FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Hamada, JS AF Hamada, JS TI Scale-up potential of ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography method to produce biologically active inositol phosphates SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Preparative and Process Chromatography CY MAY 13-16, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. DE preparative chromatography; inositol phosphates; phosphates; phytic acid ID FOODS; PHYTATE AB This study was undertaken to evaluate the possibility that an analytical ion-pair HPLC procedure used to determine phytic acid (IP6) and its degradation products (IP3-IP5) can be transformed to a preparative purification method. A commercial phytic acid (CPA) preparation was separated into its component fractions of IP3, IP4, IP5, and IP6 on two C-18 columns (1.8 and 4.2 ml) using 51% methanol containing 0.6-1% tetrabutylammonium hydroxide as ion-pair reagent and 0-0.025 M formic acid (pH 4.3) as eluent at 1.7 and 3.0 cm/min linear velocity, respectively, and 40degreesC. Elution was monitored at 40degreesC by a refractive index detector. Reproducible separation of CPA into four well-resolved peaks on these columns was possible after optimizing method variables, particularly the concentration of ion-pair reagent in the injected sample (> 1.5%). The same separations were obtained after CPA loads were scaled up 25 times on a steel column (15 cm X 19 mm I.D.), packed with Ethyl C-2 sorbent (10 mum) and on a 25 cmX21.2 mm I.D. C-18 column, but at a reduced linear velocity to increase the resolution. Therefore, this optimization of separation not only is useful for analysis of phytic acid and its degradation products but also it provides key parameters for scale up for further fractionation and characterization. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Hamada, JS (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19867, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 25 PY 2002 VL 944 IS 1-2 BP 241 EP 248 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01267-5 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 512LT UT WOS:000173326400021 PM 11831759 ER PT J AU French, AD Johnson, GP Kelterer, AM Dowd, MK Cramer, CJ AF French, AD Johnson, GP Kelterer, AM Dowd, MK Cramer, CJ TI QM/MM distortion energies in di- and oligosaccharides complexed with proteins (vol 84, pg 416, 2001) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Correction C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Graz Tech Univ, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Inst Supercomp, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP French, AD (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RI Cramer, Christopher/B-6179-2011 OI Cramer, Christopher/0000-0001-5048-1859 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD JAN 20 PY 2002 VL 86 IS 3 BP 322 EP 322 DI 10.1002/qua.10090 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 506PX UT WOS:000172981900009 ER PT J AU Glahn, RP Wortley, GM South, PK Miller, DD AF Glahn, RP Wortley, GM South, PK Miller, DD TI Inhibition of iron uptake by phytic acid, tannic acid, and ZnCl2: Studies using an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE iron; zinc; bioavailability; phytic acid; tannic acid; in vitro digestion; Caco-2 ID CULTURE MODEL; ZINC-ABSORPTION; DIETARY FACTORS; BIOAVAILABILITY; AVAILABILITY; WOMEN; MEAT AB The objective of this study was to document the effects of phytic acid, tannic acid, and zinc on iron uptake in an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture model. The effects of phytic acid and tannic acid on iron uptake were measured at increasing molar ratios of FeCl3 to phytic acid or tannic acid. Maximal inhibition of iron uptake by phytic acid occurred at a 1:10 ratio of Fe to phytic acid. Dialyzable Fe decreased with a low Fe to phytic acid ratio but increased with Fe:phytic acid ratios greater than 1:3 indicating that more iron was soluble at higher phytic acid levels but less available. As in human studies, heme iron was less inhibited by phytic acid than nonheme iron. Tannic acid was a more potent inhibitor of nonheme iron uptake, as maximal inhibition (97.5%) of iron uptake occurred at a ratio of 1:1 or less. The addition of ZnCl2 to the digest at ratios of 1:0.5 and 1:1 decreased iron uptake by 57 and 80%, respectively. Overall, the results agree qualitatively with studies in humans and demonstrate the relative effects of these compounds on iron uptake in this model system. This study provides key information for determining iron availability under more complex meal conditions. C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Glahn, RP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 21 TC 115 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 16 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 2 BP 390 EP 395 DI 10.1021/jf011046u PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 510NQ UT WOS:000173214500025 PM 11782213 ER PT J AU Joseph, JA Fisher, DR Strain, J AF Joseph, JA Fisher, DR Strain, J TI Muscarinic receptor subtype determines vulnerability to oxidative stress in COS-7 cells SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE free radicals; dopamine; muscarinic receptor subtype; COS-7 cells; calcium buffering; PBN ID AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN; AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; CALCIUM DYSREGULATION; RAT-BRAIN; PC12 CELLS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; STRIATAL DOPAMINE; FISCHER-344 RATS AB Research has suggested that there may be increased brain-region selective vulnerability to oxidative stress in a aging and that Vulnerability to oxidative stress may be important in determining regional differences in neuronal aging. We assessed whether one factor determining vulnerability to oxidative stress might involve qualitative/quantitative differences in receptor subtypes in various neuronal populations. COS-7 cells were transfected with one of five muscarinic receptor subtypes (M1-M5 AChR) to DA (1 mM for 4 h) and intracellular Ca2+ levels were examined via fluorescent imaging analysis prior to and following 750 muM oxotremorine (oxo). Results indicated that the ability of the cells to clear excess Ca2+ (i.e., Ca2+ Recovery) following oxo-stimulation varied as a function of transfected mAChR subtype, with DA-treated M1, M2, or M4 cells showing greater decrements in Recovery than those transfected with M3 or M5 AChR. A similar pattern of results in M1- or M3-transfected DA-exposed cells was seen with respect to Viability. Viability, of the untransfected cells was unaffected by DA. Pretreatment with Trolox (a Vitamin E analog) or PBN (a nitrone trapping agent) did not alter the DA effects on cell Recovery, in the M1-transfected cells, but were effective in preventing the decrements in Viability. The calcium channel antagonists (L and N, respectively), Nifedipine and Conotoxin prevented both the DA-induced deficits in Recovery and Viability. Results are discussed in terms of receptor involvement in the regional differences in Vulnerability to oxidative stress with age, and that loss of neuronal function may not inevitably lead to cell death. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Joseph, JA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 84 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 32 IS 2 BP 153 EP 161 DI 10.1016/S0891-5849(01)00779-1 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 514BJ UT WOS:000173416100007 PM 11796204 ER PT J AU Simon, A Darby, SE AF Simon, A Darby, SE TI Effectiveness of grade-control structures in reducing erosion along incised river channels: the case of Hotophia Creek, Mississippi SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hotophia Creek; grade-control structures; sediment yield; erosion control; applied geomorphology ID NEW-SOUTH-WALES; WOLUMLA CATCHMENT; AUSTRALIA; REHABILITATION; MODEL AB Herein, we undertake a geomorphological analysis in which spatial and temporal trends of bed and bank erosion along an 18-km length of Hotophia Creek, Mississippi, are estimated for the period between 1961 and 2050. The evaluation was undertaken for two scenarios of channel response to channelization during 1961 - 1963. One scenario represents the 'actual' response of the channel and includes the effects of installing a series: of grade-control structures (GCS) between 1980 and 1996, while the other represents a hypothetical scenario in which the channel is left to adjust naturally. This allows the effectiveness of GCS in reducing in-channel erosion to be assessed. The analysis relies on the availability of channel survey data to develop empirical bed and bank response models for each adjustment scenario, supplemented by bank stability modelling to predict future rates of bank erosion. Results indicate that channel erosion rates decline nonlinearly with respect to time since 1961, for both adjustment scenarios. However, by the year 2050, the "with" GCS adjustment scenario results in. the cumulative removal of some 663,000 (9%) extra tonnes of sediment relative to the "without" GCS scenario. Most (63%) of this excess is derived from enhanced bed erosion during 1976-1985 and 1985-1,992, with the remainder derived from increased bank erosion during 1985-1992. Detailed analysis of the patterns of erosion and deposition, and their association with the GCS, provides evidence to support the view that GCS installed along Hotophia Creek have, for the most part, been ineffective in reducing channel erosion rates. This is because the GCS were installed too late to prevent bed degradation, caused by the 1961 - 1963 channelization, migrating upstream. In addition, some structures have disrupted the downstream transmission of bed material from eroded reaches upstream, exacerbating bed degradation and bank erosion in incised reaches downstream. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Univ Southampton, Dept Geog, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Simon, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, 598 McElroy Dr,POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RI Darby, Stephen/J-5799-2012 NR 60 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3-4 BP 229 EP 254 DI 10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00088-5 PG 26 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 511ZD UT WOS:000173295900005 ER PT J AU Goff, WL Johnson, WC Parish, SM Barrington, GM Elsasser, TH Davis, WC Valdez, RA AF Goff, WL Johnson, WC Parish, SM Barrington, GM Elsasser, TH Davis, WC Valdez, RA TI IL-4 and IL-10 inhibition of IFN-gamma- and TNF-alpha-dependent nitric oxide production from bovine mononuclear phagocytes exposed to Babesia bovis merozoites SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bovine; monocyte/macrophage; cytokines; iNOS/nitric oxide; Babesia bovis ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INTERFERON-GAMMA; PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; DIFFERENTIATION STAGE; SYNTHASE EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO; INDUCTION; INTERLEUKIN-10; MATURATION; BACTERIA AB The requirement for IFN-gamma and/or TNF-alpha as co-stimulants with Babesia bovis merozoites for nitric oxide (NO) production was examined, as well as the regulatory role of IL-4 and IL-10. Purified B. bovis merozoites did not induce the production of NO in undifferentiated monocytes without addition of exogenous IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha unless the monocytes taken ex vivo were producing TNF-alpha endogenously. Under the latter condition, the NO production resulting from merozoite stimulation remained IFN-gamma-dependent. There was no evidence for endogenous synthesis of TNF-alpha in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), and merozoites alone were incapable of inducing TNF-alpha mRNA in MDM. However, while merozoites plus IFN-gamma induced TNF-alpha mRNA expression in MDM, NO was not produced. Both IL-4 and IL-10 inhibited expression of iNOS and production of NO in merozoite-stimulated monocytes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. ARS, USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Anim & Nutr Res Inst,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Goff, WL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, ARS, 3003 ADBF,POB 646630, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 31 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 84 IS 3-4 BP 237 EP 251 DI 10.1016/S0165-2427(01)00413-5 PG 15 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 514DJ UT WOS:000173422600009 PM 11777537 ER PT J AU Baerends, RJS Sulter, GJ Jeffries, TW Cregg, JM Veenhuis, M AF Baerends, RJS Sulter, GJ Jeffries, TW Cregg, JM Veenhuis, M TI Molecular characterization of the Hansenula polymorpha FLD1 gene encoding formaldehyde dehydrogenase SO YEAST LA English DT Article DE heterologous gene expression; methylotrophic yeast; methanol metabolism ID YEAST PICHIA-PASTORIS; CLASS-III ALCOHOL; METHYLOTROPHIC YEASTS; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; EXPRESSION; PEROXISOMES; BIOGENESIS; PROMOTER; NITROGEN; CLONING AB Glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FLD) is a key enzyme required for the catabolism of methanol as a carbon source and certain primary amines. such as methylamine as nitrogen sources in methylotrophic yeasts. Here we describe the molecular characterization of the FLD1 gene from the yeast Hansenula polymorpha. Unlike the recently described Pichia pastoris homologue, the H. polymorpha gene does not contain an intron. The predicted FLD1 product (Fld1p) is a protein of 380 amino acids (ca. 41 kDa) with 82% identity to P. pastoris Fld1p, 76% identity to the FLD protein sequence from n-alkane-assimilating yeast Candida maltosa and 63-64% identity to dehydrogenase class III enzymes from humans and other higher eukaryotes. The expression of FLD1 is strictly regulated and can be controlled at two expression levels by manipulation of the growth conditions. The gene is strongly induced under methylotrophic growth conditions; moderate expression is obtained under conditions in which a primary amine, e.g. methylamine, is used as nitrogen source. These properties render the FLD1 promoter of high interest for heterologous gene expression. The availability of the H. polymorpha FLD1 promoter provides an attractive alternative for expression of foreign genes besides the commonly used alcohol oxidase promoter. The sequence has been deposited in the GenBank/NCBI data library under Accession No. AF364077. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Groningen, Groningen Biomol Sci & Biotechnol Inst, NL-9751 NN Haren, Netherlands. USDA, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Keck Grad Inst Appl Life Sci, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Veenhuis, M (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Groningen Biomol Sci & Biotechnol Inst, POB 14, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 31 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0749-503X J9 YEAST JI Yeast PD JAN 15 PY 2002 VL 19 IS 1 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1002/yea.805 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology; Mycology GA 513LZ UT WOS:000173381200005 PM 11754481 ER PT J AU El-Samad, H Goff, JP Khammash, M AF El-Samad, H Goff, JP Khammash, M TI Calcium homeostasis and parturient hypocalcemia: An integral feedback perspective SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESORPTION AB Calcium is tightly regulated in mammals because of the critical role of calcium ion concentrations in many physiological functions. In this work, we develop a model for calcium homeostasis and identify integral feedback control as a functional module that maintains this homeostasis. We argue that maintaining calcium concentrations in a narrow range and perfect adaptation seen when the calcium homeostatic mechanism is subjected to extreme disturbances are the result of a feedback control system implementing integral control through specific interactions of the regulating hormones. Based on the constraints imposed by the suggested integral control, we arrive at a simple dynamical model for calcium homeostasis. We show that the model is biologically plausible and is consistent with known physiology. Furthermore, the utility of the integral-feedback model is revealed by examining an extreme calcium perturbation, parturient paresis in dairy cows. (C) 2002 Academic Press. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Khammash, M (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 18 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD JAN 7 PY 2002 VL 214 IS 1 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1006/jtbi.2001.2422 PG 13 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 514ZY UT WOS:000173472000002 PM 11786029 ER PT J AU Wheal, MS Heller, LI Norvell, WA Welch, RM AF Wheal, MS Heller, LI Norvell, WA Welch, RM TI Reversed-phase liquid chromatographic determination of phytometallophores from strategy IIFe-uptake species by 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate fluorescence SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE derivatization, LC; amino acids, non-protein; phytometallophores; 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate; mugineic acid ID PRECOLUMN DERIVATIZATION; MUGINEIC ACID; PHYTOSIDEROPHORES; BARLEY; IRON; ZINC; DEFICIENCY; GENOTYPES; RELEASE; PLANTS AB An HPLC method to quantitate phytometallophores (phytosiderophores) exuded from roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) growing in nutrient solution culture was developed. 9-Fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC) derivatives of phytometallophores were separated on a C,, reverse-phase column using a sodium acetate (pH 7.2) and acetonitrile-methanol gradient over 20 min followed by fluorescence detection. Detection limits ranged from 15 to 370 pmol depending on the particular phytometallophore. The effectiveness of this method was demonstrated using the response of barley seedlings to Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient nutrient solution conditions. Phytometallophores collected in root washings of Fe-deficient barley seedlings increased with plant age while phytometallophore release from Fe-adequate roots was negligible. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Welch, RM (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 4 PY 2002 VL 942 IS 1-2 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01375-9 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 509AA UT WOS:000173120900017 PM 11822383 ER PT J AU Marchant-Forde, JN AF Marchant-Forde, JN TI Piglet- and stockperson-directed sow aggression after farrowing and the relationship with a pre-farrowing, human approach test SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pigs; human-animal interactions; aggression; maternal behaviour; savaging ID BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSE; DOMESTIC PIGS; GROWTH; CORTICOSTEROIDS; ENVIRONMENT; PARTURITION; UNPLEASANT; LACTATION; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL AB The aims of the experiment were to determine the incidence and severity of piglet- and stockperson-directed aggression in two different farrowing systems and to determine whether either, could be predicted using behavioural and physiological measures recorded previously during a standard human approach test. Sixty-two gilts, permanently housed in groups of 4-5, were approach tested at 6-8 weeks prior to parturition. Gilts were moved to a handling area, fitted with a heart rate monitor and moved to a square test arena. After 2 min familiarisation, an unfamiliar human entered the pen and stood for 3 min against one wall. Then, the human approached the gilt and touched, her: snout. Behaviour and heart rate were recorded continuously. Social rank was determined for each gilt using pair-wise food competition tests. At farrowing, gilts were randomly assigned to either open pens or conventional crates. At parturition, litter size and piglet weights were recorded and causes of any deaths ascertained, with emphasis on those piglets dying due to savaging. The aggression directed at the stockperson during piglet weighing at birth, 7 days and 14 days of age was scored on a scale of 1-5 (non-aggressive to extremely aggressive). Five gilts savaged their piglets and five other gilts were particularly aggressive towards the stockperson. Savaging of piglets and levels of stockperson-directed aggression were higher in the open pen system than in farrowing crates. Gilts that savaged piglets were more likely to show 'shy' behaviour during the human approach test, whereas gilts that were highly aggressive towards the stockperson were more likely to show 'bold' behaviour in the same test. Stockperson-directed aggression was displayed consistently, both within the same lactation and between subsequent lactations. Stockperson-directed aggression was unrelated to piglet survival but did confer advantages in piglet growth rate between birth and 7 days of age. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Clin Vet Med, Cambridge CB3 0ES, England. ADAS Terrington, Kings Lynn PE34 4PW, Norfolk, England. RP Marchant-Forde, JN (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, Poultry Sci Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jmarchantforde@hotmail.com RI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/A-7616-2009 OI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914 NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 EI 1872-9045 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD JAN 3 PY 2002 VL 75 IS 2 BP 115 EP 132 DI 10.1016/S0168-1591(01)00170-8 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 502TJ UT WOS:000172758600003 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH Evans, JJ AF Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH Evans, JJ TI In ovo methods for utilizing the modified live Edwardsiella ictaluri vaccine against enteric septicemia in channel catfish SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE in ovo vaccination; eyed eggs; modified live vaccine; Edwardsiella ictaluri; AQUAVAC-ESC (TM); channel catfish; Ictalurus punctatus ID PUNCTATUS; IMMUNE; TECHNOLOGY AB Eyed channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) eggs were vaccinated by immersion exposure (10 min) with either the modified live Edwardsiella ictaluri isolate RE-33 grown in brain heart infusion broth (trial 1) or the lyophilized AQUAVAC-ESC(TM) vaccine (trial 2). AQUAVAC-ESC(TM) is the modified live E. ictaluri isolate (RE-33) that was licensed, produced and marketed as a vaccine against enteric septicemia of catfish by Intervet. Trial 1 consisted of vaccinated (RE-33 E. ictaluri at 1 X 10(5) CFU/ml) and non-vaccinated (controls) treatments with the eyed eggs hatching into fry 4 days following treatment. No mortality was recorded in these fish for 33 days post vaccination. In trial 2, three treatments were used: single vaccinated, vaccinated and fry booster vaccinated 7 days following initial immunization; and non-vaccinated (controls). The vaccination in trial 2 was carried out according to the manufacturer's recommendation for use on channel catfish fry (i.e. AQUAVAC-ESC(TM) label). In trial 2, the eyed eggs hatched 24 h post vaccination and no control fish or single-vaccinated fish died following vaccination. Three fry died in the booster vaccinated treatment. No rifampicin-resistant E. ictaluri was isolated from these dead Fish. Thirty-three (trial 1) and sixty days (trial 2) following vaccination, fish were challenged with E. ictaluri (isolate AL-93-75) at I X 10(7) CFU/mL in trial 1, the relative percentage survival (RPS) of vaccinates was 87.9; however, data did not fit Amend's criteria of 60% mortality in the non-vaccinated treatment and no significant difference was seen between mortality of the vaccinates or control treatments in trial I [Dev. Biol. Stand. 49 (1981) 447]. In trial 2, mean percentage mortality in the non-vaccinated treatment (controls) (64.2 +/- 5.8) was significantly higher ( p = 0.003) than mean percentage mortality in the single vaccinated treatment and booster vaccinated treatment (25.8 +/- 5.1 and 46.7 +/- 0.8, respectively). Relative percentage survival was 59.7 in the single vaccinated treatment and 27.3 in the booster vaccinates. Safety and efficacy of the modified live E. ictaluri vaccine (AQUAVAC-ESC(TM)) was demonstrated in eyed channel catfish eggs following single vaccination. Booster vaccination did not enhance vaccine efficacy; however, timing of the booster may have been too soon following initial vaccination of eyed eggs. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. RP Shoemaker, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, POB 0952, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JAN 3 PY 2002 VL 203 IS 3-4 BP 221 EP 227 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00631-7 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 509AN UT WOS:000173122100001 ER PT J AU Romkens, MJM Helming, K Prasad, SN AF Romkens, MJM Helming, K Prasad, SN TI Soil erosion under different rainfall intensities, surface roughness, and soil water regimes SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE erosion processes; sediment concentration; drainage networks; surface microrelief; roughness; seepage; soil water pressure ID DEPRESSIONAL STORAGE; OVERLAND-FLOW; RUNOFF AB Soil erosion is a complex phenomenon involving the detachment and transport of soil particles, storage and runoff of rainwater, and infiltration. The relative magnitude and importance of these processes depends on a host of factors, including climate, soil, topography, cropping and land management practices, control practices, the antecedent conditions, and the size of the area under consideration. In this study, the results of a series of experiments are reported, summarizing the soil loss and runoff response from a 0.6 x 3.75 in area to different rainstorm regimes, slope steepnesses, subsurface soil water pressures, and surface roughnesses under controlled laboratory conditions using a flume and rainfall simulator as water applicators, and a laser microreliefmeter and tensiometric system as soil response measuring devices. The soil chosen was a highly erodible Grenada loess (fine silty, mixed, thermic, Glossic Fragiudalf). The results showed: (1) a sequence of rainstorms of decreasing intensity on an initially air-dry smooth surface caused more soil loss than a sequence of similar storms of increasing intensity; (2) the surface roughness-sediment concentration relationship was not monotonic in nature; (3) subsurface soil water pressure substantially affected sediment concentration in runoff but only marginally impacted runoff amounts; (4) initially smooth, uniform surfaces may yield less soil loss than initially rough surfaces; (5) interrill runoff occurred as spatially varying flow in which flow patterns determine the locations of rills. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Dept Soil Landscape Res, Muencheberg, Germany. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Romkens, MJM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RI Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009 NR 24 TC 64 Z9 73 U1 8 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JAN 3 PY 2002 VL 46 IS 2-3 BP 103 EP 123 DI 10.1016/S0341-8162(01)00161-8 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 504PE UT WOS:000172864400003 ER PT J AU Darboux, F Davy, P Gascuel-Odoux, C Huang, C AF Darboux, F Davy, P Gascuel-Odoux, C Huang, C TI Evolution of soil surface roughness and flowpath connectivity in overland flow experiments SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE microtopography; roughness; variogram; storage capacity; runoff; connectivity ID LASER SCANNER; STORAGE AB During rainfall events, surface roughness affects runoff generation by providing water surface storage in the depressions and altering the flow direction on the surface. The process of runoff initiation, or triggering, involves the gradual filling of individual depressions and the connection of those overflowing depressions toward the outflow boundary. Although studies have been conducted to relate surface roughness to total depression storage, little work has been done in quantifying the roughness effects on runoff initiation. This study examines the role of surface roughness on overland flow triggering in interrill areas. Laboratory experiments were conducted on a 2.4-m x 2.4-m soil box exposed to a sequence of four rainfall events with treatments including two levels of initial roughness and two slope gradients. Surface microtopography was digitised by a laser scanner before and after each rainfall event. Soil roughness was analysed by the variogram method and its role in runoff triggering was evaluated using a numerical model that gradually fills depressions with a conditioned-walker method. Experimental variograms showed a gradual lowering of semivariances in a homothetic way after each additional rainfall, indicating that all roughness scales are affected similarly. All variograms showed a distinct topographic correlation length that can be related to depressional storage capacity. The linear relationship between these two variables also has a threshold roughness term below which the storage capacity tends to zero, Analyses of the runoff triggering showed that a small modification of micro-topographic structure had a major effect on runoff initiation. Even if the storage capacity is an important parameter of the runoff characteristics, large differences are observed between the initial stages of each experiment and final stages. We attributed these differences to the creation of preferential connections between topography depressions due to the material redistribution. Since the variogram analysis may not be sensitive toward the development of preferential flow path in a local scale, additional methodologies, such as the conditioned-walker analysis used in this study, need to be incorporated in quantifying the role of surface microtopography an the dynamics of runoff generation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rennes 1, UPR 4661, F-35042 Rennes, France. INRA, Unite Sol Agronomie Rennes Quimper, F-35042 Rennes, France. RP Darboux, F (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, Bldg SOIL, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI UMR SAS, Agrohydrologie/D-3726-2012; UMR SAS, INRA/L-1751-2013 NR 22 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JAN 3 PY 2002 VL 46 IS 2-3 BP 125 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S0341-8162(01)00162-X PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 504PE UT WOS:000172864400004 ER PT J AU Huang, C Gascuel-Odoux, C Cros-Cayot, S AF Huang, C Gascuel-Odoux, C Cros-Cayot, S TI Hillslope topographic and hydrologic effects on overland flow and erosion SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE soil erosion; topographic position; runoff; sediment; spatial and temporal variability ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; SOIL-EROSION; FIELD; MODEL AB Variability in surface condition occurs at different spatial and temporal scales. Locally, surface conditions interact with soil components and determine the dynamic of surface scaling, biomass, and roughness. At the hillslope scale, conditions at the surface vary with the topographic position that can cause different hydrologic regimes and erosion. This paper presents our efforts in quantifying how hillslope position and moisture condition affected runoff generation and sediment production. In the field, we monitored runoff and sediment productions from a hillslope under natural conditions. Sediment production under seepage condition was quantified in a laboratory dual-box system under simulated rainfall. Field results showed that variability in runoff and sediment production could be attributed to topographically induced and localized surface variations in addition to seasonal changes in rainfall pattern and crop canopy. Based on rainfall pattern and changes in surface conditions, three different stages of runoff and sediment productions were identified in an annual cycle. Laboratory experiments in soil moisture gradient (i.e., seepage vs. drainage) effects on erosion showed that drainage conditions limited sediment detachment while seepage conditions enhanced rilling. These results showed a close linkage between surface moisture condition and erosion process, and consequently, the dominant sediment regime. These different methodologies improved the understanding of runoff and erosion processes occurring at the hillslope and the role of topographic position and hydrology on these processes. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Purdue Univ, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. INRA, F-35042 Rennes, France. RP Huang, C (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, USDA ARS, 1196 SOIL Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI UMR SAS, INRA/L-1751-2013; UMR SAS, Agrohydrologie/D-3726-2012 NR 9 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD JAN 3 PY 2002 VL 46 IS 2-3 BP 177 EP 188 DI 10.1016/S0341-8162(01)00165-5 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 504PE UT WOS:000172864400007 ER PT J AU McKane, RB Johnson, LC Shaver, GR Nadelhoffer, KJ Rastetter, EB Fry, B Giblin, AE Kielland, K Kwiatkowski, BL Laundre, JA Murray, G AF McKane, RB Johnson, LC Shaver, GR Nadelhoffer, KJ Rastetter, EB Fry, B Giblin, AE Kielland, K Kwiatkowski, BL Laundre, JA Murray, G TI Resource-based niches provide a basis for plant species diversity and dominance in arctic tundra SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ALASKAN TUNDRA; COMMUNITIES; NITROGEN; GROWTH; SHRUBS; TREES AB Ecologists have long been intrigued by the ways co-occurring species divide limiting resources. Such resource partitioning, or niche differentiation, may promote species diversity by reducing competition(1,2). Although resource partitioning is an important determinant of species diversity and composition in animal communities(3), its importance in structuring plant communities has been difficult to resolve(4). This is due mainly to difficulties in studying how plants compete for belowground resources(5). Here we provide evidence from a N-15-tracer field experiment showing that plant species in a nitrogen-limited, arctic tundra community were differentiated in timing, depth and chemical form of nitrogen uptake, and that species dominance was strongly correlated with uptake of the most available soil nitrogen forms. That is, the most productive species used the most abundant nitrogen forms, and less productive species used less abundant forms. To our knowledge, this is the first documentation that the composition of a plant community is related to partitioning of differentially available forms of a single limiting resource. C1 US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Appalachian Mt Club, Gorham, NH 03581 USA. RP McKane, RB (reprint author), US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RI Laundre, James/P-1968-2016 OI Laundre, James/0000-0002-2061-8655 NR 26 TC 396 Z9 421 U1 18 U2 197 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 3 PY 2002 VL 415 IS 6867 BP 68 EP 71 DI 10.1038/415068a PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 507KZ UT WOS:000173028800040 PM 11780117 ER PT J AU Mulbry, WW Zhu, H Nour, SM Topp, E AF Mulbry, WW Zhu, H Nour, SM Topp, E TI The triazine hydrolase gene trzN from Nocardioides sp strain C190: Cloning and construction of gene-specific primers SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE s-triazine hydrolase; atrazine biodegradation; transposase; Nocardioides ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RAPID MINERALIZATION; ATRAZINE; SOILS; HERBICIDES; EXPRESSION; RING AB Using oligonucleotides derived from the N-terminal sequence of a triazine hydrolase from Nocardioides sp. strain C190, two DNA fragments containing trzN were cloned into Escherichia coli and their nucleotide sequences were determined. The 456-amino acid polypeptide predicted from the 1356-bp trzN ORF displayed significant similarity to triazine hydrolases from Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus isolates and belonged to the same amidohydrolase family. The trzN gene was flanked by two DNA sequences possessing 57 and 69% identity, respectively, at the protein level to Rhodococcus erythropolis sequences for a transposase and a transposase helper protein. Amplification primers specific to trzN were tested in soils inoculated with strain C190. The results demonstrated that the primers were specific to trzN, and could detect populations at 10(8) cfu g(-1) soil using 250-mg soil samples. (C) 2002 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada. RP Mulbry, WW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 10300 Baltimore Blvd,Bldg 001,Rm 140, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Topp, Ed/0000-0002-8273-9372 NR 21 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD JAN 2 PY 2002 VL 206 IS 1 BP 75 EP 79 DI 10.1016/S0378-1097(01)00517-1 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 511UU UT WOS:000173284600012 PM 11786260 ER PT J AU Pattee, HE AF Pattee, HE TI Commemorative history of the Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Pattee, HE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 2 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 1 BP 3 EP 6 DI 10.1021/jf011519x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 508FT UT WOS:000173078600002 PM 11754534 ER PT J AU Ragsdale, NN AF Ragsdale, NN TI History of the Division of Agrochemicals 1976-2001 SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article C1 USDA, ARS, George Washington Carver Ctt, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ragsdale, NN (reprint author), USDA, ARS, George Washington Carver Ctt, 5601 Sunnyside Ave 4-2108, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 2 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 1 BP 7 EP 9 DI 10.1021/jf0115286 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 508FT UT WOS:000173078600003 PM 11754535 ER PT J AU Tunick, MH Van Hekken, DL Cooke, PH Malin, EL AF Tunick, MH Van Hekken, DL Cooke, PH Malin, EL TI Transmission electron microscopy of mozzarella cheeses made from microfluidized milk SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE homogenization; microfluidization; milk; mozzarella cheese; TEM; nanostructure ID CHEDDAR CHEESE; PROTEOLYSIS; FAT; HOMOGENIZATION; RHEOLOGY AB The nanostructure of Mozzarella cheeses prepared from microfluidized milk was compared with that of control cheeses made from untreated milk. Milk heated to 10 or 54 degreesC and containing 1.0 or 3.2% fat was homogenized by microfluidization at 34 or 172 MPa prior to cheesemaking. The effects on the casein particles and fat globules in the cheese were determined by transmission electron microscopy after 1 day and 6 weeks of storage at 4 degreesC. The micrographs showed that electron-dense regions theorized to be casein submicelles rearranged from a homogeneous configuration to a pattern of clusters during the storage period. The nanostructure of the cheeses made from milk processed under the mildest conditions resembled the controls, but otherwise the fat droplets decreased in size and increased in number as the pressure and temperature were increased. The results indicate that both homogenization temperature and pressure affect the nanostructure of Mozzarella cheese. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Tunick, MH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM mtunick@arserrc.gov RI Tunick, Michael/C-9761-2010 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 2 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 1 BP 99 EP 103 DI 10.1021/jf010633c PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 508FT UT WOS:000173078600018 PM 11754550 ER PT J AU Loughrin, JH Kasperbauer, MJ AF Loughrin, JH Kasperbauer, MJ TI Aroma of fresh strawberries is enhanced by ripening over red versus black mulch SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE strawberry; Fragaria ananassa; aroma; colored mulch; ester; photomorphogenesis; phytochrome; terpenoid; volatile ID VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; GREEN LEAVES; LIGHT; VARIETIES; ANANASSA; ETHYLENE; YIELD; FIELD AB Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch) is a high-value food crop, the aroma of which is important in consumer satisfaction. We hypothesized that the concentration of fresh strawberry aroma compounds could be enhanced by growing the berries over a red plastic mulch that was formulated to reflect more far-red (FR) and red light (R) and a higher FR/R photon ratio than is reflected by standard black plastic mulch. Strawberries of the cultivars "Chandler" and "Sweet Charlie" were grown in trickle-irrigated field plots over the two colors of mulch. The berries were harvested when ripe, and aroma compounds were isolated by dynamic headspace sampling. Entrained compounds were quantified by gas chromatography and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Twenty-three compounds were identified, and most of them were aliphatic esters. Strawberries that ripened over the red mulch during periods of sunny weather had significantly higher concentrations of aroma compounds than berries grown over the black plastic mulch. Total levels of aroma compounds from berries grown over red plastic mulch were higher for both Chandler and Sweet Charlie. We postulate that FR and R in light reflected from the red mulch acted through the natural phytochrome system to modify gene expression enough to result in greater concentration of aroma compounds in fresh strawberries. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Kasperbauer, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD JAN 2 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 1 BP 161 EP 165 DI 10.1021/jf010950 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 508FT UT WOS:000173078600029 PM 11754561 ER PT J AU Oldak, A Pachepsky, Y Jackson, TJ Rawls, WJ AF Oldak, A Pachepsky, Y Jackson, TJ Rawls, WJ TI Statistical properties of soil moisture images revisited SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE surface soil moisture; soil moisture scaling; soil moisture drydown ID VARIABILITY; RAINFALL AB Data from passive microwave remote sensing with an ESTAR L-band radiometer, deployed on an aircraft, were used to produce soil moisture images over the area of the Little Washita watershed in Oklahoma in 1992. This area was revisited during the Southern Great Plains 1997 Hydrology Experiment. This offered an opportunity to evaluate the time-specificity of the conclusions, relating to scaling of the surface soil moisture, that have been reported for 1992. The objective of this work was to compare scaling properties of soil moisture fields observed in 1992 and 1997. We analyzed one 1992 data set and three 1997 data sets, each covering several days of continuous drydown. Different resolutions were introduced by aggregating the pixels of original 200-m resolution into bigger square cells. Scaling in dependencies on resolution was observed for the variance of moisture content, for the within-cell variance, and for the first six moments about zero, the latter indicating multiscaling. Parameters of the scaling equations differed among four drying periods studied. However, once a scaling dependency on resolution was established in the beginning of a drying period, its shape was maintained during the drydown both in 1992 and 1997. Slopes of the dependencies changed only slightly, whereas the intercepts decreased as the drying progressed. Having constant slopes and intercepts dependent on average area water contents gives an opportunity to reduce the volume of observations needed to predict scaling of surface soil moisture during drydowns. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Agr Res Serv, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Oldak, A (reprint author), USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Agr Res Serv, BARC W, Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Pachepsky, Yakov/0000-0003-0232-6090 NR 21 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 2 PY 2002 VL 255 IS 1-4 BP 12 EP 24 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00507-8 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 503LR UT WOS:000172800400002 ER PT J AU Robinson, DA Cooper, JD Gardner, CMK AF Robinson, DA Cooper, JD Gardner, CMK TI Modelling the relative permittivity of soils using soil hygroscopic water content SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bound water; hygroscopic water; soil relative permittivity; time domain reflectometry; TDR; dielectric constant ID TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; TDR; CALIBRATION; PROBES; MEDIA AB A model describing the increase in the relative permittivity of water with distance from the soil mineral surface is presented. The model assumes an exponential increase in the value of permittivity with increasing distance from the mineral surface; arguments are presented supporting this approach. The volume of bound water (within the bandwidth of time domain reflectometry, (TDR) 0.01-1 GHz) is considered to be equivalent to the soil hygroscopic water content. The refractive index mixing equation is used as a geometric base into which the model is incorporated. The new equation is tested using measurements of permittivity collected from two drying undisturbed soil cores that contained similar to 10% hygroscopic water. The RMSE of predicted permittivity as a function of water content was found to decrease from similar to 3.5 to less than 1. The model was further tested on data previously presented in the literature and found to correspond reasonably well. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. RP Robinson, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RI Robinson, David/A-6287-2010 OI Robinson, David/0000-0001-7290-4867 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 2 PY 2002 VL 255 IS 1-4 BP 39 EP 49 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00508-X PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 503LR UT WOS:000172800400004 ER PT B AU Garbrecht, J Schneider, J Zhang, XC AF Garbrecht, J Schneider, J Zhang, XC GP AMS AMS TI How are decade-scale precipitation variations reflected in the daily precipitation record? SO 13TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Garbrecht, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne Str, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 45 EP 47 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV58M UT WOS:000179447900017 ER PT B AU Mauget, SA Upchurch, DR AF Mauget, SA Upchurch, DR GP AMS AMS TI Intra- to multidecadal (IMD) climate variability over the continental United States: 1932-1999 SO 13TH SYMPOSIUM ON GLOBAL CHANGE AND CLIMATE VARIATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Symposium on Global Change and Climate Variations CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Mauget, SA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Plant Stress & Water Conservat Lab, Lubbock, TX USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 251 EP 253 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BV58M UT WOS:000179447900095 ER PT B AU Hahn, GL Mader, TL Harrington, JA Nienaber, JA Frank, KL AF Hahn, GL Mader, TL Harrington, JA Nienaber, JA Frank, KL GP AMS TI Living with climatic variability and potential global change: Climatological analyses of impacts on livestock performance SO 15TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY JOINT WITH THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology/16th International Congress on Biometeorology CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2002 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP Int Soc Biometeorol, Amer Meteorol Soc ID CATTLE C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Biol Engn Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Hahn, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Biol Engn Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 45 EP 49 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY35Z UT WOS:000189043800014 ER PT B AU Eigenberg, RA Hahn, GL Brown-Brandl, TM Nienaber, JA AF Eigenberg, RA Hahn, GL Brown-Brandl, TM Nienaber, JA GP AMS TI Weather data processor using commercial weather station system to generate cattle livestock safety index SO 15TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY JOINT WITH THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology/16th International Congress on Biometeorology CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2002 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP Int Soc Biometeorol, Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Biol Engn Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Eigenberg, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Biol Engn Res Unit, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 93 EP 93 PG 1 WC Biophysics; Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY35Z UT WOS:000189043800028 ER PT B AU Nienaber, JA Hahn, GL AF Nienaber, JA Hahn, GL GP AMS TI Effects of high environmental temperatures on growing-finishing swine SO 15TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY JOINT WITH THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology/16th International Congress on Biometeorology CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2002 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP Int Soc Biometeorol, Amer Meteorol Soc ID HEAT-PRODUCTION; CARCASS COMPOSITION; FEED-INTAKE; PERFORMANCE; GROWTH; PIGS; RESTRICTION; ENERGY C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Nienaber, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 116 EP 121 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY35Z UT WOS:000189043800035 ER PT B AU Pfeiffer, R AF Pfeiffer, R GP AMS TI Ammonia analysis by ion mobility spectroscopy SO 15TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY JOINT WITH THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology/16th International Congress on Biometeorology CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2002 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP Int Soc Biometeorol, Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Pfeiffer, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 166 EP 167 PG 2 WC Biophysics; Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY35Z UT WOS:000189043800048 ER PT B AU Hellmich, RL Pleasants, JM AF Hellmich, RL Pleasants, JM GP AMS TI Monarch butterflies and Bt corn pollen: Phenology and movement considerations SO 15TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY JOINT WITH THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology/16th International Congress on Biometeorology CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2002 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP Int Soc Biometeorol, Amer Meteorol Soc ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; IN-FIELD; LARVAE; LEPIDOPTERA; IMPACT C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab 110,Insectary, Ames, IA 50050 USA. RP Hellmich, RL (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab 110,Insectary, Ames, IA 50050 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 244 EP 246 PG 3 WC Biophysics; Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY35Z UT WOS:000189043800070 ER PT B AU Hatfield, JL Pfeiffer, RL Prueger, JH AF Hatfield, JL Pfeiffer, RL Prueger, JH GP AMS TI Impact of livestock operations on air quality SO 15TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY JOINT WITH THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology/16th International Congress on Biometeorology CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2002 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP Int Soc Biometeorol, Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hatfield, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 252 EP 253 PG 2 WC Biophysics; Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY35Z UT WOS:000189043800073 ER PT B AU Northup, BK Schneider, JM Daniel, JA AF Northup, BK Schneider, JM Daniel, JA GP AMS TI The effects of management and precipitation on forage composition of a southern tallgrass prairie SO 15TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY JOINT WITH THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology/16th International Congress on Biometeorology CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2002 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP Int Soc Biometeorol, Amer Meteorol Soc AB This study described how paddock management and precipitation patterns affected forage composition of a southern tallgrass prairie in 1984-1995, and examined regional 3-month total precipitation forecasts from 19952001 for their potential as a management tool. Forage composition varied during the study. Large changes occurred in 1988-89, due to a short dry period, and persisted through 1995. The dominant forage groups were correlated with precipitation during different quarters, which interacted with management to cause paddock differences. Experimental 3-month forecasts did not accurately predict precipitation of La Nina events during 1995-2001. If these forecasts could be improved, they would be useful tools for drought management. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Northup, BK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 332 EP 336 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY35Z UT WOS:000189043800096 ER PT B AU Brusberg, MD Rippey, BR AF Brusberg, MD Rippey, BR GP AMS TI The Southern Oscillation and US agriculture SO 15TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY JOINT WITH THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology/16th International Congress on Biometeorology CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2002 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP Int Soc Biometeorol, Amer Meteorol Soc ID EL-NINO C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Brusberg, MD (reprint author), USDA, Rm 5133 USDA S Bldg, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 356 EP 359 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY35Z UT WOS:000189043800104 ER PT B AU Fowler, GA Kalaris, TM Sequeira, RA AF Fowler, GA Kalaris, TM Sequeira, RA GP AMS TI Exploring historical patterns of environmental suitability to Karnal bunt SO 15TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY JOINT WITH THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology/16th International Congress on Biometeorology CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2002 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP Int Soc Biometeorol, Amer Meteorol Soc AB Historical patterns of suitability may provide important indicators of potential Karnal bunt disease occurrence. For example, assuming sufficient inoculum is present, a location that has continuous suitable weather can reasonably be assumed to be more likely to harbor Karnal bunt disease than locations where suitable weather does not occur or is rare. To explore climatological suitability we examined daily weather records from 1990 to 2001. We used more than 9000 weather stations to characterize climate across the continental United States. We examined individual years and explored correspondence between known "outbreaks" (a true outbreak has never been observed, field incidence levels have been barely detectable and always very low and very limited geographically) and suitable conditions for specific years. We also developed maps that show for sub-county regions, how many years out of the past decade have 'experienced' suitable conditions. Whereas, we used published literature to derive what weather parameters indicated suitability, our approach can be modified easily as we have developed the necessary databases and statistical scripts to make modifications to the assumptions straightforward. The results of our study show that based on the model used, most of the United States has not experienced suitable weather conditions during the past decade. Our results also show that actual detections of Karnal bunt disease in the field during specific years do correspond with suitability as characterized by the model. C1 USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Fowler, GA (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, 1017 Main Campus Dr,Suite 2500, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 410 EP 413 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY35Z UT WOS:000189043800123 ER PT B AU Pasteris, PA Lea, JK Vigil, R AF Pasteris, PA Lea, JK Vigil, R GP AMS TI Water supply forecasting in the Upper Klamath Lake Basin during the 2001 drought SO 15TH CONFERENCE ON BIOMETEOROLOGY AND AEROBIOLOGY JOINT WITH THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON BIOMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Conference on Biometeorology and Aerobiology/16th International Congress on Biometeorology CY OCT 28-NOV 01, 2002 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP Int Soc Biometeorol, Amer Meteorol Soc C1 USDA, NRCS, Natl Water & Climate, Portland, OR 97204 USA. RP Pasteris, PA (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Natl Water & Climate, 101 SW Main St,Suite 1600, Portland, OR 97204 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 421 EP 427 PG 7 WC Biophysics; Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Biophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BY35Z UT WOS:000189043800125 ER PT B AU Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Wood, E Gao, HL AF Jackson, TJ Bindlish, R Wood, E Gao, HL GP AMS AMS TI Soil moisture mapping the southern US with the TRMM microwave imager: Pathfinder study SO 16TH CONFERENCE ON HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference on Hydrology CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID EMISSION AB The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) was launched in November of 1997. TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) provides a least a daily coverage over the southern Continental US (up to 38N latitude). The goal of this project is to develop a soil moisture pathfinder data set using the TMI observations. TMI provides multiple orbits over the southern US at varying times of observation. Methods to adjust for diurnal changes associated with this temporal variability and how to mosaic these orbits are required. The algorithm for deriving soil moisture and temperature from TMI observations is based on a physical model of microwave emission from a layered soil-vegetation-atmosphere medium. An iterative, least-squares-minimization method is employed in the retrieval algorithm. It is important to recognize that these high frequencies respond to a very shallow soil layer (similar to1-2 cm). Characterizing this layer is difficult and it can change rapidly. The significance of vegetation is very high at these frequencies. Based upon further validation and algorithm development, a five year daily soil moisture data set for applicable regions of the southern U.S. will be produced. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jackson, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, BARC W, 104 Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 37 EP 41 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BV55F UT WOS:000179336300011 ER PT B AU Kustas, WP Bindlish, R French, AN AF Kustas, WP Bindlish, R French, AN GP AMS AMS TI Utility of remote sensing in modeling spatial patterns of evapotranspiration SO 16TH CONFERENCE ON HYDROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference on Hydrology CY JAN 13-17, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID VEGETATION INDEXES; SENSED DATA; SOIL; SURFACE; FLUXES; SCALES; MICROWAVE C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kustas, WP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108 USA PY 2002 BP 76 EP 81 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BV55F UT WOS:000179336300020 ER PT B AU Mertens, DR AF Mertens, DR GP CU TI Fiber: Measuring, modeling and feeding SO 2002 Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers CY OCT 23-25, 2002 CL Syracuse, NY SP NY State Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Anim Sci & Div Nutr Sci ID NEUTRAL-DETERGENT FIBER; CELL-WALLS; FORAGE; SYSTEM; DIGESTION; LIGNIN AB Using fiber analyses to evaluate corn silage provides unique challenges. Unlike other forages, corn silage is more like a mixed ration because it contains both grain and stover. Thus, fiber concentration in corn silage is often as much a function of the proportion of grain in the silage as it is the maturity of the stover. Because accumulation of grain dry matter (DM) during maturation dilutes the fiber and lignin in the stover, relationships between fiber and lignin may not be as accurate predictors of DM digestibility (DMD) as they are in forages in which fiber and lignin concentration increase as the plant matures. Furthermore the corn kernel has unique properties that influence the digestibility of starch, which is a major contributor to DMID and energy value in corn silage. Compared to other forages, corn silage is unique because both fiber (mainly stover) and non-fiber carbohydrates (mainly starch) can vary in digestibility due to genetics, crop growing environment, ensiling conditions, and the feeding situation. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Mertens, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CORNELL UNIV DEPT ANIMAL SCIENCE PI ITHACA PA 272 MORRISON HALL, ITHACA, NY 14853-4801 USA PY 2002 BP 1 EP 18 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BBZ67 UT WOS:000228388600001 ER PT B AU Mertens, DR AF Mertens, DR GP CU TI Physical and chemical characteristics of fiber affecting dairy cow performance SO 2002 Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers, Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 64th Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers CY OCT 23-25, 2002 CL Syracuse, NY SP NY State Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Anim Sci & Div Nutr Sci ID NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER; PARTICLE-SIZE; ALFALFA HAYLAGE; RUMINATION TIME; FORAGE QUALITY; CATTLE; DIGESTION; SYSTEM; DIETS; RUMEN C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Mertens, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU CORNELL UNIV DEPT ANIMAL SCIENCE PI ITHACA PA 272 MORRISON HALL, ITHACA, NY 14853-4801 USA PY 2002 BP 125 EP 144 PG 20 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BBZ67 UT WOS:000228388600011 ER PT B AU Ibach, RE Rowell, RM Lange, SE Schumann, RL AF Ibach, RE Rowell, RM Lange, SE Schumann, RL GP FPS FPS FPS TI Effect of wet-dry cycling on the decay properties of aspen fiber high-density polypropylene composites SO 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WOODFIBER-PLASTIC COMPOSITES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Woodfiber-Plastic Composites CY MAY 15-16, 2001 CL MADISON, WI SP USDA Forest Serv, ACS Cellulose, Paper & Textile Div, Amer Plast Council, FRP Composites Ind, Market Dev Alliance, Univ Wisconsin, Univ Toronto, Forest Product Soc AB Aspen fiber-polypropylene composites were prepared with various levels of fiber (0, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%), polypropylene (PP) (100%, 98%, 70%, 68%, 60%, 58%, 50%; 48%, 40%, and 38%), and the compatibilizer maleated polypropylene (MAPP) (0 and 2%). Specimens were either subjected to 10 cycles of 1 week room temperature water soaking-oven drying or 2-hr. boiling water-oven drying. Thickness swelling and weight loss were calculated. Specimens were then exposed to the brown-rot fungus G.trabeum or the white-rot fungus C.versicolor for 12 weeks to determine the effect of repeated water cycling on decay. Results indicate that as the amount of aspen fiber increases there is an increase in weight and thickness swelling, as well as an increase in fungal attack after the water cycling tests. Presence of the compatibilizer seems to have an effect on the moisture weight gain, thickness swelling, and attack by fungi. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Ibach, RE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-892529-18-1 PY 2002 BP 267 EP 270 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BV84Q UT WOS:000180192900037 ER PT B AU Henshaw, DL Spycher, G Remillard, SM AF Henshaw, DL Spycher, G Remillard, SM BE Callaos, N Porter, J Rishe, N TI Transition from a legacy databank to an integrated ecological information system SO 6TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL VII, PROCEEDINGS: INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI 2002)/8th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 2002) CY JUL 14-18, 2002 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System, World Org System & Cybernet, Ctr Syst Studies, Syst Soc Poland, Soc Appl Syst Res, Slovenian Artificial Intelligence Soc, Simon Bolivar Univ, Polish Syst Soc, Italian Soc System, Int Soc Syst Sci, Int Syst Inst, Int Federat Syst Res, Cybernet & Human Knowing, Journal Second Order Cybernet & Cybersemiot, Blaise Pascal Univ, Engineer Sci Inst, CUST, Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Concurrency & Architecture Grp, Telemat Engn Dept, Tunisian Sci Soc, Acad Non Linear Sci, San Luis Natl Univ, Lab Res Computat Intelligence, Dept Informat, Amer Soc Cybernet (Canada), Wolfram Res Inc, IEEE Comp Soc, Venezuela Chapter, Steacie Inst Molec Sci, Natl Res Council Canada DE information management systems; ecological metadata; information access; data archive; ecoinformatics; Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) ID SCIENCE DATA-BANK AB Many tasks and issues are encountered in the process of converting a scientific databank containing multiple legacy and long-term study database's into an integrated data production and distribution system. Metadata issues include questions of structure, translation from legacy to new content standards, and connecting spatial with non-spatial metadata. The authors review the history of the Forest Science Data Bank and examine many aspects related to this latest transition to a more comprehensive and better-integrated information management system. The system is designed to accommodate new and legacy study databases, comply with emerging standards for ecological information, and enable dynamic discovery and access to multiple information products over the Internet. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Henshaw, DL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA PY 2002 BP 373 EP 378 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV42H UT WOS:000178907200066 ER PT J AU Welch, CM Peters, JG AF Welch, CM Peters, JG TI Effect of an epoxysilicone in durable press finishing with citric acid SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Article DE citric acid; durable press; epoxysilicone; garments ID COTTON; ADDITIVES; WHITENESS AB Under slow curing and medium temperature conditions useful for garment finishing, citric acid formulations were found to impart a high level of durable press (DP) performance and wrinkle resistance to all-cotton fabric. Sodium hypophosphite was used as the curing catalyst, and a combination of 1,1,1-trimethyiolpropane and low molecular weight polyethylene glycol served to suppress fabric yellowing. An epoxysilicone added as reactive softener produced unusually high wrinkle recovery angles and a silk-like hand in the fabric. At softener concentrations of 0.5% or less, high DP smoothness appearance ratings and satisfactory laundering durability of the finish were obtained. Although 2% maleic acid was studied as an activator for the crosslinking of cotton by 5% citric acid, the most favorable results were obtained with 7% citric acid in the absence of maleic acid. The possibility is considered that polycitric acid is formed at high citric acid concentrations and long curing times, such as 12 min curing at 155C (311 F), and can serve as an especially effective crosslinking agent for cotton. C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Welch, CM (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 2 IS 1 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 515GT UT WOS:000173487600004 ER PT J AU Tempelman, RJ Saama, PM Freeman, AE Kelm, SC Kuck, AL Kehrli, ME Burton, JL AF Tempelman, RJ Saama, PM Freeman, AE Kelm, SC Kuck, AL Kehrli, ME Burton, JL TI Genetic variation in bovine neutrophil sensitivity to glucocorticoid challenge SO ACTA AGRICULTURAE SCANDINAVICA SECTION A-ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy cattle; health; heritability; leukocyte adhesion; molecules; longitudinal data; REML ID PERIPARTURIENT HOLSTEIN CATTLE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI MASTITIS; L-SELECTIN; ADHESION MOLECULES; DISEASE RESISTANCE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; RECEPTOR GENE; DAIRY-COWS; LEUKOCYTE; EXPRESSION AB Blood neutrophils use CD62L and CD18 adhesion molecules to contact and migrate rapidly through blood vessels in defense against infections in underlying tissues. Previous work showed that glucocorticoid hormones repress expression of CD62L and CD18, causing neutrophilia and increased mastitis susceptibility in dairy cows. The aim of this study was to determine whether bovine neutrophil sensitivity to glucocorticoids exhibits genetic variability. Test animals included 60 pedigreed Holstein bulls treated on 3 consecutive days with a synthetic glucocorticoid (dexamethasone) and five untreated control bulls. Five indicator traits of neutrophil glucocorticoid sensitivity were monitored, including circulating neutrophil counts and two measures on each of CD62L and CD18 expression. Random regression models with treatment-specific serial correlation were used to estimate genetic and non-genetic sources of variation before, during and after glucocorticoid administration. Significant genetic variation was observed for neutrophil CD18 expression, with longitudinal heritability estimates ranging from 0.10 to 0.54 and influenced by dexamethasone. Significant genetic variation was also observed for blood neutrophil counts (heritability estimates ranging from 0.11 to 0.24) but was not influenced by dexamethasone administration. Estimated genetic correlations between circulating neutrophil counts and various indicators of CD62L and CD18 expression were large and negative (-0.44 to -0.78). These results imply significant genetic variability and pleiotropic effects for neutrophil traits that are important for stress-induced disease susceptibility in dairy cattle and might be exploited by genetic selection. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA USA. 21st Century Genet Inc, Shawano, WI USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA USA. RP Tempelman, RJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 53 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0906-4702 J9 ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN JI Acta Agric. Scand. Sect. A-Anim. Sci. PY 2002 VL 52 IS 4 BP 189 EP 202 DI 10.1080/090647002762381078 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 637RE UT WOS:000180525800005 ER PT J AU Czaja, K Kraeling, R Klimczuk, M Franke-Radowiecka, A Sienkiewicz, W Lakomy, M AF Czaja, K Kraeling, R Klimczuk, M Franke-Radowiecka, A Sienkiewicz, W Lakomy, M TI Distribution of ganglionic sympathetic neurons supplying the subcutaneous, perirenal and mesentery fat tissue depots in the pig SO ACTA NEUROBIOLOGIAE EXPERIMENTALIS LA English DT Article DE fat tissue; sympathetic innervation; FB tracing; pig ID BROWN ADIPOSE-TISSUE; GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE; NEUROPEPTIDE-Y; SUBSTANCE-P; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; NERVES; RAT; NORADRENALINE; FIBERS AB Previous morphological studies revealed that the adipose tissue is innervated by adrenergic nerve fibers. Furthermore, physiological studies showed that the metabolism of adipose tissue is controlled by the adrenergic component of the nervous system. However, nothing is known on the sources of innervation of different fat tissue depots. Therefore, we decided to study the distribution of ganglionic sympathetic neurons innervating adipose tissue in the pig by means of a retrograde tracing method. We used 9 male and 9 female pigs of approximately 50 kg body weight. The retrograde tracer, Fast Blue (FB), was injected into the subcutaneous, perirenal and mesentery fat tissue depots. Results of the present study showed that numerous centers of the sympathetic nervous system innervate adipose tissue in the pig. FB+ neurons projecting to the subcutaneous fat tissue were placed in the thoraco-lumbar region of the sympathetic chain ganglia (SChG). However, neurons supplying perirenal and mesentery fat tissue depots were found in both the SChG and prevertebral ganglia (PVG). We conclude that different adipose tissue depots (subcutaneous, perirenal and mesentery) have different sources of innervation and that there is no significant difference in the distribution of neurons innervating adipose tissue in male and female pigs. C1 Warmia & Masuria Univ, Dept Anim Anat, Olsztyn, Poland. USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Czaja, K (reprint author), Warmia & Masuria Univ, Dept Anim Anat, Olsztyn, Poland. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NENCKI INST EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY PI WARSAW PA UL PASTEURA 3, 02-093 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0065-1400 J9 ACTA NEUROBIOL EXP JI Acta Neurobiol. Exp. PY 2002 VL 62 IS 4 BP 227 EP 234 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 630VZ UT WOS:000180132000001 PM 12659288 ER PT J AU Pilarska, D Linde, A Solter, LF Takov, D McManus, ML Goertz, D AF Pilarska, D Linde, A Solter, LF Takov, D McManus, ML Goertz, D TI Ultrastructure characteristic of a Nosema sp (Microsporidia) from a Bulgarian population of Euproctis chrysorrhoea L. (Lepidoptera) SO ACTA PARASITOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Nosema sp.; microsporidia; ultrastructure; development; Euproctis chrysorrhoea ID HOST-SPECIFICITY; SPORES; GENUS AB Ultrastructure and development of a microsporidium isolated from a natural Euproctis chrysorrhoea larval population in Western Bulgaria were studied. Mature environmentally resistant spores of this microsporidium possess typical diplokarya, 9-10 polar filament coils, smooth polaroplasts and wavy exospores; we consider it to be a Nosema species. Nosema sp. occurred in the fat body and silk glands of E. chrysorrhoea and caused hypertrophy of the silk gland cells. This species is not infective to closely related Lymantria dispar. This Nosema isolate does not appear to be one of the species previously described from E. chrysorrhoea. C1 Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria. Univ Appl Sci, Dept Forestry, D-16225 Eberswalde, Germany. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Econ Entomol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Forest Expt Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Pilarska, D (reprint author), Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Zool, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WITOLD STEFANSKI INST PARASITOLOGY PI WARSAW PA TWARDA 51/55, 00-818 WARSAW, POLAND SN 1230-2821 J9 ACTA PARASITOL JI Acta Parasitolog. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 47 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 550LA UT WOS:000175503500001 ER PT S AU Schmidt, WF AF Schmidt, WF BE Wallenberger, FT Weston, NE Ford, R Wool, RP Chawla, K TI Microcrystalline keratin: From feathers to composite products SO ADVANCED FIBERS, PLASTICS, LAMINATES AND COMPOSITES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advanced Fibers, Plastics, Laminates and Composites held at the 2001 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP PPG Fdn, Mat Res Soc ID POULTRY FEATHERS AB Molecular order and morphological order are two characteristics of feather fiber that make it unique. The fiber is highly microcrystalline and is very durable, i.e., resistant to both mechanical and thermal stress. Feather structure at the microscopic level is a complicated mixture of straight and branched fibers held together by a central fiber to form specific macroscopic structures. The proper design of processes to incorporate feathers into composite products 1) preserves the fiber's molecular properties and 2) alters its micro-/macroscopic morphology to conform to existing composite process requirements. C1 USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schmidt, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-638-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2002 VL 702 BP 25 EP 32 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Composites; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BU86Y UT WOS:000177252000004 ER PT S AU Fageria, NK Baligar, VC Clark, RB AF Fageria, NK Baligar, VC Clark, RB BE Sparks, DL TI Micronutrients in crop production SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 77 SE Advances in Agronomy LA English DT Review ID WINTER-WHEAT CULTIVARS; ZINC-DEFICIENCY; ORGANIC-MATTER; MANGANESE TOXICITY; CALCAREOUS SOILS; HIGHER-PLANTS; COPPER DEFICIENCY; MINERAL NUTRIENTS; IRON-CHLOROSIS; MOLYBDENUM ADSORPTION C1 EMBRAPA, Natl Rice & Bean Res Ctr, BR-75375000 Santo Antonio de Goias, Go, Brazil. ARS, Alternate Crops & Syst Res Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, USDA, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Fageria, NK (reprint author), EMBRAPA, Natl Rice & Bean Res Ctr, BR-75375000 Santo Antonio de Goias, Go, Brazil. RI Koleva, Lyubka/B-4695-2009 NR 470 TC 200 Z9 214 U1 11 U2 71 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 BN 0-12-000795-9 J9 ADV AGRON JI Adv. Agron. PY 2002 VL 77 BP 185 EP 268 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(02)77015-6 PG 84 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BU33L UT WOS:000175714900004 ER PT J AU Kimball, BA Kobayashi, K Bindi, M AF Kimball, BA Kobayashi, K Bindi, M TI Responses of agricultural crops to free-air CO2 enrichment SO ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY, VOL 77 SE ADVANCES IN AGRONOMY LA English DT Review ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; SYMBIOTIC N-2 FIXATION; BENEATH LOLIUM-PERENNE; SOURCE-SINK RELATIONS; SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; TRIFOLIUM-REPENS L; VITIS-VINIFERA L.; CO-2 ENRICHMENT C1 ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058604, Japan. Univ Florence, Dept Agron & Land Management, I-50144 Florence, Italy. RP Kimball, BA (reprint author), ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RI bindi, marco/M-6415-2014 OI bindi, marco/0000-0002-8968-954X NR 128 TC 486 Z9 547 U1 23 U2 133 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2113 J9 ADV AGRON PY 2002 VL 77 BP 293 EP 368 DI 10.1016/S0065-2113(02)77017-X PG 76 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA BU33L UT WOS:000175714900006 ER PT S AU Weinstock, IA Barbuzzi, EMG Sonnen, DM Hill, CL AF Weinstock, IA Barbuzzi, EMG Sonnen, DM Hill, CL BE Lankey, RL Anastas, PT TI An environmentally benign catalytic polyoxometalate technology for transforming wood pulp into paper SO ADVANCING SUSTAINABILITY THROUGH GREEN CHEMISTRY AND ENGINEERING SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual Green Chemistry and Engineering Conference CY JUN 27-29, 2000 CL NATL ACAD SCI, WASHINGTON, D.C. HO NATL ACAD SCI ID TRANSITION-METAL CATALYSIS; WATER-SOLUBLE SALTS; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; LIGNIN PEROXIDASE; POM ANIONS; DELIGNIFICATION; OXIDATION; OXYGEN; DEGRADATION AB An environmentally benign technology, based on a solution of equilibrated polyoxometalate (POM) salts and oxygen, is being developed to bleach wood pulps for use in the manufacture of paper. Unlike conventional chlorine-based technologies, this biomimetic chemistry uses only oxygen and water and produces no liquid waste. This research constitutes a new general approach to the design of soluble transition metal catalysts for aerobic oxidation in water. The PCM-based catalyst is thermodynamically stable under the operating conditions and is the first catalyst designed to act as its own buffer. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Weinstock, IA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RI Anastas, Paul/L-3258-2013 OI Anastas, Paul/0000-0003-4777-5172 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3778-6 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2002 VL 823 BP 87 EP 100 DI 10.1021/bk-2002-0823.ch007 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BW15X UT WOS:000181025100007 ER PT S AU Sharpley, A Kleinman, P Wright, B Daniel, T Joern, B Parry, R Sobecki, T AF Sharpley, A Kleinman, P Wright, B Daniel, T Joern, B Parry, R Sobecki, T BE Steenvoorden, J Claessen, F Willems, J TI The National Phosphorus Project: interfacing agricultural and environmental phosphorus management in the USA SO AGRICULTURAL EFFECTS ON GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS: RESEARCH AT THE EDGE OF SCIENCE AND SOCIETY SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Agricultural Effects on Ground and Surface Waters CY OCT, 2000 CL WAGENINGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Commiss Waster Quality, Int Hydrol Programme UNESCO, Natl Commiss Netherlands, Hdrol & Water Resources Programme WMO, Natl Commiss Netherlands, Int Hydrol Programme UNESCO, Natl Comm Fed Republic Germany, Hydrol & Water Resources Programme WMO, Natl Comm Fed Republic Germany DE continental USA; eutrophication; manure management; nonpoint source pollution; nutrient management planning; rainfall simulation; soil phosphorus thresholds; surface runoff; water quality ID SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; LOSSES; MANURE; RUNOFF AB The Unites States National Phosphorus (P) Project was initiated to address the needs of farmers, regulators, and policymakers by identifying environmental thresholds of soil P, constructing tools to define critical source areas of P export from watersheds, and developing integrated nutrient management strategies for water quality protection. A consortium of federal and state government agencies and universities are participating in the project. Initial project results point to a nonlinear relationship between runoff P and soil P for most soils, suggesting the existence of natural thresholds in soil P, above which there is a higher risk of P loss in runoff. Other findings indicate that P release to runoff from noncalcareous soils is greater than that from calcareous soils. Over the next five years, the National P Project is expected to contribute to the development of cost-effective nutrient management strategies that target remedial activities on landscapes susceptible to P loss. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sharpley, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-76-7 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2002 IS 273 BP 95 EP 100 PG 6 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BU84Y UT WOS:000177183000015 ER PT B AU Hopkins, JW Morehart, M AF Hopkins, JW Morehart, M BE Tweeten, L Thompson, SR TI An empirical analysis of the farm problem: Comparability in rates of return SO AGRICULTURAL POLICY FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Challenging the Agricultural Economics Paradigm CY SEP, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH HO OHIO STATE UNIV AB A national comparison shows that the median rate of return for nonfarm businesses exceeds farm businesses by approximately three percentage points, but that large farms are four percentage points higher than nonfarm businesses at the median. Distributional analysis reveals that nonfarm businesses lagged farm business below the median but exceeded them above the median of the distribution. Decomposition methods show that asset turnover rather than differences in operating profit margins explains most of the divergence in rates of profit to entrepreneurs in the farm and nonfarm sectors. C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Hopkins, JW (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOWA STATE UNIV PRESS PI AMES PA 2121 STATE AVE, AMES, IA 50014-8300 USA BN 0-8138-0899-5 PY 2002 BP 70 EP 90 DI 10.1002/9780470390375.ch4 PG 21 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA BV23R UT WOS:000178301400004 ER PT B AU Persaud, S Tweeten, L AF Persaud, S Tweeten, L BE Tweeten, L Thompson, SR TI Impact of agribusiness market power on farmers SO AGRICULTURAL POLICY FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Challenging the Agricultural Economics Paradigm CY SEP, 2000 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID COMPETITIVE FOOD-INDUSTRY; RETAIL PRICE SPREAD; PACKING INDUSTRY AB Economic studies indicate that agribusiness industries supplying farm inputs and processing and marketing farm output are imperfectly competitive. The economic efficiency gains attending economies of size attained through agribusiness concentration and firm growth have overshadowed any losses from agribusiness market power. Thus, increasing concentration of agribusiness has benefited the nation. Gains have gone to consumers and to farmers as consumers. An agribusiness of small competitive firms would not have created the innovative input technologies nor advertised to create the food demand that have raised American farm households to unprecedented levels of prosperity. Because of high development costs and economies of size in agribusiness, imperfect competition will become the rule rather than the exception. Farmers will need to adapt to (and can continue to prosper) operating in that environment that benefits the nation. C1 USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Persaud, S (reprint author), USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOWA STATE UNIV PRESS PI AMES PA 2121 STATE AVE, AMES, IA 50014-8300 USA BN 0-8138-0899-5 PY 2002 BP 127 EP 145 DI 10.1002/9780470390375.ch7 PG 19 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA BV23R UT WOS:000178301400007 ER PT B AU Bloodworth, H Uri, ND AF Bloodworth, H Uri, ND BE Kimble, JM Lal, R Follett, RF TI Trend in use of conservation practices in US agriculture and its implication for global climate change SO AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND POLICIES FOR CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN SOIL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Agricultural Practices and Policies for Carbon Sequestration in Soil CY JUL, 1999 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID CARBON; TILLAGE; SOIL C1 USDA, NRCS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Bloodworth, H (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-581-9 PY 2002 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BU23D UT WOS:000175406000002 ER PT B AU Franzluebbers, AJ Steiner, JL AF Franzluebbers, AJ Steiner, JL BE Kimble, JM Lal, R Follett, RF TI Climatic influences on soil organic carbon storage with no tillage SO AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND POLICIES FOR CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN SOIL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Agricultural Practices and Policies for Carbon Sequestration in Soil CY JUL, 1999 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID LONG-TERM TILLAGE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; GREAT-PLAINS; NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; CONVENTIONAL-TILLAGE; CROPPING INTENSITY; MANAGEMENT-SYSTEMS; CONTINUOUS CORN; ZERO-TILLAGE; MATTER AB No-tillage crop production has become an accepted practice throughout the U.S. The Kyoto Protocol on climate change has prompted great interest in conservation tillage as a management strategy to help sequester CO(2) from the atmosphere into soil organic matter. Numerous reports published in recent years indicate a large variation in the amount of potential soil organic carbon (SOC) storage with no tillage (NT) compared with conventional tillage (CT). Environmental controls (i.e., macroclimatic variables of temperature and precipitation) may limit the potential of NT to store SOC. We synthesized available data on SOC storage with NT compared with CT from published reports representing 111 comparisons from 39 locations in 19 states and provinces across the U.S. and Canada. These sites provided a climatic continuum of mean annual temperature and precipitation, which was used to identify potential SOC storage limitations with NT. Soil organic C storage potential under NT was greatest (similar to0.050 kg (.) m(-2) (.) yr(-1)) in subhumid regions of North America with mean annual precipitation-to-potential evapotranspiration ratios of 1,1 to 1.4 mm (.) mm(-1). Although NT is important for water conservation, aggregation, and protection of the soil surface from wind and water erosion in all climates, potential SOC storage with NT compared with CT was lowest in cold and dry climates, perhaps due to prevailing cropping systems that relied on low-intensity cropping, which limited C fixation. Published data indicate that increasing cropping intensity to utilize a greater fraction of available water in cold and dry climates can increase potential SOC storage with NT. These analyses indicate greatest potential SOC storage with NT would be most likely in the relatively mild climatic regions rather than extreme environments. C1 USDA ARS, J Phillip Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phillip Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 50 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-581-9 PY 2002 BP 71 EP 86 PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BU23D UT WOS:000175406000007 ER PT B AU Reicosky, DC AF Reicosky, DC BE Kimble, JM Lal, R Follett, RF TI Long-term effect of moldboard plowing on tillage-induced CO2 loss SO AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND POLICIES FOR CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN SOIL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Agricultural Practices and Policies for Carbon Sequestration in Soil CY JUL, 1999 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID CARBON-DIOXIDE LOSS; SOIL; CHAMBER; FLUX; ATMOSPHERE; EVOLUTION AB The possibility of global greenhouse warming due to rapid increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) is receiving attention. Agriculture's role in sequestering carbon (C) is not clearly understood. Intensive tillage reportedly has caused between a 30 to 50% decrease in soil C since many soils were brought into cultivation; recent studies have shown a large short-term Pulse Of CO2 released immediately following tillage, which partially explains C loss from soils. The objective of this work was to evaluate the long-term effects (3 months) of moldboard plowing on CO2 loss from a Barnes loam (Udic Haploborolls, fine-loamy, mixed) in west central Minnesota (45degrees41'14"N latitude and 95degrees47'57" W longitude). Treatments were weed-free replicated plots that were moldboard plowed and not tilled. Tillage-induced CO2 loss was periodically measured using a large portable chamber for 87 days during summer of 1998. The soil CO2 concentration was measured at 5-, 10-, 20-, 30-, 50-, and 70-cm depths in the not-tilled plots and 30-, 50-, and 70-cm depths in plowed plots. Soil gas samples were drawn once or twice weekly throughout the growing season from stainless-steel mesh sampling tubes; they were drawn with gas-tight syringes and run through an infrared gas analyzer using a computer-controlled data system and numerical integration techniques to determine the concentration. The initial flush of CO2 immediately after moldboard plowing was nearly 100 g CO2 m(-1) h(-1), while that from the not-tilled treatment was less than 0.9 g CO2 m(-2) h(-1). The flux from the plowed plots declined rapidly during the first 4 hours to 7 g CO2 m(-2) h(-1) and yielded a cumulative CO2 flux from the moldboard plow treatment 14 times that from not-tilled plots. For the 85-day period following tillage, the cumulative CO2 flux from the plowed treatment was 2.4 times higher that from not tilled. Both treatments showed a seasonal trend as soil temperature cooled and fluctuations occurred associated with rainfall events. Soil gas samples showed a similar trend with an increase in the CO2 concentration with depth on the not-tilled plots until day 200, then gradually declined as soil C resources were used and temperatures decreased. Carbon dioxide concentrations were highest at the 30-, 50-, 70-cm depths. The decline in soil CO2 concentration on the moldboard plow treatment was more dramatic than on the not-tilled treatment suggesting that higher air permeability in the tilled layer resulted in the higher gas exchange. Results support previous short-term fluxes and confirm the role of intensive tillage in long-term soil C decline. The large differences in CO2 loss between moldboard plow and not-tilled treatments reflect the need for improved soil management and conservation policies that favor conservation tillage to enable C sequestration in agricultural production systems. