. Fire blight incidence in the eight Kazakhstan populations ranged from 0%-43%. Although a rating of 1 for shoot blight from natural infection does not prove that an accession is resistant, it is a good indicator for further studies. Because streptomycin has been used regularly at bloom, blossom blight incidence is a less reliable indicator of resistance. Nevertheless, in 2000 a severe blossom blight infection occurred when a streptomycin application was missed. For 708 accessions that had heavy bloom and were rated on a different scale from 1-5 (1: no infection, to 5: very heavy infection) 45% were rated 4-5 and 37% were rated 1-2. Cryogenic storage of dormant apple buds now serves as a back-up to 85% of the orchard collection, avoiding complete loss of accessions due to fire blight. Survival of the orchard collection has also been improved with phased re-propagation on fire blight-resistant EMLA 7 rootstock. C1 Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, USDA, ARS,Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Forsline, PL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, New York State Agr Expt Stn, USDA, ARS,Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-806-4 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 590 BP 351 EP 357 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BV90K UT WOS:000180353100051 ER PT S AU Norelli, JL Aldwinckle, HS Holleran, HT Robinson, TL Johnson, WC AF Norelli, JL Aldwinckle, HS Holleran, HT Robinson, TL Johnson, WC BE Hale, C Mitchell, R TI Resistance of 'Geneva' apple rootstocks to Erwinia amylovora when grown as potted plants and orchard trees SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IXTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON FIRE BLIGHT SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Fire Blight CY OCT 08-12, 2001 CL NAPIER, NEW ZEALAND SP New Zealand Soc Hort Sci, Hort & Food Res Inst New Zealand Ltd, Int Soc Hort Sci Working Grp Fire Blight DE Malus X domestica; fire blight; disease resistance; disease susceptibility ID CULTIVARS AB The objective of the USDA / Cornell apple rootstock breeding project is to develop pomologically excellent rootstocks with resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Progeny of controlled crosses were selected for fire blight resistance following direct inoculation of seedling shoots with Erwinia. amylovora. Recently 3 rootstocks, 'Geneva (G.) 11', 'G.30', and 'G.16' were released for commercial sales and several other selections are in the final stages of evaluation. To compare their resistance with that of other apple rootstocks, liners of 48 different rootstocks were grown in the greenhouse, inoculated with differentially virulent strain E4001a and other highly aggressive E. amylovora strains, and the percent of the current season's shoot length blighted (SLB) calculated. The rootstocks most susceptible to direct inoculation were 'Budagovsky (Bud.) 9' (88% SLB), 'Ottawa 3' (87%), 'M.9' (86%), 'M.26' (80%), and 'Supporter 4' (69%), while 'M.7' (28%), 'G.30' (22%), 'G.16' (18%), 'G.11' (7%), and 13 other Geneva selections (CG.) (8-30%) were the most resistant. To evaluate the resistance of the rootstocks under orchard conditions, 3-yr-old Royal Gala trees on 18 Geneva rootstocks and 6 check rootstocks were spray-inoculated with strain E4001a twice during bloom in May 1999. All trees developed severe infections in the scion. Presence of ooze on rootstocks was first observed on 16 June 1999. Greatest incidence of tree death by 15 Oct 1999 occurred on 'M.26' (92% and 60% on two clones), and 'M.9' (83%). No trees on 'MM.111', 'Marubakaido', or 'Bud.9' died. Of the commercialized 'Geneva' rootstocks, 'G.16' and 'G.30' had no tree death, and 'G.11' had 25%. Nine other advanced rootstock selections from Geneva had no tree death. In 2000, a natural blossom blight epidemic occurred in a duplicate planting of the 'Geneva' rootstocks at another location. The resistance observed agreed closely with that previously observed in the inoculated block. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Norelli, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-806-4 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 590 BP 359 EP 362 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BV90K UT WOS:000180353100052 ER PT S AU Dey, DC Jensen, RG AF Dey, DC Jensen, RG BE Shifley, SR Kabrick, JM TI Stump sprouting potential of oaks in Missouri Ozark forests managed by even- and uneven-aged silviculture SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND MISSOURI OZARK FOREST ECOSYSTEM PROJECT SYMPOSIUM: POST-TREATMENT RESULTS OF THE LANDSCAPE EXPERIMENT SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project Symposium CY OCT 17-18, 2000 CL St Louis, MO SP Missouri Dept Conservat, USDA Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn ID RED OAK; REGENERATION; OVERSTORY; GROWTH AB We evaluated the stump sprouting potential of white oak, black oak, and scarlet oak in relation to tree age, stem diameter, and overstory density in Ozark forests managed by even-aged and uneven-aged silvicultural systems. In eastern North America, few studies have evaluated the influence of a forest canopy on the potential of hardwood stumps to sprout and contribute to regeneration. The Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project (MOFEP) gave us an opportunity to study oak stump sprouting in relation to tree characteristics and residual overstory density resulting from various regeneration methods. One growing season after the clearcut, single-tree, and group selection harvests implemented on MOFEP sites in 1996, we measured sprout growth on 701 stumps of white oak (Quercus alba L.), scarlet oak (Q. coccinea Muenchh.), and black oak (Q. velutina Lam.). Stumps were selected from plots (primarily on Ecological Landtypes 17 and 18) within uneven- and even-aged compartments. Stumps averaged 9.3 in. (23.6 cm) in diameter (range 1.7 to 33.3 in. [4.3 to 84.5 cm]) and 61 years in age (range 38 to 169 years). By the end of the first growing season after harvest, 78 percent of the oak stumps had produced a live sprout. Stump sprout frequency was high for small diameter and young trees, regardless of species. However, sprouting probability declined more rapidly with increasing stump diameter or age for white oak than it did for scarlet oak and black oak. Scarlet oak and black oak produced more sprouts (mean = 12) per stump than white oak (mean = 8). Overstory density (e.g., clearcut vs. single-tree gaps) had no detectable effect on oak stump sprouting probability or on the number of sprouts per stump. However, increasing overstory density reduced the height of the tallest stem in each stump sprout clump. The tallest stem within a sprout clump averaged 2.8 ft (0.85 m) in the single-tree selection treatment compared to 4.0 ft (1.2 m) in the clearcut treatment. Sprouting potential, height of the dominant sprout, and sprout clump density decreased with increasing stump diameter and. tree age for all species regardless of overstory density. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Dey, DC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Cent Res Stn, 202 ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM ddey@fs.fed.us; jenser@mail.conservation.state.mo.us NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. North Cent. PY 2002 VL 227 BP 102 EP 113 PG 12 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BAH31 UT WOS:000222211500006 ER PT S AU Ehlenfeldt, MK AF Ehlenfeldt, MK BE Hepp, RF TI Postharvest research and technology in Vaccinium SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VACCINIUM CULTURE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY DEC 04-09, 2000 CL TERMAS DE CHILLAN, CHILE SP Vital Berry Mkt ID BLUEBERRIES; QUALITY; ATMOSPHERES AB The long-term goals of post-harvest research for Vaccinium are to improve product availability, to maintain product quality, and to improve economics for producers. Progress is being made on many fronts on factors which will improve postharvest quality. This review will examine: 1) cultural practices related to optimizing fruit quality, 2) handling procedures which benefit product quality, 3) storage methodologies (and their modifications), 4) cultivar differences, and 5) chemical treatments and upcoming technologies which may have impacts on storage. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Rutgers Blueberry & Cranberry Res Ctr, Beltsville USDA ARS, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RP Ehlenfeldt, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Rutgers Blueberry & Cranberry Res Ctr, Beltsville USDA ARS, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-855-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 574 BP 31 EP 38 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BU77R UT WOS:000176993200002 ER PT S AU Sampson, BJ Spiers, JM AF Sampson, BJ Spiers, JM BE Hepp, RF TI Evaluating bumblebees as pollinators of 'misty' southern highbush blueberry growing inside plastic tunnels SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VACCINIUM CULTURE SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY DEC 04-09, 2000 CL TERMAS DE CHILLAN, CHILE SP Vital Berry Mkt DE Vaccinium corymbosum hybrids; Bombus impatiens; pollination; fruit set; plasticulture ID POLLEN SOURCE; RABBITEYE BLUEBERRY; SHARPBLUE BLUEBERRY; FRUIT SIZE; HYMENOPTERA; CULTIVARS; APIDAE; GA(3) AB Commercial bumblebees pollinating elite hybrid varieties of southern highbush blueberries growing inside plastic tunnels can help increase the market value for blueberry fruit. A bumblebee colony, rotated to a new tunnel every 2-3 days, cross-pollinated two compatible varieties of southern highbush blueberries planted in the approximate ratio of 13 'Misty': 1 'Sharpblue'. Colony rotation between tunnels provided more bloom to the bees and eliminated buying a bumblebee colony for each tunnel. Plastic tunnels protected the bumblebees, flowers and developing fruit from freezing during the late winter in southern Mississippi. Bumblebees improved 'Misty' fruit production and quality in tunnels, as their visits to flowers substantially enhanced fruit set, ripening, berry size and seed set. Unpollinated 'Misty' flowers produced some parthenocarpic fruit. A more efficient cooling system for tunnels, changes in frost protection systems and/or placing colonies outdoors on warmer days will be needed to sustain uninterrupted pollen foraging and pollination by worker bumblebees. Other native bee pollinators such as the megachilid bee, Osmia ribifloris, may soon be available for pollinating blueberries inside tunnels. C1 USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Sampson, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM jspiers@ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-855-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 574 BP 53 EP 61 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BU77R UT WOS:000176993200005 ER PT S AU Ehlenfeldt, MK Stretch, AW AF Ehlenfeldt, MK Stretch, AW BE Hepp, RF TI Identifying sources of resistance to mummy berry and anthracnose in highbush, rabbiteye, and species germplasm SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VACCINIUM CULTURE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY DEC 04-09, 2000 CL TERMAS DE CHILLAN, CHILE SP Vital Berry Mkt DE V. darrowi; V. ellottii; V. boreale; V. tenellum; V. corymbosum; V. pallidum; V. myrtilloides ID MONILINIA-VACCINII-CORYMBOSI; BLUEBERRY; INFECTION AB A primary objective of the USDA breeding program has been identifying sources of disease resistance to fungal diseases. A comprehensive collection of highbush blueberry cultivars has been assembled and screened for resistance to mummy berry blight, mummy berry fruit-rot, and anthracnose fruit-rot. Utilizing common standards, results from multiple mummy berry blight screenings have been interpolated to allow a ranking of highbush cultivars. A large collection of rabbiteye cultivars has been similarly screened, and although differences in resistance were found, no exceptional blight resistance, similar to highbush, was identified. Mummy berry fruit rot resistance screening has been completed on 68 cultivars. Species screenings have identified excellent sources of resistance to the two phases of mummy berry with V. boreale and V. myrtilloides notable for excellent resistance to both phases. High density nurseries are being utilized for routine screening for mummy berry resistance among breeding program progenies. Anthracnose screening has screened 87 highbush cultivars and has shown variable resistance with 'Elliott' being the most resistant. Effectiveness of field screening for anthracnose resistance is currently being evaluated. Screening results are being used to build a database incorporating disease resistance, firmness, antioxidant levels, flowering time, ripening time, etc. C1 USDA ARS, Rutgers Blueberry & Cranberry Res Ctr, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RP Ehlenfeldt, MK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rutgers Blueberry & Cranberry Res Ctr, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-855-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 574 BP 63 EP 69 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BU77R UT WOS:000176993200006 ER PT S AU Smith, BJ AF Smith, BJ BE Hepp, RF TI Susceptibility of southern highbush blueberry cultivars to phytophthora root rot SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VACCINIUM CULTURE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY DEC 04-09, 2000 CL TERMAS DE CHILLAN, CHILE SP Vital Berry Mkt DE Phytophthora cinnamomi; Vaccinium corymbosum; rabbiteye blueberry; V. ashei AB Phytophthora root rot is a serious disease of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) which is more susceptible than rabbiteye blueberry (V. ashei Reade). As acreage of southern highbush cultivars (hybrids between highbush and blueberry species native to the southeastern United States) increases so does the potential importance of this disease in southern blueberry fields. This study was initiated to compare the susceptibility of seven southern highbush cultivars and two rabbiteye cultivars to P. cinnamomi and to evaluate the effect of bed height and fungicide treatments on disease severity. After two years growth in Phytophthora infested sandy-loam soil, root rot symptoms were evident on plants throughout the field, but there were no differences in disease severity or plant vigor due to bed height or fungicide treatment. There were differences among cultivars. The rabbiteye cultivars, Tifblue and Premier, were more vigorous than the southern highbush cultivars, Marimba, Pearl River, Misty, Magnolia and Cooper. After five years, 100% of Premier, 90% of Gulfcoast and 76% of Tifblue plants were still alive and vigorous compared to less than 25% of Cooper, Magnolia, Marimba, Misty, Pearly River and Reveille. After five years growth in Phytophthora infested soil, 21% of plants drenched with metalaxyl twice a year for three years and 16% of plants grown on raised beds were very vigorous compared to 14% of plants grown in untreated soil and 9% of plants grown on flat beds. These results indicate that at least one southern highbush cultivar, Gulfcoast, has field resistance to Phytophthora root rot equivalent to the rabbiteye blueberry cultivars, Tifblue and Premier. C1 USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Smith, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-855-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 574 BP 75 EP 79 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BU77R UT WOS:000176993200008 ER PT S AU Spiers, JM Stringer, SJ Draper, AD Gupton, CL AF Spiers, JM Stringer, SJ Draper, AD Gupton, CL BE Hepp, RF TI 'Biloxi' southern highbush blueberry SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VACCINIUM CULTURE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY DEC 04-09, 2000 CL TERMAS DE CHILLAN, CHILE SP Vital Berry Mkt DE Vaccinium corymbosum; Vaccinium darrowi; Vaccinium atrococcum; Vaccinium ashei; southern highbush blueberries; fruit breeding AB 'Biloxi' tetraploid southern highbush blueberry is a new cultivar developed and released by the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture breeding programs in Beltsville, MD, and Poplarville MS. Plants of "Biloxi' are upright, vigorous and productive. The fruit ripens early, has medium size, with good color, firmness, stem scar, and flavor. Although 'Biloxi' is predominantly a tetraploid southern highbush in parentage, adaptation to the southern US environment was obtained from two diploid and one hexaploid Vaccinium species. This relatively low-chill cultivar was released in 1998 for production in the coastal plains of the Southeastern United States, and should be planted with other southern highbush cultivars to facilitate pollination. 'Biloxi' blooms early, about the same time as "Climax" rabbiteye blueberry, but fruit ripening precedes the earliest ripening rabbiteye cultivars by about 14 to 21 days. Thus, while providing Southern blueberry growers with a cultivar to aid in exploiting early-fruit markets, 'Biloxi' may require protection from spring frosts. C1 USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Spiers, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-855-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 574 BP 153 EP 155 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BU77R UT WOS:000176993200021 ER PT S AU Noffsinger, SL Stringer, SJ Spiers, JM AF Noffsinger, SL Stringer, SJ Spiers, JM BE Hepp, RF TI Growth and spread of blueberry cultivars in a 14 year-old collection SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VACCINIUM CULTURE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY DEC 04-09, 2000 CL TERMAS DE CHILLAN, CHILE SP Vital Berry Mkt DE Vaccinium ashei Reade; Vaccinium spp.; growth habit AB Blueberry cultivars with reduced plant height and non-spreading, upright growth habit would be useful for reducing pruning requirements and improving ease of hand and machine harvest. Twenty-one rabbiteye cultivars and six southern highbush cultivars; and selections were planted on March 6, 1985 in southern Mississippi, and were not pruned for fourteen years. Data was collected for plant height, bush spread within the row, and bush spread perpendicular to the row in July 1999. Cultivars were also visually rated for upright vs. prostrate growth habit. Most cultivars attained heights greater than 225 cm, which is a less than ideal stature for hand and machine harvesting. MS75, MS81, 'Sharpblue', 'Climax', 'Flordablue', and 'Premier', maintained row and perpendicular bush widths which were better for machine harvesting and reducing pruning requirements. 'Avonblue', 'Beckyblue', 'Delite', 'Flordablue', 'Sharpblue', and 'Tifblue' had the most upright growth habit. Implications for management and breeding are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Small Fruits Res Unit, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Noffsinger, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Fruits Res Unit, 306 S High St, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-855-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 574 BP 165 EP 169 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BU77R UT WOS:000176993200024 ER PT S AU Finn, C Young, A AF Finn, C Young, A BE Hepp, RF TI Variability for reproductive and vegetative traits in Vaccinium membranaceum SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VACCINIUM CULTURE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY DEC 04-09, 2000 CL TERMAS DE CHILLAN, CHILE SP Vital Berry Mkt DE huckleberry; germplasm AB Vaccinium membranaceum Douglas ex Torrey could be a valuable commercial crop if it could be domesticated, and a valuable genetic resource for highbush blueberry breeding. The broad objectives V. membranaceum project are: 1) to determine whether populations or individuals can be identified that perform well under a highbush blueberry management system in a typical production environment and 2) whether the unique fruit quality characteristics of this species can be incorporated into highbush blueberry. To address the first objective, 33 populations of V. membranaceum from Idaho, Washington and Oregon, were established in 1995, in Corvallis, Ore. in a randomized complete block design. Plants were evaluated for vegetative and reproductive traits, and for the incidence of rust (Pucciniasturm vaccinii [(G. Wint.) Jorst (syn. P. myrtilli Arth.)] and Phomopsis twig blight (Phomopsis vaccinii. Shear in Shear, N. Stevens, & H. Bain). Populations differed significantly for all traits except for fruit diameter in 2000, while year effects were significant. The incidence of the two diseases and date of first flower were the only traits that had a population by year interaction. This germplasm holds promise particularly for very early fruiting and for outstanding flavor. In order for this species to be commercialized as a crop it must be much more productive than was evident in this short term study. Twenty-six selections were made that are precocious, consistently fruitful, and produce good crops of medium to large berries on open, vigorous and disease free plants. These selections are being propagated for further evaluation and crosses between these and highbush blueberry have been unsuccessfully attempted. C1 USDA ARS, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Finn, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Ctr Small Fruit Res, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-855-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 574 BP 181 EP 187 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BU77R UT WOS:000176993200027 ER PT S AU Spiers, JM Braswell, JH Constantin, RJ AF Spiers, JM Braswell, JH Constantin, RJ BE Hepp, RF TI Effects of pruning on 'Climax' rabbiteye blueberry SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VACCINIUM CULTURE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY DEC 04-09, 2000 CL TERMAS DE CHILLAN, CHILE SP Vital Berry Mkt DE Vaccinium ashei Reade; rabbiteye blueberry; pruning AB 'Climax' rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) with excessive fruit set often exhibits delayed vegetative bud emergence. A four year study was initiated to determine if spring fruit removal or pruning would enhance vegetative bud initiation and growth and if these one- time treatments would influence plant growth and fruiting characteristics over an extended period of time. Five methods of fruit removal/pruning were applied once in the spring of 1997. Removal was accomplished by 1) Cane removal, about 25% of plant density removed by cutting older canes from the base of the plant; 2) 25% Topping (T25), mechanical removal of approximately 25% of the plant top; 3) 50% Topping (T50); 4) Fruit removal, about 25% of green fruit removed; and 5) Control. By June 26, 1997, shoot number per stem and total shoot length had increased linearly with increased plant top removal. Plants with canes or fruit removed did not leaf out sooner or have vegetative growth greater than unpruned plants. In 1997, T50 plants produced one half the fruit yield of the control plants, while T25 plants showed no difference from the control plants in fruit yield. Plant top removal (either 25 or 50%) in the spring of 1997 resulted in increased vegetative coverage in 1998 and 1999. This influence was less in 1999 than in 1998. In 1998 floral bud development was delayed approximately 4-6 days in plants with either 25 or 50% of tops removed as compared to control plants. In that year, fruit yields were highest (approx. 2X control) in plants topped at 50%. Plants with 25% of their tops removed did not differ from control plants.. Regardless of treatments and resulting yields, berry size did not significantly differ in any year. Removing approximately 50% of the plant top resulted highest fruit yields of all treatments the second and third year after pruning. In 1998, and 99, 'Climax' plants were pruned on 3 dates (Mid-Feb, Mid-Mar, and Mid-April; 0 and 25% flower/fruit removal) to simulate late-freeze damage. One year after treatment, bud development and vegetative cover ratings were taken. Fruit yields were taken the year pruning treatment were applied and each succeeding year. Data taken in 1998, 1999, and 2000 shows no significant patters of vegetative growth, floral bud development, or fruit yields due to treatments. Data indicate vegetative growth in 'Climax' rabbiteye blueberries can be accelerated by removing about 25% of the plant top without reducing fruit yield. C1 USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Sta, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Spiers, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Sta, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-855-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 574 BP 233 EP 237 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BU77R UT WOS:000176993200035 ER PT S AU Stringer, SJ Spiers, JM Braswell, J AF Stringer, SJ Spiers, JM Braswell, J BE Hepp, RF TI Effects of hydrogen cyanamide application rates and timing on fruit and foliage of 'Climax' rabbiteye blueberry SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VACCINIUM CULTURE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY DEC 04-09, 2000 CL TERMAS DE CHILLAN, CHILE SP Vital Berry Mkt DE Vaccinium ashei; 'Climax'; hydrogen cyanamide AB A field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of flower bud pruning or utilizing differing rates of hydrogen cyanamide, on development of vegetative and floral buds, as well as on leaf area, vegetative coverage, fruit damage and development, and yield. In this study, hydrogen cyanamide applications increased the total leaf area of leaves arising from terminal leaf buds and also the overall vegetative coverage. Results of this study suggested that in years in which chilling hours are sufficient to result in balanced floral and vegetative bud break and development, cultural practices for promoting the development of leaves of 'Climax' may be of little benefit for enhancing fruit production for that particular season. Results also suggested that applications made too late in the season, when as few as 10% of flower buds are in stage three of development, excessive flower bud injury and yield reductions may occur. However, the effects of these particular treatments on foliage and fruiting during the following season are yet to be determined. C1 USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Sta, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Stringer, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Fruit Res Sta, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-855-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 574 BP 245 EP 251 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BU77R UT WOS:000176993200037 ER PT S AU Black, BL Zimmerman, RH AF Black, BL Zimmerman, RH BE Hepp, RF TI Industrial and municipal by-products as substrates for highbush blueberry production SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VACCINIUM CULTURE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY DEC 04-09, 2000 CL TERMAS DE CHILLAN, CHILE SP Vital Berry Mkt DE coal ash; compost; upland soil; Vaccinium corymbosum AB We are testing readily available by-products as constituents in soil-free media and as soil amendments for growing highbush blueberry. These by-products include coal ash, composted sewage sludge and leaf compost. Combinations of ash and compost were compared to Berryland sand (alone) and Manor clay loam (alone and compost amended). The pH of all treatment media was adjusted to 4.5 with sulfur at the beginning of the experiment. In 1997, plants of 'Bluecrop' and 'Sierra', were planted in 15-L pots containing the pH-adjusted treatment media. The first substantial crop was harvested in 1999. At the end of the 1999 season, one half of the plants were destructively harvested to analyze stem and root growth. Treatment comparisons for the 1999 fruit harvest and destructive analyses are presented here. Total growth and yield of both cultivars was reduced on clay loam soil compared to Berryland sand, whereas growth and yield of plants in coal ash/compost mixtures exceeded that of plants in Berryland sand. C1 USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Black, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-855-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 574 BP 267 EP 272 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BU77R UT WOS:000176993200040 ER PT S AU Marshall, DA Spiers, JM Curry, KJ AF Marshall, DA Spiers, JM Curry, KJ BE Hepp, RF TI Incidence of splitting in 'Premier' and 'Tifblue' rabbiteye blueberries SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VACCINIUM CULTURE SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Vaccinium Culture CY DEC 04-09, 2000 CL TERMAS DE CHILLAN, CHILE SP Vital Berry Mkt DE Vaccinium; V. ashei Reade; rabbiteye blueberry; fruit quality; cracking ID WATER AB Berry splitting results in poor fruit quality and often varies among rabbiteye blueberry cultivars (Vaccinium ashei Reade) receiving a significant rainfall, even in plants which were irrigated. This splitting appears to vary between cultivars. To simulate an excessive rainfall, 'Tifblue' (known to be susceptible cracking after a rain), and 'Premier' (considered less susceptible) plants were subjected to varying soil moisture levels. In addition, harvested and unharvested fruit were soaked in water with varying salt concentrations. This study correlates the occurrence of splitting to fruit quality measurements such as soluble solid content, total solids, titratable acidity, pH, and force needed to split an intact berry. C1 USDA ARS, Small