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Reicosky, DC (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-581-9 PY 2002 BP 87 EP 97 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BU23D UT WOS:000175406000008 ER PT B AU Brenner, J Paustian, K Bluhm, G Killian, K Cipra, J Dudek, B Williams, S Kautza, T AF Brenner, J Paustian, K Bluhm, G Killian, K Cipra, J Dudek, B Williams, S Kautza, T BE Kimble, JM Lal, R Follett, RF TI Analysis and reporting of carbon sequestration and greenhouse gases for conservation districts in Iowa SO AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND POLICIES FOR CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN SOIL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Agricultural Practices and Policies for Carbon Sequestration in Soil CY JUL, 1999 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID SOIL C1 USDA, NRCS, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Brenner, J (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Ft Collins, CO USA. RI Paustian, Keith/L-7593-2016 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-581-9 PY 2002 BP 127 EP 139 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BU23D UT WOS:000175406000012 ER PT B AU Rickman, RW Douglas, CL Albrecht, SL Berc, JL AF Rickman, RW Douglas, CL Albrecht, SL Berc, JL BE Kimble, JM Lal, R Follett, RF TI CQESTR - Predicting carbon sequestration in agricultural cropland and grassland soils SO AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND POLICIES FOR CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN SOIL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Agricultural Practices and Policies for Carbon Sequestration in Soil CY JUL, 1999 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID ROOT SYSTEMS; DECOMPOSITION; NITROGEN; WHEAT AB Implementation of a national program for increasing organic carbon levels in agricultural soils will ultimately require specific management plans for individual fields throughout the nation. A tool to help create those plans must provide estimates of change in soil carbon as controlled by crop rotation, tillage practices, local climate, and soil. A program named CQESTR (sequester) has been developed by USDA ARS at Pendleton, OR, to fulfill this need. The program uses a budget of carbon-based residue additions and microbial decomposition losses to estimate rate of gain or loss of soil organic matter (OM). Rotation production and tillage practices are obtained from existing data files created and utilized by the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE). Residue nitrogen content and soil layer information including depth, bulk density, and starting organic matter content must be obtained independently from the RUSLE data files. The rate of gain or loss of soil carbon was calibrated to long-term management plots from Pendleton. Comparisons with reported soil carbon changes in long-term plots throughout North America have begun. C1 USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. RP Rickman, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Columbia Plateau Conservat Res Ctr, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-581-9 PY 2002 BP 177 EP 181 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BU23D UT WOS:000175406000016 ER PT B AU Olness, A Lopez, D Cordes, J Sweeney, C Mattson, N Voorhees, WB AF Olness, A Lopez, D Cordes, J Sweeney, C Mattson, N Voorhees, WB BE Kimble, JM Lal, R Follett, RF TI Application of a management decision aid for sequestration of carbon and nitrogen in soil SO AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND POLICIES FOR CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN SOIL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Agricultural Practices and Policies for Carbon Sequestration in Soil CY JUL, 1999 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID SPRING BARLEY; DRY-MATTER; SHOOT; ROOT; TEMPERATURE; VARIETIES; MAIZE; FIELD C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Olness, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-581-9 PY 2002 BP 245 EP 253 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BU23D UT WOS:000175406000023 ER PT B AU Hopkins, J AF Hopkins, J BE Kimble, JM Lal, R Follett, RF TI On-farm carbon sinks: Production and sequestration complementarities SO AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND POLICIES FOR CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN SOIL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Agricultural Practices and Policies for Carbon Sequestration in Soil CY JUL, 1999 CL OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH HO OHIO STATE UNIV ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; UNITED-STATES; EROSION; ROTATION; TILLAGE AB A model of optimal residue management is presented to illustrate the economic tradeoffs associated with residue management adoption. In general, the benefits of residue management are not realized in the present, but in the future, through maintenance of nutrient stocks, soil profile depth, and soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. However, these future benefits come at a price, realized in the present, of residue management. A dynamic model of optimal residue and fertility management, which values future stocks of nutrients, soil depth, and SOC, is used to arbitrage the intertemporal tradeoff of benefits for costs. SOC is treated as an input in corn production, with minimal substitution possibilities with soil depth and soil nutrients; 0, 5, and 10% yield effects from increased SOC are alternatively modeled. Results indicate that without a yield effect, annual rates of SOC buildup do not exceed 0.2 tons per acre in SOC, although a 10% yield effect would nearly double the rate of SOC buildup. C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Hopkins, J (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LEWIS PUBLISHERS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA BN 1-56670-581-9 PY 2002 BP 433 EP 447 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BU23D UT WOS:000175406000042 ER PT J AU Luckeydoo, LM Fausey, NR Brown, LC Davis, CB AF Luckeydoo, LM Fausey, NR Brown, LC Davis, CB TI Early development of vascular vegetation of constructed wetlands in northwest Ohio receiving agricultural waters SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE treatment wetland; wetland vegetation; agricultural water management; WRSIS; Ohio AB Constructed wetlands are currently being explored for use in reducing non-point source (NPS) pollution. The Wetland Reservoir Subirrigation System (WRSIS) project links water management in agricultural fields, constructed wetlands and water storage reservoirs to enhance crop production and reduce delivery of agrichemicals and sediments to local waterways. Three WRSIS demonstration sites have been developed on prior converted cropland in the Maumee River watershed located in northwest Ohio. Construction of the wetlands was completed in 1996 and they were then allowed to passively revegetate while receiving drainage water from adjacent fields. The primary goal of this study was to characterize the initial development of vegetation, and the availability of propagules within these wetlands. Preliminary vegetation inventories conducted in 1998 identified moderate species richness but low percentage of wetland species. A germination study completed on soils from one location showed additional viable wetland species available in the seed bank. Passive revegetation of these three constructed wetlands associated with WRSIS systems has resulted in good vegetation cover, but it is lacking the desired percentage of wetland species to date. Passive revegetation may prove to be an effective and economical method of revegetating constructed wetlands within agricultural landscapes that have suitable propagule availability. ((C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Environm Sci Grad Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. ARS, USDA, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Food Agr & Biol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Luckeydoo, LM (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Environm Sci Grad Program, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM luckeydoo.1@osu.edu NR 20 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 88 IS 1 BP 89 EP 94 DI 10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00155-4 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 503BZ UT WOS:000172778400009 ER PT J AU French, AN Schmugge, TJ Kustas, WP AF French, AN Schmugge, TJ Kustas, WP TI Estimating evapotranspiration over El Reno, Oklahoma with ASTER imagery SO AGRONOMIE LA English DT Article DE evapotranspiration; surface energy balance; thermal infrared; remote sensing; ASTER ID SPACEBORNE THERMAL EMISSION; REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; TEMPERATURE C1 ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schmugge, TJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI French, Andrew/M-4734-2014 OI French, Andrew/0000-0002-4018-1817 NR 6 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0249-5627 J9 AGRONOMIE JI Agronomie PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1 BP 105 EP 106 DI 10.1051/agro:2001010 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 530VW UT WOS:000174380500007 ER PT J AU Andrews, SS Moorman, TB AF Andrews, SS Moorman, TB TI Papers presented at the symposium, "Soil Quality as an Indicator of Sustainable Land Management: Demonstrated Successes and Continued Needs," held at the Salt Palace Convention Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 3 Nov 1999, during the ASA-CSSA-SSSA annual meetings. Introduction SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Andrews, SS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 2 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 94 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 518HH UT WOS:000173661400001 ER PT J AU Herrick, JE Brown, JR Tugel, AJ Shaver, PL Havstad, KM AF Herrick, JE Brown, JR Tugel, AJ Shaver, PL Havstad, KM TI Application of soil quality to monitoring and management: Paradigms from rangeland ecology SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Soil Quality as an Indicator of Sustainable Land Management CY NOV 03, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP SSSA Div S 3, S 6, S 11, ASA Div A 5 ID WIND EROSION; ORGANIC-MATTER; SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES; CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; VEGETATION; GRASSLAND; MESQUITE; NUTRIENTS; DESERTIFICATION; SUSTAINABILITY AB Recent interest in soil quality and rangeland health, and the large areas set aside under the USDA Conservation Reserve Program, have contributed to a gradual convergence of assessment, monitoring, and management approaches in croplands and rangelands. The objective of this paper is to describe a basis for integrating soils and soil quality into rangeland monitoring, and through monitoring, into management. Previous attempts to integrate soil indicators into rangeland monitoring programs have often failed due to a lack of understanding of how to apply those indicators to ecosystem function and management. We discuss four guidelines that we have used to select and interpret soil and soil quality indicators in rangelands and illustrate them using a recently developed rangeland monitoring system. The guidelines include (i) identifying a suite of indicators that are consistently correlated with the functional status of one or more critical ecosystem processes, including those related to soil stability, soil water infiltration, and the capacity or the ecosystem to recover following disturbance; (ii) basing indicator selection on inherent soil and site characteristics and on site- or project-specific resource concerns, such as erosion or species invasion; (iii) using spatial variability in developing and interpreting indicators to make them more representative of ecological processes; and (iv) interpreting indicators in the context of an understanding of dynamic, nonlinear ecological processes defined by thresholds. The approach defined by these guidelines may serve as a paradigm for applying the soil quality concept in other ecosystems, including forests and ecosystems managed for annual and perennial crop production. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, USDA NRCS, Jornada Exp Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Oregon State Univ, USDA NRCS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, MSC 3JER,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jherrick@nmsu.edu NR 58 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 94 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 518HH UT WOS:000173661400002 ER PT J AU Andrews, SS Mitchell, JP Mancinelli, R Karlen, DL Hartz, TK Horwath, WR Pettygrove, GS Scow, KM Munk, DS AF Andrews, SS Mitchell, JP Mancinelli, R Karlen, DL Hartz, TK Horwath, WR Pettygrove, GS Scow, KM Munk, DS TI On-farm assessment of soil quality in California's central valley SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Soil Quality as an Indicator of Sustainable Land Management CY NOV 03, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP SSSA Div S 3, S 6, S 11, ASA Div A 5 ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS; ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; COMPOSTS; SYSTEM AB The high-value, large-scale crop production systems in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of California typically entail intensive tillage and large fertilizer and water inputs but few C additions to the soil. Such practices often contribute to a decline in soil quality. Our objective for this participatory study was to examine the effects of supplemental C management practices (SCMPs) on various soil quality indicators. To increase farmer participation, we conducted the study on farms using a variety of SCMPs, including cover crops, compost and manure amendments, and several different crop rotations common to the region. The SCMPs significantly changed a number of soil properties, including soil organic matter (SOM); total Kjeldahl N; microbial biomass C and N; exchangeable K; Olsen P; and extractable Fe, Mn, and Zn. A comparison including previously established, adjacent organic, conventional, and transitional fields in addition to the treatment fields at one farm revealed significant differences in 16 of 18 soil quality indicators. A soil quality index computed for this farm scored the established organic system significantly higher than the conventional system. Our results suggest that significant changes in several soil quality indicators occur with a variety of SCMPs. This is especially noteworthy considering the intensive tillage, irrigation, and hot, semiarid environment of the SJV, California, where increases in SOM and related soil properties are generally not expected in a 3-yr study. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vegetable Crops & Weed Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Soils & Biogeochem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Tuscia, Dept Crop Prod, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy. Univ Calif Coop Ext, Fresno, CA 93702 USA. RP Andrews, SS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Mancinelli, Roberto/K-6427-2014 OI Mancinelli, Roberto/0000-0002-8396-6307 NR 62 TC 133 Z9 153 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 94 IS 1 BP 12 EP 23 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 518HH UT WOS:000173661400003 ER PT J AU Wander, MM Walter, GL Nissen, TM Bollero, GA Andrews, SS Cavanaugh-Grant, DA AF Wander, MM Walter, GL Nissen, TM Bollero, GA Andrews, SS Cavanaugh-Grant, DA TI Soil quality: Science and process SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Soil Quality as an Indicator of Sustainable Land Management CY NOV 03, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP SSSA Div S 3, S 6, S 11, ASA Div A 5 ID ORGANIC-MATTER; ILLINOIS; INTENSIFICATION; AGRICULTURE; FRAMEWORK; SYSTEMS; TILLAGE; IMPACTS AB The term soil quality (SQ) encompasses both a soil's productive and environmental capabilities. Strategies or frameworks that help farmers manage SQ are vital as sole emphasis on production can have negative environmental consequences and exclusive focus on environmental considerations could endanger supplies of food or fiber. Recent efforts in the USA have prioritized the development of SQ assessment strategies that would be used by individual farmers. The Illinois Soil Quality Initiative (ISQI) is an example of a participatory research strategy coupled with a SQ index-screening trial conducted on farm fields. A multivariate approach was used to identify promising indices and document tradeoffs in soil condition that were associated with tillage choices. Participatory aspects of the project confirmed that farmers appreciated the multivariate nature of soil and had great interest in SQ and stewardship. A dialogue component of the project had been structured to identify and then respond to cooperators' SQ information needs and to contribute to the development of indices that were related to soil function. Cooperator feedback suggested that a simple extension of this approach would be incapable of motivating or justifying the adoption of SQ building practices because factors constraining management choices were primarily structural (socioeconomic). Constructive follow-up efforts might strive to develop techniques to integrate SQ information into frameworks that reflect the outcomes to be achieved within social or economic contexts. Only by devising such strategies (which might combine models, indices, expert knowledge, and/or direct measurement) will we be able to manage the soil resource to achieve desired ends. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Human & Community Dev, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wander, MM (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 49 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 94 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 518HH UT WOS:000173661400004 ER PT J AU Ditzler, CA Tugel, AJ AF Ditzler, CA Tugel, AJ TI Soil quality field tools: Experiences of USDA-NRCS Soil Quality Institute SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Soil Quality as an Indicator of Sustainable Land Management CY NOV 03, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP SSSA Div S 3, S 6, S 11, ASA Div A 5 ID INDICATORS; FRAMEWORK AB The mission of the Soil Quality Institute (SQI) of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service is to develop and disseminate tools for soil quality assessment. In keeping with this mission, the SQI, through partnerships, has developed two assessment tools for use by farmers and field staff. We review these efforts here. The first, the Soil Quality Card Design Guide, provides a nine-step process for conducting workshops to guide farmers in the development of locally adapted soil quality assessment cards. The second, the Soil Quality Test Kit Guide, provides instructions and interpretations for 11 field tests representing physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil. In this paper, we present a summary of soil quality cards developed in seven states. An important strength of the soil quality card design process lies with the active participation of farmers to design the cards themselves as part of locally lead conservation activities. We also present results from soil quality test kit training workshops showing that the test kit provides an excellent framework for teaching soil quality concepts in the field. Regular use to compare effects of management systems or monitor changes over time will likely be limited to farmers with fairly high skill levels, specialists, and agricultural consultants. C1 USDA NRCS, Soil Qual Inst, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA NRCS, Soil Qual Inst, Jornada Exp Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Ditzler, CA (reprint author), Natl Soil Survey Cent, 100 Centennial Mall N,Room 152, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NR 20 TC 40 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 94 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 518HH UT WOS:000173661400005 ER PT J AU Williams, MJ Chase, CC Hammond, AC AF Williams, MJ Chase, CC Hammond, AC TI Diet quality and performance of heifers in the subtropics SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HEREFORD CATTLE; RHIZOMA PEANUT; STOCKING RATE; SENEPOL; FLORIDA; PASTURE; GROWTH; GRASS; ANGUS; GAIN AB The effects of continuous vs. rotational stocking of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge), previous winter nutritional regimen (corn (Zea mays L.) + soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] meal (CS) vs. soybean meal (SBM)), and breed [Angus, Hereford, and Senepol (Bos taurus) and Brahman (B. indicus)] were determined in 1990 to 1992. Forage mass [kg ha(-1) dry matter (DM)], forage nutritive value [crude protein (CP) and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD)], average daily gain (ADG), body weight (BW), body, condition score (BCS), and plasma urea N (PUN) and glucose (PGLU) were measured. There was a consistent carryover effect (P < 0.05) of winter supplementation for initial BW and BCS, with CS > SBM while for PUN, SBM > CS. Breed affected most animal variables, with the general ranking of Angus less than or equal to Hereford less than or equal to Brahman and Sene. pol. Forage mass varied from an average of 1000 kg ha(-1) in 1990 to 2000 kg ha(-1) in 1992 because of rainfall distribution. Grazing treatment did not affect forage DM, CP, or IVOMD, but heifers that were continuously grazed had higher (P = 0.0001) PUN levels than heifers that were rotationally grazed. Only during 1990, when dry weather restricted forage growth, did this translate into a trend for improved ADG and final BW. Because grazing management did not affect heifer performance in most years, the effects noted in this study resulted from: (i) the change in forage nutritive value during the grazing season; (ii) the carryover effect of previous winter supplementation; and (iii) breed differences, particularly temperate vs. tropical breeds. C1 ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. ARS, USDA, SAA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Williams, MJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, 22271 Chinsegut Hill Rd, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 94 IS 1 BP 88 EP 95 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 518HH UT WOS:000173661400013 ER PT J AU Eghball, B AF Eghball, B TI Soil properties as influenced by phosphorus- and nitrogen-based manure and compost applications SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CATTLE FEEDLOT MANURE; CARBON AB Manure or compost application based on N needs of corn (Zea mays L.) may result in soil accumulation of P, N, and other ions, since the manure or compost NIP ratio is usually smaller than the corn N/P uptake ratio. This study was conducted from 1992 to 1996 to evaluate the effects of annual or biennial application of N- and P-based composted and noncomposted beef cattle (Bos taurus) feed-lot manure on soil properties. Fertilized and unfertilized checks were also included. Soil surface (0-15 cm) pH significantly increased with N-based manure (MN) or compost application (CN), but decreased with NH4-N fertilizer application as compared with the check. Soil bulk density was unaffected by manure or compost application. After 4 yr of manure and compost applications, soil surface (0-15 cm) C and N concentrations and quantities were greater for N- than P-based management systems. About 25% of applied manure C and 36% of applied compost C remained in the soil after 4 yr of application, indicating greater C sequestration with composted than noncomposted manure. No significant difference was observed between fertilizer and check plots for soil total C or N. Soil properties in the 15- to 30-cm increment were unaffected by the applied treatments except soil electrical conductivity (EC). Residual soil NO3 to a depth of 1.2 in was greater for inorganic fertilizer than manure and compost treatments in drier years. Soil property changes were greater for the annual or biennial N-based than P-based manure or compost applications, reflecting the differences in application amounts. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Eghball, B (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 22 TC 148 Z9 153 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 94 IS 1 BP 128 EP 135 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 518HH UT WOS:000173661400018 ER PT J AU Dao, TH Stiegler, JH Banks, JC Boerngen, LB Adams, B AF Dao, TH Stiegler, JH Banks, JC Boerngen, LB Adams, B TI Post-contract land use effects on soil carbon and nitrogen in conservation reserve grasslands SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FALLOW TILLAGE MANAGEMENT; ORGANIC-CARBON; PROGRAM; QUALITY; RANGELAND; DIOXIDE; STORAGE; PLAINS; FIELDS; SOD AB Carbon and N changes in highly erodible croplands (HELs) under the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and the effects of reverting to cultivation in semiarid regions are not well understood. The effects of four transitional production systems [Old World bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum L.)-unfertilized (OWBUF), Old World bluestem-fertilized (OWBF), conservation-tillage (CT), and no-till (NT) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)] on soil C and N were determined in two CRP fields in western Oklahoma. Soil potentially mineralizable C (PMC) and N (PMN) were determined in cores collected before and after the reinitiation of cultivation in 1994 and in 1997. Compared with soils of the same series from adjoining cultivated fields, Old World bluestem (OWB) cover increased soil PMC, primarily in the 0- to 0.1-m depth of Dalhart (Aridic Haplustalfs) and La Casa-Aspermont (Typic Paleustolls) soils before 1994. Negative PMN required a high level of fertility management to improve stand productivity. Shift from OWB to wheat increased soil PMC and PMN in the short-term. No-till and CT treatments had PMC averaging 8.9 and 9.6 g m(-3) d(-1) or 23 to 32% higher than those from OWB treatments in the 0- to 0-3-m depth of Dalhart soil. Soil PMC of the CT treatment averaged 7.2 g m(-3) d(-1) or 73% higher than that of the La Casa-Aspermont under OWB. The trend of higher mineralizable C and N suggested that post-CRP conservation practices, in particular NT, contributed to HEL restoration by also controlling the upward movement and loss of CO3-C, maintaining these lands as C sinks in semi-arid regions. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Altus, OK 73521 USA. USDA NRCS, Beaver, OK 73932 USA. USDA NRCS, Altus, OK 73521 USA. RP Dao, TH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 94 IS 1 BP 146 EP 152 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 518HH UT WOS:000173661400020 ER PT J AU Dinnes, DL Karlen, DL Jaynes, DB Kaspar, TC Hatfield, JL Colvin, TS Cambardella, CA AF Dinnes, DL Karlen, DL Jaynes, DB Kaspar, TC Hatfield, JL Colvin, TS Cambardella, CA TI Nitrogen management strategies to reduce nitrate leaching in tile-drained midwestern soils SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Review ID WATER-TABLE MANAGEMENT; ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE CORN; COVER CROP MANAGEMENT; ANHYDROUS AMMONIA; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; RIPARIAN FOREST; UNITED-STATES AB Balancing the amount of N needed for optimum plant growth while minimizing the NO3 that is transported to ground and surface waters remains a major challenge for everyone attempting to understand and improve agricultural nutrient use efficiency. Our objectives for this review are to examine how changes in agricultural management practices during the past century have affected N in midwestern soils and to identify the types of research and management practices needed to reduce the potential for nonpoint NO3 leakage into water resources. Inherent soil characteristics and management practices contributing to nonpoint NO3 loss from midwestern soils, the impact of NO3 loading on surface water quality, improved N management strategies, and research needs are discussed. Artificial drainage systems can have a significant impact on water quality because they behave like shallow, direct conduits to surface waters. Nonpoint loss of NO3 from fields to water resources, however, is not caused by any single factor. Rather, it is caused by a combination of factors, including tillage, drainage, crop selection, soil organic matter levels, hydrology, and temperature and precipitation patterns. Strategies for reducing NO3 loss through drainage include improved timing of N application at appropriate rates, using soil tests and plant monitoring, diversifying crop rotations, using cover crops, reducing tillage, optimizing N application techniques, and using nitrification inhibitors. Nitrate can also be removed from water by establishing wetlands or biofilters. Research that is focused on understanding methods to minimize NO3 contamination of water resources should also be used to educate the public about the complexity of the problem and the need for multiple management strategies to solve the problem across agricultural landscapes. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM dinnes@nstl.gov RI Dinnes, Dana/A-7793-2009 NR 177 TC 407 Z9 429 U1 32 U2 317 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 EI 1435-0645 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 94 IS 1 BP 153 EP 171 PG 19 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 518HH UT WOS:000173661400021 ER PT B AU Duke, SO Rimando, A Scheffler, B Dayan, FE AF Duke, SO Rimando, A Scheffler, B Dayan, FE BE Reigosa, MJ Pedrol, N TI Strategies for research in applied aspects of allelopathy SO ALLELOPATHY: FROM MOLECULES TO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st European Allelopathy Symposium CY 2001 CL VIGO, SPAIN SP European Allelopathy Soc, Int Allelopathy Soc ID NATURAL-PRODUCTS; PHYTOTOXICITY; CHLOROPHYLL; SYNTHETASE; INHIBITOR; CINEOLES; RICE AB Strategies for the discovery of allelochemicals from plants, for determination of the mode of action of these compounds, and for manipulation of production of these compounds in crops are presented. The advantages of modem bioassay-guided discovery strategies are provided. A holistic approach to the determination of molecular target sites of allelochemicals is discussed. Finally, strategies for enhancement of allelochemical production in crops via transgene technology are detailed. C1 Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE PUBLISHERS INC PI ENFIELD PA MAY ST, PO BOX 699, ENFIELD, NH 03748 USA BN 1-57808-254-4 PY 2002 BP 139 EP 152 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW43K UT WOS:000181977500009 ER PT B AU Duke, SO Scheffler, BE Dayan, FE AF Duke, SO Scheffler, BE Dayan, FE BE Reigosa, MJ Pedrol, N TI Allelochemicals as herbicides SO ALLELOPATHY: FROM MOLECULES TO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st European Allelopathy Symposium CY 2001 CL VIGO, SPAIN SP European Allelopathy Soc, Int Allelopathy Soc ID NATURAL-PRODUCTS; REGULATORY GENE; PLANT; PHYTOTOXICITY; QUASSINOIDS; ARTEMISININ; INHIBITION; SYNTHETASE; CINEOLES; SITE AB Phytotoxic natural products (including allelochemicals) offer a great deal of potential in weed management. These compounds are usually toxicologically and environmentally benign, and they offer the potential for the discovery of new molecular target sites for herbicides. Some of them can be used directly as herbicides, although few natural products have the proper combination of traits desirable in herbicides. These properties can sometimes be added by chemical modification of the natural compound. Another approach to deliver these natural compounds as herbicides is to genetically engineer adequate production of them into crops for weed management. This should only be done when barriers to gene flow to other species or even to other varieties of the same crop are in place. C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE PUBLISHERS INC PI ENFIELD PA MAY ST, PO BOX 699, ENFIELD, NH 03748 USA BN 1-57808-254-4 PY 2002 BP 183 EP 195 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW43K UT WOS:000181977500011 ER PT J AU Peterson, JK Harrison, HF AF Peterson, JK Harrison, HF TI Suppression effect of Capsicum chinense Jacq. on Southern rootknot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood] in peppers and tomato SO ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Capsicum annuum; Capsicum chinense; companion planting; Lycopersicon esculentum; Meloidogyne incognita; pepper; rootknot; nematode; tomato ID KNOT NEMATODE; RESISTANCE C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Peterson, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Lab, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ALLELOPATHY FOUNDATION PI HISAR PA 9/12 CCS HARYANA AGRICULTURAL UNIV, HISAR 125 004, INDIA SN 0971-4693 J9 ALLELOPATHY J JI Allelopathy J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 59 EP 62 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 515VR UT WOS:000173517800008 ER PT B AU Erwin, PV AF Erwin, PV GP AASV AASV AASV TI When foreign animal disease isn't foreign anymore SO AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF SWINE VETERINARIANS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Swine-Veterinarians CY MAR 02-05, 2002 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP Amer Assoc Swine Vet C1 USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, Wellington, KS USA. RP Erwin, PV (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, Wellington, KS USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC SWINE VETERINARIANS PI PERRY PA 902 1ST AVE, PERRY, IA 50220 USA PY 2002 BP 235 EP 235 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BV86W UT WOS:000180265600059 ER PT B AU Bush, EJ Fedorka-Cray, PJ Gray, J Patton, S Campion, S AF Bush, EJ Fedorka-Cray, PJ Gray, J Patton, S Campion, S GP AASV AASV AASV TI Prevalence of food-borne pathogens of swine from the NAHMS swine 2000 study SO AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF SWINE VETERINARIANS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Swine-Veterinarians CY MAR 02-05, 2002 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP Amer Assoc Swine Vet ID TRICHINELLA INFECTION C1 APHIS, USDA, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Bush, EJ (reprint author), APHIS, USDA, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC SWINE VETERINARIANS PI PERRY PA 902 1ST AVE, PERRY, IA 50220 USA PY 2002 BP 327 EP 328 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BV86W UT WOS:000180265600082 ER PT B AU Bush, EJ Biehl, LG AF Bush, EJ Biehl, LG GP AASV AASV AASV TI Use of antibiotics and feed additives in weaned market pigs by US pork producers SO AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF SWINE VETERINARIANS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Swine-Veterinarians CY MAR 02-05, 2002 CL KANSAS CITY, MO SP Amer Assoc Swine Vet C1 APHIS, USDA, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Bush, EJ (reprint author), APHIS, USDA, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC SWINE VETERINARIANS PI PERRY PA 902 1ST AVE, PERRY, IA 50220 USA PY 2002 BP 329 EP 331 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA BV86W UT WOS:000180265600083 ER PT J AU De Guzman, LI Rinderer, TE Stelzer, JA Beaman, L Delatte, GT Harper, C AF De Guzman, LI Rinderer, TE Stelzer, JA Beaman, L Delatte, GT Harper, C TI Hygienic behavior by honey bees from far-eastern Russia SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hygienic behavior; Primorsky bees; far-eastern Russia; USA ID VARROA-JACOBSONI OUD; APIS-CERANA FABR; MELLIFERA L COLONIES; RESISTANCE; BROOD; INFESTATION; HYMENOPTERA; OUDEMANS; DISEASE; APIDAE AB The rate of dead bee removal by Primorsky and domestic honey bees was compared using the liquid nitrogen technique. Results from two assays showed that Primorsky honey bees consistently removed more dead brood than the domestic colonies. For both assays, 41% of the Primorsky honey bee colonies tested were considered hygienic (greater than or equal to 95% dead bee removal). Only 21% of the domestic colonies showed the hygienic trait. No correlation between removal rate and adult bee population was observed. C1 USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP De Guzman, LI (reprint author), USDA, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 142 IS 1 BP 58 EP 60 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 505TR UT WOS:000172932100017 ER PT S AU Russelle, MP AF Russelle, MP BE Cassida, K TI Perennial forages: Preserving your future SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Russelle, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,Room 439 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400008 ER PT S AU Clark, JT Russell, JR Karlen, D Busby, D AF Clark, JT Russell, JR Karlen, D Busby, D BE Cassida, K TI Effects of corn crop residue grazing on soil physical properties and subsequent soybean production in a corn-soybean crop rotation SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland C1 USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Clark, JT (reprint author), USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400012 ER PT S AU Sanderson, MA AF Sanderson, MA BE Cassida, K TI Pasture condition scores in the northeast United States SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400021 ER PT S AU Brauer, D Brown, MA Jackson, W AF Brauer, D Brown, MA Jackson, W BE Cassida, K TI Comparing Senepol cows to other dam breeds for calf production on tall fescue SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland C1 USDA, ARS, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Brauer, D (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 6883 Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 31 EP 31 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400031 ER PT S AU Fedders, JM Belesky, DP AF Fedders, JM Belesky, DP BE Cassida, K TI Botanical composition dynamics of mixed tall fescue pasture in West Virginia SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Fedders, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 37 EP 37 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400037 ER PT S AU Aiken, GE AF Aiken, GE BE Cassida, K TI Economic analysis of supplement treatments in grazing experiments SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Aiken, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 Highway 23 S, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 44 EP 44 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400044 ER PT S AU Aiken, GE Brauer, DK AF Aiken, GE Brauer, DK BE Cassida, K TI Strategic supplementation with corn for steers grazing bermudagrass SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Aiken, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 Highway 23 S, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 45 EP 45 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400045 ER PT S AU Berzaghi, P Mertens, DR Martin, NP Undersander, D AF Berzaghi, P Mertens, DR Martin, NP Undersander, D BE Cassida, K TI Comparison of two methods for determining dry matter in different types of forages SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Berzaghi, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 46 EP 46 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400046 ER PT S AU Foster, JG Clapham, WM Labreveux, M Hall, MH Sanderson, MA AF Foster, JG Clapham, WM Labreveux, M Hall, MH Sanderson, MA BE Cassida, K TI Sesquiterpene lactone composition of forage chicory cultivars grown in west Virginia and Pennsylvania SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland C1 USDA, ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Foster, JG (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 49 EP 49 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400049 ER PT S AU Martin, NP Berzaghi, P Undersander, D AF Martin, NP Berzaghi, P Undersander, D BE Cassida, K TI Improving use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy calibrations among laboratories of a network SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Martin, NP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 51 EP 51 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400051 ER PT S AU Mertens, DR Ferreira, G AF Mertens, DR Ferreira, G BE Cassida, K TI Factors affecting variation in the in vitro digestibility of corn silage SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Mertens, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 53 EP 53 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400053 ER PT S AU Turner, KE Belesky, DP AF Turner, KE Belesky, DP BE Cassida, K TI Lamb performance on orchardgrass-white clover-chicory swards fertilized with composted turkey litter SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Turner, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 57 EP 57 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400057 ER PT S AU Rotz, CA Buckmaster, DR Comerford, JW AF Rotz, CA Buckmaster, DR Comerford, JW BE Cassida, K TI An integrated farm system model for evaluating alternatives in crop, dairy, and beef production SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Rotz, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 60 EP 60 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400060 ER PT S AU Soder, KJ Rotz, CA AF Soder, KJ Rotz, CA BE Cassida, K TI Economic and environmental impacts of utilizing a total mixed ration in Pennsylvania grazing dairy herds SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Soder, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 61 EP 61 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400061 ER PT S AU Lamb, JFS Sheaffer, CC Cuomo, GJ AF Lamb, JFS Sheaffer, CC Cuomo, GJ BE Cassida, K TI Developing alfalfa for use as a biomass energy or biofuel feedstock SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland C1 USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Lamb, JFS (reprint author), USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 69 EP 69 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400069 ER PT S AU Kennedy, ML Marshall, M AF Kennedy, ML Marshall, M BE Cassida, K TI Grassland contests - Making grassland education fun SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland C1 USDA, NRCS, Houston, MO 65483 USA. RP Kennedy, ML (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Houston, MO 65483 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 70 EP 70 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400070 ER PT S AU Russelle, MP AF Russelle, MP BE Cassida, K TI Perennial forages: Preserving your future SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland ID INORGANIC NITROGEN; CROPPING SYSTEMS; SOIL; ALFALFA; FERTILIZER; WATER; DENITRIFICATION; LOSSES; YIELD; CORN AB Perennial forages provide numerous ecosystem services - cleaner surface and ground water, improved soil quality, reduced airborne particulates, and richer wildlife habitat. Especially when these crops are planted on strategically selected soils and landscape positions, they can effectively protect and enhance the environment while providing economically viable returns. Deeply rooted, high yielding perennial forages also have proven useful in remediating contaminated sites. As more roles for these crops develop, forage producers should take credit for their contributions to the sustainability of agriculture. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Minnesota Cluster, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Russelle, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Minnesota Cluster, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,Room 439 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 114 EP 121 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400083 ER PT S AU Martin, NP Berzaghi, P Undersander, D AF Martin, NP Berzaghi, P Undersander, D BE Cassida, K TI Improving use of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy calibrations among laboratories of a network SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland AB Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) a rapid, nondestructive method of analysis requiring minimal sample preparation, was first used to predict forage quality in 1976. NIRS has been approved by AOAC for moisture, Kjeldahl nitrogen, and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Commercial forage testing laboratories have used NIRS for routine analysis of hay, haylage, corn silage, and corn grain for moisture, CP, ADF, NDF, Ca, P, K, and Mg. The accuracy of NIRS has been dependent upon a calibration developed from samples that represent the population to be predicted with accurately determined conventional analytical methods. Advances in instrument performance have increased spectral accuracy and output consistency between instruments. Software advances have improved data extraction from spectra, operator understanding of the limitations of calibration equations, and the ability of network managers to monitor analytical output of instruments from remote locations. A model network of NIRS instruments has standardized drying and sample processing methods, monitoring of accuracy of reference methods, harmonization of network instruments, and monitoring of calibration equations. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Martin, NP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 180 EP 184 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400102 ER PT S AU Mertens, DR Ferreira, G AF Mertens, DR Ferreira, G BE Cassida, K TI Factors affecting variation in the in vitro digestibility of corn silage SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Mertens, DR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 187 EP 187 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400105 ER PT S AU Berzaghi, P Mertens, DR Martin, NP Undersander, D AF Berzaghi, P Mertens, DR Martin, NP Undersander, D BE Cassida, K TI Comparison of two methods for determining dry matter in different types of forages SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland AB The study compared the Association of Official Analytical Chemists method for determining dry matter (DM) at 275 Odegrees National Forage Testing Association. Nine commercial and research laboratories provided 156 dry and ground samples of corn silage (n = 45), hays (grasses, legumes and mixture; n = 67) and haylage (n = 44). Although the range of variation was similar between the two methods, the average DM content measured using the 221 degreesF method was about 2 percentage units higher than the 275 degreesF method. The relationship between DM determined at 221 degreesF and 275 degreesF had the same regression coefficient for all forages, but haylages had a larger intercept than hays and corn silages. Accurate near infrared reflectance spectroscopy equations were developed for the new 221 degreesF method for corn silages and hays (SECV = .31%). The haylage equation had a larger standard error of calibration (SECV = .53%). Haylage also had the lowest 2 correlation between the two drying methods (R-2 = .68). C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Berzaghi, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 198 EP 201 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400108 ER PT S AU Aiken, GE AF Aiken, GE BE Cassida, K TI Economic analysis of supplement treatments in grazing experiments SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland AB Assessment of economic risks of nutrient supplementation treatments that are evaluated in grazing experiments could provide worthwhile information on profit potential of a given supplement. A procedure was developed to statistically analyze economic efficiency of additional ADG over a range of potential supplement costs and determine the maximum supplement cost that falls below the breakeven point for low, intermediate and high cattle selling prices. An analysis was performed on average daily gain data collected with steers grazing bermudagrass for an experiment that measured responses to supplementation rate with ground corn (0, 1, 3, and 5 lbs/steer/d) and for another experiment that compared supplementation with ground corn for 112 d of the grazing season to supplementation with corn for the last 56 d of the season. A supplementation rate of 3 lb corn/steer/d resulted in costs of additional ADG that were below the breakeven point for the three cattle selling prices over the full range of corn costs (90 to 200 dollars/ton. Staying at or below the breakeven point with 1 and 5 lb supplementation rates required low corn costs ( less than or equal to 100 dollars/ton) with low cattle selling prices and slightly higher corn costs ( less than or equal to 130 dollars/ton) with intermediate cattle selling prices. Although ADG was higher with corn supplementation over 112 d of the grazing season than with supplementation restricted to the last 56 d of the season, costs of additional ADG for both treatments were below the breakeven point for each cattle selling price and over the range of corn costs. Analyses of the ADG responses to corn supplementation indicated a capability of feasibility of using the procedure to assess economic risks associated with the corn supplementation treatments. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Aiken, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 Highway 23 S, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 202 EP 206 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400109 ER PT S AU Rotz, CA Buckmaster, DR Comerford, JW AF Rotz, CA Buckmaster, DR Comerford, JW BE Cassida, K TI An integrated farm system model for evaluating alternatives in crop, dairy, and beef production SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland AB Through an expansion of the Dairy Forage System Model (DAFOSYM), an Integrated Farm System Model was created to study the long-term performance, environmental impact, and economics of crop, beef, and dairy production systems. Simulation of cash crop hay, cow-calf, stocker, and dairy production options on a 200-acre grass farm in south central Pennsylvania shows greater losses of nitrogen to the environment when forages produced were fed to beef or dairy cattle. Farm profitability was lowest for the cow-calf option and highest for dairy. The model provides a useful research and teaching tool for evaluating and comparing whole farm systems over multiple years of weather. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Rotz, CA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 207 EP 211 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400110 ER PT S AU Soder, KJ Rotz, CA AF Soder, KJ Rotz, CA BE Cassida, K TI Economic and environmental impacts of utilizing a total mixed ration in Pennsylvania grazing dairy herds SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland ID PASTURE AB Determining type of supplementation of grazing dairy cows for optimal productivity is a challenge in a pasture-based system. A whole farm analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential long-term environmental impact and economic benefit of feeding either a concentrate-based supplement or a partial total mixed ration (TMR) on grazing dairies using a whole-farm model (DAFOSYM). A representative dairy farm (250 acre) was simulated using two types of supplementation while grazing: 1) concentrate-based supplement (GRAIN) plus pasture, or 2) a partial TMR (pTMR) plus pasture. These farms were then compared to an alfalfa and corn based confinement farm (CONF) on the same land base where stored feeds were fed year round. Profitability was highest for the CONF farm and lowest for the GRAIN farm. Economic risk or year-to-year variation was highest for the CONF farm compared to the grazing (pTMR and GRAIN) farms. The GRAIN farm showed the greatest environmental benefit by decreasing nitrogen leaching losses, probably due to greater exportation of forage. Feeding a partial TMR to grazing dairy cows provides a viable feeding strategy for decreasing environmental impact while maintaining profitability. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Soder, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 212 EP 216 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400111 ER PT S AU Sanderson, MA AF Sanderson, MA BE Cassida, K TI Pasture condition scores in the northeast United States SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland AB Assessment and monitoring tools are needed to determine the condition of grazing lands in the northeast. The Pasture Condition Score System has been developed by the NRCS for use as a monitoring and management tool on grazing lands. This system has not been evaluated systematically on a large scale and information is needed on its usefulness as a monitoring tool. The system was used to evaluate pastures on 14 farms across the northeast in 2001 as part of a long-term effort on documenting plant species diversity on grazing lands of the Northeast. Pasture condition score ranged from 22 to 46 with an average of 33. Scores for the "erosion" indictor were the least variable and the average erosion score tended to be high suggesting that erosion was not a problem in the pastures surveyed. Scores for the indicator "percent legume" had the lowest average rating of all the indicators. The relatively low rating for legume content across all pastures suggests that producers should focus management on establishing and maintaining legumes. Pasture condition score was negatively related to plant species richness. This may indicate that focusing strictly on increasing the number of species in a pasture without regard to the species composition may not be wise. This preliminary study indicates that the Pasture Condition Score system may be useful in providing an objective estimate of the relative management status of pastures in our diversity surveys. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 257 EP 261 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400121 ER PT S AU Brauer, D Brown, MA Jackson, W AF Brauer, D Brown, MA Jackson, W BE Cassida, K TI Comparing Senepol cows to other dam breeds for calf production on tall fescue SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland ID PASTURES AB Economic losses associated with tall fescue toxicosis can be reduced by the use of heat tolerant cattle. The cow-calf performance of Senepol cows, a breed selected for heat tolerance, was compared to that of Brahman and English breed cows while grazing tall fescue in Booneville, AR from 1997 to 1999. Percentage of cows weaning a calf was not significantly different (P>.10) among breeds and averaged about 90%. Weaning weights for Senepol cows was significantly greater (P<.05) than those for Brahman and English breed cows. These results indicate that Senepol cows were more productive than English and Brahman breeds of cattle in a cow-calf operation when the dominant forage was tall fescue. C1 USDA ARS, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Brauer, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, 6883 Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 281 EP 285 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400129 ER PT S AU Fedders, JM Belesky, DP AF Fedders, JM Belesky, DP BE Cassida, K TI Botanical composition dynamics of mixed tall fescue pasture in West Virginia SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland AB Grazing management is one means of improving pasture productivity, by balancing forage growth with utilization. Grazing also influences the types and numbers of plant species occurring in pasture and may affect the occurrence of animal health problems associated with endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum)-infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Placement of water troughs and division fences allows producers to control where and when grazing occurs. We subdivided a 70-acre single unit pasture on a West Virginia hill-land farm into 8 smaller paddocks, facilitating more intensive pasture management for a stocker steer operation. We documented botanical composition and canopy height of swards for five years to assess the influence of management intensification. Average canopy height declined from 9.5 inches (1996) to less than 5 inches (2000). Average tall fescue contribution remained relatively stable on a farm-wide basis ranging from 45 to 52%, however, fescue content declined by over one-third in an area with high (75%) initial fescue levels. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) declined from 25 to 5% and bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) increased from I to 10% farm-wide over the five-year period. White clover (Trifolium repens L.) contribution varied widely in part due to fluctuations in precipitation. Botanical composition changed and sward utilization increased in a relatively short time, but tall fescue remained a dominant component of swards. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Fedders, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 287 EP 291 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400131 ER PT S AU Aiken, GE Brauer, DK AF Aiken, GE Brauer, DK BE Cassida, K TI Strategic supplementation with corn for steers grazing bermudagrass SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland ID GRAIN AB Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] is the most widely grown warm-season perennial grass in the southeast U.S.A., but cattle weight gain on the grass typically declines in the middle to late summer. This summer slump could be associated with a reduction in the digestible energy of bermudagrass that can occur as the growing season progresses. A grazing experiment was conducted with bermudagrass to compare steer ADG between supplementation with ground corn (consumption rate = 2 lb/steer/d) in the late grazing season, supplementation for the entire grazing season, and no supplementation. A second aspect of the study was to determine if time interval between supplement feedings (24 versus 48 h) affects steer ADG. Supplementation for the entire grazing season provided the highest ADG, but steer ADG with supplementation in the late grazing season was 24% higher than with no supplementation. No differences in ADG were detected between 24- and 48-h intervals between supplement feeding. Results of the experiment indicate that supplementation with ground corn in the grazing season is most effective in boosting ADG if fed for the entire grazing season, but supplementation that is restricted to the late season can also increase ADG. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Aiken, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 Highway 23 S, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 300 EP 304 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400136 ER PT S AU Foster, JG Clapham, WM Labreveux, M Hall, MH Sanderson, MA AF Foster, JG Clapham, WM Labreveux, M Hall, MH Sanderson, MA BE Cassida, K TI Sesquiterpene lactone composition of forage chicory cultivars grown in West Virginia and Pennsylvania SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland AB 'Grasslands Puna' (Puna) chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a promising pasture component in Pennsylvania (PA). In southern West Virginia (WV), Puna is not relished by sheep, and other forage chicory cultivars vary in acceptability. Chicory contains bitter sesquiterpene lactones; therefore, this study was undertaken to determine whether sesquiterpene lactone composition might be related to observed animal feeding behaviors. Investigations included the cultivars Puna, 'INIA le Lacerta' (Lacerta), and 'Forage Feast'. Vegetative herbage was collected during the summer of 1998 from each of the three cultivars at a PA State University research farm near State College, PA and a USDA, ARS research farm in southern WV. Dried tissues were extracted with methanol, and sesquiterpene lactones were determined chromatographically. Total concentration of sesquiterpene lactones ranged from 1.03 (Lacerta) to 1.52% (dry matter [DM] basis) (Forage Feast) in cultivars grown in WV. Forage Feast contained the highest concentrations of the sesquiterpene lactones lactucin (.37%) and lactucopicrin (.94%) and the lowest concentration of 8-deoxylactucin (.22%). This was also the trend in PA-grown herbage, but the concentrations of total sesquiterpene lactones (.32 to .55%), and particularly lactucopicrin (.09 to .18%) were dramatically lower in PA samples. Data suggest that environmental factors influence the sesquiterpene lactone composition of chicory and thereby impact palatability of the herbage. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Foster, JG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 305 EP 309 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400137 ER PT S AU Turner, KE Belesky, DP AF Turner, KE Belesky, DP BE Cassida, K TI Lamb performance on orchardgrass-white clover-chicory swards fertilized with composted turkey litter SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland AB Forage-livestock systems in the Appalachian Region depend upon a variety of forage, soil amendment, and livestock management practices to achieve production goals. Diverse swards improve the seasonal distribution and nutrient use efficiency of herbage. A replicated grazing study was conducted from 1997-2001 on paddocks containing a mixture of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) to evaluate lamb weight gain and blood parameters related to sward management. Swards were fertilized with 3 (3T) or 6 (6T) ton/acre of composted turkey litter; N-P-K fertilizer (NPK); or P and K fertilizer (PK). In 1997 and 1998, lambs grazing PK had greater (P < .05) mean body weight (BW) compared to lambs grazing paddocks receiving other treatments. In 1997, lambs grazing NPK fertilized swards had higher (P < .05) blood urea nitrogen (BUN; 23.7 mg/dl) compared to those lambs grazing paddocks fertilized with 3T of turkey litter (21.9 mg/dl); lamb grazing PK (23 mg/dl) or 6T (22.5 mg/dl) were intermediate. In 1999 and averaged over the season, lambs grazing 3T (15.1 mg/dl) and 6T (15.8 mg/dl) paddocks had higher (P < .05) BUN compared to lambs grazing PK (13.2 mg/dl); lamb BUN when grazing NPK (14.5 mg/dl) was intermediate. No differences were observed in the other years. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Turner, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 315 EP 319 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400139 ER PT S AU Lamb, JFS Sheaffer, CC Cuomo, GJ AF Lamb, JFS Sheaffer, CC Cuomo, GJ BE Cassida, K TI Developing alfalfa for use as a biomass energy or biofuel feedstock SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland C1 USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Lamb, JFS (reprint author), USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 329 EP 329 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400145 ER PT S AU Kennedy, ML Marshall, M AF Kennedy, ML Marshall, M BE Cassida, K TI Grassland contests - Making grassland education fun SO AMERICAN FORAGE AND GRASSLAND COUNCIL, VOL 11, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORAGE AND GRASSLAND CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American-Forage-and-Grassland-Council Conference CY JUL 14-17, 2002 CL BLOOMINGTON, MN SP Land OLakes Inc, Agriliance, Land OLakes Farmland Feed, Croplan Genet, NewHolland C1 USDA, NRCS, Houston, MO 65483 USA. RP Kennedy, ML (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Houston, MO 65483 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FORAGE & GRASSLAND COUNCIL PI GEORGETOWN PA PO BOX 94, GEORGETOWN, TX 78627 USA SN 0886-6899 J9 P FORAG GR PY 2002 VL 11 BP 330 EP 330 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BW80Y UT WOS:000183252400146 ER PT J AU Offutt, S AF Offutt, S TI The future of farm policy analysis: A household perspective SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID DECISIONS; ENVIRONMENT; TIME C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Offutt, S (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 2002 VL 84 IS 5 BP 1189 EP 1200 DI 10.1111/1467-8276.00380 PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 630NW UT WOS:000180115500001 ER PT J AU McGranahan, DA AF McGranahan, DA TI Local context and advanced technology use by small, independent manufacturers in rural areas SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Agricultural-Economics-Association (AAEA) CY JUL, 2002 CL LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA SP American Agricultural Econom Assoc ID AGGLOMERATION; INNOVATIONS; SPILLOVERS; GEOGRAPHY; ECONOMICS; INDUSTRY; CLUSTERS; MILIEU C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP McGranahan, DA (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PY 2002 VL 84 IS 5 BP 1237 EP 1245 DI 10.1111/1467-8276.00384 PG 9 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 630NW UT WOS:000180115500005 ER PT J AU Wells, CE Glenn, DM Eissenstat, DM AF Wells, CE Glenn, DM Eissenstat, DM TI Changes in the risk of fine-root mortality with age: A case study in peach, Prunus persica (Rosaceae) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE minirhizotron; peach; Prunus persica; root age; root demography; root mortality; Rosaceae ID PHYTOPHTHORA-NICOTIANAE; TURNOVER; DYNAMICS; DEMOGRAPHY; BIOMASS; FORESTS; CITRUS; GROWTH; RESPIRATION; ANATOMY AB Previous studies suggest that younger roots are more vulnerable to mortality than older roots. We analyzed mimrhizotron data using a mixed-age, proportional hazards regression approach to determine whether the risk of mortality (or "hazard") was higher for younger roots than for older roots in a West Virginia peach orchard. While root age apparently had a strong effect on the hazard when considered alone, this effect was largely due to different rates of mortality among roots of different orders, diameters, and depths. Roots with dependent laterals (higher order roots) had a lower hazard than first-order roots in 1996 and 1997. Greater root diameter was also associated with a decreased hazard in both 1996 and 1997. In both years, there was a significant decrease in the hazard with depth. When considered alone, age appeared to be a strong predictor of risk. a 1-d increase in initial root age was associated with a 1.26-2.62% decrease in the hazard. However, when diameter, order, and depth were incorporated into the model, the effect of root age disappeared or was greatly reduced. Baseline hazard function plots revealed that the timing of high-risk periods was generally related to seasonal factors rather than individual root age. C1 Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Program Plant Physiol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Eissenstat, DM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Program Plant Physiol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 44 TC 95 Z9 143 U1 7 U2 33 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY, 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 89 IS 1 BP 79 EP 87 DI 10.3732/ajb.89.1.79 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 595FN UT WOS:000178097900009 PM 21669714 ER PT J AU King, JC AF King, JC TI Enhanced zinc utilization during lactation may reduce maternal and infant zinc depletion SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID ABSORPTION; WOMEN C1 Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP King, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, ARS, USDA, 211 Surge 4,1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 14 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 75 IS 1 BP 2 EP 3 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 504YR UT WOS:000172884400002 PM 11756051 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM Corella, D Cupples, LA Demissie, S Kelleher, A Coltell, O Wilson, PWF Schaefer, EJ Tucker, K AF Ordovas, JM Corella, D Cupples, LA Demissie, S Kelleher, A Coltell, O Wilson, PWF Schaefer, EJ Tucker, K TI Polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate the effects of the APOA1 G-A polymorphism on HDL-cholesterol concentrations in a sex-specific manner: the Framingham Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID I GENE PROMOTER; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; APOLIPOPROTEIN AI; CIII-AIV; TRANSCRIPTION EFFICIENCY; A/G POLYMORPHISM; HEART-DISEASE; PLASMA-LEVELS; -78 POSITION AB Background: A common G-to-A substitution in the promoter area (-75 base pairs) of the apolipoprotein A-I gene (APOA1) has been described. The A allele was shown to be associated with higher HDL-cholesterol concentrations in some studies but not in others. Objective: We examined whether dietary fat modulates the association between this polymorphism and HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Design: We studied a population-based sample of 755 men and 822 women from the Framingham Offspring Study. Results: The frequency of the A allele was 0.165. No significant differences were observed between G/G subjects and carriers of the A allele for any lipid variables. In multivariate linear regression models. HDL-cholesterol concentrations in women were associated with a significant interaction between polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake as a continuous variable and APOA1 genotype (P=0.005). By using 3 categories of PUFA intake, we found a significantly different effect of APOA1 genotype across PUFA categories in women. When PUFA intake was <4% of energy, G/G subjects had 14% higher HDL-cholesterol concentrations than did carriers of the A allele (P<0.05). Conversely, when PUFA intake was >8%, HDL-cholesterol concentrations in carriers of the A allele were 13% higher than those of G/G subjects (P<0.05). No significant allelic difference was observed for subjects in the range of PUFA intake of 4-8% of energy. These interactions were not significant in men. Conclusions: We found a significant gene-diet interaction associated with the APOA1 G-A polymorphism. In women carriers of the A allele. higher PUFA intakes were associated with higher HDL-cholesterol concentrations. whereas the opposite effect was observed in G/G women. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JM USDA, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JM USDA, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JM USDA, Program Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, JM USDA, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 53 TC 111 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 75 IS 1 BP 38 EP 46 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 504YR UT WOS:000172884400009 PM 11756058 ER PT J AU Feillet-Coudray, C Coudray, C Tressol, JC Pepin, D Mazur, A Abrams, SA Rayssiguier, Y AF Feillet-Coudray, C Coudray, C Tressol, JC Pepin, D Mazur, A Abrams, SA Rayssiguier, Y TI Exchangeable magnesium pool masses in healthy women: effects of magnesium supplementation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE exchangeable magnesium pools; kinetic modeling; stable isotope; magnesium supplementation; healthy women; magnesium status ID HUMANS; ELEMENTS; KINETICS; BLOOD; ZINC; RATS; MG AB Background: Studying magnesium pools in the body with use of stable isotopes may be helpful for evaluating magnesium status. Data on the evaluation of magnesium pools in humans are scarce. Objective: We undertook this study to evaluate the effects of a magnesium supplementation program on the size of the exchangeable body pools of magnesium and on classic indexes of magnesium status in healthy women with normal magnesium status. Design: Ten healthy women participated in a kinetic study with magnesium stable isotopes before and after 8 wk of magnesium supplementation. Each woman received 3 supplements containing 5.08 mmol (122 mg) elemental Mg/d (366 mg/d). Before and at the end of the supplementation period, each woman received an intravenous injection of 1.67 mmol (40 mg) Mg-25, and the plasma magnesium disappearance curve was followed for the next 7 d. Two methods were used to analyze the exchangeable pools of magnesium: 1) formal multicompartmental modeling and 2) a simplified estimation of the total mass of the rapidly exchangeable magnesium pool (EMgP). Results: In these healthy women, exchangeable magnesium pools represented 11-12% of total body magnesium on the basis of multicompartmental analysis, The simplified estimation of EMgP overestimated the size of the exchangeable magnesium pools by approximate to 45-50%. Eight weeks of magnesium supplementation did not significantly modify the size of the exchangeable magnesium pools, whereas urinary magnesium excretion was significantly higher after 8 wk of supplementation. Conclusion: Women with no clinical evidence of magnesium deficiency may not respond to short-term supplementation with increases in the mass of the exchangeable magnesium body pool or in magnesium turnover rates. C1 INRA, Unite Malad Metab & Micronutriments, Ctr Rech Nutr Humaine Auvergne, F-63122 St Genes Champanelle, France. Fac Med & Pharm, Inst Louise Blanquet, Lab Controle Eaux, Clermont Ferrand, France. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Coudray, C (reprint author), INRA, Unite Malad Metab & Micronutriments, Ctr Rech Nutr Humaine Auvergne, F-63122 St Genes Champanelle, France. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 29 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 75 IS 1 BP 72 EP 78 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 504YR UT WOS:000172884400013 PM 11756062 ER PT J AU Chen, HL Ward, MH Graubard, BI Heineman, EF Markin, RM Potischman, NA Russell, RB Weisenburger, DD Tucker, KL AF Chen, HL Ward, MH Graubard, BI Heineman, EF Markin, RM Potischman, NA Russell, RB Weisenburger, DD Tucker, KL TI Dietary patterns and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and distal stomach SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE esophagus; stomach; neoplasm; dietary pattern; cluster analysis; cancer ID NUTRITION INTERVENTION TRIALS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; DISEASE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY; BETA-CAROTENE; CANCER INCIDENCE; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; GASTRIC CARDIA; COLON-CANCER; LUNG-CANCER; EATING PATTERNS AB Background: Dietary pattern analysis is a unique approach to studying relations between diet and disease. Objective: Our objective was to describe the dietary patterns of an eastern Nebraska population and investigate the associations between those dietary patterns and risks of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and distal stomach. Design: We recruited 124 subjects with esophageal adenocarcinoma. 124 subjects with distal stomach adenocarcinoma, and 449 control subjects in a population-based, case-control study. Results: Six dietary patterns were identified with the use of cluster analysis. The first dietary pattern represented healthy food choices and had higher energy contributions from fruit and vegetables and grain products and lower energy contributions from red meats, processed meats, and gravy than did the other dietary patterns. In contrast, a second dietary pattern was high in meats and low in fruit and cereals. The other 4 dietary patterns were each characterized by a concentrated energy source: salty snacks, desserts, milk, and white bread, respectively. The test of overall difference in cancer risk across dietary patterns was significant for distal stomach adenocarcinoma (P=0.04) but not for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma was inversely associated with intakes of dairy products, fish, all vegetables, citrus fruit and juices, and dark bread and was positively associated with gravy intake. Risk of distal stomach adenocarcinoma was positively associated with red meat intake. Conclusions: Our study suggests that a diet high in fruit and vegetables may decrease the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma and that a diet high in meats may increase the risk of distal stomach adenocarcinoma. C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Omaha, NE USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Occupat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ward, MH (reprint author), NCI, Occupat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS-8104,MSC-7420, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM wardm@exchange.nih.gov RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X; Chen, Honglei/0000-0003-3446-7779 NR 49 TC 146 Z9 152 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 75 IS 1 BP 137 EP 144 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 504YR UT WOS:000172884400022 PM 11756071 ER PT J AU Anwar, SA McKenry, M Ramming, D AF Anwar, SA McKenry, M Ramming, D TI A search for more durable grape rootstock resistance to root-knot nematode SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE brape rootstocks; microplots; nematodes; Meloidogyne spp.; reproduction; resistance; resistance-breaking populations ID MELOIDOGYNE; REPRODUCTION; PENETRATION; POPULATIONS; VITIS AB The resistance levels of 6-19B, 10-17A, 10-23B, RS-3, RS-2, Teleki 5C, and Ramsey rootstocks to populations of Meloidogyne incognita R3, M. chitwoodi, mixed Meloidogyne spp., Meloidogyne sp. pt. Ramsey, and two resistance-breaking populations of M. arenaria were compared in microplots. Freedom and Harmony rootstocks were included as commercially resistant checks and Cabernet Sauvignon was included as a susceptible check. Each replicate was inoculated by adding field soil containing each nematode population. The level of resistance was determined by comparing final population levels of J2 in soil and number of females and eggs per gram of root over a two-year period. All rootstocks suppressed reproduction of the common Meloidogyne spp.; however, 6-19B, 10-17A, 10-23B, RS-3, and RS-2 only suppressed reproduction by the two resistance-breaking populations of M. arenaria. These data suggest that these five rootstocks exhibit a more durable root-knot resistance than commercially available rootstocks. The population of M. arenaria pt. Freedom was unavailable for study during the original selection process of these five rootstocks. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Nematol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, Freno Plant Breeding Stn, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP McKenry, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Nematol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2002 VL 53 IS 1 BP 19 EP 23 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 553DK UT WOS:000175660200004 ER PT J AU Palou, L Crisosto, CH Garner, D Basinal, LM Smilanick, JL Zoffoli, JP AF Palou, L Crisosto, CH Garner, D Basinal, LM Smilanick, JL Zoffoli, JP TI Minimum constant sulfur dioxide emission rates to control gray mold of cold-stored table grapes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Botrytis cinerea; box liners; sulfur dioxide generating pads; postharvest decay; table grape export markets; Vitis vinifera ID BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; DECAY AB Sulfur dioxide generating pads, are used worldwide for the control of gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, during long-term cold storage and/or export shipment of table grapes. We propose using an emission rate (measured in mumol SO2 per kilogram of fruit exposed per hour of exposure) to assess the amount of sulfur dioxide that a generating pad should emit during storage/shipment. Inoculated berries were weighed and placed inside gas-tight containers attached to a flow-through fumigation system and continuously exposed to 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 2.00, or 3.00 muL/L sulfur dioxide (inlet concentrations) at 0degreesC for 6 weeks. These low concentrations simulated continuous emission of sulfur dioxide from a hypothetical slow-release generating pad. Grids with spray-inoculated Redglobe berries and open petri dishes with a central syringe-inoculated berry in contact with surrounding healthy berries were used for evaluating gray mold incidence and gray mold nesting, respectively. None of these sulfur dioxide emission rates completely controlled berry decay, while nesting was effectively prevented by sulfur dioxide emission rates of 3.6 and 5.5 mumol/kg hr (inlet concentrations of 2.0 and 3.0 muL/L). Both gray mold incidence and nesting were higher among control fruit at 95 to 98% relative humidity than at 65 to 75%, but no significant differences were observed when an inlet sulfur dioxide concentration of 3.0 muL/L was applied. Sulfur dioxide was continuously sorbed by the grapes during exposure and did not noticeably injure any fruit in these tests. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Kearney Agr Ctr, Dept Pomol, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica, Dept Fruticultura, Santiago, Chile. RP Palou, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Kearney Agr Ctr, Dept Pomol, 9240 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RI Palou, Lluis/C-9066-2012 OI Palou, Lluis/0000-0002-9385-6814 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2002 VL 53 IS 2 BP 110 EP 115 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 578HB UT WOS:000177110400003 ER PT J AU Spayd, SE Tarara, JM Mee, DL Ferguson, JC AF Spayd, SE Tarara, JM Mee, DL Ferguson, JC TI Separation of sunlight and temperature effects on the composition of Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot berries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE canopy management; light; microclimate; UV; color; heat stress; photoregulation; soluble solids; acidity; pH ID CABERNET-SAUVIGNON; ANTHOCYANIN BIOSYNTHESIS; GRAPE BERRIES; PHENOLICS; EXPOSURE; QUALITY; LIGHT; WINE; EXPRESSION; PATHWAY AB Anthocyanin and phenolic profiles of berry skins from Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot in the Yakima Valley of Washington were influenced by sun exposure and temperature in 1999 and 2000. Growing degree days (base 10degreesC) accumulated between veraison and harvest were lower in 2000 than in 1999. Total skin monomeric anthocyanin (TSMA) concentrations were higher in 2000 than in 1999 in any given treatment. Berry temperature was increased as much as 13C above ambient and shaded cluster temperatures when clusters were exposed to sunlight, regardless of aspect for north-south oriented rows. However, maximum fruit temperatures were higher for clusters on the west side of the canopy because ambient temperatures were higher,after 1200 hr. Temperatures of west-exposed clusters at times exceeded 40degreesC. East-exposed clusters had higher TSMA concentrations than west-exposed or shaded clusters. To separate light and temperature effects, west-exposed clusters were cooled to the temperature of shaded clusters and shaded clusters were heated to the temperature of west-exposed clusters. Exposure-to sunlight increased TSMA concentrations regardless of temperature in both years. In 1999 and 2000, cooling sun-exposed clusters increased TSMA concentrations. Heating shaded clusters decreased TSMA concentrations in 1999, but had no effect during the cooler ripening period of 2000. Ultraviolet (UV) light barriers did not influence either cluster temperature or TSMA concentrations. Decreased TSMA concentrations in berry skins from west-exposed clusters were due to temperature and not to UV radiation. Exposure to solar radiation increased concentrations of the 3-glycosides of quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin. In 2000, sun-exposed clusters, regardless of aspect, had almost 10 times greater concentrations of total flavonols than shaded clusters' UV-light barriers significantly reduced individual and total flavonol concentrations, while temperature had little to no effect on their concentrations. C1 Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Spayd, SE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 31 TC 411 Z9 443 U1 14 U2 85 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2002 VL 53 IS 3 BP 171 EP 182 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 607GB UT WOS:000178782800001 ER PT J AU Baumgartner, K Rizzo, DM AF Baumgartner, K Rizzo, DM TI Spread of Armillaria root disease in a California vineyard SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ENOLOGY AND VITICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Armillaria mellea; Armillaria root disease; Vitis vinifera; grapes ID GROWTH; MELLEA; IDENTIFICATION AB The formation and expansion of groups of dead and dying grapevines (disease centers) caused by Armillaria root disease were tracked in a commercial vineyard in Sonoma County, California from 1998 to 2000. Approximately 50% of the vines that died in 1999 and 2000 were adjacent to vines that died in previous years, providing circumstantial evidence of vine-to-vine spread of root disease. To determine if symptomatic and dead vines were infected by vine-to-vine spread or by direct contact with partially decayed tree roots remaining from forest trees that inhabited the site prior to vineyard establishment, pneumatic soil excavation was used to expose the root systems of 30 vines within the oldest disease center. Root system excavation revealed infections on 26 of 30 excavated vines, 27 of which were in direct contact with decayed tree roots. No evidence of vine-to-vine spread was found and rhizomorphs were extremely rare. Therefore, the pattern of disease incidence was due to the patchy distribution of decayed tree roots belowground. Control efforts aimed at reducing vine-to-vine spread of Armillaria root disease in young vineyards, such as the one in this study, may be unnecessary, given the slow rate of spread of the pathogen. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. RP Baumgartner, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ENOLOGY VITICULTURE PI DAVIS PA PO BOX 1855, DAVIS, CA 95617-1855 USA SN 0002-9254 J9 AM J ENOL VITICULT JI Am. J. Enol. Vitic. PY 2002 VL 53 IS 3 BP 197 EP 203 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Agriculture GA 607GB UT WOS:000178782800004 ER PT J AU Broadhurst, CL Crawford, MA Cunnane, SC Holmsen, H Ghebremeskel, K Parkington, J Schmidt, WF Bloom, M AF Broadhurst, CL Crawford, MA Cunnane, SC Holmsen, H Ghebremeskel, K Parkington, J Schmidt, WF Bloom, M TI Docosahexaenoic acid and cerebral evolution SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ N London, Inst Brain Chem & Human Nutr, London N7 8DB, England. Univ Toronto, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Bergen, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Bergen, Norway. Univ Cape Town, Dept Archaeol, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys, Vancouver, BC, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2002 SU 34 BP 49 EP 49 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 534VG UT WOS:000174609700060 ER PT J AU Novy, RG Nasruddin, A Ragsdale, DW Radcliffe, EB AF Novy, RG Nasruddin, A Ragsdale, DW Radcliffe, EB TI Genetic Resistances to potato leafroll virus, potato virus Y, and green peach aphid in progeny of Solanum etuberosum SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; potato; virus resistance; aphid resistance; Myzus persicae; PVY; PLRV ID SOMATIC HYBRIDS; FIELD-RESISTANCE; HYBRIDIZATION; BERTHAULTII; TUBEROSUM; CLONES AB Increasing prevalence of potato leafroll virus (PLRV) and potato virus Y (PVY) has been reported in seed and commercial potato production, resulting in the rejection of potatoes for certification and processing. Host plant resistance to PLRV and PVY and their primary vector, green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, could limit the spread of these viruses. Host plant resistance to PLRV, PVY, and green peach aphid has been identified in non-tuber-bearing Solanum etuberosum (PI 245939) and in its backcross 2 (BC(2)) progeny. Resistance to green peach aphid involved a reduction in fecundity and adult aphid size. In addition, one BC2 individual was identified as possessing a genetic factor that was detrimental to nymph survival. PVY resistance was identified in all five BC2 progenies evaluated in a field screening under intense virus pressure. PLRV resistance was identified in two of the five BC2 progeny. This resistance was stable in field and cage evaluations with large populations of viruliferous aphids. Based on the segregation of virus resistances in the BC2, PVY and PLRV resistances appear to result from the action of independent genetic mechanisms that reduce the levels of primary and secondary virus infection. Two BC2 individuals, Etb 6-21-3 and Etb 6-21-5 were identified as having multiple resistances to PLRV, PVY, and green peach aphid derived from S. etuberosum. This germplasm could prove useful to potato breeders in the development of virus-resistant cultivars. C1 USDA ARS, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Novy, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. EM rnovy@uidaho.edu OI Nasruddin, Andi/0000-0002-3999-3340 NR 23 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 79 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 528XQ UT WOS:000174270600002 ER PT J AU McGrath, JM Williams, CE Haberlach, GT Wielgus, SM Uchytil, TF Helgeson, JP AF McGrath, JM Williams, CE Haberlach, GT Wielgus, SM Uchytil, TF Helgeson, JP TI Introgression and stabilization of Erwinia tuber soft rot resistance into potato after somatic hybridization of Solanum tuberosum and S. brevidens SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE disease resistance; plant breeding; wild species; soft rot; Erwinia spp. ID SEXUAL PROGENY; RFLP ANALYSIS; HYBRIDS; RECOMBINATION; SEGREGATION AB Resistance to potato tuber soft rot caused by Erwinia carotovora was transferred from Solanum brevidens to the cultivated potato over the course of four backcross generations originating from a somatic hybrid. Soft rot reactions were determined via a tuber plug inoculation method developed during the course of these experiments. Soft rot resistance was highest in the somatic hybrid (only ca. 20% of tubers and plugs showed evidence of severe rotting) and lowest among progeny of control potato x potato crosses (ca. 80% of tuber plugs showed severe rot). Backcross generations involving somatic hybrids were intermediate in their reaction, and resistance stabilized to about 60% of tuber plugs showing severe rot in the BC2 through the BC4. Reciprocal crosses showed no difference in the inheritance of soft rot resistance, indicating that neither S. brevidens nor S. tuberosum donor cytoplasm had a significant effect on the expression of resistance. Crosses between BC3 siblings where no S. brevidens genetic markers were detected but resistance was segregating demonstrated a dosage effect for soft rot resistance. We conclude that introgression of soft rot resistance has occurred and that at least one locus responsible for resistance in S. brevidens now resides in the S. tuberosum genome. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Plant Dis Resistance Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Helgeson, JP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Plant Dis Resistance Res Unit, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 79 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 528XQ UT WOS:000174270600003 ER PT J AU Love, SL Novy, R Corsini, DL Pavek, JJ Mosley, AR Thornton, RE James, SR Hane, DC AF Love, SL Novy, R Corsini, DL Pavek, JJ Mosley, AR Thornton, RE James, SR Hane, DC TI Gem Russet: A long Russet potato variety with excellent fresh market and french fry processing quality SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; variety; release ID WIDE ADAPTATION AB Gem Russet, a new medium maturing, long russet potato variety, was released in 2000 by the USDA/ARS and the experiment stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. It is suited for use in the fresh, frozen-fried processing, and dehydration markets. Total tuber yield of Gem Russet is similar to that of Russet Burbank when grown in eastern Idaho, but lower when grown in the long-season areas of western Idaho and the Columbia Basin of Oregon and Washington. U.S. No. 1 yield is consistently higher that that of Russet Burbank. Tubers of Gem Russet have good processing and baked quality. Gem Russet is resistant to most external and internal physiological defects, including second growth, growth cracks, shatter bruise, and hollow heart. It is moderately susceptible to blackspot bruise. Gem Russet shows extreme resistance to potato virus X, resistance to common scab, and moderate resistance to early dying. Biochemical analysis of Gem Russet tubers has shown higher solids, lower reducing sugar and glycoalkaloid content, and higher concentration of protein and vitamin C when compared with tubers of Russet Burbank. C1 Univ Idaho, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. USDA ARS, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Oregon State Univ, Madras, OR 97741 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. RP Love, SL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 79 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 528XQ UT WOS:000174270600004 ER PT J AU Edwards, CG Englar, JW Brown, CR Peterson, JC Sorensen, EJ AF Edwards, CG Englar, JW Brown, CR Peterson, JC Sorensen, EJ TI Changes in color and sugar content of yellow-fleshed potatoes stored at three different temperatures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE color; reducing sugars ID SOLANUM-TUBEROSUM L; CULTIVATED POTATO; RUSSET BURBANK; FRY COLOR; STORAGE; HARVEST AB Yellow-fleshed potatoes, Yukon Gold, Red Gold, Saginaw Gold, Augsberg Gold, and A082283.1 were compared to white-fleshed cultivars, Russet Burbank and Norchip, in relation to flesh color and sugar content during long-term storage. Yellow-fleshed cultivars had higher hue angles (hdegrees) and chroma values (C*) compared to the white-fleshed potatoes. These values were consistently higher at all storage temperatures. Chroma values were maximum for most yellow-fleshed tubers when stored at 8.3 C for 84 days. As expected, lower concentrations of sucrose, glucose, and fructose were observed in tubers stored at 10 C compared to those stored at 3.3 and 8.3 C. After storage at either 3.3 or 8.3 C, Saginaw Gold, Augsberg Gold, and A082283.1 accumulated lower amounts of glucose or fructose compared to Norchip, Russet Burbank, Yukon Gold, and Red Gold. Although the yellow-fleshed clones accumulated up to 7.4 mg/g glucose or fructose when stored at 3.3 C, Saginaw Gold and Augsberg Gold responded well to reconditioning. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. JR Simplot Co, Heyburn, ID 83336 USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Englar Food Labs Inc, Moses Lake, WA 98837 USA. Washington State Univ, Cooperat Extens, Pasco, WA 99301 USA. RP Edwards, CG (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 79 IS 1 BP 49 EP 53 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 528XQ UT WOS:000174270600007 ER PT J AU Seals, RC Wulster-Radcliffe, MC Lewis, GS AF Seals, RC Wulster-Radcliffe, MC Lewis, GS TI Modulation of the uterine response to infectious bacteria in postpartum ewes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE immunosuppression; progesterone; prostaglandins; sheep; uterine infection ID PERIPARTURIENT PERIOD; PROSTAGLANDIN-F2-ALPHA; PROGESTERONE; NEUTROPHILS; TISSUE; SHEEP; PGE2; UTEROOVARIAN; LYMPHOCYTES; ENDOMETRIUM AB PROBLEM: Exogenous progesterone and prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) can down-regulate uterine immune functions and render the uterus susceptible to bacterial infection. METHOD OF STUDY: Ewes were sham-ovariectomized (SHAM) or ovariectomized (OVEX) 9 days after parturition (day 0), and their uteri were inoculated with Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Escherichia coli on day 15. Vena caval blood was collected on day 14 and days 16 19, and uteri were collected on day 20. Ewes began receiving either canola oil (OIL) or progesterone in oil (PROG) on day 10. Lymphocytes from each blood sample were assigned to a 2 x 2 factorial array of in vitro treatments; 10(-7) M PGE(2) and 10(-7) M indomethacin (INDO) were main effects. [H-3]Thymidine incorporation (expressed in picomoles) was used to quantify proliferation. RESULTS: Progesterone was greater (P = 0.001) in PROG than in OIL ewes (3.6 versus 0.7 ng/mL), and only PROG ewes developed infections. Lymphocyte proliferation was least (P = 0.02) in PROG-OVEX ewes (4.1 versus 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 pmol for OIL-SHAM, PROG-SHAM, and OIL-OVEX, respectively). Concanavalin A (Con-A)-stimulated proliferation was less (P < 0.01) for PGE(2)- and PGE(2) + INDO-treated lymphocytes (7.5 and 8.3 pmol, respectively) than for control or INDO-treated cells (12.9 and 14.7 pmol, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Progesterone treatment of postpartum ewes suppressed Uterine immunity. In vitro PGE(2) treatment suppressed lymphocyte proliferation, regardless of PROG, and highlights a progesterone-independent level of regulation of uterine immune function. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Virginia, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Endocrinol, Charlottesville, VA USA. ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Lewis, GS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, HC 62, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 8755-8920 J9 AM J REPROD IMMUNOL JI Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 47 IS 1 BP 57 EP 63 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0897.2002.1o062.x PG 7 WC Immunology; Reproductive Biology SC Immunology; Reproductive Biology GA 524ZW UT WOS:000174043600010 PM 11883750 ER PT J AU Meshi, B Vitalis, TZ Ionescu, D Elliott, WM Liu, C Wang, XD Hayashi, S Hogg, JC AF Meshi, B Vitalis, TZ Ionescu, D Elliott, WM Liu, C Wang, XD Hayashi, S Hogg, JC TI Emphysematous lung destruction by cigarette smoke - The effects of latent adenoviral infection on the lung inflammatory response SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GUINEA-PIG; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; EXPOSURE; QUANTIFICATION; STEREOLOGY; EXPRESSION; AIRWAYS AB This study was designed to test the hypothesis that cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and emphysema are amplified by the presence of latent adenoviral (Ad) infection, and to determine whether this emphysematous process can be reversed by all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) treatment. The results confirm that in guinea pigs, chronic cigarette-smoke exposure caused lesions similar to human centrilobular emphysema. They also show that latent Ad infection combined with cigarette-smoke exposure caused an excess increase in lung volume (P < 0.001), air-space volume (P < 0.001), and lung weight (P < 0.01), and further decrease in surface-to-volume ratio (P < 0.001) compared with smoke exposure alone. RA treatment failed to reverse these emphysematous changes. Analysis of inflammatory response in parenchymal and airway tissue showed that smoking caused an increase of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) (P < 0.0002), macrophages (P < 0.001), and CD4 cells (P < 0.0009), and that latent Ad infection independently increased PMNs (P < 0.001), macrophages (P = 0.003), and CD8 cells (P < 0.001). We conclude that latent Ad infection amplifies the emphysematous lung destruction and increases the inflammatory response produced by cigarette-smoke exposure. In this study, the increase in CD4 was associated with cigarette smoke and the increase in CD8 cells with latent Ad infection. C1 St Pauls Hosp, UBC McDonald Res Labs, iCAPTURE Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada. Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRCA, Mol Carcinogenesis Sect, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Hogg, JC (reprint author), St Pauls Hosp, UBC McDonald Res Labs, iCAPTURE Ctr, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada. NR 23 TC 87 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1044-1549 J9 AM J RESP CELL MOL JI Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 26 IS 1 BP 52 EP 57 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Respiratory System GA 510YX UT WOS:000173236100008 PM 11751203 ER PT J AU Purdy, CW Straus, DC Chirase, N Parker, DB Ayers, JR Hoover, MD AF Purdy, CW Straus, DC Chirase, N Parker, DB Ayers, JR Hoover, MD TI Effects of aerosolized feedyard dust that contains natural endotoxins on adult sheep SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GRAIN DUST; INHALATION; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; CONTAMINATION; OPERATIONS; ACTIVATION; RECEPTORS; INDUSTRY; WORKERS; HEALTH AB Objective-To determine the clinical, clinicopathologic, and histologic effects of aerosolized feedyard dust that contains natural endotoxins on adult sheep. Animals-Eighteen 3-year-old Saint Croix sheep. Procedure-A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. There were 2 treatment groups (dust-endotoxin group, n = 9; control group, 9). Aerosolized feedyard dust was provided continuously during a 4-hour period for each application (once in week 1, 3 times in week 2, and 7 times in week 3) to sheep in a semiairtight tent. All sheep were euthanatized and necropsied 8 hours after the treatment group received the last dust treatment. Variables measured before and after each dust treatment were rectal temperature, total WBC count, and concentrations of fibrinogen and haptoglobin. Results-Mean amount of dust administered during each treatment was 451 g/4 h. Filter collection indicated 51 mg of dust/m(3) and 7,423 ng of endotoxin. Mean rectal temperature at 8 hours (40.4 C) and mean WBC counts 12 and 24 hours after dust treatment were significantly higher for the treated group than the means of the respective variables for the control group. Similar responses were observed with repeated dust-endotoxin treatments; however, with each subsequent treatment, there was a diminished response. Sheep in the treatment group had generalized alveolar septal thickening and hypercellularity. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Feedyard dust induced a temporary febrile response and leukocytosis in sheep in the treatment group. Exposure to dust that contains endotoxins may be a stressor preceding acute infectious respiratory tract disease of marketed sheep. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Lubbock, TX 79430 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. W Texas A&M Univ, Div Agr, Canyon, TX 79016 USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Purdy, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RI Hoover, Mark/I-4201-2012 OI Hoover, Mark/0000-0002-8726-8127 NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 63 IS 1 BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.2460/AJVR.2002.63.28 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 510AT UT WOS:000173187100005 PM 16206776 ER PT J AU Ward, ACS Weiser, GC DeLong, WJ Frank, GH AF Ward, ACS Weiser, GC DeLong, WJ Frank, GH TI Characterization of Pasteurella spp isolated from healthy domestic pack goats and evaluation of the effects of a commercial Pasteurella vaccine SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ROCKY-MOUNTAIN BIGHORN; OVIS-CANADENSIS-CANADENSIS; HAEMOLYTICA-COMPLEX; SHEEP; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIONS; TREHALOSI; PNEUMONIA; SEROTYPES; MULTOCIDA AB Objective-To characterize Pasteurella spp isolated from healthy pack goats and evaluate the effects of administration of a commercial Pasteurella vaccine. Animals-45 goats. Procedure-Pharyngeal swab specimens and blood samples were collected on day 0 before vaccination with a Pasteurella (Mannheimia) haemolytica serotype A1 bacterin. Samples were also collected from 17 goats on days 21 and 35. Isolated Pasteurella spp were assigned to biovariant groups on the basis of results of biochemical utilization tests and serotyped. Serum antibody titers were determined. Results-Multiple strains of Pasteurella spp were isolated from swab specimens and assigned to 30 nonhemolytic and 14 beta-hemolytic biovariant groups. The most common biovariant isolated was nonhemolytic P trehalosi belonging to group 2. This strain was isolated from 41 goats. Nonhemolytic P haemolytica strains were isolated from 31 goats, whereas beta-hemolytic strains of P trehalosi and P haemolytica were isolated from 8 and 35 goats, respectively. Vaccination with the A1 serotype did not affect the proportion of goats from which we isolated each biovariant group or the number of biovariant groups isolated. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Multiple strains of P haemolytica and P trehalosi belonging to nonhemolytic and beta-hemolytic biovariant groups were isolated from the pharynx of healthy domestic pack goats. Because hemolytic activity correlates with leukotoxin production, beta-hemolytic strains may have a greater potential to cause disease in naive populations of wild ruminants. However, vaccination with an A1 serotype bacterin did not decrease the proportion of culture-positive goats. C1 Univ Idaho, Coll Agr, Caine Vet Teaching Ctr, Caldwell, ID 83607 USA. Bur Labs, Dept Hlth & Welf, Boise, ID USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ward, ACS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Coll Agr, Caine Vet Teaching Ctr, Caldwell, ID 83607 USA. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 63 IS 1 BP 119 EP 123 DI 10.2460/AJVR.2002.63.119 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 510AT UT WOS:000173187100021 PM 16206792 ER PT J AU Castleberry, NL Castleberry, SB Ford, WM Wood, PB Mengak, MT AF Castleberry, NL Castleberry, SB Ford, WM Wood, PB Mengak, MT TI Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) food habits in the central Appalachians SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN; MANAGEMENT; FLORIDANA; RODENTS; FORESTS; OAKS AB Declining Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) populations suggest a need for more basic ecological information about the species for proper management. Within the core of the Allegheny woodrat's distribution in the central Appalachians, food habits and food resource availability are poorly understood. We collected fecal material from known Allegheny woodrats between November 1997 and December 1998 and used microhistological techniques to describe seasonal food habits in the oak (Quercus spp.), dominated forests of the Rid,e and Valley and the northern hardwood forests of the Allegheny Plateau physiographic provinces. We examined dietary differences among seasons within and between provinces. Green vegetation, hard mast, soft mast and fungi were present in Allegheny woodrat diets in both provinces in all seasons. presence of fungi and soft mast in the diet was higher and more widespread seasonally in the Allegheny Plateau than the Ridge and Valley due, in part, to the more mesic forest conditions and more extensive early successional forest habitat in the Allegheny plateau. Presence of hard mast in the diet tracked acorn production and availability in both provinces in 1997 and 1998. Significant acorn use on the Allegheny Plateau, where oak-dominated forest stands are rare, highlights the importance of hard mast to Allegheny woodrats. Based on food habits we describe, managers seeking to enhance Allegheny woodrat habitat need to provide a mix of habitat conditions containing abundant green vegetation and optimize production and availability of hard mast, soft mast and fungi. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. W Virginia Univ, Biol Resource Div, USGS W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Ferrum Coll, Div Life Sci, Ferrum, VA 24088 USA. RP Ford, WM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Box 404, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. NR 69 TC 15 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 147 IS 1 BP 80 EP 92 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2002)147[0080:AWNMFH]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511UG UT WOS:000173283500008 ER PT J AU Castleberry, SB Wood, PB Ford, WM Castleberry, NL Mengak, MT AF Castleberry, SB Wood, PB Ford, WM Castleberry, NL Mengak, MT TI Summer microhabitat selection by foraging allegheny woodrats (Neotoma magister) in a managed forest SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID 2 TEMPERATE-ZONE; HABITAT USE; PREDATION-RISK; SMALL MAMMALS; SCALE; POPULATION; PATTERNS; STANDS AB Anthropogenic disturbance near rock outcrops occupied by Allegheny woodrats (Neotoma magister) is suspected of contributing to population declines in the northern and western peripheries of the species distribution. We compared microhabitat characteristics among clearcut, diameter-limited and intact forest stands in the Allegheny mountains of West Virginia to determine effects of timber removal on Allegheny woodrat habitat selection. We measured microhabitat variables within 0.04-ha plots centered around foraging locations identified using radiotelemetry. Microhabitat variables also were measured in random plots within home ranges. We compared microhabitat variables among harvest methods, and between foraging and random plots within and across methods. Differences in microhabitats among timber harvest methods (F-3,F-14 = 20.31, P less than or equal to 0.001) were related to overstory characteristics, including total number of trees, canopy cover and overstory diversity. We observed no differences in microhabitat variables between foraging and random plots within any harvest method (F-3,F-82 = 1.20, P = 0.303). Differences between foraging and random plots across all methods (F-1,F-82 = 2.13, P = 0.036) related to understory diversity. Our results suggest that Allegheny woodrats tolerate a wide range of macrohabitat conditions, but habitat selection is primarily determined by microhabitat factors. Microhabitat selection may be related to the high mobility and generalist herbivore diet of this species. C1 Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30502 USA. W Virginia Univ, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, USGS, Biol Resources Div, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Castleberry, SB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 147 IS 1 BP 93 EP 101 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2002)147[0093:SMSBFA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511UG UT WOS:000173283500009 ER PT J AU Ford, WM Menzel, A Menzel, JM Welch, DJ AF Ford, WM Menzel, A Menzel, JM Welch, DJ TI Influence of summer temperature on sex ratios in eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis) SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID ROOSTING ECOLOGY; MYOTIS-SODALIS; SELECTION AB Using museum records, we examined sex ratios for 32 collections of eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis) in the eastern United States. Results from logistic regression analyses indicate that female-dominated sex ratios are associated with warmer, mean high temperatures in June, Male-dominated collections, and those with approximately even sex ratios, occurred disproportionately in the Appalachian Highlands where monthly mean high temperatures were lower than in either the Central Lowlands-Interior Low Plateaus or Coastal Plain-Piedmont regions. Efforts to maximize conservation of summer roosting and foraging habitat that favors the female population segment of eastern red bats should be directed at areas where June mean high temperatures exceed 28.5 C. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Ford, WM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 147 IS 1 BP 179 EP 184 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2002)147[0179:IOSTOS]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511UG UT WOS:000173283500020 ER PT J AU Rowland, DL Garner, R Jespersen, M AF Rowland, DL Garner, R Jespersen, M TI A rare occurrence of seed formation on male branches of the dioecious tree, Populus deltoides SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SEX; GROWTH; PLANTS AB We observed formation of female flowers and seedpods, subsequent to the production of male flowers and pollen, on branch cuttings from a male Populus deltoides var. wislizenii tree, Labile sex expression is rare in the genus Populus, and this is the only recorded instance for this variety of P deltoides. Mature trees exhibited the same phenomenon in the field and some released copious amounts of seed during 1997. These observations may explain apparent sexual lability within four populations of R deltoides along the Rio Grande. If protandrous hermaphrodites exist in this species, observations of sexual lability in these field populations could be explained by year to year variation in the timing of census observations; i.e., earlier season observations would score these individuals as males. We conclude that P deltoides var. wislizenii is a subdioecious species with occasional bisexual individual plants. C1 USDA, NRCS, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Los Lunas Agr Sci Ctr, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87031 USA. RP Rowland, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 147 IS 1 BP 185 EP 187 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2002)147[0185:AROOSF]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511UG UT WOS:000173283500021 ER PT J AU Flather, CH Bevers, M AF Flather, CH Bevers, M TI Patchy reaction-diffusion and population abundance: The relative importance of habitat amount and arrangement SO AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE persistence threshold; spatially explicit population model; fragmentation; landscape ecology; structured landscapes; dispersal ID LANDSCAPE SPATIAL PATTERN; EXTINCTION THRESHOLDS; FRACTAL LANDSCAPES; FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPES; METAPOPULATION PERSISTENCE; DYNAMIC LANDSCAPES; BREEDING BIRDS; CONSERVATION; FOREST; CONNECTIVITY AB A discrete reaction-diffusion model was used to estimate long-term equilibrium populations of a hypothetical species inhabiting patchy landscapes to examine the relative importance of habitat amount and arrangement in explaining population size. When examined over a broad range of habitat amounts and arrangements, population size was largely determined by a pure amount effect (proportion of habitat in the landscape accounted for >96% of the total variation compared to <1% for the arrangement main effect). However, population response deviated from a pure amount effect as coverage was reduced below 30%-50%. That deviation coincided with a persistence threshold as indicated by a rapid decline in the probability of landscapes supporting viable populations. When we partitioned experimental landscapes into sets of "above" and "below" persistence threshold, habitat arrangement became an important factor in explaining population size below threshold conditions. Regression analysis on below-threshold landscapes using explicit measures of landscape structure (after removing the covariation with habitat amount) indicated that arrangement variables accounted for 33%-39% of the variation in population size, compared to 27%-49% for habitat amount. Thus, habitat arrangement effects became important when species persistence became uncertain due to dispersal mortality. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Flather, CH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 89 TC 182 Z9 190 U1 4 U2 44 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0003-0147 J9 AM NAT JI Am. Nat. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 159 IS 1 BP 40 EP 56 DI 10.1086/324120 PG 17 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 505PP UT WOS:000172923000004 PM 18707400 ER PT J AU Lacroix, DE Wolf, WR Hindsley, TM AF Lacroix, DE Wolf, WR Hindsley, TM TI Evaluation of niacin LC methods by diode array/spectral analysis SO ANALYTICAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE niacin; nicotinic acid; nicotinamide; spectral analysis; liquid chromatography; diode array detection ID EXCHANGE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; INFANT FORMULA AB Three extraction/LC methods for the determination of niacin in food materials have been qualitatively evaluated by spectral analysis procedures using a photodiode array detection system. This system allows visual inspection of multiple wavelength scans to identify presence of multiple components under LC peaks. It also allows calculation of a Similarity Index (SI) by means of library match software that compares the spectra of a LC peak to that of a standard sample. Niacin can occur in;foods either as nicotinic acid or often as added nicotinamide to enrich foods. We have evaluated LC methods for determination of both forms of niacin in several reference materials: SRM 1846 Infant Formula (NIST), RM 8437. Hard Red Spring Wheat (NIST), and VMA 195 Cereal (AACC). Spectral analysis showed only the niacin vitamer with a library match having a SI > 0.99 (1.0 is a perfect match) for nicotinic acid by anion exchange LC using an aromatic sulfonic acid-cation exchange solid phase extraction following a standard H2SO4 digest, and for nicotinamide using a trichloroacetic acid (TCA) extraction followed by reverse phase (RP) LC. A method involving meta-phosphoric acid (m-PA) extraction followed by RP/LC is not as satisfactory; while the 3-D view is not conclusive for a multiple component peak, the library match indicates a significantly lower SI of 0.81. Utilization of spectral analysis software with library matching is a useful tool for evaluating a variety of LC protocols. More robust LC methods for determining niacin in foods can replace laborious microbiological methods currently used by food testing laboratories. These LC methods combined with use of appropriate reference materials can provide definitive data for niacin in foods to be incorporated in food compositional tables, for use in food labeling and by dieticians preparing formulated diets. C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wolf, WR (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Hindsley, Thomas/0000-0002-8914-0282 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0003-2719 J9 ANAL LETT JI Anal. Lett. PY 2002 VL 35 IS 13 BP 2173 EP 2184 DI 10.1081/AL-120015004 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 607FA UT WOS:000178780000009 ER PT J AU Fedorka-Cray, PJ Englen, MD Gray, JT Hudson, C Headrick, ML AF Fedorka-Cray, PJ Englen, MD Gray, JT Hudson, C Headrick, ML TI Programs for monitoring antimicrobial resistance SO ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Antibiotic Use in Aninmal Agriculture CY OCT 16-17, 2000 CL CHICAGE, ILLINOIS ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM DT104; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI INFECTIONS; LEVEL QUINOLONE RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; DRUG-RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; SWINE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CHOLERAESUIS C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Div Epidemiol, Rockville, MD USA. RP Fedorka-Cray, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Antimicrobial Resistance Res Unit, Athens, GA USA. NR 90 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1049-5398 J9 ANIM BIOTECHNOL JI Anim. Biotechnol. PY 2002 VL 13 IS 1 BP 43 EP 55 DI 10.1081/ABIO-120005769 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 586QG UT WOS:000177595300005 PM 12212943 ER PT J AU Reed, KM Ihara, N de Leon, FAP Sonstegard, TS Smith, TPL Bennett, GL Sugimoto, Y Beattie, CW AF Reed, KM Ihara, N de Leon, FAP Sonstegard, TS Smith, TPL Bennett, GL Sugimoto, Y Beattie, CW TI Development of 47 new microsatellite markers from a BTA6 library SO ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA LIBRARY AB Chromosome-specific libraries provide a means to isolate genetic markers from specific chromosomal regions. A small-insert BTA6 library, constructed by microdissection, was screened for dinucleotide repeats (CA)(15) and (GA(15). A total of 47 new microsatellite loci were developed and tested for polymorphism and informativeness using the MARC bovine mapping family. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Pathobiol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN USA. Shirakawa Inst Anim Genet Odakura, Fukushima 7618061, Japan. US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Anim Biotechnol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Beattie, CW (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Vet Pathobiol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. OI Ponce de Leon, Federico/0000-0001-8645-553X NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1049-5398 J9 ANIM BIOTECHNOL JI Anim. Biotechnol. PY 2002 VL 13 IS 2 BP 195 EP 202 DI 10.1081/ABIO-120016188 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 624AF UT WOS:000179736600002 PM 12517073 ER PT J AU Gagne, R AF Gagne, R TI Primavera (new genus) porrecta (Felt), the elm samara midge: description and biological notes (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae) SO ANNALES DE LA SOCIETE ENTOMOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE LA English DT Article AB A new genus, Primavera, is described for Rabdophaga porrecta Felt, a cecidomyiid that forms pouch galls in samaras, the winged fruit of American elm, Ulmus americana. Primavera porrecta, comb. n., was originally described in 1915 from a single male caught in flight. The male is redescribed and the female and all larval instars are described for the first time. Adults of P. porrecta emerge in late winter in Beltsville, MD and mate immediately near ground level. Females then lay eggs on burgeoning flower buds of American elm. Newly hatched larvae crawl towards the opening flower parts. The fast-growing ovaries encompass settled larvae in pouches, which, depending on the number of pouches and their placement, can prevent seed development. About four weeks later the then full-grown larvae drop to the soil and enter diapause until the following year. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Gagne, R (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC ENTOMOLOGIQUE FRANCE PI PARIS PA 45 RUE BUFFON, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0037-9271 J9 ANN SOC ENTOMOL FR JI Ann. Soc. Entomol. Fr. PD JAN-JUN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 44 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 583HU UT WOS:000177402300006 ER PT J AU Chun, DTW Chew, V Bartlett, K Gordon, T Jacobs, RR Larsson, BM Lewis, DM Liesivuori, J Michel, O Rylander, R Thorne, PS White, EM Gunn, VC Wurtz, H AF Chun, DTW Chew, V Bartlett, K Gordon, T Jacobs, RR Larsson, BM Lewis, DM Liesivuori, J Michel, O Rylander, R Thorne, PS White, EM Gunn, VC Wurtz, H TI Second inter-laboratory study comparing endotoxin assay results from cotton dust SO ANNALS OF AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE endotoxin assay; limulus amoebocyte lysate test (LAL); lipopolysaccharides (LPS); interlaboratory endotoxin assay study; inter-laboratory endotoxin assay study; round robin endotoxin assay study; cotton dust AB Previously, a large two-part inter-laboratory round robin endotoxin assay study was completed. This first study showed that when cotton dust samples, which are practically identical, are assayed for endotoxin that the intra-laboratory results had a very small variation while infra-laboratory results of the sample had a very high variation. In the first part of the study, each laboratory followed its own in-house assay protocol; but in the second part of the study, when the extraction protocol was standardized, the inter-laboratory results showed a lower variation, which suggested that with further standardization, further reduction of differences between laboratories might be achieved in order that results between laboratories would become more comparable. The results stimulated interest in extending the study to include cotton dust with two levels of endotoxin, standardization of the extraction protocol, and using the same assay hit from the same production lot. The results of this second round robin endotoxin assay study indicate that differences between laboratories are still high. but most of the laboratories could discern the cotton dusts with the different levels of endotoxin. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. USDA ARS, Biometr Serv, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ British Columbia, Sch Occupat & Environm Hyg, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Grad Program Publ Hlth, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. Dept Occupat Med, Program Resp Hlth & Climate, Solna, Sweden. NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Kuopio Reg Inst Occupat Hlth, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland. Hop Univ St Pierre, Clin Allergies & Resp Dis, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Environm Med, S-41320 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Milacron Inc, Cincinnati, OH USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Natl Inst Occupat Hlth, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Chun, DTW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Cotton Qual Res Stn, POB 792, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. RI Liesivuori, Jyrki/O-2519-2013; OI michel, olivier/0000-0002-1528-1277 NR 17 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU INST AGRICULTURAL MEDICINE PI LUBLIN PA JACZEWSKIEGO 2, PO BOX 185, 20-950 LUBLIN, POLAND SN 1232-1966 J9 ANN AGR ENV MED JI Ann. Agr. Env. Med. PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 49 EP 53 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 567FB UT WOS:000176473800007 PM 12088397 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Giles, KL Greenstone, MH AF Chen, Y Giles, KL Greenstone, MH TI Molecular evidence for a species complex in the genus Aphelinus (Hymenoptera : Aphelinidae), with additional data on aphidiine phylogeny (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Aphelinus; Aphelinidae; Braconidae; aphidiinae; 16s rDNA; phylogeny ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; PARASITOIDS HYMENOPTERA; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES; HOMOPTERA; EVOLUTION AB Mitochondrial 16s rDNA was sequenced from nine different populations of Aphelinidae and 10 of aphidiinae. Sequence divergences between populations within a species are low, ranging from 0 to 0.38%. Divergences among species within the same genus range from 0 to 8.71%. Aphelinus asychis Walker has a sequence divergence from the other Aphelinus spp. of 8.71%, which is even higher than the divergences among the aphidiine genera Lysiphlebus, Aphidius and Diaeretiella. Our 16s rDNA phylogeny for aphidiines is concordant with a previously published NADIR dehydrogenase phylogeny. Our analysis identifies a complex comprising A. albipodus (Hayat & Fatima), A. varipes (Foerster), and A. hordei (Kurdjumov). The sequence divergences within this complex are low, ranging from 0 to 0.38% with an average of 0.19%, which suggests that the three species within the A. varipes complex diverged within the last approximate to 90,000 yr. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, USDA, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 8 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 95 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095[0029:MEFASC]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 600CK UT WOS:000178372900004 ER PT J AU Cladera, JL Vera, MT Calcagno, G Vilardi, JC Mcinnis, DO AF Cladera, JL Vera, MT Calcagno, G Vilardi, JC Mcinnis, DO CA Field Working Grp TI Mating competitiveness of Cast-191, a promising genetic sexing strain of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; Mediterranean fruit fly; sterile insect technique; genetic sexing strains; mating competitiveness ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; FIELD CAGES; STERILE; COURTSHIP; HAWAII; WILD; FLIES AB Genetic sexing strains (GSS) are being developed for use in sterile insect technique programs against the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Among other important factors, the utility of these new strains depends on the ability of laboratory-reared males to compete efficiently with wild males in mating with wild females in the field. The current study evaluated the mating ability of a new GSS, Cast 191, in competition with wild males. A well-known GSS, Seib 6-96, was also included in the test. The effect of irradiation on the mating competitiveness of the Cast 191 strain was assessed. The results showed that nonirradiated Cast 191 males outcompeted wild males, whereas irradiated males performed as well as wild counterparts. Although Seib 6-96 males performed less efficiently than Cast 191, they did not differ from their own performance reported 2 yr ago. Mating duration of Cast males, either irradiated or not, was not significantly different from the mating duration of wild males. Seib 6-96 had shorter mating duration times than wild and Cast males. These results demonstrated, besides an effect of irradiation on male mating success, a good mating performance of the strain Cast 191. C1 INTA Castelar, Inst Genet, RA-1712 Castelar, Argentina. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Ciencias Biol, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. ARS, USDA, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Cladera, JL (reprint author), INTA Castelar, Inst Genet, CC 25, RA-1712 Castelar, Argentina. RI KRSTICEVIC, FLAVIA/K-3497-2012 OI KRSTICEVIC, FLAVIA/0000-0002-3447-0778 NR 31 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 95 IS 1 BP 133 EP 138 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095[0133:MCOCAP]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 600CK UT WOS:000178372900017 ER PT J AU Meerow, AW Guy, CL Li, QB Clayton, JR AF Meerow, AW Guy, CL Li, QB Clayton, JR TI Phylogeny of the tribe Hymenocallideae (Amaryllidaceae) based on morphology and molecular characters SO ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN LA English DT Article DE Amaryllidaceae; cladistics; molecular systematics; phylogeny ID COMBINING DATA; CHLOROPLAST DNA; DATA SETS; SYSTEMATICS; CONGRUENCE; INCONGRUENCE; ORCHIDACEAE; HYPOTHESIS; CONSENSUS; SEQUENCES AB The generic limits of Hymenocallis have been variously proposed by different taxonomic workers, often without discussion or data. The genera Leptochiton, Ismene, Elisena, and Pseudostenomesson have been included with Hymenocallis, lumped together as the genus Ismene, or maintained as distinct genera. Recent cladistic analysis of plastid and nrDNA for Amaryllidaceae support a distinct tribe Hymenocallideae. Cladistic analyses of morphology, and plastid (trnL-F region) and nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS) are presented alone and in combination for the tribe. Leptochiton is sister to the rest of the genera in the tribe in all analyses. While Hymenocallis is always resolved as monophyletic, Ismene is variably paraphyletic or monophyletic. The combined sequence data produce the most resolved and best-supported phylogeny, wherein Hymenocallis and Ismene are monophyletic sister genera. These data support an origin for the tribe in the Andes, with vicariant distribution of the largely Mesoamerican Hymenocallis. Formal recognition of Ismene subg. Elisena and Pseudostenomesson is established. C1 USDA, ARS, SHRS, Miami, FL 33156 USA. Fairchild Trop Garden, Miami, FL 33156 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Dept Environm Hort, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, SHRS, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33156 USA. NR 62 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN PI ST LOUIS PA 2345 TOWER GROVE AVENUE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 USA SN 0026-6493 J9 ANN MO BOT GARD JI Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. PY 2002 VL 89 IS 3 BP 400 EP 413 DI 10.2307/3298600 PG 14 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 602BQ UT WOS:000178485500003 ER PT J AU Venette, RC Moon, RD Hutchison, WD AF Venette, RC Moon, RD Hutchison, WD TI Strategies and statistics of sampling for rare individuals SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE veterinary entomology; insecticide resistance; exotic species; quarantine; detection probability ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXIN; BETA-BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION; PLANT-DISEASE INCIDENCE; RESISTANCE ALLELE FREQUENCIES; HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; IN-FIELD POPULATIONS; DIAMONDBACK MOTH; INFECTION-RATES; ESTIMATING PREVALENCE AB Diverse subdisciplines within entomology recognize the detection of rare individuals as the precursor to effective management of these individuals. Unfortunately, detection methods have often developed on a case-by-case basis, and advances in one subdiscipline have not carried over to similarly related fields. The biology of a particular organism will certainly affect sampling methods, but the underlying principles governing the power of a sampling strategy to detect rare individuals will apply across taxa. Our review of the sampling literature demonstrates the common problem of detecting, rare individuals, reviews the fundamentals of probability theory as a foundation for any monitoring program, and discusses the inferences that can be drawn from samples, especially when resources limit sampling efforts. Particular emphasis is placed on binomial-, beta-binomial-, and hypergeometric-based strategies as they pertain to quarantine inspections for exotic pests, veterinary/medical entomology, and insecticide resistance monitoring. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA, APHIS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Midwest Ecol Risk Assessment Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Venette, RC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA, APHIS, 1980 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM venet001@umn.edu; rdmoon@umn.edu; hutch002@umn.edu NR 143 TC 81 Z9 85 U1 3 U2 18 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4170 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 2002 VL 47 BP 143 EP 174 DI 10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145147 PG 32 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 514DC UT WOS:000173421900006 PM 11729072 ER PT J AU Reitz, SR Trumble, JT AF Reitz, SR Trumble, JT TI Competitive displacement among insects and arachnids SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE interspecific competition; invasive species; community structure; competitive mechanisms; competitive exclusion ID SPIREA APHID HOMOPTERA; INTRODUCED NATURAL ENEMIES; ALFALFA WEEVIL COLEOPTERA; INVASIVE ARGENTINE ANT; MEALYBUG PHENACOCCUS-MANIHOTI; LIRIOMYZA SPECIES DIPTERA; MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT-FLY; ZETZELLIA-MALI ACARI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION AB Competitive displacement is the most severe outcome of interspecific competition. For the purposes of this review, we define this type of displacement as the removal of a formerly established species from a habitat as a result of direct or indirect competitive interactions with another species. We reviewed the literature for recent putative cases of competitive displacement among insects and arachnids and assessed the evidence for the role of interspecific competition in these displacements. We found evidence for mechanisms of both exploitation and interference competition operating in these cases of competitive displacement. Many of the cases that we identified involve the operation of more than one competitive mechanism, and many cases were mediated by other noncompetitive factors. Most, but not all, of these displacements occurred between closely related species. In the majority of cases, exotic species displaced native species or previously established exotic species, often in anthropogenically-altered habitats. The cases that we identified have occurred across a broad range of taxa and environments. Therefore we suggest that competitive displacement has the potential to be a widespread phenomenon, and the frequency of these displacement events may increase, given the ever-increasing degree of anthropogenic changes to the environment. A greater awareness of competitive displacement events should lead to more studies documenting the relative importance of key factors and developing hypotheses that explain observed patterns. C1 Florida A&M Univ, USDA ARS, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Reitz, SR (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, USDA ARS, Ctr Biol Control, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RI Reitz, Stuart/B-7667-2008 NR 183 TC 202 Z9 238 U1 6 U2 69 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4170 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 2002 VL 47 BP 435 EP 465 DI 10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145227 PG 31 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 514DC UT WOS:000173421900015 PM 11729081 ER PT J AU Symondson, WOC Sunderland, KD Greenstone, MH AF Symondson, WOC Sunderland, KD Greenstone, MH TI Can generalist predators be effective biocontrol agents? SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE polyphagous predators; predation theory; generalists versus specialists; habitat manipulation; conservation biological control ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; APHID RHOPALOSIPHUM-PADI; PTEROSTICHUS-MELANARIUS COLEOPTERA; AUGMENTATIVE BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; EPHEMERAL CROP HABITATS; GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; ROSY APPLE APHID; NATURAL ENEMIES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA AB Theoretical developments are helping. us to comprehend the basic parameters, governing, the dynamics of the interactions between generalist predators and their many pest and nonpest prey. In practice, however, inter- and intraspecific interactions between generalist predators, and between the predators mid their prey, within multispecies systems under the influence of rapidly changing biotic and abiotic variables are difficult to predict. We discuss trade-offs between the relative merits of specialists and generalists that allow both to be effective, and often complementary, under different Circumstances. A review of manipulative field studies showed that in similar to75% of cases, generalist predators, whether single species or species assemblages, reduced pest numbers significantly. Techniques for manipulating predator numbers to enhance pest control at different scales are discussed. We now need to find ways of disentangling the factors influencing positive and negative interactions within natural enemy communities in Order to optimize beneficial synergies leading to pest control. C1 Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Cardiff Sch Biosci, Cardiff CF10 3TL, S Glam, Wales. Inst Hort Res, Dept Entomol Sci, Wellesbourne CV35 9EF, Warwick, England. USDA ARS, Plant Sci & water Conservat Res Lab, Stillwater, OK USA. RP Symondson, WOC (reprint author), Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Cardiff Sch Biosci, POB 915, Cardiff CF10 3TL, S Glam, Wales. RI Symondson, William /A-4476-2010 NR 227 TC 603 Z9 646 U1 21 U2 318 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4170 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 2002 VL 47 BP 561 EP 594 DI 10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145240 PG 34 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 514DC UT WOS:000173421900019 PM 11729085 ER PT J AU Yeum, KJ Russell, RM AF Yeum, KJ Russell, RM TI Carotenoid bioavailability and bioconversion SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE vitamin A; cleavage; absorption; transport ID RICH LIPOPROTEIN FRACTION; TRANS-BETA-CAROTENE; GAP JUNCTIONAL COMMUNICATION; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES; VITAMIN-A STATUS; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; ALPHA-CAROTENE; MACULAR PIGMENT; HUMAN SERUM AB The possible role of carotenoids and their metabolites in disease prevention is far from fully understood, because the bioavailabilities of carotenoids are complicated by multiple factors that affect their absorption, breakdown, transport, and storage. Rapid progress in developing sophisticated methodologies, including use of stable-isotope dilution methods, now allows for an accurate determination of the true vitamin A activity of provitamin A carotenoids. The recent identification of specific enzymes, which catalyze the breakdown of beta-carotene as well as nonprovitamin A carotenoids, is providing a better understanding of the functions of carotenoids at the molecular level. The pathways and possible mechanisms of carotenoid breakdown and factors affecting the bioavailability of carotenoids, such as carotenoid type, food matrix, interaction with other carotenoids and other food components, nutritional status, aging, and infection, are discussed in this review. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Yeum, KJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM Russell@HNRC.Tufts.edu NR 132 TC 275 Z9 288 U1 9 U2 65 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0199-9885 EI 1545-4312 J9 ANNU REV NUTR JI Annu. Rev. Nutr. PY 2002 VL 22 BP 483 EP 504 DI 10.1146/annurev.nutr.22.010402.102834 PG 22 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 627DR UT WOS:000179917900022 PM 12055355 ER PT J AU Line, RF AF Line, RF TI Stripe rust of wheat and barley in North America: A retrospective historical review SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE epidemiology; prediction; control; resistance; genetics ID ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; F-SP HORDEI; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; WINTER-WHEAT; CHROMOSOMAL LOCATION; SEEDLING RESISTANCE; YELLOW RUST; GENE-ACTION; CULTIVARS AB This retrospective review deals with the sequence of events and research progress on control of stripe rust of wheat and barley in North America. From the discovery of stripe rust in 1915, it documents the early years of stripe rust research, the 20-year hiatus when stripe rust was not considered important and research was almost nonexistent, the short period in the 1950s when stripe rust became prevalent in the central United States, and the severe epidemics in the West in the 1960s and the associated revival and expansion of research. Finally, it covers 1968 to 2001 when the earlier information was consolidated and combined with results of new research to enable prediction and control of stripe rust, especially in the West. C1 USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Line, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 200 TC 159 Z9 196 U1 1 U2 40 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2002 VL 40 BP 75 EP 118 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.40.020102.111645 PG 44 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 605FA UT WOS:000178665700004 PM 12147755 ER PT J AU Chitwood, DJ AF Chitwood, DJ TI Phytochemical based strategies for nematode control SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE nematicide; natural product; anthelmintic; biological control; fungi ID ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE; PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; SOYBEAN CYST-NEMATODE; 2 NEMATOCIDAL SUBSTANCES; TAGETES-PATULA L; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; GLOBODERA-ROSTOCHIENSIS; TERPENOID ALDEHYDES; ASCOPHYLLUM-NODOSUM; IN-VITRO AB This review examines the discovery of naturally occurring phytochemicals antagonistic toward plant-parasitic and other nematodes. Higher plants have yielded a broad spectrum of active compounds, including polythienyls, isothiocyanates, glucosinolates, cyanogenic glycosides, polyacetylenes, alkaloids, lipids, terpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, quassinoids, steroids, triterpenoids, simple and complex phenolics, and several other classes. Many other antinematodal compounds have been isolated from biocontrol and other fungi. Natural products active against mammalian parasites can serve as useful sources of compounds for examination of activity against plant parasites. The agricultural utilization of phytochemicals, although currently uneconomic in many situations, offers tremendous potential. C1 USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chitwood, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Nematol Lab, BARC W, Bldg 011A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM chitwood@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Torero, Rebeca/C-1703-2012 NR 179 TC 304 Z9 362 U1 17 U2 123 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2002 VL 40 BP 221 EP + DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.40.032602.130045 PG 255 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 605FA UT WOS:000178665700009 PM 12147760 ER PT J AU Wolpert, TJ Dunkle, LD Ciuffetti, LM AF Wolpert, TJ Dunkle, LD Ciuffetti, LM TI Host-selective toxins and avirulence determinants: What's in a name? SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE avirulence factors; compatibility; host-specific toxins; incompatibility; programmed cell death ID PYRENOPHORA-TRITICI-REPENTIS; F-SP-LYCOPERSICI; PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; FUNGUS COCHLIOBOLUS-CARBONUM; JAPANESE PEAR PATHOTYPE; DISEASE RESISTANCE GENE; MALE-STERILE CYTOPLASM; MITOCHONDRIAL PERMEABILITY TRANSITION; CYCLIC PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS; ENZYME-MEDIATED INTEGRATION AB Host-selective toxins, a group of structurally complex and chemically diverse metabolites produced by plant pathogenic strains of certain fungal species, function as essential determinants of pathogenicity or virulence. Investigations into the molecular and biochemical responses to these disease determinants reveal responses typically associated with host defense and incompatibility induced by avirulence determinants. The characteristic responses that unify these disparate disease phenotypes are numerous, yet the evidence implicating a causal relationship of these responses, whether induced by host-selective toxins or avirulence factors, in determining the consequences of the host-pathogen interaction is equivocal. This review summarizes some examples of the action of host-selective toxins to illustrate the similarity in responses with those to avirulence determinants. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Wolpert, TJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM wolpertt@bcc.orst.edu; dunkle@btny.purdue.edu; ciuffetl@bcc.orst.edu NR 271 TC 262 Z9 274 U1 4 U2 42 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2002 VL 40 BP 251 EP + DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.40.011402.114210 PG 36 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 605FA UT WOS:000178665700010 PM 12147761 ER PT J AU Weller, DM Raaijmakers, JM Gardener, BBM Thomashow, LS AF Weller, DM Raaijmakers, JM Gardener, BBM Thomashow, LS TI Microbial populations responsible for specific soil suppressiveness to plant pathogens SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE molecular ecology; rhizosphere; biological control; Gaeumannomyces graminis ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; GRAMINIS-VAR-TRITICI; NONPATHOGENIC FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM; TAKE-ALL DISEASE; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS F113; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI AG-8; BLACK ROOT-ROT; F-SP DIANTHI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GAEUMANNOMYCES-GRAMINIS AB Agricultural soils suppressive to soilborne plant pathogens occur worldwide, and for several of these soils the biological basis of suppressiveness has been described. Two classical types of suppressiveness are known. General suppression owes its activity to the total microbial biomass in soil and is not transferable between soils. Specific suppression owes its activity to the effects of individual or select groups of microorganisms and is transferable. The microbial basis of specific suppression to four diseases, Fusarium wilts, potato scab, apple replant disease, and take-all, is discussed. One of the best-described examples occurs in take-all decline soils. In Washington State, take-all decline results from the buildup of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. that produce the antifungal metabolite 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol. Producers of this metabolite may have a broader role in disease-suppressive soils worldwide. By coupling molecular technologies with traditional approaches used in plant pathology and microbiology, it is possible to dissect the microbial composition and complex interactions in suppressive soils. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Wageningen Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Phytopathol Lab, NL-6700 EE Wageningen, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Weller, DM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Root Dis & Biol Control Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI McSpadden Gardener, Brian/C-9844-2009; Raaijmakers, Jos/D-1574-2014 OI Raaijmakers, Jos/0000-0003-1608-6614 NR 238 TC 577 Z9 636 U1 33 U2 270 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2002 VL 40 BP 309 EP + DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.40.030402.110010 PG 41 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 605FA UT WOS:000178665700012 PM 12147763 ER PT J AU Janisiewicz, WJ Korsten, L AF Janisiewicz, WJ Korsten, L TI Biological control of postharvest diseases of fruits SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Review DE fruit decay; biocontrol; microbial interaction; microbial antagonists ID PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE STRAINS; SEMI-COMMERCIAL CONDITIONS; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA CONIDIA; MANAGING PLANT-DISEASES; YEAST CANDIDA-SAKE; PEACH BROWN ROT; BLUE MOLD; PENICILLIUM-DIGITATUM; CITRUS-FRUIT; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS AB Losses from postharvest fruit diseases range from 1 to 20 percent in the United States, depending on the commodity. The application of fungicides to fruits after harvest to reduce decay has been increasingly curtailed by the development of pathogen resistance to many key fungicides, the lack of replacement fungicides, negative public perception regarding the safety of pesticides and consequent restrictions on fungicide use. Biological control of postharvest diseases (BCPD) has emerged as an effective alternative. Because wound-invading necrotrophic pathogens are vulnerable to biocontrol, antagonists can be applied directly to the targeted area (fruit wounds), and a single application using existing delivery systems (drenches, line sprayers, on-line dips) can significantly reduce fruit decays. The pioneering biocontrol products BioSave and Aspire were registered by EPA in 1995 for control of postharvest rots of pome and citrus fruit, respectively, and are commercially available. The limitations of these biocontrol products can be addressed by enhancing biocontrol through manipulation of the environment, using mixtures of beneficial organisms, physiological and genetic enhancement of the biocontrol mechanisms, manipulation of formulations, and integration of biocontrol with other alternative methods that alone do not provide adequate protection but in combination with biocontrol provide additive or synergistic effects. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Pretoria, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Janisiewicz, WJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM wjanisie@afrs.ars.usda.gov; lkorsten@fabi.up.ac.za RI Korsten, Lise/C-9047-2012 NR 201 TC 483 Z9 551 U1 14 U2 134 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4286 J9 ANNU REV PHYTOPATHOL JI Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. PY 2002 VL 40 BP 411 EP 441 DI 10.1146/annurev.phyto.40.120401.130158 PG 31 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 605FA UT WOS:000178665700015 PM 12147766 ER PT J AU Fletcher, JC AF Fletcher, JC TI Shoot and floral meristem maintenance in arabidopsis SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE stem cell; signal transduction; CLAVATA; receptor kinase; feedback loop ID RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN; CELL LINEAGE PATTERNS; APICAL MERISTEM; GENE ENCODES; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; CLONAL ANALYSIS; HOMEOTIC GENE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; PERICLINAL CHIMERAS; PLANT DEVELOPMENT AB The shoot apical meristem (SAM) of higher plants functions as a site of continuous organogenesis within which a small pool of pluripotent stem cells replenishes the cells incorporated into lateral organs. This article summarizes recent results demonstrating that the fate of stem cells in Arabidopsis shoot and floral meristems is controlled by overlapping spatial and temporal signaling systems. Stem cell maintenance is an active process requiring constant communication between neighboring groups of SAM cells. Information flows via a ligand-receptor signal transduction pathway, resulting in the formation of a spatial feedback loop that stabilizes the size of the stem cell population. Termination of stem cell activity during flower development is achieved by a temporal feedback loop involving both stem cell maintenance genes and flower patterning genes. These investigations are providing exciting insights into the components and activities of the stem cell regulatory pathway and into the interaction of this pathway with molecular mechanisms that control floral patterning. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Plant & Microbial Biol Dept, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Fletcher, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Plant & Microbial Biol Dept, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM fletcher@nature.berkeley.edu NR 76 TC 84 Z9 92 U1 4 U2 34 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-5008 J9 ANNU REV PLANT BIOL JI Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. PY 2002 VL 53 BP 45 EP 66 DI 10.1146/annurev.arplant.53.092701.143332 PG 24 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 579MW UT WOS:000177183300003 PM 12221985 ER PT J AU Mooney, BP Miernyk, JA Randall, DD AF Mooney, BP Miernyk, JA Randall, DD TI The complex fate of alpha-ketoacids SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE intermediary metabolism; mitochondria; protein structure; pyruvate dehydrogenase; regulation ID PYRUVATE-DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX; 2-OXO ACID DEHYDROGENASE; DIHYDROLIPOAMIDE ACETYLTRANSFERASE COMPONENT; LIPOATE SUCCINYLTRANSFERASE COMPLEX; NEMATODE ASCARIS-SUUM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; 2-OXOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE; LIPOAMIDE DEHYDROGENASE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; PARASITIC NEMATODE AB Plant cells are unique in that they contain four species of alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex: plastidial pyruvate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate) dehydrogenase, and branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase. All complexes include multiple copies of three components: an ot-ketoacid dehydrogenase/decarboxylase, a dihydrolipoyl acyltransferase, and a dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase. The mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex additionally includes intrinsic regulatory protein-kinase and -phosphatase enzymes. The acyltransferases form the intricate geometric core structures of the complexes. Substrate channeling plus active-site coupling combine to greatly enhance the catalytic efficiency of these complexes. These alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes occupy key positions in intermediary metabolism, and a basic understanding of their properties is critical to genetic and metabolic engineering. The current status of knowledge of the biochemical, regulatory, structural, genomic, and evolutionary aspects of these fascinating multienzyme complexes are reviewed. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Mooney, BP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM mooneyb@missouri.edu; miemykj@missouri.edu; randalld@missouri.edu NR 87 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 2 U2 17 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-5008 J9 ANNU REV PLANT BIOL JI Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. PY 2002 VL 53 BP 357 EP 375 DI 10.1146/annurev.arplant.53.100301.135251 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 579MW UT WOS:000177183300015 PM 12221980 ER PT J AU Spreitzer, RJ Salvucci, ME AF Spreitzer, RJ Salvucci, ME TI Rubisco: Structure, regulatory interactions, and possibilities for a better enzyme SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE carbon dioxide; catalysis; chloroplast; photosynthesis; protein structure ID RIBULOSE-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; CHLOROPLAST RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; SITE-DIRECTED MUTANT; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY FACTOR; LARGE-SUBUNIT; 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RIBULOSEBISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; CO2/O-2 SPECIFICITY; ACTIVE-SITE; OXYGENASE ACTIVASE AB Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) catalyzes the first step in net photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and photorespiratory carbon oxidation. The enzyme is notoriously inefficient as a catalyst for the carboxylation of RuBP and is subject to competitive inhibition by 02, inactivation by loss of carbamylation, and dead-end inhibition by RuBP. These inadequacies make Rubisco rate limiting for photosynthesis and an obvious target for increasing agricultural productivity. Resolution of X-ray crystal structures and detailed analysis of divergent, mutant, and hybrid enzymes have increased our insight into the structure/function relationships of Rubisco. The interactions and associations relatively far from the Rubisco active site, including regulatory interactions with Rubisco activase, may present new approaches and strategies for understanding and ultimately improving this complex enzyme. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Inst Agr & Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Spreitzer, RJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Inst Agr & Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. NR 161 TC 401 Z9 452 U1 25 U2 156 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1040-2519 J9 ANNU REV PLANT BIOL JI Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. PY 2002 VL 53 BP 449 EP 475 DI 10.1146/annurev.arplant.53.100301.135233 PG 31 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 579MW UT WOS:000177183300019 PM 12221984 ER PT J AU Liu, SL Kulp, SK Sugimoto, Y Jiang, JH Chang, HL Dowd, MK Wan, P Lin, YC AF Liu, SL Kulp, SK Sugimoto, Y Jiang, JH Chang, HL Dowd, MK Wan, P Lin, YC TI The (-)-enantiomer of gossypol possesses higher anticancer potency than racemic gossypol in human breast cancer SO ANTICANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cyclin D1 gossypol; human breast epithelial cells; human breast stromal cells; transforming growth factor beta ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; CELL-LINES; IN-VITRO; ANTITUMOR; TOXICITY; INVITRO; PROLIFERATION; CYTOTOXICITY; ENANTIOMERS AB Natural gossypol (GP), a polyphenolic pigment in cottonseed, is a racemic mixture of two enantiomers, (+)GP and (-)GP. Our aim was to compare the abilities of (+/-)GP, (+)GP and (-)GP to reduce proliferation of breast cancerous epithelial cells (cEC) and cancerous stromal cells (cSC). Proliferation was measured by 3 H-thymidine uptake. Results showed that (+)GP had no effect on both cEC and cSC. In contrast, in both cell types, (+/-)GP and (-)GP significantly inhibited proliferation. (+/-)GP caused reductions of 15, 46 and 82% at 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mu M, respectively, in cEC, and reductions of 17, 28, 39 and 56% at 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 muM, respectively, in cSC. (-)GP induced reductions of 33, 89 and 98% at 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 muM, respectively, in cEC, and reductions of 29, 51, 64 and 72% at 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 muM, respectively, in cSC. By RT-PCR, we found that 3 muM of (+/-)GP and (-)GP decreased cyclin D1 mRNA expression in both cell types (52% and 71%, respectively, in cEC; and 47% and 71%, respectively, in cSC), and increased transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) mRNA expression in both cell types (93% and 130%, respectively, in cEC; and 45% and 89%, respectively, in cSC). Interestingly, (-)GP was significantly more potent than ()GP. These results show that (-)GP is the major inhibitory component of ()GP, (-)GP is the more potent inhibitor of cancerous breast cell growth, and the inhibitory activity of (-)GP and (+/-)GP is related to the reduction of the cell cycle regulator, cyclin D1, and the induction of the cell proliferation inhibitor, TGFbeta. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Lab Reprod & Mol Endocrinol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Lin, YC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Lab Reprod & Mol Endocrinol, 1900 Coffeey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Sugimoto, Yasuro/B-4004-2012; Liu, Suling/N-2796-2013 OI Sugimoto, Yasuro/0000-0002-5094-4347; NR 33 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDRITIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, PO BOX 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0250-7005 J9 ANTICANCER RES JI Anticancer Res. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1A BP 33 EP 38 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 547UZ UT WOS:000175351900005 PM 12017312 ER PT B AU Han, SN Adolfsson, O Meydani, SN AF Han, SN Adolfsson, O Meydani, SN BE Packer, L Traber, MG Kraemer, K Frei, B TI Vitamin E and enhancement of the immune response in the aged: Cellular and molecular mechanisms SO ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS C AND E LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Antioxidant Vitamins C and E CY MAR 06-09, 2002 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Linus Pauling Inst, Oxygen Club Calif ID MURINE T-LYMPHOCYTES; OLD MICE; E SUPPLEMENTATION; RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; CELLS; NAIVE; PROLIFERATION; MACROPHAGES; ACTIVATION; CYCLOOXYGENASE C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. RP Han, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 508 S 6TH ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 USA BN 1-893997-29-4 PY 2002 BP 216 EP 227 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BW46Z UT WOS:000182085900016 ER PT J AU Nisbet, D AF Nisbet, D TI Defined competitive exclusion cultures in the prevention of enteropathogen colonisation in poultry and swine SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chickens; competitive exclusion; continuous-culture; Escherichia coli O157 : H7; Listeria monocytogenes; pigs; Salmonella ID SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM COLONIZATION; CONTINUOUS-FLOW CULTURE; EARLY-WEANED PIGS; BROILER CHICKS; CECAL BACTERIA; SEROVAR CHOLERAESUIS; INFECTION; PREEMPT(TM); MORTALITY AB A competitive exclusion culture (CE) containing a mixture of 29 different bacterial isolates obtained from the cecae of broiler chickens was developed utilizing continuous-flow culture techniques. This culture (CF3) has been efficacious in controlling gut colonization by enteropathogens in both experimentally infected broilers and under commercial field conditions. In day-old broiler chicks provided CF3, and challenged with 10,000 CFU Salmonella typhimurium greater than a 99% reduction in Salmonella cecal colonization levels was observed compared to control chicks. Similarly, CF3 has also been shown to protect experimentally infected broiler chicks from cecal colonization by S. enteritidis (Phage types 4 and 13), S. gallinarum, Listeria Monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7. A commercial product was developed from CF3 and is sold under the tradename PREEMPT(TM). In a Food and Drug Administration approved, double blinded, pivotal field trial, chicks treated with PREEMPTT(TM) had significantly fewer salmonellae than untreated chicks at end-of-growout. This product is the first of its kind available to the U. S. poultry industry. Using similar technology a product has also been developed that decreases shedding of salmonellae in neonate and weaned pigs, and also has been shown to reduce mortality associated with enteropathogens in young pigs both in the laboratory and in a commercial swine herd. C1 ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. RP Nisbet, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. NR 37 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PY 2002 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 481 EP 486 DI 10.1023/A:1020541603877 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 600KY UT WOS:000178390200045 PM 12448744 ER PT J AU Mazzola, M AF Mazzola, M TI Mechanisms of natural soil suppressiveness to soilborne diseases SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apple replant disease; Fusarium wilt; Rhizoctonia; suppressive soils; take-all decline ID FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM FO47; PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA WCS358; GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GAEUMANNOMYCES-GRAMINIS; RHIZOCTONIA-SOLANI; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONAS; CROPPING SYSTEMS; APPLE ROOTS; TAKE-ALL AB Suppressive soils are characterized by a very low level of disease development even though a virulent pathogen and susceptible host are present. Biotic and abiotic elements of the soil environment contribute to suppressiveness, however most defined systems have identified biological elements as primary factors in disease suppression. Many soils possess similarities with regard to microorganisms involved in disease suppression, while other attributes are unique to specific pathogen-suppressive soil systems. The organisms operative in pathogen suppression do so via diverse mechanisms including competition for nutrients, antibiosis and induction of host resistance. Nonpathogenic Fusarium spp. and fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. play a critical role in naturally occurring soils that are suppressive to Fusarium wilt. Suppression of take-all of wheat, caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, is induced in soil after continuous wheat monoculture and is attributed, in part, to selection of fluorescent pseudomonads with capacity to produce the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol. Cultivation of orchard soils with specific wheat varieties induces suppressiveness to Rhizoctonia root rot of apple caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG 5. Wheat cultivars that stimulate disease suppression enhance populations of specific fluorescent pseudomonad genotypes with antagonistic activity toward this pathogen. Methods that transform resident microbial communities in a manner which induces natural soil suppressiveness have potential as components of environmentally sustainable systems for management of soilborne plant pathogens. C1 ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, USDA, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, USDA, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 59 TC 99 Z9 106 U1 4 U2 63 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PY 2002 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 557 EP 564 DI 10.1023/A:1020557523557 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 600KY UT WOS:000178390200052 PM 12448751 ER PT J AU Bakker, PAHM Glandorf, DCM Viebahn, M Ouwens, TWM Smit, E Leeflang, P Wernars, K Thomashow, LS Thomas-Oates, JE van Loon, LC AF Bakker, PAHM Glandorf, DCM Viebahn, M Ouwens, TWM Smit, E Leeflang, P Wernars, K Thomashow, LS Thomas-Oates, JE van Loon, LC TI Effects of Pseudomonas putida modified to produce phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol on the microflora of field grown wheat SO ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; GRAMINIS VAR TRITICI; TAKE-ALL; FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONAS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FUSARIUM-WILT; RHIZOSPHERE; SOIL; DIVERSITY AB Pseudomonas putida WCS358r, genetically modified to have improved activity against soil-borne pathogens, was released into the rhizosphere of wheat. Two genetically modified derivatives carried the phz or the phl biosynthetic gene loci and constitutively produced either the antifungal compound phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) or the antifungal and antibacterial compound 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG). In 1997 and 1998, effects of single introductions of PCA producing derivatives on the indigenous microflora were studied. A transient shift in the composition of the total fungal microflora, determined by amplified ribosomal DNA restiction analysis (ARDRA), was detected. Starting in 1999, effects of repeated introduction of genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs) were studied. Wheat seeds coated with the PCA producer, the DAPG producer, a mixture of the PCA and DAPG producers, or WCS358r, were sown and the densities, composition and activities of the rhizosphere microbial populations were measured. All introduced strains decreased from 10(7)CFU per gram of rhizosphere sample to below the detection limit after harvest of the wheat plants. The phz genes were stably maintained in the PCA producers, and PCA was detected in rhizosphere extracts of plants treated with this strain or with the mixture of the PCA and DAPG producers. The phl genes were also stably maintained in the DAPG producing derivative of WCS358r. Effects of the genetically modified bacteria on the rhizosphere fungi and bacteria were analyzed by using amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis. Introduction of the genetically modified bacterial strains caused a transient change in the composition of the rhizosphere microflora. However, introduction of the GMMs did not affect the several soil microbial activities that were investigated in this study. C1 Univ Utrecht, Inst Biol, Sect Plant Pathol, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, Netherlands. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Washington State Univ, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. UMIST, Michael Barber Ctr Mass Spectrometry, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. RP Bakker, PAHM (reprint author), Univ Utrecht, Inst Biol, Sect Plant Pathol, POB 80084, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, Netherlands. RI Bakker, Peter/B-9355-2011; Utrecht Univ., PMI/G-9549-2011 NR 41 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-6072 J9 ANTON LEEUW INT J G JI Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek PY 2002 VL 81 IS 1-4 BP 617 EP 624 DI 10.1023/A:1020526126283 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 600KY UT WOS:000178390200058 PM 12448757 ER PT J AU Weirich, GF Collins, AM Williams, VP AF Weirich, GF Collins, AM Williams, VP TI Antioxidant enzymes in the honey bee, Apis mellifera SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; catalase; glutathione S-transferase; superoxide dismutase ID SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE ACTIVITY; SUBCELLULAR-DISTRIBUTION; GLUTATHIONE-PEROXIDASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; INSTRUMENTAL INSEMINATION; QUEEN BEES; RAT-LIVER; CATALASE; TRANSFERASES; LARVAE AB Catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined in postmitochondrial fractions of tissue homogenates (spermathecae, muscle and ventriculi), in hemolymph plasma, and in semen of honey bees. The highest CAT activity was found in semen (4.8 mU/mug fresh weight), and the enzyme was confined to the spermatozoa. CAT and GST activities of ventriculi exceeded those of other tissues and hemolymph, CAT being highest in mated queen ventriculi (2.7 mU/mug) and GST highest in worker ventriculi (10 mU/mug). Spermathecae of mated queens had higher CAT and GST activities (0.84 mU/mug, and 2.4 mU/mug, respectively) than virgin spermathecae (0.15 mU/mug, and 1.6 mU/mug). SOD activities (15-59 mU/mug) varied less than activities of CAT or GST between tissues. Seminal plasma contained two thirds of the total SOD activity of semen and one third was in the spermatozoa. The substantial activities of all three enzymes in spermathecae of mated queens suggest their involvement in the long-term protection of the spermatozoa from oxidative stress. C1 ARS, Bee Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Collins, AM (reprint author), ARS, Bee Res Lab, USDA, Bldg 476,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 37 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 26 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 33 IS 1 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1051/apido:2001001 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 527HQ UT WOS:000174181000001 ER PT J AU Gawande, PV Bhagwat, AA AF Gawande, PV Bhagwat, AA TI Inoculation onto solid surfaces protects Salmonella spp. during acid challenge: a model study using polyethersulfone membranes SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOLERANCE RESPONSE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TYPHIMURIUM; OUTBREAK; INFECTIONS; MECHANISMS; BACTERIA; PRODUCE; BIOFILM; CHEESE AB Salmonellae are the most frequently reported cause of outbreaks of food-borne gastroenteritis in the United States. In clinical trials, the oral infective dose (ID) for healthy volunteers was estimated to be approximately I million cells. However, in reports from various outbreaks, the ID of Salmonella species associated with solid foods was estimated to be as few as 100 cells. We found that fresh-cut produce surfaces not only provided suitable solid support for pathogen attachment but also played a critical role in increasing the acid tolerance of the pathogen. However the acidic nature of certain produce played no role in making salmonellae resistant to stomach acidity. Inoculation onto fresh-cut produce surfaces, as well as onto inert surfaces, such as polyethersulfone membranes and tissue paper, increased the survival of salmonellae during acid challenge (50 mM Na-citrate, pH 3.0; 37degreesC; 2 h) by 4 to 5 log units. Acid challenge experiments using cells inoculated onto polyethersulfone membranes provided a model system suitable for studying the underlying fundamentals of the protection that occurs when Salmonella strains are associated with solid foods. The surface-associated acid protection, which was observed in several Salmonella strains, required de novo protein synthesis and was independent of stationary-phase sigma transcription factor. C1 USDA ARS, BARC W, Inst Plant Sci, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Bhagwat, AA (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC W, Inst Plant Sci, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 002,Room 117, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Gawande, Purushottam/C-5487-2014 OI Gawande, Purushottam/0000-0001-8675-9293 NR 31 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 68 IS 1 BP 86 EP 92 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.1.86-92.2002 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 508JM UT WOS:000173085000012 PM 11772613 ER PT J AU Janecka, J Jenkins, MB Brackett, NS Lion, LW Ghiorse, WC AF Janecka, J Jenkins, MB Brackett, NS Lion, LW Ghiorse, WC TI Characterization of a Sinorhizobium isolate and its extracellular polymer implicated in pollutant transport in soil SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POROUS-MEDIA; RAPID METHOD; K-ANTIGENS; FREDII; PHENANTHRENE; SEQUENCES; COLLOIDS; RHIZOBIA; BACTERIA AB A bacterium isolated from soil (designated 9702-M4) synthesizes an extracellular polymer that facilitates the transport of such hydrophobic pollutants as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as the toxic metals lead and cadmium in soil. Biolog analysis, growth rate determinations, and percent G+C content identify 9702-M4 as a strain of Sinorhizobium meliloti. Sequence analysis of a 16S rDNA fragment gives 9702-M4 a phylogenetic designation most closely related to Sinorhizobium fredii. The extracellular polymer of isolate 9702-M4 is composed of both an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) and a rough lipopolysaccharide. The EPS component is composed mainly of 4-glucose linkages with monomers of galactose, mannose, and glucuronic acid and has pyruval and acetyl constituents. The lipid fraction and the negative charge associated with carbonyl groups of the exopolymer are thought to account for the binding of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and cationic metals. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Chem, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Jenkins, MB (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 42 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 68 IS 1 BP 423 EP 426 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.1.423-426.2002 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 508JM UT WOS:000173085000055 PM 11772656 ER PT J AU Hughs, SE AF Hughs, SE TI Ginning rib modifications to reduce seedcoat fragments SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cottonseed; saw ginning; seed damage; gin ribs AB Seed loss and seedcoat-fragment generation and contamination of ginned lint during the ginning process can be a problem with newer, small-seeded cotton varieties. Excessive seed loss means a loss of a valuable gin product. Also, seedcoats in ginned fiber cause textile quality problems during the spinning and weaving processes. Tests were conducted to determine if a new design for holding gin saws in the middle of the ginning rib gaps would reduce seed damage and seedcoat-fragment generation. Results indicated that the experimental saw guides significantly reduced seed damage. The guides also gave significantly higher quality yarn for the experimental design. Other benefits of the guides included a higher gin turnout and longer fiber Additional tests will be conducted to further improve and understand the somewhat complex interaction of gin saws, saw guides, and cottonseed at the ginning point. C1 USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. RP Hughs, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Cotton Ginning Res Lab, POB 578,So Plains Area, Mesilla Pk, NM 88047 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 13 EP 16 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 542GQ UT WOS:000175035500002 ER PT J AU Replogle, JA AF Replogle, JA TI Some observations on irrigation flow measurements at the end of the millennium SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE flow measurement; water measurement; irrigation; irrigation management ID DISCHARGES AB This article provides a brief historical look at the origins of flow metering in the last millennium, touching on some of the developments we use today in open-channel and pipeline flows for irrigated agriculture. While the basic physical principals recognized as useable for measuring flows have remained basically unchanged, the range and accuracy of monitoring these physical effects have been vastly improved by collateral developments in electronics and computer technology. For example, the ultrasonic properties of a fluid medium have long been recognized, but only in the last decade have the practical and inexpensive means to exploit these properties become available. Some of the newer developments during the last quarter of the past century include long-throated flumes of many shapes for which the discharge ratings, or calibrations, are determined by computer techniques. A recent extension to the computer-calibrated flume's repertoire includes the adjustable-throat-flumes that aid in placement in earthen channels because they virtually eliminate concern for vertical elevation of the throat, which can be adjusted to accommodate ditch flow conditions after installation. Other recent developments include: vortex-shedding meters; ultrasonic flow meters, of both the Doppler type and transonic types; and simplifications on construction and application of Pitot tubes for measuring flow in irrigation wells. C1 ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85050 USA. RP Replogle, JA (reprint author), ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, USDA, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85050 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 47 EP 55 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 542GQ UT WOS:000175035500007 ER PT J AU Sheridan, JM Merkel, WH Bosch, DD AF Sheridan, JM Merkel, WH Bosch, DD TI Peak rate factors for flatland watersheds SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE hydrology; storm runoff; coastal plains; flatwoods; unit hydrograph ID HYDROGRAPH AB Improved hydrologic design and modeling relationships are needed for predicting storm runoff response from watersheds with low-gradient drainage networks in coastal regions of the southeastern United States. Specifically, there is a need for developing guidelines for defining synthetic unit hydrographs required for hydrologic modeling applications on flatland watersheds. To develop this information 46 storm events from eight experimental watersheds located in the southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain and Flatwoods regions were evaluated. A relationship was developed between watershed unit hydrograph peak rate factors and two readily measured watershed characteristics, drainage area and main channel slope. This relationship provides a simple, easy-to-use tool that is compatible with hydrologic methods commonly used for estimating watershed-scale storm response. The relationship will provide improved hydrologic design and modeling capabilities required for natural resource and environmental quality planning and management on ungaged flatland watersheds in the southeastern United States. C1 USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NRCS, USDA, Natl Water & Climate Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Sheridan, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, POB 946, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 65 EP 69 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 542GQ UT WOS:000175035500009 ER PT J AU Butts, CL Sanders, TH AF Butts, CL Sanders, TH TI Curing peanuts using continuous flow dryers SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE continuous dryers; curing; drying; groundnuts; peanut AB A two-year study was conducted to determine the potential for curing peanuts using continuous flow dryers with minimal detrimental effects on quality. A single-pass continuous flow dryer and a recirculating batch dryer were compared with conventional wagon drying systems. The rate of change of peanut kernel moisture content (% w.b./h) was considerably higher in the single pass continuous flow (2.1%/h) and the recirculating batch (1.0%/h) dryers than observed in conventionally cured peanuts (0.41%/h). Peanuts cured using the single-pass continuous flow dryer had unacceptably high levels of split and bald kernels when compared to those cured in wagons. The recirculating batch dryer resulted in significantly higher percent split kernels and skin slippage. However, the reduction in peanut milling quality may be acceptable in order to achieve the faster drying rate. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. USDA ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Butts, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 77 EP 83 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 542GQ UT WOS:000175035500011 ER PT J AU Rajkondawar, PG Tasch, U Lefcourt, AM Erez, B Dyer, RM Varner, MA AF Rajkondawar, PG Tasch, U Lefcourt, AM Erez, B Dyer, RM Varner, MA TI A system for identifying lameness in dairy cattle SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE dairy cattle; lameness; force plate; ground reaction forces; limb movement variables; bodyweight; symmetry factors ID GAIT; COWS AB Bovine lameness caused by hoof and leg ailments is a costly problem for the dairy farmer and an important animal welfare issue. Cow lameness necessitates medical treatment, can reduce milk production, often results in decreased body condition, can impair reproductive performance, and impacts animal well being. It was hypothesized that measurements Of vertical ground reaction forces as animals walk over a force-plate system could provide the basis for detecting lameness. A system based on this principle, designated the Reaction Force Detection (RFD) system, was developed. The system consists of two parallel, left and right, floor plates that are each supported by four single-axis load cells. When a cow walks through the system, the load cell reaction forces are recorded as electric signals that change over time. These signals are used to calculate the magnitude and position of a single equivalent reaction force for each plate. When a single limb is on a plate, the calculated value represents the position and reaction force of that limb. Examination of calculated values over time allows leg movement characteristics to be reconstructed, thus allowing measured reaction forces to be associated with specific limbs. Additionally, the system provides measurements of body weight and walking speed. Tests using three sound and three lame cows demonstrated that lame cows can be recognized and effected limbs can be identified. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE USA. Univ Maryland, Agr Expt Stn, CMREC, Ellicott City, MD USA. USDA, ANRI, ISL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Tasch, U (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, 1000 Hilltop CR, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NR 19 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 87 EP 96 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 542GQ UT WOS:000175035500012 ER PT J AU Chao, K Mehl, PM Chen, YR AF Chao, K Mehl, PM Chen, YR TI Use of hyper- and multi-spectral imaging for detection of chicken skin tumors SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE food safety; fuzzy logic; machine vision; poultry inspection ID CARCASS INSPECTION; SYSTEM; DESIGN AB Hyperspectral and multispectral imaging techniques were used to detect chicken skin tumors. Hyperspectral images of eight tumorous chickens were taken in the spectral range of 420 to 850 nm. Principal component analysis was applied to select useful wavelength bands (465, 575, 705 nm) from the tumorous chicken images. A multispectral imaging system capable of simultaneously capturing three registered images was used to image 60 tumorous and 20 normal chickens. Multispectral image analysis was performed to generate ratioed images, which were then divided into regions of interest (ROI's) classified as either tumorous or normal by a veterinarian. Image features for each ROI (coefficient of variation, skewness, and kurtosis) were extracted for use as inputs to fuzzy classifiers. The fuzzy classifiers were able to separate normal from tumorous skin with increasing accuracies as more features were used. In particular, use of all three features gave successful detection rates of 91 and 86% for normal and tumorous tissue, respectively. C1 ARS, USDA, ISL, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chao, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ISL, BARC E, Bldg 303,10300 Baltimore, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 12 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 113 EP 119 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 542GQ UT WOS:000175035500015 ER PT J AU Pearson, TC Edwards, RH Mossman, AP Wood, DF Yu, PC Miller, EL AF Pearson, TC Edwards, RH Mossman, AP Wood, DF Yu, PC Miller, EL TI Insect egg counting on mass rearing oviposition pads by image analysis SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE image analysis; egg counting; pink bollworm; mass rearing ID SPECK AB Variability of egg quantities laid on rearing trays during large-scale production of sterile insects can cause economic losses due to overfeeding or underfeeding. In addition, quality control measures to monitor egg numbers are both tedious and laborious. Methods were developed to count pink bollworm egg numbers on oviposition pads using histogram features from 10-bit grayscale images of the pads. Egg count prediction by regression analysis produced highly significant predictive model equations when individual histogram bin values or cumulative histogram bins (multiple thresholds) were used as independent variables. Models using cumulative histogram bin values appeared more robust as the mean squared error values were slightly lower. There was little difference in prediction results when using camera resolutions of 183, 139, and 94 pixels/cm. Automation of this methodology may allow a mass rearing facility to obtain oviposition pad segments with the desired number of eggs +/-10%, increasing insect yield and/or quality and minimizing diet costs. In addition, the methodology will allow entomologists to quickly and accurately count eggs from laboratory or large-scale experiments. C1 APHIS, USDA, Phoenix Methods Dev Ctr, Phoenix, AZ USA. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Microscopy & Imaging Lab, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Pearson, TC (reprint author), Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 18 IS 1 BP 129 EP 135 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 542GQ UT WOS:000175035500017 ER PT J AU Brown, GG Reed, P Harris, CC AF Brown, GG Reed, P Harris, CC TI Testing a place-based theory for environmental evaluation: an Alaska case study SO APPLIED GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE community analysis; environmental valuation; place attachment; spatial analysis ID MANAGEMENT; VALUES; HEART; LAND AB Norton and Hannon (Environmental Ethics, 19(3), (1997), 227) proposed a theory of environmental evaluation based on a commitment to place or 'sense of place' wherein the intensity of environmental valuation is discounted from the home perspective across both time and space - a form of geographic discounting. This theory leads to a series of specific, testable scientific hypotheses relating the physical distance of an object from the point of residence to the intensity of value-judgements. Using community-based survey data collected as part of the planning process in the Chugach National Forest in Alaska (USA), this paper examines the statistical and spatial relationships between ecosystem values and respondent-selected locations on the regional landscape. The findings indicate that ecosystem values are not uniformly distributed across the landscape (not completely spatially random) and that some spatial relationships exist between selected ecosystem values and point of residence (community). The policy implications of these findings for natural resource planning and management are discussed, highlighting the importance of community-based environmental analysis. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Alaska, Environm Sci Dept, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. US Forest Serv, Chugach Natl Forest, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Resource Recreat & Tourism, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Brown, GG (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Environm Sci Dept, 4101 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 45 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-6228 J9 APPL GEOGR JI Appl. Geogr. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 22 IS 1 BP 49 EP 76 AR PII S0143-6228(01)00019-4 DI 10.1016/S0143-6228(01)00019-4 PG 28 WC Geography SC Geography GA 571LV UT WOS:000176719600003 ER PT J AU Rojas, NS Perry, DA Li, CY Ganio, LM AF Rojas, NS Perry, DA Li, CY Ganio, LM TI Interactions among soil biology, nutrition, and performance of actinorhizal plant species in the H.J. Andrews' Experimental Forest of Oregon SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Frankia; red alder; snowbrush; actinorhizal plants; nitrogen fixation ID ALNUS-RUBRA BONG; RED ALDER; NITROGEN-FIXATION; HEBELOMA-CRUSTULINIFORME; ECTOMYCORRHIZAL PLANTS; MINERAL-NUTRITION; FRANKIA; GROWTH; MYCORRHIZAL; NODULATION AB The study examined the effect of Frankia, macronutrients, micronutrients, mycorrhizal fungi, and plant-growth-promoting fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. on total biomass, nodule weight, and nitrogen fixation of red alder (Alnus rubra) and snowbrush (Ceanothus velutinus) under greenhouse conditions. The soil samples were collected from a 10-year-old clearcut on the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon. Within the clearcut, four sampling points were selected along a slope gradient. Red alder and snowbrush plants were greenhouse-grown in a mix of soil-vermiculite-perlite (2:1:1) for 6 and 12 months, respectively. Plants were inoculated with Frankia and a fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. Some of the red alder were also inoculated with ectomycorrhizal Alpova diplophloeus, and some snowbrush with endomycorrhizal Glomus intraradix. There was no interaction between treatment and slope location for either species. There were significant treatment effects for red alder, but not for snowbrush. Red alder seedlings given Frankia and macronutrients produced more biomass and had greater nitrogen fixation than seedlings grown without additions; adding A. diplophloeus increased nitrogen fixation by 33% over that obtained with Frankia plus macronutrients. Frankia, macronutrients, and the mycorrhizal fungus together increased nitrogen fixation by 136% over the control. Adding only micronutrients to Frankia and macronutrients, however, reduced nitrogen fixation by nearly one half; the presence of the mycorrhizal fungus appeared to buffer these negative effects. Pseudomonas inoculation did not affect any of the measured variables. Slope location of soil affected the two plant species differently. Red alder seedlings grown in upper slope soil had greater biomass and nitrogen fixation than those grown in soil from the lower slope. In contrast, snowbrush plants had greater biomass, nodule weight, and nitrogen fixation when grown in bottom slope soil rather than on soil from any of the other slope positions. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Li, CY (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 19 IS 1 BP 13 EP 26 AR PII S0929-1393(01)00168-8 DI 10.1016/S0929-1393(01)00168-8 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 580NJ UT WOS:000177240400002 ER PT J AU Mitchell, AD Scholz, A Pursel, V AF Mitchell, AD Scholz, A Pursel, V TI Prediction of the in vivo body composition of pigs based on cross-sectional region analysis of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans SO ARCHIV FUR TIERZUCHT-ARCHIVES OF ANIMAL BREEDING LA English DT Article DE pigs; body composition; dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; DXA ID TISSUE AB The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a cross-sectional scan as an alternative to the total body DXA scan for predicting the body composition of pigs in vivo. A total of 212 pigs (56 to 138 kg live body weight) were scanned by DXA. The DXA scans were analyzed for percentage fat and lean in the total body and in 14 cross-sections (57.6 mm wide): 5 in the front leg/thoracic region, 4 in the abdominal region, and 5 in the back leg region. Regression analysis was used to compare total body and cross-sectional DXA results and chemical analysis of total body fat, protein and water. The relation (R-2) between the percentage fat in individual slices and the percentage of total body fat measured by DXA ranged from 0.78 to 0.97 and by chemical analysis from 0.71 to 0.85, respectively. The relation between the percentage of lean in the individual slices and chemical analysis. for percentage of total body protein and water ranged from 0.48 to 0.60 and 0.56 to 0.76, respectively. These results indicate that total body composition of the pig can be predicted (accurately) by performing a time-saving single-pass cross-sectional scan. C1 ARS, Growth Biol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Munich, LVG Oberschleissheim, Tierarztlichen Fak, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany. RP Mitchell, AD (reprint author), ARS, Growth Biol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Scholz, Armin Manfred/0000-0001-7075-0067 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ARCHIV FUR TIERZUCHT PI DUMMERSTORF PA WILHELM-STAHL-ALLEE 2, D-18196 DUMMERSTORF, GERMANY SN 0003-9438 J9 ARCH TIERZUCHT JI Arch. Tierz.-Arch. Anim. Breed. PY 2002 VL 45 IS 6 BP 535 EP 545 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 608HF UT WOS:000178839700003 ER PT J AU Buckner, JS Freeman, TP Ruud, RL Chu, CC Henneberry, TJ AF Buckner, JS Freeman, TP Ruud, RL Chu, CC Henneberry, TJ TI Characterization and functions of the whitefly egg pedicel SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE election microscopy; morphology; ovary; artificial membrane; nymph; water uptake; solute uptake ID ALEYRODIDAE; HOMOPTERA AB For the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia orgentifolii (Bellows and Perring) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), scanning and transmission electron microscopic techniques were used to observe the characteristics of egg oviposition into both plant cells/tissues and artificial membranes, and to document the morphology of mature egg pedicles removed from the ovaries of females. The exterior of the distal portion of the pedicel consisted of a tangled array of fibrous structures (0.2-0.3 mum in diameter) that constituted about 20-25% of the outer diameter of the pedicel. The attachments of the fibers to the core of the pedicle suggested that the pedicel functions as the collector and conduit for water (vapor), and perhaps solute movement into the egg. Silverleaf whitefly eggs on membranes were incubated at various levels of relative humidity and the eggs were scored for egg hatch. At 98-100% rh, the percentage egg hatch was 86-98%. At lower humidity ranges of 0-20, 55-65, and 75-85% rh, none of the eggs hatched. Media (solute) uptake by silverleaf whitefly egg pedicels was determined by exposing the pedicel side of eggs oviposited on membranes to media solutions containing the high molecular weight polysoccharide, [C-14]-inulin. Solute uptake by the pedicel and movement into developing silverleaf whitefly eggs were demonstrated using [2-C-14]-acetate, and assaying for radioactivity in hatched nymphs. These studies, using exposure of pedicels to relative humidity and radiolabeled materials, demonstrate that whitefly egg hatch is dependent upon water uptake by the pedicel, and that the pedicel has the ability to transport solutes into the developing egg. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 49:22-33, 2002. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, USDA, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Buckner, JS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1 BP 22 EP 33 DI 10.1002/arch.10006 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 508JW UT WOS:000173085800003 PM 11754091 ER PT J AU Cheung, AK Bolin, SR AF Cheung, AK Bolin, SR TI Kinetics of porcine circovirus type 2 replication SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME; SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; PLANT CIRCOVIRUSES; NORTHERN-IRELAND; FEATHER DISEASE; CHAIN-REACTION; WEANED PIGS; TT VIRUS; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION AB The kinetics of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) replication in PK15 cells was examined. During productive infection, viral antigens, RNA transcripts and progeny viruses all increased in a time dependent manner. Viral antigens were observed in a few cells at 18 hour postinfection (h p.i.) and cell-free progeny viruses began to appear at about 30 h p.i. Viral transcripts were detected by 18 h p.i. and the capsid protein RNA of 950 nucleotides (nt) was the most abundant RNA species. Two other RNAs of sizes 750 and 450 nt, derived from the predicted replication associated protein (Rep) gene region, were also detected. These two RNAs share 3' common nucleotide sequences and they are transcribed in the same orientation as the proposed unspliced Rep RNA or the recently described Rep' RNA. The 35 kD capsid protein was observed at 30 h p.i. by Western blot analysis and it appeared to be the most immunodominant protein in swine exposed to PCV2. The capsid proteins of PCV type 1 and PCV2 each contain a nuclear localization signal sequence capable of targeting a reporter protein to the nucleoli of transfected cells when the capsid proteins were expressed as 3' fusion polypeptides. Although previous reports indicated that PCV2 capsid proteins localized predominantly in the nuclei of infected cells, we observed an abundant amount of PCV2 capsid proteins in the cytoplasm of many cells of the infected cultures. The cells that exhibited cytoplasmic capsid proteins also contained virus nucleic acids, indicating that these proteins were synthesized by the infected cells and not through uptake from the culture medium. Elucidation of the changes that affect the localization pattern of PCV2 capsid proteins, nuclear versus cytoplasmic, requires further investigation. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Anim Hlth Diagnost Lab, Lansing, MI USA. RP Cheung, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 53 TC 51 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 2002 VL 147 IS 1 BP 43 EP 58 DI 10.1007/s705-002-8302-4 PG 16 WC Virology SC Virology GA 516ER UT WOS:000173539600004 PM 11855635 ER PT J AU Koenig, R Bergstrom, GC Gray, SM Loss, S AF Koenig, R Bergstrom, GC Gray, SM Loss, S TI A New York isolate of Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus differs considerably from the Nebraska type strain in the nucleotide sequences of various coding regions but not in the deduced amino acid sequences - Brief report SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENOME PROPERTIES; GENUS FUROVIRUS; BEET; RYE AB A wheat-infecting furovirus found in Tompkins County, New York, U.S.A. was identified as a strain of Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) by means of sequence analyses of portions of its RNA 1 and 2. The nucleotide sequences of several of its genes differed by c. 9 to 12% from those of the corresponding genome regions of the Nebraska type strain of SBWMV. The deduced amino acid sequences of the putative translation products, however, suggested much closer relationships. Thus, the amino acid sequences of the coat proteins of the two virus strains were 100% identical despite the fact that their coding regions differed in as many as 68 nucleotide positions. The New York (NY) strain of SBWMV is possibly closely related to an isolate from Illinois for which so far only the nucleotide sequences of its coat protein gene and the 5' untranslated region of its RNA 2 are known. C1 Biol Bundesanstalt Land & Forstwirtschaft, Inst Pflanzenvirol Mikrobiol & Biol Sicherheit, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, ARS, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Koenig, R (reprint author), Biol Bundesanstalt Land & Forstwirtschaft, Inst Pflanzenvirol Mikrobiol & Biol Sicherheit, Messeweg 11, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 2002 VL 147 IS 3 BP 617 EP 625 DI 10.1007/s007050200011 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 530CX UT WOS:000174339000012 PM 11958460 ER PT J AU Zakhartchouk, A Bout, A Woods, LW Lehmkuhl, HD Havenga, MJE AF Zakhartchouk, A Bout, A Woods, LW Lehmkuhl, HD Havenga, MJE TI Odocoileus hemionus deer adenovirus is related to the members of Atadenovirus genus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLACK-TAILED DEER; HEMORRHAGIC-DISEASE; FIBER; SEQUENCE; GENES AB The Odocoileus hemionus deer adenovirus (OdAdV-1) causes systemic and local vasculitis and proves extremely lethal for mule deer. To characterize the virus, part of the genome flanking the fiber gene was cloned and sequenced. The sequence revealed two open-reading frames that mapped to pVIII hexon-associated protein precursor and fiber protein of several other adenoviruses. The highest amino acid homology for pVIII and fiber was found with the members of the proposed Atadenovirus genus: ovine adenovirus isolate 287 (OAdV-287), bovine adenovirus 4 (BAdV-4) and duck adenovirus 1 (DAdV-1). The homology with bovine adenovirus type 3 (BAdV-3) proved low. The E3 region was not found between the gene for pVIII and fiber. These data suggest that OdAdV-1 is a member of the Atadenovirus genus. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Calif Vet Diagnost Lab Syst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp & Neurol Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Crucell Holland BV, NL-2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands. RP Havenga, MJE (reprint author), Crucell Holland BV, POB 2048,Archimedesweg 4, NL-2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PY 2002 VL 147 IS 4 BP 841 EP 847 DI 10.1007/s007050200031 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 538YG UT WOS:000174842300016 PM 12038693 ER PT J AU Hwang, IH Thompson, JM AF Hwang, IH Thompson, JM TI A technique to quantify the extent of postmortem degradation of meat ultrastructure SO ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE beef; aging; tenderness; ultrastructure; electrical stimulation ID ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; TROPONIN-T; TENDERNESS; STORAGE; MUSCLE; TENDERIZATION; LONGISSIMUS; NEBULIN; DESMIN; CATTLE AB This study investigated quantitative changes in the spaces between and within myofibrils and the impact of high and low voltage electrical stimulation on muscle ultrastructure as seen in electron micrographs. In addition, the relationships of these spaces and the impact to meat tenderness were investigated. The degradation of myofibrils during aging appeared to be localized across the muscle fibre. Structural deterioration of muscle fibres was evident 1 day post-mortem, involving the weakening in the lateral integrity of the myofibrils and Z-disc regions. Meat tenderisation, as shown by objective measurements, coincided with these increases in degradation, as assessed by the sum of the gaps between and within myofibrils. The results showed that the total size of gaps between and within myofibrils can be used as an indicator of meat tenderization during aging, but that ultrastructural alteration in electrically stimulated muscle had little relationship with meat tenderness. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Hwang, IH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN ASSOC ANIMAL PRODUCTION SOCIETIES PI SUWON PA COLLEGE AGRICULTURE LIFE SCIENCES, DEPT ANIMAL SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY, SUWON 441-744, SOUTH KOREA SN 1011-2367 J9 ASIAN AUSTRAL J ANIM JI Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 BP 111 EP 116 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 497RC UT WOS:000172468400020 ER PT S AU Chevalier, DV Lamb, F Dow, R Hamilton, G AF Chevalier, DV Lamb, F Dow, R Hamilton, G BE Toms, EG TI USDA forest service: Content analysis developments for natural resource management SO ASIST 2002: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 65TH ASIST ANNUAL MEETING, VOL 39, 2002 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASIST ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Information-Science-and-Technology CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Informat Sci & Technol C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Content Anal Team, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Content Anal Team, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Chevalier, DV (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Content Anal Team, 5500 W Amelia Earhart Dr,Bldg 1,Suite 100, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INFORMATION TODAY INC PI MEDFORD PA 143 OLD MARLTON PIKE, MEDFORD, NJ 08055 USA SN 0044-7870 BN 1-57387-167-2 J9 P ASIST ANNU PY 2002 VL 39 BP 516 EP 517 DI 10.1002/meet.1450390191 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Social Issues GA BV87V UT WOS:000180277800091 ER PT J AU Teske, ME Thistle, HW Hewitt, AJ Kirk, IW AF Teske, ME Thistle, HW Hewitt, AJ Kirk, IW TI Conversion of droplet size distributions from PMS optical array probe to malvern laser diffraction SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article ID SPRAY DISPERSION MODEL; AIRCRAFT; SPECTRUMS; SPEED AB This article considers the practical conversion of droplet size spectra data from Particle Measurement Systems (PMS) optical array probe (temporal, or number-flux weighted, sampling) to Malvern laser diffraction (spatial, or number-density weighted, sampling). PMS data collected from two wind tunnels are compared with Malvern data collected from a third. The resulting transformation is applied to the historical USDA Forest Service droplet size distribution database (PMS measurements), in an effort to provide data consistent with the Spray Drift Tash Force droplet size distribution database found in AgDRIFT(R) (Malvern measurements). C1 Continuum Dynam Inc, Ewing, NJ USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV USA. Stewart Agr Res Serv, Macon, MO USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, College Stn, TX USA. RP Teske, ME (reprint author), Continuum Dynam Inc, Ewing, NJ USA. OI Hewitt, Andrew/0000-0001-9210-7013 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1044-5110 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PD JAN-JUN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1-3 BP 267 EP 281 DI 10.1615/AtomizSpr.v12.i123.140 PG 15 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 587KM UT WOS:000177639500014 ER PT J AU Kelly, JF DeLay, LS Finch, DM AF Kelly, JF DeLay, LS Finch, DM TI Density-dependent mass gain by Wilson's Warblers during stopover SO AUK LA English DT Article ID COMPETITION; MIGRATION AB The need restore energetic reserves at Stopover sites constrains avian migration ecology. To describe that constraint, we examined relationships among mass gained by Wilson's Warblers (Wilsonia pusilla) during stopover, abundance of Wilson's Warblers (i.e. capture rate), and arthropod abundance during autumn migration. We found that amount of mass gained by Wilson's Warblers during stopover declined as a function of their abundance. We found no relationship between mass gained by Wilson's Warblers and arthropod abundance. Abundance of Wilson's Warblers was positively associated with arthropod abundance. These patterns are consistent with the hypothesis that mass gain during stopover is density dependent. They also suggest that Wilson's Warblers respond numerically to abundance of food at that stopover site. This numerical response may override any functional response and thereby account for lack of a relationship between mass change and arthropod abundance. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Kelly, JF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 333 Broadway SE, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RI Finch, Deborah/H-2876-2015 OI Finch, Deborah/0000-0001-9118-7381 NR 9 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2002 VL 119 IS 1 BP 210 EP 213 DI 10.1642/0004-8038(2002)119[0210:DDMGBW]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 528ZH UT WOS:000174275200018 ER PT J AU Quisenberry, SS Clement, SL AF Quisenberry, SS Clement, SL TI Conservation and use of global plant genetic resources for insect resistance SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Australasian Plant Breeding Conference CY SEP 15-20, 2002 CL PERTH, AUSTRALIA DE conserved plant genetic resources; germplasm utilisation; molecular genetic technologies; biotechnology; sustainable agricultural productivity; food security ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA RESISTANCE; EXPERIMENTAL MAIZE LINES; LEAF FEEDING RESISTANCE; ALPHA-AMYLASE INHIBITOR; MUNGBEAN VIGNA-RADIATA; PISUM-SATIVUM-L; TROPICAL MAIZE; ROOTWORM COLEOPTERA; EARWORM LEPIDOPTERA AB Insect and mite damage accounts for a significant level (30-70%) of total crop production losses. Conservation and use of plant genetic resources are required to endow crops with pest resistance, as well as to enhance crop yields and nutritional qualities. Advancements in molecular genetic technologies have the potential to facilitate the introgression of insect resistance genes from conserved and unadapted germplasm into cultivated crops. Long-term food security and the sustainability of agricultural productivity worldwide can be enhanced with the conservation and use of global plant genetic resources. C1 Montana State Univ, Coll Agr, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Reg Plant Introduct Stn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Quisenberry, SS (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Coll Agr, 202 Linfield Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM squisenb@montana.edu NR 85 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9409 J9 AUST J AGR RES JI Aust. J. Agric. Res. PY 2002 VL 53 IS 8 BP 865 EP 872 DI 10.1071/AR02017 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 584VU UT WOS:000177490100002 ER PT J AU Coops, N Dury, S Smith, ML Martin, M Ollinger, S AF Coops, N Dury, S Smith, ML Martin, M Ollinger, S TI Comparison of green leaf eucalypt spectra using spectral decomposition SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT; FOREST CANOPY; SPATIAL PREDICTION; REFLECTANCE INDEX; XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE; FOLIAR CHEMISTRY; SOIL PROPERTIES; NITROGEN; LEAVES; BIOCHEMISTRY AB Vegetation function and dynamics are key parameters in terrestrial carbon-cycle models. The strong linkages between biochemical constituents in foliage with photosynthetic capacity and ecosystem productivity makes the development of methods to characterise patterns of foliage biochemistry a potentially powerful approach for estimating leaf function and carbon fluxes at a variety of scales. Eucalypt foliage spectra were obtained over a range of species and locations in southern New South Wales, covering a significant productivity and climatic gradient. We applied a spectral decomposition technique, based on multivariate factor analysis, which allows intercorrelations of underlying factors affecting a set of variables to be assessed. A small number of factors capture virtually all of the variation observed in the foliage spectra and each factor contains significant information relating to species and plot variation over the region. Factor analysis indicated that key chlorophyll, nitrogen, protein and water absorption features could be accurately identified across the spectra. In addition, significant correlations existed between factor loadings and environmental data of the region, including mean annual rainfall and a soil fertility index. C1 CSIRO Forestry & Forest Prod, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. CSIRO Forestry & Forest Prod, Kingston, ACT, Australia. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Coops, N (reprint author), CSIRO Forestry & Forest Prod, Private Bag 10, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. EM nicholas.coops@csiro.au RI Coops, Nicholas/J-1543-2012; Ollinger, Scott/N-3380-2014 OI Coops, Nicholas/0000-0002-0151-9037; Ollinger, Scott/0000-0001-6226-1431 NR 58 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0067-1924 J9 AUST J BOT JI Aust. J. Bot. PY 2002 VL 50 IS 5 BP 567 EP 576 DI 10.1071/BT01082 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 599RE UT WOS:000178348300003 ER PT J AU Li, GX Lillehoj, EP Lillehoj, HS AF Li, GX Lillehoj, EP Lillehoj, HS TI Interleukin-2 production in SC and TK chickens infected with Eimeria tenella SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE cell-mediated immunity; coccidiosis; cytokine; ELISA ID CELL-GROWTH-FACTOR; ACERVULINA-INDUCED CHANGES; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; NECROSIS-LIKE FACTOR; AVIAN COCCIDIOSIS; IL-2 RECEPTOR; LYMPHOCYTES; INTERFERON; IMMUNITY; GAMMA AB SC and TK inbred chicken strains display differential protective immunity to coccidiosis, SC being more resistant and TK susceptible to disease. In this study, the association between interleukin (IL)-2 and disease phenotype was assessed by cytokine quantification in serum, duodenum, cecum, and spleen cell cultures of SC and TK chickens experimentally infected with Eimeria tenellla. In general, after primary infection, SC and TK strains produced equivalent amounts of IL-2 in all sources examined. However, after secondary infection, SC animals displayed significantly greater IL-2 levels in serum and the duodenum compared with strain TK. IL-2 production after reinfection with Eimeria may be an important factor contributing to the genetic differences in coccidiosis between SC and TK chickens and provides a rational foundation for cytokine-based immunotherapeutic approaches to disease control strategies. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 46 IS 1 BP 2 EP 9 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0002:IPISAT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 569QC UT WOS:000176612600001 PM 11922335 ER PT J AU Miyamoto, T Min, WG Lillehoj, HS AF Miyamoto, T Min, WG Lillehoj, HS TI Lymphocyte proliferation response during Eimeria tenella infection assessed by a new, reliable, nonradioactive colorimetric assay SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE WST-8; lymphocyte proliferation; chickens; IL-2 assay; Eimeria tenella ID CELL-GROWTH-FACTOR; INTESTINAL INTRAEPITHELIAL LYMPHOCYTES; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; TETRAZOLIUM SALT; CHICKENS; COCCIDIOSIS; VIABILITY AB The application of a tetrazolium salt, WST-8, 2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H tetrazolium, monosodium salt to the lymphocyte proliferation assay in the chicken system was evaluated. Proliferation of concanavalin (Con A)-induced splenic lymphocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was evaluated with WST-8 and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Coefficients of correlation (r) between these two reagents were 0.98 and 0.97 in splenic lymphocytes and PBL, respectively. In general, the sensitivity of the WST-8 assay was significantly higher than chat of the MTT assay, and the standard deviations of the WST-8 assay were significantly lower than those of the MTT assay. The WST-8 assay was fast and highly reproducible and provided a good indication of mitogen-induced proliferation of spleen cells induced by Con A. With the use of the WST-8 assay, splenic mitogenic response of chickens infected with Eimeria decreased transiently at 7 days but increased significantly at 10 days after primary infection compared with that of uninfected chickens. Additionally, the measurement of interleukin (IL)-2 production with WST-8 was highly reproducible and showed a significant increase in IL-2 production upon stimulation of Eimeria tenella-immune spleen cells with Con A. After E tenella infection, splenic IL-2 production increased significantly at 7 days post-primary and at 2 days post-secondary infection. The WST-8 assay is fast, simple, and more reproducible and sensitive than the MTT assay. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the WST-8 assay to assess cell-mediated immune response of chickens in normal and disease states. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Min, Wongi/0000-0003-2437-7366 NR 21 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 46 IS 1 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0010:LPRDET]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 569QC UT WOS:000176612600002 PM 11922320 ER PT J AU Perkins, LEL Swayne, DE AF Perkins, LEL Swayne, DE TI Pathogenicity of a Hong Kong-origin H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus for emus, geese, ducks, and pigeons SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE ducks; emus; geese; pigeons; avian influenza; avian influenza virus; immunohistochemistry; pathogenesis ID OSTRICHES STRUTHIO-CAMELUS; A VIRUS; CHICKENS; POULTRY; PNEUMONIA; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; SEALS AB The H5N1 type A influenza viruses that emerged in Hong Kong in 1997 are a unique lineage of type A influenza viruses with the capacity to transmit directly from chickens to humans and produce significant disease and mortality in both of these hosts. The objective of this study was to ascertain the susceptibility Of emus (Drauzaius novaeholandiae), domestic geese (Anser anser domesticus), domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), and pigeons (Columba livia) to intranasal (i.n.) inoculation with the A/chicken/Hong Kong/220/ 97 (H5N1) highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. No mortality occurred,within 10 days postinoculation (DPI) in the four species investigated, and clinical disease, evident as neurologic dysfunction, was observed exclusively in emus and geese. Grossly, pancreatic mottling and splenomegaly were identified in these two species. In addition, the geese had cerebral malacia and thymic and bursal atrophy. Histologically, both the emus and geese developed pancreacitis, meningoencephalitis, and mild myocarditis. Influenza viral antigen was demonstrated in areas with histologic lesions up to 10 DPI in the geese. Virus was reisolated from oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs and from the lung, brain, and kidney of the emus and geese. Moderate splenomegaly was observed grossly in the ducks. Viral infection of the ducks was pneumotropic, as evidenced by mild inflammatory lesions in the respiratory tract and virus reisolation from oropharyngeal swabs and from a lung. Pigeons were resistant to HK/220 infection, lacking gross and histologic lesions, viral antigen, and reisolation of virus. These results imply that emus and geese are susceptible to i.n. inoculation with the HK/220 virus, whereas ducks and pigeons are more resistant. These latter two species probably played a minimal epidemiologic role in the perpetuation of the H5N1 Hong Kong-origin influenza viruses. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Perkins, LEL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 32 TC 154 Z9 163 U1 11 U2 49 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 46 IS 1 BP 53 EP 63 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 569QC UT WOS:000176612600007 PM 11924603 ER PT J AU Suarez, DL Woolcock, PR Bermudez, AJ Senne, DA AF Suarez, DL Woolcock, PR Bermudez, AJ Senne, DA TI Isolation from turkey breeder hens of a reassortant H1N2 influenza virus with swine, human, and avian lineage genes SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE influenza; yolk sac; turkey; chorioallantoic; reassortant; hemagglutination inhibition ID A VIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; PIGS; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK; TRANSMISSION; EVOLUTION; CHICKENS; DISEASE; DUCKS AB Type A influenza viruses can infect a wide range of birds and mammals, but influenza in a particular species is usually considered to be species specific. However, infection of turkeys with swine H1N1 viruses has been documented on several occasions. This report documents the isolation of an H1N2 influenza virus from a turkey breeder flock with a sudden drop in egg production. Sequence analysis of the virus showed that it was a complex reassortant virus with a mix of swine-, human-, and avian-origin influenza genes. A swine influenza virus with a similar gene complement was recently reported from pigs in Indiana. Isolation and identification of the virus required the use of nonconventional diagnostic procedures. The virus was isolated in embryonated chicken eggs by the yolk sac route of inoculation rather than by the typical chorioallantoic sac route. Interpretation of hemagglutination-inhibition test results required the use of turkey rather than chicken red blood cells, and identification of the neuraminidase subtype required the use of alternative reference sera in the neuraminidase-inhibition test. This report provides additional evidence that influenza viruses can cross species and cause a disease outbreak, and diagnosticians must be aware that the variability of influenza viruses can complicate the isolation and characterization of new isolates. C1 SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Fresno Lab, Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab Syst, Fresno, CA 93725 USA. Vet Med Diagnost Lab, Columbia, MO 65205 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 34 TC 57 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 46 IS 1 BP 111 EP 121 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0111:IFTBHO]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 569QC UT WOS:000176612600013 PM 11922322 ER PT J AU Xie, H Newberry, L Clark, FD Huff, WE Huff, GR Balog, JM Rath, NC AF Xie, H Newberry, L Clark, FD Huff, WE Huff, GR Balog, JM Rath, NC TI Changes in serum orvotransferrin levels in chickens with experimentally induced inflammation and diseases SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE inflammation; chicken; ovotransferrin; acute phase protein; enzyme immunoassay ID ACUTE-PHASE PROTEINS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; PLASMA ALPHA-1-ACID GLYCOPROTEIN; BROILER-CHICKENS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GENE-EXPRESSION; OVOTRANSFERRIN; TRANSFERRIN; INFECTION; INDUCTION AB A competitive enzyme immunoassay was developed to measure the changes in serum levels of ovotransferrin (OTF) during inflammation and infectious diseases in chickens. The assay is based on the competition of serum OTT with a fixed concentration of biotin-labeled OTF to bind to a rabbit anti-chicken transferrin antibody immobilized on microtiter wells. After several washing steps, the antibody-bound biotinylated OTF is probed with streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate (HRP) followed by a colorimetric detection of the HRP activity. The relative changes in the optical density of color are plotted against the competing concentrations of OTF with logarithmic regression to generate a standard Curve that is used to determine the concentrations of OTT in unknown samples. Serum had no effect on the measurement of OTF. By this method, the time course changes of serum OTF levels in 4-wk-old male broiler chickens that were subjected to inflammation by croton oil injection were measured. The results showed croton oil-induced inflammation elevated serum OTF levels at 16 hr postinjection. OTT levels reached a peak by 72 hr, remained high through 120 hr, and returned to a basal level of olive oil-injected controls by 240 hr. There were no changes in serum OTF levels at any of the above time points in olive oil-injected control chickens. For studies with poultry diseases, specific-pathogen-free (SPF) male chickens were challenged with known bacterial and viral pathogens, and serum was collected at the height of the infection, i.e., 7 days after the challenge. Compared with uninjected controls, the SPF chickens challenged with Escherichia coli, fowl pox-virus, respiratory enteric orphan virus, infectious bursal disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, or infectious laryngotracheitis virus had higher levels of OTF in serum. Inflammation-induced changes in serum OTF levels were also evident in the changes in the density of a 65-kD band protein corresponding to OTF These results demonstrate that serum OTF may be a nonspecific clinical market of inflammation associated with traumatic or infectious avian diseases. C1 Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Rath, NC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, USDA ARS, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 32 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 46 IS 1 BP 122 EP 131 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0122:CISOLI]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 569QC UT WOS:000176612600014 PM 11922323 ER PT J AU Gast, RK Nasir, MS Jolley, ME Holt, PS Stone, HD AF Gast, RK Nasir, MS Jolley, ME Holt, PS Stone, HD TI Serologic detection of experimental salmonella enteritidis infections in laying hens by fluorescence polarization and enzyme immunoassay SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enteritidis; chickens; antibodies; serology; fluorescence polarization ID ENTERICA SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POULTRY FLOCKS; ANTIBODIES; CHICKENS; EGGS; ELISA AB Detection of infected poultry flocks is essential for controlling eggborne transmission of Salmonella enteritidis to humans. The present study evaluated the detection of antibodies in the sera of experimentally infected chickens by a fluorescence polarization assay with a tracer prepared from the O-polysaccharide of S. enteritidis and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with an S. enteritidis flagellin antigen. In two trials, groups of specific-pathogen-free laying hens were infected orally with either 101 or 101 colony-forming units (CFU) of. enteritidis (phage type 13a) or with 10(8) CFU of Salmonella typhimurium. Serum samples were collected before inoculation and at five subsequent weekly intervals. Both assays successfully detected the majority of hens infected with S. enteritidis at either dose level, but they also identified a substantial number of hens infected with S. typhimurium as seropositive. The fluorescence polarization test detected S. enteritidis infection significantly more often and cross-reacted with sera from hens infected with S. typhimurium significantly less often than the ELISA. The fluorescence polarization assay also offered advantages in terms of speed and methodologic simplicity. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Diachemix Corp, Grayslake, IL 60030 USA. RP Gast, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 46 IS 1 BP 137 EP 142 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0137:SDOESE]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 569QC UT WOS:000176612600016 PM 11922325 ER PT J AU Hiett, KL Cox, NA Stern, NJ AF Hiett, KL Cox, NA Stern, NJ TI Direct polymerase chain reaction detection of Campylobacter spp. in poultry hatchery samples SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; PCR; rapid detection; hatchery ID VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; JEJUNI INFECTION; PCR ASSAY; COLI; CONTAMINATION; CHICKENS; EGGS; BROILERS; WATER; FRESH AB A rapid, sensitive, and specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for the direct detection of Campylobacter in environmental samples from hatcheries. PCR, with a set of primers specific for the Campylobacter flaA short variable region (SVR), detected the presence of Campylobacter in both fluff and eggshell samples; however, a determination of whether the organism was living or dead could not be made. Conventional cultural methods detected no Campylobacter from the same samples. An additional benefit of the direct PCR assay is it allows for the production of a product that can be sequenced to provide further epidemiologic information. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Hiett, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 37 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 46 IS 1 BP 219 EP 223 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0219:DPCRDO]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 569QC UT WOS:000176612600028 PM 11922339 ER PT J AU Kwon, YM Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC AF Kwon, YM Kubena, LF Nisbet, DJ Ricke, SC TI Functional screening of bacterial genome for virulence genes by transposon footprinting SO BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS, PT C SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SIGNATURE-TAGGED MUTAGENESIS; IN-VITRO TRANSPOSITION; INSERTIONAL MUTAGENESIS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; IDENTIFICATION; MARINER; AMPLIFICATION; SELECTION; SEQUENCE; HIMAR1 C1 Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Kwon, YM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2002 VL 358 BP 141 EP 152 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BV73G UT WOS:000179914700010 PM 12474384 ER PT J AU Saunders, SC Chen, JQ Drummer, TD Crow, TR Brosofske, KD Gustafson, EJ AF Saunders, SC Chen, JQ Drummer, TD Crow, TR Brosofske, KD Gustafson, EJ TI The patch mosaic and ecological decomposition across spatial scales in a managed landscape of northern Wisconsin, USA SO BASIC AND APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE decomposition; scale; landscape function; microclimate ID LITTER DECOMPOSITION; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; WAVELET ANALYSIS; LIGNIN CONTROL; LEAF LITTER; RATES; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE; QUALITY AB Understanding landscape organization across scales is vital for determining the impacts of management and retaining structurally and functionally diverse ecosystems. We studied the relationships of a functional variable, decomposition, to microclimatic, vegetative and structural features at multiple scales in two distinct landscapes of northern Wisconsin, USA. We hoped to elucidate any characteristic resolutions of structure-process relationships on these landscapes, and to determine the validity of extrapolation of structure-process associations across scales and management regimes. We used a combination of ANOVA, wavelet, canonical discriminant, and correlation analyses and asked specifically whether: I) specific combinations of microclimatic, structural, and vegetative features were consistently associated with differences in decomposition among management zones along transects (i.e., within landscapes), and 2) factors influencing decomposition were consistent among resolutions of analysis and depths within and between landscapes. Decomposition was greater on the pine barrens than the small block transect and greater at 4 cm depth than at the surface for both landscapes. Significant differences in decomposition occurred among management patches for both transects and depths, except 4 cm along the pine barrens. In general decomposition was faster for patch types with greater overstory cover at I cm (both transects) and lower at 4 cm (small block). Canonical discriminant analysis also separated management patches by overstory cover for both transects, Secondary vectors also separated patches along both transects by microclimate, independent from overstory effects on those variables. Dominant resolutions in the patterns of decomposition differed between transects and depths: 80 m (pine barrens, 1 cm), 500 m (pine barrens 4 cm); 160 m (small block, I cm); and 750 m (small block, 4 cm). At the 1 cm. depth, the strongest correlations of wavelet transforms of decomposition with structural, microclimatic, and vegetation variables often differed in resolution from those dominant in the decomposition patterns. At the 4 cm. depths, many of the strongest correlations Occurred at the maximum resolutions examined. Although many important correlates differed between transects and depths within a transect, there were sonic consistencies. On both transects, surface and soil temperatures were strongly correlated (\r\ > 0.40) with decomposition; soil temperatures were stronger correlates along the small block. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MI USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Coll Environm & Life Sci, Dept Nat Resources Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Saunders, SC (reprint author), 8932 Duran St, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 NR 62 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1439-1791 J9 BASIC APPL ECOL JI Basic Appl. Ecol. PY 2002 VL 3 IS 1 BP 49 EP 64 DI 10.1078/1439-1791-00084 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 526TV UT WOS:000174146500006 ER PT B AU Gulya, TJ AF Gulya, TJ GP BCPC TI Efficacy of single and two-way fungicide seed treatments for the control of metalaxyl-resistant strains of Plasmopara halstedii (sunflower downy mildew) SO BCPC CONFERENCE - PESTS & DISEASES 2002, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT BCPC International Conference on Pests and Diseases CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL Brighton, ENGLAND SP British Crop Protect Council AB Control of the metalaxyl resistant strain of Plasmopara halstedii (causal agent of sunflower downy mildew) was studied in greenhouse and field experiments over a three-year period. Of 30 fungicides investigated, only azoxystrobin and fenamidone showed good efficacy as seed treatments for control of systemic symptoms initiated by root infection. Four fungicides displaying lesser disease control (ethaboxam, fluazinam, mancozeb, and zoximide) were tested as co-fungicides with azoxystrobin and fenamidone. None of the fungicides, either used alone or in combination, gave complete control under natural or inoculated field conditions, in contrast to the total control previously experienced with metalaxyl. Disease incidence on all fungicide treatments increased from 2 wk to 7 wk after emergence, suggesting that the fungicide/rates tested were more fungistatic than fungicidal. Fenamidone was the most effective fungicide used singly, and fenamidone combined with either ethaboxam or zoximide was the most effective combination. Greenhouse tests of fungicide seed treatments were not effective at predicting field response of the best treatments, despite several modifications. The greenhouse tests, however, were satisfactory to identify ineffective fungicides. None of the three fungicides likely to be registered as sunflower seed treatments in the United States, namely azoxystrobin, fenamidone, and zoximide, displayed any potential phytotoxicity or seed safety concerns in preliminary laboratory and field emergence tests, intended to run for two years. C1 USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Sunflower Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Gulya, TJ (reprint author), USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Sunflower Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU BRITISH CROP PROTECTION COUNCIL PI FARNHAM PA 49 DOWNING ST, FARNHAM GU9 7PH, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 1-901396-62-2 PY 2002 BP 575 EP 580 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA BAB83 UT WOS:000221504800080 ER PT J AU Vander Meer, RK Alonso, LE AF Vander Meer, RK Alonso, LE TI Queen primer pheromone affects conspecific fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) aggression SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE queen; aggression; execution; polygyny; nestmate recognition; newly mated queen; fire ant; Solenopsis invicta; Formicidae ID NESTMATE RECOGNITION CUES; KIN RECOGNITION; CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; SOCIAL INSECTS; IRIDOMYRMEX-PURPUREUS; POLYGYNOUS COLONIES; CATAGLYPHIS-NIGER; BUREN HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; NUMBER AB Monogyne fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, colony workers are territorial and are aggressive toward members of other fire ant colonies. In contrast, polygyne colony workers are not aggressive toward non-nestmates, presumably due to broader exposure to heritable and environmentally derived nestmate recognition cues (broad template). Workers from both monogyne and polygyne fire ant colonies execute newly mated queens after mating flights. We discovered that monogyne and polygyne queens have a remarkable effect on conspecific recognition. After removal of their colony queen, monogyne worker aggression toward non-nestmate conspecifics quickly drops to merely investigative levels however, heterospecific recognition/aggression remains high. Queenless monogyne or polygyne worker groups were also not aggressive toward newly mated queens. Queenless worker groups of both forms that adopted a monogyne-derived newly mated queen became aggressive toward non-nestmate workers and newly mated queens. We propose that the powerful effect of fire ant queens on conspecific nestmate recognition is caused by a queen-produced recognition primer pheromone that increases the sensitivity of workers to subtle quantitative differences in nestmate recognition cues. This primer pheromone prevents the adoption of newly mated queens (regulation of reproductive competition) in S. invicta and when absent allows queenless workers to adopt a new queen readily. This extraordinary discovery has broad implications regarding monogyne and polygyne colony and population dynamics. C1 ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Conservat Int, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Vander Meer, RK (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM bobvm@ufl.edu NR 63 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 EI 1432-0762 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 51 IS 2 BP 122 EP 130 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 516NH UT WOS:000173559000002 ER PT S AU Cissel, JH Mayo, JH Garman, SL Swanson, FJ AF Cissel, JH Mayo, JH Garman, SL Swanson, FJ BE Parker, S Hummel, SS TI Application of landscape objectives to stand-level silviculture: Blue River, Oregon SO BEYOND 2001: SILVICULTURAL ODYSSEY TO SUSTAINING TERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Silviculture Workshop CY MAY 06-10, 2001 CL HOOD RIVER, OR SP Mt Hood Natl Forest, Gifford Pinchot Natl Forest, Pacific NW Res Stn DE late-successional habitat; landscape plan; disturbance regimes; adaptive management; silvicultural regimes; simulation modeling AB Managers and scientists associated with the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest and the Central Cascades Adaptive Management Area have worked together for the last decade to develop and refine approaches to landscape management based on interpretations of historical fire regimes. A large-scale effort is now underway in the Blue River watershed (western Cascade Range of Oregon) to implement, monitor and model this approach, and to apply the lessons learned through adaptive management. A landscape management plan for the watershed includes guidelines for the frequency, intensity and spatial pattern of timber harvest that approximate the frequency, severity, and spatial pattern of historical fire in the watershed. These guidelines provide broad parameters for stand-level prescriptions. Three silvicultural regimes were defined: a long rotation (260 years) even-aged management approach, a long rotation (180 years) two-aged management approach, and an uneven-aged management approach. Simulation modeling and field experiments were used to develop stand-level prescriptions. Results from extensive stand growth modeling using the PNWGAP model, an ecological process-based gap model, were used to evaluate a wide range of intermediate treatments in terms of late-successional live and dead wood components and merchantable wood production. Selected prescriptions are in various stages of application to the ground. A network of permanent plots has been established in each of the three silvicultural regimes to monitor stand growth, mortality, composition, and structure. Nearby young stand field studies provide additional data concerning the effects of alternative thinning regimes. Practical experience developing and implementing prescriptions for the landscape management plan have resulted in adjustments to silvicultural prescriptions in an early phase of adaptive management. C1 US Forest Serv, Williamette Natl Forest, USDA, Eugene, OR 97440 USA. RP Cissel, JH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Williamette Natl Forest, USDA, 211 E 7th Ave, Eugene, OR 97440 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2002 VL 546 BP 21 EP 31 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BV67P UT WOS:000179730900003 ER PT S AU Reutebuch, SE Harrington, CA DeBell, DS Marshall, DD Curtis, RO AF Reutebuch, SE Harrington, CA DeBell, DS Marshall, DD Curtis, RO BE Parker, S Hummel, SS TI Silvicultural options for multipurpose management of west-side pacific northwest forests SO BEYOND 2001: SILVICULTURAL ODYSSEY TO SUSTAINING TERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Silviculture Workshop CY MAY 06-10, 2001 CL HOOD RIVER, OR SP Mt Hood Natl Forest, Gifford Pinchot Natl Forest, Pacific NW Res Stn DE silviculture; multiple use; silvicultural systems; forest management; precommercial thinning; variable density thinning AB The Westside Silvicultural Options Team of the Pacific Northwest Research Station has established an array of long-term research studies to develop and assess a wide range of silvicultural options. In this paper, we review three large-scale studies that focus on three major stages in the life of managed stands-early development (precommercial thinning), midrotation (commercial thinning), and regeneration harvest. These studies will provide information about stand development that will be useful in managing for wood production, wildlife habitat, and other forest resource values in large portions of the Pacific Northwest west-side forests. All three studies measure the response of both overstory trees and understory plant species. Additionally, several other aspects of concern to forest managers, such as coarse woody debris, residual stand damage, soil disturbance, economics, and public acceptance of treatments, are investigated. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Reutebuch, SE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2002 VL 546 BP 38 EP 46 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BV67P UT WOS:000179730900005 ER PT S AU Johnson, M AF Johnson, M BE Parker, S Hummel, SS TI Combining social and ecological needs on federal lands: A global perspective SO BEYOND 2001: SILVICULTURAL ODYSSEY TO SUSTAINING TERRESTRIAL AND AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT National Silviculture Workshop CY MAY 06-10, 2001 CL HOOD RIVER, OR SP Mt Hood Natl Forest, Gifford Pinchot Natl Forest, Pacific NW Res Stn DE ecosystems; natural resource management; sustainability; global demand; consumption AB For the past few centuries the human elements of Earth's ecosystems have not been in steady state; growth has far exceeded loss. That growth has consumed ever-increasing amounts of land, water, energy, crops, wood, and biodiversity. Sustainable forestry cannot stop at the forest border; it must encompass the human enterprise as well. Increasing global consumption, along with the easy transportation and global marketplace that has developed over the last 50-plus years causes demand on forest resources to be felt throughout the world. Increasing affluence in the United States and other developed parts of the world leads to high rates of individual consumption. In the past four decades, substantial areas of federal forest-land have been "set-aside" through reservations for uses and values other than wood removal. The decline in harvest on federal lands has led to an ecological change in these forests. Inventories have built up to high, often unsustainable levels. Developing economically feasible and socially acceptable silvicultural techniques to restore healthy forest ecosystems, through removal of smaller, understory trees, is the major challenge we face in nearly 17 million hectares of federal forests. Actions are needed to supply the world's need for renewable forest resources. If applied judiciously to federal lands, these actions can make for healthy, sustainable forests. Providing ecological diversity, producing more wood, using more wood (instead of nonrenewable resources), and application of scientific knowledge to forest management, are essential components of federal forest management. To be successful in improving the ecological health on a global basis, we must look at each decision in a global context. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, SW Reg, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, SW Reg, 333 Broadway SE, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2002 VL 546 BP 104 EP 108 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BV67P UT WOS:000179730900013 ER PT S AU Yokoyama, WH Knuckles, BE Wood, D Inglett, GE AF Yokoyama, WH Knuckles, BE Wood, D Inglett, GE BE Lee, TC Ho, CT TI Food processing reduces size of soluble cereal beta-glucan polymers without loss of cholesterol-reducing properties SO BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN FOODS: EFFECTS OF PROCESSING AND STORAGE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Effects of Processing and Storage on Bioactive Compounds CY MAR 26-30, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; BARLEY; (1->3)(1->4)-BETA-D-GLUCAN; OAT; (1->3),(1->4)-BETA-D-GLUCAN; FRACTIONS; FIBER AB Grinding and shear degrade cereal beta-glucans but cooking and starch hydrolysis increase the extractability and availability of the polysaccharide to interact with digesta in the intestinal lumen. Cereal beta-glucans in oat and barley are easily degraded by grain milling machinery and endogenous beta-glucanases as shown by size exclusion chromatographic separation of soluble polysaccharides and molecular weight and size characterization by multiple angle laser light scattering. Cooking in water or alkaline solutions extracts beta-glucans found mainly in the cell walls of oat and barley grains. Shear generated by stirring or pumping is shown to degrade beta-glucans. Animal studies demonstrate that beta-glucans that have been reduced in mass by an order of magnitude are still able to reduce plasma cholesterol. Moreover, molecular mass of beta-glucans from the stomach and intestine of animals are even lower than the size reduced fiber from processing. These results suggest that overall food processing improves the activity of beta-glucans by increasing availability and that polymer molecular mass, while reduced, is still effective in plasma cholesterol reduction. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Yokoyama, WH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3765-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2002 VL 816 BP 105 EP 116 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BV81A UT WOS:000180109800008 ER PT S AU Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA Rooney, LW AF Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA Rooney, LW BE Lee, TC Ho, CT TI Effect of nixtamalization on fumonisin-contaminated corn for production of tortillas SO BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN FOODS: EFFECTS OF PROCESSING AND STORAGE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Effects of Processing and Storage on Bioactive Compounds CY MAR 26-30, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID FREE SPHINGOID BASES; ALKALINE COOKING; B-1; HYDROLYSIS; MAIZE; TEMPERATURE; MYCOTOXINS; STARCH; AP(1); DIETS AB Fumonisins, mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticilliodes (Sacc.) Niremberg (synonym F. monififorme Sheldon) and Fusarium proliferatum, are found in corn worldwide. Low levels of fumonisins can occur in corn products destined for human consumption. Studies were undertaken to determine the fate of fumonisins during nixtamalization (alkaline cooking), using normal-appearing corn that was naturally contaminated with fumonisin B-1 at 8.8 ppm. Samples from each stage of processing were analyzed to determine how much fumonisin remained in finished products. The majority of the fumonisin (76%) was present, primarily as hydrolyzed fumonisin B-1 in the steep water and wash water. Tortillas contained approximately 0.50 ppm fumonisin 13, plus 0.36 ppm hydrolyzed fumonisin B-1, representing 18.5% of the fumonisin B, detected in the raw corn. Nixtamalization appears to be a means for significantly reducing the amount of fumonisin in corn. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Cereal Qual Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Dombrink-Kurtzman, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3765-4 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2002 VL 816 BP 206 EP 217 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA BV81A UT WOS:000180109800015 ER PT B AU Erhan, SZ Adhvaryu, A AF Erhan, SZ Adhvaryu, A BE Erhan, SZ Perez, JM TI Vegetable oil-based base stocks SO BIOBASED INDUSTRIAL FLUIDS AND LUBRICANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Oil-Chemists-Society CY MAY, 2001 CL MI SP Amer Oil Chemists Soc ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; QUANTITATIVE NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDATIVE STABILITY; BIODEGRADABLE LUBRICANTS; FATS C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 508 S 6TH ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 USA BN 1-893997-30-8 PY 2002 BP 1 EP 19 PG 19 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA BV47A UT WOS:000179071700001 ER PT B AU Hwang, HS Erhan, SZ AF Hwang, HS Erhan, SZ BE Erhan, SZ Perez, JM TI Lubricant base stocks from modified soybean oil SO BIOBASED INDUSTRIAL FLUIDS AND LUBRICANTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Oil-Chemists-Society CY MAY, 2001 CL MI SP Amer Oil Chemists Soc ID VEGETABLE-OILS; BIODEGRADABLE LUBRICANTS; POINTS C1 USDA ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hwang, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 508 S 6TH ST, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61820 USA BN 1-893997-30-8 PY 2002 BP 20 EP 34 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA BV47A UT WOS:000179071700002 ER PT J AU Fletcher, JC AF Fletcher, JC TI Coordination of cell proliferation and cell fate decisions in the angiosperm shoot apical meristem SO BIOESSAYS LA English DT Review ID MAIZE HOMEOBOX GENE; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; DIVISION PATTERNS; VEGETATIVE SHOOT; LEAF DEVELOPMENT; CLONAL ANALYSIS AB A unique feature of flowering plants is their ability to produce organs continuously, for hundreds of years in some species, from actively growing tips called apical meristems. All plants possess at least one form of apical meristem, whose cells are functionally analogous to animal stem cells because they can generate specialized organs and tissues. The shoot apical meristem of angiosperm plants acts as a continuous source of pluripotent stem cells, whose descendents become incorporated into organ primordia and acquire different fates. Recent studies are unveiling some of the molecular pathways that specify stem cell fate in the center of the shoot apical meristem, that confer organ founder cell fate on the periphery, and that connect meristem patterning elements with events at the cellular level. The results are providing important insights into the mechanisms through which shoot apical meristems integrate cell fate decisions with cellular proliferation and global regulation of growth and development. Published 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.(dagger). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Plant & Microbial Biol Dept, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Fletcher, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Plant & Microbial Biol Dept, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 118 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0265-9247 J9 BIOESSAYS JI Bioessays PD JAN PY 2002 VL 24 IS 1 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1002/bies.10020 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 507WR UT WOS:000173054700007 PM 11782948 ER PT J AU Tibbot, BK Wong, DWS Robertson, GH AF Tibbot, BK Wong, DWS Robertson, GH TI Studies on the C-terminal region of barley alpha-amylase 1 with emphasis on raw starch-binding SO BIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Symposium on the Alpha-Amylase Family CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 2001 CL SMOLENICE CASTLE, SLOVAKIA DE amylase; barley; carbohydrate binding; cyclodextrin; Pichia pastoris; raw starch; recombinant protein ID SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; DOMAIN; GLUCOAMYLASE; EVOLUTION; ALPHA-AMYLASE-1; YEAST; SITE; CLASSIFICATION AB The mature form of barley seed, low-pI alpha-amylase (AMY1) is a polypeptide 414 amino acids in length and possesses a catalytic site and a non-catalytic raw starch-binding (SB) site. In our previous work, a truncated AMY1 cDNA encoding the C-terminal region (134 aa) comprising domain C and part of domain A, but excluding the SB site Trp278-Trp279, was expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein rSB134 bound to cyclohepta-amylose (CHA)-Sepharose and was eluted with free CHA. This work indicated that a second non-catalytic SB site is located in the C-terminal region and binds in the absence of the first SB site and N-terminal region. A shorter truncation rSB62 comprising domain C did not bind, suggesting that domain C alone cannot bind starch and that a portion of domain A is required. In the current study, analysis of a human serum albumin (HSA)-SB fusion rSB68 expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris further suggests that domain C alone cannot bind starch. We also investigated the role of the conserved amino acids VWEK near the C-terminal end of AMYL Truncated and site-directed mutant forms of rAMY1 expressed in P. pastoris had greatly reduced activity, suggesting that the conserved region is required. This region likely plays a role in structural stability. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Wong, DWS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM bkt@pw.usda.gov NR 38 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU VERSITA PI WARSAW PA SOLIPSKA 14A-1, 02-482 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0006-3088 J9 BIOLOGIA JI Biologia PY 2002 VL 57 SU 11 BP 229 EP 238 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 635HY UT WOS:000180394500027 ER PT B AU Dawson-Hughes, B AF Dawson-Hughes, B BE Holick, MF TI Impact of vitamin D and calcium on bone and mineral metabolism in older adults SO BIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF LIGHT 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Arnold Riki Symposium on the Biologic Effects of Light CY JUN 16-18, 2001 CL BOSTON, MA SP Sci Advisory Comm ID D SUPPLEMENTATION; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; D INSUFFICIENCY; INTESTINAL RESPONSIVENESS; ELDERLY WOMEN; HUMAN-SKIN; AGE; MEN; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; ABSORPTION C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA BN 0-7923-7669-2 PY 2002 BP 175 EP 183 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Medicine, General & Internal SC Biophysics; General & Internal Medicine GA BU72C UT WOS:000176835300018 ER PT J AU Yokoi, K AF Yokoi, K TI Colorimetric determination of chloride in biological samples by using mercuric nitrate and diphenylcarbazone SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chloride ion; determination; mercuric nitrate; diphenylcarbazone; colorimetry; plasma; serum; urine; human; rat ID INORGANIC ANIONS; DRAINAGE; PRESSURE; SODIUM; SERUM; WATER; RATS AB A colorimetic method is outlined for the determination of the chloride ion in biological samples (blood serum, plasma, and urine). The present method is based on the quantitative reduction of free mercuric ions by chloride ions. Chloride ions form an indissociable complex with mercuric ions. The remaining free mercuric ions Form a purple complex with diphenylcarbazone with an absorption maximum at 550 nm. The reduction of color intensity at 550 nm is directly proportional to chloride concentration in the sample. The linear concentration range in the final reaction mixture was 0-100 muM with a correlation coefficient of -0.9997. The coefficient of variation for the 50 muM chloride ion in the final reaction mixture was 0.9% (n = 6). The analyzed value of chloride concentration in the human control serum Accutrol(TM) Normal (Sigma) was 101+/-4 mM (mean+/-SD, n = 12). The certified value of chloride in Accutrol Normal by Sigma is 102 mM, with a mean in the range 91-113 mM. This method was applied to the measurement of urinary chloride excretion in experimental rats. During 16-h urine collection, no food was given and rats had free access to purified water. The urinary excretion rate of chloride was 23.6+/-9.3 mumol/h (mean+/-SD, n = 8) and 126.2+/-28.0 mumol/h (n = 8) for rats fed a normal diet (2.6 g NaCl/kg diet) and a high-salt diet (82.6 NaCl/kg diet) for 70 d prior to urine collection, respectively. This method is appropriate for low concentrations of chloride in samples or when sample volume is limiting, as in many animal studies such as metabolic urine collection from rats. C1 ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Yokoi, K (reprint author), Seitoku Univ, Dept Human Life & Culture, Chiba, Japan. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 85 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1385/BTER:85:1:87 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 525VA UT WOS:000174093700008 PM 11881802 ER PT J AU Stell, S Ford, JJ Niaz, MS Diehl, JR Archibong, AE AF Stell, S Ford, JJ Niaz, MS Diehl, JR Archibong, AE TI The effect of porcine oviductal fluid on in vitro development to blastocyst stage by homologous and heterologous embryos. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Meharry Med Coll, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Anim & Vet Sci, Clemson, SC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2002 VL 66 SU 1 MA 131 BP 151 EP 151 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 568UD UT WOS:000176561900191 ER PT J AU Block, J Chase, CC Hansen, PJ AF Block, J Chase, CC Hansen, PJ TI Importance of maternal versus paternal contributions for resistance of bovine preimplantation embryos to heat shock. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL USA. RI block, jeremy/B-2836-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2002 VL 66 SU 1 MA 138 BP 154 EP 154 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 568UD UT WOS:000176561900198 ER PT J AU Jenkins, SA Richards, MP Porter, TE AF Jenkins, SA Richards, MP Porter, TE TI Activation of adrenal corticosterone secretion in the chicken embryo and its effects on the growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2002 VL 66 SU 1 MA 142 BP 155 EP 156 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 568UD UT WOS:000176561900202 ER PT J AU Guthrie, HD Welch, GR Cooper, BS AF Guthrie, HD Welch, GR Cooper, BS TI Effects of cryopreservation and cooling on plasma membrane lipid disorder and integrity in boar spermatozoa. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 ARS, Germplasm & Gamet Physiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2002 VL 66 SU 1 MA 176 BP 169 EP 169 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 568UD UT WOS:000176561900235 ER PT J AU Valley, JL Christenson, RK AF Valley, JL Christenson, RK TI Mifepristone (ru486) treatment on day 2 decreases uterine protein secretion and conceptus diameters on day 11 of pregnancy in swine. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2002 VL 66 SU 1 MA 324 BP 229 EP 229 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 568UD UT WOS:000176561900383 ER PT J AU Yang, WS Diehl, JR Yerle, M Ford, JJ Christenson, RK Roudebush, WE Plummer, WE AF Yang, WS Diehl, JR Yerle, M Ford, JJ Christenson, RK Roudebush, WE Plummer, WE TI Organization and chromosomal location of porcine platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFr) gene and temporal expression of pafr and estrogen receptor alpha(ER) genes in pig reproductive tissues. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Clemson, SC USA. INRA, Lab Genet Cellulaire, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Reprod Biol Associates, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Anim Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2002 VL 66 SU 1 MA 363 BP 245 EP 245 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 568UD UT WOS:000176561900422 ER PT J AU Tilli, MT Hruska, KS Frech, MS Korach, KS Lubahn, DB Flaws, JA Furth, PA AF Tilli, MT Hruska, KS Frech, MS Korach, KS Lubahn, DB Flaws, JA Furth, PA TI Characterization of transgenic mice with conditional over-expression of estrogen receptor alpha and rescue of reproductive phenotype of estrogen receptor a knockout mice. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maryland, Grad Program Human Genet, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Georgetown Univ, Vincent T Lombardi Canc Res Ctr, Washington, DC USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, ANRI, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIEHS, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Child Hlth, Columbia, MO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2002 VL 66 SU 1 MA 367 BP 247 EP 247 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 568UD UT WOS:000176561900426 ER PT J AU Long, EL Sonstegard, TS Long, JA Zuelke, KA AF Long, EL Sonstegard, TS Long, JA Zuelke, KA TI Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) in turkey sperm storage tubules. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2002 VL 66 SU 1 MA 384 BP 253 EP 254 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 568UD UT WOS:000176561900442 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Song, JH Vallet, JL Rohrer, GA Christenson, RK AF Kim, JG Song, JH Vallet, JL Rohrer, GA Christenson, RK TI Endometrial expression and chromosomal location of the porcine bone morphogenic protein receptor-IB (BMPR-IB) gene. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2002 VL 66 SU 1 MA 445 BP 278 EP 278 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 568UD UT WOS:000176561900504 ER PT J AU Gaddam, DR Diehl, JR Ford, JJ Rathje, TA AF Gaddam, DR Diehl, JR Ford, JJ Rathje, TA TI Effect of photoperiod on platelet-activating factor concentration in boar spermatozoa. SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Anim & Vet Sci, Clemson, SC USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. Danbred USA LLC, Seward, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2002 VL 66 SU 1 MA 529 BP 312 EP 313 PG 2 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 568UD UT WOS:000176561900588 ER PT J AU Hashimoto, K Wong, WW Thomas, AJ Uvena-Celebrezze, J Huston-Pressley, L Amini, SB Catalano, PM AF Hashimoto, K Wong, WW Thomas, AJ Uvena-Celebrezze, J Huston-Pressley, L Amini, SB Catalano, PM TI Estimation of neonatal body composition: Isotope dilution versus total-body electrical conductivity SO BIOLOGY OF THE NEONATE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Maternal-Fetal-Medicine CY JAN 31-FEB 05, 2000 CL MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA SP Soc Maternal Fetal Med DE neonatal body composition; body fat; total body water; isotope dilution; total-body electrical conductivity ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; FAT-FREE MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ADULT LIFE; WATER; INFANTS; HYDROGEN; SALIVA; BIRTH; O-18 AB The objective of the study is to evaluate neonatal body composition determined by the isotope dilution method compared with the total-body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) method. An oral dose of O-18- and H-2-labeled water was given to 40 healthy term newborns, and 26 infants successfully completed the protocol. The isotope concentrations in urine samples were measured by gas-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Fat and percent body fat (%F) estimated by isotope dilution were correlated with fat and %F estimated. Total body water measured by isotope dilution of O-18 and H-2 was 2.44 +/- 0.36 and 2.49 +/- 0.35 kg, respectively (p < 0.001). Fat and %F estimated by O-18, H-2, and TOBEC were 0.48 +/- 0.20 kg and 13.7 +/- 5.1%, 0.48 +/- 0.19 kg and 13.7 +/- 4.6%, and 0.38 +/- 0.21 kg and 10.9 +/- 5.0%, respectively. Neither fat nor %F estimates by isotope dilution showed good correlation with the TOBEC estimates (r = 0.22-0.57). Because of the wide variation of water content in individuals, the isotope dilution method may not be the optimal way of assessing body composition, and specifically body fat, in newborns. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Metrohlth Med Ctr, Dept Reprod Biol, Cleveland, OH 44109 USA. USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Catalano, PM (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Metrohlth Med Ctr, Dept Reprod Biol, 2500 MetroHlth Dr, Cleveland, OH 44109 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R0-1 HD-22965] NR 34 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0006-3126 J9 BIOL NEONATE JI Biol. Neonate PY 2002 VL 81 IS 3 BP 170 EP 175 DI 10.1159/000051530 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 546DA UT WOS:000175255600005 PM 11937722 ER PT J AU Xu, JY Tseng, Y Carriere, CJ Wirtz, D AF Xu, JY Tseng, Y Carriere, CJ Wirtz, D TI Microheterogeneity and microrheology of wheat gliadin suspensions studied by multiple-particle tracking SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ACTIN-FILAMENT NETWORKS; DIFFUSING WAVE SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BREAD-MAKING QUALITY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; ALPHA-ACTININ; PROTEINS; DYNAMICS; GLUTENIN; FLOUR AB By monitoring the thermally driven displacements of imbedded polystyrene microspheres via video fluorescence microscopy, we quantified the microstructural and micromechanical heterogeneities of wheat gliadin suspensions. We found that the degree of heterogeneity of the suspensions, as measured by the width and skewness of the microspheres' mean squared displacement (MSD) distribution, increased dramatically over a narrow range of gliadin concentrations. The ensemble-averaged MSD of a 250 mg/mL gliadin suspension exhibited a power-law behavior scaling linearly with time, a behavior similar to that observed for a homogeneous aqueous glycerol solution. However, the MSD distribution was wider and more asymmetric than for glycerol. With increasing concentration of gliadin, the ensemble-averaged MSD rapidly displayed a plateau at small time scales, the MSD distribution became wider and more asymmetric, and the local viscoelastic moduli extracted from multiple-particle-tracking measurements showed an increasingly wide range. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Grad Program Mol Biophys, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Wirtz, D (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Grad Program Mol Biophys, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM wirtz@jhu.edu RI Wirtz, Denis/A-3257-2010 NR 41 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 3 IS 1 BP 92 EP 99 DI 10.1021/bm015586b PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 528RJ UT WOS:000174256500013 PM 11866560 ER PT J AU Augustus, GDPS Jayabalan, M Seiler, GJ AF Augustus, GDPS Jayabalan, M Seiler, GJ TI Evaluation and bioinduction of energy components of Jatropha curcas SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE fatty acid; gross heat value; growth regulators; oil; hydrocarbon; polyphenol ID RUBBER-PRODUCING CROPS; PLANT; ACID AB Jatropha curcas is a multipurpose species with many attributes and considerable potential. The oil from the seeds is potentially the most valuable end product. Nearly 40% of the land area in India is wasteland. However, a large number of latex bearing and oil yielding plants can grow under such unfavorable agroclimatic conditions. J curcas, a Euphorbiaceae grows well under such adverse climatic conditions because of its low moisture demands, fertility requirements, and tolerance to high temperatures. The seed contains 19.0% oil, 4.7% polyphenol, and 3.9% hydrocarbon. This semi-drying oil could be an efficient substitute for diesel fuel. The gross heat value for the seed (0% moisture content) was 4980.3 cal/g (20.85 MJ/kg), oil was 9036.1 cal/g (37.83 MJ/kg), and hydrocarbon was 9704.4 cal/g (40.63 MJ/kg). The oil fraction consists of both saturated fatty acids, palmitic acid (14.1%), stearic acid (6.7%) and unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid (47.0%), and linoleic acid (31.6%). Treatment of plants with growth regulators significantly influenced the production of hydrocarbons. Among the treatments, ethephon and morphactin induced the maximum production of hydrocarbon with 5.0% and 5.4%, respectively. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. VHNSN, Res Ctr Bot, Virudunagar 626001, India. RP Seiler, GJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 17 TC 68 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2002 VL 23 IS 3 BP 161 EP 164 AR PII S0961-9534(02)00044-2 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00044-2 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 582RC UT WOS:000177364100001 ER PT J AU Augustus, GDPS Jayabalan, M Rajarathinam, K Ray, AK Seiler, GJ AF Augustus, GDPS Jayabalan, M Rajarathinam, K Ray, AK Seiler, GJ TI Potential hydrocarbon producing species of Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India SO BIOMASS & BIOENERGY LA English DT Article DE cis-polyisoprene; trans-polyisoprene; hydrocarbon ID RUBBER-PRODUCING CROPS AB The decline in the world supplies of hydrocarbons has lead to the search for alternate sources of fuel and chemicals. Plant species are potential sources of hydrocarbons. Large-scale screening of plants growing in the Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India was conducted to assess the hydrocarbon production and the type of isoprene compound(s) present. Three species contained more than 3% hydrocarbon. Sarcostemma brevistigma had the highest concentration of hydrocarbon with 3.6%. Seven species contained more than 2% of hydrocarbons among the plant species screened. The hydrocarbon fraction of Ficus elastica (leaf) had a gross heat value of 9834 cal/g (41.17 MJ/kg), which is close to the caloric value of fuel oil. Six hydrocarbon fractions contained gross heat values of more than 9000 cal/g (37.68 MJ/kg). Of the 13 species hydrocarbon fraction analysed, seven species contained cis-polyisoprene compounds, while two species contained trans-polyisoprenes. Cis and trans polyisoprenes are potential alternative energy sources for fuel and/or as industrial raw materials. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Sunflower Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Sardar Patel Univ, Dept Chem, Anand, Gujarat, India. VHNSN, Res Ctr Bot, Virudunagar 626001, India. RP Seiler, GJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Sunflower Res Unit, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0961-9534 J9 BIOMASS BIOENERG JI Biomass Bioenerg. PY 2002 VL 23 IS 3 BP 165 EP 169 AR PII S0961-9534(02)00045-4 DI 10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00045-4 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 582RC UT WOS:000177364100002 ER PT J AU Driscoll, CT Lawrence, GB Bulger, AJ Butler, TJ Cronan, CS Eagar, C Lambert, KF Likens, GE Stoddard, JL Weathers, KC AF Driscoll, CT Lawrence, GB Bulger, AJ Butler, TJ Cronan, CS Eagar, C Lambert, KF Likens, GE Stoddard, JL Weathers, KC TI Acid deposition explains sugar maple decline in the east - Response from Driscoll and colleagues SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. US Geol Survey, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Cornell Univ, Ctr Environm, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Biol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Hubbard Brook Res Fdn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. US EPA, Corvallis Environm Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Driscoll, CT (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. RI Driscoll, Charles/F-9832-2014 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 2002 VL 52 IS 1 BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 514TG UT WOS:000173456700004 ER PT J AU Lefsky, MA Cohen, WB Parker, GG Harding, DJ AF Lefsky, MA Cohen, WB Parker, GG Harding, DJ TI Lidar remote sensing for ecosystem studies SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LASER SCANNER DATA; LEAF-AREA INDEX; AIRBORNE LIDAR; ALTIMETER MEASUREMENTS; LIGHT TRANSMITTANCE; DECIDUOUS FORESTS; CANOPY STRUCTURE; HEIGHT PROFILES; BASAL AREA; VEGETATION C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Lab Applicat Remote Sensing Ecol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab,Pacific NW Res Stn, Lab Applicat Remote Sensing Ecol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lefsky, MA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM lefsky@fsl.orst.edu RI Lefsky, Michael/A-7224-2009; Harding, David/F-5913-2012; OI Parker, Geoffrey/0000-0001-7055-6491 NR 68 TC 744 Z9 778 U1 48 U2 319 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 2002 VL 52 IS 1 BP 19 EP 30 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0019:LRSFES]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 514TG UT WOS:000173456700009 ER PT S AU Scott, GM Akhtar, M Swaney, RE Houtman, CJ AF Scott, GM Akhtar, M Swaney, RE Houtman, CJ BE Viikari, L Lantto, R TI Recent developments in biopulping technology at Madison, WI SO BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY: 8TH ICBPPI SE PROGRESS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Biotechnology in the Pulp and Paper Industry CY JUN 04-08, 2001 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP European Union, 5th Framework Programme, Qual Life & Management Living Resource, European COST Org, Acad Finland, TAPPI, Finnish Forest Ind Assoc, AB Enzymes Finland, Genencor, Hercules, Iogen, Novozymes AB Biopulping is defined as the treatment of wood or other lignocellulosics with a "natural" lignin-degrading fungus prior to pulping. Research consortia made up of the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) in Madison and the Universities of Wisconsin and Minnesota have evaluated biopulping from a small laboratory scale to a 50-ton semi-commercial scale over the past 12 years. The investigations were supported in part by 23 pulp and paper and related companies and the Energy Center of Wisconsin. The State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry has also joined as a partner in this research. The research established that biopulping substantially lowers the electrical energy required for mechanical pulping (or increases mill throughput), improves certain strength properties (reducing the need to augment with chemical pulps), and reduces environmental impact. Biopulping also reduces the pitch content of the pulp. At a pilot scale, we have developed methods for decontamination of wood chips, cooling, and fungal inoculation sequentially in screw conveyers, and controlling temperature and moisture throughout the chip pile. Mill-scale refining of fungus-treated chips gave results similar to those obtained using the laboratory-scale bioreactors. With this information, a complete process flowsheet has been established for the commercial operation of the process. Based on the electrical energy savings and the strength improvements, the process economics looks very attractive. Several independent economic evaluations of biopulping have now been completed by both university and industry economists and engineers and are in agreement. Based on energy savings and reduction in kraft pulp in the final product, substantial savings can be realized. The additional benefits of increased throughput, and reduced pitch content and environmental impact improve the economic picture for this technology even further. C1 SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Paper Sci & Engn, Syracuse, NY 13224 USA. BioPulping Int Inc, Madison, WI 53713 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Scott, GM (reprint author), SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Fac Paper Sci & Engn, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13224 USA. NR 7 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-0423 BN 0-444-51078-8 J9 PROGR BIOTECHNOL JI Prog. Biotechnol. PY 2002 VL 21 BP 61 EP 71 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science GA BV31L UT WOS:000178572100007 ER PT J AU Medina, MB AF Medina, MB TI Biosensor studies of the binding of extracellular matrix components with immobilized Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and inhibition by polysulfated polysaccharides SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE collagen; ECM; E. coli O157 : H7; polysulfated polysaccharides; SPR biosensor ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; FIBRONECTIN; LAMININ; ADHESIN AB Binding interactions of immobilized E. coli O157:H7 with collagen I, fibronectin, laminin and glucoaminoglycans were studied utilizing a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. A model system was developed to evaluate the inhibition of collagen-laminin binding on the E. coli sensor surface with polysulfated polysaccharides such as heparan sulfate and carrageenans. Results showed that carrageenans inhibited 71-99% while heparan sulfate inhibited 39-41% of collagen/laminin binding to E. coli sensor surface. These studies allowed a rapid assessment of compounds for carcass treatment to inhibit or detach pathogens from meat and poultry. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Medina, MB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 24 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1023/A:1013871329099 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 514BU UT WOS:000173417200014 ER PT J AU Bannantine, JP Stabel, JR AF Bannantine, John P. Stabel, Judith R. TI Killing of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis within macrophages SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Background: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) is a facultative intracellular pathogen that resides within host macrophages during infection of ruminant animals. We examined survival of M. paratuberculosis infections within cultured macrophages to better understand the interplay between bacterium and host. Results: Serial plating of M. paratuberculosis infected macrophage lysates on Herold's egg yolk medium showed that mycobacterial replication takes place between 0 and 24 hours post-infection. This initial growth phase was followed by a steady decline in viability over the next six days. Antibodies against M. paratuberculosis were affinity purified and used in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy to track the development of intracellular bacilli. Immunogold labeling of infected macrophages with antibody against M. paratuberculosis showed degraded intracellular mycobacteria that were unrecognizable by morphology alone. Conversely, when macrophages were heavily infected with M. paratuberculosis, no degraded forms were observed and macrophages were killed. Conclusions: We present a general description of M. paratuberculosis survival within cultured macrophages using transmission electron microscopy and viability counts. The results of this study provides further insight surrounding M. paratuberculosis-macrophage infections and have implications in the pathogenesis of M. paratuberculosis, a pathogen known to persist inside cattle for many years. C1 [Bannantine, John P.; Stabel, Judith R.] USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Bannantine, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM jbannant@nadc.ars.usda.gov; jstabel@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 42 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PY 2002 VL 2 AR 2 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-2-2 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA V21TW UT WOS:000208230900002 PM 11860602 ER PT J AU Bearson, SMD Albrecht, JA Gunsalus, RP AF Bearson, Shawn M. D. Albrecht, Jeffrey A. Gunsalus, Robert P. TI Oxygen and nitrate-dependent regulation of dmsABC operon expression in Escherichia coli: sites for Fnr and NarL protein interactions SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Background: Escherichia coli can respire anaerobically using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) as the terminal electron acceptor for anaerobic energy generation. Expression of the dmsABC genes that encode the membrane-associated DMSO/TMAO reductase is positively regulated during anaerobic conditions by the Fnr protein and negatively regulated by the NarL protein when nitrate is present. Results: The regions of dmsA regulatory DNA required for Fnr and NarL interactions in response to anaerobiosis and nitrate, respectively, were examined. Mutations within the Fnr site that deviated from the wild type sequence, TTGATaccgAACAA, or that removed an entire half-site, either impaired or abolished the anaerobic activation of dmsA-lacZ expression. The region for phosphorylated NarL (NarL-phosphate) binding at the dmsA promoter was identified by DNase I and hydroxyl radical footprinting methods. A large 97 bp region that overlaps the Fnr and RNA polymerase recognition sites was protected by NarL-phosphate but not by the non-phosphorylated form of NarL. Hydroxyl radical footprinting analysis confirmed the NarL-phosphate DNase I protections of both dmsA strands and revealed 8-9 protected sites of 3-5 bp occurring at ten bp intervals that are offset by 3 bp in the 3' direction. Conclusion: These findings suggest that multiple molecules of phosphorylated NarL bind along one face of the DNA and may interfere with Fnr and/or RNA polymerase interactions at the dmsA regulatory region. The interplay of these transcription factors insures a hierarchical expression of the dmsABC genes when respiration of the preferred electron acceptors, oxygen and nitrate, is not possible. C1 [Bearson, Shawn M. D.; Albrecht, Jeffrey A.; Gunsalus, Robert P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Mol Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bearson, Shawn M. D.; Albrecht, Jeffrey A.; Gunsalus, Robert P.