Fruits Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Marshall, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Small Fruits Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-855-2 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 574 BP 295 EP 303 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BU77R UT WOS:000176993200044 ER PT S AU Kinard, GR Jordan, R AF Kinard, GR Jordan, R BE Hammond, J TI Genome organization of pelargonium chlorotic ring pattern virus: Further implications for Tombusviridae taxonomy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VIRUS DISEASES OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Ornamental Plants CY MAY 27-JUN 01, 2000 CL ST JOHNS COLL, ANNAPOLIS, MD SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Int Working Grp Virus Dis Ornamental Plants HO ST JOHNS COLL DE geranium; isolate GR57; carmovirus; pelarspovirus ID COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; DEPENDENT RNA-POLYMERASE; MOSAIC-VIRUS; CARMOVIRUS; IDENTIFICATION; GENE; CDNA AB The geranium virus isolate "Gr57" was described as causing vein banding and leaf distortion of zonal geranium in Italy, and being serologically related to Pelargonium ringspot virus (PeIRSV). We have determined the nucleotide sequence of Gr57, and have shown that it is distinct from PeIRSV; the name Pelargonium chlorotic ring pattern virus (PCRPV) is proposed. The genome consists of at least 3904 nucleotides and the positive strand contains five open reading frames (ORFs) that may be expressed. The 51 proximal ORF encodes a 27k protein (p27) terminating with an amber codon that may be read through to produce an 87k protein (p87). Two small centrally located ORFs encode a 7k (p7) and a 9k (p9) protein respectively, while the 3' proximal ORF encodes the 37kDa coat protein (CP). The genomic organization of PCRPV, its probable translation strategy, and predicted amino acid sequences most closely resemble those of known carmoviruses, but there are several important distinctions. Double-stranded RNA analysis and hybridization assays reveal only one subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) in infected plants, while carmoviruses express two sgRNAs. The PCRPV sgRNA has the potential to encode the p7, p9, and coat proteins. The p7 and p9 have similarity to ORFs of carmo-, necro-, panico-, and machlomoviruses thought to be involved in virus spread. Whereas the carmovirus p7 and p9 homologs are expressed as overlapping, out-of-frame genes from the larger sgRNA (and the CP from a second smaller sgRNA), the arrangement and coding of the PCRPV p7 and p9 from PCRPV ORFs suggest that they are expressed as a p13 fusion protein as a result of a -1 frameshift mechanism. Comparisons to Pelargonium line pattern virus (PLPV), Elderberry latent virus (ELV), and PeIRSV, revealed amino acid identities ranging from about 45% (CP) to 56% (RdRp). These percentages are at least 10% higher identity levels than to genes of carnation mottle, turnip crinkle, and saguaro cactus carmoviruses. Thus, PCRPV appears to be distinct from, but to cluster with, PLPV, PeIRSV, and ELV, which also express a single subgenomic RNA species. The overall properties of these four viruses indicate that they are related, but distinct from each other, and differ sufficiently from previously described Tombusviridae members to be recognized as members of a new genus for which the name Pelarspovirus is proposed. C1 USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kinard, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, Bldg 010A,Room 238,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-795-5 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 568 BP 17 EP 27 PG 11 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BU33Z UT WOS:000175723900001 ER PT S AU Jordan, R Guaragna, MA AF Jordan, R Guaragna, MA BE Hammond, J TI Successful development of monoclonal antibodies to three carnation viruses, using an admixture of only partially purified virus preparations as immunogen, and their use in virus diagnosis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VIRUS DISEASES OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Ornamental Plants CY MAY 27-JUN 01, 2000 CL ST JOHNS COLL, ANNAPOLIS, MD SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Int Working Grp Virus Dis Ornamental Plants HO ST JOHNS COLL DE ELISA; carnation necrotic fleck closterovirus; carnation latent carlavirus ID PLANT AB One of the stated advantages of hybridoma-produced monoclonal antibodies (McAbs), when compared with conventionally produced polyclonal antibodies, is the ability to produce and select target-specific McAbs even when impure antigen or antigen mixtures are used as immunogens. This 'advantage' was tested in a project designed to generate McAbs to carnation necrotic fleck closterovirus (CNFV), carnation latent carlavirus (CLV) and/or carnation mottle carmovirus (CarMV) viruses. An admixture of partially purified extracts from singly- and doubly-infected carnation plants was used as immunogen and individually as ELISA screening antigens (along with similarly prepared extracts from healthy plants). Extracts contained 5-20 protein bands as determined by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Thirty-eight hybridoma clones were selected, 27 to CNFV, 6 to CLV and 5 to CarMV. Virus specificity was confirmed by ELISA and Western-blot analysis. Selected McAbs have been used routinely in ELISA and tissue-print immunoassays for the detection of these viruses in carnation. C1 USDA, US Natl Arboretum Arg Res, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jordan, R (reprint author), USDA, US Natl Arboretum Arg Res, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Bldg 010A Rm 238 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-795-5 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 568 BP 177 EP 183 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BU33Z UT WOS:000175723900026 ER PT S AU Jordan, R Guaragna, MA Kinard, G Lynn, S AF Jordan, R Guaragna, MA Kinard, G Lynn, S BE Hammond, J TI Detection and first report of Dasheen mosaic virus and a second potyvirus infecting the terrestrial orchid Spiranthes cernua SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VIRUS DISEASES OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS SE Acta Horticulturae LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Virus Diseases of Ornamental Plants CY MAY 27-JUN 01, 2000 CL ST JOHNS COLL, ANNAPOLIS, MD SP Int Soc Hort Sci, Int Working Grp Virus Dis Ornamental Plants HO ST JOHNS COLL DE orchid; potyvirus; PCR; monoclonal antibody ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SEQUENCE; TISSUE AB Spiranthes cernua is a terrestrial orchid that grows in moist areas in the southeastern U.S. Cultivated varieties are now also being used as flowering perennials. A commercial grower in West Virginia observed chlorotic blotching and/or mosaic symptoms on the leaves of Spiranthes cernua 'Chadds Ford' and sent asymptomatic and symptomatic plants to us for diagnosis. Particles of the size and shape consistent with potyviruses were observed in preparations from symptomatic leaf tissue and no other types of virions were readily observed. The symptomatic Spiranthes was analyzed by ELISA using our panel of potyvirus specific monoclonal antibodies (McAbs). The original symptomatic samples reacted with PTY 1, an antibody specific for a highly conserved site in the potyviral coat protein. Total nucleic acid extracts from infected Spiranthes were used as templates for reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with two different sets of potyvirus-specific primers which amplify highly conserved 335 bp and similar to700 bp fragments from the carboxy-terminus of the coat protein gene and 31 non-coding region of most potyviruses. The PCR fragments amplified from one of the Spiranthes plants were subsequently cloned and sequenced. Amino acid comparisons to the corresponding segments of other potyviruses revealed identity to Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV). Serological relatedness to DsMV was confirmed using DsMV-specific polyclonal antisera in both ELISA and tissue print assays. Some asymptomatic plants however were PTY 1 McAb positive and DsMV polyclonal Ab negative, suggesting the possible presence of an additional potyvirus in these samples. This is believed to be the first report of any virus infection in the genus Spiranthes and the first report of Dasheen mosaic virus infecting a member of the Orchidaceae. C1 USDA, US Natl Arboretum Agr Res Serv, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jordan, R (reprint author), USDA, US Natl Arboretum Agr Res Serv, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Bldg 010A Rm 238 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 90-6605-795-5 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2002 IS 568 BP 253 EP 260 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA BU33Z UT WOS:000175723900037 ER PT S AU McCollum, J AF McCollum, J BE McRobert, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC Moser, JW TI Standard errors in forest area SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/35th Midwest Mensurationists Meeting CY OCT 17-19, 2001 CL Traverse City, MI SP Forest Inventory Analy Program USDA Forest Serv, Midwest Forest Mensurationists ID VARIANCE AB I trace the development of standard error equations for forest area, beginning with the theory behind double sampling and the variance of a product. The discussion shifts to the particular problem of forest area-at which time the theory becomes relevant. There are subtle difficulties in figuring out which variance of a product equation should be used. The equations developed may be extended to other areas of forest inventory. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. RP McCollum, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 4700 Old Kingston Pike, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2002 VL 230 BP 5 EP 10 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Mathematics GA BAR94 UT WOS:000223329400002 ER PT S AU Melson, S Azuma, D Fried, JS AF Melson, S Azuma, D Fried, JS BE McRobert, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC Moser, JW TI A first look at measurement error on FIA plots using blind plots in the Pacific Northwest SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/35th Midwest Mensurationists Meeting CY OCT 17-19, 2001 CL Traverse City, MI SP Forest Inventory Analy Program USDA Forest Serv, Midwest Forest Mensurationists AB Measurement error in the Forest Inventory and Analysis work of the Pacific Northwest Station was estimated with a recently implemented blind plot measurement protocol. A small subset of plots was revisited by a crew having limited knowledge of the first crew's measurements. This preliminary analysis of the first 18 months' blind plot data indicates that ranges of variation can be quite large. When blind plot results were summarized to facilitate comparisons with established tolerance standards, we found that diameters at breast height for trees > 20 inches d.b.h., heights for trees < 60 feet tall, and counts of down wood pieces did not meet standards in over 10 percent of cases. However, azimuths for condition class boundaries, diameters for trees less than or equal to 20 inches d.b.h., heights for trees greater than or equal to 60 feet tall, and understory vegetation cover estimates by life form were within tolerance limits at least 90 percent of the time. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Melson, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2002 VL 230 BP 11 EP 20 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Mathematics GA BAR94 UT WOS:000223329400003 ER PT S AU Roesch, FA Steinman, JR Thompson, MT AF Roesch, FA Steinman, JR Thompson, MT BE McRobert, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC Moser, JW TI Annual forest inventory estimates based on the moving average SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/35th Midwest Mensurationists Meeting CY OCT 17-19, 2001 CL Traverse City, MI SP Forest Inventory Analy Program USDA Forest Serv, Midwest Forest Mensurationists AB Three interpretations of the simple moving average estimator, as applied to the USDA Forest Service's annual forest inventory design, are presented. A corresponding approach to composite estimation over arbitrarily defined land areas and time intervals is given for each interpretation, under the assumption that the investigator is armed with only the spatial/temporal matrix of moving average estimates. The advantages and practical limitations of each interpretation are discussed. C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. RP Roesch, FA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 160A Zillicoa St,POB 2750, Asheville, NC 28802 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2002 VL 230 BP 21 EP 30 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Mathematics GA BAR94 UT WOS:000223329400004 ER PT S AU Lessard, VC Hansen, MH Nelson, MD AF Lessard, VC Hansen, MH Nelson, MD BE McRobert, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC Moser, JW TI Comparing Minnesota land cover/use area estimates using NRI and FIA data SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/35th Midwest Mensurationists Meeting CY OCT 17-19, 2001 CL Traverse City, MI SP Forest Inventory Analy Program USDA Forest Serv, Midwest Forest Mensurationists ID ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY; RESOURCES; PROGRAM AB Areas for land cover/use categories on non-Federal land in Minnesota were estimated from Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data and National Resources Inventory (NRI) data. Six common land cover/use categories were defined, and the NRI and FIA land cover/use categories were assigned to them. Area estimates for these categories were calculated from the FIA and NRI data and compared. Differences were found between FIA and NRI area estimates for all land cover/use categories. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Lessard, VC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2002 VL 230 BP 36 EP 43 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Mathematics GA BAR94 UT WOS:000223329400006 ER PT S AU Hoppus, ML Lister, AJ AF Hoppus, ML Lister, AJ BE McRobert, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC Moser, JW TI A statistically valid method for using FIA plots to guide spectral class rejection in producing stratification maps SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/35th Midwest Mensurationists Meeting CY OCT 17-19, 2001 CL Traverse City, MI SP Forest Inventory Analy Program USDA Forest Serv, Midwest Forest Mensurationists ID FOREST INVENTORY AB A Landsat TM classification method (iterative guided spectral class rejection) produced a forest cover map of southern West Virginia that provided the stratification layer for producing estimates of timberland area from Forest Service FIA ground plots using a stratified sampling technique. These same high quality and expensive FIA ground plots provided ground reference data for the classification method. Dividing the counties in the southern portion of the state into two groups, and using the FIA plots in each county group to make the strata for the other, avoids the potential bias incurred by having the plots stratify themselves. This procedure achieved the required precision of 3 percent sampling error per million acres of timberland. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Hoppus, ML (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2002 VL 230 BP 44 EP 49 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Mathematics GA BAR94 UT WOS:000223329400007 ER PT S AU Czaplewski, RL AF Czaplewski, RL BE McRobert, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC Moser, JW TI A 30-meter spatial database for the nation's forests SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/35th Midwest Mensurationists Meeting CY OCT 17-19, 2001 CL Traverse City, MI SP Forest Inventory Analy Program USDA Forest Serv, Midwest Forest Mensurationists AB The FIA vision for remote sensing originated in 1992 with the Blue Ribbon Panel on FIA, and it has since evolved into an ambitious performance target for 2003. FIA is joining a consortium of Federal agencies to map the Nation's land cover. FIA field data will help produce a seamless, standardized, national geospatial database for forests at the scale of 30-m Landsat pixels. This database includes classifications of forest types, estimates of percent tree cover, and other land attributes that can be used in geospatial models for large-area assessments. Mapping of more detailed forest conditions is feasible. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Czaplewski, RL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg A, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2002 VL 230 BP 56 EP 62 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Mathematics GA BAR94 UT WOS:000223329400009 ER PT S AU Dunham, P Weyermann, D Azuma, D AF Dunham, P Weyermann, D Azuma, D BE McRobert, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC Moser, JW TI A comparison of stratification effectiveness between the national land cover data set and photointerpretation in western Oregon SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/35th Midwest Mensurationists Meeting CY OCT 17-19, 2001 CL Traverse City, MI SP Forest Inventory Analy Program USDA Forest Serv, Midwest Forest Mensurationists AB Stratifications developed from National Land Cover Data (NLCD) and from photo interpretation (PI) were tested for effectiveness in reducing sampling error associated with estimates of timberland area and volume from FIA plots in western Oregon. Strata were created from NLCD through the aggregation of cover classes and the creation of 'edge' strata by reclassifying pixels at class boundaries. Strata were created from aerial photography by interpretation of a sample grid for land use and cover attributes. NLCD-based stratifications are less costly than PI and sacrifice little precision on inventory estimates. Neither PI nor NLCD stratifications achieved the FIA target of 10 percent sampling error/billion cubic feet of volume, but both are near the national standard of 3 percent sampling error/million acres of timberland. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Dunham, P (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2002 VL 230 BP 63 EP 68 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Mathematics GA BAR94 UT WOS:000223329400010 ER PT S AU Kaartinen, AT Fried, JS Dunham, PA AF Kaartinen, AT Fried, JS Dunham, PA BE McRobert, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC Moser, JW TI Efficiency and precision for estimating timber and non-timber attributes using landsat-based stratification methods in two-phase sampling in northwest California SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/35th Midwest Mensurationists Meeting CY OCT 17-19, 2001 CL Traverse City, MI SP Forest Inventory Analy Program USDA Forest Serv, Midwest Forest Mensurationists AB Three Landsat TM-based GIS layers were evaluated as alternatives to conventional, photointerpretation-based stratification of FIA field plots. Estimates for timberland area, timber volume, and volume of down wood were calculated for California's North Coast Survey Unit of 2.5 million hectares. The estimates were compared on the basis of standard errors, conformance to FIA accuracy standards, and gain in precision achieved by stratification relative to simple random sampling and to conventional photointerpretation. Some satellite imagery-based approaches were found to be far less costly than the conventional method, with very little sacrifice in precision. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Kaartinen, AT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2002 VL 230 BP 69 EP 79 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Mathematics GA BAR94 UT WOS:000223329400011 ER PT S AU McRoberts, RE Nelson, MD Wendt, DG AF McRoberts, RE Nelson, MD Wendt, DG BE McRobert, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC Moser, JW TI Stratified estimates of forest area using the k-nearest neighbors technique and satellite imagery SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/35th Midwest Mensurationists Meeting CY OCT 17-19, 2001 CL Traverse City, MI SP Forest Inventory Analy Program USDA Forest Serv, Midwest Forest Mensurationists AB For two study areas in Minnesota, stratified estimation using Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite imagery as the basis for stratification was used to estimate forest area. Measurements of forest inventory plots obtained for a 12-month period in 1998 and 1999 were used as the source of data for within-strata estimates. These measurements further served as calibration data for a k-Nearest Neighbors technique that was used to predict forest land proportion for image pixels. The continuum of forest land proportion predictions were separated into strata to facilitate stratified estimation. The variances of the stratified forest area estimates were smaller than variances based on simple random estimates by factors as great as 5, and when including all plots over a 5-year plot measurement cycle, the forest area precision estimates may be expected to satisfy national standards. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP McRoberts, RE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2002 VL 230 BP 80 EP 86 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Mathematics GA BAR94 UT WOS:000223329400012 ER PT S AU Chojnacky, DC AF Chojnacky, DC BE McRobert, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC Moser, JW TI Allometric scaling theory applied to FIA biomass estimation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/35th Midwest Mensurationists Meeting CY OCT 17-19, 2001 CL Traverse City, MI SP Forest Inventory Analy Program USDA Forest Serv, Midwest Forest Mensurationists ID VASCULAR PLANTS; GENERAL-MODEL; TREES; LIFE AB Tree biomass estimates in the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) database are derived from numerous methodologies whose abundance and complexity raise questions about consistent results throughout the U.S. A new model based on allometric scaling theory ("WBE") offers simplified methodology and a theoretically sound basis for improving the reliability and usefulness of biomass estimation for all tree species. Although a complete test of the WBE theory is beyond the scope of this paper, implications of the theory are explored from results of another study consistent with WBE theory Two interesting results were found: (1) a simplified approach using 10 generalized equations is within 10 to 40 percent of FIA county-scale biomass estimates, and (2) of the two methods, FIA's methodology appears more inconsistent from State to State. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Enterprise Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP US Forest Serv, USDA, Enterprise Unit, 1115-VMPR,1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM dchojnacky@fs.fed.us NR 18 TC 7 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. North Cent. PY 2002 VL 230 BP 96 EP 102 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Mathematics GA BAR94 UT WOS:000223329400014 ER PT S AU Gartner, D Reams, G AF Gartner, D Reams, G BE McRobert, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC Moser, JW TI A comparison of several techniques for imputing tree level data SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/35th Midwest Mensurationists Meeting CY OCT 17-19, 2001 CL Traverse City, MI SP Forest Inventory Analy Program USDA Forest Serv, Midwest Forest Mensurationists ID ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY; MULTIPLE IMPUTATION AB As Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) changes from periodic surveys to the multipanel annual survey, new analytical methods become available. The current official statistic is the moving average. One alternative is an updated moving average. Several methods of updating plot per acre volume have been discussed previously However, these methods may not be appropriate for updating more detailed data such as diameter distribution and species composition tables. Several methods for updating these more detailed data will be compared. Methods to be compared include imputing whole tree lists from donor plots and imputing all the individual trees for each plot. The data from the last periodic survey of Georgia and Georgia's first panel will be used to compare the different imputation methods. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. RP Gartner, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 4700 Old Kingston Pike, Knoxville, TN 37919 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2002 VL 230 BP 103 EP 108 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Mathematics GA BAR94 UT WOS:000223329400015 ER PT S AU Hansen, M AF Hansen, M BE McRobert, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC Moser, JW TI Volume and biomass estimation in fia: National consistency vs. regional accuracy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/35th Midwest Mensurationists Meeting CY OCT 17-19, 2001 CL Traverse City, MI SP Forest Inventory Analy Program USDA Forest Serv, Midwest Forest Mensurationists AB Volume and biomass estimates are among the most widely used data produced by the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the USDA Forest Service. This paper documents the various methods used by FIA in the Eastern U.S. and compares those methods for 67 species that cross regional boundaries. Four different methods currently being used by FIA to estimate the gross cubic foot volume, gross board foot volume (International 1/4-inch scale), and total gross biomass are examined. Overall, these four methods produce similar results, but large differences exist for specific species and diameters. I recommend that FIA develop a nationally consistent method for estimating volume and biomass, Users of FIA data are cautioned against making regional comparisons of volume or biomass information for small diameter trees. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Hansen, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2002 VL 230 BP 109 EP 120 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Mathematics GA BAR94 UT WOS:000223329400016 ER PT S AU Bragg, DC AF Bragg, DC BE McRobert, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC Moser, JW TI The efficacy of using inventory data to develop optimal diameter increment models SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/35th Midwest Mensurationists Meeting CY OCT 17-19, 2001 CL Traverse City, MI SP Forest Inventory Analy Program USDA Forest Serv, Midwest Forest Mensurationists ID GROWTH; REGRESSION; EQUATIONS; PINE AB Most optimal tree diameter growth models have arisen through either the conceptualization of physiological processes or the adaptation of empirical increment models. However, surprisingly little effort has been invested in the melding of these approaches even though it is possible to develop theoretically sound, computationally efficient optimal tree growth models using inventory data. The Potential Relative Increment (PRI) methodology is a good example of a flexible potential growth modeling system developed under these auspices. I present a series of suggestions for ecological consistency, variable and parameter assumptions, statistical properties, data quality, and model flexibility that should be considered when developing optimal increment models, exemplified with white oak Quercus alba L.) equations from the Midsouth region. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Bragg, DC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2002 VL 230 BP 121 EP 129 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Mathematics GA BAR94 UT WOS:000223329400017 ER PT S AU McRoberts, RE Wendt, DG AF McRoberts, RE Wendt, DG BE McRobert, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC Moser, JW TI Implementing a land cover stratification on-the-fly SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/35th Midwest Mensurationists Meeting CY OCT 17-19, 2001 CL Traverse City, MI SP Forest Inventory Analy Program USDA Forest Serv, Midwest Forest Mensurationists AB Stratified estimation is used by the Forest Inventory and Analysis program of the USDA Forest Service to increase the precision of county-level inventory estimates. Stratified estimation requires that plots be assigned to strata and that proportions of land area in each strata be determined. Classified satellite imagery has been found to be an efficient and effective means of accomplishing both tasks. This study investigated methods for making the county stratifications available for use with user-defined areas without storing the entire pixel-level stratification and processing it separately for each application. Summaries of stratifications at spatial scales of 6,000 acres and less produced stratified estimates at county level and for user-defined areas ranging in size from approximately 300 square miles to approximately 8,000 square miles that were very similar to stratified estimates obtained using the underlying pixel-level stratifications. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP McRoberts, RE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2002 VL 230 BP 137 EP 145 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Mathematics GA BAR94 UT WOS:000223329400019 ER PT S AU Riemann, R Lister, A Hoppus, M Lister, T AF Riemann, R Lister, A Hoppus, M Lister, T BE McRobert, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC Moser, JW TI Fragmentation statistics for FIA: Designing an approach SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/35th Midwest Mensurationists Meeting CY OCT 17-19, 2001 CL Traverse City, MI SP Forest Inventory Analy Program USDA Forest Serv, Midwest Forest Mensurationists ID LAND-COVER; FOREST FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPE; PATTERNS; SUCCESS; STATES; TIMBER; BIRDS AB The USDA Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program collects data on the amount of forest, as well as on characteristics such as forest type, tree volume, species composition, and size and age classes. However, little data are obtained nationwide on forest fragmentation-how that forest is distributed and in what land use/land cover context-factors that can substantially affect forest composition and health, wildlife, water quality, and forest management. In this paper we examine which fragmentation and context metrics should be linked with FIA plot data and monitored over time, and we identify possible sources of land use/land cover data from which to calculate this information. Emphasis is placed on those metrics that have been observed to be indicators of change in forested ecosystems. Using a complete set of photointerpreted land use/cover data in Massachusetts as the "truth," we examine one possible source, the 1992 National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) for its "fragmentation accuracy" With accurate, relevant, and consistent fragmentation and context information, FIA will be able to better understand, interpret, and report on the state of the forest. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Riemann, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2002 VL 230 BP 146 EP 155 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Mathematics GA BAR94 UT WOS:000223329400020 ER PT S AU Lister, AJ Lister, TW Riemann, R Hoppus, M AF Lister, AJ Lister, TW Riemann, R Hoppus, M BE McRobert, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC Moser, JW TI Techniques and considerations for FIA forest fragmentation analysis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/35th Midwest Mensurationists Meeting CY OCT 17-19, 2001 CL Traverse City, MI SP Forest Inventory Analy Program USDA Forest Serv, Midwest Forest Mensurationists AB The Forest Inventory and Analysis unit of the Northeastern Research Station (NEFIA) is charged with inventorying and monitoring the Nation's forests. NEFIA has not gathered much information on forest fragmentation, but recent developments in computing and remote sensing technologies now make it possible to assess forest fragmentation on a regional basis. We describe several options for calculating landscape statistics and provide guidelines on their use. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Hoppus, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2002 VL 230 BP 156 EP 161 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Mathematics GA BAR94 UT WOS:000223329400021 ER PT S AU Woodall, C AF Woodall, C BE McRobert, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC Moser, JW TI Point pattern analysis of FIA data SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/35th Midwest Mensurationists Meeting CY OCT 17-19, 2001 CL Traverse City, MI SP Forest Inventory Analy Program USDA Forest Serv, Midwest Forest Mensurationists ID SPATIAL-PATTERNS; FOREST; STAND; COMPETITION; DYNAMICS; MODELS; TREES AB Point pattern analysis is a branch of spatial statistics that quantifies the spatial distribution of points in two-dimensional space. Point pattern analysis was conducted on stand stem-maps from FIA fixed-radius plots to explore point pattern analysis techniques and to determine the ability of pattern descriptions to describe stand attributes. Results indicate that the Ripley's K(t) statistic may be readily calculated for FIA plots, providing an assessment of spatial pattern. Correlation was found between Ripley's K(t) and stand disturbance history and forest type. However, spatial pattern assessment may be confounded by stands with few trees per acre. Basal area growth prediction using Ripley's K(t) as a predictor variable is seriously limited by past stand disturbances. Although point pattern analysis may be limited by plot buffer creation techniques and the relatively small size of sample plots, extensive FIA sampling across the forests of the United States allows unprecedented spatial analysis of North America's forests. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Woodall, C (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2002 VL 230 BP 162 EP 170 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Mathematics GA BAR94 UT WOS:000223329400022 ER PT S AU Iverson, L Prasad, A AF Iverson, L Prasad, A BE McRobert, RE Reams, GA VanDeusen, PC Moser, JW TI Using FIA data to assess current and potential future tree species importance values in the Eastern United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD ANNUAL FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS SYMPOSIUM SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Annual Forest Inventory and Analysis Symposium/35th Midwest Mensurationists Meeting CY OCT 17-19, 2001 CL Traverse City, MI SP Forest Inventory Analy Program USDA Forest Serv, Midwest Forest Mensurationists AB FIA data are extremely valuable for evaluating regional variation in forest distribution. We have processed and summarized FIA data to show four patterns across the Eastern United States: 1) the number and density of FIA forested plots by state, 2) current importance values and frequencies for several species within 20 x 20 km blocks, 3) tree diversity by block, and 4) the potential future suitable habitat and migration of several species under two climate change scenarios. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Delaware, OH USA. RP Prasad, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Delaware, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2002 VL 230 BP 171 EP 172 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Forestry; Remote Sensing; Mathematics GA BAR94 UT WOS:000223329400023 ER PT J AU Muslin, EH Clark, SE Henson, CA AF Muslin, EH Clark, SE Henson, CA TI The effect of proline insertions on the thermostability of a barley alpha-glucosidase SO PROTEIN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Hordeum vulgare; maltase; starch degradation ID PROTEIN THERMOSTABILITY; OLIGO-1,6-GLUCOSIDASE; PURIFICATION; GLUCOAMYLASE; SUBSTITUTION; MUTATIONS; RESIDUES; AMYLASE; ENZYME; SEEDS AB The thermal stability of alpha-glucosidase is important because the conversion of starch to fermentable sugars during industrial production of ethanol (e.g. brewing, fuel ethanol production) typically takes place at temperatures of 65-73degreesC. In this study we investigate the thermostability of alpha-glucosidases from four plant species, compare their deduced amino acid sequences, and test the effect of substituting a proline for the residue present in the wild-type enzyme on the thermostability of alpha-glucosidase. The alpha-glucosidase from barley (Hordeum vulgare) was significantly less thermostable than the other three alpha-glucosidases. A comparison of the published deduced amino acid sequences of these four alpha-glucosidases revealed conserved proline residues in the three most thermostable alpha-glucosidases that were not found in the barley enzyme. Site-directed mutagenesis was done on recombinant barley alpha-glucosidase to create proteins with prolines at these conserved positions. The thermostability (T-50) of one of these mutant enzymes, T340P, was 10degreesC higher than the non-mutated enzyme. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. ARS, Cereal Crops Res Unit, USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Henson, CA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0269-2139 J9 PROTEIN ENG JI Protein Eng. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1093/protein/15.1.29 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 526YE UT WOS:000174156800005 PM 11842235 ER PT J AU Smith, AD Levander, OA AF Smith, AD Levander, OA TI High-throughput 96-well microplate assays for determining specific activities of glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase SO PROTEIN SENSORS AND REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES, PT A, SELENOPROTEINS AND THIOREDOXIN SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PURIFICATION; LIVER C1 ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Smith, AD (reprint author), ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 6 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2002 VL 347 BP 113 EP 121 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BT92J UT WOS:000174462200010 PM 11898400 ER PT J AU Vaughn, KC AF Vaughn, KC TI Attachment of the parasitic weed dodder to the host SO PROTOPLASMA LA English DT Article DE Cuscuta pentagona; osmiophilic particle; parasitic weed; pectin; cell wall; immunocytochemistry ID OSMIOPHILIC PARTICLES; GROWTH; COLEOPTILES; WALLS AB The parasitic weed dodder (Cuscuta pentagona L.) invades a number of potential host species. but the mechanisms responsible for ensuring tight adhesion to the wide variety of host surfaces have yet to be identified. In this study, a battery of microscopy protocols is used to examine the host-parasite interface in an effort to deduce these mechanisms. As the dodder shoot approaches the host tissue, epidermal cells in the parasite shoot elongate and differentiate into secretory type trichomes. The trichome cell walls are malleable, allowing them to elongate towards the host and bend their walls to conform to the shape of the host cell surface, The presence of osmiophilic particles (probable cell-wall-loosening complexes) at far greater numbers than found in other species presages the expansion and malleable nature of the epidermal cells. In addition to the changes in cell shape, the dodder trichome cells secrete an electron-opaque cementing substance that covers the host-parasite interface. When probed with antibodies that recognize cell wall components, the cement reacted only with antibodies that recognize chiefly de-esterified pectins but not other common wall constituents. These data indicate that dodder utilizes both a cementing layer of pectin and a radically modified epidermal cell wall to secure the parasite to the perspective host. C1 USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Vaughn, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Weed Sci Res Unit, POB 350, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 27 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 16 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0033-183X J9 PROTOPLASMA JI Protoplasma PY 2002 VL 219 IS 3-4 BP 227 EP 237 DI 10.1007/s007090200024 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 560EQ UT WOS:000176070100012 PM 12099223 ER PT J AU Olson, CG Porter, DA AF Olson, CG Porter, DA TI Isotopic and geomorphic evidence for Holocene Climate, Southwestern Kansas SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT INQUA Holocene Commission Meeting CY MAR-APR -, 2000 CL SEVILLE, SPAIN ID SOUTH-CENTRAL KANSAS; NEBRASKA SAND HILLS; MIDDLE-HOLOCENE; HIGH-PLAINS; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; LANDSCAPE RESPONSE; STABLE CARBON; GREAT-PLAINS; DUNE; USA AB The Cimarron Bend of southwestern Kansas is characterized by loess, dunes, and sand sheets that reflect a complex eolian-alluvial history. Stratigraphic evidence indicates that at least two major dune and sand sheet reactivation episodes Occurred. These follow intervals of alluviation, stability. and soil development in the Holocene. Radiocarbon ages from paleosol horizons bracket these periods and their delta(13)C values Provide evidence of a shift from a cooler, wetter climate in the late Pleistocene and early Holocene dominated by C-3 plants. to a warmer, drier middle Holocene period characterized by an increase in C-4 plants. Stable isotopic results for late Holocene soils may reflect local rather than regional climatic conditions. Our results compare favorably with studies in the central and southern Great Plains. Together, these results imply that a regional change toward a warmer, drier climate occurred from the early to the middle Holocene on the southern Great Plains. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Olson, CG (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NR 75 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PY 2002 VL 87 BP 29 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S1040-6182(01)00060-X PG 16 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 511JF UT WOS:000173260300004 ER PT J AU Byrdwell, WC Neff, WE AF Byrdwell, WC Neff, WE TI Dual parallel electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (MS), MS/MS and MS/MS/MS for the analysis of triacylglycerols and triacylglycerol oxidation products SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CAPILLARY ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; VEGETABLE-OILS; FATTY-ACIDS; TRIGLYCERIDES; IDENTIFICATION; ELUCIDATION; TRIOLEIN; HYDROXY AB Two mass spectrometers, in parallel, were employed simultaneously for analysis of triacylglycerols in canola oil, for analysis of triolein oxidation products, and for analysis of triacylglycerol positional isomers separated using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was interfaced via an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) interface to two reversed-phase liquid chromatographic columns in series. An ion trap mass spectrometer was coupled to the same two columns using an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface, with ammonium formate added as electrolyte. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) under these conditions produced abundant ammonium adduct ions from triacylglycerols, which were then fragmented to produce MS/MS spectra and then fragmented further to produce MS/MS/MS spectra. ESI-MS/MS of the ammoniated adduct ions gave product ion mass spectra which were similar to mass spectra obtained by APCI-MS. ESI-MS/MS produced diacylglycerol fragment ions, and additional fragmentation (MS/MS/MS) produced [RCO](+) (acylium) ions, [RCOO + 58](+) ions, and other related ions which allowed assignment of individual acyl chain identities. APCI-MS of triacylglycerol oxidation products produced spectra like those reported previously using APCI-MS. APCI-MS/MS produced ions related to individual fatty acid chains. ESI-MS of triacylglycerol oxidation products produced abundant ammonium adduct ions, even for those molecules which previously produced little or no intact molecular ions under APCI-MS conditions. Fragmentation (MS/MS) of the [M+NH4](+) ions produced results similar to those obtained by APCI-MS. Further fragmentation (MS/MS/MS) of the diacylglycerol fragments of oxidation products provided information on the oxidized individual fatty acyl chains. ESI-MS and APCI-MS were found to be complementary techniques, which together contributed to a better understanding of the identities of the products formed by oxidation of triacylglycerols. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Byrdwell, WC (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. OI Byrdwell, William/0000-0001-8241-428X NR 40 TC 132 Z9 137 U1 3 U2 23 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP 300 EP 319 DI 10.1002/rcm.581.abs PG 20 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 518EV UT WOS:000173654400009 PM 11816045 ER PT J AU Fry, B Silva, SR Kendall, C Anderson, RK AF Fry, B Silva, SR Kendall, C Anderson, RK TI Oxygen isotope corrections for online delta S-34 analysis SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE; MASS-SPECTROMETER AB Elemental analyzers have been successfully coupled to stable-isotope-ratio mass spectrometers for online measurements of the delta(34)S isotopic Composition of plants, animals and soils. We found that the online technology for automated delta(34)S isotopic determinations did not yield reproducible oxygen isotopic compositions in the SO2 produced, and as a result calculated delta(34)S values were often 1-3parts per thousand high versus their correct values, particularly for plant and animal samples with high C/S ratio. Here we provide empirical and analytical methods for correcting the S isotope values for oxygen isotope variations, and further detail a new SO2-SiO2 buffering method that minimizes detrimental oxygen isotope variations in SO2. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Coastal Sci Labs, Austin, TX 78735 USA. RP Fry, B (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, 1151 Punchbowl St,Room 323, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. NR 14 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 16 IS 9 BP 854 EP 858 DI 10.1002/rcm.651 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 543WD UT WOS:000175123400005 PM 11948816 ER PT J AU Churchwell, MI Holder, CL Little, D Preece, S Smith, DJ Doerge, DR AF Churchwell, MI Holder, CL Little, D Preece, S Smith, DJ Doerge, DR TI Liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometric analysis of incurred ractopamine residues in livestock tissues SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID BETA-AGONIST; CLENBUTEROL AB Ractopamine HCl is a beta-adrenergic agonist (beta-agonist) recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, but not other governmental agencies, for use in finishing swine. For these reasons, it was important to develop and validate mass spectrometric methods for the detection and confirmation of ractopamine residues in livestock marker tissues. Incurred tissues in cattle, sheep, turkeys, and ducks were generated during 7-day ractopamine feeding (20 ppm in diets) periods. Disposition of ractopamine residues in liver and pigmented retinal epithelium was determined in animals slaughtered with withdrawal periods of 0, 3, and 7 days. Ractopamine residues, purified using solid-phase extraction, were measured using liquid chromatography (LC) and electrospray with detection by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in the multiple reaction-monitoring (MRM) mode. Total ractopamine residues (parent ractopamine + hydrolyzed conjugates) in liver were detected in all species on withdrawal day 7 (<1 ppb) and were greatly diminished in all species by withdrawal day 7 (<1 ppb). Bovine and ovine retina had lower levels of ractopamine (0.5-3 ppb) than liver, and occular residues increased with withdrawal time, suggesting redistribution into this tissue. Lower limits of quantification were found to be approximately 0.1 ppb in liver and retina. Incurred ractopamine residues were confirmed by the precise and accurate agreement of MRM intensity ratios of diagnostic fragment ions (m/z 284, 164, and 121) from the protonated molecule between ractopamine residues in incurred samples and an authentic ractopamine standard. The limits of confirmation in liver and retina using recognized acceptance criteria were below 1 ppb. The high sensitivity and specificity for measurement and confirmation of ractopamine residues suggests this method will be applicable for regulatory residue surveillance programs. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Micromass, Manchester, Lancs, England. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Doerge, DR (reprint author), Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. NR 9 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 16 IS 13 BP 1261 EP 1265 DI 10.1002/rcm.717 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 570HM UT WOS:000176652900002 PM 12112252 ER PT S AU Doraiswamy, P Hollinger, S Sinclair, TR Stern, A Akhmedov, B Prueger, J AF Doraiswamy, P Hollinger, S Sinclair, TR Stern, A Akhmedov, B Prueger, J BE Owe, M DUrso, G TI Application of modis derived parameters for regional yield assessment SO REMOTE SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS, AND HYDROLOGY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology III CY SEP 17-19, 2001 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP SPIE, European Opt Soc, Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, NASA ID TEMPERATURE; RADIATION AB Monitoring regional agricultural crop condition has traditionally been accomplished using NOAA AVHRR (1 km) data. New methods are developed for assessing crop yields by retrieving biophysical parameters from remotely sensed imagery and integrating with crop simulation models. The MODIS imagery with its 250 in resolution and a potentially daily coverage offers an opportunity for operational applications. The objective of this research is to assess the potential application of MODIS data for operation crop condition and yields. A field study was conducted during the 2000 crop season in McLean county Illinois (IL), USA. Twenty corn and soybean fields were monitored with measurements for crop reflectance, Leaf area Index (LAI) and other crop growth parameters, A canopy reflectance model was used to independently develop the LAI from the MODIS 250-m data. Crop growth parameters retrieved from the imagery were integrated in a crop yield simulation model. The magnitude and spatial variability of estimated LAI and the NASA product was partly due to differences in the classification of crop type and the pixel resolutions. A comparison with the NASA derived MODIS vegetation parameters and independently derived parameters are presented. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing LAb, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Doraiswamy, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing LAb, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4267-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4542 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1117/12.454181 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BU20S UT WOS:000175312100001 ER PT S AU Schmugge, T French, A Kustas, W AF Schmugge, T French, A Kustas, W BE Owe, M DUrso, G TI Evapotranspiration estimates using ASTER thermal infrared imagery SO REMOTE SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS, AND HYDROLOGY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology III CY SEP 17-19, 2001 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP SPIE, European Opt Soc, Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, NASA DE thermal infrared; remote sensing; surface energy balance; evapotranspiration; ASTER ID REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; EMISSIVITY; FLUXES; SOIL AB The recent availability of multi-band thermal infrared imagery from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission & Reflection radiometer (ASTER) on NASA's Terra satellite has made feasible the estimation of evapotranspiration at 90 meter resolution. One critical variable in evapotranspiration models is surface temperature. With ASTER the temperature can be reliably determined over a wide range of vegetative conditions. The requirements for accurate temperature measurement include minimization of atmospheric effects, correction for surface emissivity variations and sufficient resolution for the type of vegetative cover. When ASTER imagery are combined with meteorological observations, these requirements are usually met and result in surface temperatures accurate within 1-2 C. ASTER-based evapotranspiration estimates were made during September 2000 over a sub-humid regions at the USDA/ARS Grazinglands research laboratory near El Reno in central Oklahoma. Daily evapotranspiration was estimated by applying instantaneous ASTER surface temperatures, as well as ASTER-based vegetation indices from visible-near infrared bands, to a two-source energy flux model and combining the result with separately acquired hourly solar radiation data. The estimates of surface fluxes show reasonable agreement (within 50-100 W/m(2)) with ground-based Bowen Ratio Energy Balance measurements and illustrate how ASTER measurements can be applied to heterogeneous terrain. There are some significant discrepancies, however, and these may in part be due to difficulty quantifying fractional cover of senescent vegetation. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schmugge, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4267-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4542 BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.1117/12.454187 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BU20S UT WOS:000175312100011 ER PT S AU Schmugge, T French, A Ritchie, J Chopping, M Rango, A AF Schmugge, T French, A Ritchie, J Chopping, M Rango, A BE Owe, M DUrso, G TI ASTER observations of the spectral emissivity over New Mexico SO REMOTE SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS, AND HYDROLOGY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology III CY SEP 17-19, 2001 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP SPIE, European Opt Soc, Ctr Natl Etud Spatiales, NASA DE thermal infrared; emissivity; ASTER; remote sensing; Terra; gypsum ID SPACEBORNE THERMAL EMISSION; REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; TEMPERATURE AB On several days in 2000 & 2001 the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection radiometer (ASTER) on the Terra satellite obtained data over the Jornada Experimental Range test site along the Rio Grande river and the White Sand National Monument in New Mexico. ASTER has 14 channels from the visible (VNIR) through the thermal infrared (TIR) with 15 m resolution in the VNIR and 90 m in the TIR. The overpass time is approximately 11 AM (MST). With 5 channels between 8 and 12 mum these multispectral TIR data from ASTER provide the opportunity to separate the temperature and emissivity effects observed in the thermal emission from the land surface. Ground measurements during these overflights included surface temperature, vegetation type and condition and limited surface emissivity measurements. Preliminary results indicate good agreement between ASTER emissivities and ground measures. Analysis of earlier aircraft data has shown that the multispectral TIR data are very effective for estimating both the surface temperature and emissivity. These results will be compared with those obtained from the ASTER data for this site. With multispectral thermal infrared observations provided by ASTER it is possible for the first time to estimate the spectral emissivity variation for these surfaces on a global basis at high spatial resolution. C1 USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schmugge, T (reprint author), USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4267-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4542 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1117/12.454196 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Ecology; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BU20S UT WOS:000175312100023 ER PT S AU Schmugge, T Abrams, M Kahle, A Yamaguchi, Y Fujisada, H AF Schmugge, T Abrams, M Kahle, A Yamaguchi, Y Fujisada, H BE Bostater, CR Santoleri, R TI The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE OCEAN AND SEA ICE 2002 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Ocean and Sea Ice CY SEP 24, 2002 CL AGIA PELAGIA, GREECE SP SPIE DE thermal infrared; remote sensing; ASTER; Terra ID TEMPERATURE; ALGORITHM; FLUXES; IMAGES; SOIL AB The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) launched on NASA's Terra satellite in December 1999 provides anew tool for Earth observations. ASTER provides high-resolution, 15m(VNIR), 30m (SWIR) and 90m (TIR) coverage for limited areas with unique multispectal SWIR and TIR coverage and 15 in stereo coverage for DEM generation. These data have been used extensively for volcano and glacier monitoring. ASTER observations of over 1000 volcanoes around the world represent a significant increase in our ability to monitor volcanic activity and to map the products of eruptions. The SWIR channels have been used for mapping hot areas with temperatures up to 350 C and the multispectral. TIR data have been used to map ash and SO2 plumes. ASTER data are being used in the Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) project to map and catalog the approximately 80,000 glaciers. The objective is to acquire multiple observations to detect changes in ice margins and surface feature velocities. ASTER data acquired over the Jornada Experimental range in New Mexico have been used to extract spectral emissivities in the 8 to 12 micrometer range. These TIR data were also used in models to estimate the surface energy fluxes. Similar analysis of data acquired over the El Reno Oklahoma test site has shown that our satellite estimates of the surface fluxes agree reasonably well with ground measurements. C1 USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schmugge, T (reprint author), USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4662-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4880 BP XI EP XXII PG 12 WC Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BW39C UT WOS:000181847700001 ER PT J AU King, LA Brillard, JP Garrett, WA Bakst, AR Donoghue, AA AF King, LA Brillard, JP Garrett, WA Bakst, AR Donoghue, AA TI Segregation of spermatozoa within sperm storage tubules of fowl and turkey hens SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID DOMESTIC-FOWL; HETEROSPERMIC INSEMINATION; FLUORESCENT DYES; HOST GLANDS; EGGS; QUANTIFICATION; HOECHST-33342; SUBFERTILITY; MECHANISMS; TRANSPORT AB In avian species, spermatozoa reside in the oviduct for prolonged periods in specialized structures known as sperm storage tubules, but little is known about the relative distribution of spermatozoa in these tubules after successive inseminations by different males. The staining efficacies of various fluorescent dyes for fowl and turkey spermatozoa were evaluated to investigate one proposed mechanism of sperm competition. Hens were then inseminated at different intervals with stained and unstained spermatozoa to observe the spatial distribution of spermatozoa within the storage tubules. Several novel fluorescent lipophilic tracers that successfully stain mammalian spermatozoa either did not stain fowl or turkey spermatozoa, or greatly impaired sperm motility. In contrast, Hoechst 33342 readily stained sperm nuclei (fowl: 25 nmol l(-1); turkey: 77 nmol l(-1)) within 4 h without inhibiting sperm motility, or affecting fertility or the hatching ability of the eggs. Hens were tandemly inseminated with equal numbers of stained or unstained spermatozoa at 24 h intervals and were killed 24 h after the final insemination to study sperm entry and storage within the tubules. Oviductal mucosa containing sperm storage tubules was removed, and individual tubules were classified as containing stained spermatozoa, unstained spermatozoa, a mixture of stained and unstained spermatozoa, or as not containing spermatozoa. Results from the present study indicate that spermatozoa from two different inseminations generally segregate into different storage tubules in both fowl and turkey hens. Storage tubules containing mixed populations of spermatozoa were found in only 4% of fowl and 12% of turkey storage tubules examined. Thus, the mechanism of last-male precedence does not appear to be due to the stratification of spermatozoa within the tubules. C1 ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Rech Tours Nouzilly, INRA Stn Rech Avicoles, Nouzilly, France. RP Bakst, AR (reprint author), ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 46 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC REPRODUCTION FERTILITY PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE CB5 8DT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PD JAN PY 2002 VL 123 IS 1 BP 79 EP 86 PG 8 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 518EZ UT WOS:000173654800009 PM 11869189 ER PT J AU DeLiberto, TJ Seglund, A Jochle, W Kimball, B AF DeLiberto, TJ Seglund, A Jochle, W Kimball, B TI Assessment of cabergoline as a reproductive inhibitor in coyotes (Canis latrans) SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Fertility Control in Wildlife CY AUG, 2001 CL KRUGER NATL PK, SOUTH AFRICA ID DOPAMINE AGONIST; LUTEAL FUNCTION; PROLACTIN; PREGNANCY; PROGESTERONE; DOGS; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; SUPPRESSION; MANAGEMENT; FERTILITY AB The efficacy of three oral formulations (gelatin capsule, tablet, oil base) and five dosages (50, 100, 250, 500, 1000 mug) of cabergoline to disrupt reproduction in coyotes (Canis latrans) was evaluated. The type of formulation used had no effect on plasma progesterone and prolactin concentrations or on mean litter size. No adverse side effects (for example, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhoea) were observed despite the use of doses of up to 20 times the therapeutic dose used for domestic dogs and cats. All coyotes treated with 50, 100, 250 and 500 mug cabergoline whelped, but plasma progesterone concentrations in these coyotes were lower (Pless than or equal to0.07) than in control animals at day 7 after treatment. Ten of 11 females treated with 1000 mug cabergoline whelped, but progesterone concentrations in these coyotes were lower than in control animals up to day 14 after treatment (Pless than or equal to0.04). Dosages of 1000 mug cabergoline decreased blood serum prolactin (Pless than or equal to0.10) and progesterone (Pless than or equal to0.06) concentrations, but apparently failed to decrease progesterone below the threshold necessary to maintain pregnancy in all but one animal. However, progressive inhibition of prolactin and progesterone with increasing doses of cabergoline indicated that higher dosages might be effective in coyotes. Survival of pups born to cabergoline-treated females was not different (P<0.001) from that of pups born to control females, but mean litter size was smaller for females treated with cabergoline (Pless than or equal to0.073) than for the control females. Although all cabergoline treatments in this study were ineffective at preventing reproduction in coyotes, progressive inhibition of prolactin and progesterone with increasing dosages of cabergoline indicates that higher doses might be effective in preventing reproduction in coyotes. However, the physiological differences from other canine species in dopamine D2 receptors and mechanisms of luteal support may ultimately prevent the use of cabergoline for reproductive control in coyotes. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Predat Behav & Ecol Field Stn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Wolfgang Jochle Associates Inc, Denver, NJ 07834 USA. USDA, Wildlife Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP DeLiberto, TJ (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Wildlife Serv, Predat Behav & Ecol Field Stn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC REPRODUCTION FERTILITY PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE CB5 8DT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PY 2002 SU 60 BP 53 EP 64 PG 12 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 586EP UT WOS:000177571900007 ER PT J AU Curtis, PD Pooler, RL Richmond, ME Miller, LA Mattfeld, GF Quimby, FW AF Curtis, PD Pooler, RL Richmond, ME Miller, LA Mattfeld, GF Quimby, FW TI Comparative effects of GnRH and porcine zona pellucida (PZP) immunocontraceptive vaccines for controlling reproduction in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Fertility Control in Wildlife CY AUG, 2001 CL KRUGER NATL PK, SOUTH AFRICA ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; FERTILITY-CONTROL; IMMUNIZATION; PERFORMANCE; POPULATIONS; WILD AB Fawning rates and mating behaviour were compared between white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) treated with GnRH and porcine zona pellucida (PZP) immunocontraceptive vaccines from 1997 to 2000. Female deer from a herd of 102 deer at Seneca Army Depot, near Romulus, New York, were treated with prime and booster injections of PZP (n = 22) or GnRH vaccine (n = 32), or remained untreated as controls (n = 34). During the summers after booster treatment, observed fawning rates for adult female deer were similar for both PZP-treated (0.10-0.11 fawns per female) and GnRH-treated (0.13-0.22 fawns per female) female deer, and were significantly lower (t = -8.93 and t = -9.73 P less than or equal to 0.0005, respectively) than those observed for control female deer (1.22-1.38 fawns per female). During the second (0.36 fawns per female) and third summers (0.61 fawns per female) after the last booster injection, GnRH-treated female deer still produced significantly fewer fawns than did the controls (1.38 and 1.31 fawns per female, respectively). In one breeding season after treatment, five of 18 (28%) females vaccinated with PZP produced fawns, similar to the rate for GnRH-treated females (29%). In addition, females treated with GnRH had fewer oestrous cycles per female (0.06, P less than or equal to 0.05) than did either control (0.22 cycles per female) or PZP-treated deer (0.36 cycles per female). Initial PZP treatment followed by a booster dose 5-7 months later reduced fawn production and prolonged the breeding season as females repeatedly returned to oestrus, similar to results reported in other studies. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, USGS BRD, New York Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. New York State Dept Environm Conservat, Albany, NY 12233 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Curtis, PD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC REPRODUCTION FERTILITY PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE CB5 8DT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PY 2002 SU 60 BP 131 EP 141 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 586EP UT WOS:000177571900015 ER PT J AU Barb, CR Kraeling, RR Rampacek, GB AF Barb, CR Kraeling, RR Rampacek, GB TI Metabolic regulation of the neuroendocrine axis in pigs SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SECRETION; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; IGF-BINDING-PROTEINS; FREE FATTY-ACID; SERUM LEPTIN CONCENTRATIONS; ENDOCRINE CHANGES; GENE-EXPRESSION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE AB Transition from the fed to fasted state occurs more rapidly in prepubertal pigs than in mature pigs. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), leptin and specific metabolites, such as glucose and free fatty acids (FFA), play a role in signalling metabolic status to the brain-pituitary axis. High serum concentrations of FFA or glucose suppressed the growth hormone (GH) response to GH releasing hormone (GHRH), whereas glucose inhibited and FFA enhanced pituitary LH response to GnRH. The site of action of FFA and glucose on LH and GH secretion is at the pituitary cell. In cultured pig pituitary cells, IGF-I suppressed the GH response to GHRH and enhanced basal LH secretion. However, intracerebroventricular injection of IGF-I failed to affect LH or GH secretion in prepubertal gilts. Acute fasting suppressed leptin secretion without affecting LH or GH secretion. Metabolic fuel restriction by decreasing glucose availability increased GH secretion, but decreased LH secretion in prepubertal gilts. However, serum leptin concentrations were unchanged. Thus, the effects of acute energy deprivation on LH and GH secretion are independent of changes in leptin secretion. Serum leptin concentrations, hypothalamic leptin receptor mRNA and oestrogen-induced leptin gene expression in fat increased with age and adiposity in pigs. This increase occurred at the time of expected puberty in intact pigs. An intracerebroventricular injection of leptin suppressed feed intake, but stimulated GH secretion in prepubertal gilts. Leptin stimulated GnRH release from hypothalamic tissue in vitro. These results identify putative signals that link metabolic status and neuroendocrine control of appetite, growth and reproduction and have implications for nutrition-related human health problems due to high fat diets. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Barb, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Anim Physiol Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 60 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC REPRODUCTION FERTILITY PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE CB5 8DT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PY 2002 SU 59 BP 203 EP 217 PG 15 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 578AW UT WOS:000177096100016 ER PT J AU Braileanu, GT Simasko, SM Speth, RC Daubert, D Hu, JB Mirando, MA AF Braileanu, GT Simasko, SM Speth, RC Daubert, D Hu, JB Mirando, MA TI Angiotensin II increases intracellular calcium concentration in pig endometrial stromal cells through type 1 angiotensin receptors, but does not stimulate phospholipase C activity or prostaglandin F-2 alpha secretion SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE endometrium; oxytocin ID THYROTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; RAT VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE HYDROLYSIS; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; BOVINE ENDOMETRIUM; GENE-EXPRESSION; PITUITARY-CELLS; EARLY-PREGNANCY; CYCLIC PIGS AB Although the presence of endometrial receptors for angiotensin (Ang) II has been demonstrated, a specific function for AngII in the uterus has not been identified. Cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+](i), phospholipase C (PLC) activity and prostaglandin (PG) F-2alpha secretion in response to AngII and oxytocin (OT) were measured in pig endometrial stromal cells collected 16 days after oestrus. Treatment with 100 nM OT or AngII increased (P<0.001) [Ca2+](i) in stromal cells similarly (720 +/- 34 v. 690 +/- 33 pM, respectively). Subsequent administration of OT or AngII to the same cells induced smaller [Ca2+](i) increases (25% or 35% of the initial responses, respectively) that occurred only if the second exposure to the same agent took place at least 5 min after the first. When administered sequentially, OT and AngII each induced a full response within 1 min of the previous treatment, regardless of which peptide was applied first. Whereas OT increased PLC activity and PGF(2α) secretion in stromal cells (P<0.01), AngII did not increase either PLC activity or PGF(2alpha) secretion. Type 1 AngII (AT(1)) receptors were present on stromal cells, whereas AT(2) receptors were absent. Therefore, the effect of AngII in stromal cells was mediated via AT(1) receptors. That AngII increased [Ca2+](i) in stromal cells, but did not increase PLC or PGF(2alpha) secretion, indicates that either AngII releases a pool of Ca2+ through a mechanism that is not mediated by PLC and is not involved in PGF(2alpha) secretion or that a mechanism for PGF(2alpha) production other than one involving Ca2+ may exist. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Comparat Anat Pharmacol & Physiol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mirando, MA (reprint author), USDA, Natl Res Initiat Competit Grants Program, 1400 Independence Ave SW,Stop 2241, Washington, DC 20050 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD30268] NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 2002 VL 14 IS 4 BP 199 EP 205 AR UNSP 1031-3613/02/040199 DI 10.1071/RD02003 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 576MN UT WOS:000177009200002 PM 12219942 ER PT B AU Lugo, AE Scatena, FN Silver, W Colon, SM Murphy, PG AF Lugo, AE Scatena, FN Silver, W Colon, SM Murphy, PG BE Gunderson, LH Pritchard, L TI Resilience of tropical wet and dry forests in Puerto Rico SO RESILIENCE AND THE BEHAVIOR OF LARGE-SCALE SYSTEMS SE SCOPE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on Resilience and the Behavior of Large-Scale Systems CY SEP, 1997 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN ID LUQUILLO-EXPERIMENTAL-FOREST; FINE-ROOT DYNAMICS; HURRICANE HUGO; SUBTROPICAL WET; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; TREE MORTALITY; RAIN-FORESTS; SIMILAR AGE; DISTURBANCE; PRODUCTIVITY C1 US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. NR 81 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-971-7 J9 SCOPE SER PY 2002 VL 60 BP 195 EP 225 PG 31 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA BW67A UT WOS:000182751600008 ER PT B AU Hershberger, WK AF Hershberger, WK BE Stickney, RR McVey, JP TI Genetic changes in marine aquaculture species and the potential for impacts on natural populations SO RESPONSIBLE MARINE AQUACULTURE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Aquaculture Sustainability CY 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP World Aquaculture Sustainabil ID PACIFIC SALMON; CONSERVATION GENETICS; MANAGEMENT; SIZE AB Although many aspects of aquaculture have changed very dramatically over the last 50 years, one feature that has not changed very much is the use of natural genetic resources as the primary supply of 'raw material' for use in production facilities. Consequently, some serious attention should be paid to the factors that affect natural aquatic genetic resources and their conservation. Three major factors are identified that can have a major impact on the natural genetic resources in the marine environment: habitat alteration, changes in the commercial fishery, and use of aquaculture to restore or enhance natural populations. The genetic effects of each of these factors are discussed. With this diversity in potential effectors, there is some 'genetic risk' associated with introducing an additional component to the natural system, e.g. intensive aquaculture systems. Minimization of genetic risk can be accomplished by maintaining genetic variability within natural populations and a model is discussed to evaluate the characteristics of an aquaculture species that can be utilized to minimize loss. Only through understanding how major genetic alterations are introduced, what their impacts are, and how these are addressed can a marine aquaculture operation be managed in a viable and sustainable manner. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Hershberger, WK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, 11876 Leetown Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 0-85199-604-3 PY 2002 BP 221 EP 231 DI 10.1079/9780851996042.0221 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BX55K UT WOS:000185668200012 ER PT J AU Dunham, JB Adams, SB Schroeter, RE Novinger, DC AF Dunham, JB Adams, SB Schroeter, RE Novinger, DC TI Alien invasions in aquatic ecosystems: Toward an understanding of brook trout invasions and potential impacts on inland cutthroat trout in western North America SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE biological invasions; brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis); cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki); nonnative species ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; MOUNTAIN STREAMS; CONSERVATION STRATEGY; HABITAT UTILIZATION; TERRITORY SIZE; NONNATIVE FISH; CHANNEL SLOPE; FRESH-WATER; BULL-TROUT AB Experience from case studies of biological invasions in aquatic ecosystems has motivated a set of proposed empirical "rules" for understanding patterns of invasion and impacts on native species. Further evidence is needed to better understand these patterns, and perhaps contribute to a useful predictive theory of invasions. We reviewed the case of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) invasions in the western United States and their impacts on native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki). Unlike many biological invasions, a considerable body of empirical research on brook trout and cutthroat trout is available. We reviewed life histories of each species, brook trout invasions, their impacts on cutthroat trout, and patterns and causes of segregation between brook trout and cutthroat trout. We considered four stages of the invasion process: transport, establishment, spread, and impacts to native species. Most of the research we found focused on impacts. Interspecific interactions, especially competition, were commonly investigated and cited as impacts of brook trout. In many cases it is not clear if brook trout invasions have a measurable impact. Studies of species distributions in the field and a variety of experiments suggest invasion success of brook trout is associated with environmental factors, including temperature, landscape structure, habitat size, stream flow, and human influences. Research on earlier stages of brook trout invasions (transport, establishment, and spread) is relatively limited, but has provided promising insights. Management alternatives for controlling brook trout invasions are limited, and actions to control brook trout focus on direct removal, which is variably successful and can have adverse effects on native species. The management applicability of research has been confounded by the complexity of the problem and by a focus on understanding processes at smaller scales, but not on predicting patterns at larger scales. In the short-term, an improved predictive understanding of brook trout invasions could prove to be most useful, even if processes are incompletely understood. A stronger connection between research and management is needed to identify more effective alternatives for controlling brook trout invasions and for identifying management priorities. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95615 USA. Missouri Dept Conservat, Conservat Res Ctr, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. RP Dunham, JB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 316 E Myrtle St, Boise, ID 83702 USA. NR 114 TC 105 Z9 109 U1 6 U2 61 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PY 2002 VL 12 IS 4 BP 373 EP 391 DI 10.1023/A:1025338203702 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 713TV UT WOS:000184875000002 ER PT B AU Whitener, LA Weber, BA Duncan, G AF Whitener, LA Weber, BA Duncan, G BE Weber, BA Duncan, GJ Whitener, LA TI Introduction: As the dust settles: Welfare reform and rural America SO RURAL DIMENSIONS OF WELFARE REFORM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Rural Dimensions of Welfare Reform CY MAY, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP USDA, Econ Res Serv, Univ Chicago, NW Univ, Joint Ctr Poverty Res, Rural Policy Res Inst C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU W E UPJOHN INST EMPLOYMENT RESEARCH PI KALAMAZOO PA 300 S WESTNEDGE AVE, KALAMAZOO, MI 49007 USA BN 0-88099-239-5 PY 2002 BP 1 EP 21 PG 21 WC Public Administration; Social Issues SC Public Administration; Social Issues GA BW23C UT WOS:000181288400001 ER PT B AU Gibbs, RM AF Gibbs, RM BE Weber, BA Duncan, GJ Whitener, LA TI Rural labor markets in an era of welfare reform SO RURAL DIMENSIONS OF WELFARE REFORM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Rural Dimensions of Welfare Reform CY MAY, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP USDA, Econ Res Serv, Univ Chicago, NW Univ, Joint Ctr Poverty Res, Rural Policy Res Inst C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU W E UPJOHN INST EMPLOYMENT RESEARCH PI KALAMAZOO PA 300 S WESTNEDGE AVE, KALAMAZOO, MI 49007 USA BN 0-88099-239-5 PY 2002 BP 51 EP 75 PG 25 WC Public Administration; Social Issues SC Public Administration; Social Issues GA BW23C UT WOS:000181288400003 ER PT B AU Nord, M AF Nord, M BE Weber, BA Duncan, GJ Whitener, LA TI The decline in food stamp use by rural low-income households - Less need or less access? SO RURAL DIMENSIONS OF WELFARE REFORM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Rural Dimensions of Welfare Reform CY MAY, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP USDA, Econ Res Serv, Univ Chicago, NW Univ, Joint Ctr Poverty Res, Rural Policy Res Inst C1 Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU W E UPJOHN INST EMPLOYMENT RESEARCH PI KALAMAZOO PA 300 S WESTNEDGE AVE, KALAMAZOO, MI 49007 USA BN 0-88099-239-5 PY 2002 BP 433 EP 451 PG 19 WC Public Administration; Social Issues SC Public Administration; Social Issues GA BW23C UT WOS:000181288400016 ER PT S AU Hagen, S Salisbury, S Wierenga, M Xu, G Lewis, L AF Hagen, S Salisbury, S Wierenga, M Xu, G Lewis, L GP TRB TRB TI Soil bioengineering as an alternative for roadside management - Benefit-cost analysis case study SO SAFETY AND MAINTENANCE SERVICES: MAINTENANCE SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 81st Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board, US Dept Transportat, Bur Transportat Stat, Fed Aviat Adm, Fed Highway Adm, Fed Motor Carrier Safety Adm, Fed Railroad Adm, Fed Transit Adm, Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm, Res & Special Programs Adm, NASA, USA Corps Engineers, US Coast Guard, US DOE, US EPA, Amer Publ Transportat Assoc, Amer Transportat Res Inst, Assoc Amer Railroads, Natl Asphalt Pavement Assoc AB As an environmentally compatible and cost-efficient alternative for roadside management, soil bioengineering has become increasingly important and attractive. Soil bioengineering uses live plants and plant parts as building materials for engineering and ecologically sound solutions to erosion control, slope and stream bank stabilization, landscape restoration, and wildlife habitats. However, not all decision makers are aware of the specific benefits of this approach. This case study applied a benefit-cost analysis to an experimental soil bioengineering demonstration project to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of soil bioengineering as an alternative to traditional roadside management. Traditional roadside management methods (geotechnical solutions) were used as the baseline, and soil bioengineering treatments were treated as an investment alternative. Cost savings, along with other environmental benefits, were assessed and compared with construction costs. The effects of life cycle, effectiveness, and discounting were included in the analysis to ensure comparability between both treatments. The analytical results demonstrate that soil bioengineering methods, if technically feasible, could be adopted to produce equal or better economic and environmental results. The findings of the research project and the economic analysis indicate that soil bioengineering is an efficient and environmentally beneficial tool for roadside management. C1 Washington State Dept Transportat, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Prineville, OR 97754 USA. RP Hagen, S (reprint author), Washington State Dept Transportat, 310 Maple Pk Ave, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-07720-6 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2002 IS 1794 BP 97 EP 104 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA BV98C UT WOS:000180585900012 ER PT J AU King, JW Dunford, NT AF King, JW Dunford, NT TI Phytosterol-enriched triglyceride fractions from vegetable oil deodorizer distillates utilizing supercritical fluid fractionation technology SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deodorizer distillate; phytosterol; rice bran; soybean; supercritical fluid fractionation ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; EXTRACTION AB Supercritical fluid fractionation (SFF) technology has been applied as an alternative method to recover phytosterol (St)enriched triglyceride (TG) fractions from vegetable oil deodorizer distillates (DD). Utilizing a pilot scale high pressure packed column, it was possible to obtain oil fractions with 20 and 31% St, 38 and 30% TG, from rice bran and soybean oil DD, respectively. A two step SFF method was developed further to obtain low free fatty acid and high TG and St content oil fractions from rice bran and soybean oil DD. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP King, JW (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 37 IS 2 BP 451 EP 462 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 522WH UT WOS:000173919600011 ER PT J AU Toles, CA Marshall, WE AF Toles, CA Marshall, WE TI Copper ion removal by almond shell carbons and commercial carbons: Batch and column studies SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED CARBON; ADSORPTIVE PROPERTIES; ESTIMATED COST; HEAVY-METALS; NUTSHELLS; CADMIUM AB Phosphoric acid-activated/oxidized, and steam-activated and steam-activated/oxidized almond shell granular activated carbons (GACs) were investigated for their utility in removing copper ion (Cu2+) from solution in both batch and column applications compared to commercially available GACs. Adsorption isotherms were developed and found to best fit the Freundlich model. Experimental and commercial carbons were packed into columns and exposed to two different empty bed contact times using a solution of 3 mM CuCl2 buffered at pH 4.8. The most effective GACs for removal of copper ions in batch mode were the phosphoric acid-activated/oxidized and steam-activated/oxidized experimental carbons. The most effective carbon in column mode appeared to be the phosphoric acid-activated/oxidized sample. A column packed with this carbon showed higher breakthrough volumes and greater estimated hours of operation than other experimental carbons and commercial carbons evaluated. This carbon could function as an effective metal ion adsorbent in water and wastewater treatment. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Cabot Corp, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Marshall, WE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 17 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2002 VL 37 IS 10 BP 2369 EP 2383 DI 10.1081/SS-120003518 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 572CH UT WOS:000176755500008 ER PT J AU Ryan, KC AF Ryan, KC TI Dynamic interactions between forest structure and fire behavior in boreal ecosystems SO SILVA FENNICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Disturbance Dynamics in Boreal Forests- Restoration and Management of Biodiversity CY AUG 21-25, 2000 CL KUHMO, FINLAND DE boreal forest; disturbance dynamics; fire behavior; fire severity; stand structure ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; SUB-ALPINE FORESTS; CROWN FIRE; JACK PINE; LANDSCAPE; VEGETATION; SEVERITY; ALBERTA; CLIMATE; FREQUENCY AB This paper reviews and synthesizes literature on fire as a disturbance factor in boreal forests. Spatial and temporal variation in the biophysical environment, specifically, vegetative structure, terrain, and weather lead to variations in fire behavior. Changes in slope, aspect, elevation, and soil affect site energy and water budgets and the potential plant community. These terrain features also have a major influence on fire-caused disturbance through their role in determining moisture conditions and flammability of fuels on hourly, seasonal, and successional time-scales. On fine time scales (minutes to hours), changes in weather, specifically wind and relative humidity, significantly affect a fire's intensity and aboveground effects. Normal seasonal changes in dryness and periodic drought influence fire intensity and severity principally by affecting the depth of burn and belowground effects. On decades-long time scales changes in vegetative structure affect the mass of fuel available for burning and therefore the potential energy that can be released during a fire. The severity of fire varies in time and space depending not only on the biophysical environment, but also on the location on the fire's perimeter (head vs. flank vs. rear). Spatial and temporal variation in severity within a fire can have long-lasting impacts on the structure and species composition of post-fire communities and the potential for future disturbances. Characteristic temperature histories of ground, surface, and crown fires are used to illustrate variations in fire severity. A soil-heating model is used to illustrate the impact of varying depth of burn on the depth at which various fire effects occur in the soil profile. A conceptual model is presented for the effects of fire severity on fire-plant regeneration interactions. The conceptual model can be used by restoration ecologists to evaluate the differential effects of controlled or prescribed fires and wildfires and to plan and implement fire treatments to conserve biodiversity. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Ryan, KC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM kryan@fs.fed.us NR 186 TC 153 Z9 170 U1 18 U2 95 PU FINNISH SOC FOREST SCIENCE-NATURAL RESOURCES INST FINLAND PI VANTAA PA PO BOX 18, FI-01301 VANTAA, FINLAND SN 0037-5330 EI 2242-4075 J9 SILVA FENN JI Silva. Fenn. PY 2002 VL 36 IS 1 BP 13 EP 39 DI 10.14214/sf.548 PG 27 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 551NA UT WOS:000175566700002 ER PT J AU Johnson, GR AF Johnson, GR TI Genetic variation in tolerance of Douglas-fir to Swiss needle cast as assessed by symptom expression SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE resistance; Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii; Pseudotsuga menziesii; genetic gain ID FOREST AB The incidence of Swiss needle cast on Douglas-fir has increased significantly in recent years on the Oregon coast. Genetic variation in symptoms of disease infection, as measured by foliage traits, was assessed in two series of progeny trials to determine whether these "crown health" indicators were under genetic control and correlated with tolerance; tolerance being continued growth in the presence of high disease pressure. Foliage traits generally had lower heritabilities than growth traits and were usually correlated with diameter growth. Foliage traits of crown density and color appeared to be reasonable indicators of disease tolerance. In the absence of basal-area data, assessing crown density and color can help screen for families that show tolerance to the disease. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Johnson, GR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 4 PU J D SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, D-60322 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 2002 VL 51 IS 2-3 BP 80 EP 86 PG 7 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 607XF UT WOS:000178815500006 ER PT J AU Ahuja, MR Neale, DB AF Ahuja, MR Neale, DB TI Origins of polyploidy in coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (D. DON) ENDL.) and relationship of coast redwood to other genera of Taxodiaceae SO SILVAE GENETICA LA English DT Article DE Sequoia; coast redwood; polyploidy; fossil history; cytology molecular phylogeny; ancestry; Taxodiaceae ID PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; GENOME EVOLUTION; CUPRESSACEAE; ANGIOSPERMS; SEQUENCES; CONIFERS; SIZE AB Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (D. DON) ENDL.) is the only conifer which is a hexaploid. It is not known when the polyploid Sequoia evolved from its diploid ancestors and which are its putative progenitors, living or extinct. The polyploid nature of the coast redwood, whether autopolyploid, auto-allopolyploid, segmental allopolyploid, or allopolyploid also remains an unresolved problem. In this paper, we present models for the possible origins of polyploidy in coast redwood, and speculate whether progenitors of Sequoia had experienced one or more episodes of polyploidization during their genomic evolution to hexaploidy. We draw on studies from fossil history, morphology, embryology, cytology, somatic and meiotic chromosome analyses, taxonomy and molecular phylogeny that are relevant to understanding the origin of hexaploid coast redwood and its relationship to other genera in Taxodiaceae. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Hort, USDA, Forest Serv,Inst Forest Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ahuja, MR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, 2480 Carson Rd, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. NR 54 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 19 PU J D SAUERLANDERS VERLAG PI FRANKFURT PA FINKENHOFSTRASSE 21, D-60322 FRANKFURT, GERMANY SN 0037-5349 J9 SILVAE GENET JI Silvae Genet. PY 2002 VL 51 IS 2-3 BP 93 EP 100 PG 8 WC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity SC Forestry; Genetics & Heredity GA 607XF UT WOS:000178815500008 ER PT J AU Rosati, A Mousa, E Van Vleck, LD Young, LD AF Rosati, A Mousa, E Van Vleck, LD Young, LD TI Genetic parameters of reproductive traits in sheep SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE heritability; genetic correlations; prolificacy ID EWE PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS; 8-MONTH BREEDING CYCLES; COMPOSITE LINES; LAMB PRODUCTION; PURE BREEDS; 3 BREEDS; COMPONENTS; EFFICIENCY AB Reproductive traits from 7642 ewes were recorded from 1975 to 1983. The ewes were of five breeds (Dorset (D), Finnsheep F), Rambouillet (R), Suffolk (S) and Targhec (T)) and two composite lines [C1 (1/2F + 1/4R + 1/4D) and C2 (1/2F + 1/4S + 1/4T)]. Genetic parameters were estimated for six basic and seven composite traits. The basic traits were conception rate (CR), total number of lamb born (NLB), number of lambs born alive (NLBA), number of lambs alive at weaning (NLAW), litter mean weight per lamb born (LMWLB) and litter mean weight per lamb weaned (LMWLW). The composite traits were ratio of lambs surviving to weaning relative to NLB (LSW = NLAW/NLB), number of lambs born per ewe exposed (NLBEE = CR x NLB), number of lambs weaned per ewe exposed (NLWEE = CR x NLAW), total litter weight at birth (TLWB = NLB x LMWLB), total litter weight at weaning (TLWW = NLAW x LMWLW), total litter weight at birth per ewe exposed (TLWBEE = CR x NLB x LMWLB) and total litter weight at weaning per ewe exposed (TLWWEE = CR x NLAW x LMWLW). Year, age of ewe, breed of ewe, hormone treatment and season of breeding were used as fixed effects. Direct and maternal genetic effects, permanent environmental effects of ewe and mate of ewe were considered to be random effects. A derivative-free algorithm was used to obtain REML estimates of genetic and environmental parameters, Estimates of heritabilities for animal genetic and permanent environmental and maternal genetic effects were mainly small due to the typical high influence of environmental factors on reproductive traits and to non-normal distributions of traits. Mate of ewe effects were not important for any trait. Important genetic correlations were found between some traits. Some estimates of genetic correlations do not seem to have a biological explanation. Nevertheless, these estimates of genetic correlations among traits may provide a basis for deriving selection indexes for reproductive traits. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Assoc Italiana Allevatori, I-00162 Rome, Italy. Assiut Univ, Fac Agr, Assiut 71516, Egypt. USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Rosati, A (reprint author), Assoc Italiana Allevatori, Via Nomentana 134, I-00162 Rome, Italy. NR 16 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 43 IS 1 BP 65 EP 74 AR PII S0921-4488(01)11256-5 DI 10.1016/S0921-4488(01)00256-5 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 524GM UT WOS:000174004900008 ER PT J AU Wang, CL Powell, JE Liu, YZ AF Wang, CL Powell, JE Liu, YZ TI A literature review of the biology and ecology of Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) in China SO SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE ISOPTERA AB Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki is a serious pest to homes and structures in the south of China. It has been widely studied by Chinese researchers during the past 35 years. However, most studies are not known outside of China due to limited circulation and the language barrier. This paper summarizes the study on biology and ecology of C. formosanus in China. Included are infestations in China, colony dispersal flight, development of incipient colonies, mature colony age, colony size and life expectancy, production of supplementary reproductives, production of soldiers, nest structure, activity pattern, relationship between environment and C. formosanus distribution and activities, and nest development. Comparisons were made with studies conducted in the U.S. The production of supplementary reproductives is suggested for further investigation. C1 USDA ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Sichuan Acad Forestry, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China. RP Wang, CL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Ctr Urban & Ind Pest Management, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 55 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU CALIF STATE UNIV PI CHICO PA DEPT BIOL SCI, CHICO, CA 95929 USA SN 0361-6525 J9 SOCIOBIOLOGY JI Sociobiology PY 2002 VL 40 IS 2 BP 343 EP 364 PG 22 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 572WU UT WOS:000176798600011 ER PT J AU Fares, A Parsons, LR Simunek, J Van Genuchten, MT Wheaton, TA AF Fares, A Parsons, LR Simunek, J Van Genuchten, MT Wheaton, TA TI Effects of emitter distribution patterns and soil type on water and solute distribution following microirrigation SO SOIL AND CROP SCIENCE SOCIETY OF FLORIDA PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Annual Meeting on Soil and Crop Science CY JUN 10-12, 2001 CL HUTCHINSON ISLAND, FLORIDA AB While some furrow/flood irrigation is still used, microirrigation has already become the dominant means of supplying water to citrus groves on Florida sandy soils. Unfortunately, many microirrigation systems apply water in a non-uniform pattern. Uniformity is very important for proper irrigation, especially on sandy soils where horizontal redistribution of water is generally limited. Knowing that microirrigation systems are used to deliver fertilizers and pesticides, nonuniform water application will result in poor irrigation efficiency, fertilization, and pest control, also potential environmental contamination. The main objective of this study was to numerically study the impact of non-uniform water application on water flow and solute movement within soil profiles of ridge and flatwood soil types. Two soil profiles, typical for the Candler (hyperthermic, uncoated, Typic Quartzipsamments) and Immokalee (sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic Alfic Arenic Alaquots) soils, were used in these simulations. Results indicated 25% more water drainage under the Immokalee than under the Candler soil type. However, solute leaching was 2.5 greater under the Candler than under the Immokalee soil. These results show a strong effect of non-uniform irrigation water application on water flow and, more importantly, on solute transport, especially under ridge soil conditions. Further research will focus on the impact of water table height and water table fluctuation on water flow and solute transport processes in these two soil types. C1 Univ Hawaii, Nat Res & Environm Manage Dept, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Florida, Ctr Citrus Res & Educ, Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA. ARS, US Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Fares, A (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Nat Res & Environm Manage Dept, 1910 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL CROP SCIENCE FLORIDA PI IMMOKALEE PA 2686 S R 29 N, IMMOKALEE, FL 34142 USA SN 0096-4522 J9 SOIL CROP SCI SOC FL JI Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. PY 2002 VL 61 BP 46 EP 56 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 635HU UT WOS:000180394100011 ER PT J AU Turner, BL McKelvie, ID Haygarth, PM AF Turner, BL McKelvie, ID Haygarth, PM TI Characterisation of water-extractable soil organic phosphorus by phosphatase hydrolysis SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE organic phosphorus; soil water-extracts; phosphatase hydrolysis; phosphomonoesterase; phosphodiesterase; phytase; inositol hexakisphosphate ID ENZYMATIC RELEASE; FLOW-INJECTION; GRASSLAND; SEDIMENTS; RUNOFF; FORMS AB Information on the chemical forms of organic phosphorus (P) in soil waters is fundamental to understanding the dynamics of soil organic P and its potential for transfer from soils to watercourses, Phosphatase enzymes were used to classify water-extractable molybdate-unreactive P (MUP) from five Australian pasture soils into compounds that could be hydrolysed by (i) alkaline phosphomonoesterase (comprising labile orthophosphate monoesters, such as sugar phosphates), (ii) a combination of phosphodiesterase and alkaline phosphomonoesterase (comprising labile orthophosphate monoesters and orthophosphate diesters, such as nucleic acids and phospholipids), and (iii) phytase (including inositol hexakisphosphate). The phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase preparations were specific to the target substrates, but the phytase preparation hydrolysed all ester-P bonds. Air drying of soils increased the amounts of water-extractable MUP from between 0.15 and 0.45 mug P g(-1) in extracts of moist soils to between 1.04 and 1.63 mug P g(-1) in extracts of dry soils. Only small amounts of the MUP were hydrolysed by phosphomonoesterase alone (mean 5.6%), whilst a combination of phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase hydrolysed much greater proportions (6-63%). This suggested the dominance of orthophosphate diesters in grassland soil solutions. The phytase preparation hydrolysed large proportions of MUP in extracts of dry soils (33-49%), suggesting the release of enzyme-hydrolysable inositol hexakisphosphate to water following the rapid rewetting of dry soils. The large proportions of MUP that remained unhydrolysed in all extracts probably consisted of microbial cell debris and high molecular weight P-containing compounds. The phosphatase technique is a simple and accurate method for determining functional classes of MUP in soil waters. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Monash Univ, Dept Chem, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Monash Univ, Water Studies Ctr, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. Inst Grassland & Environm Res, Okehampton EX20 2SB, Devon, England. RP Turner, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793N-3600E, Kimberley, ID 83341 USA. RI McKelvie, Ian/A-1382-2008; Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; Haygarth, Philip/F-6790-2014; OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; McKelvie, Ian/0000-0003-1199-180X NR 44 TC 124 Z9 132 U1 2 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 34 IS 1 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00144-4 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 516AH UT WOS:000173528800003 ER PT J AU Timlin, D Pachepsky, Y AF Timlin, D Pachepsky, Y TI Infiltration measurement using a vertical time-domain reflectometry probe and a reflection simulation model SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE TDR probe; wetting front; infiltration; simulation ID SOIL-WATER CONTENT; ELECTROMAGNETIC DETERMINATION; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CONSTANT; TDR AB Experimental methods are needed to measure infiltrations at several locations simultaneously during rainfall or irrigation. The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of using a time domain reflectometry (TDR) probe installed vertically into the soil to track the propagation of the wetting front during infiltration. We used a numerical method to simulate wave traces. The dielectric constant above the wetting front and the probe characteristics were known. The trace simulation method was coupled to a nonlinear optimization program to fit the apparent lengths of the TDR probe above and below the wetting front and the dielectric constant of the soil below the wetting front. The optimization program employed a genetic algorithm. The progression of the wetting front into the soil was recorded as a function of the apparent length of the section of the TDR probe above the wetting front. Direct measurements of the wetting front advance were obtained from observations of infiltration in a clear acrylic cylinder packed with soil and ponded with water. The root mean square errors of the predicted wetting front depths did not exceed 0.4 cm. The method shows promise in estimating wetting front depth as a function of time. C1 ARS, USDA, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Timlin, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Bldg 001,Rm 342,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009; OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1097/00010694-200201000-00001 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 515PR UT WOS:000173505000001 ER PT J AU Al-Jabri, SA Horton, R Jaynes, DB AF Al-Jabri, SA Horton, R Jaynes, DB TI A point-source method for rapid simultaneous estimation of soil hydraulic and chemical transport properties SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TENSION INFILTROMETER; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; WATER-CONTENT; FIELD METHOD; NONREACTIVE TRACERS; CONDUCTIVITY; SURFACE; INFILTRATION; PARAMETERS; DESIGN AB Hydraulic and chemical transport properties are needed for accurate prediction of water and chemical movement through the vadose zone. Field methods used to estimate such properties are often hampered by extensive labor and time constraints. One of the objectives of this study was to develop an experimental setup and a procedure for a point-source method that facilitates rapid and simultaneous measurements of soil hydraulic and chemical transport properties at multiple locations. Another objective was to evaluate the point-source method by comparing the parameters with those produced by ponded and tension infiltrometers. The experimental setup consisted of three dripper lines equipped with pressure-compensating drippers. The setup was evaluated on a greenhouse soil pit. Determined hydraulic properties were the saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) and the macroscopic capillary length (lambda(c)). Hydraulic properties (from the point-source method) were determined by applying four consecutive discharge rates on the soil surface and measuring their corresponding steady-state saturated areas. Determined chemical transport parameters were the immobile water fraction (theta(im)/theta) and the mass exchange coefficient (alpha). They were determined by applying a sequence of conservative fluorobenzoate tracers. The point-source method gave consistent and reliable estimates for both sets of properties. Except for alpha, there was no significant difference between the two procedures (point source vs. infiltrometers) in determining both sets of properties. The study showed that the point-source setup could he utilized for rapid and simultaneous estimation of soil hydraulic and chemical transport properties at multiple locations with minimum labor requirements. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Horton, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 12 EP 18 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 510QT UT WOS:000173219300002 ER PT J AU Lee, J Horton, R Jaynes, DB AF Lee, J Horton, R Jaynes, DB TI The feasibility of shallow time domain reflectometry probes to describe solute transport through undisturbed soil cores SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IMMOBILE WATER-CONTENT; COEFFICIENT AB Rapid and nondestructive methods for determining solute transport properties are useful in many soil science applications. Recently, a series of field methods and a time domain reftectometry (TDR) method that could estimate some of the mobile-immobile model (MIM) parameters, immobile water content (theta(im)) and mass exchange coefficient (alpha), have been reported. The first objective of this study was to determine an additional parameter, dispersion coefficient (D-m), using the TDR method. The three MIM parameters were estimated from the TDR-measured data, and the estimated parameters were compared with the estimated parameters from the effluent data. The second objective was to determine whether the TDR-determined parameters from the surface 2-cm soil layer could be used to predict effluent breakthrough curves (BTC) at the 20-cm depth. The TDR-determined parameters were used to calculate effluent BTCs using the CXTFIT computer program. Parameters obtained by curve fitting of the three parameters simultaneously using TDR data were not similar to the parameters obtained from the effluent BTCs. The parameter estimations were improved by fixing one or two independently determined parameter(s) before curve fitting for the remaining unknown parameter(s). The calculated BTCs were similar to the observed BTCs with coefficient of determination (r(2)) being 0.99 and root mean square error (RMSE) being 0.036. The TDR data obtained from shallow soil layers were successfully used to describe solute transport through undisturbed soil cores. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Biosyst Engn Environm & Soil Sci, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Horton, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI LEE, JAEHOON/D-9758-2014 NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 53 EP 57 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 510QT UT WOS:000173219300007 ER PT J AU Young, MH Karagunduz, A Simunek, J Pennell, KD AF Young, MH Karagunduz, A Simunek, J Pennell, KD TI A modified upward infiltration method for characterizing soil hydraulic properties SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; DISC INFILTROMETER DATA; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; OUTFLOW EXPERIMENTS; INVERSE METHOD; WATER; CONDUCTIVITY; MOVEMENT AB This note describes a modified upward infiltration method (UIM), which combines laboratory experiments and inverse parameter estimation for determining soil hydraulic properties in the wetting direction. The laboratory method used a Mariotte system to impose a constant head boundary condition on the bottom of a soil column, allowing water to be taken up by the soil material under negative pressure head. Tensiometers installed along the column measured the change in soil pressure head before and after wetting front arrival. The HYDRUS-1D code was used to obtain an optimal set of van Genuchten parameters, using pressure head and cumulative flux data as auxiliary variables in the objective function. Two soil types (a fine sand and a sandy loam) were tested in triplicate in uniformly-packed soil columns. The results of the uniform column experiments were repeatable, and showed excellent fits between observed and predicted data. Fitted parameters were used in forward simulations to independently predict water flow behavior in layered columns of the same soil material. The forward simulations successfully predicted water flow for sand-over-loam and loam-over-sand combinations in layered columns. The relative simplicity of the experimental procedure and the availability of appropriate numerical models renders the modified upward infiltration method an alternative for determining wetting hydraulic properties of soils. C1 Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Young, MH (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Hydrol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. RI Pennell, Kurt/F-6862-2010; Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; Young, Michael/J-8009-2012; KARAGUNDUZ, AHMET/A-3072-2016 OI Pennell, Kurt/0000-0002-5788-6397; Young, Michael/0000-0001-8479-9910; KARAGUNDUZ, AHMET/0000-0002-8406-0718 NR 24 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 57 EP 64 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 510QT UT WOS:000173219300008 ER PT J AU Lebron, I Suarez, DL Yoshida, T AF Lebron, I Suarez, DL Yoshida, T TI Gypsum effect on the aggregate size and geometry of three sodic soils under reclamation SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; POROUS-MEDIA; LIQUID RETENTION; INTERFACIAL AREA; PORE; CAPILLARY; ATTRACTION; DISPERSION; SURFACES; MODEL AB Reclamation of sodic soils is imperative in many areas where deterioration of land and water resources is in progress. While the chemical mechanisms involved in the reclamation of sodic soils are well described and understood, the in situ physical processes undergoing during the salt leaching and cation substitution are normally not taken into consideration. Three sodic soils mixed with different amounts of gypsum were packed in columns and leached under saturated conditions for a period of time between 1 and 3 mo. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-sat) was measured and a thin section was prepared for each of the columns. We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and image analysis to measure the size and shape of the aggregates and the pores, and correlated these with chemical and physical parameters. We divided the area by the perimeter (A/P) to quantify the size and A/P-2 to express geometry for both aggregates and pores. The size of the aggregates had a good correlation with the exchangeable Na percentage (ESP), bulk density, pore size, and K-sat. There was no significant relationship between pore size and texture, indicating that transport models using particle-size distribution to infer porosity, may not be successful in predicting water transport in soils under reclamation. The linear relationship between aggregate size and pore size indicates that the pore space is determined by the packing of the aggregates not the individual particles, this relationship may have implications not only for water transport but for modeling hydraulic properties in general. C1 USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. RP Lebron, I (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 4500 Glenwood Dr, Riverside, CA 92501 USA. RI lebron, Inma/A-4762-2013 OI lebron, Inma/0000-0001-8610-9717 NR 30 TC 33 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 23 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 92 EP 98 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 510QT UT WOS:000173219300012 ER PT J AU Mozaffari, M Russelle, MP Rosen, CJ Nater, EA AF Mozaffari, M Russelle, MP Rosen, CJ Nater, EA TI Nutrient supply and neutralizing value of alfalfa stem gasification ash SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; WOOD ASH; FLY-ASH; AGRICULTURAL LAND; LIMING MATERIAL; TRACE-ELEMENTS; PLANT-GROWTH; BY-PRODUCTS; BOILER ASH; AMENDMENT AB Energy generation from biomass is an environmentally sound alternative to other energy producing technologies. Pilot studies have indicated that alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a suitable feedstock for energy generation via the gasification process. The resulting ash is a potential liming agent and a source of plant nutrients. A growth chamber study was conducted with three soils to evaluate the potential use of this ash as a soil amendment. Corn (Zea mays L.) received 13 treatments: control, K and/or P fertilizer, seven ash rates (0.6 to 14.6 g ash kg(-1) soil), and one ash rate with K or P fertilizer. Soil pH increased with ash application on all soils. Ash application increased ammonium acetate-exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg, and Olsen P in soil and decreased DTPA-extractable soil Fe, Mn, Ni, and Pb. Averaged across the three soils, slopes of the cations recovered in plant and soil vs. cations applied in the ash were 0.48, 0.21, and 0.22 of total ash K, Ca, and Mg, respectively (r(2) > 0.97). Ash significantly increased plant K and Mo, and decreased Mg, Mn, and Zn concentration. Tissue P concentrations were not affected by ash, but increased with P fertilizer. Phosphorus fertilizer increased plant dry mass (DM), but K fertilizer did not, thus K did not limit yield. Alfalfa stem gasification ash is a potential liming agent, a source of K, and would not lead to excessive accumulation of trace elements in soil or plants when applied at rates based on lime or K need. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Rosen, CJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Rosen, Carl/L-2622-2013 OI Rosen, Carl/0000-0002-0098-2230 NR 53 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 171 EP 178 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 510QT UT WOS:000173219300020 ER PT J AU Obreza, TA Pitts, DJ AF Obreza, TA Pitts, DJ TI Effective rainfall in poorly drained microirrigated citrus orchards SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Effective rainfall (ER) is the portion of total rainfall that plants use to help meet their consumptive water requirements, and is an important component of water resource budgeting for irrigation. The USDA's Technical Release no. 21 (TR-21) is used to predict ER and irrigation requirements for south Florida citrus, but its accuracy is in question due to high-intensity rainfall, poorly drained soils, and partial irrigation coverage in microirrigated orchards. We evaluated the calculation of ER by TR-21 under these conditions by monitoring rainfall, irrigation, water table depth, evapotranspiration (ET), and soil water content inside and outside of the microirrigation-wetted pattern in four orchards for a total of 83 site-months. We developed a soil water budget to calculate daily water table upflux,root zone water content, water used, and ER separately for the irrigated and nonirrigated root zones. Water budget ER calculated by site ranged between -3.3% and + 18.2% of TR-21 ER, with a mean of + 10%. A linear correlation between water budget ER and TR-21 ER using pooled data from all four sites yielded the equation: Water Budget ER (mm) = 0.79 [TR-21 ER (mm)] + 17.7, r = 0.84. A hypothetical ER comparison using 30-yr mean rainfall and ET data showed that annual ER calculated by TR-21 amounted to 673 mm, while water budget ER totaled 744 mm, or + 10.5%. We suggest that the TR-21 method has the level of accuracy needed to allocate water for microirrigated citrus on poorly drained south Florida soils. C1 Univ Florida, IFAS, SW Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. USDA, NRCS, Agr Expt Stn, Champaign, IL 61802 USA. RP Obreza, TA (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, SW Florida Res & Educ Ctr, 2686 State Rd 29 N, Immokalee, FL 34142 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 212 EP 221 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 510QT UT WOS:000173219300026 ER PT J AU Howell, TA Schneider, AD Dusek, DA AF Howell, TA Schneider, AD Dusek, DA TI Effects of furrow diking on corn response to limited and full sprinkler irrigation SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; SOUTHERN HIGH-PLAINS; LEPA IRRIGATION; BASIN TILLAGE; CROP YIELDS; GRAIN-YIELD; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; INFILTRATION; PRECISION; SORGHUM AB Corn (Zea mays L.) is a major irrigated crop in the Southern High Plains of the USA that is usually fully irrigated. The trend has been toward center pivot sprinklers equipped with low pressure, closely spaced spray heads that have a large instantaneous application rate that can cause surface water redistribution and/or runoff. This study was conducted to evaluate three surface tillage systems-furrow diking, clean furrows, and flat tillage-on corn yields and yield components during three different growing seasons under two irrigation regimes-full soil water replenishment (FI) and limited irrigation (LI), which was irrigated at the same time as FI but with one-half of the irrigation amount-in a semiarid environment at Bushland, TX. Irrigations were applied with a lateral-move sprinkler system equipped with low-drift spray nozzles. Yields were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by year and all treatments. The 1997 and 1999 yields were similar, but the 1998 yields were reduced by a combination of drought and disease. Furrow diking increased corn yields significantly across years and irrigation regimes in this semiarid environment. Irrigation regime almost doubled mean yield from 6.5 Mg ha(-1) to 12.6 Mg ha(-1) for the LI and FI regimes, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RP Howell, TA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 222 EP 227 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 510QT UT WOS:000173219300027 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, K Franzluebbers, AJ Jawson, MD AF Franzluebbers, K Franzluebbers, AJ Jawson, MD TI Environmental controls on soil and whole-ecosystem respiration from a tallgrass prairie SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATE GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CO2 FLUX; CHAMBER METHODS; WATER-VAPOR; VARIABILITY; EVOLUTION; EXCHANGE; BUDGET; EFFLUX AB Environmental controls on C cycling in terrestrial ecosystems are difficult to define, because (i) C fluxes from plant vs. microbial activity are difficult to separate, and (ii) controlling variables are often intercorrelated. We investigated temporal and spatial determinants of soil respiration and whole-ecosystem respiration using nighttime exposure of static chambers to alkali absorption during 2 yr on a tallgrass prairie in northeastern Kansas. Soil respiration (mg CO2-C m(-2) h(-1)) was positively related to soil organic C (SOC, kg m(-2) 0.1 m(-1)) through linear regression [CO2-C = -44 + (40 SOC), r(2) = 0.71]. Temporal variations in respiration were related to soil temperature, water-filled pore space (WFPS), and a plant growth rate function, with a combined R-2 of 0.76 for soil respiration and of 0.84 for whole-ecosystem respiration. Temporal variograms suggested that both soil and whole-ecosystem respiration became increasingly dissimilar the longer the time between measurements up to 30 d, while dissimilarity in soil temperature and WFPS leveled between 10 and 20 d of separation. A plant growth rate function was an important variable that controlled whole-ecosystem respiration, as well as soil respiration. The ratio of soil respiration to whole ecosystem respiration was approximate to0.4 during maximum plant growth (July) and approached a value of 1 during minimal plant growth (November to March). We conclude that whole-ecosystem respiration is under similar environmental controls as soil respiration, the main variables being soil organic C, soil temperature, WFPS. and plant growth rate, which all control the supply of readily mineralizable substrates. C1 USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resources Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Loch Lomond, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resources Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 40 TC 69 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 34 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 254 EP 262 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 510QT UT WOS:000173219300031 ER PT J AU Wu, J Norvell, WA Hopkins, DG Welch, RM AF Wu, J Norvell, WA Hopkins, DG Welch, RM TI Spatial variability of grain cadmium and soil characteristics in a durum wheat field SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SCALE VARIABILITY; UNITED-STATES; CORN; GEOSTATISTICS; SALINITY; COPPER; YIELD; LEAD; ZINC AB The accumulation of Cd in edible crops is undesirable because of potential risks to human health. Agronomic efforts to lower Cd in foods will be more effective if we understand the extent and causes of spatial variability of Cd in crops in the field. The primary objective of this study was to characterize the spatial variability of grain Cd and eight soil characteristics in a field of durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.] in northeastern North Dakota. A rectangular area of about 0.5 ha was selected to provide a range in several soil characteristics that are reported to influence Cd uptake by plants. These included chelate-extractable Cd, total soil Cd (Cd,), pH, cation-exchange capacity (CEC), organic C (OC), and soluble Cl, S, and Na. Location data and paired samples of soil and durum grain were collected at 124 sites. Semivariograms showed that the variations of grain Cd and most soil properties were strongly spatially dependent, with range distances that varied from about 30 to 55 m. A spherical model was fitted successfully to variograms for all characteristics. Maps of grain Cd and soil characteristics were generated by interpolating among measured values by block kriging. Visual and statistical comparisons of maps showed that grain Cd was distributed similarly to measures of soil salinity, especially to the logarithm of soil Cl. Locations with somewhat poorly drained soils,,which contained elevated Cl, produced grain with much higher Cd. Our results suggest that knowledge of the spatial distribution of soil characteristics, especially salinity, should be helpful in developing or applying agronomic practices to reduce Cd in durum grain. C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Norvell, WA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 36 TC 41 Z9 51 U1 4 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 268 EP 275 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 510QT UT WOS:000173219300033 ER PT J AU Ebeling, AM Bundy, LG Powell, JM Andraski, TW AF Ebeling, AM Bundy, LG Powell, JM Andraski, TW TI Dairy diet phosphorus effects on phosphorus losses in runoff from land-applied manure SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RAINFALL SIMULATOR; SURFACE WATERS; EXCRETION; SOIL; PERFORMANCE; ALFALFA; EROSION AB Phosphorus losses from land-applied manure can contribute to nonpoint source pollution of surface waters. Dietary P forms and levels influence P concentrations in animal manures and may affect P losses from land-applied manure. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dairy diet P concentration on P losses in runoff from land-applied manure. Dairy manures from two dietary P levels were applied (24 May 1999) at 56 wet Mg ha(-1) to a silt loam soil, to provide 40 and 108 kg P ha(-1), respectively. The high P diet manure was also applied at 21 wet Mg ha(-1) (40 kg P ha(-1)) to provide a P rate equivalent to the low P diet manure. Plots were subjected to simulated rainfall (75 mm h(-1)) just prior to corn (Zea mays L.) planting in June and again after harvest in October 1999. Runoff was analyzed for dissolved reactive P (DRP), bioavailable P (BAP), total P (TP), and sediment concentration. Natural runoff from the same plots was collected from November 1999 through July 2000 and analyzed for DRP. At equivalent manure rates, DRP concentration in June runoff from the high P diet manure was approximate to10 times higher (2.84 vs. 0.30 mg L-1) than the low P diet manure, and four times higher (1.18 vs. 0.30 mg L-1) when applied at equivalent P rates. Phosphorus concentrations in October runoff and November to July natural runoff were lower (0.02 to 1.69 mg L-1), but treatment effects were the same as for the June runoff. These results show that excessive addition of inorganic P to dairy diets increases the potential for P loss in runoff from land-applied manure, even at the same P application rate. Diet P effects on potential losses in runoff from land-applied manure should he considered in P-indexing and nutrient management planning. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ebeling, AM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, 1525 Observ Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 30 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 16 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 284 EP 291 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 510QT UT WOS:000173219300035 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA Wilkinson, SR AF Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA Wilkinson, SR TI Bermudagrass management in the southern Piedmont USA. II. Soil phosphorus SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POULTRY LITTER; RUNOFF; NITROGEN; FERTILIZER; POTASSIUM; IMPACT; YIELD; CROP AB Plant production can be limited by low levels of available P due to high P-fixation capacity in soils of the southeastern USA. On the other hand, there is increasing concern about excessive application of P to soil, especially when manure application is based upon N content. We evaluated changes in Mehlich-1 extractable soil P during 5 yr of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] management varying in fertilization [inorganic and broiler chicken (Gallus gallus) litter] and harvest strategy (unharvested, low and high cattle (Bos taurus) grazing pressure, and haying). Broiler litter supplied eight times more P than inorganic fertilization to meet the N requirement. At a depth of 0 to 6 cm, Mehlich-1 extractable soil P increased 0.8 +/- 1.6 mg kg(-1) yr(-1) (4 +/- 8% of total P added) with inorganic-only fertilization,2.4 +/- 3.0 mg kg(-1) yr(-1)(9 +/- 11% of total P added) with clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) cover crop plus inorganic fertilization, and 8.7 +/- 9.8 mg kg(-1) yr(-1) (6 +/- 7% of total P added) with broiler litter. Haying kept Mehlich-1 extractable soil P constant with time due to removal of P with harvest of biomass. At the end of 5 yr of broiler litter application to grazed land, Mehlich-1 extractable soil P was 135, 50,22, and 4 mg kg(-1) higher than with inorganic fertilization at depths of 0 to 3, 3 to 6, 6 to 12, and 12 to 20 cm, respectively. Broiler litter fertilization was effective at increasing Mehlich-1 extractable soil P to an agronomically productive level (50 to 60 mg kg(-1) 15 cm(-1)), but continued application could lead to excessive P accumulation that could threaten water quality from surface runoff unless appreciable soil fixation or removal of forage biomass were to occur. C1 USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resources Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resources Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 291 EP 298 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 510QT UT WOS:000173219300036 ER PT J AU Sherrod, LA Dunn, G Peterson, GA Kolberg, RL AF Sherrod, LA Dunn, G Peterson, GA Kolberg, RL TI Inorganic carbon analysis by modified pressure-calcimeter method SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Soil organic C (SOC) analyses using high temperature induction furnace combustion methods have become increasing popular because of advances in instrumentation. Combustion methods, however, also include C from CaCO3 and CaMg(CO3)(2) found in calcareous soils. Separate analysis of the inorganic C (IC) must be done to correct C data from combustion methods. Our objective was to develop a efficient and precise IC method by modification of the pressure-calcimeter method. We modified the method by using Wheaton serum bottles (20-mL and 100-mL) sealed with butyl rubber stoppers and aluminum tear-off seals as the reaction vessel and a pressure transducer monitored by a digital voltmeter. Our gravimetric IC determination of six soils showed a strong correlation when regressed against IC from the modified pressure-calcimeter method (slope of 0.99, r(2) = 0.998). The method detection limit (MOL) was 0.17 g IC kg(-1) for the 20-mL serum bottles and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.30 g IC kg(-1). The 100-mL serum bottle had a MDL of 0.42 with a LOQ of 2.4 g IC kg(-1). When using a 100-mL, Wheaton serum bottle as the reaction vessel with a 0.50-g sample size, soils containing up to 120 g IC kg(-1), which represent a 100% CaCO3 equivalent, can be analyzed within the V output range of the pressure transducer. Soil organic C determined by subtraction of IC from total C from combustion analysis correlated well with SOC determined by the Walkley-Black. C1 USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Sidney, BC, Canada. RP Sherrod, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res Unit, POB E, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RI Peterson, Gary/B-8119-2013 NR 8 TC 252 Z9 270 U1 6 U2 33 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 299 EP 305 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 510QT UT WOS:000173219300037 ER PT J AU Pooler, MR Dix, RL Feely, J AF Pooler, MR Dix, RL Feely, J TI Interspecific hybridizations between the native bittersweet, Celastrus scandens, and the introduced invasive species, C-orbiculatus SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID PLANTS AB Although many surveys of invasive plants have been conducted, relatively little research has been conducted on the biology of hybridization between invasive and native species. We hypothesized that interspecific hybridizations between the native bittersweet (Celastrus scandens L.) and the invasive introduced species (C. orbiculatus Thunb.) may be more vigorous and have less seed dormancy than C. scandens seedlings. To test this hypothesis, we performed controlled pollinations using C. scandens as the female parent and C. scandens or C. orbiculatus as the male parent. Although both the interspecific and intraspecific pollinations resulted in a comparable percentage of germinating seedlings, the seedlings from the interspecific crosses had less seed dormancy and were more vigorous than the intraspecific seedlings. These results indicate that the decline of the American bittersweet may be due in part to interspecific hybridizations with the invasive introduced species, and that the distinct genetic identity of C. scandens may be threatened. C1 US Natl Arboretum, USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, Washington, DC 20002 USA. US Natl Arboretum, USDA ARS, Garden Unit, Washington, DC 20002 USA. RP Pooler, MR (reprint author), US Natl Arboretum, USDA ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, 3501 New York Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002 USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 25 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2002 VL 1 IS 1 BP 69 EP 76 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2002)001[0069:IHBTNB]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 626RH UT WOS:000179886700007 ER PT J AU Haag, WR Warren, ML Wright, K Shaffer, L AF Haag, WR Warren, ML Wright, K Shaffer, L TI Occurrence of the rayed creekshell, Anodontoides radiatus, in the Mississippi River Basin: Implications for conservation and biogeography SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID MUSSELS AB We document the occurrence of the rayed creekshell (Anodontoides radiatus Conrad), a freshwater mussel (Unionidae), at eight sites in the upper Yazoo River drainage (lower Mississippi River Basin) in northern Mississippi. Previously, A. radiatus was thought to be restricted to Gulf Coast drainages as far west only as the Tickfaw River system (Lake Pontchartrain Basin), Louisiana. The eight populations reported herein represent the only known occurrences of this species in the Mississippi River Basin. This distributional pattern, along with distributions of other aquatic organisms, suggests that headwater stream capture events occurred historically between lower Mississippi River Basin tributaries and the upper Tombigbee River drainage (Mobile Basin). Because A. radiatus is a rare species, considered imperiled throughout its range, the discovery of eight additional populations and the extension of its known range are of significance to its conservation. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Univ Mississippi, Field Stn, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2002 VL 1 IS 2 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2002)001[0169:OOTRCA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 626RJ UT WOS:000179886800005 ER PT J AU Ford, WM Menzel, MA Odom, RH AF Ford, WM Menzel, MA Odom, RH TI Elevation, aspect, and cove size effects on southern Appalachian salamanders SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL SALAMANDERS; POPULATIONS; COMPETITION; MOUNTAINS; LANDSCAPE; DECLINES; LANDFORM; DENSITY; CONTEXT AB Using museum collection records and variables computed by digital terrain modeling in a geographic information system, we examined the relationship of elevation, aspect, and "cove" patch size to the presence or absence of 7 common woodland salamanders in mature cove hardwood and northern hardwood forests in the southern Appalachians of Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Overall, elevation, aspect and patch size were poor discriminators among salamander species presence or absence at collection sites. Increased elevation was an important variable explaining the presence of Ocoee salamanders (Desmognathus ocoee) and Jordan's salamanders (Plethodon jordani). In contrast, decreased elevation was all important variable explaining the presence of slimy salamanders (Plethodon glutinosus). Our Study contrasts with recent research indicating that suitable habitat patch size is an important determinant of woodland salamander species richness and abundance at recently disturbed sites. In these mature stands, we believe that cove patch size as determined by modeling either was well above effect-level thresholds for influencing individual species presence or Our modeling failed to reflect true collection site conditions. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Questerra Inc, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Ford, WM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Box 404, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. EM mford@fs.fed.us; mamenzel@juno.com; rhodom@questerra.com NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 EI 1938-5412 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2002 VL 1 IS 4 BP 315 EP 324 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2002)001[0315:EAACSE]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 628PP UT WOS:000180005300001 ER PT J AU Lockaby, BG Keeland, BD Stanturf, JA Rice, MD Hodges, G Governo, RM AF Lockaby, BG Keeland, BD Stanturf, JA Rice, MD Hodges, G Governo, RM TI Arthropods in decomposing wood of the Atchafalaya River Basin SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID DEBRIS; FOREST; MICROARTHROPODS; DYNAMICS; LITTER AB Changes in arthropod populations (numbers of individuals identified to the family level in most cases) were studied during the decomposition of coarse woody debris (CWD) in the Atchafalaya River Basin of Louisiana. The arthropod study was linked with a CWD decomposition Study installed after disturbance by Hurricane Andrew. Arthropod numbers were compared between two canopy disturbance classes and between two spatial orientations of CWD (i.e., suspended above- and in contact with the soil). Results during 30 months in the field suggested little influence of canopy disturbance or spatial orientation of CWD on arthropod numbers. Counts were most frequently dominated by Collembola and Acarina and peaked after 18-24 months within larger debris. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. US Geol Survey, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. US Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Florida State Dept Agr, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA. RP Lockaby, BG (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RI Stanturf, John/B-2889-2010 OI Stanturf, John/0000-0002-6828-9459 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2002 VL 1 IS 4 BP 339 EP 352 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2002)001[0339:AIDWOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 628PP UT WOS:000180005300003 ER PT J AU Campbell, TA Ford, WM Hale, PE Wentworth, JM Johnson, AS Miller, KV AF Campbell, TA Ford, WM Hale, PE Wentworth, JM Johnson, AS Miller, KV TI Nutritional value of yellow-poplar flowers to deer in the southern Appalachians SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; DEFENDING PLANTS; ANTLER GROWTH; RESPONSES; RUMINANTS; REDUCTION; TANNINS AB Yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) flowers have been reported to be an important component of the spring diets of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the southern Appalachians. We quantified the nutritional contribution of yellow-poplar flowers by comparing flower nutrient content to published nutrient requirements for deer. Yellow-poplar flowers exceeded the calcium, phosphorus, crude protein, and digestible energy requirements (P < 0.001) for productive processes. However, sodium requirements for antler growth and digestible energy requirements for peak lactation for twin fawns were not met by yellow-poplar flowers. Similar to oak (Quercus spp.) mast in the fall months, yellow-poplar flowers are an important seasonal source of energy for deer. C1 Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. US Forest Serv, Chattahoochee Natl Forest, Blairsville, GA 30512 USA. RP Campbell, TA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2002 VL 1 IS 4 BP 425 EP 432 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2002)001[0425:NVOYPF]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 628PP UT WOS:000180005300009 ER PT J AU Reeves, JB Reeves, VB AF Reeves, JB Reeves, VB TI Effects of apodization function, zero filling, background spectra, and absorbance transformation on mid-infrared calibrations for feed composition SO SPECTROSCOPY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE apodization function; zero filling; background spectra; absorbance transformation; mid-infrared calibrations; feed composition; multivariate analysis ID DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PARTICLE-SIZE MORPHOLOGY; CARBOHYDRATE SYSTEMS; SAMPLE DILUTION AB Research has demonstrated that, diffuse. reflectance mid-infrared spectroscopy can, like near-infrared diffuse reflectance, be used to quantitatively determine the composition of ground samples of forages and soils without the need for KBr dilution. While it has been demonstrated that the accuracy of calibrations developed using mid-infrared spectra can be equal to or better than that achieved,using near-infrared spectra, the influence of factors such as apodization function has not been determined. Results based on the spectra of 173 treated forage samples obtained using a DigiLab FTS-60 spectrometer have demonstrated that many parameters associated with mid-infrared spectra have little or no effect on partial least squares calibrations. Additional zero filling of spectra had little effect other than to increase the derivative gaps found to produce optimal calibrations, but calibrations developed using Kubelka-Munk transformed data, as opposed to absorbance data, were not as accurate. Choice of apodization function also had little effect, although slightly better results were found using triangular or weak Norton-Beer. Likewise, the frequency of taking a background spectrum did not seem to have any great effect on calibrations, although results were slightly better with hourly or daily acquisitions as opposed to one for each sample as is done in the near-infrared. C1 USDA ARS, ANRI, AMBL, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US FDA, CVM, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, AMBL, BARC E, Bldg 306,Rm 101, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0038-7010 J9 SPECTROSC LETT JI Spectr. Lett. PY 2002 VL 35 IS 5 BP 663 EP 680 DI 10.1081/SL-120014938 PG 18 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 610VF UT WOS:000178981500004 ER PT J AU Millner, PD Wright, SF AF Millner, PD Wright, SF TI Tools for support of ecological research on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Review DE arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi; biodiversity; Glomales; glomalin; identification; quantification; root colonization; activity in soil and roots; molecular detection; immunodetection; rDNA; cDNA; taxon-specific PCR; biomass ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACERS; LEEK ALLIUM-PORRUM; GLOMUS-MOSSEAE; ENDOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; ISOFLAVONOID ACCUMULATION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PRIMERS; SCUTELLOSPORA CASTANEA AB The diverse, beneficial impacts that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have on plants and soils in terms of plant nutrient uptake, soil stabilization, and protection of plants roots against soilborne pathogens make these organisms important components of natural and intensively managed landscapes. Their obligate biotrophism limits their propagation in pure culture but has been a stimulus for development of a series of new molecular tools useful for identification, localization (in roots or in soil), and quantification of AM fungal activity in situ. This paper presents a review of the tools available to examine the fungal side of the symbiosis and suggests aspects of future development needed to bring the full benefit of these tools to bear on the task of evaluating the impact of AM fungal diversity at broad scale ecological levels. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Millner, PD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM millnerp@ba.ars.usda.gov; wrights@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 100 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 2002 VL 33 IS 2 BP 101 EP 123 PG 23 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 625RC UT WOS:000179828500001 ER PT J AU Sun, HJ Depriest, PT Gargas, A Rossman, AY Friedmann, EI AF Sun, HJ Depriest, PT Gargas, A Rossman, AY Friedmann, EI TI Pestalotiopsis maculans: A dominant parasymbiont in North American lichens SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Article DE lichenicolous fungi; lichen symbiosis; Pestalotiopsis ID FUNGAL AB By culturing small thallus portions in nutrient medium, we showed that Pestalotiopisis maculans (Corda) Nag Raj is a dominant parasymbiont (secondary fungus) in North American lichens. P. maculans was present in all twelve lichen specimens (10 Cladonia, 1 Usnea, and 1 Parmetroma) studied in the eastern North America between Ontario, Canada and Oaxaca, Mexico. In each lichen P. maculans was present throughout the length of the thallus. Cultures of excised tissue samples revealed that in the Cladonia thallus P. maculans is confined to the medulla, but not in direct contact with the photobiont cells contained therein. When growing in pure culture, P. maculans and the mycobiont Cladonia subtenuis show different hyphal morphologies in the environmental scanning electron microscope, but these characteristics are not present within the lichen thallus. Twenty-one lichens collected in Germany, the Canary Islands, New Zealand, and Israel contained other secondary fungi (but not Pestalotiopsis) with variable abundance and relatively narrow geographic distribution. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, US Natl Herbarium, MRC 166, Washington, DC 20013 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Florida State Univ, Polar Desert Res Ctr, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Sun, HJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 183-301, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RI DePriest, Paula/K-6633-2015 NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 2002 VL 33 IS 3 BP 215 EP 226 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 634DT UT WOS:000180325300002 ER PT J AU Li, J Kremer, RJ Ross, LM AF Li, J Kremer, RJ Ross, LM TI Electron microscopy of root colonization of Setaria viridis by deleterious rhizobacteria as affected by soil properties SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Article DE colonization; rhizobacteria; plant growth suppression; pseudomonads; rhizosphere; soil microcosms ID FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; PLANT-PATHOGENS; POTATO; GROWTH AB Root colonization of green foxtail (Setaria viridis) seedlings grown in three different soils inoculated with selected deleterious rhizobacteria (DRB) was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The three DRB originated from Setaria faberi seedlings growing in soils under different management and with different organic matter and pH. The DRB strains reduced green foxtail seedling growth 50% in agar bioassays. Green foxtail seedling shoot growth was significantly affected by the interaction of soil and DRB. Electron microscopic observations revealed the DRB strains preferentially colonized root surface crevices over ridges. Each strain densely colonized roots of green foxtail when inoculated in its native soil, probably due to adaptation to the particular chemical, physical, and biological properties embodied by each soil. Bacterial colonization and establishment on seedling roots led to growth inhibition. Pseudomonas fluorescens strain L2-19 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain TFR1 significantly reduced. green foxtail growth in all three soils, however, P. putida strain B1-7 inhibited green foxtail only in the high organic matter, high pH soil under an organic farming management system.All three strains significantly inhibited green foxtail shoot growth in the organically managed soil, indicating that organic matter content is an important factor affecting growth suppressive activity of DRB. In general, seedlings grown in an uncultivated prairie soil with high organic matter and low pH produced less biomass than those grown in other soils. This suggests that soil pH also may be involved in the growth suppression of host plants by DRB. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Soil & Atmospher Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Kremer, RJ (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Soil & Atmospher Sci, 302 Anheuser Busch Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 2002 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 529KK UT WOS:000174298500001 ER PT J AU Dugan, FM Sitton, JW Sullivan, RF White, JF AF Dugan, FM Sitton, JW Sullivan, RF White, JF TI The Neotyphodium endophyte of wild barley (Hordeum brevisubulatum subsp violaceum) grows and sporulates on leaf surfaces of the host SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Article DE Clavicipitaceae; endophytes; epiphyllous; Hordeum; Neotyphodium ID FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; TALL FESCUE; GRASSES; MODEL AB The Neotyphodium endophyte of wild barley (Hordeum brevisubulatum subsp. violaceum) has been demonstrated via stained leaf impressions, SEM, and the plating to agar media of leaf washes from the host, to grow and sporulate on leaf surfaces under laboratory conditions. Superficial mycelium was usually sparse, and mycelial nets were not observed on the leaf epidermis. ITS sequence data were identical for Neotyphodium isolates derived from surface-disinfested leaf tissue and from leaf washes, and the isolates were indistinguishable by morphometric analysis when grown in culture. Conidia of the endophyte were capable of germination and growth on nutrient agar. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Dugan, FM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI White, James/C-2280-2009 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT SCIENCE SERVICES/BALABAN PUBLISHERS PI REHOVOT PA PO BOX 2039, REHOVOT 76120, ISRAEL SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 2002 VL 32 IS 2 BP 147 EP 159 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 551ZD UT WOS:000175593100005 ER PT J AU Faeth, SH Haase, SM Sackett, SS Sullivan, TJ Remington, RK Hamilton, CE AF Faeth, SH Haase, SM Sackett, SS Sullivan, TJ Remington, RK Hamilton, CE TI Does fire maintain symbiotic, fungal endophyte infections in native grasses? SO SYMBIOSIS LA English DT Article DE Arizona fescue; endophytic fungi; Festuca arizonica; fire; mutualism; Neotyphodium; stress; symbiosis ID TALL FESCUE; PONDEROSA PINE; ARIZONA FESCUE; NEOTYPHODIUM ENDOPHYTES; ACREMONIUM ENDOPHYTES; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; FESTUCA-ARIZONICA; EPICHLOE; PLANTS; TRANSMISSION AB Systemic endophytic fungi in agronomic and turf grasses are well known for conferring increased resistance to herbivores and to abiotic stresses, such as drought, and increasing competitive abilities. Many native grasses also harbor high frequencies of the asexual and vertically-transmitted endophyte, Neotyphodium. In Festuca arizonica (Arizona fescue), frequency of Neotyphodium-infected plants is often high, but variable, within and among populations. However, Neotyphodium infections in native Arizona fescue, unlike infected agronomic grasses, do not increase resistance to herbivores, do not generally increase drought resistance and do not increase competitive abilities. Native grasses, however are often subjected to another important abiotic stress, fire, which is not normally associated with turf and pasture grasses. Endophyte-related resistance to frequent fires is an alternative explanation for the maintenance of high frequencies of this endophyte in native grasses. We tested the hypothesis that infection by Neotyphodium increases resistance to the direct and indirect effects of fire. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Fire Res Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Faeth, SH (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Biol, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM s.faeth@asu.edu NR 89 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0334-5114 J9 SYMBIOSIS JI Symbiosis PY 2002 VL 32 IS 3 BP 211 EP 228 PG 18 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 576MW UT WOS:000177009900003 ER PT J AU Petroski, RJ AF Petroski, RJ TI Efficient preparation of 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-ethanol and 2-(2-bromoethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane from 4-hydroxy-2-butanone SO SYNTHETIC COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CONVENIENT AB 2-Methyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-ethanol was prepared in 90% isolated yield from 4-hydroxy-2-butanone and ethylene glycol using a weak acid catalyst and ethyl acetate as the reaction solvent. 2-(2-Bromoethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane was prepared in 75% isolated yield by bromination of 2-Methyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-ethanol with dibromotriphenylphosphorane. The reagent was prepared in situ by titrating triphenylphosphine with bromine at an ice-ethanol bath temperature. The target compounds are useful methyl vinyl ketone equivalents. C1 ARS, USDA, REE, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res,Bioact Agents Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Petroski, RJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, REE, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res,Bioact Agents Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0039-7911 J9 SYNTHETIC COMMUN JI Synth. Commun. PY 2002 VL 32 IS 3 BP 449 EP 455 DI 10.1081/SCC-120002130 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 522FA UT WOS:000173884000018 ER PT J AU Decker-Walters, DS Staub, JE Chung, SM Nakata, E Quemada, HD AF Decker-Walters, DS Staub, JE Chung, SM Nakata, E Quemada, HD TI Diversity in free-living Populations of Cucurbita pepo (Cucurbitaceae) as assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA SO SYSTEMATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article ID ALLOZYME VARIATION; CUCUMBER; TEXANA; L. AB One area of risk assessment for transgenic crops concerns cross-compatible wild and weedy relatives, In squash (Cucurbita pepo), free-living populations are diverse in their distributions, ecologies, histories, and genetic and phenotypic compositions. As part of the effort to understand this diversity random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) data were collected from 37 wild or weedy populations and 16 cultivars, which together represented all infraspecific taxa of C. pepo. Twenty-six primers yielded 70 scorable and variable markers. The presence/absence of bands for these markers produced a data matrix which was analyzed using cluster analysis, The analysis confirmed the relationships among infraspecific taxa that had been revealed, in part, in previous genetic analyses (e.g., isozymes, chloroplast DNA restriction-site mutations, inter simple sequence repeats). Also supported were findings of varying degrees of gene flow from cultivars into free-living populations. Some of the RAPID variation in subsp. ovifera var, ozarkana populations was found to be correlated with the distribution of the drainage systems along which these populations are dispersed, Finally, the RAPD results support the idea that transgenic gene flow experiments with free-living populations should consider using representatives from each of the three free-living taxa, as well as from genetically or ecologically distinct populations within these taxa. C1 Cucurbit Network, Miami, FL 33256 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Sakata Seed, Shizuoka 4360115, Japan. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Decker-Walters, DS (reprint author), Cucurbit Network, POB 560483, Miami, FL 33256 USA. RI Quemada, Hector/M-2848-2013 NR 37 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC PLANT TAXONOMISTS PI BRONX PA NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN, BRONX, NY 10458-5126 USA SN 0363-6445 J9 SYST BOT JI Syst. Bot. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 27 IS 1 BP 19 EP 28 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology SC Plant Sciences; Evolutionary Biology GA 529NR UT WOS:000174306000004 ER PT J AU Akin, DE Slomczynski, D Rigsby, LL Eriksson, KEL AF Akin, DE Slomczynski, D Rigsby, LL Eriksson, KEL TI Retting flax with endopolygalacturonase from Rhizopus oryzae SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CELL-WALL; ENZYMES; PECTIN; CALCIUM; FIBERS; STEMS; FUNGI AB Retting, which is the process of separating fibers from nonfiber tissues in bast plants, is the major problem in processing flax for linen, and new methods, especially enzyme retting, are being pursued to overcome this problem. Production of an endopolygalacturonase (EPG) from Rhizopus oryzae, which was isolated earlier from dew retted flax, is optimized, and the enzyme is subsequently purified and characterized. Purified EPG is evaluated for its efficiency in retting flax alone and in combination with other cell wall degrading enzymes. The Fried test, light and scanning electron microscopy, and fiber strength and fineness properties indicate that EPG alone (without additional enzymes) plus chelator gives retting efficiencies similar to previously used enzyme mixtures. The addition to EPG of pectin methyl esterase, pectin lyase, xylanase, or endoglucanase does not improve retting efficiency or strength and fineness properties of the retted flax fibers over EPG alone. Spray enzyme retting of a 50 g flax sample with EPG/chelator formulation produces retted flax fibers with strength and fineness properties similar to those retted with a commercial enzyme mixture. Our results indicate that EPG is of paramount importance in flax retting, and they suggest an opportunity, through cloning technology, to produce a consistently effective but simplified enzyme formulation for flax retting. C1 ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Akin, DE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 72 IS 1 BP 27 EP 34 DI 10.1177/004051750207200105 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 520DX UT WOS:000173766300005 ER PT J AU Blanchard, EJ Graves, EE AF Blanchard, EJ Graves, EE TI Polycarboxylic acids for flame resistant cotton/polyester carpeting SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FORMALDEHYDE AB Cut-pile cotton/polyester carpeting burns over the entire area upon ignition if the pile density of the carpet is sufficiently low. Chemical modification by esterification of cellulosic fibers results in restricted combustion properties. This allows such substrates to pass the standard flammability test for carpets and rugs. Cotton-containing carpeting spray treated with only 5-10% polycarboxylic acid and suitable catalyst exhibits satisfactory flame suppression properties. Appropriate polycarboxylic acids are 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA), citric acid, and maleic acid with catalysts such as sodium hypophosphite, sodium phosphate, or the partially neutralized salt of the acid. Chemical reaction and processing conditions required to achieve improved flame resistance on cotton-containing cut pile carpeting are presented. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Blanchard, EJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 13 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 72 IS 1 BP 39 EP 43 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 520DX UT WOS:000173766300007 ER PT J AU Casler, MD Buxton, DR Vogel, KP AF Casler, MD Buxton, DR Vogel, KP TI Genetic modification of lignin concentration affects fitness of perennial herbaceous plants SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE lignin; digestibility; selection; breeding; fitness; cold tolerance ID DRY-MATTER DIGESTIBILITY; CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; SMOOTH BROMEGRASS CLONES; DIVERGENT SELECTION; BROWN-MIDRIB; TOBACCO PLANTS; COA REDUCTASE; IMPACT; MAIZE; LIGNIFICATION AB Populations of four perennial herbaceous species that were genetically modified for altered lignin content (or associated forage digestibility) by conventional plant breeding were evaluated for two agricultural fitness traits, plant survival and plant biomass, in three Northcentral USA environments for more than 4 years. Reduced lignin concentration or increased digestibility resulted in increased winter mortality in two of four species and reduced biomass in one species. Results from other experiment indicate that these apparent genetic correlations may be ephemeral, suggesting that selection for fitness can be successful within high-digestibility or low-lignin germplasm. Results indicate that perennial plants genetically engineered with altered lignin concentration or composition for use in livestock, pulp and paper, or bioenergy production should be evaluated for fitness in field environments prior to use in agriculture. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr Clusters, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mdcasler@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 29 TC 76 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 EI 1432-2242 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 104 IS 1 BP 127 EP 131 DI 10.1007/s001220200015 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 521QD UT WOS:000173851500016 ER PT J AU Wall, RJ AF Wall, RJ TI New gene transfer methods SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Conference of the International-Embryo-Transfer-Society (IETS) CY JAN 12-15, 2002 CL FOZ IGUASSU, BRAZIL SP Int Embryo Transfer Soc DE transgenic; animals; livestock; genetic engineering; GMO ID GERM-LINE TRANSMISSION; FOREIGN DNA-SEQUENCES; MOUSE SPERM GENOME; RESTRICTION ENZYME; TRANSGENIC MICE; IN-VIVO; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION; BOVINE SPERMATOZOA AB The intentional introduction of recombinant DNA molecules into a living organism can be achieved in many ways. Viruses have been making a living by practicing gene transfer for millennia. Recently, man has gotten into the act. The paradigm employed is fairly straightforward. First, a way must be found to move genetic information across biological membrane barriers. Then, presumably, DNA repair mechanisms do the rest. The array of methods available to move DNA into the nucleus provides the flexibility necessary to transfer genes into cells as physically diverse as sperm and eggs. Some of the more promising alternative strategies such as sperm-mediated gene transfer, restriction enzyme-mediated integration. metaphase II transgenesis, and a new twist on retrovirus-mediated gene transfer will be discussed, among other methods. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20750 USA. RP Wall, RJ (reprint author), ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20750 USA. NR 80 TC 66 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 57 IS 1 SI SI BP 189 EP 201 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(01)00666-5 PG 13 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 502CH UT WOS:000172725800014 PM 11775969 ER PT J AU Dobrinsky, JR AF Dobrinsky, JR TI Advancements in cryopreservation of domestic animal embryos SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Conference of the International-Embryo-Transfer-Society (IETS) CY JAN 12-15, 2002 CL FOZ IGUASSU, BRAZIL SP Int Embryo Transfer Soc DE embryo; cryopreservation; vitrification; freezing; lipid ID STRAW OPS VITRIFICATION; VITRO PRODUCED EMBRYOS; LOW-TEMPERATURE PRESERVATION; IN-VITRO; PORCINE EMBRYOS; BOVINE BLASTOCYSTS; MOUSE EMBRYOS; NUCLEAR TRANSFER; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; CYTOCHALASIN-B AB The development of embryo freezing technologies revolutionized cattle breeding. Since then, advancements in cryobiology, cell biology, and domestic animal embryology have enabled the development of embryo preservation methodologies for our other domestic animal species, including sheep and goats. Recently, technologies have been developed to cryopreserve pig embryos, notorious for their extreme sensitivity to cooling; horse embryo cryopreservation is in its infancy. While cryopreservation can enhance the utilization of in vitro embryo production technologies, cryosurvival of in vitro-produced (IVP) or micromanipulated embryos is less than that of in vivo-derived embryos, This review outlines recent efforts in livestock embryo cryopreservation. In the near future, use of preserved embryos could be a routine breeding alternative for all livestock producers providing 1) preservation methods for maternal germplasm, 2) global genetic transport, 3) increased selection pressure within herds, 4) breeding line regeneration or proliferation, and 5) methodology for genetic rescue. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, GGPL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dobrinsky, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, GGPL, B200,R22, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 59 TC 103 Z9 117 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 57 IS 1 SI SI BP 285 EP 302 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(01)00672-0 PG 18 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 502CH UT WOS:000172725800020 PM 11775976 ER PT B AU Bonta, JV AF Bonta, JV GP ASAE ASAE TI Framework for estimating TMDLs with minimal data SO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL): ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) - Environmental Regulations CY MAR 11-13, 2002 CL FT WORTH, TX SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE duration curve; TMDL; water quality; erosion; risk assessment ID FLOW-DURATION CURVES AB Current regulations specify the derivation of total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) for surface waters. Yet these standards are often derived from incomplete information. In some cases these quantities are assigned to watersheds for which there are little data, and are established in terms of loads when only concentration data are available. Furthermore, they are often assigned under conservative conditions with no estimation of risk and uncertainty of the estimate. Flow-duration curves and regressions between flow rate and constituent concentration have historically been used to compute average total loads to determine water-quality trends. However, intermediate calculations in this methodology, not often used, have utility for TMDL estimation. From these intermediate calculations, one can determine the percent of time that a concentration and load (TMDL) will be exceeded, the duration of concentrations/loads, etc. The method can be used by itself or as a supplement to more complex watershed modeling. It is useful for determining the range of concentrations expected from a watershed, for characterizing actual instream conditions, and for tracking actual in-stream conditions after implementation of best-management practices. The method is simple to use, and is promising for areas where there are no flow data, and for which there are only a few samples. The concepts of the method are presented, along with those for using this method when data are scanty and for determining uncertainty in the TMDL estimates. C1 USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Bonta, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 488, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-24-7 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2002 BP 6 EP 12 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BW67Z UT WOS:000182805800002 ER PT B AU Lemunyon, JL Kuenstler, WF AF Lemunyon, JL Kuenstler, WF GP ASAE ASAE TI Nutrient management training provided by USDA NRCS SO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL): ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) - Environmental Regulations CY MAR 11-13, 2002 CL FT WORTH, TX SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE nutrients; nutrient management; management practices; conservation planning AB The USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service has implemented nutrient management planning via our conservation practice standard Nutrient Management (590). To prepare our field office staffs to guide landowners through the nutrient management planning process, we have developed a training course that delivers the technology, planning guidelines and environmental assessment tools they will require. While this course emphasizes the technical basis of nutrient management, it also presents the field methods for environmental assessment and conservation planning that are necessary to complete the nutrient management plan. This training is delivered in three phases: 1) a self-study text and workbook, requiring approximately 30 hours to complete. Participants must successfully complete a test over this material; 2) participating in a 20-hour facilitated discussion group. This locally-led session is designed to focus on local issues as they relate to nutrient management planning; 3) students return to their work location and develop a nutrient management plan. The plan will be reviewed for completeness and accuracy by the instructors of the facilitated session. The course material is available to anyone, inside or outside NRCS, who wishes to develop nutrient management plans. Registration and testing may be done on-line at http://www.nedc.nrcs.usda.gov/enrollment.htm. Continuing education units are available to those who successfully complete the course. C1 NRCS, USDA, Ft Worth, TX 76115 USA. RP Lemunyon, JL (reprint author), NRCS, USDA, POB 6567, Ft Worth, TX 76115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-24-7 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2002 BP 13 EP 17 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BW67Z UT WOS:000182805800003 ER PT B AU Zablotowicz, RM Locke, MA Lerch, R Knight, SS AF Zablotowicz, RM Locke, MA Lerch, R Knight, SS GP ASAE ASAE TI Herbicide concentrations observed in oxbow lakes of the Mississippi Delta MSEA project. SO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL): ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) - Environmental Regulations CY MAR 11-13, 2002 CL FT WORTH, TX SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers C1 SWSRU, USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Zablotowicz, RM (reprint author), SWSRU, USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-24-7 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2002 BP 75 EP 75 PG 1 WC Agricultural Engineering; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BW67Z UT WOS:000182805800012 ER PT B AU Knight, SS Cullum, RF Welch, TD Cooper, CM AF Knight, SS Cullum, RF Welch, TD Cooper, CM GP ASAE ASAE TI Sediment - Chlorophyll relationship in oxbow lakes in the Mississippi River alluvial plain SO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL): ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) - Environmental Regulations CY MAR 11-13, 2002 CL FT WORTH, TX SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE total maximum daily loads; water quality; sediment; chlorophyll; Oxbow Lakes AB Over the course of the past century, aquatic habitats have declined worldwide, primarily due to draining and clearing for agriculture and urban development. These activities often result in increased erosion and sedimentation with detrimental impacts on stream and lake water quality. It is estimated that 60% of the approximately 3 billion tons of sediment per year deposited in the waterways originates from agricultural lands. Oxbow lakes are remnants of meandering floodplain rivers that have been cut off and physically isolated from their respective main river channels. Long known for their productivity and recreational value, these naturally formed lakes have not escaped the detrimental effects of soil erosion. Consequently, their popularity as recreational resources has decreased as water quality and fisheries have declined. If suspended sediment concentrations are low enough to provide suitable light penetration, oxbow lakes provide conditions conducive to photosynthesis, primarily via phytoplankton, and may support a sustainable sport fishery. However, agricultural practices often result in soil erosion that can lead to increased turbidity in the oxbow lakes and subsequent inhibition of photosynthesis. Turbidity in oxbow lakes can be persistent in areas having soils with high clay content. Although nutrients such as phosphorus are typically associated with alluvial soils and tend to load in oxbow lakes, these systems may become energy starved and very unproductive due to lack of light penetration. In order to establish reasonable Total Maximum Daily Loads for these types of systems, critical concentrations of total or suspended sediments, necessary to elicit a corresponding increase in chlorophyll, must be established. Oxbow lake water quality data collected from various research projects by the authors suggests that critical concentrations for suspended sediments may be established. This paper examines the relationship between suspended sediments, chlorophyll, and lake ecology and suggests a possible critical concentration for suspended sediment TMDL. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Knight, SS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-24-7 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2002 BP 76 EP 82 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BW67Z UT WOS:000182805800013 ER PT B AU Cullum, RF Knight, SS Lizotte, RE Cooper, CM AF Cullum, RF Knight, SS Lizotte, RE Cooper, CM GP ASAE ASAE TI Water quality from oxbow lakes within the Mississippi Delta Management Systems Evaluation Area SO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL): ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) - Environmental Regulations CY MAR 11-13, 2002 CL FT WORTH, TX SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE best management practices; chlorophyll; water quality; TMDL; oxbow lakes AB Objectives of this paper were to examine and document pre-management water quality conditions on three oxbow lakes and resulting changes following the implementation of Best Management Practices within the Mississippi Delta Management Systems Evaluation Area (MSEA). Aquatic habitats have declined worldwide over the last decade. This decline can be attributed to the draining and clearing of these habitat areas for other agricultural uses. Non-point source pollution associated with agricultural runoff has also contributed to the decline in aquatic habitats. The Mississippi Delta MSEA is a competitive agricultural systems-based research project designed to address the problems associated with non-point source pollutants. This project is unique among MSEA projects because of its location in the Mississippi River alluvial plain and its strong ecological research component. Experimental design of the Mississippi Delta MSEA called for the development of structural and cultural treatments to reduce sediment and associated pollutants entering watershed oxbow lakes. Three watersheds within the project were selected and developed with different levels of best management practices (BMPs). Changes in lake water quality and fisheries characteristics were used as measures of management success. Analyses of water quality prior to die implementation of BMPs indicated lakes that were stressed and ecologically damaged due to excessive in-flowing sediments, Significant improvements in water quality were realized through the use of cultural and structural BMPs. Sediments were decreased 34 to 59%, while Secchi visibility and chlorophyll generally increased. The most dramatic improvements in water quality occurred in the two watersheds that featured cultural practices and combinations of cultural and structural practices, respectively. Reducing suspended sediment concentrations in these oxbow lakes resulted in conditions favorable for phytoplankton production. Increases in phytoplankton production resulted in increased chlorophyll concentrations and higher concentrations of dissolved oxygen, leading to improved secondary productivity. Results further indicated that cultural BMPS may play the more vital role in improving lake water quality and may be needed in addition to structural measures to ensure improved water quality in oxbow lakes receiving agricultural runoff. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Proc Res Unit, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Cullum, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Water Qual & Ecol Proc Res Unit, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-24-7 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2002 BP 83 EP 91 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BW67Z UT WOS:000182805800014 ER PT B AU Bosch, D Lowrance, R Vellidis, G Sheridan, J Williams, R AF Bosch, D Lowrance, R Vellidis, G Sheridan, J Williams, R GP ASAE ASAE TI Dissolved oxygen and stream flow rates: Implications for TMDL's SO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL): ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) - Environmental Regulations CY MAR 11-13, 2002 CL FT WORTH, TX SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Bosch, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-24-7 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2002 BP 92 EP 92 PG 1 WC Agricultural Engineering; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BW67Z UT WOS:000182805800015 ER PT B AU Simon, A Kuhnle, R Dickerson, W Griffith, M AF Simon, A Kuhnle, R Dickerson, W Griffith, M GP ASAE ASAE TI "Reference" and enhanced rates of suspended-sediment transport for tJse in developing clean-sediment TMDL's SO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL): ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) - Environmental Regulations CY MAR 11-13, 2002 CL FT WORTH, TX SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers ID DISCHARGE; STREAMS; RIVER C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Simon, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-24-7 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2002 BP 151 EP 162 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BW67Z UT WOS:000182805800026 ER PT B AU Daniel, JA Elmendorf, D AF Daniel, JA Elmendorf, D GP ASAE ASAE TI Impoundment water quality from two mixed land-use agricultural watersheds SO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL): ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) - Environmental Regulations CY MAR 11-13, 2002 CL FT WORTH, TX SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers ID PHOSPHORUS; RUNOFF AB Two mixed land-use agricultural watersheds, each with four successive surface impoundments, were used for nutrient movement comparison in surface runoff Both watersheds are mixed land-use with grazed rangeland and winter-wheat, however, one has an upstream dairy operation. Surface impoundments within each watershed were sampled monthly from winter to summer and analyzed for nitrate-nitrogen, bioavailable and water-soluble phosphorus. Results suggest that water quality in surface impoundments in the watershed with the dairy operation was impacted more than the other watershed. While no difference was found with nitrate-nitrogen concentrations for either watershed, bioavailable and water-soluble phosphorus concentrations were found to be higher in the watershed associated with the dairy operation. However, these levels decreased downstream of the dairy operation suggesting the surface impoundments mitigated some of the adverse water quality impacts of bioavailable and water-soluble phosphorus. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Daniel, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-24-7 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2002 BP 173 EP 178 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BW67Z UT WOS:000182805800030 ER PT B AU Hatfield, JL Prueger, JH Sauer, TJ AF Hatfield, JL Prueger, JH Sauer, TJ GP ASAE ASAE TI Dynamics of water and nitrogen interactions as a base for reducing nutrient loss at the watershed scale SO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL): ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) - Environmental Regulations CY MAR 11-13, 2002 CL FT WORTH, TX SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50248 USA. RP Hatfield, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50248 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-24-7 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2002 BP 181 EP 181 PG 1 WC Agricultural Engineering; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BW67Z UT WOS:000182805800033 ER PT B AU Grigg, BC Kornecki, TS Fouss, JL Southwick, LM AF Grigg, BC Kornecki, TS Fouss, JL Southwick, LM GP ASAE ASAE TI Agrochemical and erosion management in sugarcane to reduce surface water impairment in the Gulf Coastal Region SO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL): ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) - Environmental Regulations CY MAR 11-13, 2002 CL FT WORTH, TX SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE agrochemical; nitrate; phosphate; runoff; soil erosion; sugarcane; residue; management systems C1 USDA ARS, MSA Soil & Water Res, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Grigg, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, MSA Soil & Water Res, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-24-7 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2002 BP 192 EP 192 PG 1 WC Agricultural Engineering; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BW67Z UT WOS:000182805800039 ER PT B AU Yuan, Y Bingner, RL Rebich, RA AF Yuan, Y Bingner, RL Rebich, RA GP ASAE ASAE TI Application of AnnAGNPS for analysis of nitrogen loadings from a small agricultural watershed in the Mississippi delta SO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL): ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) - Environmental Regulations CY MAR 11-13, 2002 CL FT WORTH, TX SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE water quality modeling; AnnAGNPS; nitrogen; loading ID MODEL; AGNPS AB The Annualized Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution model (AnnAGNPS 2.0) has been developed as a technological tool that can be used to estimate watershed response to agricultural management practices. AnnAGNPS 2.0 has been used for the Deep Hollow watershed of the Mississippi Delta Management System Evaluation Area (MDMSEA) project for nitrogen loadings assessment. From sensitivity analyses, soil initial nitrogen concentration and crop nitrogen uptake had the most impact on the nitrogen loadings. AnnAGNPS 2:0 predicted results were compared with MDMSEA monitored data in order to test the prediction capability of the model. Test results show that AnnAGNPS provides a reasonable estimate (127%) of long term monthly and annual nitrogen loadings. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Yuan, Y (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-24-7 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2002 BP 268 EP 279 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BW67Z UT WOS:000182805800051 ER PT B AU Savabi, MR Shinde, D Flanagan, D Arnold, J AF Savabi, MR Shinde, D Flanagan, D Arnold, J GP ASAE ASAE TI Everglades Agro-Hydrology Computer Model (EAHM)- nutrients and pesticides fate and transport SO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL): ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) - Environmental Regulations CY MAR 11-13, 2002 CL FT WORTH, TX SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE modeling; nonpoint source pollution; water quality; phoshporus; nitrogen AB Non-point source water pollutants resulting from agricultural areas have been implicated as a source of water quality degradation in south Florida. The nutrients loading from agricultural and urban areas has increased nutrient concentrations, particularly phosphorus at the Everglades National Park. It is reported that nutrient-enriched waters affect vegetation type and patterns. A computer model, Everglades-Agro-Hydrology Model (EAHM) has been developed to evaluate the impact of agricultural practices on the water quality of the region. The objective of this study is to present the nutrients and pesticides components of the EAHM. C1 USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Savabi, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Hort Res Stn, Miami, FL 33158 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-24-7 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2002 BP 287 EP 294 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BW67Z UT WOS:000182805800054 ER PT B AU Smith, S Dabney, SM Cooper, CM AF Smith, S Dabney, SM Cooper, CM GP ASAE ASAE TI Vegetative barriers affect surface water quality leaving edge-of-field drainage pipes in the Mississippi Delta SO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL): ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) - Environmental Regulations CY MAR 11-13, 2002 CL FT WORTH, TX SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers DE water quality; BMPs; field drainage; TMDLs; watersheds; pesticides; nutrients; sediment; runoff AB Modified edge-of-field surface drainage pipes [slotted-board riser (SBR) pipes and slotted-inlet (SI) pipes] in the Beasley Lake watershed within the long-term, multi-agency Mississippi Delta MSEA (Management Systems Evaluation Area) project are being compared for their effectiveness in improving edge-of-field water quality. The SBR pipes have boards installed to impound water during the winter. Pipes [46-56 cm diameter (18-22")] are instrumented to facilitate automated collection of field runoff on a flow proportional basis. Instrumentation is relatively simple and compact, and involves an area-velocity flow logger and a small automated composite runoff sampler. The configuration is significantly less costly and less labor intensive than the traditional instrumentation involving a flume, larger instrument shelter (typically 1.2 m x 1.8 m or larger), flow-measuring device (typically a stage recorder), and full-size sampler. Runoff is being analyzed for pesticides, nutrients, and sediment concentrations. Discharge from pipes with and without upslope stiff grass hedges [switch grass (Panicum virgatum, Alamo variety)] are being compared from fields planted with no-tillage to Roundup-Ready(R) Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). As this research is only recently underway, the purpose of the paper is to describe in detail the instrumentation, site setup, and treatments, as well as to present some early findings. The results of this research are expected to help the development of new tools, which may offer alternatives for runoff remediation and improve TMDL development accuracy. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Smith, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, 598 McElroy Dr,POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-24-7 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2002 BP 454 EP 465 PG 12 WC Agricultural Engineering; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BW67Z UT WOS:000182805800080 ER PT B AU Elliot, WJ AF Elliot, WJ GP ASAE ASAE TI Predicting sediment TMDLs for forest conditions with the WEPP model SO TOTAL MAXIMUM DAILY LOAD (TMDL): ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS, PROCEEDINGS SE ASAE PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) - Environmental Regulations CY MAR 11-13, 2002 CL FT WORTH, TX SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID USA. RP Elliot, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Moscow, ID USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-24-7 J9 ASAE PUBL PY 2002 BP 554 EP 559 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA BW67Z UT WOS:000182805800095 ER PT J AU Dunham, JB Cade, BS Terrell, JW AF Dunham, JB Cade, BS Terrell, JW TI Influences of spatial and temporal variation on fish-habitat relationships defined by regression quantiles SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CUTTHROAT TROUT; STREAM FISH; MODELS; VARIABILITY; COMMUNITIES; SALMONIDS; FEATURES; DENSITY; NEVADA; RIVER AB We used regression quantiles to model potentially limiting relationships between the standing crop of cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki and measures of stream channel morphology. Regression quantile models indicated that variation in fish density was inversely related to the width:depth ratio of streams but not to stream width or depth alone. The spatial and temporal stability of model predictions were examined across years and streams, respectively. Variation in fish density with width:depth ratio (10th-90th regression quantiles) modeled for streams sampled in 1993-1997 predicted the variation observed in 1998-1999, indicating similar habitat relationships across years. Both linear and nonlinear models described the limiting relationships well, the latter performing slightly better. Although estimated relationships were transferable in time, results were strongly dependent on the influence of spatial variation in fish density among streams. Density changes with width:depth ratio in a single stream were responsible for the significant (P < 0.10) negative slopes estimated for the higher quantiles (>80th). This Suggests that stream-scale factors other than width:depth ratio play a more direct role in determining population density. Much of the variation in densities of cutthroat trout among streams was attributed to the occurrence of nonnative brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis (a possible competitor) or connectivity to migratory habitats. Regression quantiles can be useful for estimating the effects of limiting factors when ecological responses are highly variable, but our results indicate that spatiotemporal variability in the data should be explicitly considered. In this study, data from individual streams and stream-specific characteristics (e.g., the occurrence of nonnative species and habitat connectivity) strongly affected our interpretation of the relationship between width:depth ratio and fish density. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Dunham, JB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 316 E Myrtle, Boise, ID 83702 USA. NR 48 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 131 IS 1 BP 86 EP 98 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0086:IOSATV>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 514AC UT WOS:000173412800007 ER PT J AU Harvey, BC White, JL Nakamoto, RJ AF Harvey, BC White, JL Nakamoto, RJ TI Habitat relationships and larval drift of native and nonindigenous fishes in neighboring tributaries of a coastal California river SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EEL-RIVER; WATER TEMPERATURE; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; STREAM FISHES; ECOLOGY; STEELHEAD; SCULPIN; TROUT; SIZE AB Motivated by a particular interest in the distribution of the nonindigenous, piscivorous Sacramento pikeminnow ptychocheilus grandis, we examined fish-habitat relationships in small tributaries (draining 20-200 km(2)) in the Eel River drainage of northwestern California. We sampled juvenile and adult fish in 15 tributaries in both the summer and fall of 1995 and attempted to relate the densities of the most abundant species to physical variables. To determine which species used small tributaries for spawning, we also collected drifting larval fish during the spring of 1996 and 1997. Water temperature, as measured by maximum weekly average temperature, dominated the relationships between physical variables and the densities of age-0 Sacramento pikeminnow, age-0 steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss, California roach Hesperoleucus symmetricus (also known as Lavinia symmetricus), and Sacramento sucker Catostomus occidentalis. Of these groups, only age-0 steelhead were most abundant in cool tributaries. In contrast to results for these groups, temperature regime, instream cover, summer discharge, and water depth contributed approximately equally to the best-fitting models of post-age-0 steelhead abundance. Drift samples revealed widespread use of tributaries for reproduction by both native species and the nonindigenous California roach. We also found drifting larval Sacramento pikeminnows in five streams that ranged widely in size. Temperature regimes in many Eel River tributaries have been affected by both human activities and large floods over the last 50 years. This study suggests that (1) these changes in temperature regime enhanced invasion of the drainage by nonindigenous fishes and (2) management efforts that alter temperature regimes in Eel River tributaries will have significant consequences for the composition of fish assemblages in general and for the effects of Sacramento pikeminnow in particular. C1 US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Harvey, BC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 131 IS 1 BP 159 EP 170 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0159:HRALDO>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 514AC UT WOS:000173412800013 ER PT J AU Tsay, J Ozkan, HE Brazee, RD Fox, RD AF Tsay, J Ozkan, HE Brazee, RD Fox, RD TI CFD simulation of moving spray shields SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE moving shield; CFD simulation; FLUENT AB Most wind tunnel experiments pertaining to shielded spraying have been conducted under stationary conditions. In field experiments, the interest has always focused on the investigation of drift amount. No information about the effect of a moving shield is available, not to mention the effect of travel speed and travel direction on drift reduction. In this study, by using the FLUENT computational fluid dynamics software pack-age, a double foil shield was used to investigate the effect of a moving shield on drift reduction under different travel speeds and travel directions (upwind and downwind). Related information on conventional spraying without shields was included. In addition, the moving effect of mechanical and pneumatic shields in a three-dimensional flow with only one droplet release nozzle was further compared. Results of this study indicated that local relative velocity plays an important role in controlling the drift potential of a moving sprayer: the higher the local relative velocity the greater the drift potential. When the sprayer moves upwind, drift potential increases slightly with increased travel speed. However when the sprayer moves downwind, drift potential decreases inversely with increased travel speed, as long as travel speed is less than wind velocity. For the double foil shield, moving upwind produced less drift potential than moving downwind. Simulation results of comparing three-dimensional shields showed that the double foil shield provided a drift reduction of 60.6% and 29.3% over conventional spraying when traveling upwind and downwind, respectively, at a speed of 1.34 m s(-1). The moving pneumatic shield with the best operating setting provided excellent control of drift reduction for both upwind and downwind traveling at a speed of 1.34 m s(-1). C1 Ohio State Univ, FABE Dept, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH USA. Taiwan Agr Res Inst, Dept Agr Engn, Taichung, Taiwan. RP Ozkan, HE (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, FABE Dept, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 45 IS 1 BP 21 EP 26 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 544TE UT WOS:000175176100003 ER PT J AU Kirk, IW AF Kirk, IW TI Measurement and prediction of helicopter spray nozzle atomization SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE aerial sprays; aircraft; helicopter; nozzles; spray; droplets; models AB Spray droplet spectra classification is a relatively new term that is already appearing on some product labels to assist applicators in controlling spray drift. Descriptions of droplet spectra classification ranging front very fine to extremely coarse have specific droplet Size range definitions. Aerial applicators have long beet? familiar with the fact that small droplets are more prone to drift than large droplets, but information on spray droplet size or droplet spectra classification front a given set of aerial application conditions has not been easy to assess. Product labels with requirements for applying the product with a given droplet spectra classification mandate that applicators know and comply with that specification. Applicators must know the droplet spectra classification category produced by the nozzles and operational conditions for their aircraft. A survey of helicopter operators was conducted to determine the spray nozzles and operating conditions in predominant use by the rotary-wing spray application industry. This information was used to design and conduct a series of wind tunnel atomization studies and to subsequently develop a series of computer spreadsheet models. Helicopter applicators can select a model for their nozzles and input their specific operational conditions into the spreadsheet model to determine droplet spectra classification category, volume median diameter, relative span, and percentage of fine droplets subject to spray drift. This capability will permit helicopter operators to comply with crop protection label requirements for applying sprays with a specific droplet spectra classification and to adjust operating conditions to mitigate spray drift. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Kirk, IW (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 45 IS 1 BP 27 EP 37 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 544TE UT WOS:000175176100004 ER PT J AU Tsay, J Fox, RD Ozkan, HE Brazee, RD Derksen, RC AF Tsay, J Fox, RD Ozkan, HE Brazee, RD Derksen, RC TI Evaluation of a pneumatic-shielded spraying system by CFD simulation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE FLUENT; simulation; air jet; sprayer shields; drift reduction; air-assisted ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; DRIFT; DROPLETS; MODEL AB Shielding spray booms is one strategy recommended for reducing spray drift. Although many studies related to mechanical shields show positive effect on reducing spray drift, little information about the use of pneumatic shields is available. In this study, several pneumatic shield designs were rated based on drift potential by means of the FLUENT computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package. For relative comparisons, conventional spraying using nozzles, air-assisted spraying, and air-shear spraying were included in the analysis. Results of this study indicate that not all simulated cases of pneumatic-shielded spraying provided better drift control. To ensure reduced drift potential and to reduce power required for pneumatic-shielded spraying, optimal operating parameters for the dominant variables appeared to be a jet velocity of 40 m s(-1), a jet flow rate of 1.7 m(3) s(-1) m(-1) of boom length, and a jet angle of 15degrees forward. Optimal operating parameters, obtained from analysis of variance, were similar to results from previous studies on air-assisted and air-shear spraying. Pneumatic-shielded spraying, with proper choice of operating parameters, may be a suitable alternative to reduce spray drift. C1 Taiwan Agr Res Inst, Dept Agr Engn, Taichung 413, Taiwan. Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, Applicat Technol Res Unit, Wooster, OH USA. RP Tsay, J (reprint author), Taiwan Agr Res Inst, Dept Agr Engn, 189 Chung Cheng Rd, Taichung 413, Taiwan. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 45 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 544TE UT WOS:000175176100006 ER PT J AU Kincaid, DC AF Kincaid, DC TI The WEPP model for runoff and erosion prediction under sprinkler irrigation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting of the American-Society-of-Agricultural-Engineering CY JUL 17-22, 1999 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Amer Soc Agr Engn DE sprinkler irrigation; infiltration; runoff; erosion; WEPP ID SOIL-EROSION; INFILTRATION; TECHNOLOGY AB Potential runoff and erosion is a serious problem for some types of sprinkler irrigation systems, particularly traveling laterals and center pivots on medium- to heavy-textured soils operating on sloping land. Prediction of when runoff might occur is pail of the system design process. The USDA-ARS Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model was tested with 3 years of field data under high-rate sprinklers in southern Idaho. Runoff and soil loss were measured on the upper, middle, and lower portions of a hillslope. The main parameter affecting infiltration and runoff was the effective hydraulic conductivity. Model predictions for average runoff and soil loss were improved when hydraulic conductivity values were adjusted to account for soil variability across the field. Runoff amounts were small, and prediction variability or individual furrows was quite high, but no more than would be expected from previous studies of infiltration variability. Soil loss predictions were unreliable for the small runoff amounts occurring in this study. The most reasonable use of WEPP for sprinkler irrigation would be for estimating when potential runoff might occur under center pivots for different soils, slopes, and crop management practices, and to determine limits on application depths and rates to avoid serious runoff. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Kincaid, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 45 IS 1 BP 67 EP 72 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 544TE UT WOS:000175176100008 ER PT J AU Vellidis, G Lowrance, R Gay, P Wauchope, RD AF Vellidis, G Lowrance, R Gay, P Wauchope, RD TI Herbicide transport in a restored riparian forest buffer system SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE riparian; buffer; forest; herbicide; transport; atrazine; alachlor; groundwater; runoff ID ATRAZINE; ALACHLOR; STRIPS; RUNOFF AB Little is known about the effects of restored riparian forest buffers on transport of herbicides. The effect of a restored riparian forest buffer system (RFBS) on transport of two herbicides, atrazine and alachlor was studied during 1993-1994. Herbicides were applied above a restored 3-zone riparian buffer system in April of 1993 and 1994. Bromide was applied as a tracer with the April 1993 herbicide application. The buffer system was managed based on USDA recommendations and averaged 38 m in width. The system included a grass buffer strip immediately adjacent to the application area (zone 3), an area of planted pines downslope from the grass buffer (zone 2), and a narrow area of planted hardwoods containing the stream channel system (zone 1). Most of the herbicide transport in surface runoff occurred before June 30 with about 250 mm of cumulative rainfall after herbicide application. During this period of higher herbicide transport, atrazine and alachlor concentrations averaging 12.7 mug L-1 and 1.3 mug L-1, respectively, at the field edge were reduced to 0.66 mug L-1 and 0.06 mug L-1, respectively, as runoff neared the stream. The effect of dilution versus other concentration reduction factors (infiltration, adsorption) was estimated for surface runoff using the bromide concentration data. Concentration reduction was greatest per meter of flow length in the grass buffer adjacent to the field. There was only minor transport of herbicides through the buffer system in shallow groundwater Average herbicide concentrations were at or below detection limits in groundwater near the stream for the entire study period. The restored riparian forest buffer had similar effects on herbicide transport as a mature buffer. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Vellidis, G (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 17 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 45 IS 1 BP 89 EP 97 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 544TE UT WOS:000175176100011 ER PT J AU Bauer, PJ Camp, CR Busscher, WJ AF Bauer, PJ Camp, CR Busscher, WJ TI Conservation tillage methods for cotton grown with subsurface drip irrigation on compacted soil SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE soil strength; trickle irrigation; cotton yield; cotton fiber quality AB Subsurface drip irrigation and conservation tillage are tools for improving water management for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). In previous research with cotton grown with no tillage over subsurface drip laterals, excessive soil compaction near the soil surface occurred. We hypothesized that loosening this compacted surface soil would improve cotton productivity. We tested this hypothesis by conducting a 2-year field experiment to determine the effect of three levels of soil loosening (no tillage, shallow in-row tillage with a rigid shank, and shallow tillage with a stubble mulch plow to loosen the entire surface layer of soil) and two drip lateral spacings (under every row and in every other row middle; 1-m and 2-m spacings, respectively) on early-season physiological parameters and productivity face drip irrigation cotton. The subsurface system had been used for 7 years before initiating this experiment. Early-season cotton leaf gas exchange, leaf nutrient concentrations, yield, and fiber quality, were measured. The tillage implements loosened the soil as expected (as determined with a cone penetrometer), but the level of soil loosening had almost no effect on leaf gas exchange and leaf nutrient status. Similarly, tillage and lateral spacing did not affect cotton yield and quality. Yields were not high (mean yield of 1215 kg/hain 1998 and 700 kg/hain 1999) but were not atypical for irrigated yields in this region during those years. Conservation tillage methods that include shallow tillage over drip laterals on compacted SE coastal plain soils did not improve cotton productivity. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Bauer, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 45 IS 1 BP 119 EP 125 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 544TE UT WOS:000175176100014 ER EF