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bearson, Shawn M. D.] USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. [Albrecht, Jeffrey A.] Natl Inst Genet, Westwood, CA 90095 USA. RP Gunsalus, RP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Mol Genet, 1602 Mol Sci Bldg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM sbearson@nadc.ars.usda.gov; jalbrecht@ngi.com; robg@microbio.ucla.edu FU Public Health Service [GM49694, AI21678]; National Research Service Award [F32 GM19730] FX This study was supported in part by the Public Health Service grants GM49694 and AI21678 to RPG and a National Research Service Award F32 GM19730 to SMDB. We thank Paul McNicholas for helpful suggestions and comments. NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PY 2002 VL 2 AR 13 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-2-13 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA V21TW UT WOS:000208230900013 PM 12079504 ER PT B AU Hunt, CD AF Hunt, CD BE Goldbach, HE Rerkasem, B Wimmer, MA Brown, PH Thellier, M Bell, RW TI Boron-binding-biomolecules: a key to understanding the beneficial physiologic effects of dietary boron from prokaryotes to humans SO BORON IN PLANT AND ANIMAL NUTRITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on All Aspects of Animal and Plant Boron Nutrition CY JUL 23-27, 2001 CL UNIV BONN, BONN, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Sgemein, Borax Europe, Univ Bonn, Agr Fac HO UNIV BONN ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; BORIC-ACID; BORATE; PLANTS; SPECTROSCOPY; ANTIBIOTICS; INHIBITION; COMPLEXES; CHEMISTRY; PROTEASE C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Hunt, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47243-0 PY 2002 BP 21 EP 36 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BU72B UT WOS:000176834600003 ER PT B AU Nielsen, FH AF Nielsen, FH BE Goldbach, HE Rerkasem, B Wimmer, MA Brown, PH Thellier, M Bell, RW TI The nutritional importance and pharmacological potential of boron for higher animals and human SO BORON IN PLANT AND ANIMAL NUTRITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on All Aspects of Animal and Plant Boron Nutrition CY JUL 23-27, 2001 CL UNIV BONN, BONN, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Sgemein, Borax Europe, Univ Bonn, Agr Fac HO UNIV BONN ID XENOPUS-LAEVIS; BONE STRENGTH; BORIC-ACID; IN-VITRO; DEFICIENCY; DIETARY; SUPPLEMENTATION; RATS; REPRODUCTION; TESTOSTERONE C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Nielsen, FH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-47243-0 PY 2002 BP 37 EP 49 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA BU72B UT WOS:000176834600004 ER PT J AU Evans, JJ Wiedenmayer, AA Klesius, PH AF Evans, JJ Wiedenmayer, AA Klesius, PH TI A transport system for the maintenance of viability of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Streptococcus iniae, and S. agalactiae over varying time periods SO BULLETIN OF THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF FISH PATHOLOGISTS LA English DT Article ID FISH AB We evaluated the utility of Bacti-Swab(TM) NPG Modified Stuart's medium (Remel) in maintaining viable Gram negative (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus) and Gram positive bacteria (Streptococcus iniae and S. agalactiae) for up to 10 days. In the first experiment, qualitative assessment of the viability of S. iniae, S. agalactiae, and A. calcoaceticus swabbed from cultures was determined in vitro. In the second experiment, quantitative assessment of the viability of S. agalactiae was determined from swab cultures following intraperitoneal inoculation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and re-isolation of the bacterium from brain, kidney, and intestine of diseased fish. Transport swab media ampoules were either broken or unbroken for each bacterial species and time period (4, 5, 7, and 10 days) to determine the optimal conditions of transport. Our results indicate that transport swabs with broken media ampoules optimize conditions for the viability of Gram negative bacterial species and unbroken media ampoules optimize conditions for the viability of both Gram positive and negative bacterial species. Under these conditions, bacteria remain viable for 10 days. Media appears to be unnecessary for maintaining bacterial viability particularly for Gram positive bacterial species. Field investigations involving collections of microbial samples should include consideration of sampling methodology, transport time, and target organisms. C1 ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. RP Evans, JJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, 151 Dixon Dr, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU EUR ASSOC FISH PATHOLOGISTS PI ABERDEEN PA C/O DR DAVID BRUNO, MARINE LABORATORY, PO BOX 101, VICTORIA RD, ABERDEEN AB11 9DB, SCOTLAND SN 0108-0288 J9 BULL EUR ASSN FISH P JI Bull. Eur. Assoc. Fish Pathol. PY 2002 VL 22 IS 4 BP 238 EP 246 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 601RU UT WOS:000178462300002 ER PT J AU Pyare, S Smith, WP Nicholls, JV Cook, JA AF Pyare, S Smith, WP Nicholls, JV Cook, JA TI Diets of Northern Flying Squirrels, Glaucomys sabrinus, in southeast Alaska SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE Alaska; diet; lichens; mycophagy; Northern Flying Squirrels; old-growth; Pacific Northwest; truffles ID NORTHEASTERN CALIFORNIA; SPOROCARP PRODUCTION; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; HYPOGEOUS FUNGI; SMALL MAMMALS; FOOD-HABITS; OREGON; RODENTS AB We examined the diet of the Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) during summer and autumn seasons in temperate rain-forest habitat of Southeast Alaska. a region in which the ecology of this species is poorly understood. Truffles, a food item that is commonly consumed by squirrels during snow-free periods outside of Alaska, were present less frequently in squirrel feces than two other food items, epigeous fungi and vegetation, although no food item dominated fecal composition. Truffles were less frequent in fecal samples from mixed-conifer muskeg habitats than from old-growth forest habitats. Overall, we found that squirrels consumed a total of five truffle genera; Elaphomyces and Hymenogaster being the most common. Compared to populations in the western contiguous United States. squirrel populations in Southeast Alaska consumed truffles less frequently and consumed a smaller total number of truffle genera. In addition, samples from individual squirrels in Alaska tended to contain fewer genera than samples from the contiguous United States. Finally, squirrels in Alaska consumed other food items such as vascular vegetation, lichens, and mushrooms more frequently than squirrels in other geographic areas. These patterns suggest that the association between flying squirrels and truffles may be relatively weaker in Southeast Alaska than has been documented elsewhere. Consequently, additional information on life history and ecology of flying squirrels is warranted before forest management guidelines can be developed. C1 Denver Zool Fdn, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Pyare, S (reprint author), Denver Zool Fdn, POB 20377, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. OI Cook, Joseph/0000-0003-3985-0670 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 116 IS 1 BP 98 EP 103 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 628GX UT WOS:000179985900011 ER PT J AU Maier, TJ AF Maier, TJ TI Long-distance movements by female White-footed Mice, Peromyscus leucopus, in extensive mixed-wood forest SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE White-footed Mouse; Peromyscus leucopus; dispersal; distance; mixed-wood forest; movement; Quercus; small mammals; social dynamics; Massachusetts ID SMALL MAMMALS; DEER MOUSE; POPULATION; DISPERSAL; MANICULATUS; ACORNS AB Two adult female White-footed Mice (Peromyscus leucopus) were recovered 14 730 m and 6840 m from where they were originally captured and tagged in central Massachusetts. Similar combinations of factors throughout an extensive forested landscape, including poor acorn (Quercus spp.) crops, high population densities of mice, and the exclusive social behaviour of other female mice, may have been responsible for these long distance movements. C1 Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, USDA, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr,NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Maier, TJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, USDA, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr,NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 116 IS 1 BP 108 EP 111 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 628GX UT WOS:000179985900013 ER PT J AU Wykoff, WR AF Wykoff, WR TI Measuring and modeling surface area of ponderosa pine needles SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Two methods for needle area estimation were compared for Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. Laws. & C. Laws., and models were developed to predict total, projected, and abaxial areas. Areas of needles were determined by using video capture - image analysis procedures (VCIA) and by direct measurement of needle sections. VCIA area estimates were 40-60% less than abaxial areas determined from direct measurements. Allometric models fit to VCIA area and mean needle width (W-v) explained 96% of the variation in measured sample areas; models omitting W-v explained 91% of the variation. Predictions for independently collected validation data were somewhat poorer and slightly biased but had similar residual patterns. Allometric models fit to midneedle width and total needle length explained 99% of the variation in directly measured needle areas, with root mean square error equal to 2% of the mean measured areas. Results were similar for the validation data. For both models, final parameters were estimated from the combined data. It is shown that fascicle areas estimated from predictions for the middle-sized needles are nearly as accurate as estimates based on measurements for entire fascicles. Direct measurement of needles is more portable than VCIA and provides more accurate needle area estimates with less measurement effort. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Wykoff, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 32 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1139/x01-166 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 515XZ UT WOS:000173523100001 ER PT J AU Woeste, KE AF Woeste, KE TI Heartwood production in a 35-year-old black walnut progeny test SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SCOTS PINE AB A 35-year-old black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) progeny test was evaluated for growth and production of heartwood. The test trees, which were open-pollinated progeny of select females in seven states, were planted on a good-quality, uniform site in Wabash County, central Indiana, U.S.A. Increment cores were used to estimate the amount of heartwood at 1.3 m above ground level. There were significant differences among open-pollinated families (alpha = 0.10) for both area of heartwood and percent area of heartwood. Narrow-sense heritability estimates for these traits were moderate (0.40 and 0.27), indicating opportunity for gain from selection. Faster growing trees had more heartwood and a higher percentage of heartwood area in cross section. Genetic correlations indicated that the rate and amount of heartwood formation is closely related to diameter growth. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, USDA Forest Serv,N Cent Res Stn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Woeste, KE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, USDA Forest Serv,N Cent Res Stn, 1159 Forestry Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 32 IS 1 BP 177 EP 181 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 515XZ UT WOS:000173523100020 ER PT J AU Essah, SYC Stoskopf, NC AF Essah, SYC Stoskopf, NC TI Mixture performance of phenotypically contrasting barley cultivars SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE barley; phenotypes; mixture; same row; mixture; alternate-row; maturity; height ID VARIETY MIXTURES AB There is lack of information on the yield and yield component performance of same-row and alternate-row mixtures (SRM and ARM) of widely contrasting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) phenotypes. Therefore, four phenotypically contrasting spring barley cultivars, each selected to represent a unique combination of spike type (two-row or six-row), height (short or tall) and days to maturity (early or late) were used in 1991 and 1992 in field experiments at the Elora Research Station in Ontario, Canada, with the objective of determining whether a yield and/or yield-component advantage could be associated with same-row or alternate-row mixtures of barley cultivars. The four cultivars chosen for the study were each grown as monocrops, and in an six possible binary (two-cultivar) mixture combinations as same-row or alternate-row mixtures, in a randomized complete block design. A 13% yield increase of early, short:late, tall SRM over the midcomponent (weighted mean of the components grown in monocrop) yield in 1991, and 14% yield increase of early, tall:late, tall SRM over the midcomponent yield in 1992 was observed. Between the 2 yr, cultivars in ARM produced similar or significantly greater yields than the monocrop yields, except in 1991, when the late, short cultivar in ARM with early, tall cultivar produced significantly lower yields than in monocrop. The spike number m(-2) was similar for all mixtures and their midcomponents, except in 1992, when early, short:late, short in ARM produced 7.0% more spikes than the midcomponent. The results of this study indicate a possible yield advantage of phenotypically contrasting barley mixtures compared to monocrops, with early, short:late,tall and early, tall:late, tall in same-row mixtures having the best combining abilities. C1 Univ Maine, Soil & Water Lab, Agr Res Serv, United States Dept Agr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Essah, SYC (reprint author), Univ Maine, Soil & Water Lab, Agr Res Serv, United States Dept Agr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 11 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA STE 1112, 141 LAURIER AVE WEST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5J3, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 522KW UT WOS:000173896000001 ER PT J AU Clarke, JM Norvell, WA Clarke, FR Buckley, WT AF Clarke, JM Norvell, WA Clarke, FR Buckley, WT TI Concentration of cadmium and other elements in the grain of near-isogenic durum lines SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Triticum turgidum L. var durum; grain cadmium concentration; grain yield ID WHEAT-GRAIN; ZINC; IMPROVEMENT; CULTIVARS; SUNFLOWER; CEREALS; PLANTS AB Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) shows genetic variation for concentration of the heavy metal cadmium in the grain. This variation is being exploited to develop cultivars with low cadmium concentration, but there is no information on the effect of incorporation of the trait on uptake of other elements or on economic traits such as yield. Five pairs of near-isogenic high/low cadmium durum wheat lines and their parents were grown in a randomized complete block trial with three replications. Trials were grown at Swift Current, Saskatchewan in 1994, at Swift Current, Stewart Valley and Regina, Saskatchewan in 1995 and 1996, at Langdon and Fargo, North Dakota in 1995, and at Casselton and Langdon, North Dakota in 1996. Grain yield, test weight, kernel weight and protein concentration were determined. Grain cadmium, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel and zinc were measured by atomic absorption or inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. The low cadmium trait had no significant effect on average yield, grain protein concentration, test weight, or kernel weight as indicated by comparison of the high and low cadmium isolines. Average grain cadmium concentration differed among years within locations, among locations within years, and among genotypes. The average grain cadmium concentration of the high cadmium isolines was approximately double that of the low cadmium isolines. There were significant genotypic differences in grain concentration of the other elements, but the differences were not associated with the high and low cadmium isogenic lines. The low cadmium allele seems to be specific for cadmium, lowering cadmium without altering concentrations of other elements or affecting economic traits. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Semiarid Prairie Agr Res Ctr, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Brandon Res Ctr, Brandon, MB R7A 5Y3, Canada. RP Clarke, JM (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Semiarid Prairie Agr Res Ctr, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada. NR 26 TC 40 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 7 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA STE 1112, 141 LAURIER AVE WEST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5J3, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 BP 27 EP 33 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 522KW UT WOS:000173896000005 ER PT J AU Tworkoski, TJ Glenn, DM Puterka, GJ AF Tworkoski, TJ Glenn, DM Puterka, GJ TI Response of bean to applications of hydrophobic mineral particles SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Phaseolus vulgaris; crop protection; photosynthesis; dry weight distribution; kaolin ID FILMS AB Tworkoski, T. J., Glenn, D. A and Puterka, G. J. 2002. Response of bean to applications of hydrophobic mineral particles. Can. J. Plant Sci. 82: 217-219. Foliar applications of hydrophobic mineral particles can protect plants from some insects, but plant response to particle applications is not known. Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants were grown for 8 wk in a greenhouse and the shoots were sprayed weekly with small-diameter hydrophobic mineral particles. Photosynthesis was similar in particle-treated and control bean plants over a photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) range from 0 to 1548 mumol m(-2) s(-1). The shoot-to-root dry weight ratio was 56% greater and pod weight was 20% lower in particle-treated plants than control plants, suggesting that particle films may alter dry weight partitioning of plants. In bean, particle residues of 2.71 mg cm(-2) leaf area altered plant development without affecting photosynthesis. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Tworkoski, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA STE 1112, 141 LAURIER AVE WEST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5J3, CANADA SN 0008-4220 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 BP 217 EP 219 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 522KW UT WOS:000173896000038 ER PT J AU Voss, KA Howard, PC Riley, RT Sharma, RP Bucci, TJ Lorentzen, RJ AF Voss, KA Howard, PC Riley, RT Sharma, RP Bucci, TJ Lorentzen, RJ TI Carcinogenicity and mechanism of action of fumonisin B-1: a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme (= F-verticillioides) SO CANCER DETECTION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE fumonisin B-1; Fusarium moniliforme (= F verticillioides); carcinogenicity; sphingolipids; tumor necrosis factor alpha ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; HUMAN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; RISK ASSESSMENT; APOPTOSIS; TOXICITY; LIVER; MICE; SPHINGOLIPIDS; CHINA AB Fumonisins are fungal metabolites and suspected human carcinogens. They inhibit ceramide synthase in vitro, enhance tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) production, and cause apoptosis. Fumonisin B-1 (FB1) was fed to rats and mice for 2 years or, in separate studies, given to rats or mice for up to 4 weeks. Kidney tubule adenomas and carcinomas were found in male rats fed greater than or equal to50 ppm, whereas liver adenomas and carcinomas were found in female mice fed greater than or equal to50 ppm for 2 years. In the short-term studies, increases in tissue concentration of the ceramide synthase substrate sphinganine (Sa) and the Sa to sphingosine (So) ratio were correlated with apoptosis. Further, hepatotoxicity was ameliorated in mice lacking either the TNFR1 or the TNFR2 TN-Falpha receptors. Thus, FB1 was carcinogenic to rodents and the findings support the hypothesis that disrupted sphingolipid metabolism and TNFalpha play important roles in its mode of action. (C) 2002 International Society for Preventive Oncology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. US FDA, Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Expt Pathol Associates, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. RP Voss, KA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 49 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-090X J9 CANCER DETECT PREV JI Cancer Detect. Prev. PY 2002 VL 26 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 AR PII S0361-090X(02)00011-9 DI 10.1016/S0361-090X(02)00011-9 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 617QU UT WOS:000179373000001 PM 12088196 ER PT J AU Mercado, JE Terranova, E Wunderle, JM AF Mercado, JE Terranova, E Wunderle, JM TI Avian mobbing of the Puerto Rican boa (Epicrates inornatus) SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, Palmer, PR 00721 USA. RP Wunderle, JM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, POB 490, Palmer, PR 00721 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PUERTO RICO 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 126 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 560FL UT WOS:000176072000012 ER PT J AU Helmer, EH Ramos, O Lopez, TD Quinones, M Diaz, W AF Helmer, EH Ramos, O Lopez, TD Quinones, M Diaz, W TI Mapping the forest type and land cover of Puerto Rico, a component of the Caribbean biodiversity hotspot SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL SECONDARY FOREST; THEMATIC MAPPER DATA; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; CLASSIFICATION; VEGETATION; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPE; RECOVERY; REGION; MODEL AB The Caribbean is one of the world's centers of biodiversity and endemism. As in similar regions, many of its islands have complex topography, climate and soils, and ecological zones change over small areas. A segmented, supervised classification approach using Landsat TM imagery enabled us to develop the most detailed island-wide map of Puerto Rico's extremely complex natural vegetation cover. Many Caribbean forest formations that are not spectrally distinct had distributions approximately separable using climatic zone, geology, elevation, and rainfall. Classification accuracy of 26 land cover and woody vegetation classes was 71 % overall and 83 % after combining forest successional stages within image mapping zones. In 1991-92, Puerto Rico had about 364,000 ha of closed forest, which covered 41.6 % of the main island. Unlike previous island-wide mapping, this map better identifies the spatial distributions of forest formations where certain groups of endemic species occur. Approximately 5 % of Puerto Rico's forest area is under protection, but the reserve system grossly underrepresents lowland moist, seasonal evergreen forests. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Helmer, EH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, POB 25000, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. NR 50 TC 101 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 15 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PUERTO RICO 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2002 VL 38 IS 3-4 BP 165 EP 183 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 623BT UT WOS:000179683900001 ER PT J AU Talbot, NC Caperna, TJ Wells, KD AF Talbot, NC Caperna, TJ Wells, KD TI The PICM-19 cell line as an in vitro model of liver bile ductules: Effects of cAMP inducers, biopeptides and pH SO CELLS TISSUES ORGANS LA English DT Article DE bile duct; liver; stem cells; cell culture; pig ID MEDIATED MECHANISM; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RAT-LIVER; SECRETION; CHOLANGIOCYTES; CHOLESTASIS; CULTURE; ULTRASTRUCTURE; NEUROPEPTIDE; CHANNELS AB The PICM-19 fetal liver cell line was isolated from the primary culture and spontaneous differentiation of pig epiblast cells, i.e. embryonic stem cells. PICM-19 cells were induced to differentiate into mostly ductular formations by culturing at pH 7.6-7.8. The ductules were functionally assayed by treatment with cAMP inducing agents and bioactive peptides reported to influence the secretory activity of liver bile ductules. The secretory response of the cells was assessed by qualitative or quantitative measurement of the cross-sectional area of the ductal lumens and the appearance of biliary canaliculi in between PICM-19 cells that had formed monolayers instead of ducts. Forskolin (10 muM and 8-bromoadenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (bcAMP; 2 mH stimulated fluid transport and expansion of ductal structures in 1520 min and stimulated the appearance and expansion of biliary canaliculi in 30-60 min. Cholera toxin (50 ng/ml) stimulates fluid transport in both ductules and canaliculi in 1-2 h, while 8-bromoguanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (bcGMP; 2 mH stimulated only biliary canaliculi in 2 h. Glucagon (1.4 nM) produced a similar response in 5-10 min in ductal structures only, but the response was transitory and was almost completely reversed within 30 min. Secretin (100 pM) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (75 pM) produced a sustained response with maximal ductal lumen expansion occurring in 5-10 min and neither had an immediate effect on canaliculi. Somatostatin (0.5 pM) and gastrin (1 AM) caused marked reduction or disappearance of ductal lumens in 30-60 min, but was ineffective in reversing secretin (100 nU-induced duct distension. Application of the adrenergic agonists, epinephrine, isoproterenol, and phenylephrine (100 muM), resulted in the complete shrinkage of ductal lumens in 20-30 min. A shift to pH 7.0-7.2 resulted in almost complete reduction of ductal lumens, while a shift to pH 7.8-8.0 resulted in expansion, although not full expansion, of the ductal lumens. PICM-19 bile duct cultures were positive for cytokeratin-7, aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-9 by Western blot analysis. The amounts of these proteins increased in the cultures as differentiation proceeded over time. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the ductal structures were usually sandwiched between SIM mouse, thioguanine- and ouabain-resistant (STO) feeder cells that had produced a collagen matrix. Also, the ductular PICM-19 cells possessed cilia, probably occurring as a single cilium in each cell, that projected into the lumens of the ducts. The results indicated that the in vitro-produced ductal structures of the PICM19 cell line are a functional model for biliary epithelium. C1 USDA ARS, ANRI, GEML, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Talbot, NC (reprint author), USDA ARS, ANRI, GEML, BARC E, Bldg 200,Rm 13, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-6405 J9 CELLS TISSUES ORGANS JI Cells Tissues Organs PY 2002 VL 171 IS 2-3 BP 99 EP 116 DI 10.1159/000063704 PG 18 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Anatomy & Morphology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 576BM UT WOS:000176983000001 PM 12097833 ER PT J AU Lawton, JW AF Lawton, JW TI Zein: A history of processing and use SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY; PROTEIN-BASED FILMS; DRY-MILLED CORN; BARRIER PROPERTIES; EDIBLE FILMS; COATED PAPER; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLUBLE PROTEINS; TENSILE-STRENGTH; ETHANOL AB Corn is the largest and most important agricultural commodity in America. Zein, one of the components in corn, has long been investigated for uses other than food and feed. Zein is a unique and complex material, and it is one of the few cereal proteins extracted in a relatively pure form. Today, because of environmental concerns, interest in zein utilization is again growing. Some of the more important research on zein is more than 50 years old. Most of this work has been either forgotten, lost, or difficult to locate. Much of this work was done at the USDA laboratory in Peoria, IL. Since most early zein literature is still easily accessible at that laboratory, this review on zein has been prepared making use of this old literature. This review reexamines the old literature and reconciles it with new zein research to illustrate some of the unique properties of and opportunities for zein. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Lawton, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 235 TC 202 Z9 214 U1 6 U2 83 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 79 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2002.79.1.1 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 509CL UT WOS:000173127300001 ER PT J AU Pasikatan, MC Steele, JL Haque, E Spillman, CK Milliken, GA AF Pasikatan, MC Steele, JL Haque, E Spillman, CK Milliken, GA TI Evaluation of a near-infrared reflectance spectrometer as a granulation sensor for first-break ground wheat: Studies with hard red winter wheats SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; TRANSMITTANCE; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA AB A single wheat class or blended wheats from two wheat classes are usually milled in a flour mill. A near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectrometer, previously evaluated as granulation sensor for first-break ground wheat from six wheat classes, was evaluated for a single wheat class, hard red winter (HRW) wheat, using offline methods. The HRW wheats represented seven cultivars ground by an experimental roller mill at five roll gap settings (0.38, 0.51, 0.63, 0.75, and 0.88 nun) which yielded 35 ground wheat samples each for the calibration and validation sets. Granulation models based on partial least squares regression were developed with cumulative mass of size fractions as a reference value. Combinations of four data pretreatments (log 1/R, baseline correction, unit area normalization, and derivatives) and subregions of the 400-1,700 am wavelength range were evaluated. Models that used pathlength correction (unit area normalization) predicted well each of the four size fractions of first-break ground wheat. The best model, unit area normalization and first derivative, predicted all the validation spectra with standard errors of performance of 3.80, 1,29, 0.43, and 0.68 for the >1041, >375, >240, and >136 mum size fractions, respectively. Ground HRW wheats have narrower particle size distribution and better sieving properties than ground wheat from six wheat classes. Thus, HRW wheat granulation models performed better than the previously reported models for six wheat classes. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Stat, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Pasikatan, MC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 79 IS 1 BP 92 EP 97 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2002.79.1.92 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 509CL UT WOS:000173127300013 ER PT J AU Barton, FE Himmelsbach, DS McClung, AM Champagne, EL AF Barton, FE Himmelsbach, DS McClung, AM Champagne, EL TI Two-dimensional vibration spectroscopy of rice quality and cooking SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE ANALYSIS; GRAIN MILLED SAMPLES; COOKED RICE AB Rice samples were taken from a study of rice milling properties that affect quality. The spectra of milled and cooked samples were taken in the near-infrared, mid-infrared, and Raman region. These spectra, two regions at a time, were regressed by a two-dimensional technique to develop contour maps that indicated the correlation of two spectral regions. These relationships demonstrate that it is possible to recognize the hydration effects caused by gelatinization (cooked samples vs. milled rice). Three water (O-H stretch) spectral bands (960, 1445, 1,930 nm) in the near-infrared (NIR) show marked differences between milled and cooked rice. The difference spectra indicated that there were additional phenomena occurring besides the addition of water. These differences are apparent in both C-O-H and N-H bands, which indicate that water is interacting with both starch and protein. The two-dimensional technique developed in this laboratory was used to get a better interpretation of what occurs during cooking. The Raman spectrum, which is relatively insensitive to water (O-H stretch), revealed only changes in protein that could be associated with denaturization. C1 USDA ARS, Res Serv, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. USDA ARS, Res Serv, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Barton, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Res Serv, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 79 IS 1 BP 143 EP 147 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2002.79.1.143 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 509CL UT WOS:000173127300022 ER PT J AU Russo, VM AF Russo, VM TI Protein content in tissues of near iso-genic shrunken2 sweet maize SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE development; physiology ID CORN KERNELS; ANTIFUNGAL; FRACTIONS AB The quantity and distribution of proteins in sweet maize is not well known. Changes in protein levels in tissues can affect physiological processes in maturing plants. This study was conducted to determine how protein levels change in juvenile to the physiologically mature tissues in near isogenic lines of a shrunken2 sweet maize that is susceptible or resistant to Puccinia maydis, the rust disease causal organism. Stalk, leaf, tassel, shank, and ear tissues were separated at the mid-whorl (V10), emerging tassel (VN), expanded tassel (VT), silking (R1), fresh-market maturity (R3), and physiologically mature (R6) stages, and extracted to determine protein levels. Pearson Product Moment correlations were conducted to determine if protein levels in the tissues, at developmental stages, were related. Total protein was similar for susceptible and resistant plants. Kernels had the most protein, immature ears the least, and the other tissues were intermediate. Protein levels for the whole plant was similar through R1, and increased at R3, and again at R6. Correlation patterns were different for susceptible and resistant plants. Protein levels in tissues at earlier developmental stages appear to be related to protein levels in tissues at later stages. C1 USDA, ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159,Hwy 3W, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1-2 BP 209 EP 216 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 559DJ UT WOS:000176009600028 ER PT J AU Zale, JM Steber, CM AF Zale, JM Steber, CM TI Transposon-related sequences in the Triticeae SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE transposons; Triticeae; gene tagging ID ACTIVATOR AC; MAIZE; GRASSES; DOMAIN; TOOL AB The purpose of this work was to determine whether sequences homologous to maize transposable elements exist in wheat and its relatives. Genomic Southern blots of Triticeae members were used to detect copy number of homologues to the major open reading frames of the maize Ac and En transposases, and MudrB, a regulator of transposition. The number of similar sequences was the least with Ac, intermediate with Mu, and the greatest with En. Maize transposons at the nucleotide and amino acid level were used in EST and genomic database searches. Nucleotide identity between maize and wheat was 58% for Ac, 59% for Mu, and 61% for En. Protein homologues were found for Ac and Mu in wheat and barley, and for En in barley. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Zale, JM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Genet Qual Physiol & Dis Res Unit, 209 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3-4 BP 237 EP 244 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 634KW UT WOS:000180339400001 ER PT J AU Livingston, DP Premakumar, R AF Livingston, DP Premakumar, R TI Apoplastic carbohydrates do not account for differences in freezing tolerance of two winter-oat cultivars that have been second phase cold-hardened SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE apoplast; freezing tolerance; second phase cold-hardening; oat; fructan; sucrose; glucose; fructose ID CEREAL CROWNS; LEAVES; RYE; PH AB Concentrations of soluble carbohydrates were compared in crown tissue of two oat (Avena sativa) cultivars which differed in their response to second-phase cold hardening. The apoplastic fluid from plants which had been hardened at above freezing temperatures (first phase cold hardening) contained 2% of the total crown carbohydrate. After one day of exposure to second phase hardening the carbohydrate percentage in the apoplast increased to 15% of total carbohydrates. Apoplastic carbohydrate concentrations in the two cultivars, however, were not significantly different from each other at any time period. An increase in apoplastic sugars may be a ubiquitous mechanism of winter cereals which allows them to survive below freezing temperatures where other mechanisms provide tolerance to more extreme temperatures. C1 USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Livingston, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, 840 Method Rd Unit 3, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM dpl@unity.ncsu.edu NR 15 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AKADEMIAI KIADO RT PI BUDAPEST PA PRIELLE K U 19, PO BOX 245,, H-1117 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 EI 1788-9170 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3-4 BP 375 EP 381 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 634KW UT WOS:000180339400019 ER PT J AU Russo, VM Maness, N AF Russo, VM Maness, N TI Carbohydrates in near-isogenic shrunken2 sweet maize kernels SO CEREAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Zea mays; fresh market maturity; fungal resistance; physiological maturity; carbohydrates ID CORN AB Sweet maize breeding lines are harvested at physiological maturity to provide seed for the next generation. It is important to know how sugar quality and quantity in kernels change as plants obtain physiological maturity so that superior cultivars can be developed. Kernels of isolines of a shrunken2 sweet maize, susceptible and resistant to the causal organism of rust disease, were harvested at the fresh-market and physiological maturity stages and assayed for content of glucose, fructose, sucrose, total sugar, starch and water soluble polysaccharides (WSP). At fresh-market the susceptible iso-line had higher levels of glucose, fructose, total sugar and WSP, while the resistant iso-line had higher levels of sucrose. There was no difference in the amount of starch in kernels. At physiological maturity kernels of the susceptible iso-line had higher levels of each sugar and their totals, but lower levels of starch and WSP than those of the resistant iso-line. Since the iso-lines appear to process sugars differently they can likely be manipulated to better understand how to incorporate desired traits in improved cultivars. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU CEREAL RES INST PI SZEGED PA POB 391, 6701 SZEGED, HUNGARY SN 0133-3720 J9 CEREAL RES COMMUN JI Cereal Res. Commun. PY 2002 VL 30 IS 3-4 BP 411 EP 414 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 634KW UT WOS:000180339400024 ER PT J AU Lu, FC Ralph, J AF Lu, FC Ralph, J TI Preliminary evidence for sinapyl acetate as a lignin monomer in kenaf SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID DFRC METHOD AB 9-Acetylated syringyl 8-8-linked dehydrodimers are degradation products released from kenaf lignins, implicating sinapyl acetate as a lignin precursor. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ralph, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 14 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2002 IS 1 BP 90 EP 91 DI 10.1039/b109876d PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 514XF UT WOS:000173465800041 PM 12120325 ER PT J AU Kester, KM Peterson, SC Hanson, F Jackson, DM Severson, RF AF Kester, KM Peterson, SC Hanson, F Jackson, DM Severson, RF TI The roles of nicotine and natural enemies in determining larval feeding site distributions of Manduca sexta L. and Manduca quinquemaculata (Haworth) on tobacco SO CHEMOECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE feeding behavior; tritrophic interactions; chemoreception; electrophysiology; nicotine; tobacco; Lepidoptera : Sphingidae; Manduca; Manduca sexta; Cotesia congregata ID COTESIA-CONGREGATA SAY; PLANT ALLELOCHEMICALS; FOODPLANT SELECTION; RESISTANT INSECT; HORNWORM; HOST; INDUCTION; HYMENOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA AB Field observations indicated that horn-worms select feeding sites non-randomly on tobacco. We tested the hypotheses that differences in feeding site locations of larvae of Manduca sexta L. and Manduca quinquemaculata (Haworth) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) on tobacco could be explained by differential nicotine concentrations within plants and leaves, species-specific responses to nicotine, or pressure exerted by natural enemies. Results showed that third-instar larvae of M. sexta fed more proximally and centrally on the leaf, whereas M. quinquemaculata fed more distally. Within-plant selection of leaves did not differs both species selected leaves in the middle region of the plant. Nicotine concentrations in a high nicotine genotype, NC95, varied within each leaf, increasing 2-3 fold from the basal to apical portion of the leaf, and within each plant, increasing 7-10 fold from the first fully expanded leaf to the twelfth (lowest) leaf. In laboratory bioassays, both Manduca species responded to nicotine as a feeding deterrent. Electrophysiological studies demonstrated that gustatory organs of both species responded to nicotine at concentrations found in tobacco leaves and that M. quinquemaculata generally showed a less vigorous response to nicotine than M. sexta. Field mortality of M. sexta due to parasitism by Cotesia congregata (Say) and to parasitism and predation combined differed among feeding sites; predation alone did not. Results suggest that although nicotine concentration and species specific responses to nicotine play a role in determining feeding site locations, pressure exerted by natural enemies, especially parasitism by C. congregata, is more important. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Biol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. USDA ARS, Tobacco Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Kester, KM (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, 1000 W Cary St, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 41 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 28 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0937-7409 J9 CHEMOECOLOGY JI Chemoecology PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1007/s00049-002-8320-6 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 539NX UT WOS:000174878300001 ER PT J AU Fales-Williams, AJ Gallup, JM Ramirez-Romero, R Brogden, KA Ackermann, MR AF Fales-Williams, AJ Gallup, JM Ramirez-Romero, R Brogden, KA Ackermann, MR TI Increased anionic peptide distribution and intensity during progression and resolution of bacterial pneumonia SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MANNHEIMIA PASTEURELLA HAEMOLYTICA; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; TRACHEAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; INFLAMMATION; ANTIBIOTICS; INDUCTION; DEFENSINS AB Anionic peptides (APs) are small anionic antimicrobial peptides composed of 7 aspartic acid residues and are produced in the lungs of humans, sheep, and cattle. Although expression by epithelial cells of some antimicrobial peptides (e.g., beta-defensins) of humans and ruminants is increased in response to acute infection, A-P expression is not increased during acute infection, which suggests that the expression of the latter peptide is constitutive. In this study, the degree of AP expression during the progression (acute, subacute, and chronic) of bronchopneumonia was determined. Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica, a known inducer of bovine beta-defensins, was inoculated intrabronchially with a fiber-optic bronchoscope in nine 3-month-old sheep, and tissues were collected at 1, 15, and 45 days postinoculation (p.i.); nine control animals received pyrogen-free saline by the same procedure and were killed at the same time points. In the acute group (1 day p.i.), the lungs had lesions typical of bronchopneumonia and the distribution and intensity of AP immunoreactivity (AP-IR) were similar to those of previous studies (minimal intensity and distribution of AP-IR in bronchiolar epithelial cells). In the subacute group (15 days p.i.), there was prominent hyperplasia of bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells, and the chronic group (45 days p.i.) had yet more pronounced hyperplasia. In the subacute and chronic groups, the intensity and distribution of AP-IR in the cytoplasm of hyperplastic bronchiolar and type II alveolar cells were significantly increased compared to those of saline-inoculated and contralateral (noninoculated) lung lobes. Although AP expression appears constitutive, the constitutive production of AP is higher in hyperplastic, less differentiated cells than in fully differentiated, mature cells of the respiratory airways. The increased intensity and distribution of AP-IR in immature (hyperplastic) epithelial cells may be a mechanism by which production of a noninducible antimicrobial is increased temporarily during lesion progression and repair. This increased production of AP by hyperplastic cells may protect the lung against further infection until new, fully differentiated epithelial cells are capable of expressing their own inducible array of antimicrobial peptides. C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Ackermann, MR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 28 EP 32 DI 10.1128/CDLI.9.1.28-32.2002 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 509VU UT WOS:000173171000004 PM 11777825 ER PT J AU Allen, PC Fetterer, RH AF Allen, PC Fetterer, RH TI Recent advances in biology and immunobiology of Eimeria species and in diagnosis and control of infection with these coccidian parasites of poultry SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID CHICKEN INTERFERON-GAMMA; N-3 FATTY-ACIDS; APICOMPLEXAN PROTOZOAN PARASITE; LIVE ANTICOCCIDIAL VACCINES; NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; NECROSIS-LIKE FACTOR; AVIAN COCCIDIOSIS; TENELLA INFECTIONS; BROILER-CHICKENS; IN-VITRO AB Avian coccidiosis, an intestinal disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria, occurs worldwide. It is considered to be one of the most economically important diseases of domestic poultry. For many years, prophylactic use of anticoccidial feed additives has been the primary means of controlling coccidiosis in the broiler industry and has played a major role in the growth of this industry, which now can produce about 7.6 billion chickens annually. However, development of anticoccidial resistance has threatened the economic stability of the broiler industry. Although there has been little effort by the pharmaceutical industry to develop new anticoccidials, the mounting problem of drug resistance of Eimeria species has prompted major research efforts to seek alternative means of control through increased knowledge of parasite biology, host response, and nutritional modulation. As a consequence, important advancements have been made, particularly in defining parasite antigens that have potential use in vaccines, defining the Eimeria genome, understanding the immunology of coccidial infections, and the practical applications of live vaccines. This review describes the progress in these areas, most of which has occurred within the past 10 to 15 years. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Allen, PC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 115 TC 195 Z9 247 U1 6 U2 56 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 BP 58 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.15.1.58-65.2002 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 512CL UT WOS:000173303500003 PM 11781266 ER PT J AU Burt, R Mays, MD Benham, EC Wilson, MA AF Burt, R Mays, MD Benham, EC Wilson, MA TI Phosphorus characterization and correlation with properties of selected benchmark soils of the United States SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATE SORPTION; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; WEATHERED SOILS; CHEMICAL-MODEL; ADSORPTION; FRACTIONATION; RUNOFF; TRANSFORMATIONS; INCEPTISOLS; PEDOGENESIS AB Twenty-one benchmark soils of the United States, including surface and subsurface horizons and satellites, from the Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) were analyzed for phosphorus (P), using methods that include total (TP), water-soluble (WP), Bray 1 (BP), Mehlich No. 3 (MP), Olsen (OLP), New Zealand P Retention (NZP), organic (OP), anion exchange resin (AEP), and acid oxalate (P-o). Objectives of this study were to determine relationships among soil P test values and other soil properties. Knowledge and understanding of these relationships are important to researchers when evaluating soil P data sets for use in predictive models for agronomic, soil genesis, or environmental purposes. Important relationships that were developed, using simple or multiple linear regression models, among P methods and other soil properties, e.g., organic carbon (OC), total N (TN), dithionite-citrate extractable iron and aluminum (Fe-d, Al-d), and clay are as follows: TP (mg/kg) = 229.02 + 27.76 Al-d (g/kg) + 27.44 OC (g/kg) + 4.14 Fe-d (g/kg), r(2) = 0.89, p < 0.01, n = 263 (all soils) OP (mg/kg) = 114.07 + 38.07 TN (g/kg) - 14.74 pH + 6.94 OC (g/kg), r(2) = 0.80, p < 0.01, n = 262 (all soils) BP (mg/kg) = -1.82 + 1.11 MP (mg/kg), r(2) = 0.96, p < 0.01, n = 268 (all soils) P-o (mg/kg) = 16.02 - 24.27 Al-o (g/kg) + 25.59 Fe-o (g/kg) + 19.33 OC (g/kg)r(2) = 0.79, p < 0.01, n = 203 (non-calcareous) NZP (%) = 16.92 + 1.37 Al-d (g/kg) + 0.28 clay (%), r(2) = 0.91, p < 0.01, n = 203 (non-calcareous). C1 USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soil Survey Lab, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Burt, R (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Soil Survey Lab, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. NR 82 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 13 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 1-2 BP 117 EP 141 DI 10.1081/CSS-120002382 PG 25 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 520EW UT WOS:000173768500010 ER PT J AU Raese, JT AF Raese, JT TI Phosphorus deficiency symptoms in leaves of apple and pear trees as influenced by available soil phosphorus SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATE FERTILIZATION; NITROGEN; GREENHOUSE; PH; PERFORMANCE; SEEDLINGS; ORCHARD AB The relationship between fruit tree condition, leaf phosphorus (P), and available soil-P content has been inadequately addressed as evidenced by different results in various parts of the world. This study attempts to provide additional information on P deficiency symptoms of apple and pear trees and its relation to leaf P and available soil-P content. This study also endeavors to establish and further verify the minimum available soil-P and leaf P concentrations required for healthy apple and pear trees., particularly in the Pacific Northwest. Purplish-red leaf margins indicating high anthocyanin production due to phosphorus (P) deficiency were observed in leaves of apple (Malus domestica) and pear (Pyrus communis) trees that were grown in low-P soils in the greenhouse or in the orchard. In one of the greenhouse apple experiments, as leaf P concentrations increased in 'Delicious' apple leaves from 0.083 to 0.153%, the incidence of purplish-red leaf margins decreased from 95 to 4%, respectively, (r(2) = -0.908). Observations of purple leaf margins from apple and pear trees in Pacific Northwest orchards were less obvious but positive trends were established between available soil P and leaf P. In general, the data suggests that available soil P (NaHCO3 method) and leaf P concentrations should be above 13 ppm and 0.13% P, respectively, for healthy apple and pear trees in the orchard for conditions in the Pacific Northwest. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Raese, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 3-4 BP 461 EP 477 DI 10.1081/CSS-120002757 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 537PD UT WOS:000174766900011 ER PT J AU Rao, SC MacKown, CT Bidlack, JE AF Rao, SC MacKown, CT Bidlack, JE TI Biomass and nitrogen traits of summer pigeon peas and winter wheat grown for three rotations in containers SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SHORT-DURATION PIGEONPEA; CAJANUS-CAJAN; GRAIN-YIELD AB Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] cultivars, 'Georgia-1' and 'ICPL-87', were grown without inoculation and with Bradyrhizobium inoculation (multistrain, TAL 1127, or TAL 1132) to evaluate legume dry weight (DW) and nitrogen (N) content, soil mineral N, and subsequent wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity. Pigeon peas were grown during summer and 'TAM 101' wheat was grown during winter, along with summer fallow controls fertilized with 0, 45, and 90 kg N ha(-1), in 36-cm diam. 20-L pots from 1992 to 1995. Representative pigeon peas were harvested in the fall and remaining plants were incorporated into the soil. Wheat was planted and soil cores were collected at 35 to 48d after pigeon pea harvest. Wheat was harvested the following spring. Factors affecting DW and N content of both crops included length of growing season, environmental variation, and contribution of residual N. Among pigeon pea cultivars, Georgia-1 occasionally demonstrated higher DW and N content compared with ICPL-87. Estimation of N provided by pigeon pea to the last wheat crop in the third sequence of yearly rotations was 30 kg N ha(-1). Pigeon pea treatments demonstrating highest DW, N content, and contribution to soil N generally produced winter wheat with higher yield and N content compared with other treatments. While yield and N content of winter wheat fertilized at 90 kg N ha(-1) either decreased or stayed the same from 1993 to 1995, these same measurements in wheat following pigeon peas demonstrated a 3- to 4-fold increase over the same time period and warrant further research in field rotation systems of the southern Great Plains. C1 Univ Cent Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Edmond, OK 73034 USA. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Bidlack, JE (reprint author), Univ Cent Oklahoma, Dept Biol, Edmond, OK 73034 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 5-6 BP 897 EP 912 DI 10.1081/CSS-120003073 PG 16 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 542BY UT WOS:000175024700017 ER PT J AU Motta, ACV Reeves, DW Touchton, JT AF Motta, ACV Reeves, DW Touchton, JT TI Tillage intensity effects on chemical indicators of soil quality in two coastal plain soils SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID NORFOLK LOAMY SAND; CROPPING SYSTEMS; FERTILITY STATUS; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; CARBON; ROTATION; CORN AB Few experiments in the coastal plain region of the southeastern United States have reported the effect of long-term tillage and tillage intensity on chemical soil quality indicators. The purpose of this study was to determine the 17-year influence of four tillage systems on chemical soil quality indicators in a Benndale fine sandy loam (coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic, Typic Paleudults) and a Lucedale very fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic, Rhodic Paleudults) in the coastal plain region of Alabama. Tillage systems were no-tillage, disk, moldboard plow, and chisel plow under varied double-cropping in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Soil pH, sum of extractable bases, soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) were determined on soil samples collected at depths of 0-2.5, 2.5-7.5, 7.5-15.0, 15.0-22.5, and 22.5-30 cm. Soil carbon (C) accumulation occurred primarily in the top 2.5 cm, varied by soil type, and was inversely proportional to tillage intensity. The coarse textured Benndale soil averaged 27.6, 13.1, 12.7, and 10.4 g C kg(-1) soil with no-tillage, disk, chisel, and moldboard plow management, respectively, in the top 2.5 cm. The finer textured Lucedale soil averaged 16.7, 10.0, 9.8, and 6.9 g C kg(-1) soil, for the same treatments and depth, respectively. Surface applications of lime maintained soil pH at an acceptable level within the plow layer on both soil types and all tillage systems. Extractable P was higher with no-tillage than moldboard plowing to the 22.5 cm depth on the Lucedale soil. On the Benndale soil, P tended to accumulate at the 15 to 22.5 cm depth with tillage systems other than moldboard plowing, and no-tillage had the most extractable P at these depths. Soil C and pH combined proved effective as continuous pedotransfer functions, predicting 73% and 86% of the variation in sum of extractable bases for the Benndale and Lucedale soils, respectively. As determined from chemical indicators of soil quality, adoption of conservation tillage with doublecropping is a sustainable practice for these soils. C1 Univ Fed Parana, BR-80060000 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Dynam Lab, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. RP Motta, ACV (reprint author), Univ Fed Parana, BR-80060000 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. NR 34 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 5-6 BP 913 EP 932 DI 10.1081/CSS-120003074 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 542BY UT WOS:000175024700018 ER PT J AU Kingery, WL Han, FX Shaw, DR Gerard, PD McGregor, KC AF Kingery, WL Han, FX Shaw, DR Gerard, PD McGregor, KC TI Mineralogical and organic carbon content of water-dispersible particles from conventional and no-tillage soils SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT; STRUCTURAL STABILITY; CROPPING HISTORY; POROUS-MEDIA; EROSION; CLAY; RUNOFF; TRANSPORT; SEDIMENT; COLLOIDS AB Soil erosion from agricultural lands causes loss of soil productivity, as well as environmental problems down stream due to sediment and contaminants sorbed on dispersed colloids. In order to estimate the potential effects of erosion and to describe the behavior of various inorganic and organic contaminants in agro-ecosystems, quantitative characterization of soil colloid dispersion is essential. The effect of long-term tillage management (conventional-tillage and no-tillage) on mineralogical and organic carbon content in both field- and laboratory-generated water dispersible particles (WDP) were studied. Field-WDP were collected during rainfall simulation. Laboratory-WDP were obtained by shaking soil for 16 hours (soil to water ratio of 1: 10). Results demonstrate that laboratory- and field-WDP differ in organic carbon content, particle size distribution, and mineralogical concentrations, and are influenced by soil management. Soils under no-tillage produced much larger amounts of laboratory-WDP and smaller amounts of field-WDP than the soils under conventional-tillage. Field-WDP from both no-tillage and conventional-tillage fields were dominated by silt-sized particles, while laboratory-WDP dominated in the clay-sized fraction. Both organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon concentration in field-WDP runoff decreased with time during simulated rainfall events. The laboratory procedure used here for generating water-dispersible particles may not be suitable for studying runoff sediments in the field. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Expt Stat Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Kingery, WL (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM wkingery@pss.msstate.edu NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 5-6 BP 947 EP 961 DI 10.1081/CSS-120003076 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 542BY UT WOS:000175024700020 ER PT J AU Codling, EE Chaney, RL Mulchi, CL AF Codling, EE Chaney, RL Mulchi, CL TI Biomass yield and phosphorus availability to wheat grown on high phosphorus soils amended with phosphate inactivating residues. I. Drinking water treatment residue SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID POULTRY LITTER; ACID SOIL; ALUMINUM; IRON; TOLERANCE AB Use of aluminum (Al)-rich compounds to reduce the solubility of phosphorus (P) in poultry litter and litter amended soils is being used as a method to inactivate (precipitate or adsorb) P in high P soils. Previous studies have shown that Drinking Water Treatment Residue (DWTR) rich in Al significantly lowered soluble P in litter amended soils; however, this could result in P deficiency in crops. A growth chamber experiment was conducted using Matapeake, Evesboro, and Woodstown soils containing Mehlich 3 extractable P levels above 800 mg kg(-1) in order to 1) determine the effects of DWTR soil treatment on plant dry biomass yield (BM), P and manganese (Mn) uptake; and 2) examine pH, extractable P, Mn, and Al concentrations in soils after three cropping cycles with wheat, DWTR was mixed with the soils at rates equal to 0, 10, 25, and 50 g kg(-1) soil, followed by incubation for seven weeks. Three cycles of wheat (Triticum aestivum) were grown in succession. DWTR application significantly reduced plant dry matter yields for Evesboro and Woodstown soils at rates above 10 g kg(-1) DWTR, but not in Matapeake. Plant P concentration progressively reduced with increased rates of DWTR during the three cropping cycles for the three soils. Plant tissue P concentrations appeared above sufficiency levels for wheat for all three soils at 10 g kg(-1) rate of DWTR during the first cropping cycle. At the 25 and 50 g kg(-1) rates, however, tissue P concentrations were either low or deficient for the second and third cycle. Both water soluble and Mehlich 3 extractable P exhibited reductions with increased DWTR application rates and cropping cycle. Significant correlations were found between water soluble, Mehlich 3 extractable P and plant P concentrations for all the soils; however, the r(2) values were generally higher for water soluble P compared to the Mehlich 3 extractable P. Soil pH values typically increased with DWTR application rate, but extractable Al concentrations, measured after each cropping cycle, remained below 2 mg kg(-1) for both the treated and untreated soils. DWTR was capable of reducing water soluble phosphate in these soils without severely impacting soil fertility. C1 USDA ARS, BARC, BARC W, Anim Manure & By Prod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resources & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Codling, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC, BARC W, Anim Manure & By Prod Lab, Bldg 007,Room 015,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Stephen, Jennifer/C-2469-2014 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 7-8 BP 1039 EP 1061 DI 10.1081/CSS-120003872 PG 23 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 559AY UT WOS:000176003100003 ER PT J AU Codling, EE Mulchi, CL Chaney, RL AF Codling, EE Mulchi, CL Chaney, RL TI Biomass yield and phosphorus availability to wheat grown on high phosphorus soils amended with phosphate inactivating residues. II. Iron rich residue SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID POULTRY LITTER; AMENDMENTS; REDUCTION; ALUMINUM AB Reducing the environmental risk from soluble phosphorus (P) in long-term poultry manured fields can involve increased use of chemical soil amendments such as aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), and iron (Fe). Iron salts have been proven effective in removing soluble P from wastewater and have been used to inactivate P in poultry litter and litter-amended soils. The potential for P deficiency in crops grown on Fe treated soils is of concern. A growth chamber experiment was conducted using Matapeake, Evesboro, and Woodstown soils with Mehlich 3 extractable P (M3-P) levels above 800 mg kg(-1) in order to 1) determine the effects of a Fe-rich residue (IRR) on crop biomass yield and on plant P, Mn, and Fe contents, and 2) examine pH, electrical conductivity (EC), P, Mn, and Fe concentrations in soils after three cropping cycles with wheat. IRR was mixed with the soils at rates of 0.10, 25, and 50 g kg(-1) and incubated for seven weeks. Three crops of wheat (Triticum aestivum) were grown in succession. Biomass yield (BM) and tissue P concentrations were significantly reduced with the additions of IRR for all three soils, but the differences were much less at the 10 g kg(-1) application rate than at the 25 and 50 g kg(-1) rates. Biomass yield was 29% lower than the control at the 10 g kg(-1) IRR rate compared to 74% lower at the 50 g kg(-1) rate. Even though tissue P concentrations were reduced, levels were within the range considered sufficient for wheat growth for all treatments. The high Mn and DTPA-Fe in the IRR treatments increased tissue Mn and Fe concentrations, but the levels were below the concentration considered to be toxic to most crops. Water soluble P and M3-P concentrations were lowered with increased IRR application rate for each soil and correlated positively with tissue P for the three soils. DTPA extractable Mn concentrations in soil increased, but Fe concentrations decreased with increased IRR application, for the three soils. IRR treatments initially increased both pH and EC in the three soils, however. reductions in pH and EC values were found with subsequent cropping cycles. Further studies to identify and limit the negative impact of IRR on plant growth are needed before the materials should be considered for field application to sequester soluble P in high P soils. C1 USDA ARS, BARC, BARC W, Anim Manure & By Prod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resources & Landscaping Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Codling, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC, BARC W, Anim Manure & By Prod Lab, Bldg 007,Room 015,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 7-8 BP 1063 EP 1084 DI 10.1081/CSS-120003873 PG 22 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 559AY UT WOS:000176003100004 ER PT J AU Codling, EE Mulchi, CL Chaney, RL AF Codling, EE Mulchi, CL Chaney, RL TI Biomass yield and phosphorus availability to wheat grown on high phosphorus soils amended with phosphate inactivating residues. III. Fluidized bed coal combustion ash SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID BY-PRODUCTS; SOLUBILITY; MANGANESE; IRON AB The high phosphorus (P) soils in the poultry producing areas of Maryland's Eastern Shore pose an environmental risk to surface and ground water. Amendments with calcium (Ca) salts and calcium-rich by products have been considered in management practices for reducing P solubility in soil solution. A growth chamber experiment was conducted using fluidized bed coal ash (BA) at increasing rates on Matapeake, Evesboro, and Woodstown soils that had received poultry litter for over 30 years which increased Mehlich 3-phosphorus (M3-P) to levels above 800 mg kg(-1). The objectives of the study were to 1) determine the effects of BA on plant dry biomass yield (BM), wheat tissue P and Mn levels, and 2) examine pH, extractable P and Mn concentrations in the BA treated soils following three cropping cycles. BA was incorporated into each soil at rates of 0, 10, 25, and 50 g kg(-1) soil followed by incubation for seven weeks. Three crops of "Grandin" wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown in succession. Biomass yield (BM) was significantly reduced with BA additions for the three soils. Plant P concentrations were progressively lowered with increased rates of BA for all BA additions for all three soils. Plant Mn levels were substantially reduced with additions of BA in response to the large increase in pH for all soils. Soil pH values increased from 5.0 +/- 0.2 in the control soils to >10.2 at the 50 g kg(-1) rate, and decreased during cropping cycles. Both water soluble P (WSP) and M3-P concentrations were significantly decreased upon addition of BA in all soils. Although WSP concentrations showed higher correlations with plant P concentration than M3-P levels, in terms of P sequestration in soils, WSP amounts were reduced by an average of 27 mg kg(-1) and 33 mg kg(-1) at addition of 10 g kg(-1) and 50 g kg(-1) while M3-P quantities were reduced by approximately 130 mg kg(-1) and 500 mg kg(-1), respectively, when averaged over soil and cycles. The large increase in soil pH, which reduced P in wheat at the 10 g kg(-1) BA, would suggest that this material may not be suitable for field application to sequester P in high P soils. C1 USDA ARS, BARC, BARC W, Anim Manure & By Prod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resources & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Codling, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC, BARC W, Anim Manure & By Prod Lab, Bldg 007,Room 015,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 7-8 BP 1085 EP 1103 DI 10.1081/CSS-120003874 PG 19 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 559AY UT WOS:000176003100005 ER PT J AU Reed, RL Sanderson, MA Allen, VG Zartman, RE AF Reed, RL Sanderson, MA Allen, VG Zartman, RE TI Cadmium application and pH effects on growth and cadmium accumulation in switchgrass SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SEWAGE-SLUDGE; SOILS; WHEAT; TIME AB Recent efforts have been initiated to develop switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), which requires nitrogen (N) for productivity, as a bioenergy crop. Alternatives to inorganic fertilizers are needed to reduce input costs and maintain a positive energy balance. Municipal sludge may be an economical source of N and other nutrients for biomass production but switchgrass's response to heavy metals in the sludge is unknown. A study was conducted to determine the interaction of soil pH and Cd application on biomass accumulation and Cd allocation of switchgrass. 'Alamo' switchgrass was grown in pots at five soil pH levels (4.0, 5.1, 5.8, 6.6, and 7.3) and four soil Cd levels (0, 50 100, and 200 mg Cd kg(-1)). Two hundred milligrams Cd kg(-1) decreased biomass accumulation of all plant components by 95%. Cadmium concentrations of 900 mg kg(-1) were found in root tissue of plants grown in soil with 200 mg Cd kg(-1) and a pH of 4.0. Soil pH should be maintained near neutral to minimize Cd accumulation by switchgrass. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Agr Res & Extens, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Reed, RL (reprint author), Angelo State Univ, Dept Agr, ASU Stn, Box 10888, San Angelo, TX 76909 USA. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 18 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 7-8 BP 1187 EP 1203 DI 10.1081/CSS-120003881 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 559AY UT WOS:000176003100012 ER PT J AU McDowell, R Sharpley, A AF McDowell, R Sharpley, A TI Availability of residual phosphorus in high phosphorus soils SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID DESORPTION; PHOSPHATE; KINETICS AB Although we know soil phosphorus (P) can rapidly increase when fertilizer or manure is continually applied at rates exceeding crop removal, there is little information on the rate of P release from high P soils as a function of soil type. Surface samples (0-5 cm) were collected from five major soil types in Pennsylvania (Chester silt loam, Conotton loam. Duffield silt loam, Hagerstown silt loam, and Washington loam), covering a wide range in Mehlich-3 extractable P (180-690 mg kg(-1)). There was a soil dependent exponential increase in CaCl2-extractable soil P, which reflects soil solution P movement in subsurface drainage, with increasing Mehlich-3 P concentration. The kinetics of this P release as determined by sequential extraction of soil and iron (Fe)-oxide strips, varied among soils as a function of soil P concentration (R-2 of 0.55-0.64). The decrease in rate of P release with successive soil extractions was less at higher initial soil P concentrations, indicative of diffusion-limited P release. The data of this study suggest that for a given soil type. soil P depletion can be estimated from Mehlich-3 extractable soil P concentration. However, data for a wider range of soils is needed to evaluate the universality and practicality of this predictive approach. C1 AgRes Ltd, Invermay Agr Ctr, Mosgiel, New Zealand. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP McDowell, R (reprint author), AgRes Ltd, Invermay Agr Ctr, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel, New Zealand. OI McDowell, Richard/0000-0003-3911-4825 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 7-8 BP 1235 EP 1246 DI 10.1081/CSS-120003884 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 559AY UT WOS:000176003100015 ER PT J AU Barton, C Karathanasis, T AF Barton, C Karathanasis, T TI A novel method for measurement and characterization of soil macroporosity SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SUBSURFACE ENVIRONMENTS; SATURATED FLOW; IMAGE-ANALYSIS; WATER; TRANSPORT; COLLOIDS; COLUMNS; EARTHWORMS; CHANNELS; MOVEMENT AB Quantitative macropore characterizations were performed in large zero-tension soil lysimeters of a Maury silt loam (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Palcudalf) and a Loradale silt loam (fine, silty, mixed, mesic Typic Argiudoll) soil in an effort to assess potential colloid transport. Steel pipe sections (50 cm diameter x 100 cm length) were hydraulically driven into the soil for lysimeter establishment. A dye tracer was applied into each lysimeter under saturated conditions at eight-hour intervals using 500 mL pulse applications. After one pore volume elution, the center section of the stained lysimeters was removed, dissected, and photographed. Kubiena tins were inserted into the lysimeter's remaining soil at 15 cm intervals. Vertically oriented thin sections were prepared from each tin. Pore area, diameter, and orientation were evaluated from thin sections and photographs using commercial grade scanners and Photoshop(R) software. At an input scanning resolution of 60 pixels per cm, the software program was capable of identifying pores with diameters >160 mum. Thin section analysis provided more detail of smaller sized pores (<1.0 mm), while the cationic nature of the methylene blue dye restricted its presence primarily to the larger macropores. The Loradale soils tended to exhibit increased pore area and pore diameter over that of the Maury in both thin sections and photographs. The Loradale soil also showed a more elaborate and vertically oriented network of pores. Although standard soil physical measurements did not suggest the presence of a restrictive layer in these soils, morphological evidence generated from this methodology suggested otherwise. Colloid leaching experiments performed in separate lysimeters of the same soils in a fashion similar to that used for the dye tracer application showed colloid breakthrough and filtration patterns consistent with the macropore characterization observations obtained through the application of this method. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Karathanasis, T (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, N-122 Ag Sci Bldg, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 7-8 BP 1305 EP 1322 DI 10.1081/CSS-120003889 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 559AY UT WOS:000176003100020 ER PT J AU DeHaan, LR Russelle, MP Sheaffer, CC Ehlke, NJ AF DeHaan, LR Russelle, MP Sheaffer, CC Ehlke, NJ TI Kura clover and birdsfoot trefoil response to soil pH SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID TRIFOLIUM-AMBIGUUM; FIXATION; FORAGE AB Use of the rhizomatous perennial forage legume kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) has been limited by slow establishment. Mature kura clover responds to liming on some acid soils. but the soil pH required for vigorous growth of young plants is unknown. A factorial greenhouse experiment was conducted with two kura clover cultivars (Rhizo and Endura) and one cultivar of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L., Norcen) planted in three soil types (Sartell loamy fine sand, Hubbard loamy sand, and Sanborg clay loam) amended with Ca(OH)(2) to obtain six soil pH levels. The experiment was performed twice, once using soil taken directly from the field and once using steamed soil. Response of kura clover and birdsfoot trefoil to soil pH differed. Maximum yield increases in kura clover obtained by adjusting soil pH from 4.9 to 6.5 were about 50% on nonsteamed soil and more than 150% on steamed soil. Birdsf'oot trefoil did not respond to liming on nonsteamed soil, On steamed soil birdsfoot trefoil response to liming was inconsistent. Optimal soil pH for growth of kura clover and birdsfoot trefoil was generally between pH 6 and 7. Biomass yield was correlated with nodulation in both kura clover and birdsfoot trefoil, but nodulation was correlated with nitrogen uptake only in kura clover, Increased biomass yield of young kura clover plants in response to liming was best explained by alleviation Of aluminum (Al), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) toxicities and increased availability of phosphorus (P) and molybdenum (Mo) at higher soil pH levels. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Russelle, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. OI DeHaan, Lee/0000-0002-6368-5241 NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 9-10 BP 1435 EP 1449 DI 10.1081/CSS-120004292 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 560HV UT WOS:000176077400007 ER PT J AU Alva, AK Hodges, T Boydston, RA Collins, HP AF Alva, AK Hodges, T Boydston, RA Collins, HP TI Effects of irrigation and tillage practices on yield of potato under high production conditions in the Pacific Northwest SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID APPLIED NITROGEN; FERTILIZER; MANAGEMENT; QUALITY AB The soil and climate conditions prevalent in the Pacific Northwest region are favorable for production of high potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yields. Much of this production occurs on coarse, low organic matter, sandy soils which can be subject to wind and water erosion, and excessive leaching of water and soluble agrichemicals below the root zone, particularly when irrigation is not managed adequately. Tuber production and quality are adversely impacted when potatoes are subject to water stress. Therefore, optimal irrigation scheduling is important to support high production of good quality tubers and to minimize potential adverse impacts on water quality. Effects of two irrigation regimes and three tillage practices on production of two potato varieties were studied under four years rotation with either corn (Zea mays L.) or wheat (Trilicum aestivum L.), In two out of three years, as compared to irrigation to replenish full evapotranspiration (ET), deficit irrigation (85% of ET) decreased total tuber yield by 8 to 11% and 10 to 17%, and U.S. No. I tuber yield by 5 to 17% and 16 to 25%, in Russet Burbank Lind Hilite Russet cultivars, respectively. Tillage treatments evaluated were (i) conventional including raised ridges with dammer-dike; (ii) optimal, i.e.. lower depth of the tillage and shallow furrow, and (iii) reduced tillage, i.e., flat planting. During the first two years of the study, the effects of tillage treatments were non-significant on the total as well as U.S. No. I tuber yield in both cultivars. On the third year, the tuber yield was significantly lower in flat planting treatment LIS compared to that in the other tillage treatments. This study demonstrated that in coarse textured soils with adequate water infiltration, excessive tillage and/or dammer-diking may not benefit potato production. C1 USDA ARS, PWA, Vegetabel & Forage Crop Prod Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Alva, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, PWA, Vegetabel & Forage Crop Prod Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 9-10 BP 1451 EP 1460 DI 10.1081/CSS-120004293 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 560HV UT WOS:000176077400008 ER PT J AU Bowman, RA Reeder, JD Wienhold, BJ AF Bowman, RA Reeder, JD Wienhold, BJ TI Quantifying laboratory and field variability to assess potential for carbon sequestration SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID SOIL ORGANIC-CARBON; CENTRAL GREAT-PLAINS; CROP-ROTATION; NITROGEN; TILLAGE; CONSERVATION; SYSTEMS; ACID AB Accurate measurements of soil organic carbon (SOC) levels are essential to assess changes in C sequestration rates. To this end we conducted studies to evaluate laboratory variability in SOC concentration measured at USDA-ARS laboratories in Akron, CO, Cheyenne, WY, and Lincoln, NE. At the Akron laboratory we also evaluated field spatial variability within common cropping treatments in order to assess the potential to quantify significant changes in SOC content associated with rotations of varying cropping intensities. Our data showed very low coefficients of variation for SOC values from each of the three laboratories, and the same average SOC values for soils from each treatment. For mitigating spatial variability, the data showed that a 10-ha field required 10 cores, the 0.2-ha field, 2 cores. and the 0.02-ha field, one core, in order to achieve a difference of less than or equal to 10% from the mean 95% of the time. With respect to cropping intensity, all rotations with fallow contained statistically the same SOC levels, with the continuous cropping treatment [winter wheat-(Triticum aestivum L.)-corn-(Zea mays L.)-proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L) showing higher levels of SOC than the conventional-till winter wheat summer fallow and the wheat-sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)-fallow. Data indicate that net changes in SOC content over time as a result of management will be very difficult to assess, and will require a sufficient minimum elapsed time, as well as great attention to sampling protocol. C1 USDA ARS, Akron, CO 80720 USA. USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Bowman, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Akron, CO 80720 USA. RI daorui, han/G-3767-2011 NR 18 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 9-10 BP 1629 EP 1642 DI 10.1081/CSS-120004304 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 560HV UT WOS:000176077400019 ER PT J AU Li, YC Alva, A Calvert, D Banks, D AF Li, YC Alva, A Calvert, D Banks, D TI Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen in a high lightning intensity area SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID FIXATION AB Intensive lightning strikes and high rainfall were assumed to increase atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) in the southern and eastern coastal regions of Florida. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of lightning strikes on deposition of NO3-N. Bulk precipitation was collected and analyzed for NO3--N from September 1994 to August 1995. The lightning strikes significantly increased NO3-N deposition in rainwater. Annual contribution of NO3-N through precipitation was 3.8 kg N ha(-1). Summer season (June-October) accounted for about 53% of total annual N deposition. C1 Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Li, YC (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, 18905 SW 280 St, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. RI Li, Yuncong/B-9517-2009 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 9-10 BP 1671 EP 1677 DI 10.1081/CSS-120004307 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 560HV UT WOS:000176077400022 ER PT J AU Kpomblekou-A, K Ankumah, RO Ajwa, HA AF Kpomblekou-A, K Ankumah, RO Ajwa, HA TI Trace and nontrace element contents of broiler litter SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID ANIMAL WASTE AB Poultry production is rapidly growing in the United States. In 1999, Alabama, the third largest poultry producer in the United States, produced 971.2 million birds and generated about 1.5 million Mg of broiler litter that was mainly applied to agricultural lands as an organic fertilizer. To increase disease resistance of poultry birds, trace elements are often added to poultry diets. However, some of the trace elements are toxic to living systems when present in sufficient concentrations. There is growing concern about accumulation of trace elements in broiler litter added as a soil amendment to agricultural lands and its effects on the soil, groundwater, and the food chain. When added to soils, these elements may compromise safe food and feed production. Broiler litter contains also nontrace elements that normally do not adversely affect directly plant health and soil biological system, but still need to be monitored because of possible effects on soil physicochemical properties. This study investigated the concentrations of thirteen trace [silver (Ag), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn)] and six nontrace [aluminum (Al), barium (Ba), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), and sodium (Na)] elements in 33 broiler litter samples collected from 12 Alabama counties. A 0.5-g sample was digested by the EPA 3052 method using a Microwave Assisted Reaction System. Results showed a wide variability of element concentrations in the samples. None of the samples tested contained measurable amounts of Ag or Pb at detection limits of 0.2 mg L-1 and 2.0 mg L-1, respectively. Expressed in mg kg(-1), the range and median values for the other eleven trace elements were: As (<2.0-70.4, 18.8), Cd (<0.2-1.7, <0.2), Co (<0.2-2.3, <0.2), Cr (<0.2-17.6, 3.2), Cu (211-789, 410), Fe (718-6691, 1596), Mn (254-720, 356), Mo (<0.2-4.9, <0.2) Ni (<0.2-25.1, 1.0), Se (<2.0-24.3, <2.0), and Zn (224-706, 371). Corresponding values expressed in g kg(-1) for the nontrace elements were: Al (0.6-8.4, 1.4), Ba (0.014-0.036, 0.025), Ca (18.9-40.2, 27.3), Mg (4.8-10.0, 6.1), K (18.1-36.5, 25.9), and Na (3.6-9.2, 7.1). Substantial amounts of As in the samples and the presence of Cd, Co. and Cr in measurable amounts in some samples are of an environmental concern. C1 Tuskegee Univ, George Washington Carver Agr Expt Stn, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. USDA, Water Management Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. RP Kpomblekou-A, K (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, George Washington Carver Agr Expt Stn, Dept Agr & Environm Sci, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. NR 25 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 10 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 11-12 BP 1799 EP 1811 DI 10.1081/CSS-120004823 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 576FA UT WOS:000176991100008 ER PT J AU Kleinman, PJA Sharpley, AN AF Kleinman, PJA Sharpley, AN TI Estimating soil phosphorus sorption saturation from Mehlich-3 data SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATE SORPTION; CALCAREOUS VERTISOLS; AVAILABILITY; INCEPTISOLS; RUNOFF AB Soil phosphorus sorption saturation (Plat) measures the degree to which soil phosphorus (P) sorption sites have been filled and has been found to be a good indicator of P availability to runoff and leachate. At present, analytical methods required to estimate P-sat are generally not offered by soil testing laboratories. This study evaluated the use of Mehlich-3 data in estimating P-sat in a wide range of soils. In acidic soils (pH = 4.1-5.9), P-sat estimated from Mehlich-3 P, iron (Fe), and aluminum (Al) was highly correlated with P-sat estimated from ammonium oxalate data (r = 0.94) as well as with a reference P-sat estimated from bicarbonate P and the Langmuir sorption maximum (r = 0.89). In alkaline soils (pH = 7.3-8.4), P-sat estimated with Mehlich-3 P and calcium (Ca) was highly correlated with the reference P-sat (r = 0.84), and the strength of that correlation improved only slightly by factoring in soil clay content (r = 0.86). Results indicate that P-sat may be effectively estimated from Mehlich-3 data across a wide range of soils. This study confirms that P-sat may be readily estimated by soil testing laboratories that routinely measure Mehlich-3 P, Al, Fe, and Ca. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Kleinman, PJA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 39 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 12 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 11-12 BP 1825 EP 1839 DI 10.1081/CSS-120004825 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 576FA UT WOS:000176991100010 ER PT J AU Ponder, F AF Ponder, F TI Implications of silvicultural pesticides on forest soil animals, insects, fungi, and other organisms and ramifications on soil fertility and health SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID CONIFEROUS FOREST; DECOMPOSITION; SYSTEMS; GROWTH AB Sufficient information is available to show that pesticides can be properly applied and used safely in forest management. However, much of the information on the effects of pesticides on soil organisms is often based on methodologies involving soil processes (i.e., toxicology studies) rather than on individual groups of organisms. Because more than one group of soil organisms may carry out the same function, the effects of pesticides on a particular group can be missed. On the other hand, while laboratory test may show pesticide effects on one group under an array of controlled conditions, the same organism may respond differently in a field setting. Not much information is available on soil organisms resulting from combining various silvicultural herbicides or pesticides. Information is presented to show that with few exceptions, pesticides can affect soil organism populations, but the effects may be short-term with little noticeable long-term affect on soil health and quality. C1 Lincoln Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. RP Ponder, F (reprint author), Lincoln Univ, USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 208 Foster Hall, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. EM fponder@fs.fed.us NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 11-12 BP 1927 EP 1940 DI 10.1081/CSS-120004833 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 576FA UT WOS:000176991100018 ER PT J AU Varvel, GE Liebig, MA Doran, JW AF Varvel, GE Liebig, MA Doran, JW TI Soil organic matter assessments in a long-term cropping system study SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN; ROTATION; CARBON AB Assessing effects of cropping systems on soil organic matter (SOM) and soil carbon (C) changes are necessary to make accurate projections regarding sequestration and emission of CO2 by agricultural soils. This process requires substantial annual management inputs and large outlays for soil sampling and analyses. Our objectives were (1) to evaluate and test an alternative method for soil organic matter determination, (2) to determine if crop rotation and N fertilizer management significantly affected soil organic matter at the beginning (1986) or after 12 yrs (1998), and (3) to determine if total soil. organic matter levels have changed after 12 years in a long-term cropping system study. Soil samples were taken in 1986 and 1998 to a depth of 150 cm in 30 cm increments. Total soil organic C and organic matter by weight loss-on-ignition concentrations were determined for the soil samples taken in 1998. Results from both methods of analyses for the 1998 samples were highly correlated. No significant differences in soil organic matter by weight loss-on-ignition or total soil organic C concentrations between crop rotations or nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates were obtained for either sampling date, in the change in soil organic matter concentrations between dates, or total soil C amounts in the profile (0 to 150 cm) after 12 yrs (1998). Although no differences in soil organic matter (soil C) were obtained in the study, the excellent correlation between results of the two methods of organic matter analyses demonstrates that the less expensive and easier to use weight loss-on-ignition method can be used to make these types of assessments. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Varvel, GE (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA, ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 13-14 BP 2119 EP 2130 DI 10.1081/CSS-120005752 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 580MC UT WOS:000177237500008 ER PT J AU Soltanpour, PN Delgado, JA AF Soltanpour, PN Delgado, JA TI Profitable and sustainable soil test-based nutrient management SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Soil and Plant Analysis CY JUL 21-27, 2001 CL EDMONTON, CANADA ID NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY; PETIOLE SAP NITRATE; WINTER COVER CROPS; CONTROLLED-RELEASE FERTILIZERS; CHLOROPHYLL METER READINGS; IRRIGATED LEAF LETTUCE; PLANT ANALYSIS; WATER-QUALITY; SUFFICIENCY RANGE; SANDY SOILS AB Soil testing determines nutrient, lime, gypsum or S, leaching requirements for crops, and potential elemental toxicity to crops and/or their consumers. The majority of farmers do not use soil testing or use higher or lower than economic optimum nutrient rates. Shortcomings of the current soil testing methodology are inability to predict yields, large soil test spacial and temporal variability, inability to reflect dynamics of field parameters that affect nutrient availability, lack of accurate tests for nutrient mineralization, and lack of accurate nutrient response functions. In situ chlorophyll and quick sap tests; or remote sensing with variable rate technology (VRT) can overcome some of soil testing problems. Nutrient uptake efficiencies are low due to the lack of well-funded research efforts on breeding crops with better root systems and nutrient uptake efficiencies. Skogley's diffusion-dependent resin test, with a long equilibrium time, should be used as a standard to evaluate other soil tests, instead of the current resin test which requires shaking the soil and resin. The AB-DTPA test of Soltanpour and Schwab better reflected the effect of texture on P availability than Olsen NaHCO3 or Mehlich 3 tests due to its narrower solution to soil ratio. We give new field calibration P levels for AB-DTPA. Mulvaney's test for soil organic N availability index shows promise and should be evaluated. We will discuss the available best nutrient management strategies and our projection of future needs. Future nutrient management systems should be developed by regional cooperation between environmental soil scientists, geneticists, and economists. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Soltanpour, PN (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 177 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 15-18 BP 2557 EP 2583 DI 10.1081/CSS-120014465 PG 27 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 615FF UT WOS:000179234600009 ER PT J AU Alva, AK Collins, HP Boydston, RA AF Alva, AK Collins, HP Boydston, RA TI Corn, wheat, and potato crop residue decomposition and nitrogen mineralization in sandy soils under an irrigated potato rotation SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Soil and Plant Analysis CY JUL 21-27, 2001 CL EDMONTON, CANADA ID N-MINERALIZATION AB Transformation of organic nitrogen (N) from both soil organic matter and from crop residues into inorganic forms is an important process which determines the pool of available N for the subsequent crop. This study was conducted in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) on an irrigated Quincy fine sand where potato (Solanum tuberosum) was grown in three or four year rotations with either corn (Zea mays L.) or wheat (Triticum sativa L.). The decomposition of crop residue and the mineralization of nitrogen (N) provides a source of plant available N to the next crop. An in-situ column incubation technique was used to determine the N mineralized during January through September 2000 from corn, wheat, and potato crop residues. The soil was sieved to determine the amount of crop residues present in the soil which contributes to N mineralization. The dry weight of the crop residue in January soil samples, taken at the top 30 cm depth, ranged from 8.4 for potato to 26.5 Mg ha(-1) for corn, but decreased to 4.6 for potato and 12.7 Mg ha(-1) for corn in March. Total N content in the crop residue was used to estimate potentially mineralizable N (PMN) at the time of sampling. The PMN in the top 30 cm soil depth, on the basis of residues sampled in January, were 398, 378, and 121 kg ha(-1) for the corn, wheat, and potato crop residues, respectively, but decreased to 189, 114, and 68 kg ha(-1), respectively, in March samples. Cumulative N mineralized in the top 30 cm depth of soil during January through September was 172, 128, and 72 kg ha-1 for corn, wheat, and potato residues, respectively. Cumulative N mineralized during January through May accounted for 53 percent of the total N mineralized from January through September. The fate of the mineralized N early in the cropping season is uncertain, since this period represents minimal N uptake by crops. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Alva, AK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 14 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 15-18 BP 2643 EP 2651 DI 10.1081/CSS-120014467 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 615FF UT WOS:000179234600013 ER PT J AU Hislop, JE Hornbeck, JW AF Hislop, JE Hornbeck, JW TI Coping with effects of high dissolved salt samples on the inductively coupled plasma spectrometer SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Soil and Plant Analysis CY JUL 21-27, 2001 CL EDMONTON, CANADA AB Research on acidic forest soils typically, uses unbuffered salt solutions as extractants for exchangeable cations. Our lab uses I M NH4Cl extractant for exchangeable cations (Ca,, K, Mg, and Na) and 1 M KCl for exchangeable aluminum. The resulting high dissolved salt solutions presented chronic analytical problems on flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and direct current plasma spectrometer (DCP). More recently, the analyses completed on a simultaneous, axial inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) have continued to be problematic. Although, ICP manufacturers provide application notes that list some precautions to help minimize the salt effect, such issues are seldom mentioned in published articles and can be misleading when interpreting results. This paper describes various modifications that have been tried to eliminate the effects of high dissolved salts when using ICP. Adjustable parameters such as gas flow rates, sample introduction rates, dilution rates, and accessories were tested. Results of each modification were evaluated by comparing method detection limits, recovery rates, and carry-over values to determine the most effective operating ICP system. For example, a 15 second increase of sample uptake and rinse times for the KCl method decreased the method detection limit (MDL) by 12%, recovery rate by 12%, and carry-over by 25%. C1 US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Hislop, JE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, 271 Mast Rd ,POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 15-18 BP 3377 EP 3388 DI 10.1081/CSS-120014531 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 615FF UT WOS:000179234600071 ER PT J AU Adeli, A Varco, JJ Mostafa, SM Rowe, DE Bala, MF AF Adeli, A Varco, JJ Mostafa, SM Rowe, DE Bala, MF TI Comparability of anaerobic swine lagoon effluent to commercial fertilizer on soil nutrient dynamics SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; FORAGE MIXTURE; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN; MANURE; YIELD; DISPOSAL; QUALITY; REMOVAL; IMPACT AB The effects of swine effluent relative to commercial fertilizer on nutrient dynamics in two soils were studied. Swine effluent and commercial fertilizer were applied to established bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] on a slightly acid Vaiden silty clay (very fine, montmorillonitic, thermic, Aquic Hapludalfs) and to johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] on a slightly alkaline Okolona silty clay (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic, Typic Chromuderts) from 1994 to 1996. Treatments were multiple effluent irrigations resulting in 4 nitrogen (N) rates from 0 to 665 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1). Treatments were arranged as randomized complete blocks and replicated four times. Commercial fertilizer treatments were applied at equivalent nitrogen-phosphorus potassium (N-P-K) rates. The extractable soil P, K, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) at the top 5 cm of soil profile increased with increasing swine effluent application rates. For both soils, the high effluent and medium fertilizer treatments resulted in similar NO3-N concentrations when compared to lower application rates. Excessive soil NO3-N was observed with the high fertilizer treatments with concentrations of 50 mg kg(-1) or more for some depths of both soils. No significant differences in extractable soil K and P were observed between swine effluent and commercial fertilizer at the low and medium rates. However, at the high rate, P and K contents were greater for swine effluent than for fertilizer. Swine effluent applied at a rate equivalent to approximately 448 kg N ha(-1) y(-1) minimized soil residual NO3--N and salt content, and, appears to be the optimal rate under the conditions of this study. C1 Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 37962 USA. Univ Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. RP Adeli, A (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2002 VL 33 IS 19-20 BP 3779 EP 3795 DI 10.1081/CSS-120015922 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 627XN UT WOS:000179962000018 ER PT J AU Ruby, KW Griffith, RW Kaeberle, ML AF Ruby, KW Griffith, RW Kaeberle, ML TI Histamine production by Haemophilus somnus SO COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE histamine; Haemophilus somnus ID IGE; IMMEDIATE; SECRETION; IMMUNE; CALVES AB Ten Haemophilus somnus isolates were grown on blood agar plates under a 5% CO2 atmosphere for 48 h. Harvested whole cells were washed and evaluated for the presence of histamine by ELISA. All H. somnus isolates had cell-associated histamine concentrations of between 18.5 and 200 ng/ml. In a separate study, the ability of H. somnus to secrete histamine into BHI growth medium was evaluated using H. somnus strains 8025 and 156A as well as a recent 156A respiratory isolate. Each strain or isolate was grown under various concentrations of CO2 to approximate the CO2 concentration in the bronchi. The histamine content of washed whole cells and medium supernatant were determined at various stages of incubation. Highest histamine concentrations were detected in the recent respiratory isolate; whole cells (225 ng/ml) after 120 h incubation in 15% CO2 and supernatant (1721 ng/ml) after incubation for 41 h in 25% CO2. This study indicates that different H. somnus isolates can produce and secrete histamine which may be enhanced by CO2 concentrations which approximate those in the bronchial tree. Results of this study may partially explain some of the post-vaccination reactions occasionally observed with H. somnus bacterins. Additional studies are needed to determine the actual role of H. somnus-derived histamine in the pathogenesis of bovine respiratory disease and airway hyperresponsiveness. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Vet Biol Licensing & Policy Dev, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Coll Vet Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ruby, KW (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Ctr Vet Biol Licensing & Policy Dev, 115 S 17th St,Suite 104, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0147-9571 J9 COMP IMMUNOL MICROB JI Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S0147-9571(01)00015-7 PG 8 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 507XV UT WOS:000173057300002 PM 11831743 ER PT J AU Hoberg, EP Kutz, SJ Nagy, J Jenkins, E Elkin, B Branigan, M Cooley, D AF Hoberg, EP Kutz, SJ Nagy, J Jenkins, E Elkin, B Branigan, M Cooley, D TI Protostrongylus stilesi (Nematoda : Protostrongylidae): Ecological isolation and putative host-switching between Dall's sheep and muskoxen in a contact zone SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Protostrongylus stilesi; muskoxen; Dall's sheep; ecological isolation; colonization; biodiversity survey; Northwest Territories; Yukon Territory; Canada ID OVIBOS-MOSCHATUS; BIODIVERSITY; BIOGEOGRAPHY AB The occurrence of Protostrongylus stilesi in a population of introduced muskoxen, Ovibos moschatus wardi, on the Arctic Coastal Plain, Yukon Territory (YT) and Northwest Territories (NT), Canada, is consistent with a contemporary colonization event from Dall's sheep, Ovis dalli dalli, which indicates that host specificity may be ecologically based and contextual for this parasite. Colonization of muskoxen by P. stilesi may be a predictable event in zones of sympatry with Dall's sheep; exposure to infection may coincide with occupation of winter ranges of Dull's sheep by muskoxen during the summer season. Disruption of contemporary ecological isolating barriers can result from anthropogenically or climatologically driven habitat perturbation, and result from management practices that influence the distribution of ungulate hosts. Thus, if zones of contact become more extensive or the temporal limits on allopatry are relaxed, we may observe increasing instances of host switching by parasites or pathogens at the interface of newly emerging ecotones. Impacts to northern systems linked to climatologically and anthropogenically driven global change and the effects of management must be tracked within the context of biodiversity survey and inventory and archival collections, as foundations for monitoring ecosystem-level perturbations. A developing interface for muskoxen, wild sheep, and parasites along the Mackenzie River ecotone represents a natural model or Field laboratory to examine these processes. Additonally, lungworms, Protostrongylus spp., had not been reported in muskoxen, and a new geographic record for this nematode was established in Dall's sheep from the northern Richardson Mountains, NT. C1 ARS, Biosyst Unit Parasite Biol, Epidemil & Systemat Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Western Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada. Govt NW Terr, Dept Resources Wildlife & Econ Dev, Inuvik, NT X0E 0T0, Canada. Govt NW Terr, Dept Resources Wildlife & Econ Dev, Wildlife Hlth Program, Wildlife & Fisheries Div, Yellowknife, NT X1A 3S8, Canada. RP Hoberg, EP (reprint author), ARS, Biosyst Unit Parasite Biol, Epidemil & Systemat Lab, USDA, BARC E No 1180, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 35 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 15 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1525-2647 J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 69 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1654/1525-2647(2002)069[0001:PSNPEI]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 518YQ UT WOS:000173696300001 ER PT S AU Kraemer, SR Bakker, M AF Kraemer, SR Bakker, M BE Hassanizadeh, SM Schotting, RJ Gray, WG Pinder, GF TI Application of an analytic element model for multi-aquifer flow in the Atlantic coastal plain, USA SO COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WATER RESOURCES, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE DEVELOPMENTS IN WATER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources CY JUN 23-28, 2002 CL DELFT, NETHERLANDS C1 USDA ARS, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Kraemer, SR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. OI Bakker, Mark/0000-0002-5629-2861 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 7108-8070 BN 0-444-50975-5 J9 DEV WATER SCI PY 2002 VL 47 BP 767 EP 770 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Mathematics, Applied; Water Resources SC Engineering; Mathematics; Water Resources GA BV40A UT WOS:000178839400101 ER PT S AU Haynes, RW Monserud, RA Johnson, A AF Haynes, RW Monserud, RA Johnson, A BE Johnson, AC Haynes, RW Monserud, RA TI Emergent results from the wood compatibility initiative SO CONGRUENT MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE RESOURCES: PROCEEDINGS FROM THE WOOD COMPATIBILITY INITIATIVE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wood Compatibility Initiative Workshop CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL STEVENSON, WA DE forest management; forest production; tradeoffs; compatibility ID FORESTS; MANAGEMENT; HISTORY; OREGON AB The Wood Compatibility Initiative (WCI) was stimulated by the public debate over forest management, which often portrayed management choices as involving tradeoffs between biophysical and socioeconomic components of ecosystems. Its purpose is to expand information on the options that may increase the compatibility between wood production and other societal values derived from forestlands. The WCI addresses two aspects of the compatibility issue. First, how can various forest management practices be related to an array of associated goods and services? Second, how can the effects of different approaches to forest management be derived across relatively large and complex ecosystems? The goal is to enable a richer public dialogue about the ability of land management options to produce timber, nontimber forest products, fish, and wildlife. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Haynes, RW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2002 VL 563 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BW08L UT WOS:000180819100001 ER PT S AU Spies, TA Johnson, KN Bettinger, P McComb, WC Ohmann, JL Reeves, GH AF Spies, TA Johnson, KN Bettinger, P McComb, WC Ohmann, JL Reeves, GH BE Johnson, AC Haynes, RW Monserud, RA TI Challenges to integrating wood production, biodiversity, and other socioeconomic values at broad scales: An example from coastal Oregon SO CONGRUENT MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE RESOURCES: PROCEEDINGS FROM THE WOOD COMPATIBILITY INITIATIVE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wood Compatibility Initiative Workshop CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL STEVENSON, WA DE integrated regional assessments; forest landscape management and planning; multi-ownership landscapes; ecological indicators ID DECISION-MAKING; MANAGEMENT; VARIABILITY; ECOLOGISTS; FORESTRY; POLICY AB The process of assessing tradeoffs among different forest uses to help inform debates about sustainable forestry is complex and full of challenges. These challenges include: (1) definition of problems and formulation of a conceptual model, (2) identification of policies and policy alternatives, (3) development of spatial information about regions, (4) development of spatial and temporal projections of landscapes, (5) quantifying ecological responses, (6) integration of components, (7) conducting scientific research in a public policy environment, and (8) institutional barriers. Our experience indicates that meeting these challenges requires a combination of suitable institutional support; environmental crises; and tools and information to help visualize and analyze the problem. We meet these requirements in our Coastal Analysis and Modeling Study (CLAMS). Our continued success rests upon other elements including patience and the ever-changing role and acceptance of science in public debates. The time and effort required to work on this scale while simultaneously meeting scientific standards and those of policy makers and managers is enormous. We don't yet know how much this work influences policy making and informs public debates, however, we are more aware of linkages among disciplines and information needs at broad spatial scales. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Spies, TA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. OI Bettinger, Pete/0000-0002-5454-3970 NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Northwest PY 2002 VL 563 BP 13 EP 25 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BW08L UT WOS:000180819100002 ER PT S AU Raphael, MG Bisson, PA Jones, LLC Foster, AD AF Raphael, MG Bisson, PA Jones, LLC Foster, AD BE Johnson, AC Haynes, RW Monserud, RA TI Effects of streamside forest management on the composition and abundance of stream and riparian fauna of the Olympic Peninsula SO CONGRUENT MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE RESOURCES: PROCEEDINGS FROM THE WOOD COMPATIBILITY INITIATIVE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wood Compatibility Initiative Workshop CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL STEVENSON, WA DE amphibians; birds; fish; mammals; riparian; buffer ID BIRD AB We conducted a retrospective study of the influence of timber harvest on vertebrate assemblages in and adjacent to small streams on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, 1996 to 1999. Sixty-two sites were selected, with adjacent sites representing old-growth conditions and five site conditions resulting from silvicultural treatments: young, mature, thinned mature, buffered old, and buffered mature sites. To determine site-level patterns of species composition and structure, we developed an integrated sampling design targeting specific vertebrate taxa along and perpendicular to the axis of the stream. We also characterized the vegetation and habitat characteristics of streams and streamside buffers. Instream and near-stream amphibians were the best indicators of stream and streamside habitat condition, probably because of their low mobility, tendency to reside in or return to specific locations, lengthy larval period, ability to populate beyond obstacles to movement, and narrow limits of environmental tolerance. Small buffers contributed to site structural diversity, but fish communities were highly variable and not strongly related to buffer width. Effects of forest management on headwater stream and riparian-associated vertebrates were often difficult to assess, probably because other factors such as local geomorphic features, weather patterns, long-term disturbance histories, and characteristics of surrounding landscapes obscured these patterns. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Raphael, MG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2002 VL 563 BP 27 EP 40 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BW08L UT WOS:000180819100003 ER PT S AU Alig, RJ Kline, JD AF Alig, RJ Kline, JD BE Johnson, AC Haynes, RW Monserud, RA TI Socioeconomic factors influencing land use and management changes in the Pacific Northwest SO CONGRUENT MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE RESOURCES: PROCEEDINGS FROM THE WOOD COMPATIBILITY INITIATIVE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wood Compatibility Initiative Workshop CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL STEVENSON, WA DE land use change; rural development; population growth ID ECONOMETRIC-ANALYSIS; FOREST; TIMBER; URBAN; OBJECTIVES; GROWTH; BASE AB We have developed models describing relationships between socioeconomic forces and land use and management changes in the Pacific Northwest. How land is allocated among different uses is a reflection of socioeconomic forces that motivate human settlement and the land management decisions of private landowners. Private landowners are heterogeneous in nature. Their objectives and land use decisions have significant implications across a regional landscape with mixed ownerships, especially concerning sustainability issues and risk-related factors associated with human disturbance of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Our models provide long-range projections of land use change, serving as key inputs into other models of terrestrial and aquatic processes. They describe the probability of developing forests and farmland in the region into residential, commercial, or industrial uses as a function of spatial socioeconomic variables, landownership patterns, and geographic and physical land characteristics. Results suggest that development of forest and farmland is most likely on lands located near population centers and increases in likelihood with the size of those population centers. We project that nonindustrial private forestlands are the most likely to be developed over the next 50 years. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Land Use & Land Cover Dynam Team, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Alig, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Land Use & Land Cover Dynam Team, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2002 VL 563 BP 41 EP 49 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BW08L UT WOS:000180819100004 ER PT S AU Bisson, PA Raphael, MG Foster, AD Jones, LLC AF Bisson, PA Raphael, MG Foster, AD Jones, LLC BE Johnson, AC Haynes, RW Monserud, RA TI Influence of site and landscape features on vertebrate assemblages in small streams SO CONGRUENT MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE RESOURCES: PROCEEDINGS FROM THE WOOD COMPATIBILITY INITIATIVE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wood Compatibility Initiative Workshop CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL STEVENSON, WA DE streams; fish; amphibians; riparian; watersheds ID FISHES AB The relative influence of site- and landscape-level habitat features on fishes and stream-dwelling amphibians was evaluated at 62 headwater streams on the Olympic Peninsula in Washington state. Watershed areas at the study sites ranged from 16 to 2,817 ha (average 265 ha) and the catchments had varied geologic, land use, and natural disturbance histories. Site-level features included stream habitat type, channel substrate, and riparian forest condition. Landscape-level features included forest age, drainage characteristics, elevation, road density, and landslide frequency. There were important differences in habitat associations among species within the two major headwater vertebrate groups (fishes and amphibians) as well as between the two groups themselves. In general, fishes were more strongly influenced by in-stream habitat parameters than by riparian or watershed variables. Stream-dwelling amphibians, however, were influenced by riparian and watershed features and were less affected by in-stream habitats. Thus, fishes may be the best overall indicators of site-scale stream conditions; amphibians seem to be more sensitive indicators of landscape-scale riparian and upland features. Preliminary comparison of the information value of different landscape-level variables (their importance to stream-dwelling vertebrates relative to the cost of obtaining them) showed that certain variables had much greater utility for landscape-scale assessments than others. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Bisson, PA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM pbisson@fs.fed.us; mraphael@fs.fed.us; afoster0l@fs.fed.us; ljones02@fs.fed.us NR 19 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Northwest PY 2002 VL 563 BP 61 EP 72 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BW08L UT WOS:000180819100006 ER PT S AU Olson, DH Chan, SS Thompson, CR AF Olson, DH Chan, SS Thompson, CR BE Johnson, AC Haynes, RW Monserud, RA TI Riparian buffers and thinning designs in western oregon headwaters accomplish multiple resource objectives SO CONGRUENT MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE RESOURCES: PROCEEDINGS FROM THE WOOD COMPATIBILITY INITIATIVE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wood Compatibility Initiative Workshop CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL STEVENSON, WA DE density management; riparian; buffer; headwater; microclimate; amphibians ID FORESTS AB We are investigating headwater riparian and upland forest management to achieve multiple resource objectives, primarily accelerated development of old-growth habitat and rare species management. For stands 40 to 50 yrs old, a control and three density management treatments are under study. Treatments include a mosaic of leave- and clearcut-islands within a matrix of thinning to various densities. Within this template, four no-entry riparian buffer zones also are under investigation. Companion studies utilize these two templates for biota and/or habitat characterizations; in particular, we are examining amphibians, mollusks, fishes, microclimate, and microsite. The balance of resource objectives was apparent during study implementation. For example, >100 species were evaluated by federal field units at the stand scale across 13 study sites, and many became conflicts to study implementation. The common methods of conflict resolution involved leaving unthinned areas, such as the study design elements of various sizes of riparian buffers and unthinned leave islands. The mosaic of stand-scale conditions resulting from such designs effectively addresses sustainability. This is a cooperative study between the U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, with companion projects conducted by Oregon State University and U.S. Geological Survey partners. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Olson, DH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2002 VL 563 BP 81 EP 91 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BW08L UT WOS:000180819100008 ER PT S AU Johnson, AC Edwards, RT AF Johnson, AC Edwards, RT BE Johnson, AC Haynes, RW Monserud, RA TI Physical and chemical processes in headwater channels with red alder SO CONGRUENT MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE RESOURCES: PROCEEDINGS FROM THE WOOD COMPATIBILITY INITIATIVE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wood Compatibility Initiative Workshop CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL STEVENSON, WA DE alder; young-growth forest; headwater channels; landslides; nitrate ID WOODY DEBRIS; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; STREAMS; WASHINGTON; INVERTEBRATES; DETRITUS; FORESTS; OREGON; EXPORT AB We investigated links between physical disturbance processes, vegetation type (alder or conifer), and stream nitrate concentrations in headwater streams in young-growth stands and old-growth forests within mountainous terrain in southeast Alaska. Alder coverage in upland headwater zones (areas with slopes > 15degrees, or 27%) associated with landsliding was more extensive within young-growth stands than within old-growth forests. The highest nitrate concentrations occurred in streams within alder dominated young-growth forest. However, some streams with high alder coverage had low nitrate concentrations. These streams were larger and originated within alpine zones on ridge tops, suggesting that landform and source area may also be important factors regulating nutrient concentrations. An understanding of the relationship among disturbance patterns, tree species establishment, and nutrient cycling may help managers better predict the effect of harvest practices on stream productivity. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Johnson, AC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 2770 Sherwood Lane,Suite 2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ajohnson03@fs.fed.us; rtedwards@fs.fed.us; ajohnson03@fs.fed.us NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Northwest PY 2002 VL 563 BP 101 EP 108 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BW08L UT WOS:000180819100010 ER PT S AU Spies, TA Johnson, KN Reeves, G Bettinger, P McGrath, MT Pabst, R Burnett, K Olsen, K AF Spies, TA Johnson, KN Reeves, G Bettinger, P McGrath, MT Pabst, R Burnett, K Olsen, K BE Johnson, AC Haynes, RW Monserud, RA TI An evaluation of tradeoffs between wood production and ecological integrity in the Oregon Coast Range SO CONGRUENT MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE RESOURCES: PROCEEDINGS FROM THE WOOD COMPATIBILITY INITIATIVE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wood Compatibility Initiative Workshop CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL STEVENSON, WA DE ecological integrity; timber production; broad scale assessments ID FORESTS; MANAGEMENT AB Can alternative policies provide greater overall compatibility among wood production and ecological integrity than do current policies? Answering this question requires developing indicators of biodiversity at broad scales and analysis of tradeoffs between measures of biodiversity and wood production. We are developing a suite of indicators based on habitat quality and natural disturbance regimes. A small set of existing wildlife habitat and old-growth forest development indicators was used with a landscape simulator to demonstrate how to create a tradeoff analysis. We compared ecological conditions and timber production at 100 years for four policy alternatives for a large landscape in the central Coast Range. The alternatives differed in ecological condition and timber production, but differences were relatively small. The policy alternative based on retention of large trees in cutting units provided the same ecological conditions as an alternative based on longer rotations with less impact on timber production. One insight from this initial work is that management changes that seem drastic at stand or landscape levels may have small or slow effects on ecological conditions at larger spatial scales. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Spies, TA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. OI Bettinger, Pete/0000-0002-5454-3970 NR 32 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Northwest PY 2002 VL 563 BP 111 EP 119 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BW08L UT WOS:000180819100011 ER PT S AU Swanson, FJ Cissel, JH Pennington, DD Jones, JA AF Swanson, FJ Cissel, JH Pennington, DD Jones, JA BE Johnson, AC Haynes, RW Monserud, RA TI Framing the discussion of future forestry in the Pacific Northwest SO CONGRUENT MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE RESOURCES: PROCEEDINGS FROM THE WOOD COMPATIBILITY INITIATIVE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wood Compatibility Initiative Workshop CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL STEVENSON, WA DE forestry; landscape management; silviculture; sustainable management ID SYSTEMS AB Planning future management of forests and watersheds in the Pacific Northwest can lead to fruitful outcomes when the planning effort is placed in broad time and space contexts, considers multiple goods and services from these natural resource systems, and is based on effective communication with people representing the many relevant interests. A broad temporal perspective includes reference to historical disturbance regimes from wildfire and other processes. Landscape management plans examined from diverse viewpoints, such as watershed processes, biological diversity, and commodity production, provide a useful medium for balancing management objectives and approaches. Work described in this paper provides examples of some of these approaches for parts of the Oregon Cascade Range. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Swanson, FJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM fswanson@fs.fed.us; jcissel@fs.fed.us; penningd@LTERnet.edu; jonesj@geo.orst.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Northwest PY 2002 VL 563 BP 121 EP 125 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BW08L UT WOS:000180819100012 ER PT S AU Barbour, RJ Marshall, DD Parry, DL Christensen, G AF Barbour, RJ Marshall, DD Parry, DL Christensen, G BE Johnson, AC Haynes, RW Monserud, RA TI Do large trees always have higher wood product value? SO CONGRUENT MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE RESOURCES: PROCEEDINGS FROM THE WOOD COMPATIBILITY INITIATIVE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wood Compatibility Initiative Workshop CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL STEVENSON, WA DE wood quality; silviculture; wood products; lumber; western Oregon and Washington ID DOUGLAS-FIR; OREGON; YOUNG AB When the Northwest Forest Plan for the Recovery of the Northern Spotted Owl (NWFP) and associated species was established in 1994, it shifted federal land management emphasis toward noncommodity outputs. Since then, forest practices on state land in Oregon and Washington were also modified to emphasize resources other than timber. At the same time, commercial forest owners have moved to shorter rotations and most of the region's sawmills have been retooled to process smaller (< 24 inch, 61 cm) logs. Management plans for public land allow a variety of management activities, some of which may remove trees that are 50 to 120 years old and 20 or more inches (51 cm) in diameter at breast height (dbh). It is likely that these trees are larger and older than those removed from private land but because of their relatively young age, they might not necessarily yield higher value wood products. Some of the logs cut from these trees might also be too large to process in the region's sawmills making them less attractive to potential buyers. We used empirical wood product recovery data to conduct an analysis to contrast the economic value of 20 to 30 inch (51 to 76 cm) dbh trees in the 50 to 80 year and 100 to 150 year age classes. The purpose of this analysis was to illustrate the importance of age in controlling economic value in trees of the same size. The older trees had dollar values of as much as 55% higher per board foot than the younger trees. This analysis suggests that some of proposed treatments on public land will result in trees that could be difficult to market to the region's wood processors and, therefore, might not provide the economic returns anticipated under the Northwest Forest Plan or by state forestry plans in Oregon and Washington. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Barbour, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2002 VL 563 BP 135 EP 144 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BW08L UT WOS:000180819100014 ER PT S AU Marshall, DD DeBell, DS AF Marshall, DD DeBell, DS BE Johnson, AC Haynes, RW Monserud, RA TI Stem characteristics and wood properties: Essential considerations in sustainable multipurpose forestry regimes SO CONGRUENT MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE RESOURCES: PROCEEDINGS FROM THE WOOD COMPATIBILITY INITIATIVE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wood Compatibility Initiative Workshop CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL STEVENSON, WA DE wood quality; Douglas-fir; (Pseudotsuga menziesii); western hemlock; (Tsuga heterophylla); red alder; (Alnus rubra); black cottonwood; (Populus trichocarpa); western redcedar; (Thuja plicata) ID DOUGLAS-FIR AB The management of forest resources in the Pacific Northwest has changed greatly since the first harvests of large-diameter old-growth trees to the more recent harvests of younger, small diameter trees grown in plantations managed for rapid growth and wood production. This change continues with an increased emphasis on managing for both wood production and a range of other objectives, including aesthetics, wildlife habitat and other nontimber values. Much of our accumulated silvicultural knowledge can help in developing regimes to meet these new goals, however, these alternative regimes may produce trees and wood with very different characteristics than in the past. This could have large impacts on value. To date, only minor attention is placed on the impacts of silvicultural practices on wood quality, especially for species other than Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco). We provide four examples using research on western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.), black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray) (and hybrid poplar) and western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn.) to demonstrate how silvicultural practices can alter stem characteristics and wood properties. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Marshall, DD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia Forestry Sci Lab, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2002 VL 563 BP 145 EP 149 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BW08L UT WOS:000180819100015 ER PT S AU Monserud, RA Robinson, AP AF Monserud, RA Robinson, AP BE Johnson, AC Haynes, RW Monserud, RA TI How adaptable are forest growth models for simulating alternative silvicultures in the Northwest? SO CONGRUENT MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE RESOURCES: PROCEEDINGS FROM THE WOOD COMPATIBILITY INITIATIVE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wood Compatibility Initiative Workshop CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL STEVENSON, WA DE model comparison; adaptability; forest growth models; Pacific Northwest ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; FIELD-MEASUREMENTS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; NORTHERN; LIGHT AB We apply criteria that assess the adaptability of forest growth simulation models for modeling alternative silvicultural systems under experimentation in the Northwest. The ability to simulate stand growth under increasingly heterogeneous structures and mixed-species compositions is an important aspect of evaluating the compatibility of management alternatives. The most important criteria summarize the infrastructure of the model: portability, extendibility, source code availability, and adequate documentation. We apply these criteria to seven stand growth simulation models from the region. Although none of the candidate models is fully adaptable, the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) came closest. The value of spatial information for predicting stand growth is in need of reevaluation in light of these new silvicultural alternatives. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Monserud, RA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM rmonserud@fs.fed.us; andrewr@uidaho.edu; rmonserud@fs.fed.us RI Robinson, Andrew/F-5291-2011; OI Robinson, Andrew/0000-0002-0509-6043 NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW JI USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. Pac. Northwest PY 2002 VL 563 BP 151 EP 157 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BW08L UT WOS:000180819100016 ER PT S AU Johnson, R Lipow, S AF Johnson, R Lipow, S BE Johnson, AC Haynes, RW Monserud, RA TI Compatibility of breeding for increased wood production and long-term sustainability: The genetic variation of seed orchard seed and associated risks SO CONGRUENT MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE RESOURCES: PROCEEDINGS FROM THE WOOD COMPATIBILITY INITIATIVE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wood Compatibility Initiative Workshop CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL STEVENSON, WA DE genetic diversity; tree breeding; seed orchards; risks ID DOUGLAS-FIR; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SITKA SPRUCE; JACK PINE; DIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; RADIATA; IMPACT; NUMBER AB Because breeding imposes strong artificial selection for a narrow suite of economically important traits, genetic variation is reduced in seedlings derived from operational seed orchards. Both quantitative genetics theory and studies of allozyme variation show that seed orchards contain most of the genetic diversity found in natural populations, although low-frequency alleles are often absent from seed orchard populations. Because plantations established with seed orchard seed are frequently maintained for only a single generation, they do not need to preserve the low-frequency alleles that are maintained in the breeding and gene resource populations. Moreover, in the Pacific Northwest, low-frequency alleles are typically maintained in the breeding population and in in situ reserves that serve as gene resource populations. Our analysis of theoretical and empirical data indicates that seed orchards with 20 or more selections should provide the same level of risks as seed collected from the natural population. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Johnson, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2002 VL 563 BP 169 EP 179 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BW08L UT WOS:000180819100018 ER PT S AU Vance, N Gray, A Haberman, B AF Vance, N Gray, A Haberman, B BE Johnson, AC Haynes, RW Monserud, RA TI Assessment of western Oregon forest inventory for evaluating commercially important understory plants SO CONGRUENT MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE RESOURCES: PROCEEDINGS FROM THE WOOD COMPATIBILITY INITIATIVE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wood Compatibility Initiative Workshop CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL STEVENSON, WA DE forest inventory; nontimber forest products; understory; plants; FIA; Oregon ID COMMUNITIES AB The plant species that furnish nontimber forest products (NTFP) are an under-assessed but ubiquitous resource in the Pacific Northwest. This study addresses the relation between these understory species and the forest overstory by examining forest inventory data to determine its appropriateness for building predictive models linking forest management and conditions to the abundance and distribution of understory plants. Data from the 1995 inventory of western Oregon, conducted by Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA), were analyzed to determine if forest condition and environmental variables provide useful correlations with the abundance and cover of NTFP plant species. An assessment of representative NTFP plant species of the Pacific Northwest provided a list of 76 species for the analysis. Of 55 NTFP species found in the database, 14 occurred with plot frequency high enough for statistical analysis. Frequency was significantly correlated with several environmental and forest condition variables. The sampling methodology tended to exclude less abundant and smaller plant species and may not be appropriate for narrowly distributed species. C1 US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, RMP Program, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Vance, N (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, RMP Program, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2002 VL 563 BP 183 EP 190 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BW08L UT WOS:000180819100019 ER PT S AU Kerns, BK Alexander, SJ Pilz, D Liegel, LH AF Kerns, BK Alexander, SJ Pilz, D Liegel, LH BE Johnson, AC Haynes, RW Monserud, RA TI Assessing commercial understory species: Quantity, quality, supply and demand SO CONGRUENT MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE RESOURCES: PROCEEDINGS FROM THE WOOD COMPATIBILITY INITIATIVE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wood Compatibility Initiative Workshop CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL STEVENSON, WA DE nontimber forest products; inventory methods; forest structure; understory; overstory; inventory databases ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; OREGON; VEGETATION AB To provide information for compatible commercial understory species and timber management approaches, our study focused on the following questions. Do suitable methods or databases exist to assess commercial understory species quantity and quality? Can we determine how timber management, specifically overstory manipulations, impacts commercial understory species quantity and quality? To address the first question, we conducted a synthesis of current inventory methods and databases for understory species and the adequacy of these methods and databases to provide appropriate information about commercial quantity and quality. We found that sampling methods exist or are being developed that can be applied to NTFP species for inventory and monitoring purposes. However, information and methodology regarding commercial quality and quantity are lacking. Current forest resource surveys frequently do not provide appropriate spatial and temporal resolution for local information needs and commercial quantity and quality data are lacking. To address the second question, we conducted two studies in western Oregon. Our results showed that understory development and relationships with overstory variables have deterministic components that can help guide compatible management; but, to best determine how silvicultural treatments might affect commercial understory species supply, it is important to take into account product attributes, species and site specific responses. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kerns, BK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2002 VL 563 BP 191 EP 197 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BW08L UT WOS:000180819100020 ER PT S AU Reynolds, KM AF Reynolds, KM BE Johnson, AC Haynes, RW Monserud, RA TI Logic models as frameworks for thinking about compatibility SO CONGRUENT MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE RESOURCES: PROCEEDINGS FROM THE WOOD COMPATIBILITY INITIATIVE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wood Compatibility Initiative Workshop CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL STEVENSON, WA DE Montreal Process; forest; ecosystem; sustainability; criteria and indicators; logic; model; knowledge base; decision support; compatibility AB Numerous efforts around the world are underway to apply the Montreal criteria and indicators to assess the sustainability of temperate and boreal forests. This paper describes the general structure of a logic-based model for evaluating the sustainability of forests at regional and national levels, and illustrates how a logical formalism can be used to represent and evaluate compatibility among resource values and uses. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Reynolds, KM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. OI Reynolds, Keith/0000-0002-5286-4754 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2002 VL 563 BP 215 EP 224 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BW08L UT WOS:000180819100023 ER PT S AU Donnegan, JA AF Donnegan, JA BE Johnson, AC Haynes, RW Monserud, RA TI Assessing temporal trends in forest inventory and analysis data: Applications to criteria and indicators SO CONGRUENT MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE RESOURCES: PROCEEDINGS FROM THE WOOD COMPATIBILITY INITIATIVE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wood Compatibility Initiative Workshop CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL STEVENSON, WA DE criteria and indicators; data warehouse; forest inventory and analysis; harvest; Oregon; wood compatibility initiative ID HISTORY AB The Forest Inventory and Analysis program (FIA) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service has conducted periodic forest inventories since the 1930s in Oregon and Washington. This work evaluates historic trends in FIA data in the context of the Montreal Process Criteria and Indicators (C&I) and in the context of examining the compatibility of timber production, while sustaining other valued forest resources. Based on 65 years of FIA data, this paper compares differences in timberland area and volume between five counties with the highest average harvest-to-growing-stock-volume (H:V) ratios and the five with the lowest H:V ratios in western Oregon. Historic Resource Planning Act data (RPA), of which FIA is a subset, along with climatic data for western Oregon, are presented to frame the results in a broader context. Timberland area and volume trends in the state are mirrored in FIA county-level data, with declines evident until the 1970s to 1980s when the downward trend leveled-off or was reversed. The trend in volume per acre for the combined group of five counties with the lowest H:V ratio and the group with the highest H:V ratio follow each other in trend until 1977 when volume per acre increases strongly for the group of low H:V counties compared with a modest decrease for the high H:V group. Climatic affects on timberland area and volume are not evident in the record, appearing to be overwhelmed by changes in land use. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Donnegan, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2002 VL 563 BP 233 EP 244 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BW08L UT WOS:000180819100025 ER PT S AU Reynolds, KM AF Reynolds, KM BE Johnson, AC Haynes, RW Monserud, RA TI Social acceptability of natural resource decision-making processes SO CONGRUENT MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPLE RESOURCES: PROCEEDINGS FROM THE WOOD COMPATIBILITY INITIATIVE WORKSHOP SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PACIFIC NORTHWEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wood Compatibility Initiative Workshop CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL STEVENSON, WA DE social acceptability; logic; model; decision making; land management ID PUBLIC-PARTICIPATION; ENVIRONMENTAL RISK; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; TRUST; FAIRNESS; CREDIBILITY; FACILITIES; KNOWLEDGE; FORESTS; VALUES AB In recent decades, conflict and litigation with public constituencies who find current forest management decisions unacceptable has characterized natural resource management. To devise publicly-supportable management strategies, it is critical to understand how the public forms opinions about, and judges the acceptability of, forest management practices and the decision-making processes that create them. This report summarizes key findings of an in-depth study on use of a knowledge-based logic modeling system, for organizing and analyzing the social. acceptability of natural resource management. decision processes. There are three main concerns associated with using knowledge bases to evaluate social acceptability: some potential to become a black box, problems associated with using numeric values. to evaluate a concept as complex as social acceptability, and our incomplete understanding of factors that influence social acceptability judgments. These caveats do not result from limitations inherent to knowledge bases, but they may hamper our ability to use these specific types of knowledge bases effectively in planning. However, if the caveats are fully acknowledged; the,knowledge base could be a valuable tool for improving forest management decision processes'. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Reynolds, KM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. OI Reynolds, Keith/0000-0002-5286-4754 NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV PACIFIC NW RESEARCH STN PI PORTLAND PA 319 SW PINE ST, PO BOX 3890, PORTLAND, OR 97208 USA SN 0363-6224 J9 US FOR SERV T R PNW PY 2002 VL 563 BP 245 EP 252 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BW08L UT WOS:000180819100026 ER PT J AU Ledig, FT Hodgskiss, PD Jacob-Cervantes, V AF Ledig, FT Hodgskiss, PD Jacob-Cervantes, V TI Genetic diversity, mating system, and conservation of a Mexican subalpine relict, Picea mexicana Martinez SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE bottlenecks; endangered species; fragmentation; global warming; isozymes ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; POPULATION; SPRUCE; HETEROZYGOSITY; PROGRAM; PINE AB Mexican spruce (Picea mexicana Martinez), an endangered species of the highest sky islands in Mexico's Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre Occidental, is threatened by fire, grazing, and global warming. Its conservation depends on whether it also is threatened by inbreeding and loss of genic diversity. We used 18 isozyme markers in 12 enzyme systems to assay genic diversity, characterize the mating system, and test for recent bottlenecks in three known populations. Unbiased, expected heterozygosity (H-e) averaged 0.125. Despite a separation of 676 km between populations in the Sierra Madre Oriental and the Sierra Madre Occidental, Wright's F-ST, the proportion of total genic diversity among populations, was only 6.9%. Nei's genetic distance was 0.001 between the populations in the Sierra Madre Oriental and more than an order of magnitude greater, 0.019, between the Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre Occidental. However, both values point to relatively recent divergence. Mating systems were predominantly outcrossing, but with significant selling. Multilocus estimates of selling varied from 19% to 41%, and the means of single-locus estimates were higher, suggesting that additional inbreeding occurred by mating among relatives. Despite significant inbreeding, observed heterozygosity was as high as or higher than H-e; Wright's fixation index, F-IS, was -0.107. Under the observed level of selfing, positive values of F-IS were expected. Therefore, selection against inbreds and homozygotes must be intense. Cornuet-Luikart tests indicate recent bottlenecks in at least two of the three populations. The results suggest that Mexican spruce is a genetically viable species, and threats are primarily environmental. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. Colegio Postgrad Ciencias Agr, Especialidad Bot, Mexico City 56230, DF, Mexico. RP Ledig, FT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Forest Genet, 2480 Carson Rd, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. NR 45 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PY 2002 VL 3 IS 2 BP 113 EP 122 DI 10.1023/A:1015297621884 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 588DK UT WOS:000177685600002 ER PT J AU Cox, TS Bender, M Picone, C Van Tassel, DL Holland, JB Brummer, EC Zoeller, BE Paterson, AH Jackson, W AF Cox, TS Bender, M Picone, C Van Tassel, DL Holland, JB Brummer, EC Zoeller, BE Paterson, AH Jackson, W TI Breeding perennial grain crops SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE natural systems agriculture; interspecific hybridization; crop domestication; cereal; legume ID HALEPENSE L PERS; ZEA-DIPLOPERENNIS POACEAE; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; SECALE-CEREALE L; DACTYLOIDES L L; TRIPSACUM-DACTYLOIDES; EASTERN GAMAGRASS; INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION; INTERGENERIC HYBRIDS; WIDE HYBRIDIZATION AB One-third of the planet's arable land has been lost to soil erosion in recent decades, and the pace of this degradation will increase as the limits of our food production capacity are stretched. The persistent problem of worldwide soil erosion has rekindled interest in perennial grain crops. All of our current grain crops are annuals; therefore, developing an array of new perennial grains - grasses, legumes, and others - will require a long-term commitment. Fortunately, many perennial species can be hybridized with related annual crops, allowing us to incorporate genes of domestication much more quickly than did our ancestors who first selected the genes. Some grain crops - including rye, rice, and sorghum - can be hybridized with close perennial relatives to establish new gene pools. Others, such as wheat, oat, maize, soybean, and sunflower, must be hybridized with more distantly related perennial species and genera. Finally, some perennial species with relatively high grain yields - intermediate wheatgrass, wildrye, lymegrass, eastern gamagrass, Indian ricegrass, Illinois bundleflower, Maximilian sunflower, and probably others - are candidates for direct domestication without interspecific hybridization. To ensure diversity in the field and foster further genetic improvement, breeders will need to develop deep gene pools for each crop. Discussions of breeding strategies for perennial grains have concentrated on allocation of photosynthetic resources between seeds and vegetative structures. However, perennials will likely be grown in more diverse agro-ecosystems and require arrays of traits very different from those usually addressed by breeders of annuals. The only way to address concerns about the feasibility of perennial grains is to carry out breeding programs with adequate resources on a sufficient time scale. A massive program for breeding perennial grains could be funded by diversion of a relatively small fraction of the world's agricultural research budget. C1 Land Inst, Salina, KS 67401 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Maiz Org, Hiawatha, KS 66434 USA. Univ Georgia, Riverbend Res Ctr, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Cox, TS (reprint author), Land Inst, 2440 E Water Well Rd, Salina, KS 67401 USA. OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 NR 199 TC 68 Z9 71 U1 6 U2 55 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 0735-2689 J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. PY 2002 VL 21 IS 2 BP 59 EP 91 DI 10.1080/0735-260291044188 PG 33 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 539DH UT WOS:000174854200001 ER PT J AU Novak, JM Chan, ASK AF Novak, JM Chan, ASK TI Development of P-hyperaccumulator plant strategies to remediate soils with excess P concentrations SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE phosphorus; crop management; phytoextraction; manure; soil; hyperaccumulation ID AFFINITY PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER; PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION; CULTURED-CELLS; POULTRY LITTER; SWINE MANURE; ROOT-GROWTH; KINETICS; CITRATE AB The U.S. livestock industry has evolved to confine a large number of animals on a few farms in concentrated areas in many states. The trend to fewer, larger operations coupled with highly intensive production methods has resulted in more concentration of manure nutrients within relatively small geographic areas. Researchers in these areas have reported that manure production is contributing more phosphorus (P) than available cropland can assimilate. Overapplication. of manure nutrients combined with low P removal rates by many crops is frequently cited as a reason for the accumulation of excess soil P. We propose that higher amounts of soil P can be removed from soil using vegetative management. Soil P concentration can be reduced in fields with excess levels by using P-hyperaccumulator plants or growing plants that have been modified to increase their P-uptake characteristics through traditional breeding and transgenic techniques. In this context, we identify plant properties (root architecture, secretion of organic acids, etc.) that may be improved using these two techniques. C1 ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Novak, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 100 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 11 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 0735-2689 J9 CRIT REV PLANT SCI JI Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. PY 2002 VL 21 IS 5 BP 493 EP 509 DI 10.1080/0735-260291044331 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 607QM UT WOS:000178802300004 ER PT S AU Rajasekaran, K Jacks, TJ Finley, JW AF Rajasekaran, K Jacks, TJ Finley, JW BE Rajasekaran, K Jacks, TJ Finley, JW TI Overview of crop biotechnology SO CROP BIOTECHNOLOGY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Crop Biotechnology held at the 219th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Aagr & Food Chem ID ACQUISITION; CELLS C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Kraft Gen Foods Inc, Glenview, IL 60025 USA. RP Rajasekaran, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3766-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2002 VL 829 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA BW17E UT WOS:000181072300001 ER PT S AU Radin, JW Bretting, PK AF Radin, JW Bretting, PK BE Rajasekaran, K Jacks, TJ Finley, JW TI Defining biotechnology: Increasingly important and increasingly difficult SO CROP BIOTECHNOLOGY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Crop Biotechnology held at the 219th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Aagr & Food Chem C1 USDA ARS, George Washington Carver Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Radin, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, George Washington Carver Ctr, Room 4-2232,5601 Sunnyside Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3766-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2002 VL 829 BP 7 EP 16 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA BW17E UT WOS:000181072300002 ER PT S AU Adamczyk, JJ Hardee, DD AF Adamczyk, JJ Hardee, DD BE Rajasekaran, K Jacks, TJ Finley, JW TI Insect-resistant transgenic crops SO CROP BIOTECHNOLOGY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Crop Biotechnology held at the 219th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Aagr & Food Chem ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS TOXIN; KURSTAKI DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; CORN-BORER LEPIDOPTERA; BOLLWORM LEPIDOPTERA; BEETLE COLEOPTERA; CRYSTAL PROTEINS; TOBACCO BUDWORM; PINK-BOLLWORM; PLANTS; COTTON AB This chapter provides a broad overview of the development of transgenic crops systems for plant-resistance to insects. As of 2001, the only transgenic crops that were commercially available on a worldwide scale were those that contain the Cry proteins from the soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). The impact of Bt on non-target organisms, including mammals and man, economic benefit for growing transgenics, and resistance management strategies designed to preserve this vital technology, are discussed. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Adamczyk, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3766-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2002 VL 829 BP 23 EP 37 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA BW17E UT WOS:000181072300004 ER PT S AU Duke, SO Scheffler, BE Dayan, FE Dyer, WE AF Duke, SO Scheffler, BE Dayan, FE Dyer, WE BE Rajasekaran, K Jacks, TJ Finley, JW TI Genetic engineering crops for improved weed management traits SO CROP BIOTECHNOLOGY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Crop Biotechnology held at the 219th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Aagr & Food Chem ID STRESS TOLERANCE; PLANTS; GLYPHOSATE; ALLELOPATHY; EXPRESSION; RESISTANCE; INHIBITOR; TOBACCO AB Crops may be genetically engineered for weed management purposes by making them more resistant to herbicides or by improving their ability to interfere with competing weeds. Transgenes for bromoxynil, glyphosate, and glufosinate resistance are found in commercially available crops. Other herbicide resistance genes are in development. Glyphosate-resistant crops have had a profound effect on weed management practices in North America, reducing the cost of weed management, while improving flexibility and efficacy. In general, transgenic, herbicide-resistant crops have reduced the environmental impact of weed management because the herbicides with which they are used are generally more environmentally benign and have increased the adoption of reduced-tillage agriculture. Crops could be given an advantage over weeds by making them more competitive or altering their capacity to produce phytotoxins (allelopathy). Strategies for producing allelopathic crops by biotechnology are relatively complex and usually involve multiple genes. One can choose to enhance production of allelochemicals already present in a crop or to impart the production of new compounds. The first strategy involves identification of the allelochemical(s), determination of their respective enzymes and the genes that encode them, and, the use of genetic engineering to enhance production of the compound(s). The latter strategy would alter existing biochemical pathways by inserting transgenes to produce new allelochemicals. C1 USDA ARS, UPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, UPURU, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009; OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3766-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2002 VL 829 BP 52 EP 66 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA BW17E UT WOS:000181072300006 ER PT S AU Rajasekaran, K Cary, JW Jacks, TJ Cleveland, TE AF Rajasekaran, K Cary, JW Jacks, TJ Cleveland, TE BE Rajasekaran, K Jacks, TJ Finley, JW TI Genetic engineering for resistance to phytopathogens SO CROP BIOTECHNOLOGY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Crop Biotechnology held at the 219th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Aagr & Food Chem ID TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS; SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; CONFERS ENHANCED RESISTANCE; ERWINIA-CAROTOVORA SUBSP; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE D4E1; SYRINGAE PV TABACI; ATTACIN-E GENE; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES; FUNGAL PATHOGENS AB Plants are immobile and as such are incapable of escaping attack by insect and microbial pests. Crop losses due to pests can be devastating to the point of creating a famine. Fungal and bacterial pathogens account for the greatest overall losses associated with plant diseases. Well documented examples include the infamous Irish potato famine of 1845 due to Potato Late Blight caused by the fungus Phytophthora infestans, coffee rust caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) in the late 1800s and bacterial rice blight disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae in India in 1979 (1). Not long ago (in the 1970s) corn production in the USA was threatened by a highly aggressive new race of Cochliobolus heterostrophus (race T) and wheat production is currently under threat from Karnal bunt caused by Telletia indica. In addition to yield losses, some fungal pathogens (e.g. Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp.) cause food and feed safety concerns because of their ability to produce the potent mycotoxins, aflatoxin and fumonisin, respectively (2). One of the primary objectives of conventional plant breeding was to develop resistance to plant diseases (3). Results, however, were limited due to the length of time needed to develop varieties through conventional breeding, the lack of suitable donor varieties, and the ability of microbes to adapt by neutralizing plant defense mechanisms. Agrochemicals have been used but their application is limited by several factors including short durability, occurrence of resistance among phytopathogens, toxicity to humans, animals and the fragile environment (3). C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Rajasekaran, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 120 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3766-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2002 VL 829 BP 97 EP 117 PG 21 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA BW17E UT WOS:000181072300009 ER PT S AU Chen, ZY Cleveland, TE Brown, RL Bhatnagar, D Cary, JW Rajasekaran, K AF Chen, ZY Cleveland, TE Brown, RL Bhatnagar, D Cary, JW Rajasekaran, K BE Rajasekaran, K Jacks, TJ Finley, JW TI Corn as a source of antifungal genes for genetic engineering of crops for resistance to aflatoxin contamination SO CROP BIOTECHNOLOGY SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Crop Biotechnology held at the 219th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID RIBOSOME-INACTIVATING PROTEIN; PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS INFECTION; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; MAIZE SEEDS; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FUNGAL GROWTH; METHYL JASMONATE AB Aflatoxins are toxic, highly carcinogenic secondary metabolites of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, produced during fungal infection of a susceptible crop in the field or after harvest, that contaminate food and feed and threaten human and animal health. Natural resistance mechanisms to aflatoxin producing fungi have been identified in corn that could be exploited in plant breeding and/or genetic engineering strategies. Resistant corn lines are being compared to susceptible varieties using proteomics to identify proteins and consequently genes associated with resistance. Antifungal proteins such as ribosomal inactivating proteins, chitinases, protease inhibitors, and lytic peptides have been correlated with increased resistance in corn kernels to invasion by aflatoxigenic fungi. The gene for 14 W trypsin inhibitor (TI), whose increased levels in corn kernels correlated with enhanced resistance to A. flavus, when introduced into tobacco,. greatly enhanced resistance in transformed tobacco plants to attack by Colletotrichum destructivum. Extracts of cotton embryogenic cultures expressing the TI gene product were shown to cause lysis of germinated A. flavus and Verticillium dahliae conidia, in vitro. Comparing resistant corn genotypes to susceptible ones through proteomics, may facilitate the identification of several other resistance-associated proteins. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Chen, ZY (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 103 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3766-2 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2002 VL 829 BP 131 EP 150 PG 20 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA BW17E UT WOS:000181072300011 ER PT S AU Ozias-Akins, P Yang, H Gill, R Fan, H Lynch, RE AF Ozias-Akins, P Yang, H Gill, R Fan, H Lynch, RE BE Rajasekaran, K Jacks, TJ Finley, JW TI Reduction of aflatoxin contamination in peanut: A genetic engineering approach SO CROP BIOTECHNOLOGY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Crop Biotechnology held at the 219th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Aagr & Food Chem ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; ANIONIC PEROXIDASE; PROTEIN GENE; PLANTS; EXPRESSION; TRANSFORMATION; REGENERATION; PROMOTER; TOBACCO AB Development of methods for the introduction of foreign genes into peanut provides an adjunct means to conventional breeding for genetic improvement of the crop for disease resistance. Transformation of peanut is based on microprojectile bombardment of repetitive embryogenic tissue cultures. These cultures can be initiated most efficiently from immature cotyledons or mature embryo axes by culture of the explants on auxin (picloram)-supplemented media. Somatic embryos developing from the primary cultures will undergo repetitive growth when maintained on picloram. Removing auxin from the medium and adding a cytokinin will promote the development of shoots from the somatic embryos. Transformation is accomplished by bombardment of embryogenic cultures with DNA-coated gold particles and selection of transgenic lines on the antibiotic hygromycin. Fewer than 5% of the plants recovered from hygromycin-resistant lines are escapes from selection. Although transformation of peanut by this method is slow, taking approximately 12-14 months, it is highly reproducible and genotype-independent. Aflatoxin contamination of peanut seeds originates with the contaminating fungus, Aspergillus flavus, which is an opportunistic saprophyte. Using genetic engineering,we have initiated a three-tiered approach to reduce 1) access of the fungus to the peanut pod, 2) fungal growth, and 3) aflatoxin biosynthesis. This approach encompasses the introduction of insect and fungal resistance genes, as well as genes whose products may interfere with aflatoxin production. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Ozias-Akins, P (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3766-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2002 VL 829 BP 151 EP 160 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA BW17E UT WOS:000181072300012 ER PT S AU Maleki, SJ Hurlburt, BK AF Maleki, SJ Hurlburt, BK BE Rajasekaran, K Jacks, TJ Finley, JW TI Food allergy: Recent advances in food allergy research SO CROP BIOTECHNOLOGY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Crop Biotechnology held at the 219th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Aagr & Food Chem ID MAJOR PEANUT ALLERGEN; GLYCATION END-PRODUCTS; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L; COWS-MILK-PROTEINS; ARA-H-I; ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; IGE-BINDING; IDENTIFICATION; CHALLENGES; HYDROLYSIS AB Approximately 8% of children and 1-2% of adults have some type of food allergy. Peanuts, fish, tree nuts, and shellfish account for the majority of food hypersensitivity reactions in adults, while peanuts, milk, and eggs cause over 80% of food hypersensitivity reactions in children. Unlike the food hypersensitivity reactions to milk and eggs, peanut allergy is often severe, persists into adulthood, lasts for a lifetime and seems to be increasing in prevalence. Food allergies will be discussed as a growing concern and a public health issue. In addition, the current statistics, prevalence, and known symptoms of food allergies will be addressed. Food allergy research lags far behind the aeroallergen studies and the most advanced research in the area of food allergies has been performed on peanuts. Therefore, the final section of the chapter is dedicated to some of the most recent research in the area of peanut allergy. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Dept Food Proc & Sensory Qual, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Maleki, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Dept Food Proc & Sensory Qual, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3766-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2002 VL 829 BP 192 EP 204 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA BW17E UT WOS:000181072300015 ER PT S AU Pattee, HE Isleib, TG Giesbrecht, FG Cui, Z AF Pattee, HE Isleib, TG Giesbrecht, FG Cui, Z BE Rajasekaran, K Jacks, TJ Finley, JW TI Prediction of parental genetic compatibility to enhance flavor attributes of peanuts SO CROP BIOTECHNOLOGY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Crop Biotechnology held at the 219th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Aagr & Food Chem ID SINGLE-CROSS PERFORMANCE; LINEAR UNBIASED PREDICTIONS; MAIZE; SELECTION; YIELD; STABILITY; VARIANCE AB As future advances in transformation technology allow insertion of useful genes into a broader array of target genotypes, the choice of targets will become more important. Targets should be genotypes that will pass to their progeny other useful characteristics, such as sensory quality characteristics, while improving agronomic performance or pest resistance. This is particularly important if flavor quality is to be maintained or improved as the transgene is moved into breeding populations via sexual transfer. Selection of genotypes with superior breeding values through the use of Best Linear Unbiased Prediction procedures (BLUPs) is discussed and using a database of sensory attributes on 250 peanut cultivars and breeding lines, the application of BLUP procedures to the selection of parents for improvement of roasted peanut and sweet attributes in breeding of peanut cultivars is illustrated. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Pattee, HE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res Unit, Campus Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3766-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2002 VL 829 BP 217 EP 230 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry GA BW17E UT WOS:000181072300017 ER PT J AU Collaku, A Harrison, SA Finney, PL Van Sanford, DA AF Collaku, A Harrison, SA Finney, PL Van Sanford, DA TI Clustering of environments of southern soft red winter wheat region for milling and baking quality attributes SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CULTIVAR PERFORMANCE; CLASSIFICATION; GENOTYPE AB Division of regional nursery test sites into homogenous subregions contributes to more efficient evaluation and better differentiation of cultivars. Data from the Uniform Southern Soft Red Winter Wheat Nursery (USSRWWN) were analyzed to group testing sites into relatively homogenous subregions for milling and baking quality (MBQ) attributes. Environmental effects due to years accounted for over 50% of the total variation for protein content (P) and 42% for alkaline water retention capacity (AWRC). Genotype effect accounted for 63% of the total variation for softness equivalence (SE), and 37% for flour yield (FLY). A significant genotype X location (G X L) interaction occurred for FLY and P. However, the G x L variance component accounted for a small proportion of the total phenotypic variance, suggesting that clustering would be more beneficial for resource efficiency than for increasing differentiation of genotypes. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to group locations on the basis of G X L interaction effects for FLY, P, AWRC, and SE. Cluster analysis divided the USSRWWN into two main subregions within which the G X L interaction was reduced by over 90% for FLY and by 60% for P. Although this classification is not entirely consistent with the geographic distribution of locations, clusters do follow general geographic-climatic-disease regions. Our results suggest that the USSRWWN can be divided into subregions to reduce the resources expended on evaluation of MBQ attributes. This classification of locations could be useful in breeding for specific adaptability within subregions. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Dept Agron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Collaku, A (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 58 EP 63 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 511ZE UT WOS:000173296000008 PM 11756254 ER PT J AU Polley, HW AF Polley, HW TI Implications of atmospheric and climatic change for crop yield and water use efficiency SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT; SOYBEAN CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS; INCREASING GROWTH TEMPERATURE; OPEN-TOP CHAMBERS; ELEVATED CO2; ROOT-GROWTH; WINTER-WHEAT; PLANT-RESPONSES; SOIL-WATER AB Yield of water-limited crops is determined by crop water use and by plant water use efficiency, each of which will be affected by the anticipated rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and concomitant increase in temperature. At the leaf level, a given proportional increase in CO2 concentration generally elicits a similar relative increase in transpiration efficiency (ratio of net photosynthesis to transpiration). The increase in transpiration efficiency may result both from an increase in photosynthetic rate and a decrease in stomatal conductance. Feedbacks involved in scaling from leaf to crop constrain the increase in net carbon gain and reduce the anti-transpiration effect of CO2 enrichment. As a result, the increase in crop water use efficiency at high CO2 typically is less than 75% of that measured at the leaf level. By accelerating crop development and reducing harvest index, higher temperatures often erode yield benefits of improved water use efficiency at high CO2. The fraction of available water that is used by crops could increase with CO2 concentration because of greater root growth and faster canopy closure, but these effects have received scant study. Field experiments indicate that CO2 enrichment will increase crop water use efficiency mainly by increasing photosynthesis and growth. Yield should be most responsive to CO2 when temperatures approximate the optimum for crop growth. Elevating CO2 can ameliorate negative effects of above-optimal temperatures, but temperatures near the upper limit for crops will depress yields irrespective of CO2 concentration. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Polley, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 93 TC 67 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 22 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 131 EP 140 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 511ZE UT WOS:000173296000017 PM 11756263 ER PT J AU Osborne, SL Schepers, JS Francis, DD Schlemmer, MR AF Osborne, SL Schepers, JS Francis, DD Schlemmer, MR TI Use of spectral radiance to estimate in-season biomass and grain yield in nitrogen- and water-stressed corn SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPHYLL METER; REFLECTANCE; LEAVES; WHEAT; INDEXES; CANOPY; GROWTH; SOIL AB Current technologies for measuring plant water status are limited, while recently remote sensing techniques for estimating N status have increased with limited research on the interaction between the two stresses. Because plant water status methods are time-consuming and require numerous observations to characterize a field, managers could benefit from remote sensing techniques to assist in irrigation and N management decisions. A 2-yr experiment was initiated to determine specific wavelengths and/or combinations of wavelengths indicative of water stress and N deficiencies, and to evaluate these wavelengths for estimating in-season biomass and corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield. The experiment was a split-plot design with three replications. The treatment structure had five N rates (0, 45, 90, 134, and 269 kg N ha(-1)) and three water treatments [dry-land, 0.5 evapotranspiration (ET), and full ET]. Canopy spectral radiance measurements (350-2500 nm) were taken at various growth stages (V6-V7, V13-VI6, and V14-R1). Specific wavelengths for estimating crop biomass, N concentration, grain yield, and chlorophyll meter readings changed with growth stage and sampling date. Changes in total N and biomass in the presence or a water stress were estimated using near-infrared (NIR) reflectance and the water absorption bands. Reflectance in the green and N[R regions were used to estimate total N and biomass without water stress. Reflectance at 510, 705, and 1135 am were found for estimating chlorophyll meter readings regardless or year or sampling date. C1 USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Osborne, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Grain Insects Res Lab, 2923 Medary Ave, Brookings, SD 57006 USA. NR 25 TC 87 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 19 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 165 EP 171 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 511ZE UT WOS:000173296000022 PM 11756268 ER PT J AU Sanderson, MA Skinner, RH Elwinger, GF AF Sanderson, MA Skinner, RH Elwinger, GF TI Seedling development and field performance of prairiegrass, grazing bromegrass, and orchardgrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TALL FESCUE; GRASS; GROWTH; RYEGRASS; ROOT AB Seedling establishment is a critical phase in pasture management. Knowledge of the seedling development of new forages is necessary to develop management practices and recommend species mixtures for pasture seedings. We compared seedling growth and development of prairiegrass (Bromus willdenowii Kunth = B. catharticus Vahl), grazing bromegrass (B. stamineus Desv.), and orchardgrass (Dactlylis glomerata L.) in controlled environment and field studies. Seedlings were sampled weekly for 7 wk in the growth chamber and greenhouse beginning 8 to 10 d after planting (DAP). The number and mass of leaves and roots were recorded. In the field, leaf development was measured during spring and fall of 1997, and leaf and root development were measured during spring and fall of 1999. Forage dry matter (DM) yield was measured in clipped field plots during 1998 to 2000. Grazing bromegrass had more leases, about twice the number of tillers per seedling, and a greater seedling mass than other grassed. Grazing bromegrass also had 50 to 100% more tillers m(-2) than other grasses in clipped field plots. The larger seedling size and greater tiller density, however, did not translate into greater yield in clipped plots. Grazing bromegrass yielded 10 to 15% less than orchardgrass or prairiegrass. Because of their large seedlings and rapid development, prairiegrass and grazing bromegrass probably should be used at a lower seeding rate or perhaps not used in seed mixtures with small-seeded grasses. Seedlings of these grasses should be fully established by 40 to 50 DAP under favorable moisture and temperatures in the spring and late summer. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 224 EP 230 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 511ZE UT WOS:000173296000032 PM 11756278 ER PT J AU Fisher, DS Mayland, HF Burns, JC AF Fisher, DS Mayland, HF Burns, JC TI Variation in ruminant preference for alfalfa hays cut at sunup and sundown SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SHEEP AB Diurnal variation in the concentration of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) occurs in plants as a result of photosynthesis. Ruminants have been shown to prefer tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber) hays cut in the afternoon but the effect of morning vs. evening cutting had not been tested in legumes. To test for diurnal variation in preference for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), we harvested six times in the midbud stage. Harvests were paired so that each time a cutting of alfalfa was made at sundown (PM) another was made the next morning at sunup (AM). We harvested in this manner three times resulting in six hays. The bay, were field dried, baled, and chopped prior to their use 3 to 6 mo after ban est. Three experiments were conducted [Exp. 1, sheep (Ovis aries); Exp. 2, goats (Capra hircus hircus); and Exp. 3, cattle (Bos taurus)] utilizing six animals in each case. During an adaptation phase, hays were offered alone as meals. In the experimental phase, every possible pair of bays (15 pairs) was presented for a meal. Data were analyzed by multidimensional scaling as well as by traditional analyses. Multidimensional scaling indicated that the animals were basing selection on at least two criteria. Variables associated with preference through multiple regression varied across experiments but significant coefficients were found between preference and nitrate, protein, carbohydrate fractions, lignin, and cellulose. Coefficients varied depending on which other variables were in the model; however, carbohydrates were associated with positive coefficients. Shifting hay mowing from early in the day to late in the day was effective in increasing forage preference as expressed by short-term dry matter intake. C1 USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. USDA ARS, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Fisher, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 14 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 231 EP 237 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 511ZE UT WOS:000173296000033 PM 11756279 ER PT J AU Jeong, SC Kristipati, S Hayes, AJ Maughan, PJ Noffsinger, SL Gunduz, I Buss, GR Maroof, MAS AF Jeong, SC Kristipati, S Hayes, AJ Maughan, PJ Noffsinger, SL Gunduz, I Buss, GR Maroof, MAS TI Genetic and sequence analysis of markers tightly linked to the soybean mosaic virus resistance gene, Rsv3 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STEM-TIP NECROSIS; INHERITANCE; LINKAGE; POPULATION; CLUSTER; STRAINS; PLANTS; AFLP; RFLP; MAP AB Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a major viral pathogen, affecting soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production worldwide. The Rsv3 gene of soybean confers resistance to three of the most virulent strains (G5-G7) of SMV. The objectives of this study were to map Rsv3 and develop polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) purposes. Disease-response data were collected from two F-2 mapping populations, L29 (Rsv3) X Lec68 (rsv3) and Tousan 140 (Rsv3) X Lec68 (rsv3). Bulk segregant analysis based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers demonstrated that the Rsv3 locus maps to the soybean molecular linkage group (MLG) B2 between restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers A519 and Mng247. These two tightly linked RFLP markers were converted to PCR-based markers to expedite MAS. Sequence analysis of the Mng247 genomic region revealed similarity to the consensus sequence of a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) characteristic of the extracellular LRR class of disease resistance genes. Results from this study will be useful in pyramiding viral resistance genes and in cloning the Rsv3 gene. C1 Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Monsanto Co, Ankeny, IA 50021 USA. USDA ARS, Small Fruits Res Unit, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Maroof, MAS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Maughan, Peter/G-1600-2013 NR 37 TC 65 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 265 EP 270 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 511ZE UT WOS:000173296000038 PM 11756284 ER PT J AU Johnson, RC Bradley, VL Evans, MA AF Johnson, RC Bradley, VL Evans, MA TI Effective population size during grass germplasm seed regeneration SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC CONSERVATION AB Effective population size (N-e) is the key parameter for predicting genetic drift associated with germplasm regeneration. A major factor reducing N-e below the census population size (N-c) is variation in seed production among plants in a given population. The objectives of this studs were to estimate N-e/N-e associated with variation in seed production in three model wind pollinated, perennial grass species [Lolium perenne L., Festuca pratensis Huds., and Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Love] and to recommend cost effective sampling methodology to maximize N-e/N-c during seed regeneration. Three accessions of each species were grown at two field locations and variation in seed number among plants and mean seed production per plant used to estimate N-e/N-c. Mean seeds per whole plant, standard deviations, and N-e/N-c differed among species, and accessions within species (P < 0.05). For whole plant samples, average N-e/N-c for each species differed with values of 0.42, 0.51, and 0.63 for L. perenne, F. pratensis, and P. spicata, respectively. However, average N-e/N-c based on two inflorescences per plant was 0.69, 0.88, and 0.86 for L. perenne, F. pratensis, and P. spicata, respectively which was higher than that of whole plant samples. This higher N-e/N-c resulted from the elimination of the variation in inflorescence number per plant, a major source of variation in seed number among plants. The results showed the high potential for genetic drift in small regeneration populations, Increased plant populations and harvesting a constant number of inflorescences per plant are recommended as cost-effective methods to minimize genetic drift during regeneration of outcrossing grass germplasm. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Program Stat, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Johnson, RC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 286 EP 290 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 511ZE UT WOS:000173296000041 PM 11756287 ER PT J AU Muehlbauer, FJ AF Muehlbauer, FJ TI Registration of 'Shawnee' yellow dry pea SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 303 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 299 EP 299 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 511ZE UT WOS:000173296000043 PM 11756289 ER PT J AU Muehlbauer, FJ AF Muehlbauer, FJ TI Registration of 'Fallon' yellow dry pea SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 303 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 299 EP 300 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 511ZE UT WOS:000173296000044 PM 11756289 ER PT J AU Muehlbauer, FJ AF Muehlbauer, FJ TI Registration of 'Joel' green dry pea SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 300 EP 301 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 511ZE UT WOS:000173296000045 PM 11756291 ER PT J AU Muehlbauer, FJ Kaiser, WJ AF Muehlbauer, FJ Kaiser, WJ TI Registration of 'Evans' chickpea SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM muehlbau@wsu.edu NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 301 EP 301 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 511ZE UT WOS:000173296000046 PM 11756292 ER PT J AU Muehlbauer, FJ AF Muehlbauer, FJ TI Registration of 'Mason' lentil SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Muehlbauer, FJ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 301 EP 302 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 511ZE UT WOS:000173296000047 PM 11756292 ER PT J AU Murphy, JP Navarro, RA Leath, S Bowman, DT AF Murphy, JP Navarro, RA Leath, S Bowman, DT TI Registration of 'NC Hulless' oat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Murphy, JP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 311 EP 311 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 511ZE UT WOS:000173296000058 PM 11756304 ER PT J AU Stalker, HT Lynch, RE AF Stalker, HT Lynch, RE TI Registration of four insect-resistant peanut germplasm lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Mgmt Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Stalker, HT (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 3 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 313 EP 314 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 511ZE UT WOS:000173296000061 PM 11756307 ER PT J AU Yu, MH AF Yu, MH TI Registration of M1-2 beet germplasm resistant to root-knot nematode SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, PWA, US Agr Res Stn, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Yu, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, PWA, US Agr Res Stn, Crop Improvement & Protect Res Unit, 1696 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 317 EP 318 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 511ZE UT WOS:000173296000064 PM 11756310 ER PT J AU Sleper, DA Mayland, HF Crawford, RJ Shewmaker, GE Massie, MD AF Sleper, DA Mayland, HF Crawford, RJ Shewmaker, GE Massie, MD TI Registration of HiMag tall fescue germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CULTIVARS; CATTLE C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, SW Res Ctr, Mt Vernon, MO 65712 USA. USDA ARS, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Univ Idaho, Twin Falls, ID 83303 USA. RP Sleper, DA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 318 EP 319 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 511ZE UT WOS:000173296000065 PM 11756311 ER PT J AU Lewellen, RT AF Lewellen, RT TI Registration of high sucrose, rhizomania resistant sugarbeet germplasm line CZ25-9 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Lewellen, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 3 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 320 EP 321 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 511ZE UT WOS:000173296000068 PM 11756314 ER PT J AU Lewellen, RT AF Lewellen, RT TI Registration of monogerm rhizornania resistant sugarbeet parental lines C833-5 and C833-5CMS SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. RP Lewellen, RT (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Agr Res Stn, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 321 EP 322 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 511ZE UT WOS:000173296000069 PM 11756315 ER PT J AU Kuzina, LV Miller, ED Ge, BX Miller, TA AF Kuzina, LV Miller, ED Ge, BX Miller, TA TI Transformation of Enterobacter gergoviae isolated from pink bollworm (Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae) gut with Bacillus thuringiensis toxin SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRUIT-FLIES DIPTERA; PECTINOPHORA-GOSSYPIELLA; CRYSTAL PROTEIN; 20-KILODALTON PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; BACTERIA; TEPHRITIDAE; ATTRACTION; COTTON AB Production of molecules with toxic activity by genetically transformed symbiotic bacteria of pest insects may serve as a powerful approach to biological control. The symbiont, Enterobacter gergoviae, isolated from the gut of the pink bollworm (PBW), has been transformed to express Cyt1A, a cytolytic protein toxin lethal to mosquito and black fly larvae, as a model system. These transgenic bacteria might be used to spread genes encoding insecticidal proteins to populations of agricultural insects or as replacement for chemical insecticides such as malathion used in bait formulation to control specific insect pests, because of extreme public pressure against organophosphate pesticide spraying. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA, APHIS,Phoenix Plant Protect Ctr, PPQ, PPPC, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Kuzina, LV (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RI Miller, Thomas/F-7512-2012 NR 39 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 44 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1007/s00284-001-0065-x PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 511QH UT WOS:000173276700001 PM 11727033 ER PT J AU Varel, VH AF Varel, VH TI Carvacrol and thymol reduce swine waste odor and pathogens: Stability of oils SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIVESTOCK WASTE; BACILLUS-CEREUS; DEGRADATION; COMPONENTS; EMISSIONS AB An incomplete anoxic fermentation of livestock waste results in offensive odor emissions. Antimicrobial additives may be useful in controlling odor emissions and pathogens. Natural antimicrobial compounds, carvacrol or thymol at 16.75 mM (2.5 g/l) completely inhibited the production of the offensive odor compounds, isobutyrate, valerate, isovalerate, and cresol, and significantly reduced other short-chain volatile fatty acids and gas emissions from swine waste. Fecal coliforms were reduced from 6.3 X 10(6) to 1.0 X 10(3) cells per ml 2 days after treatment with carvacrol (13.3 mM) and were not detectable within 14 days. Total culturable anaerobic bacteria were reduced from 12.4 X 10(10) to 7.2 X 10(8) cells per ml after 2 days and were suppressed below this level for 28 days. Lactate production was not prevalent in untreated swine waste indicating that the microbial populations differ from those in cattle waste. Carvacrol and thymol were stable in swine waste under anoxic conditions for 62 days with 90 to 95% of the additive being recovered in the waste solids. In conclusion, carvacrol and thymol are not metabolized in anoxic swine waste and they are potentially useful in controlling odor emissions and pathogens in swine waste. C1 USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Varel, VH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 18 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 44 IS 1 BP 38 EP 43 DI 10.1007/s00284-001-0071-z PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 511QH UT WOS:000173276700007 PM 11727039 ER PT J AU Leeb, T Rohrer, GA AF Leeb, T Rohrer, GA TI Characterization and chromosome assignment of the porcine AHCY gene for S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID L-HOMOCYSTEINE HYDROLASE; GENOME; MAP; LOCALIZATION; SEQUENCE; PIGS AB The gene for S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY) is involved in the regulation of cellular methylation reactions. Here we report the cloning, sequencing, and chromosomal assignment of the porcine AHCY gene. The gene consists of 10 exons spanning approximately 19 kb of genomic DNA. It encodes a protein of 432 amino acids that shows about 96% identity to the orthologous S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolases from human, rat, and mouse. The porcine AHCY gene is located very close to the agouti signaling protein gene (ASIP) on SSC17q21. The chromosomal localization was subsequently confirmed by RH mapping and the genetic mapping of an intragenic microsatellite that maps to 57 cM on the linkage map of SSC 17. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Hannover Sch Vet Med, Inst Anim Breeding & Genet, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. ARS, USDA, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Leeb, T (reprint author), Hannover Sch Vet Med, Inst Anim Breeding & Genet, Bunteweg 17P, D-30559 Hannover, Germany. RI Leeb, Tosso/G-3187-2014 OI Leeb, Tosso/0000-0003-0553-4880 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2002 VL 97 IS 1-2 BP 116 EP 119 DI 10.1159/000064066 PG 4 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 607BW UT WOS:000178771400021 PM 12438749 ER PT J AU Antoniou, E Gallagher, D Taylor, J Davis, S Womack, J Grosz, M AF Antoniou, E Gallagher, D Taylor, J Davis, S Womack, J Grosz, M TI A comparative map of bovine chromosome 25 with human chromosomes 7 and 16 SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RADIATION HYBRID MAP; STATISTICAL-METHODS; HUMAN GENOMES; LINKAGE MAP; CATTLE; HYBRIDIZATION; DNA AB A comparative genome map is necessary for the implementation of comparative positional candidate gene cloning in cattle. We have developed a medium density comparative gene map of bovine chromosome 25 (BTA25). A radiation hybrid (RH) panel was used to map nine microsatellites and nine genes. Eight of the nine comparative loci were also mapped by FISH. These results were combined with data from published articles to create a comprehensive comparative map of BTA25 with human chromosomes 7 (HSA7) and 16 (HSA16). This map should facilitate the cloning of genes of interest on bovine chromosome 25. C1 Univ Missouri, Anim Sci Res Ctr S 140, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, USDA, Miles City, MT USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX USA. RII Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Monsanto Co, Anim Agr Grp, St Louis, MO USA. RP Antoniou, E (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Anim Sci Res Ctr S 140, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2002 VL 97 IS 1-2 BP 128 EP 132 DI 10.1159/000064041 PG 5 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 607BW UT WOS:000178771400023 PM 12438751 ER PT J AU Reed, KM Ihara, N Mariani, P Mendoza, KM Jensen, LE Bellavia, R de Leon, FAP Bennett, GL Sugimoto, Y Beattie, CW AF Reed, KM Ihara, N Mariani, P Mendoza, KM Jensen, LE Bellavia, R de Leon, FAP Bennett, GL Sugimoto, Y Beattie, CW TI High-resolution genetic map of bovine chromosome 29 through focused marker development SO CYTOGENETIC AND GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PREGNANCY-ASSOCIATED GLYCOPROTEIN-1; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; DNA LIBRARY; CATTLE; HYBRIDIZATION; FAMILY; REGION; LOCI AB Chromosome-specific libraries aid in the development of genetic maps and focus marker development in areas of the genome with identified quantitative trait loci (QTL). A small-insert BTA29 library constructed by microdissection of a 1:29 Rb-fusion cell line, was screened for dinucleotide repeats (CA)(15) and/or (GA)(15) with the goal of generating new genetic markers for this, the smallest bovine autosome. A total of 90 primer pairs were designed and 82 of these successfully amplified bovine genomic DNA by PCR. In addition to these 82 loci, primer pairs were developed for nine putative genes identified from the sequenced clones by BLAST searches of GenBank. A somatic cell panel was used to test for synteny of the new loci with two previously mapped BTA29 markers located on the MARC bovine linkage map. A total of 75 of the 82 microsatellite (ms) loci were integrated into the MARC bovine linkage map. Linkage analysis placed 69 ms markers on BTA29, five on BTAX and one on BTA1. Combined results of the somatic cell and linkage analyses place 79 new markers (ms and gene-related) on BTA29, six loci on BTAX and two loci on BTAL The results of this effort significantly increase the marker density on BTA29, expanding the ability to fine map QTL associated with this chromosome. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Anim Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Shirakawa Int Anim Genet Odakura, Fukushima, Japan. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Anim Biotechnol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Reed, KM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, 295 ASVM,1988 Fitch Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. OI Ponce de Leon, Federico/0000-0001-8645-553X NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8581 J9 CYTOGENET GENOME RES JI Cytogenet. Genome Res. PY 2002 VL 96 IS 1-4 BP 210 EP 216 DI 10.1159/000063026 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 606JW UT WOS:000178731700030 PM 12438801 ER PT B AU Shields, DJ AF Shields, DJ BE Fabbri, AG Gaal, G McCammon, RB TI A hierarchical model of collaborative resource management SO DEPOSIT AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL MODELS FOR RESOURCE EXPLOITATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 2: ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO-Advanced-Study-Institute on Deposit and Geoenvironmental Models for Resource Exploitation and Environmental Security CY SEP 06-19, 1998 CL MATRAHAZA, HUNGARY SP NATO, Sci Affairs Div, Int Inst Aerosp Survey & Earth Sci, US Geol Survey, Geol Survey Finland, Hungarian Geol Survey, Geol Inst Hungary ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; VALUES; POLICY; PERSPECTIVE; ATTITUDES; CHOICE AB This contribution describes a quantitative tool designed to support resource management decision-making. The Hierarchical Model of Resource Management is based on the assumption that the publics' objectives' for resource management are a function of their values and further, that influence flows down, whereas information with respect to the state of the world and the consequences of fulfilling objectives flows back up. The purpose of the Hierarchical Model is to facilitate the public participation process. It can be quantified with either a measurement approach or a preference approach. The measurement model provides a means for linking values to behaviors and has been derived from the traditional values-attitudes-behaviors framework widely accepted in social psychology and consumer behavior literature. Data are collected via survey and analyzed using a variety of mathematical and statistical methods, including structural equations, clustering and descriptive statistics. The preference model provides a means for linking objectives for natural resource management to choices among potential implementation strategies. The approach is based on decision theoretic methods that are widely used to evaluate alternatives involving multiple objectives. This approach follows a path from strategic objectives to fundamental and means objectives, to preference functions, ending with preference ordering and choice. The measurement and preference paths run in parallel, but have significant differences that are explained in the text. Finally, the Hierarchical model is placed within a recursive decision framework that is based on the principles of adaptive management. The range of information provided by the two approaches for quantifying the Hierarchical Model provide information that will be essential if public preferences are to incorporated into resource management decision making. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect St, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. EM dshields@lamar.colostate.edu NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0989-5 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 2 ENV PY 2002 VL 80 BP 215 EP 241 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BW60P UT WOS:000182552500011 ER PT S AU Illman, B Dowd, B Holaday, R AF Illman, B Dowd, B Holaday, R BE Bonse, U TI Synchrotron tomography of a boreal forest bark beetle SO DEVELOPMENTS IN X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Developments in X-Ray Tomography CY AUG 02-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE synchrotron; microtomography; beetle; fungi AB The tomography beamline X27A at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory was used to study the destructive spruce bark beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby). The x-ray computed microtomography (CMT) instrument is equipped with filtered "white" x-ray beam with energy of around 18 keV and, alternatively, a monochromatic beam with energy of around 4 to 14 keV and a 1% band pass. The instrument records microtomographic volumes with 10(8) to 10(9) voxels and spatial resolution down to about 3-micron voxels. Three-dimensional image reconstruction provides density and spatial information about solid heterogeneous forms. We have demonstrated that CMT images can be used to non destructively characterize the internal structure of the beetle symbiont fungal complex as part of an effort to understand the role of these organisms in the devastation of spruce forests throughout south-central Alaska. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Forest Prod Lab, USDA Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Illman, B (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Forest Prod Lab, USDA Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4217-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4503 BP 172 EP 177 DI 10.1117/12.452842 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BU16C UT WOS:000175177400019 ER PT J AU Rangaswamy, V Hernandez-Guzman, G Shufran, KA Bender, CL AF Rangaswamy, V Hernandez-Guzman, G Shufran, KA Bender, CL TI Analysis of rILERS, an isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase gene associated with mupirocin production by Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB 10586 SO DNA SEQUENCE LA English DT Article DE isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase; plasposon; polyketide; pseudomonic acid ID TRANSFER-RNA-SYNTHETASE; 2-COMPONENT REGULATORY SYSTEM; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RESISTANCE; ACID; IDENTIFICATION; CLONING; BINDING AB Some strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens produce the antibiotic mupirocin, which functions as a competitive inhibitor of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (ILERS). Mupirocin-producing strains of P. fluorescens must overcome the inhibitory effects of the antibiotic to avoid self-suicide. However, it is not clear how P. fluorescens protects itself from the toxic effects of mupirocin. In this report, we describe a second gene encoding isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase ( rILERS ) in P. fluorescens that is associated with the mupirocin biosynthetic gene cluster. Random mutagenesis of the mupirocin-producing strain, P. fluorescens 10586, resulted in a mupirocin-defective mutant disrupted in a region with similarity to ILERS, the target site for mupirocin. The ILERS gene described in the present study was sequenced and shown to be encoded by a 3093 bp ORF, which is 264 bp larger than the ILERS gene previously identified in P. fluorescens 10586. rILERS from P. fluorescens is most closely related to prokaryotic or eukaryotic sources of ILERS that are resistant to mupirocin. Interestingly, the relatedness between rILERS and the ILERS previously described in P. fluorescens 10586 was low (24% similarity), which indicates that P. fluorescens contains two isoforms of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Noble Res Ctr 127, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. ARS, USDA, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. RP Rangaswamy, V (reprint author), SSO, RPL, Reliance Life Sci, Annexe 4, Jamnagar 361140, Gujarat, India. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-5179 J9 DNA SEQUENCE JI DNA Seq. PY 2002 VL 13 IS 6 BP 343 EP 351 DI 10.1080/1042517021000033399 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 626VV UT WOS:000179895300004 PM 12652905 ER PT S AU Van Rensburg, HG Mason, PW AF Van Rensburg, HG Mason, PW BE Gibbs, EPJ Bokma, BH TI Construction and evaluation of a recombinant foot-and-mouth disease virus - Implications for inactivated vaccine production SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL/WILDLIFE INTERFACE: ISSUE FOR DISEASE CONTROL, CONSERVATION, SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION, AND EMERGING DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wildlife and Livestock, Disease and Sustainability CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL PILANESBERG NATL PK, SOUTH AFRICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Wildlife Dis Assoc, Bayer, Merial Anim Hlth, Novartis, Pfizer, USDA, Wellcom Trust DE South African Territories (SAT); custom-made vaccines; chimeric viruses ID SOUTHERN AFRICA AB The South African Territories (SAT) types of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) show marked genomic and antigenic variation throughout sub-Saharan Africa. This variation is geographically linked and requires the use of custom-made vaccines. Adaptation of field isolates as vaccine strains is cumbersome, time consuming, and expensive. As an alternative to the adaptation process, the construction of recombinant FMD viruses followed by the production of conventional, inactivated vaccines utilizing these viruses is proposed. The advantage of such a strategy would be the ability to manipulate the antigenicity of these viruses by substituting the antigenic coding regions (i.e., structural proteins) of a full-length cDNA clone of a suitable strain. A chimeric cDNA clone between types A and SAT 2 was constructed by inserting the external capsid-coding region of the vaccine strain ZIM/7/83/2 into the genetic backbone of the A12 cDNA clone. Preliminary evaluation of the recombinant FMD virus revealed a slower growth rate for the recombinant than the parental ZIM/7/83/2, although similar antigen yields could be obtained. The chimera was found to be thermally less stable than the parental strain, suggesting it to be an inferior strain for inactivated vaccine production. C1 Onderstepoort Vet Inst, Exot Dis Div, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Van Rensburg, HG (reprint author), Onderstepoort Vet Inst, Exot Dis Div, Private Bag X05, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. RI O'Neill, Hester/G-1607-2014 OI O'Neill, Hester/0000-0002-5044-6081 NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-438-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2002 VL 969 BP 83 EP 87 PG 5 WC Immunology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BV61H UT WOS:000179507800014 PM 12381568 ER PT S AU Goff, WL Johnson, WC Tuo, W Valdez, RA Parish, SM Barrington, GM Davis, WC AF Goff, WL Johnson, WC Tuo, W Valdez, RA Parish, SM Barrington, GM Davis, WC BE Gibbs, EPJ Bokma, BH TI Age-related innate immune response in calves to Babesia bovis involves IL-12 induction and IL-10 modulation SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL/WILDLIFE INTERFACE: ISSUE FOR DISEASE CONTROL, CONSERVATION, SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION, AND EMERGING DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wildlife and Livestock, Disease and Sustainability CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL PILANESBERG NATL PK, SOUTH AFRICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Wildlife Dis Assoc, Bayer, Merial Anim Hlth, Novartis, Pfizer, USDA, Wellcom Trust DE innate immune response; Babesia bovis; spleen; interleukin-12; interleukin-10 ID IFN-GAMMA; IN-VITRO AB There is a strong innate immunity in calves to infection with Babesia bovis. Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-10 have been shown in vitro to be important immunoregulatory cytokines. Here we demonstrate in vivo that the protective innate response in young calves to infection with virulent B. bovis involves the early appearance of IL-12 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) transcripts in the spleen. In contrast, IL-12 and IFN-gamma mRNA expression in the spleens of adult cattle that succumbed to the infection was delayed and depressed and occurred within the context of IL-10 expression. Also in contrast with calves, there was no detectable antibody response before death in adults. A vigorous CD8(+) T-cell expansion occurred in the spleens of both calves and adults. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, ADRU, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Goff, WL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, ADRU, POB 646630,3003 ADBF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-438-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2002 VL 969 BP 164 EP 168 PG 5 WC Immunology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BV61H UT WOS:000179507800030 PM 12381584 ER PT S AU McCluskey, BJ Mumford, EL Salman, MD Traub-Dargatz, JJ AF McCluskey, BJ Mumford, EL Salman, MD Traub-Dargatz, JJ BE Gibbs, EPJ Bokma, BH TI Use of sentinel herds to study the epidemiology of vesicular stomatitis in the state of Colorado SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL/WILDLIFE INTERFACE: ISSUE FOR DISEASE CONTROL, CONSERVATION, SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION, AND EMERGING DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wildlife and Livestock, Disease and Sustainability CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL PILANESBERG NATL PK, SOUTH AFRICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Wildlife Dis Assoc, Bayer, Merial Anim Hlth, Novartis, Pfizer, USDA, Wellcom Trust DE sentinel herds; vesicular stomatitis; arthropod vectors ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NEW-JERSEY SEROTYPE; LUTZOMYIA-SHANNONI DIPTERA; VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; PSYCHODIDAE; GEORGIA AB Approximately 20 sentinel premises in Colorado were visited quarterly during a 3-year prospective study to investigate the persistence of VS viruses in horses. A survey to assess management practices, health events, animal movements and environmental data was completed at each visit. Collection of serum samples and oral swabs along with a clinical examination of sentinel horses were performed at each visit. Serum samples were tested by 2 or more of 4 available serological tests. The data collected for two years (August 1998 to August 2000) are reported here. During this period there was seroconversion in I and 8 horses based on capture IgM tests for seroytpes New Jersey and Indiana, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated for those premises with horses that seroconverted and the mean survival time was 4.17 quarters (range 1.85-7.0). The occurrence of seroconversions during periods when no clinical disease was observed suggests the persistence of vesicular stomatitis viruses in the environment of the sentinel premises. C1 USDA, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP McCluskey, BJ (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, 2150 Ctr Ave,Bldg B,Mail Stop 2E7, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-438-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2002 VL 969 BP 205 EP 209 PG 5 WC Immunology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BV61H UT WOS:000179507800038 PM 12381592 ER PT S AU Kimber, KR Lubroth, J Dubovi, EJ Berninger, ML Demaar, TW AF Kimber, KR Lubroth, J Dubovi, EJ Berninger, ML Demaar, TW BE Gibbs, EPJ Bokma, BH TI Serologic survey of selected viral, bacterial, and protozoal agents in captive and free-ranging ungulates from central Kenya SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL/WILDLIFE INTERFACE: ISSUE FOR DISEASE CONTROL, CONSERVATION, SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION, AND EMERGING DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wildlife and Livestock, Disease and Sustainability CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL PILANESBERG NATL PK, SOUTH AFRICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Wildlife Dis Assoc, Bayer, Merial Anim Hlth, Novartis, Pfizer, USDA, Wellcom Trust DE serology; zebra; antelope; giraffe; epidemiology; wildlife; survey; disease ID NATIONAL-PARK; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; BRUCELLA; TANZANIA; BUFFALO; CATTLE; ZEBRA AB Serologic evidence of exposure to various disease agents in free-ranging and captive ungulates at a private game ranch in Kenya is presented, and seroprevalence values inside a fenced-in area are compared with those found on the adjacent open savanna. Zebras outside the fence had a higher prevalence of equine rhinovirus-1 than zebras inside (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.007); for all other species and all other agents, there was no such difference (P > 0.10). Results highlight possible transmission of these agents from domestic species into wildlife or vice versa at our study site. C1 Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Lab, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, New York State Vet Diagnost Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Ol Jogi, Nanyuki, Kenya. RP Kimber, KR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Lab, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-438-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2002 VL 969 BP 217 EP 223 PG 7 WC Immunology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BV61H UT WOS:000179507800041 PM 12381595 ER PT S AU Payeur, JB Jarnagin, JL Marquardt, JG Whipple, DL AF Payeur, JB Jarnagin, JL Marquardt, JG Whipple, DL BE Gibbs, EPJ Bokma, BH TI Mycobacterial isolations in captive elephants in the United States SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL/WILDLIFE INTERFACE: ISSUE FOR DISEASE CONTROL, CONSERVATION, SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION, AND EMERGING DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wildlife and Livestock, Disease and Sustainability CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL PILANESBERG NATL PK, SOUTH AFRICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Wildlife Dis Assoc, Bayer, Merial Anim Hlth, Novartis, Pfizer, USDA, Wellcom Trust DE tuberculosis; elephant(s); mycobacterial; guidelines ID TUBERCULOSIS AB Interest in tuberculosis in elephants has been increasing over the past several years in the United States. Several techniques have been used to diagnose mammalian tuberculosis. Currently, the test considered most reliable for diagnosis of TB in elephants is based on the culture of respiratory secretions obtained by trunk washes. C1 Natl Vet Serv Labs, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Payeur, JB (reprint author), Natl Vet Serv Labs, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 6 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-438-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2002 VL 969 BP 256 EP 258 PG 3 WC Immunology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BV61H UT WOS:000179507800047 PM 12381601 ER PT S AU Payeur, JB Church, S Mosher, L Robinson-Dunn, B Schmitt, S Whipple, D AF Payeur, JB Church, S Mosher, L Robinson-Dunn, B Schmitt, S Whipple, D BE Gibbs, EPJ Bokma, BH TI Bovine tuberculosis in Michigan wildlife SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL/WILDLIFE INTERFACE: ISSUE FOR DISEASE CONTROL, CONSERVATION, SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION, AND EMERGING DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wildlife and Livestock, Disease and Sustainability CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL PILANESBERG NATL PK, SOUTH AFRICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Wildlife Dis Assoc, Bayer, Merial Anim Hlth, Novartis, Pfizer, USDA, Wellcom Trust DE tuberculosis (TB); bovine; deer; wildlife; Michigan ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS AB White-tailed deer in Michigan are now recognized as a reservoir host of bovine tuberculosis (TB). It has been determined that the most likely cause of bovine TB infection in the deer is from congregating in artificially high numbers at feed sites. The presence of a wildlife reservoir of TB in Michigan poses a serious threat to the control and eradication programs that are now in their final stages in the United States. C1 USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Lansing, MI USA. USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Payeur, JB (reprint author), USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-438-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2002 VL 969 BP 259 EP 261 PG 3 WC Immunology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BV61H UT WOS:000179507800048 PM 12381602 ER PT S AU Schmitt, SM O'Brien, DJ Bruning-Fann, CS Fitzgerald, SD AF Schmitt, SM O'Brien, DJ Bruning-Fann, CS Fitzgerald, SD BE Gibbs, EPJ Bokma, BH TI Bovine tuberculosis in Michigan wildlife and livestock SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL/WILDLIFE INTERFACE: ISSUE FOR DISEASE CONTROL, CONSERVATION, SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION, AND EMERGING DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wildlife and Livestock, Disease and Sustainability CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL PILANESBERG NATL PK, SOUTH AFRICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Wildlife Dis Assoc, Bayer, Merial Anim Hlth, Novartis, Pfizer, USDA, Wellcom Trust DE bovine tuberculosis; Mycobacterium bovis; white-tailed deer AB Since 1994, the state of Michigan has recognized a problem with bovine tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, in wild white-tailed deer from a 12-county area in northeastern Lower Michigan. A total of 65,000 free-ranging deer have been tested, and 340 have been found to be positive for M. bovis. The disease has been found in other wildlife species, and, in 1998, in domestic cattle, where to date 13 beef cattle and 2 dairy cattle herds have been diagnosed with bovine TB. Unfortunately, the situation is unique in that there have never been reports of self-sustaining bovine TB in a wild, free-ranging cervid population in North America. Scientists, biologists, epidemiologists, and veterinarians who have studied this situation have concluded that the most logical theory is that high deer densities and the focal concentration caused by baiting (the practice of hunting deer over feed) and feeding are the factors most likely responsible for the establishment of self-sustaining TB in free-ranging Michigan deer. Baiting and feeding have been banned since 1998 in counties where the disease has been found. In addition, the deer herd has been reduced by 50% in the endemic area with the use of unlimited antlerless permits. The measures of apparent TB prevalence have been decreased by half since 1997, providing hopeful preliminary evidence that eradication strategies are succeeding. C1 Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Dis Lab, Rose Lake Wildlife Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. USDA, Vet Serv, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Anim Hlth Diagnost Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Schmitt, SM (reprint author), Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Wildlife Dis Lab, Rose Lake Wildlife Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 7 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 4 U2 14 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-438-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2002 VL 969 BP 262 EP 268 PG 7 WC Immunology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BV61H UT WOS:000179507800049 PM 12381603 ER PT S AU Pegram, RG Gersabeck, EF Wilson, D Hansen, JW AF Pegram, RG Gersabeck, EF Wilson, D Hansen, JW BE Gibbs, EPJ Bokma, BH TI Eradication of the tropical bont tick in the Caribbean - Is the Caribbean Amblyomma Program in a crisis? SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL/WILDLIFE INTERFACE: ISSUE FOR DISEASE CONTROL, CONSERVATION, SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION, AND EMERGING DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wildlife and Livestock, Disease and Sustainability CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL PILANESBERG NATL PK, SOUTH AFRICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Wildlife Dis Assoc, Bayer, Merial Anim Hlth, Novartis, Pfizer, USDA, Wellcom Trust DE tropical bont ticks; Caribbean islands; Amblyomma; Caribbean Amblyomma Program AB The progress and problems in the Caribbean Amblyomma Program (CAP) are reviewed since its inception in 1995. During 1998, there were funding and administrative management problems. USDA resolved the acute funding crisis, and after three years of negotiation, the CAP has now secured an additional euro 1.5 million from the European Community. Changes in administration in 1998 included the withdrawal of IICA from the program, and the transition during the decentralization of administrative and financial management from FAO headquarters to the Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean, based in Chile. A general overview of technical progress and one case study, St. Kitts, is presented. One major concern that emerged during 2000 is that the elimination of the small remaining tropical bout tick (TBT) "hot spots" in both St. Kitts and St. Lucia remained elusive. Why is this so? Egrets? Alternative residual hosts? Or is it fatigue in both technical and administrative management functions? Of even greater concern is the finding of two, apparently new, foci in St. Croix (USVI) in the north and St. Vincent in the south. A critical overview of the program has identified one major remaining constraint-an appropriate management support function at both regional and, in some countries, at the national level. A proposal for a revised management strategy, coupled with the identification of a future strategy to succeed the CAP, namely a Caribbean Animal Resources Management (CARM) Program. C1 FAO, Caribbean Amblyomma Program, Bridgetown, Barbados. USDA APHIS, Int Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. FAO, AGAH, Parasit Dis Grp, Rome, Italy. RP Pegram, RG (reprint author), FAO, Caribbean Amblyomma Program, Bridgetown, Barbados. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-438-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2002 VL 969 BP 297 EP 305 PG 9 WC Immunology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BV61H UT WOS:000179507800055 PM 12381609 ER PT J AU Hof, J Bevers, M Uresk, DW Schenbeck, GL AF Hof, J Bevers, M Uresk, DW Schenbeck, GL TI Optimizing habitat location for black-tailed prairie dogs in southwestern South Dakota SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE landscape structure; linear programming; spatial optimization; spatial patterns; prairie dogs AB A spatial optimization model was formulated and used to maximize black-tailed prairie dog populations in the Badlands National Park and the Buffalo Gap National Grassland in South Dakota. The choice variables involved the strategic placement of limited additional protected habitat. Population dynamics were captured in formulations that reflected exponential population growth combined with the recalcitrant dispersal behavior of this social mammal that is important to many other species. The model results are compared to a previous paper which modeled the black-footed ferret, an aggressive disperser that is dependent upon prairie dogs for food and shelter. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Hof, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Suite 361, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 147 IS 1 BP 11 EP 21 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(01)00401-X PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511FV UT WOS:000173254700002 ER PT B AU Adams, CA AF Adams, CA BE Johnson, BR Hill, K TI Lead or fade into obscurity: Can landscape educators ask and answer useful questions about ecology? SO ECOLOGY AND DESIGN: FRAMEWORKS FOR LEARNING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Shire Conference CY JUL 16-19, 1998 CL UNIV OREGON, EUGENE, OR HO UNIV OREGON C1 USDA, NRCS Watershed Sci Inst, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Adams, CA (reprint author), USDA, NRCS Watershed Sci Inst, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 1-55963-813-3 PY 2002 BP 113 EP 132 PG 20 WC Ecology; Engineering, Civil SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA BT66R UT WOS:000173693600005 ER PT J AU Sirvent, TM Walker, L Vance, N Gibson, DM AF Sirvent, TM Walker, L Vance, N Gibson, DM TI Variation in hypericins from wild populations of Hypericum Perforatum L. in the Pacific Northwest of the USA SO ECONOMIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE St. John's wort; hypericin; pseudohypericin; composition; plant defense ID ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY; PLANT DEFENSE; INHIBITION; PHOTOSENSITIZATION; HYPERFORIN; EXTRACT; CELLS; AGENT AB Representatives from eight wild populations of Hypericum perforatum L. were collected from Montana and Northern California at flowering, and subsequently analyzed for hypericin and pseudohypericin using HPLC analysis. Total individual plant concentrations in these wild populations were from 0.0003-0.1250% dry weight (DW) hypericin and 0.0019-0.8458% DW pseudohypericin. In general, hypericin concentrations were highest in the plant's reproductive (flower and bud) tissues, followed by leaf and stem tissues, respectively. Hypericin and pseudohypericin concentrations were positively correlated in all samples, although the relative ratio of hypericin to pseudohypericin varied with site location. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR USA. ARS, USDA, Plant Protect Res Unit, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14583 USA. RP Sirvent, TM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 40 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0013-0001 J9 ECON BOT JI Econ. Bot. PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 56 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1663/0013-0001(2002)056[0041:VIHFWP]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 560ZR UT WOS:000176111700006 ER PT J AU Jolliffe, D AF Jolliffe, D TI Whose education matters in the determination of household income? Evidence from a developing country SO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND CULTURAL CHANGE LA English DT Article ID RETURNS; REGRESSION; UPDATE C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Jolliffe, D (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0013-0079 J9 ECON DEV CULT CHANGE JI Econ. Dev. Cult. Change PD JAN PY 2002 VL 50 IS 2 BP 287 EP 312 DI 10.1086/322880 PG 26 WC Area Studies; Economics; Planning & Development SC Area Studies; Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 560GW UT WOS:000176075200004 ER PT J AU Binkley, D Stape, JL Ryan, MG Barnard, HR Fownes, J AF Binkley, D Stape, JL Ryan, MG Barnard, HR Fownes, J TI Age-related decline in forest ecosystem growth: An individual-tree, stand-structure hypothesis SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE forest growth; Eucalyptus plantations; ecosystem production; growth decline; resource use ID EFFICIENCY; EUCALYPTUS; DYNAMICS AB Forest growth is important both economically (yielding billions of dollars of annual revenues) and ecologically (with respect to ecosystem health and global carbon budgets). The growth of all forests follows a predictable general trend with age. In young forests, it accelerates as canopies develop; it then declines substantially soon after full canopy leaf area is reached. The classic explanation for the decline in growth invoked the increasing respiration costs required to sustain the larger masses of wood characteristic of older forests. Direct measurements of respiration have largely refuted this hypothesis, and recent work has focused on stand-level rates of resource supply, resource use, and growth. We developed and tested a hypothesis at the scale of individual trees (in relation to stand structure) to explain this declining stand-level rate of stem growth. According to our hypothesis, changes in stand structure allow dominant trees to sustain high rates of growth by increasing their acquisition of resources and using these resources efficiently (defined as stem growth per unit of resource used); smaller, nondominant trees grow more slowly as a result of their more limited acquisition of resources and a reduced rate of growth per unit of resource acquired. In combination, these two trends reduce overall stand growth. We tested this hypothesis by comparing growth, growth per unit of leaf area, and variation among trees within plots in two series of plantations of Eucalyptus in Brazil and by estimating individual-tree rates of growth and use of light, water, and nutrients in a plantation of Eucalyptus saligna in Hawaii. Our results supported the individual-tree hypothesis. We conclude that part of the universal age-related decline in forest growth derives from competition-related changes in stand structure and the resource-use efficiencies of individual trees. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Forest Sci, CNPq, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Coll Trop Agr & Human Resources, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Binkley, D (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 26 TC 121 Z9 130 U1 2 U2 33 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD JAN PY 2002 VL 5 IS 1 BP 58 EP 67 DI 10.1007/s10021-001-0055-7 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 549DM UT WOS:000175429300005 ER PT S AU Szaro, R Bytnerowicz, A Oszlanyi, J AF Szaro, R Bytnerowicz, A Oszlanyi, J BE Szaro, RC Bytnerowicz, A Oszlanyi, J TI Effects of air pollution on forest health and biodiversity in forests of the Carpathian Mountains: An overview SO EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON FOREST HEALTH AND BIODIVERSITY IN FORESTS OF THE CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SUB-SERIES I: LIFE AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Effects of Air Pollution on Forest Health and Biodiversity in Forests of the Carpathian Mountains CY MAY 22-26, 2002 CL STARA LESNA, SLOVAKIA SP NATO, UIUFRO, Special Programme Dev Countries, USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, USDA, Forest Serv, Japanese Off Dev Assistance Program AB The effects of air pollution on biota may be subtle and elusive because of their interactions with natural stresses. Studies based on a network of sites in the Carpathian Mountains form the core of the content presented during this workshop. To this core were added key components on ecological sustainability, overviews on forest health in Europe and the world and several in-depth case studies. The study of air pollution effects must necessarily be done with a hierarchical approach. Some effects can only be studied on a broader regional scale. Regional monitoring of air pollution including sub-samples of other forest health changes is necessary to understand the patterns of pollution throughout the Carpathian Mountains. Other effects require a much more localized and site specific type of study. This workshop summarizes our knowledge of ozone (03) distribution and its potential for biological effects in central European forests. Future work will have to build on these efforts by continuing to monitor air pollution in the Carpathian Mountain range in order to provide information on changing spatial and temporal distributions Of 03 in forests. In addition, studies on forest health, native ozone-sensitive indicators, changes in biological diversity, bark beetle infestations, changes in genetic pools of main forest trees species, as well as growth trends of trees will need to be continued in order to provide an improved scientific basis for better understanding of causes of forest decline in the Carpathian Mountains. This understanding should lead to improved management practices to help ameliorate the impacts of air pollution on Carpathian forests. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Szaro, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-7693 BN 1-58603-258-5 J9 NATO SCI SER I LIFE PY 2002 VL 345 BP 3 EP 12 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BV38X UT WOS:000178771700001 ER PT S AU Bytnerowicz, A Szaro, R Karnosky, D Manning, W McManus, M Musselman, R Muzika, RM AF Bytnerowicz, A Szaro, R Karnosky, D Manning, W McManus, M Musselman, R Muzika, RM BE Szaro, RC Bytnerowicz, A Oszlanyi, J TI Importance of international research cooperative programs for better understanding of air pollution effects on forest ecosystems in Central Europe SO EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON FOREST HEALTH AND BIODIVERSITY IN FORESTS OF THE CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SUB-SERIES I: LIFE AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Effects of Air Pollution on Forest Health and Biodiversity in Forests of the Carpathian Mountains CY MAY 22-26, 2002 CL STARA LESNA, SLOVAKIA SP NATO, UIUFRO, Special Programme Dev Countries, USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, USDA, Forest Serv, Japanese Off Dev Assistance Program ID PINE FORESTS; POLAND; MOUNTAINS; HEALTH; OZONE; TRANSECT; REGION; TREES AB Air pollution and climate change can have pronounced effects on forest ecosystems influencing their health and biodiversity. An interdisciplinary approach seems to be most appropriate for studying mechanisms of these effects and to better understand them in various geographic, physical or ecological settings. Ozone (O-3) air pollution was recognized as a major phytotoxic agent to North American forests as early as the 1950s and 1960s. Since 1980S O-3 has also been recognized as the major stress agent in the European forests, other natural ecosystems and agricultural ecosystems. Phytotoxic O-3 effects are especially pronounced in the Mediterranean and western parts of Europe. Until early 1990s very little was known about the distribution and potential effects of O-3 and other components of photochemical smog on vegetation in Central & Eastern Europe. Grants for the USDA Foreign Agricultural Services, USDA Forest Service and the US-Czechoslovak Scientific Program allowed for conducting first evaluation O-3 distribution and its phytotoxic effects in Central & Eastern Europe in the early 1990s. Results from these studies indicated that O-3 indeed has a strong phytotoxic potential in this part of Europe. Symptoms that resemble O-3 injury have been found on a variety of plants in several Carpathian countries. The 19971999 research on distribution and effects of O-3 and other pollutants on the Carpathian forest ecosystems may serve as an example of potential accomplishments by effective international cooperation of specialists from various disciplines such as atmospheric chemistry, soil sciences, botany, ecology, plant pathology, entomology, forest genetics, or plant physiology. Data classification and organization was accomplished using geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing and gcostatistical modeling. Knowledge gathered in these studies will help in understanding physical environment, trends in temporal and spatial distribution of air pollutants, changes in biodiversity, and causes of forest health problems of the Carpathian forests. By comparing results of these studies with similar efforts in other parts of Europe and North America a more complete understanding of changes in forest ecosystems caused by air pollution will result. Organizations such as the European Union, NATO Scientific Committee, International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO), European Forestry Institute or the North American Forestry Commission should be of benefit in such international collaborative projects. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. RP Bytnerowicz, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-7693 BN 1-58603-258-5 J9 NATO SCI SER I LIFE PY 2002 VL 345 BP 13 EP 20 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BV38X UT WOS:000178771700002 ER PT S AU Bytnerowicz, A Godzik, B Fraczek, W Grodzinska, K Krywult, M Badea, O Barancok, P Blum, O Cerny, M Godzik, S Mankovska, B Manning, W Moravcik, P Musselman, R Oszlanyi, J Postelnicu, D Szdzuj, J Varsavova, M Zota, M AF Bytnerowicz, A Godzik, B Fraczek, W Grodzinska, K Krywult, M Badea, O Barancok, P Blum, O Cerny, M Godzik, S Mankovska, B Manning, W Moravcik, P Musselman, R Oszlanyi, J Postelnicu, D Szdzuj, J Varsavova, M Zota, M BE Szaro, RC Bytnerowicz, A Oszlanyi, J TI Ozone, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide air pollution in forests of the Carpathian Mountains SO EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON FOREST HEALTH AND BIODIVERSITY IN FORESTS OF THE CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SUB-SERIES I: LIFE AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Effects of Air Pollution on Forest Health and Biodiversity in Forests of the Carpathian Mountains CY MAY 22-26, 2002 CL STARA LESNA, SLOVAKIA SP NATO, UIUFRO, Special Programme Dev Countries, USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, USDA, Forest Serv, Japanese Off Dev Assistance Program ID ADVERSE CROP RESPONSE; SURFACE OZONE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; NORTHWESTERN EUROPE; PHOTOCHEMICAL OZONE; DIFFERENT ALTITUDES; PASSIVE SAMPLERS; AMBIENT OZONE; EXPOSURE; DEPOSITION AB Ozone (O-3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations were monitored with passive samplers during the 1997-1999 growing seasons in 32 forest sites (elevation between 450 and 1,320 m) in the Carpathian Mountains. In addition, in two western Carpathian locations, Vychodna and Gubalowka, O-3 was continuously monitored with ultraviolet (UV) absorption monitors. Highest average hourly O-3 concentrations in the Vychodna and Gubalowka sites reached 160 and 200 mug/m(3) (80 and 100 ppb), respectively (except for the AOT 40 values, O-3 concentrations are presented as mug/m(3); and at 25degreesC and 760 mm Hg, 1 mug O-3/M-3 = 0.51 ppb O-3). These sites showed drastically different patterns of diurnal O-3 distribution, one with clearly defined peaks in the afternoon and lowest values in the morning, the other with flat patterns during the entire 24-h period. On two elevational transects, no effect of elevation on O-3 levels was seen on the first one, while on the other a significant increase of O-3 levels with elevation occurred. Concentrations of O-3 determined with passive samplers were significantly different between individual monitoring years, monitoring periods, and geographic location of the monitoring sites. Results of passive sampler monitoring showed that high O-3 concentrations could be expected in many parts of the Carpathian range, especially in its northern part, but also in the eastern and southern ranges. Potential phytotoxic effects of O-3 on forest trees and understory vegetation are expected on almost the entire territory of the Carpathian Mountains. This assumption is based on estimates of the AOT40 indices for forest trees and natural vegetation concentrations of NO2 and SO2 in the entire Carpathian range were typical for this part of Europe and below the expected levels of phytotoxicity. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. RP Bytnerowicz, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA USA. RI Godzik, Barbara/G-7791-2011 NR 74 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-7693 BN 1-58603-258-5 J9 NATO SCI SER I LIFE PY 2002 VL 345 BP 138 EP 160 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BV38X UT WOS:000178771700011 ER PT S AU Musselman, R Moravcik, P Bytnerowicz, A Zeller, K Cerny, M AF Musselman, R Moravcik, P Bytnerowicz, A Zeller, K Cerny, M BE Szaro, RC Bytnerowicz, A Oszlanyi, J TI Ambient ozone and plant response in the Brdy Mountains, Czech Republic SO EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON FOREST HEALTH AND BIODIVERSITY IN FORESTS OF THE CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SUB-SERIES I: LIFE AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Effects of Air Pollution on Forest Health and Biodiversity in Forests of the Carpathian Mountains CY MAY 22-26, 2002 CL STARA LESNA, SLOVAKIA SP NATO, UIUFRO, Special Programme Dev Countries, USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, USDA, Forest Serv, Japanese Off Dev Assistance Program ID AIR-POLLUTION; SITE AB Ozone was monitored in the Brdy Mountains of the Czech Republic using both active and passive samplers. Ozone levels determined from passive sampling varied throughout the season, but changed similarly, among sites throughout the region. There was site-to-site variability within the Brdy Mountains, with highest ozone at the highest elevation site, Praha Peak. Uncovered passive samplers above the forest canopy at Praha Peak had higher ozone than covered samplers, verifying the importance of air exchange over the collection surface in sampler loading. Passive ozone data related well with active continuous monitor data. Active monitoring indicated only small diel changes in ambient ozone. There was little relationship between amount of ambient ozone and injury of tobacco and growth of clover bioinidicators, but a sensitive tobacco cultivar consistently exhibited more ozone-type injury symptoms than did a tolerant tobacco cultivar, suggesting that current ambient ozone levels can cause injury on sensitive plant foliage. C1 US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Musselman, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, USDA, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-7693 BN 1-58603-258-5 J9 NATO SCI SER I LIFE PY 2002 VL 345 BP 296 EP 303 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BV38X UT WOS:000178771700024 ER PT S AU Szaro, R Bytnerowicz, A Oszlanyi, J Godzik, B Moravcik, P Shparyk, Y Popescu, F AF Szaro, R Bytnerowicz, A Oszlanyi, J Godzik, B Moravcik, P Shparyk, Y Popescu, F BE Szaro, RC Bytnerowicz, A Oszlanyi, J TI Developing an agenda for future research in the Carpathian Mountains: Where do we go from here? SO EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON FOREST HEALTH AND BIODIVERSITY IN FORESTS OF THE CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SUB-SERIES I: LIFE AND BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Effects of Air Pollution on Forest Health and Biodiversity in Forests of the Carpathian Mountains CY MAY 22-26, 2002 CL STARA LESNA, SLOVAKIA SP NATO, UIUFRO, Special Programme Dev Countries, USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, USDA, Forest Serv, Japanese Off Dev Assistance Program ID OZONE; POLLUTION AB Carpathian Mountain forests have been affected by humans for many centuries. However, until recently, most of this impact has been quite local in nature. Concern has arisen over the Carpathians because they contain some of the most beautiful areas in Central Europe. Air pollution and climate change can have pronounced affects on forest ecosystems influencing their health and biodiversity. At present, elevated levels of ambient ozone (O-3) seem to have the strongest potential for negative effects. In addition, due to past neglect of air pollution control strategies and present economic problems, elevated levels of sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOX) and heavy metals are also present in the Carpathian Mountain Region at levels that may be harmful to forests and other ecosystems in some areas. Fundamental research questions that build on what is already known have to be asked to improve our understanding of the effects of air pollution on these systems. The scope of future work needs to be expanded to relate potential effects on forest sustainability and in a context of complex social, economic, and ecological interactions. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Szaro, R (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RI Godzik, Barbara/G-7791-2011 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-7693 BN 1-58603-258-5 J9 NATO SCI SER I LIFE PY 2002 VL 345 BP 313 EP 317 PG 5 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA BV38X UT WOS:000178771700026 ER PT B AU Thompson, FR Donovan, TM DeGraaf, RM Faaborg, J Robinson, SK AF Thompson, FR Donovan, TM DeGraaf, RM Faaborg, J Robinson, SK BE George, TL Dobkin, DS TI A multi-scale perspective of the effects of forest fragmentation on birds in eastern forests SO EFFECTS OF HABITAT FRAGMENTATION ON BIRDS IN WESTERN LANDSCAPES: CONTRASTS WITH PARADIGMS FROM THE EASTERN UNITED STATES SE STUDIES IN AVIAN BIOLOGY-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Cooper-Ornithological-Society CY 1999 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Cooper Ornithol Soc DE Brown-headed Cowbirds; eastern forests; edge-effects; fragmentation; landscape; Molothrus ater; multi-scale; nest predation; predators; songbirds AB We propose a model that considers forest fragmentation within a spatial hierarchy that includes regional or biogeographic effects, landscape-level fragmentation effects, and local habitat effects. We hypothesize that effects operate "top down" in that larger scale effects provide constraints or context for smaller scale effects. Bird species' abundance and productivity vary at a biogeographic scale, as do the abundances of predators, Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater), and land-use patterns. At the landscape scale the level of forest fragmentation affects avian productivity through its effect on predator and cowbird numbers. At a local scale, patch size, amount of edge, and the effects of forest management on vegetation structure affect the abundance of breeding birds as well as the distribution of predators and Brown-headed Cowbirds in the landscape. These local factors, along with nest-site characteristics, may affect nest success and be important factors when unconstrained by processes at larger spatial scales. Landscape and regional source-sink models offer a way to test various effects at multiple scales on population trends. Our model is largely a hypothesis based on retroduction from existing studies; nevertheless, we believe it has important conservation and research implications. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Thompson, FR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 202 Nat Resources Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 0 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 11 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 1-891276-34-4 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL-SER PY 2002 IS 25 BP 8 EP 19 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BV88P UT WOS:000180301800002 ER PT B AU Raphael, MG Mack, DE Marzluff, JM Luginbuhl, JM AF Raphael, MG Mack, DE Marzluff, JM Luginbuhl, JM BE George, TL Dobkin, DS TI Effects of forest fragmentation on populations of the Marbled Murrelet SO EFFECTS OF HABITAT FRAGMENTATION ON BIRDS IN WESTERN LANDSCAPES: CONTRASTS WITH PARADIGMS FROM THE EASTERN UNITED STATES SE STUDIES IN AVIAN BIOLOGY-SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Cooper-Ornithological-Society CY 1999 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Cooper Ornithol Soc DE Brachyramphus marmoratus; corvid; fragmentation; Marbled Murrelet; nesting habitat; nest predation; nest success AB The Marbled Murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) is a threatened seabird that nests on branches of large trees within older coniferous forest in coastal areas of the Pacific Northwest. Surveys suggest that murrelets often nest in continuous stands of mature, complexly structured forest but they also nest in younger forest and in stands varying in size from several to thousands of hectares. We examined how murrelet abundance and reproduction are related to the amount and pattern of nesting habitat at regional, watershed, landscape, and nest site scales. At the regional scale, abundance of murrelets, estimated from offshore surveys, was found to be correlated with amount of nesting habitat in some areas and to a lesser extent with fragmentation of that habitat. We found a similar pattern at the watershed scale. At the scale of nest sites and surrounding landscapes, fragmentation may have greater effect on likelihood of nesting and nest success. Observations of active nests from other studies indicated high failure rates (47 of 71 nests with known outcomes), mostly due to predation (33 of 47 nests). Corvids have been implicated as primary predators. Forest fragmentation can affect the abundance and distribution of corvids, and thus it is possible that fragmentation might lead to higher rates of predation on murrelet nests. Over the past 5 years we have tested this assumption in Washington using artificial nests located in stands of varying structural complexity, levels of fragmentation, and proximity to human activity. Results indicate, first, that a broad suite of predators, including at least 10 mammalian and avian species, prey on simulated eggs and chicks. Second, rates of predation are higher within 50 m of forest edge, but this relationship varies with proximity to human activity and with the structure of the adjacent regenerating forest. Predation increased with proximity to forest edges when the matrix contained human settlements and recreation areas, but not when it was dominated by regenerating forests. Abundance of some predators (e.g., Steller's Jays, Cyanocitta stelleri) was greater in more fragmented landscapes, but abundance of other potential predators (e.g., Gray Jays, Perisoreus canadensis) was greater in continuous forests, making generalizations about the effects of fragmentation difficult. Research is needed to understand how fragmentation affects both murrelet nest site selection and the risk of nest predation so that managers can provide landscapes able to support large populations of successfully breeding murrelets. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Raphael, MG (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 6 PU COOPER ORNITHOLIGICAL SOCIETY PI CAMARILLO PA WESTERN FDN VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 439 CALLE SAN PABLO, CAMARILLO, CA 93010 USA BN 1-891276-34-4 J9 STUD AVIAN BIOL-SER PY 2002 IS 25 BP 221 EP 235 PG 15 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA BV88P UT WOS:000180301800016 ER PT J AU Hart, JJ Welch, RM Norvell, WA Kochian, LV AF Hart, JJ Welch, RM Norvell, WA Kochian, LV TI Measurement of thiol-containing amino acids and phytochelatin (PC2) via capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE capillary electrophoresis; fluorescein; laser-induced fluorescence; phytochelatins; thiols ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; BIOLOGICAL THIOLS; PEPTIDES; PLASMA; PLANTS; METALLOTHIONEINS; DERIVATIZATION; HOMOCYSTEINE; GLUTATHIONE AB An analytical method for determining thiols and phytochelatins using high-performance capillary electrophoresis coupled with laser-induced fluorescence detection is presented. The technique utilizes the labeling of thiols with the fluorescent reagent 5-bromomethylfluorescein (5-BMF), which is excited by a 488 nm argon ion laser and fluoresces at 515 nm. The paper describes the determination of the optimal conditions for reaction of 5-BMF with thiols as well as the parameters for electrophoresis runs that produce optimal electropherogram peaks. The technique is shown to be very sensitive for cysteine, cysteinyl-glycine, gamma-glutamyl-cysteine, glutathione and (gamma-glutamylcysteinyl)(2)-glycine (PC2). Concentrations as low as 25 nmol/L and amounts as low as 1 fmol were detected for glutathione. Sensitivity for detection Of PC2 was somewhat lower. The method was shown to be simple, rapid and accurate and should facilitate measurement of thiol-containing amino acids, peptides and phytochelatin (PC2) in small volumes of extracts obtained from biological tissue. C1 Cornell Univ, ARS, USDA, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Hart, JJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, ARS, USDA, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. OI Macka, Mirek/0000-0002-6792-2574 NR 21 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JAN PY 2002 VL 23 IS 1 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1002/1522-2683(200201)23:1<81::AID-ELPS81>3.0.CO;2-V PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 513ZA UT WOS:000173410100012 PM 11824625 ER PT B AU Focks, DA AF Focks, DA BE Burroughs, T Knobler, S Lederberg, J TI Mathematical models and predictors of disease outbreaks SO EMERGENCE OF ZOONOTIC DISEASES, WORKSHOP SUMMARY: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT ON ANIMAL AND HUMAN HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Emergence of Zoonotic Diseases CY JUN 07-08, 2000 CL INST MED, FORUM EMERGING INFECT, WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US Dept HHS, NIH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US FDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Vet Affairs, Abbott Labs, Amer Soc Microbiol, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Burroughs Welcome Fund, Eli Lilly & Co, Glaxo Wellcome, F Hoffmann La Roche AG, Pfizer, SmithKline Beecham Corp, Wyeth Ayerst Labs HO INST MED, FORUM EMERGING INFECT C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Focks, DA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08327-3 PY 2002 BP 50 EP 52 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA BX26C UT WOS:000184775900011 ER PT B AU Brown, F AF Brown, F BE Burroughs, T Knobler, S Lederberg, J TI Animal husbandry practices and risk factors, with particular reference to bovine spongiform encephalopathy SO EMERGENCE OF ZOONOTIC DISEASES, WORKSHOP SUMMARY: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT ON ANIMAL AND HUMAN HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Emergence of Zoonotic Diseases CY JUN 07-08, 2000 CL INST MED, FORUM EMERGING INFECT, WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US Dept HHS, NIH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US FDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Vet Affairs, Abbott Labs, Amer Soc Microbiol, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Burroughs Welcome Fund, Eli Lilly & Co, Glaxo Wellcome, F Hoffmann La Roche AG, Pfizer, SmithKline Beecham Corp, Wyeth Ayerst Labs HO INST MED, FORUM EMERGING INFECT C1 USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY USA. RP Brown, F (reprint author), USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08327-3 PY 2002 BP 59 EP 61 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA BX26C UT WOS:000184775900013 ER PT B AU Knop-Wright, M Coudron, TA Brandt, SL AF Knop-Wright, M Coudron, TA Brandt, SL BE Edwards, JP Weaver, RJ TI Ecological and physiological relevance of biochemical changes in a host as a result of parasitism by Euplectrus spp.: a case study SO ENDOCRINE INTERACTIONS OF INSECT PARASITES AND PATHOGENS SE EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Endocrine Interactions of Insect Parasites and Pathogens CY AUG, 2000 CL UNIV CAMBRIDGE, QUEENS COLL, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Soc Exptl Biol HO UNIV CAMBRIDGE, QUEENS COLL C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Knop-Wright, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control Insects Res Lab, 1503 S Providence Rd, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOS SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS LTD PI OXFORD PA 9 NEWTEC PLACE MAGDALEN ROAD, OXFORD OX4 1RE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 1-85996-217-3 J9 EXPTL BIOL REV PY 2002 BP 153 EP 176 PG 24 WC Entomology; Parasitology SC Entomology; Parasitology GA BT66Q UT WOS:000173692200009 ER PT J AU Calvitti, M Antonelli, M Moretti, R Bautista, RC AF Calvitti, M Antonelli, M Moretti, R Bautista, RC TI Oviposition response and development of the egg-pupal parasitoid Fopius arisanus on Bactrocera oleae, a tephritid fruit fly pest of olive in the Mediterranean basin SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera oleae; olive fruit fly; Fopius arisanus; egg pupal parasitoid; biological control; Tephritidae; Braconidae ID DIACHASMIMORPHA-LONGICAUDATA HYMENOPTERA; BIOSTERES-ARISANUS; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FLIES DIPTERA; BRACONIDAE; PARASITIZATION; ANASTREPHA; HOST; CERATITIS; HAWAII AB To date, information is wanting with regard to the use of new exotic parasitoids against olive fruit fly, Bactrocera (=Dacus) oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera: Tephritidae), a serious pest of olives Olea europaea L., in the Mediterranean basin. We investigated the oviposition response and developmental biology on B. oleae of Fopius (=Biosteres) arisanus (Sonan) (=Opius oophilus Fullaway) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an egg-pupal parasitoid of tephritid fruit flies, never tested before as a potential parasitoid of this host. Our results showed that olive fruits infested with B. oleae eggs exerted a relevant attraction to gravid F. arisanus and represented a stimulus for oviposition. Nevertheless they were not as attractive to female parasitoids as the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae), eggs infested papaya fruits (Carica papaya L.). In our experimental conditions, F. arisanus completed development in B. oleae within 33 +/- 1.7 days (males) and 35 +/- 1.6 (females). Increases in host egg to female parasitoid ratios of 1:1, 5:1, 10:1 and 20:1 corresponded with decreases in the percentage of B. oleae parasitisation and host killing but corresponded also with increases in absolute parasitisation. Our findings are discussed in light of possibilities of utilising F. arisanus for biological control of olive fruit fly. C1 ENEA, Div Agr & Biotechnol, I-00060 Rome, Italy. ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Calvitti, M (reprint author), ENEA, Div Agr & Biotechnol, CRE Casaccia Via Anguillarese 301, I-00060 Rome, Italy. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 102 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.2002.00925.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 543GE UT WOS:000175092400007 ER PT J AU Arbogast, RT Kendra, PE McDonald, RC AF Arbogast, RT Kendra, PE McDonald, RC TI Infestation of a botanicals warehouse by Plodia interpunctella and Ephestia elutella (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article ID POPULATIONS AB Botanicals are crude vegetable medicinals, including roots, leaves, bark, or other plant materials used to produce pharmaceuticals, herbal supplements, and other products. Dried botanicals often become infested with insects and mites during storage, but little is known about these infestations. The objective of the present study was to characterize an infestation of stored botanicals by the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella, and the tobacco moth, Ephestia elutella, in a North Carolina warehouse. The moth populations were monitored for one year with an array of pheromone-baited sticky traps. Spatial analysis of numbers captured showed broadly overlapping, but distinct distributions, suggesting that both species prefer roots but that P, interpunctella has a broader host range. Seasonal variation in rates of capture reflected the effect of temperature cycles on population growth and flight activity, and suggested that E. elutella populations may suffer less winter mortality or may recover more quickly than P. interpunctella. C1 ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Arbogast, RT (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 113 IS 1 BP 41 EP 49 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 533HA UT WOS:000174522500010 ER PT J AU Lacroix, MP Martz, LW Kite, GW Garbrecht, J AF Lacroix, MP Martz, LW Kite, GW Garbrecht, J TI Using digital terrain analysis modeling techniques for the parameterization of a hydrologic model SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE digital elevation model (DEM); grid; raster; hydrological model; automated techniques; spatial scale; drainage basins; SLURP; TOPAZ ID ELEVATION MODELS; CHANNEL NETWORKS; DRAINAGE NETWORK; DEPRESSIONS; EXTRACTION; AREAS AB This paper discusses the application of digital terrain analysis modeling techniques to the parameterization of a semi-distributed hydrologic model. Most current techniques for deriving physiographic parameters in watershed analyses, including those using commercial geographic information systems (GIS), are tedious, costly and time consuming. The demands of these techniques result in them usually being limited in practical application to deriving parameters at only one level of detail or for only one set of sub-basins. This paper presents a computerized interface (SLURPAZ) that was developed to combine the output of an established digital terrain analysis model (TOPAZ) with digital land cover data to derive all the necessary physiographic parameters required as input by a widely used semi-distributed hydrological model (SLURP). This interface makes it possible to derive physiographic parameters rapidly and accurately, at several different levels of detail and for varying numbers of sub-basins. This paper describes the methods by which the SLURPAZ interface integrates land cover data with the topographic parameters derived by TOPAZ from a digital elevation model (DEM). It also presents an example application of the interface to an intermediate-sized alpine basin in Yukon, Canada. Hydrological model outputs obtained using the computerized interface are compared with those obtained using manual techniques. Crown Copyright (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Water Res Inst Branch, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geog, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A5, Canada. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Lacroix, MP (reprint author), Natl Water Res Inst Branch, 11 Innovat Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. NR 32 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PY 2002 VL 17 IS 2 BP 127 EP 136 AR PII S1364-8152(01)00042-1 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 524JM UT WOS:000174009600002 ER PT J AU Entry, JA Sojka, RE Watwood, M Ross, C AF Entry, JA Sojka, RE Watwood, M Ross, C TI Polyacrylamide preparations for protection of water quality threatened by agricultural runoff contaminants SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE polyacrylamide (PAM); effluent treatment; water pollution; pollution reduction; polymers ID FURROW IRRIGATION; RIPARIAN FILTERSTRIPS; FLORIDA EVERGLADES; COLIFORM BACTERIA; PHOSPHORUS LOSSES; FECAL BACTERIA; WASTE-WATER; SOIL; EROSION; NITROGEN AB Waste streams associated with a variety of agricultural runoff sources are major contributors of nutrients, pesticides and enteric microorganisms to surface and,round waters. Water soluble anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) was found to be a highly effective erosion-preventing and infiltration-enhancing polymer, when applied at rates of 1-10 g m(-3) in furrow irrigation water. Water flowing from PAM treated irrigation furrows show large reductions in sediment, nutrients and pesticides. Recently PAM and PAM + CaO and PAM + Al(SO4)(3) mixtures have been shown to filter bacteria, fungi and nutrients from animal wastewater. Low concentrations of PAM [175-350 a PAM ha(-1) as PAM or as PAM + CaO and PAM + Al(SO4) mixture] applied to the soil surface, resulted in dramatic decreases (10 fold) of total, coliform and fecal streptococci bacteria in cattle, fish and swine wastewater leachate and surface runoff. PAM treatment also filtered significant amounts of NH4, PO4 and total P in cattle and swine wastewater. This points to the potential of developing PAM as a water quality protection measure in combination with large-scale animal feeding operations. Potential benefits of PAM treatment of animal facility waste streams include: (1) low cost, (2) easy and quick application, (3) suitability for use with other pollution reduction techniques. Research on the efficacy of PAM for removal of protozoan parasites and viruses and more thorough assessment of PAM degradation in different soils is still needed to completely evaluate PAM treatment as an effective waste water treatment. We will present analysis and feasibility of using PAM, PAM + Al(SO4)(3), and PAM + CaO application for specific applications. Our results demonstrate their potential efficacy in reducing sediment, nutrients and microorganisms from animal production Facility effluents. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83443 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Massey Univ, Palmerston North, New Zealand. RP Entry, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83443 USA. NR 79 TC 34 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 120 IS 2 BP 191 EP 200 AR PII S0269-7491(02)00160-4 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00160-4 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 603VZ UT WOS:000178582800005 PM 12395830 ER PT J AU Reeves, JB Van Kessel, JAS AF Reeves, JB Van Kessel, JAS TI Influence of ash on the fiber composition of dried dairy manures SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ADF; ash; dairy manure; fiber; NDF AB The objective of this work was to examine the role of ash in the compositional analysis of dried dairy manures. Ninety-nine dairy manures obtained from Connecticut, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania and Virginia were dried at 60 C, and ground to 20 mesh. Samples were analyzed for neutral and acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, total carbon, total nitrogen, and ash. In addition, cellulose and hemicellulose were computed by difference. Results indicated that high ash contents (8-52% of dry matter) can dramatically and unpredictably alter various measures of fiber composition and are a significant source of error in the determination of manure composition and how it relates to mineralization or other compositional influenced factors. Also, while the ash content of the dried intact manure can easily be determined, it is difficult to estimate the ash contribution to the individual fiber determinations, especially if sequential assays are performed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, AMBL, BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, AWPL, BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, AMBL, BARC East, Bldg 306, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 120 IS 2 BP 239 EP 244 AR PII S0269-7491(02)00154-9 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00154-9 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 603VZ UT WOS:000178582800010 PM 12395835 ER PT J AU Jouraeva, VA Johnson, DL Hassett, JP Nowak, DJ AF Jouraeva, VA Johnson, DL Hassett, JP Nowak, DJ TI Differences in accumulation of PAHs and metals on the leaves of Tilia x euchlora and Pyrus calleryana SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE PM2.5; metals; PAH; epicuticular waxes; atmospheric air pollution ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; EPICUTICULAR LEAF WAXES; AIR-POLLUTION; INTERSPECIES VARIABILITY; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TOMENTOSA MOENCH; PLANTS; POLLUTANTS; ATMOSPHERE; MORTALITY AB The accumulation of substances associated with PM2.5 [polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals] on leaves of Pyrus calleryana (pear) and Tilia x euchlora (linden) along an urban road was investigated. These species have similar leaf morphology and were exposed to the identical environmental conditions. The accumulation of both PAHs and metals per leaf area was significantly higher on linden leaves than on pear leaves. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Chem, Jahn Lab 121, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Jouraeva, VA (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Chem, Jahn Lab 121, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. NR 33 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 120 IS 2 BP 331 EP 338 AR PII S0269-7491(02)00121-5 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00121-5 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 603VZ UT WOS:000178582800022 PM 12395847 ER PT J AU Madkour, SA Laurence, JA AF Madkour, SA Laurence, JA TI Egyptian plant species as new ozone indicators SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article ID WHITE CLOVER; RESPONSES; MECHANISMS; VARIETIES; TOBACCO; BEL-W3; INJURY; SYSTEM; YIELD AB The aim of this study was to test and select one or more highly sensitive, specific and environmentally successful Egyptian bioindicator plants for ozone (O(3)). For that purpose more than 30 Egyptian species and cultivars were subjected to extensive screening studies under controlled environmental and pollutant exposure conditions to mimic the Egyptian environmental conditions and O(3) levels in urban and rural sites. Four plant species were found to be more sensitive to O(3) than the universally used O(3)-bioindicator, tobacco Bel W3, under the Egyptian environmental conditions used. These plant species, jute (Corchorus olitorius p c.v. local), clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L. c.v. Masry), garden rocket (Eruca sativa c.v. local) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. c.v. local), ranked in order of decreasing sensitivity, exhibited typical O(3) injury symptoms faster and at lower O(3) concentrations than Bel W3. Three variables were tested in search of a reliable tool for the diagnosis and prediction of O(3) response prior to the appearance of visible foliar symptoms: pigment degradation, stomatal conductance (g(s)) and net photosynthetic CO(2) assimilation Pigment degradation was found to be unreliable in predicting species sensitivity to O(3). Evidence supporting stomatal conductance involvement in O(3) tolerance was found only in tolerant species. A good correlation was found between g(s), restriction of O(3) and CO(2) influx into the mesophyll tissues, and P(net). Changes in P(net) seemed to depend largely on fluctuations in g(s). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alexandria, Fac Agr, Dept Agr Bot, Damanhour, Egypt. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Laurence, JA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jalaurence@fs.fed.us NR 35 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 120 IS 2 BP 339 EP 353 AR PII S0269-7491(02)00117-3 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00117-3 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 603VZ UT WOS:000178582800023 PM 12395848 ER PT J AU Vickerman, DB Shannon, MC Banuelos, GS Grieve, CM Trumble, JT AF Vickerman, DB Shannon, MC Banuelos, GS Grieve, CM Trumble, JT TI Evaluation of Atriplex lines for selenium accumulation, salt tolerance and suitability for a key agricultural insect pest SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Atriplex; herbivory; integrated production program; phytoremediation; selenium; Spodoptera exigua; saline drainage ID IRRIGATION WATER COMPOSITION; SPODOPTERA-EXIGUA; PLANT; SALINITY; GROWTH; SOIL; PERFORMANCE; FORM AB Thirty Atriplex lines were examined for potential habitat improvement and phytoremediation of selenium (Se) contaminated sites. Studies were conducted to determine the biomass production, Se accumulation, and resistance of each line to the beet army-worm, Spodoptera. exigua, an agriculturally important insect. Plants were tested using three salinity treatments: (1) control, no Se; (2) NaCl and CaCl2 salts and 1 mg l(-1) Se (12.7 muM) added as Sodium selenate; and (3) iso-osmotic to treatment 2 containing high concentrations of sulfate and 1 mg l(-1) Se added as sodium selenate. Insect bioassays measured survival, growth, and development. Atriplex patula, A. spongiosa 415862, A. hortensis, A. hortensis 379088 and A. hortensis 379092 were among the top biomass producers and Se accumulators, yet they exhibited significantly reduced insect growth, development, and survival. High background sulfate strongly reduced Se accumulation, suggesting that phytoremediation potential is greatest in saline areas having low to moderate Sulfate levels. However, these lines grew well in high salinity soils, indicating possible use as a self-seeding cover crop to improve habitat. All plant lines grown in control and high sulfate salinity treatments are acceptable oviposition sites for S. exigua, indicating that these plants would help reduce populations of this key agricultural pest. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. ARS, USDA, Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. ARS, Water Management Res Lab, USDA, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. RP Vickerman, DB (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 120 IS 2 BP 463 EP 473 AR PII S0269-7491(02)00116-1 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00116-1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 603VZ UT WOS:000178582800035 PM 12395860 ER PT J AU Grulke, NE Preisler, HK Fan, CC Retzlaff, WA AF Grulke, NE Preisler, HK Fan, CC Retzlaff, WA TI A statistical approach to estimate O-3 uptake of ponderosa pine in a mediterranean climate SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ozone uptake; ponderosa pine; stomatal conductance; TREGRO ID STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; OZONE UPTAKE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; GROWTH; MODEL; WATER; DEPOSITION; EXPOSURE; ALLOCATION AB In highly polluted sites, stomatal behavior is sluggish with respect to light, vapor pressure deficit, and internal CO2 concentration (G) and poorly described by existing models. Statistical models were developed to estimate stomatal conductance (gs) of 40-year-old ponderosa pine at three sites differing in pollutant exposure for the purpose of calculating O-3 uptake. Gs was estimated using julian day, hour of day, pre-dawn xylem potential and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). The median difference between estimated and observed field gs did not exceed 10 mmol H2O m(-2) s(-1), and estimated gs within 95% confidence intervals. O-3 uptake was calculated from hourly estimated gs, hourly O-3 concentration, and a constant to correct for the difference in diffusivity between water vapor and O-3. The simulation model TREGRO was also used to calculate the cumulative O-3 uptake at all three sites. O-3 uptake estimated by the statistical model was higher than that simulated by TREGRO because gas exchange rates were proportionally higher. O-3 exposure and uptake were significantly correlated (r(2) > 0.92), because O-3 exposure and gs were highly correlated in both statistical and simulation models. (c) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. So Illinois Univ, Environm Sci Program, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. RP Grulke, NE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 49 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 119 IS 2 BP 163 EP 175 AR PII S0269-7491(01)00338-4 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00338-4 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 559JW UT WOS:000176023900003 PM 12152824 ER PT J AU Zeller, K AF Zeller, K TI Summer and autumn ozone fluxes to a forest in the Czech Republic Brdy Mountains SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ozone; eddy flux; dry deposition; air quality; micrometeorology; AOT40 ID AIR-QUALITY STANDARDS; SPRUCE-FIR FOREST; EDDY-CORRELATION; DRY DEPOSITION; VEGETATION; DIOXIDE; EUROPE; SITE AB In an effort to examine ozone (03) deposition over a forest site in the Czech Republic, a low cost eddy flux experiment using slow response ozone and temperature sensors was implemented in July 1993 within the Brdy Mountains. Half-hour 2-Hz ozone and sensible heat measurements made at the Brdy Mountains for 98 days during the period 7 July 1994-20 October 1994 are analyzed and reported, While the Czech Brdy Mountains AOT40 level for the overall 104 day period was 7.6 ppm h (15.1 ppm h for the full 24-h summation), indicating a slight potential for 03 injury, the 1994 summer to autumn measured forest 03 uptake was 2.4 ( +/-10.9) g m(-2), not unusually high compared to other studies. Average summer midday O-3 fluxes and deposition velocities were -1.0 (+/-0.6) etag m(-2) s(-1) and 1.1 (+/-0.7) cm s(-1), and autumn values were -0.316 (+/-0.4) mug m(-2) s(-1) and 0.7 (+/-0.5) cm s(-1), respectively. A unique contribution of this Study is the first time demonstrated use of slow responding sensors for eddy covariance flux measurements at heights of 20 m above a forest. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Zeller, K (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 119 IS 2 BP 269 EP 278 AR PII S0269-7491(01)00176-2 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00176-2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 559JW UT WOS:000176023900013 PM 12152834 ER PT J AU Manning, WJ Godzik, B Musselman, R AF Manning, WJ Godzik, B Musselman, R TI Potential bioindicator plant species for ambient ozone in forested mountain areas of central Europe SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ozone; bioindicators; forests; mountains; central Europe ID GROWTH-RESPONSES; INJURY; SWITZERLAND; EXPOSURE; VEGETATION; POLLUTION; SYMPTOMS; REGION; POLAND AB From 1993 to 2000, trees, shrubs, forbs and vines were evaluated for symptoms of probable ozone injury in the vicinity of passive ozone samplers or active ozone monitors in forest condition assessment networks in mostly mountainous regions, principally the Carpathian Mountain Range, in the central European countries Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Ukraine. Each country was visited at least twice during the time period. Over the course of eight seasons, 29 species of native plants were identified as potential bioindicators of ozone. This is the first report of probable ozone injury on native plants in central Europe. Forbs and shrubs made up the bulk of the species (21 of 29). Potential bioindicators that are widely distributed include the forbs Centaurea nigra, and Impatiens parviflora and the shrubs Alnus incana, Corylus avellana, and Sambucus racemosa. Ozone concentrations in forested areas of central Europe appear to be high enough and of sufficient duration to cause foliar injury on a wide variety of native plants. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Krakow, Poland. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Manning, WJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RI Godzik, Barbara/G-7791-2011 NR 32 TC 44 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 119 IS 3 BP 283 EP 290 AR PII S0269-7491(02)00102-1 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00102-1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 571QP UT WOS:000176728400002 PM 12166662 ER PT J AU Bytnerowicz, A Tausz, M Alonso, R Jones, D Johnson, R Grulke, N AF Bytnerowicz, A Tausz, M Alonso, R Jones, D Johnson, R Grulke, N TI Summer-time distribution of air pollutants in Sequoia National Park, california SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Environment and Agriculture: The Nitrogen Compounds CY NOV 15-20, 1999 CL VALENCIA, SPAIN DE ozone; nitrogenous pollutants; elevation gradient; forests; spatial variability; passive samplers ID SIERRA-NEVADA; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; DEPOSITION; OZONE; MOUNTAINS; NITROGEN; FORESTS; POLLUTION; CHEMISTRY; QUALITY AB Concentrations of air pollutants were monitored during the May-November 1999 period on a network of forested sites in Sequoia National Park, California. Measurements were conducted with: (1) active monitors for nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O-3); (2) honeycomb denuder/filter pack systems for nitric acid vapor (HNO3), nitrous acid vapor (HNO2), ammonia (NH3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4+), and sulfate (SO42-), and (3) passive samplers for O-3, HNO3 and NO2. Elevated concentrations of O-3 (seasonal means 41-71 ppb), HNO3 (seasonal means 0.4-2.9 mug/ml), NH3 (seasonal means 1.6-4.5 mug/m(3)), NO3- (1.1-2.0 mug/m(3)) and NH4+ (1.0-1.9 mug/m(3)) were determined. Concentrations of other pollutants were low. With increasing elevation and distance from the pollution source area of O-3, NH3 and HNO3 concentrations decreased. Ammonia and NH4+ were dominant N pollutants indicating strong influence of agricultural emissions on forests and other ecosystems of the Sequoia National Park. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Pflanzenphysiol, A-8010 Graz, Austria. CIEMAT, DIAE, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RP Bytnerowicz, A (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RI Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013; Tausz, Michael /C-1990-2013; Alonso, Rocio/G-1383-2016 OI Tausz, Michael /0000-0001-8205-8561; Alonso, Rocio/0000-0003-3732-9347 NR 45 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 118 IS 2 BP 187 EP 203 AR PII S0269-7491(01)00312-8 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00312-8 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 535GB UT WOS:000174635900003 PM 11939282 ER PT J AU Donev, E Zeller, K Avramov, A AF Donev, E Zeller, K Avramov, A TI Preliminary background ozone concentrations in the mountain and coastal areas of Bulgaria SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ozone; rural air quality; background concentrations; meteorology; AOT40 ID SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; GREECE AB Urban and non-urban rural ozone (03) concentrations are high in Bulgaria and often exceed the European AOT40 ecosystem as well as the AOT60 human health standards. This paper presents preliminary estimates to establish background, non-urban O-3 concentrations for the southern region of Bulgaria. Ozone concentrations from three distinctly different sites are presented: a mountain site influenced by mountain valley wind flow; a coastal site influenced by sea-breeze wind flow; and a 1700-m mountain peak site without 'local' wind flow characteristics. The latter offers the best estimate of 46-50 ppb for a background O-3 level. The highest non-urban hourly value, 118 ppb, was measured at the mountain-valley site. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Sofia, Fac Phys, Dept Meteorol, BU-1126 Sofia, Bulgaria. RP Zeller, K (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 117 IS 2 BP 281 EP 286 AR PII S0269-7491(01)00192-0 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00192-0 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 521TH UT WOS:000173857300010 PM 11916042 ER PT J AU Bytnerowicz, A Godzik, B Fraczek, W Grodzinska, K Krywult, M Badea, O Barancok, P Blum, O Cerny, M Godzik, S Mankovska, B Manning, W Moravcik, P Musselman, R Oszlanyi, J Postelnicu, D Szdzuj, J Varsavova, M Zota, M AF Bytnerowicz, A Godzik, B Fraczek, W Grodzinska, K Krywult, M Badea, O Barancok, P Blum, O Cerny, M Godzik, S Mankovska, B Manning, W Moravcik, P Musselman, R Oszlanyi, J Postelnicu, D Szdzuj, J Varsavova, M Zota, M TI Distribution of ozone and other air pollutants in forests of the Carpathian Mountains in central Europe SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ozone; sulfur dioxide; nitrogen dioxide; geostatistical models; landscape ID ADVERSE CROP RESPONSE; SURFACE OZONE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; NORTHWESTERN EUROPE; PHOTOCHEMICAL OZONE; DIFFERENT ALTITUDES; PASSIVE SAMPLERS; AMBIENT OZONE; EXPOSURE AB Ozone (O-3) concentrations were monitored during the 1997-1999 growing seasons in 32 forest sites of the Carpathian Mountains. At all sites (elevation between 450 and 1320 in) concentrations of O-3, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were measured with passive samplers. In addition, in two western Carpathian locations, Vychodna and Gubalowka, ozone was continuously monitored with ultraviolet (UV) absorption monitors. Highest average hourly O-3 concentrations in the Vychodna and Gubalowka sites reached 160 and 200 mug/m(3) (82 and 102 ppb), respectively (except for the AOT40 values, ozone concentrations are presented as mug/m(3) and at 25 degreesC and 760 nim Hg, O-3/m(3) = 0.51 ppb O-3). These sites showed drastically different patterns of diurnal O-3 distribution, one with clearly defined peaks in the afternoon and lowest values in the morning, the other with flat patterns during the entire 24-h period. On two elevational transects, no effect of elevation on O-3 levels was seen on the first one, while on the other a significant increase Of O-3 levels with elevation occurred. Concentrations Of O-3 determined with passive samplers were significantly different between individual monitoring years, monitoring periods, and geographic location of the monitoring sites. Results of passive sampler monitoring showed that high O-3 concentrations could be expected in many parts of the Carpathian range, especially in its western part, but also in the eastern and southern ranges. More than four-fold denser network of monitoring sites is required for reliable estimates Of O-3 distribution in forests over the entire Carpathian range (140 points). Potential phytotoxic effects Of O-3 on forest trees and understory vegetation are expected on almost the entire territory of the Carpathian Mountains. This assumption is based on estimates of the AOT40 indices for forest trees and natural vegetation. Concentrations of NO2 and SO2 in the entire Carpathian range were typical for this part of Europe and below the expected levels of phytotoxicity. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92502 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Krakow, Poland. Environm Syst Res Inst, Redlands, CA USA. Forest Res Inst, Bucharest, Romania. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Landscape Ecol, Bratislava, Slovakia. Natl Acad Sci, Cent Bot Garden, Kiev, Ukraine. Inst Forest Ecosyst Res, Jilove, Czech Republic. Inst Ecol Ind Areas, Katowice, Poland. Forestry Res Inst Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Microbiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. Geosyst, Bucharest, Romania. RP Bytnerowicz, A (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92502 USA. RI Godzik, Barbara/G-7791-2011; Bytnerowicz, Andrzej/A-8017-2013 NR 79 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 IS 1 BP 3 EP 25 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00187-7 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 502UG UT WOS:000172760700002 PM 11808553 ER PT J AU Barbo, DN Chappelka, AH Somers, GL Miller-Goodman, MS Stolte, K AF Barbo, DN Chappelka, AH Somers, GL Miller-Goodman, MS Stolte, K TI Ozone impacts on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) grown in a competitive environment SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE plant competition; Pinus taeda; tropospheric ozone; succession; native vegetation ID OPEN-POLLINATED FAMILIES; ACIDIC PRECIPITATION; SEEDLINGS; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE; INTERFERENCE; NUTRITION; INDEXES; SEASONS; PLANTS AB One-year old, bare-root, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings grown in an early successional plant community, were exposed to four ozone treatments, 12 h day(-1) (09.00-21:59 It CST), 7 day week(-1) in east-central Alabama for 2 years (1994-1995). Treatments included AA = ambient air (open plot, no chamber), CF = carbon-filtered air (approximately 0.5xAA), 1X = non-filtered air, and 2X = twice ambient (AA) air. Pine height and diameter were measured monthly for 2 years and total above-ground biomass determined at termination of the experiment. In addition, height, diameter and volume (d(2)h) growth was modeled for the 2-year study. Trees growing in the CF chambers exhibited the least growth for any variable measured. The predicted height growth rate (r) was the least for the CF- and 2X-treated pines when compared with the AA and 1X treatments. In addition, percent total vegetative cover was significantly negatively correlated with height, diameter and volume growth in 1994, but not 1995. Our findings regarding the trees growing in the CF treatments, are contrary to previous reports regarding ozone impacts to loblolly pine grown without competition from other vegetation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Chappelka, AH (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, 108 M White Smith Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 33 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00206-8 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 502UG UT WOS:000172760700003 PM 11808552 ER PT J AU Fries, GF Feil, VJ Zaylskie, RG Bialek, KM Rice, CP AF Fries, GF Feil, VJ Zaylskie, RG Bialek, KM Rice, CP TI Treated wood in livestock facilities: relationships among residues of pentachlorophenol, dioxins, and furans in wood and beef SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE dioxins; furans; pentachlorophenol; wood; beef; residues ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS AB Wood and other environmental samples were collected from sites that produced beef with higher than average residues of dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and dibenzofuran (PCDF), Analyses of these samples for PCDD/Fs and pentachlorophenol (PCP) indicated that the high beef residues were associated with PCP-treated wood in the animal facilities. Concentrations of PCDD/Fs in wood as toxic equivalents ranged from 10 to 320,000 pg/g. These concentrations were closely related to the concentrations of PCP, indicating that analysis for PCP provides an economical method to identify wood with high concentrations of PCDD/Fs. Further evidence for the PCP-treated wood as the source of the beef residues is provided by the similarity of the congener profiles in beef from the sites and those profiles predicted from the profiles in wood, Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Fries, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 5 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 IS 2 BP 301 EP 307 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00122-1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 506AW UT WOS:000172948600014 PM 11806459 ER PT J AU Mickler, RA McNulty, SG AF Mickler, RA McNulty, SG TI Special issue: Terrestrial carbon - Part I - Preface SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Mickler, RA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Global Change Program, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 IS 3 BP 351 EP 351 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00210-X PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 504TB UT WOS:000172871000001 ER PT J AU Heath, LS Birdsey, RA Williams, DW AF Heath, LS Birdsey, RA Williams, DW TI Methodology for estimating soil carbon for the forest carbon budget model of the United States, 2001 SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Inventory, Measurements, and Monitoring CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA SP USDA Forest Serv, USDA Agr Res Serv, USDA Natl Resource Conservat Serv, US DOE, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvment, NASA DE carbon cycle; climate change; FORCARB; land use change; forest inventory ID ORGANIC-MATTER; STORAGE; SEQUESTRATION; CULTIVATION; VEGETATION; MANAGEMENT; NITROGEN; DYNAMICS; BIOMASS AB The largest carbon (C) pool in United States forests is the soil C pool. We present methodology and soil C pool estimates used in the FORCARB model, which estimates and projects forest carbon budgets for the United States. The methodology balances knowledge, uncertainties, and ease of use. The estimates are calculated using the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service STATSGO database, with soil dynamics following assumptions based on results of site-specific studies, and area estimates from the USDA Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis data and national-level land cover data sets. Harvesting is assumed to have no effect on soil C. Land use change and forest type transitions affect soil C. We apply the methodology to the southeastern region of the United States as a case study. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Heath, LS (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 44 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 IS 3 BP 373 EP 380 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00213-5 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 504TB UT WOS:000172871000004 PM 11822715 ER PT J AU Nowak, DJ Crane, DE AF Nowak, DJ Crane, DE TI Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Inventory, Measurements, and Monitoring CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA SP USDA Forest Serv, USDA Agr Res Serv, USDA Natl Resource Conservat Serv, US DOE, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvment, NASA DE global climate change; carbon dioxide; urban forestry; carbon storage; carbon sequestration ID FORESTS AB Based on field data from 10 USA cities and national urban tree cover data, it is estimated that urban trees in the coterminous USA currently store 700 million tonnes of carbon ($14,300 million value) with a gross carbon sequestration rate of 22.8 million tC/yr ($460 million/year). Carbon storage within cities ranges from 1.2 million tC in New York, NY, to 19,300 tC in Jersey City, NJ. Regions with the greatest proportion of urban land are the Northeast (8.5%) and the southeast (7.1%). Urban forests in the north central, northeast, south central and southeast regions of the USA store and sequester the most carbon, with average carbon storage per hectare greatest in southeast, north central, northeast and Pacific northwest regions, respectively. The national average urban forest carbon storage density is 25.1 tC/ha, compared with 53.5 tC/ha in forest stands. These data can be used to help assess the actual and potential role of urban forests in reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide, a dominant greenhouse gas. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn,Moon Lib 5, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Nowak, DJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn,Moon Lib 5, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. NR 31 TC 352 Z9 439 U1 16 U2 183 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 IS 3 BP 381 EP 389 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00214-7 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 504TB UT WOS:000172871000005 PM 11822716 ER PT J AU Schuman, GE Janzen, HH Herrick, JE AF Schuman, GE Janzen, HH Herrick, JE TI Soil carbon dynamics and potential carbon sequestration by rangelands SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Inventory, Measurements, and Monitoring CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA SP USDA Forest Serv, USDA Agr Res Serv, USDA Natl Resource Conservat Serv, US DOE, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvment, NASA DE sequestration; rangelands; grazing; management; organic carbon ID GREAT-PLAINS; NITROGEN; ECOSYSTEMS; GRASS; MANAGEMENT; LANDS AB The USA has about 336 Mha of grazing lands of which rangelands account for 48%. Changes in rangeland soil C can occur in response to a wide range of management and environmental factors. Grazing, fire, arid fertilization have been shown to affect soil C storage in rangelands, as has converting marginal croplands into grasslands. Carbon losses due to soil erosion can influence soil C storage on rangelands both by reducing soil productivity in source areas and potentially increasing it in depositional areas, and by redistributing the C to areas where soil organic matter mineralization rates are different. Proper grazing management has been estimated to increase soil C storage on US rangelands from 0.1 to 0.3 Mg C ha(-1)year(-1) and new grasslands have been shown to store as much as 0.6 Mg C ha(-1)year(-1). Grazing lands are estimated to contain 10-30% of the world's soil organic carbon. Given the size of the C pool in grazing lands we need to better understand the current and potential effects of management on soil C storage. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Schuman, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RI daorui, han/G-3767-2011 NR 43 TC 154 Z9 200 U1 7 U2 71 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 IS 3 BP 391 EP 396 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00215-9 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 504TB UT WOS:000172871000006 PM 11822717 ER PT J AU Frank, AB AF Frank, AB TI Carbon dioxide fluxes over a grazed prairie and seeded pasture in the Northern Great Plains SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Inventory, Measurements, and Monitoring CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA SP USDA Forest Serv, USDA Agr Res Serv, USDA Natl Resource Conservat Serv, US DOE, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvment, NASA DE carbon dioxide uptake; global carbon cycle; rangeland; Bowen ratio; natural ecosystems ID TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; CO2; BUDGET; SOIL; SEQUESTRATION; STORAGE; CYCLE; SINK AB Temperate grasslands are vast terrestrial ecosystems that may be an important component of the global carbon (C) cycle; however, annual C flux data for these grasslands are limited. The Bowen ratio/energy balance (BREB) technique was used to measure CO2 fluxes over a grazed mixed-grass prairie and a seeded western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rybd) Love] site at Mandan, ND from 24 April to 26 October in 1996, 1997, and 1998. Above-ground biomass and leaf area index (LAI) were measured about every 21 days throughout the season. Root biomass and soil organic C and N content were determined to 110 cm depth in selected increments about mid-July each year. Peak above-ground biomass and LAI coincided with peak fluxes and occurred between mid-July to early August. Biomass averaged 1227 and 1726 kg ha(-1) and LAI 0.44 and 0.59, for prairie and western wheatgrass, respectively. Average CO2 flux for the growing season was 279 g CO2 m(-2) for prairie and 218 g CO2 m(-2) for western wheatgrass (positive flux is CO2 uptake and negative flux is CO2 loss to the atmosphere). Using prior measured dormant season CO2 fluxes from the prairie sites gave annual flux estimates that ranged from -131 to 128 g CO2 m(-2) for western wheatgrass and from -70 to 189 g CO2 m(-2) for the prairie. This wide range in calculated annual fluxes suggests that additional research is required concerning dormant season flux measurements to obtain accurate estimates of annual CO, fluxes. These results suggest Northern Great Plains mixed-grass prairie grasslands can either be a sink or a source for atmospheric CO2 or near equilibrium, depending on the magnitude of the dormant season flux. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Frank, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 459,Hwy 6 S, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. NR 25 TC 64 Z9 94 U1 5 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 IS 3 BP 397 EP 403 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00216-0 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 504TB UT WOS:000172871000007 PM 11822718 ER PT J AU Rickman, R Douglas, C Albrecht, S Berc, J AF Rickman, R Douglas, C Albrecht, S Berc, J TI Tillage, crop rotation, and organic amendment effect on changes in soil organic matter SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Inventory, Measurements, and Monitoring CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA SP USDA Forest Serv, USDA Agr Res Serv, USDA Natl Resource Conservat Serv, US DOE, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvment, NASA DE carbon sequestration; organic matter; agricultural soils; tillage; crop rotation AB Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils is controlled by the balance of added organic residues and microbial oxidation of both residues and native organic matter (OM) as moderated by management and tillage. The PC-based model CQESTR predicts decomposition of residues, organic amendments and soil OM, based on cropping practices. CQESTR uses RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) crop rotation and management practice, crop production, and operation databases. These data are supplemented with residue nitrogen and soil OM, bulk density, and layer thickness. CQESTR was calibrated with soil carbon data from 70-year-long experiments at the Research Center at Pendleton, OR. The calibrated model provides estimates with a 95% confidence interval of 0.33% OM. Validation at 11 independent sites resulted in a matching of observed with calculated OM with a 95% confidence interval of 0.55% OM. A 12th site, with a history of severe erosion, provided a poor match. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Rickman, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Box 370, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. NR 9 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 IS 3 BP 405 EP 411 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00217-2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 504TB UT WOS:000172871000008 PM 11822719 ER PT J AU McCarty, GW Ritchie, JC AF McCarty, GW Ritchie, JC TI Impact of soil movement on carbon sequestration in agricultural ecosystems SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Inventory, Measurements, and Monitoring CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA SP USDA Forest Serv, USDA Agr Res Serv, USDA Natl Resource Conservat Serv, US DOE, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvment, NASA DE soil movement; soil carbon; terrestrial ecosystems; wetlands; sedimentation ID RATES; TERRESTRIAL; EROSION; PATTERNS; STORAGE; MODELS AB Recent modeling studies indicate that soil erosion and terrestrial sedimentation may establish ecosystem disequilibria that promote carbon (C) sequestration within the biosphere. Movement of upland eroded soil into wetland systems with high net primary productivity may represent the greatest increase in storage capacity potential for C sequestration. The capacity of wetland systems to capture sediments and build up areas of deposition has been documented as well as the ability of these ecosystems to store substantial amounts of C. The purpose of our work was to assess rates of sediment deposition and C storage in a wetland site adjacent to a small first-order stream that drains an agricultural area. The soils of the wetland site consist of a histosol buried by sediments from the agricultural area. Samples of deposited sediments in the riparian zone were collected in 5 cm increments and the concentration of Cs-137 was used to determine the 1964 and 1954 deposition layers. Agricultural activity in the watershed has caused increased sediment deposition to the wetland. The recent upland sediment is highly enriched in organic matter indicating that large amounts of organic C have been sequestered within this zone of sediment deposition. Rates of sequestration are much higher than rates that have occurred over the pre-modern history of the wetland. These data indicate the increased sedimentation rates in the wetland ecosystem are associated with increased C sequestration rates. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP McCarty, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 007,Room 201,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 77 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 IS 3 BP 423 EP 430 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00219-6 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 504TB UT WOS:000172871000010 PM 11822721 ER PT J AU Eve, MD Sperow, M Paustian, K Follett, RF AF Eve, MD Sperow, M Paustian, K Follett, RF TI National-scale estimation of changes in soil carbon stocks on agricultural lands SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Inventory, Measurements, and Monitoring CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NC SP USDA Forest Serv, USDA Agr Res Serv, USDA Natl Resource Conservat Serv, US DOE, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, NASA DE carbon sequestration; global change; land use change; IPCC inventory; carbon dioxide (CO(2)); greenhouse gas ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; ORGANIC-CARBON; SEQUESTRATION; RESOURCES; DYNAMICS; MATTER; SINKS AB Average annual net change in soil carbon stocks under past and current management is needed as part of national reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and to evaluate the potential for soils as sinks to mitigate increasing atmospheric CO(2). We estimated net soil C stock changes for US agricultural soils during the period from 1982 to 1997 using the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) method for greenhouse gas inventories. Land use data from the NRI (National Resources Inventory; USDA-NRCS) were used as input along with ancillary data sets on climate, soils, and agricultural management. Our results show that, overall, changes in land use and agricultural management have resulted in a net gain of 21.2 MMT C year(-1) in US agricultural soils during this period. Cropped lands account for 15.1 MMT C year(-1), while grazing land soil C increased 6.1 MMT C year(-1). The land use and management changes that have contributed the most to increasing soil C during this period are (1) adoption of conservation tillage practices on cropland, (2) enrollment of cropland in the Conservation Reserve Program, and (3) cropping intensification that has resulted in reduced use of bare fallow. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Eve, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM meve@nrel.colostate.edu RI Paustian, Keith/L-7593-2016 NR 42 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 IS 3 BP 431 EP 438 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00220-2 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 504TB UT WOS:000172871000011 PM 11822722 ER PT J AU Bird, SB Herrick, JE Wander, MM Wright, SF AF Bird, SB Herrick, JE Wander, MM Wright, SF TI Spatial heterogeneity of aggregate stability and soil carbon in semi-arid rangeland SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Inventory, Measurements, and Monitoring CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NC SP USDA Forest Serv, USDA Agr Res Serv, USDA Natl Resource Conservat Serv, US DOE, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvement, NASA DE soil structure; soil organic matter; carbon sequestration; spatial heterogeneity; Chihuahuan desert ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; SOUTHERN NEW-MEXICO; ORGANIC-MATTER; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; DESERT ECOSYSTEMS; GLOMALIN; DESERTIFICATION; FRACTIONS; GRASSLAND; BIOTA AB To measure and manage for C sequestration in heterogeneous rangeland systems, we need to more fully understand spatial patterns of soil resources. Spatial distributions of aggregate stability and soil carbon were investigated in a semiarid rangeland in New Mexico, USA. Soil was analyzed from plant interspaces, black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda (Torn) Torr.), and mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr.) in a landscape-replicated study. Aggregate stability at the 250 mum scale, carbonate C, organic C and N, C:N ratio, and glomalin, were all highest under mesquite. Soil C:N ratio was the best predictor of aggregate stability. Estimates of metric tons of C per hectare in the top 10 cm were highly variable at patch and landscape scales, varying from 4.2 to 10.5 under mesquite and from 3.0 to 7.0 in interspaces. High variability of aggregate stability and soil C has important implications for C sequestration. We argue that this multi-scale soil heterogeneity must be considered when measuring and managing for C sequestration. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Herrick, JE (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, MSC 3JER, POB 80003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM jherrick@nmsu.edu NR 47 TC 86 Z9 97 U1 5 U2 56 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 IS 3 BP 445 EP 455 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00222-6 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 504TB UT WOS:000172871000013 PM 11822724 ER PT J AU Reeder, JD Schuman, GE AF Reeder, JD Schuman, GE TI Influence of livestock grazing on C sequestration in semi-arid mixed-grass and short-grass rangelands SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Inventory, Measurements, and Monitoring CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA SP USDA Forest Serv, USDA Agr Res Serv, USDA Natl Resource Conservat Serv, US DOE, Natl Council Air & Stream Improvment, NASA DE carbon; C storage; grasslands; grazing; Great Plains ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; LONG-TERM; NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ECONOMIC RESPONSES; NITROGEN; CARBON; VEGETATION; MANAGEMENT; GRADIENT; REGROWTH AB We evaluated the effects of livestock grazing on C content of the plant-soil system (to 60 cm) of two semi-arid grasslands: a mixed-grass prairie (grazed 12 years), and a short-grass steppe (grazed 56 years). Grazing treatments included season-long grazing at heavy and light stocking rates, and non-grazed exclosures. Significantly higher soil C (0-30cm) was measured in grazed pastures compared to non-grazed exclosures, although for the short-grass steppe higher soil C was observed with the heavy grazing treatment only. Excluding grazing caused an immobilization of C in excessive aboveground plant litter, and an increase in annual forbs and grasses which lack dense fibrous rooting systems conducive to soil organic matter formation and accumulation. Our data indicate that higher soil C with grazing was in part the result of more rapid annual shoot turnover, and redistribution of C within the plant-soil system as a result of changes in plant species composition. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Reeder, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crops Res Lab, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 42 TC 125 Z9 193 U1 10 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 IS 3 BP 457 EP 463 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00223-8 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 504TB UT WOS:000172871000014 PM 11822725 ER PT J AU Chojnacky, DC Heath, LS AF Chojnacky, DC Heath, LS TI Estimating down deadwood from FIA forest inventory variables in Maine SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem: Carbon Inventory Measurements and Monitoring Conference CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA DE coarse woody debris (CWD); carbon; nontimber products; CART; MARS ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; UNITED-STATES; OLD-GROWTH; CARBON; DYNAMICS AB Down deadwood (DDW) is a carbon component important in the function and structure of forest ecosystems, but estimating DDW is problematic because these data are not widely available in forest inventory databases. However, DDW data were collected on USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots during Maine's 1995 inventory. This study examines ways to predict DDW biomass from other FIA variables so that DDW could be estimated without tedious measurement. Our results include a regression model that predicts DDW as a function of stand size class, basal area of dead and cut trees, and dummy variables for forest type and forest industry ownership. We also found DDW similar to FIA's standing-tree mortality at a statewide scale, Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Inventory Res Enterprise Unit, VMPR, Washington, DC 20090 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, No Global Change Program, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Chojnacky, DC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Inventory Res Enterprise Unit, VMPR, RP-C 4th Floor,POB 96090, Washington, DC 20090 USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 SU 1 BP S25 EP S30 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00243-3 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511XU UT WOS:000173291500004 PM 11833911 ER PT J AU Conkling, BL Hoover, CM Smith, WD Palmer, CJ AF Conkling, BL Hoover, CM Smith, WD Palmer, CJ TI Using forest health monitoring data to integrate above and below ground carbon information SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem: Carbon Inventory Measurements and Monitoring Conference CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA DE carbon sequestration; soils; biomass; carbon content; modeling ID SOILS AB The national Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) program conducted a remeasurement study in 1999 to evaluate the usefulness and feasibility of collecting data needed for investigating carbon budgets in forests. This study indicated that FHM data are adequate for detecting a 20% change over 10 years (2% change per year) in percent total carbon and carbon content (MgC/ha) when sampling by horizon, with greater than 80% probability that a change in carbon content will be determined when a change has truly occurred (P less than or equal to 0.33). The data were also useful in producing estimates of forest floor and soil carbon stocks by depth that were somewhat lower than literature values used for comparison. The scale at which the data were collected lends itself to producing standing stock estimates needed for carbon budget development and carbon cycle modeling. The availability of site-specific forest mensuration data enables the exploration of above ground and below ground linkages. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Conkling, BL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 SU 1 BP S221 EP S232 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00254-8 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511XU UT WOS:000173291500025 PM 11833909 ER PT J AU Del Grosso, S Ojima, D Parton, W Mosier, A Peterson, G Schimel, D AF Del Grosso, S Ojima, D Parton, W Mosier, A Peterson, G Schimel, D TI Simulated effects of dryland cropping intensification on soil organic matter and greenhouse gas exchanges using the DAYCENT ecosystem model SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem: Carbon Inventory Measurements and Monitoring Conference CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA DE C sequestration; greenhouse gases; land use; modeling; DAYCENT ID COLORADO SHORTGRASS STEPPE; FALLOW TILLAGE MANAGEMENT; LAND-USE CHANGE; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; WHEAT-FALLOW; METHANE OXIDATION; NITRIC-OXIDE; EMISSIONS; NITROGEN; AGRICULTURE AB We present evidence to show that DAYCENT can reliably simulate soil C levels, crop yields, and annual trace gas fluxes for various soils. DAYCENT was applied to compare the net greenhouse gas fluxes for soils under different land uses. To calculate net greenhouse gas flux we accounted for changes in soil organic C, the C equivalents of N2O emissions and CH4 uptake, and the CO2 costs of N fertilizer production. Model results and data show that dryland soils that are depleted of C due to conventional till winter wheat/fallow cropping can store C upon conversion to no till, by reducing the fallow period, or by reversion to native vegetation. However, model results suggest that dryland agricultural soils will still be net sources of greenhouse gases although the magnitude of the source can be significantly reduced and yields can be increased upon conversion to no till annual cropping. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. RP Del Grosso, S (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016 NR 38 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 6 U2 48 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 SU 1 BP S75 EP S83 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00260-3 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511XU UT WOS:000173291500010 PM 11833921 ER PT J AU Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA AF Franzluebbers, AJ Stuedemann, JA TI Particulate and non-particulate fractions of soil organic carbon under pastures in the Southern Piedmont USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem: Carbon Inventory, Measurements, and Monitoring Conference CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NC SP USDA Forest Serv So Global Change Program DE bermudagrass; endophyte; grazing; haying; tall fescue ID TILLAGE IMPACTS; NITROGEN; MATTER; MANAGEMENT; DECOMPOSITION; POOLS AB Pasture management can be effective at sequestering soil organic C. We determined the depth distribution of particulate organic C (POC), non-particulate organic C (NPOC), particulate-to-total organic C (POC-to-TOC) ratio, and particulate organic C-to-N (POC-to-N) ratio under pastures near Watkinsville, GA, USA. POC was highly related with total organic C (TOC), but became an increasingly larger portion of TOC near the soil surface, where both pools were greatest. POC and NPOC were (i) greater under pasture than under conservation-tillage cropland, (ii) greater when pasture was grazed than when hayed, (iii) marginally greater with higher fertilization of pasture, (iv) greater with higher frequency of endophyte infection of tall fescue, and (v) greater under increasing stand age of grass. Soil under pasture comparisons that had greater TOC content had (i) larger improvements in POC than in NPOC and (ii) lower POC-to-N ratios, suggesting improvement in biochemical soil quality, as well as soil C sequestration. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Franzluebbers, AJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. EM afranz@arches.uga.edu NR 24 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 SU 1 BP S53 EP S62 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00247-0 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511XU UT WOS:000173291500008 PM 11833918 ER PT J AU Grimmond, CSB King, TS Cropley, FD Nowak, DJ Souch, C AF Grimmond, CSB King, TS Cropley, FD Nowak, DJ Souch, C TI Local-scale fluxes of carbon dioxide in urban environments: methodological challenges and results from Chicago SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem: Carbon Inventory Measurements and Monitoring Conference CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA DE urban environment; carbon dioxide fluxes; eddy-covariance ID SURFACE-AIR EXCHANGE; 1995 HEAT-WAVE; MICROMETEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; TALL VEGETATION; SOUTHERN POLAND; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; RURAL TRANSECT; CO2; ATMOSPHERE; QUALITY AB Much attention is being directed to the measurement and modeling of surface-atmosphere exchanges of CO2 for different surface types. However, as yet, few measurements have been conducted in cities, even though these environments are widely acknowledged to be major sources of anthropogenic CO2. This paper highlights some of the challenges facing micrometeorologists attempting to use eddy covariance techniques to directly monitor CO2 fluxes in urban environments, focusing on the inherent variability within and between urban areas, and the importance of scale and the appropriate height of measurements. Results from a very short-term study of CO2 fluxes, undertaken in Chicago, Illinois in the summer of 1995, are presented. Mid-afternoon minimum CO2 concentrations and negative fluxes are attributed to the strength of biospheric photosynthesis and strong mixing of local anthropogenic sources in a deep mixed layer. Poor night-time atmospheric mixing, lower mixed layer depths, biospheric respiration, and continued emissions from mobile and fixed anthropogenic sources, account for the night-time maxima in CO2 concentrations. The need for more, longer-term, continuous eddy covariance measurements is stressed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Atmospher Sci Program, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Urban Forest Res Unit, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Grimmond, CSB (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Atmospher Sci Program, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RI Grimmond, Sue/A-2179-2009 OI Grimmond, Sue/0000-0002-3166-9415 NR 52 TC 102 Z9 112 U1 4 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 SU 1 BP S243 EP S254 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00256-1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511XU UT WOS:000173291500027 PM 11837237 ER PT J AU Hoover, CM Magrini, KA Evans, RJ AF Hoover, CM Magrini, KA Evans, RJ TI Soil carbon content and character in an old-growth forest in northwestern Pennsylvania: a case study introducing pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS) SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem: Carbon Inventory Measurements and Monitoring Conference CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA DE soil organic carbon; py-MBMS; soil carbon analysis; forest soils ID VEGETATION; BIOMASS; HARVEST; STORAGE AB This study was conducted to: (1) test the utility of a new and rapid analytical method, pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS), for the measurement and characterization of carbon in forest soils, and (2) examine the effects of natural disturbance on soil carbon dynamics. An additional objective was to test the ability of py-MBMS to distinguish recent from more stable humic substances, and to relate this information to the ecology and history of the sites. To test the utility of the py-MBMS technique, we investigated soil carbon stocks in a chronosequence of stands arising from natural disturbance in the Tionesta Scenic and Research Natural Areas. Soil carbon increased with increasing time since disturbance; although the exact shape of the carbon accumulation curve is not known, it appears that the rate of carbon accretion is initially rapid and then levels off, with a possible maximum of 86 metric tons/ha to a depth of 30 cm. This study also demonstrates that py-MBMS is a valid method for characterizing soil carbon and can be used with little sample preparation. In addition, multivariate analysis of the mass spectra from Tionesta soils can distinguish both sites and depths on the basis of their pyrolysis products; both long-lived and short-lived carbon forms were identified. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hoover, CM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 SU 1 BP S269 EP S275 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00258-5 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511XU UT WOS:000173291500029 PM 11833913 ER PT J AU Johnson, DW Knoepp, JD Swank, WT Shan, J Morris, LA Van Lear, DH Kapeluck, PR AF Johnson, DW Knoepp, JD Swank, WT Shan, J Morris, LA Van Lear, DH Kapeluck, PR TI Effects of forest management on soil carbon: results of some long-term resampling studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem: Carbon Inventory Measurements and Monitoring Conference CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA DE forest; soil; carbon; harvest; biomass ID MIXED OAK FOREST; LOBLOLLY-PINE; NUTRIENT; POOLS; ECOSYSTEMS; NITROGEN AB The effects of harvest intensity (sawlog, SAW; whole tree, WTH; and complete tree, CTH) on biomass and soil C were studied in four forested sites in the southeastern US (mixed deciduous forests at Oak Ridge, TN and Coweeta, NC; Pinus taeda at Clemson, SC and P. eliottii at Bradford, FL). In general, harvesting had no lasting effects on soil C. However, intensive temporal sampling at the NC and SC sites revealed short-term changes in soil C during the first few years after harvesting, and large, long-term increases in soil C were noted at the TN site in all treatments. Thus, changes in soil C were found even though lasting effects of harvest treatment were not. There were substantial differences in growth and biomass C responses to harvest treatments among sites. At the TN site. there were no differences in biomass at 15 years after harvest. At the SC site, greater biomass was found in the SAW than in the WTH treatment 16 years after harvest, and this effect is attributed to be due to both the N left on site in foliar residues and to the enhancement of soil physical and chemical properties by residues. At the FL site, greater biomass was found in the CTH than in the WTH treatment 15 years after harvest, and this effect is attributed to be due to differences in understory competition. Biomass data were not reported for NC. The effects of harvest treatment on ecosystem C are expected to magnify over time at the SC and FL sites as live biomass increases, whereas the current differences in ecosystem C at the TN site (which are due to the presence of undecomposed residues) are expected to lessen with time. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. RP Johnson, DW (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NR 24 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 SU 1 BP S201 EP S208 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00252-4 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511XU UT WOS:000173291500023 PM 11837236 ER PT J AU Magrini, KA Evans, RJ Hoover, CM Elam, CC Davis, MF AF Magrini, KA Evans, RJ Hoover, CM Elam, CC Davis, MF TI Use of pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS) to characterize forest soil carbon: method and preliminary results SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem: Carbon Inventory Measurements and Monitoring Conference CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA DE pyrolysis mass spectroscopy; soil organic carbon; forest soils; rapid soil analysis; disturbance ID ORGANIC-MATTER; BIOMASS AB The components of soil organic matter (SOM) and their degradation dynamics in forest soils are difficult to study and thus poorly understood, due to time-consuming sample collection, preparation, and difficulty of analyzing and identifying major components. As a result, changes in soil organic matter chemical composition as a function of age, forest type, or disturbance have not been examined. We applied pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry (py-MBMS), which provides rapid characterization of SOM of whole soil samples, to the Tionesta soil samples described by Hoover, C.M., Magrini, K.A., Evans, R.J., 2002. Soil carbon content and character in an old growth forest in northwestern Pennsylvania: a case study introducing molecular beam mass spectrometry (PY-MBMS). Environmental Pollution 116 (Supp.1), S269-S278. Our goals in this work were to: (1) develop and demonstrate an advanced, rapid analytical method for characterizing SOM components in whole soils, and (2) provide data-based models to predict soil carbon content and residence time from py-MBMS analysis. Using py-MBMS and pattern recognition techniques we were able to statistically distinguish among four Tionesta sites and show an increase in pyrolysis products of more highly decomposed plant materials at increasing sample depth. For example, all four sites showed increasing amounts of older carbon (phenolic and aromatic species) at deeper depths and higher amounts of more recent carbon (carbohydrates and lignin products) at shallower depths. These results indicate that this type of analysis could be used to rapidly characterize SOM for the purpose of developing a model, which could be used in monitoring the effect of forest management practices on carbon uptake and storage. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. RP Magrini, KA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 SU 1 BP S255 EP S268 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00257-3 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511XU UT WOS:000173291500028 PM 11833912 ER PT J AU McNulty, SG AF McNulty, SG TI Hurricane impacts on US forest carbon sequestration SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem: Carbon Inventory Measurements and Monitoring Conference CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA DE hurricane; carbon sequestration; forest; detritus ID CATASTROPHIC WIND; LOBLOLLY-PINE; UNITED-STATES; DAMAGE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; ENGLAND; GROWTH AB Recent focus has been given to US forests as a sink for increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Current estimates of US forest carbon sequestration average approximately 20 Tg (i.e. 10(12) g) year. However, predictions of forest carbon sequestration often do not include the influence of hurricanes on forest carbon storage. Intense hurricanes occur two out of three years across the eastern US. A single storm can convert the equivalent of 10% of the total annual carbon sequestrated by US forests into dead and downed biomass. Given that forests require at least 15 years to recover from a severe storm, a large amount of forest carbon is lost either directly (through biomass destruction) or indirectly (through lost carbon sequestration capacity) due to hurricanes. Only 15% of the total carbon in destroyed timber is salvaged following a major hurricane. The remainder of the carbon is left to decompose and eventually return to the atmosphere. Short-term increases in forest productivity due to increased nutrient inputs from detritus are not fully compensated by reduced stem stocking, and the recovery time needed to recover leaf area. Therefore, hurricanes are a significant factor in reducing short-term carbon storage in US forests. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Venture Ctr 2, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP McNulty, SG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Venture Ctr 2, 920 Main Campus Dr ,Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NR 46 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 SU 1 BP S17 EP S24 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00242-1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511XU UT WOS:000173291500003 PM 11833905 ER PT J AU Mickler, RA Earnhardt, TS Moore, JA AF Mickler, RA Earnhardt, TS Moore, JA TI Regional estimation of current and future forest biomass SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem: Carbon Inventory Measurements and Monitoring Conference CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA DE forest carbon; productivity modelling; fuel loading; net primary production ID CLIMATE-CHANGE AB The 90.674 wildland fires that burned 2.9 million ha at an estimated suppression cost of $1.6 billion in the United States during the 2000 fire season demonstrated that forest fuel loading has become a hazard to life, property, and ecosystem health as a result of past fire exclusion policies and practices. The fire regime at any given location in these regions is a result of complex interactions between forest biomass, topography, ignitions, and weather. Forest structure and biomass are important aspects in determining current and future fire regimes. Efforts to quantify live and dead forest biomass at the local to regional scale has been hindered by the uncertainty surrounding the measurement and modeling of forest ecosystem processes and fluxes. The interaction of elevated CO2 with climate, soil nutrients, and other forest management factors that affect forest growth and fuel loading will play a major role in determining future forest stand growth and the distribution of species across the southern United States. The use of satellite image analysis has been tested for timely and accurate measurement of spatially explicit land use change and is well suited for use in inventory and monitoring of forest carbon. The incorporation of Landsat Thematic Mapper data coupled with a physiologically based productivity model (PnET), soil water holding capacity, and historic and projected climatic data provides an opportunity to enhance field plot based forest inventory and monitoring methodologies. We use periodic forest inventory data from the USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) project to obtain estimates of forest area and type to generate estimates of carbon storage for evergreen, deciduous, and mixed forest classes for use in an assessment of remotely sensed forest cover at the regional scale for the southern United States. The displays of net primary productivity (NPP) generated from the PnET model show areas of high and low forest carbon storage potential and their spatial relationship to other landscape features for the southern United States, At the regional scale, predicted annual NPP in 1992 ranged from 836 to 2181 m(2) /year for evergreen forests and 769-2634 g/m(2)/year for deciduous forests with a regional mean for all forest land of 1448 g/m(2)/year. Prediction of annual NPP in 2050 ranged from 913 to 2076 g/m(2)/year for evergreen forest types to 1214-2376 g/m(2)/year for deciduous forest types with a regional mean for all forest land of 1659 g/m(2)/year. The changes in forest productivity from 1992 to 2050 are shown to display potential areas of increased or decreased forest biomass. This methodology addresses the need for spatially quantifying forest carbon in the terrestrial biosphere to assess forest productivity and wildland fire fuels. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Venture Ctr 2, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Venture Ctr 2, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Venture Ctr 2, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Mickler, RA (reprint author), Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Venture Ctr 2, 920 Main Campus Dr,Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NR 16 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 SU 1 BP S7 EP S16 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00241-X PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511XU UT WOS:000173291500002 PM 11833920 ER PT J AU Palmer, CJ Smith, WD Conkling, BL AF Palmer, CJ Smith, WD Conkling, BL TI Development of a protocol for monitoring status and trends in forest soil carbon at a national level SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem: Carbon Inventory Measurements and Monitoring Conference CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA DE soil carbon; soil bulk density; soil sampling; forest floors; forest monitoring ID ORGANIC-MATTER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MANAGEMENT; SEQUESTRATION; NUTRIENT; NITROGEN; HEALTH; INDICATORS; ECOSYSTEM; QUALITY AB The national Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) program requires protocols for monitoring soil carbon contents. In a pilot study, 30 FHM plots loblolly/shortleaf (Pinus taeda L./Pinus echinata Mill.) pine forests across Georgia were sampled by horizon and by depth increments. For total soil carbon, approximately 40% of the variance was between plots, 40% between subplots and 20% within subplots. Results by depth differed from those obtained by horizon primarily due to the rapid changes in carbon content from the top to the bottom of the A horizon. Published soil survey information overestimated bulk densities for these forest sites. The measurement of forest floor depths as a substitute to sampling did not provide reliable estimates of forest floor carbon. Precision of replicate samples was approximately 10-30% for field duplicates and 5-10% for laboratory duplicates. Based on national indicator evaluation criteria, sampling by depth using bulk density core samplers has been recommended for national implementation. Additional procedures are needed when sampling organic soils or soils with a high percentage of large rock fragments. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Palmer, CJ (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr, 4505 S Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NR 47 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 SU 1 BP S209 EP S219 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00253-6 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511XU UT WOS:000173291500024 PM 11833908 ER PT J AU Smith, WB AF Smith, WB TI Forest inventory and analysis: a national inventory and monitoring program SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advances in Terrestrial Ecosystem: Carbon Inventory Measurements and Monitoring Conference CY OCT 03-05, 2000 CL RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA DE forest inventory; annual inventory; monitoring; sustainability; forest health AB Forests provide significant commodity and noncommodity values to the citizens of the United States. An important and substantial role in ensuring the continued health, productivity, and sustainability of these resources is a reliable and credible inventory and monitoring program. The Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the US Forest Service has been monitoring and reporting on status, condition, and trends in the nation's forests for over 70 years and the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) program for the last 11 years. Recent legislation included in the 1998 Farm Bill, along with efforts to integrate inventory and monitoring networks to deliver Criteria and Indicators of Sustainable Forests, are redefining the role and operation of the recently integrated FIA and FHM programs. This paper provides a brief history and a look at new directions for the enhanced FIA Program. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Washington, DC 20090 USA. RP Smith, WB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 201 14th St SW,POB 96090, Washington, DC 20090 USA. NR 25 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2002 VL 116 SU 1 BP S233 EP S242 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00255-X PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 511XU UT WOS:000173291500026 PM 11833910 ER PT J AU Jandl, R Spogler, H Simunek, J Heng, LK AF Jandl, R Spogler, H Simunek, J Heng, LK TI Simulation of soil hydrology and establishment of a nitrogen budget of a mountain forest SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Alps; forest soil hydrology; N budget; N saturation; nitrogen; spruce forest AB The water fluxes through the mountainous forest ecosystem 'Muhleggerkopfl' were simulated by means of the mechanistic soil physical model Hydrus 1D. The objective was to set up a nitrogen budget in order to decide if the ecosystem accumulates nitrogen or if nitrogen leaks from the site. The simulated annual loss of N by percolation ranges between 0.4 and 1 g N m(-2) yr(-1) and is smaller than the annual input by bulk and occult deposition, which combines to approx 1.2-1.5 g N m(-2) yr(-1). Obviously the forest soil presently accumulates N. With an N input-rate exceeding the N output, the operationally defined status of N saturation is not yet reached. Comparing the magnitude of the N pool in the soil (several kg N m(-2)) with the rate of the annual increase (a few g N m(-2) yr(-1)), the process of N saturation is apparently slow. C1 Forest Res Ctr, Inst Forest Ecol, A-1131 Vienna, Austria. Univ Calif Riverside, USDA, Soil Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. IAEA, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. RP Jandl, R (reprint author), Forest Res Ctr, Inst Forest Ecol, A-1131 Vienna, Austria. EM robert.jandl@fbva.bmlf.gv.at RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2002 SI 2 BP 42 EP 45 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V42AF UT WOS:000202839700008 ER PT J AU Rice, PJ McConnell, LL Heighton, LP Sadeghi, AM Isensee, AR Teasdale, JR Abdul-Baki, AA Harman-Fetcho, JA Hapeman, CJ AF Rice, PJ McConnell, LL Heighton, LP Sadeghi, AM Isensee, AR Teasdale, JR Abdul-Baki, AA Harman-Fetcho, JA Hapeman, CJ TI Comparison of copper levels in runoff from fresh-market vegetable production using polyethylene mulch or a vegetative mulch SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE runoff; copper; polyethylene mulch; vegetative mulch; soil erosion ID CHESAPEAKE-BAY; SOIL-EROSION; HAIRY VETCH; SYSTEM; FIELD; REQUIREMENTS; ADSORPTION; TOMATOES; METALS AB Runoff from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) production with polyethylene mulch has been implicated in the failure of commercial shellfish farms in the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States. Copper, applied in the form of copper hydroxide, is the most widely used fungicide-bactericide for control of tomato diseases, and recently has been detected in the Chesapeake Bay (USA) watershed. Elevated levels of copper have been shown to have adverse effects on shellfish, finfish, and other aquatic organisms. This research evaluates the off-site movement of copper with the dissolved phase and the particulate phase of runoff from controlled field plots containing tomato plants grown in either polyethylene mulch or a vegetative mulch, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.). Overall, runoff collected from polyethylene mulch plots contained significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) greater loads of dissolved- and particulate-phase copper than runoff from hairy vetch mulch plots, However. the loss of copper associated with the particulate phase was significantly greater (p less than or equal to 0.05) than that associated with the dissolved phase of runoff from both mulch treatments, with the particulate phase accounting for more than 80% of the copper load,,, The reported toxicity of copper to aquatic organisms and the greater runoff volume, soil loss, and off-site loading of copper measured in runoff from the polyethylene mulch that this management practice is less sustainable and may have a more harmful impact on aquatic ecosystems. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Hapeman, CJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 1 BP 24 EP 30 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<0024:COCLIR>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 505CA UT WOS:000172892700004 PM 11804057 ER PT J AU Bormans, CA Rhodes, RB Kephart, DD McClung, AM Park, WD AF Bormans, CA Rhodes, RB Kephart, DD McClung, AM Park, WD TI Analysis of a single nucleotide polymorphism that controls the cooking quality of rice using a non-gel based assay SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE amylose; granule-bound starch synthase; READIT (TM) assay; single-nucleotide polymorphism; waxy gene ID BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE; SPLICE SITES; ALTERNATE AB The waxy gene encoding granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) is responsible for the synthesis of amylose in developing grain. Recent work has shown that a G-T polymorphism in the leader intron 5' splice site of GBSS plays a key role in determining the cooking and processing quality of rice. Cultivars with sequence AGGTATA at this location splice GBSS pre-mRNA efficiently and produce relatively large amounts of amylose. These varieties generally a have firm texture when cooked and the grains remain separate. In contrast, GBSS pre-mRNA splicing is temperature sensitive and generally less efficient in cultivars with the sequence AGTTATA. As a result, these cultivars generally have lower amylose content and produce soft and sticky cooked rice. We have used the READIT(TM) assay, a non-gel based assay that uses the ability of DNA polymerase to perform pyrophosphoralysis, the reverse of DNA polymerization, to screen the critical G-T polymorphism in more than 750 samples from U. S. and Asian germplasm. We observed complete concordance between the results obtained using DNA sequencing or restriction enzyme digestion and the READIT(TM) assay. It also gave accurate results with both heterozygous plants and with complex mixtures as might result when grain from advanced generation plants is pooled to obtain larger samples. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Borlaug Ctr So Crop Improvement, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Promega Corp, Madison, WI 53711 USA. USDA ARS, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. RP Park, WD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Borlaug Ctr So Crop Improvement, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2002 VL 128 IS 2 BP 261 EP 267 DI 10.1023/A:1020883827053 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 609WW UT WOS:000178930200013 ER PT J AU Cho, SH Kumar, J Shultz, JL Anupama, K Tefera, F Muehlbauer, FJ AF Cho, SH Kumar, J Shultz, JL Anupama, K Tefera, F Muehlbauer, FJ TI Mapping genes for double podding and other morphological traits in chickpea SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Cicer arietinum; genome mapping; genetic linkage map; morphological trait; QTL; STMS ID CICER-ARIETINUM L.; LINKAGE MAP; MAJOR GENE; MICROSATELLITES; INHERITANCE; RESISTANCE; GENOME; TIME AB Seed traits are important considerations for improving yield and product quality of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The purpose of this study was to construct an intraspecific genetic linkage map and determine map positions of genes that confer double podding and seed traits using a population of 76 F-10 derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross of 'ICCV-2' (large seeds and single pods) x 'JG-62' (small seeds and double podded). We used 55 sequence-tagged microsatellite sites (STMS), 20 random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), 3 inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and 2 phenotypic markers to develop a genetic map that comprised 14 linkage groups covering 297.5 cM. The gene for double podding (s) was mapped to linkage group 6 and linked to Tr44 and Tr35 at a distance of 7.8 cM and 11.5 cM, respectively. The major gene for pigmentation, C, was mapped to linkage group 8 and was loosely linked to Tr33 at a distance of 13.5 cM. Four QTLs for 100 seed weight (located on LG4 and LG9), seed number plant 1 (LG4), days to 50% flower (LG3) were identified. This intraspecific map of cultivated chickpea is the first that includes genes for important morphological traits. Synteny relationships among STMS markers appeared to be conserved on six linkage groups when our map was compared to the interspecific map presented by Winter et al. (2000). C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop, Patancheru 502324, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Cho, SH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 27 TC 59 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2002 VL 128 IS 2 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1023/A:1020872009306 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 609WW UT WOS:000178930200016 ER PT J AU Botanga, CJ Kling, JG Berner, DK Timko, MP AF Botanga, CJ Kling, JG Berner, DK Timko, MP TI Genetic variability of Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntz based on AFLP analysis and host-parasite interaction SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE AFLP; genetic variability; host-specialization; Scrophulariaceae; Striga asiatica ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; WEED STRIGA; POPULATION; DIVERSITY; OROBANCHE; GESNERIOIDES; HERMONTHICA; ASSOCIATION; ADAPTATION; VIRULENCE AB AFLP analysis was used to estimate genetic variability within and among 14 populations of Striga asiatica L. Kuntze collected from different locations within the Republic of Benin. The mean within-population genetic distances ranged from 0.028 to 0.038, while the mean among-population genetic distances ranged from 0.019 to 0.088, with an assumed minimum genetic distance of 0.01 in each case. Intra- and inter-population variation was reflected by a highly significant R-2 of 0.61 for the regression of geographic distance versus genetic distance. Interactions of the different Striga populations with susceptible host genotypes, 8338-1 (Zea mays) and CK60B ( Sorghum bicolor), indicated a high degree of host-specialization, with CK60B failing to support growth of the parasite from any of the populations. The various Striga populations also exhibited different degrees of virulence on susceptible host plants. Our results support the hypothesis that different populations of this parasite may well be considered and treated as ecotypes in plant breeding programs developing resistance to S. asiatica. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Int Inst Trop Agr, Ibadan, Nigeria. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD USA. RP Timko, MP (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, Gilmer Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. NR 61 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2002 VL 128 IS 3 BP 375 EP 388 DI 10.1023/A:1021200213599 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 617XU UT WOS:000179386900011 ER PT J AU Farnham, MW Wang, M Thomas, CE AF Farnham, MW Wang, M Thomas, CE TI A single dominant gene for downy mildew resistance in broccoli SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Brassica oleracea L.; doubled-haploids; Peronospora parasitica ID PERONOSPORA-PARASITICA; INHERITANCE AB Downy mildew, incited by Peronospora parasitica (Pers.: Fr.) Fr., is a destructive disease of broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L., Italica Group). Resistant cultivars represent a desirable control method to provide a practical, environmentally benign, and long-term means of limiting damage from this disease. Doubled-haploid (DH) lines developed by us exhibit a high level of downy mildew resistance at the cotyledon stage. To determine the mode of inheritance for this resistance, a resistant DH line was crossed to a susceptible DH line to make an F-1, from which F-2 and backcross (BC) populations were developed. All populations were evaluated for response to artificial inoculation with P. parasitica at the cotyledon stage. All F-1 plants (including reciprocals) were as resistant as the resistant parent, indicating no maternal effect for this trait. F-2 populations segregated approximately 3 resistant to 1 susceptible, BC populations using the resistant parent as the recurrent parent contained all resistant plants, and the BC to the susceptible parent segregated 1 resistant to 1 susceptible. These results indicate that resistance is controlled by a single dominant gene. This gene should be easily incorporated into F-1 hybrids and used commercially to prevent downy mildew at the cotyledon stage. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Farnham, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2002 VL 128 IS 3 BP 405 EP 407 DI 10.1023/A:1021279426050 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 617XU UT WOS:000179386900014 ER PT J AU Rajesh, PN Tekeoglu, M Gupta, VS Ranjekar, PK Muehlbauer, FJ AF Rajesh, PN Tekeoglu, M Gupta, VS Ranjekar, PK Muehlbauer, FJ TI Molecular mapping and characterization of an RGA locus RGAPtokin1-2(171) in chickpea SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE ascochyta blight resistance; bulk segregant analysis; resistance gene analog ID PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE; RICH REPEAT CLASS; ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT; GENE ANALOGS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING; COPPER TOLERANCE; FUSARIUM-WILT; CLONING; LINKAGE AB Resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP) is a targeted homology based method, which has been used in different crops to identify tightly linked markers for disease resistance genes and also to enrich the map with a different class of markers. In chickpea, using the RGA primers, which are designed based on the conserved motifs present in characterized R-genes, Bulk Segregant Analysis (BSA) was performed on a resistant bulk and a susceptible bulk along with parents for ascochyta blight resistance. Of all available RGAs and their 48 different combinations, only one RGA showed polymorphism during BSA. This marker was evaluated in an F-7:8 population of 142 RILs from an interspecific cross of C. arietinum (FLIP 84-92C) x C. reticulatum ( PI 599072) and was mapped to Cicer linkage map. The genomic location of chickpea RGA was compared with the locations of mapped chickpea R-genes. This is the first RGA marker mapped to chickpea linkage map. C1 Natl Chem Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Plant Mol Biol Unit, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Rajesh, PN (reprint author), Natl Chem Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Plant Mol Biol Unit, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. NR 51 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2002 VL 128 IS 3 BP 427 EP 433 DI 10.1023/A:1021246600340 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 617XU UT WOS:000179386900017 ER PT J AU Hicks, C Tuinstra, MR Pedersen, JF Dowell, FE Kofoid, KD AF Hicks, C Tuinstra, MR Pedersen, JF Dowell, FE Kofoid, KD TI Genetic analysis of feed quality and seed weight of sorghum inbred lines and hybrids using analytical methods and NIRS SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE dietary protein; feed quality; rumen; sorghum ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; GRAIN-SORGHUM; PROTEIN DIGESTIBILITY; PERFORMANCE; SELECTION; DIGESTION; CEREALS; MAIZE; AMINO AB Eight lines of grain sorghum and their F1 hybrids were evaluated for contents of crude protein (CP), fat (FAT), and starch (STA); protein digestibility (PD); and in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD). The effect of seed weight (SW) on these traits and the potential use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict them also were investigated. The male lines included three normal-seeded lines (TX2737, TX435, and P954063) and two large-seeded lines (PL-1 and Eastin1). The female lines included common U.S. seed parent lines (Wheatland, Redlan, and SA3042). The lines and their hybrids were grown under dryland conditions at Kansas State University experiment fields in Ashland and Belleville, Kansas, in 1999. The experiments were conducted using a randomized complete block design with four replications at each location. The effect of genotype was significant for all measured traits. The male parent lines were highly variable and expressed high levels of genetic variation in combining ability for CP, PD, STA, and SW. The female parents were genetically more uniform; however, significant general combining ability effects were noted for PD and SW. Significant negative correlations were noted between CP and STA and between SW and STA. Significant positive correlations were found between CP and SW and between FAT and IVDMD. Crude protein content was predicted accurately by NIRS. Fat content and IVDMD could not be predicted by NIRS. The NIRS equations based on ground samples were more accurate than those based on whole-seed samples. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA REE ARS NPA Wheat Sorghum & Forage Res, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. ARS, USDA, Grain Marketing Prod & Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. KSU Agr Res Ctr Hays, Hays, KS 67601 USA. RP Tuinstra, MR (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2002 VL 127 IS 1 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1023/A:1019943805514 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 588UU UT WOS:000177720700003 ER PT J AU Lopez-Sese, AI Staub, J Katzir, N Gomez-Guillamon, ML AF Lopez-Sese, AI Staub, J Katzir, N Gomez-Guillamon, ML TI Estimation of between and within accession variation in selected Spanish melon germplasm using RAPD and SSR markers to assess strategies for large collection evaluation SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE diversity molecular analysis; genetic distance; germplasmmanagement; melon DNA; RAPD; SSR ID AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; MOLECULAR VARIATION; GENETIC-MARKERS; CUCUMIS; L.; ISOZYME; DIVERSITY; RFLP; WILD AB The population structure of 15 Spanish melon ( C. melo L.) accessions, mostly of Group Inodorus, was assessed by the analysis of 16 individuals of each accession using 100 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) bands produced by 36 primers, and allelic variation at 12 microsatellite (SSR) loci (23 alleles). A relatively high level of polymorphism (25.6%) was detected using RAPD markers, and eight SSR loci (66.7%) were useful in discriminating accessions. Cluster analysis using RAPD- and SSR-based genetic distance estimates resulted in similar and consistent groupings of most of the accessions studied. The mean genetic distance and standard error among accessions estimated by RAPD variation was 0.421 +/- 0.099, and mean SSR-based genetic distance estimate was 0.285 +/- 0.141. Albeit many dominant markers examined were fitted to a 3:1 test ratio, deviation from this ratio and from Hardy-Weinberg expectations for many SSR loci suggests that some populations were in genotypic disequilibrium. Moreover, a higher level of genetic variation was observed between Cassaba market classes than within accessions, suggesting that, depending upon the accession, allelic fixation has occurred in these populations. The relatively high level of heterogeneity observed (different band morphotypes and cluster grouping within a particular market class), however, indicates that the Spanish melons examined possess a relatively broad genetic background. An appraisal of accession population structure such as the one reported herein indicates that bulk sampling techniques coupled with molecular analysis techniques that employ a unique array of discriminating markers can provide information leading to effective strategies for diversity analyses of large collections. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Agr Res Org, Newe Yaar Res Ctr, Dept Vegetable Crops, IL-30095 Ramat Yishay, Israel. CSIC, Expt Stn Mayora, Malaga 29750, Spain. RP Staub, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Lopez-Sese, Anabel/C-5085-2008 OI Lopez-Sese, Anabel/0000-0001-5686-0884 NR 42 TC 29 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2002 VL 127 IS 1 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1023/A:1019904224170 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 588UU UT WOS:000177720700004 ER PT J AU Rayburn, AL Wetzel, JB Baligar, VC AF Rayburn, AL Wetzel, JB Baligar, VC TI Mitotic analysis of sticky chromosomes in aluminum tolerant and susceptible wheat lines grown in soils of differing aluminum saturation SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE aluminum; anaphase; sticky chromosomes; Triticum aestivum ID TEMPLATE ACTIVITY; TOXICITY; PLANTS; ROOT AB Aluminum toxicity of acid soils is an important growth limiting factor which can reduce crop yields. Breeders have used various screening techniques for the rapid selection of Al tolerance lines. Al toxicity is complex having multiple effects on plant growth. The question becomes can plant selection for tolerance at one specific Al saturation result in tolerance at multiple aluminum saturation levels. Six near-isolines and three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars differing in aluminum response on the basis of Al exclusion in the root cell wall were used in this study. Seeds of each line were planted in three soil treatments, 0.5%, 27% and 65% aluminum saturation respectively. Mitotic analysis was carried out on root tip cells. Soils with aluminum saturation were seen to induce sticky chromosome damage in both tolerant and susceptible lines. Lagging chromosomes, chromosome fragments and anaphase bridges were seen in cells of root tips grown in soils with increased aluminum saturation. The number of cells in susceptible lines exhibited an increase in stickiness as the aluminum saturation of the soil increased. In tolerant lines, the number of cells with stickiness increased at 27% saturation, but then decreased at 65% aluminum saturation. The amount of chromosome stickiness appears to be not only dependent upon the plant response to phytotoxic Al but also the aluminum saturation level at which the plant is grown. Tolerance as measured by reduced chromosomal stickiness did not occur until the plants were grown in very high soil Al saturation, indicating a single selection scheme for Al tolerance may not be adequate to develop the highest degree of tolerance. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. St Louis Univ, Cardinal Glennon Childrens Hosp, Cytogenet Lab, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. ARS, USDA, Alternat Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Rayburn, AL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 320 ERML,1201 W Gregory, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2002 VL 127 IS 2 BP 193 EP 199 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 593GJ UT WOS:000177982400005 ER PT J AU Zeng, L Shannon, MC Grieve, CM AF Zeng, L Shannon, MC Grieve, CM TI Evaluation of salt tolerance in rice genotypes by multiple agronomic parameters SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE cluster analysis; genotype evaluation; Oryza sativa; rice; salt tolerance; yield components ID ORYZA-SATIVA-L; YIELD COMPONENTS; SALINITY RESISTANCE; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; VARIABILITY; VARIETIES; CULTIVARS; GROWTH AB The lack of an effective evaluation method for salt tolerance in the screening process is one of the reasons for limited success in conventional salt tolerance breeding. This study was designed to identify useful agronomic parameters for evaluation of salt tolerance and to evaluate genotypes by multiple agronomic parameters for salt tolerance at different growth stages. Twelve genotypes were grown in a greenhouse in sand and irrigated with nutrient solutions of control and treatments amended with NaCl and CaCl2 (5:1 molar concentration) at 4.4 and 8.2 dS m(-1) electrical conductivity. Wide genotypic differences in relative salt tolerance based on seedling growth were identified. The duration of reproductive growth between panicle initiation and anthesis was either reduced or increased by salinity, but the response was not strictly correlated with relative salt tolerance in seed yield among genotypes. Wide genotypic differences in relative salt tolerance based on spikelet and tiller numbers were identified. Few genotypic differences were identified for fertility and kernel weight. Spikelet and tiller numbers contributed most of the variation to seed yield among parameters investigated. When genotypes were ranked for salt tolerance based on the means of multiple parameters, dramatic changes of salt tolerance at early and seed maturity stages were observed in two genotypes, GZ5291-7-1-2 and GZ178. IR63731-1-1-4-3-2 was identified with a favourable combination of salt tolerance at early seedling and seed maturity stages. Cluster group ranking of genotypes based on multiple agronomic characters can be applied in salt tolerance breeding to evaluate salt tolerance and may have great advantage over conventional methods. C1 ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, PWA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Zeng, L (reprint author), ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, PWA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 34 TC 73 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2002 VL 127 IS 2 BP 235 EP 245 DI 10.1023/A:1020262932277 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 593GJ UT WOS:000177982400010 ER PT J AU Bach, IC Olesen, A Simon, PW AF Bach, IC Olesen, A Simon, PW TI PCR-based markers to differentiate the mitochondrial genomes of petaloid and male fertile carrot (Daucus carota L.) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Daucus carota; mitochondria; CMS; petaloidy; PCR-markers ID MALE-STERILE CYTOPLASM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SSP SATIVUS; ATPA GENE; DIVERSITY; DNA; CHLOROPLAST; POPULATIONS; EXPRESSION; GENERATION AB Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is essential for the development of highly adapted and uniform hybrid varieties of carrot and other crops. The most widely used type of CMS in carrot is petaloidy, in which the stamens are replaced by petals or bract-like structures. We have developed a series of mitochondria-specific PCR markers to distinguish cytoplasms inducing petaloidy (Sp) and male-fertility (N). The markers target the atp1, atp6, atp9, orfB (atp8), nad6 and cob loci from the mitochondrial genomes of a diverse collection of male fertile and petaloid carrots. We report 14 primer pairs that amplify marker fragments from either Sp or N cytoplasms and three primer pairs that amplify fragments with length polymorphism. The amplification products span sites of insertions, deletions or recombinations adjacent to or within the coding regions of the targeted genes. The markers reported here are useful tools to identify the type of cytoplasm in cultivated carrot and to evaluate variation in the mitochondrial genomes within the genus Daucus. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Agr Sci Plant Breeding & Crop Sci, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. RP Simon, PW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM psimon@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 35 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2002 VL 127 IS 3 BP 353 EP 365 DI 10.1023/A:1020314802236 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 597UM UT WOS:000178239200007 ER PT J AU Biancardi, E Lewellen, RT De Biaggi, M Erichsen, AW Stevanato, P AF Biancardi, E Lewellen, RT De Biaggi, M Erichsen, AW Stevanato, P TI The origin of rhizomania resistance in sugar beet SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Alba; Holly; resistance; rhizomania; Rizor; sugar beet ID YELLOW VEIN VIRUS; BETA-VULGARIS; REGISTRATION; MARITIMA; LINES; BNYVV; MAP AB In the last 35 years, breeding has greatly reduced the damages caused by rhizomania in sugar beet crops. After the first encouraging results using the Alba genotypes, the cultivar Rizor represented a substantial step forward and has given good yield improvement in diseased fields in many parts of the world. The original variety and subsequent improved versions continued to offer good performances for about a decade, after which it was surpassed by other hybrids derived in part from the Rizor itself. Further progress in terms of sugar production became possible in 1986, when the Holly monogerm lines were released in USA and Europe. In spite of the incomplete information about the genealogy of the first resistant materials, many evidences and the molecular analyses on the different genotypes suggest a possible common progenitor and lineage. The resistant cultivars have kept the yield at an adequate level, allowing cultivation to continue in countries where the disease has reached epidemic proportions. The case of rhizomania resistance in sugar beet can therefore be considered as one of the most important achievements in plant breeding. C1 Ist Sperimentale Colture Ind, Sez Rovigo, I-45100 Rovigo, Italy. USDA, Agr Res Stn, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Holly Sugar Co, Holly Hybrids, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. RP Biancardi, E (reprint author), Ist Sperimentale Colture Ind, Sez Rovigo, Viale Amendola 82, I-45100 Rovigo, Italy. NR 65 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2002 VL 127 IS 3 BP 383 EP 397 DI 10.1023/A:1020310718166 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 597UM UT WOS:000178239200010 ER PT J AU Ramon, M Hanneman, RE AF Ramon, M Hanneman, RE TI Introgression of resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) from Solanum pinnatisectum into S-tuberosum using embryo rescue and double pollination SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE embryo rescue; interspecific hybridization; late blight; potato ID ENDOSPERM BALANCE NUMBER; SOMATIC HYBRIDS; POTATO; ELIMINATION; DUN; GERMPLASM; INDUCTION; BARRIERS; PHUREJA; CROSSES AB Efforts to generate hybrids from crosses of Mexican diploid 2x(1EBN) species x 2x(2EBN) Solanum tuberosum haploids via embryo rescue and double pollination were conducted. The species included were S. bulbocastanum, S. pinnatisectum and S. trifidum. The species S. phureja was used as a second pollinator. After 3, 077 pollinations were made during the spring and summer of 1995, 31 potential hybrids were obtained; however, they were discarded because of their S. phureja second pollinator characteristics. The length of time before conducting embryo rescue [20-25 days after pollination (DAP)] was presumed responsible for this failure. In 1996, 3,288 pollinations were made, resulting in 184 fruit. Embryo rescue was performed between 15 and 20 DAP and resulted in 3, 867 embryos of which 530 developed into seedlings. In January of 1997, a single unique hybrid was discovered in this population and was almost discarded because of its S. phureja anthocyanin nodal banding marker. This diploid hybrid arose from a cross between the haploid US-W 13,089 (Sebago) x S. pinnatisectum (PI 275233). The hybrid was hypoploid (22 chromosomes). Its hybridity was confirmed through morphology, chromosome number and RAPD analysis. Its resistance to late blight was tested in an unsprayed replicated experiment at the UW Agricultural Research Station at Hancock, WI during the summer of 1997, where the results indicated a high level of field resistance. The hybrid exhibited a low degree of male and female fertility. From meiotic analysis, it was evident that normal pairing between the two genomes occurred, although the presence of univalents was observed. No hybrids with S. bulbocastanum and S. trifidum were obtained. These results support the view that transfer of valuable characters from S. pinnatisectum to S. tuberosum is feasible; however, aneuploidy and the presence of univalents may inhibit this effort. C1 INIA, Acarigua, Venezuela. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hanneman, RE (reprint author), INIA, Apdo Postal 102, Acarigua, Venezuela. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2002 VL 127 IS 3 BP 421 EP 435 DI 10.1023/A:1020342908558 PG 15 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 597UM UT WOS:000178239200013 ER PT J AU Holland, JB Bjornstad, A Frey, KJ Gullord, M Wesenberg, DM AF Holland, JB Bjornstad, A Frey, KJ Gullord, M Wesenberg, DM TI Recurrent selection for broad adaptation affects stability of oat SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Avena; correlated response to selection; genotype-by-environment interaction ID ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION AB A recurrent selection program for adaptation to diverse environments was successful in improving mean oat (Avena sativa L.) grain yield within and across testing environments. The objectives of this research were to determine if this selection program also resulted in changes in other agronomic traits or altered yield stability. Additionally, we investigated how selection modified the response of genotypes to climatic conditions. We evaluated random samples of 100 families from the original population and each of three selection cycle populations in replicated yield trials in Idaho, Iowa, and Norway for two years. Yield stability was assessed via joint regression analysis and superiority analysis. For each cycle, genetic relationships among yields observed in different environments were assessed by estimating phenotypic correlations between pairs of target environments. The effect of climate variables on genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) responses was determined with partial least squares regression. Selection resulted in a small increase in mean heading date, a decrease in mean test weight, and no change in total above-ground biomass or plant height. Genotypic regression coefficients on environmental indices and deviations from regression were larger in the last cycle population, but superiority analysis demonstrated that selection significantly improved the adaptability of the population to the target testing environments. Improved adaptation was also demonstrated by increased phenotypic correlations among the most divergent pairs of environments in the later cycles. Partial least squares regression of GEI effects on climate variables suggested that later cycle families tended to respond more favorably to cooler than average conditions than the original population. Selection resulted in improved yield stability as well as improved mean yield. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Agr Univ Norway, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, N-1432 As, Norway. Norsk Kornforedling AS, N-2344 Ilseng, Norway. ARS, USDA, Small Grains Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Holland, JB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2002 VL 126 IS 2 BP 265 EP 274 DI 10.1023/A:1016394208780 PG 10 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 573CG UT WOS:000176811300014 ER PT J AU Lillemo, M Simeone, MC Morris, CF AF Lillemo, M Simeone, MC Morris, CF TI Analysis of puroindoline a and b sequences from Triticum aestivum cv. 'Penawawa' and related diploid taxa SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE IPCR; promoter; puroindoline; regulatory elements; wheat ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT GLUTENIN; WHEAT-GRAIN HARDNESS; GENE-EXPRESSION; DNA-SEQUENCES; DOF PROTEIN; ENDOSPERM; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSCRIPTION; EVOLUTION; FRIABILIN AB Flanking sequences of the puroindoline a (pinA) and puroindoline b (pinB) genes from Triticum monococcum, T. urartu, Aegilops speltoides and A. tauschii were obtained by inverse PCR. Two accessions from each of these related diploid taxa were sequenced, and the sequences compared to those of the soft hexaploid wheat cultivar `Penawawa'. As expected from the origin of the D-genome in hexaploid wheat, the highest sequence identity was observed for the A. tauschii sequences, whereas the sequences for A. speltoides were the most divergent. The promoter sequences were further analyzed for putative regulatory elements, and the possible significance of several highly conserved sequence motifs is discussed. Western blots of Triton X-114 extracted proteins separated by SDS-PAGE confirmed the accumulation of pinA and pinB gene products in the endosperm of all the germplasm lines studied. The deduced amino acid sequences for the related diploid taxa do not imply any major structural changes as compared to the wild-type T. aestivum puroindolines, and is therefore in agreement with the soft endosperm texture of these species. C1 Agr Univ Norway, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, N-1432 As, Norway. ARS, USDA, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Lillemo, M (reprint author), Agr Univ Norway, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, POB 5022, N-1432 As, Norway. NR 42 TC 31 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2002 VL 126 IS 3 BP 321 EP 331 DI 10.1023/A:1019908325078 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 588AQ UT WOS:000177678300004 ER PT J AU Campbell, TA Bauchan, GR AF Campbell, TA Bauchan, GR TI Organelle based molecular analyses of the genetic relatedness of cultivated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) to Medicago edgeworthii Sirjaev, and Medicago ruthenica (L.) Ledebour SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE genetic relatedness; germplasm; Medicago edgeworthii; Medicago ruthenica; Medicago sativa; organelle DNA ID CHLOROPLAST GENOME; DNA; MITOCHONDRIAL; RATES AB Medicago edgeworthii Sirjaev and M. ruthenica (L.) Ledebour are allogamous, diploid (2n = 2x = 16) perennials with flat pods.Medicago edgeworthii is indigenous to the Himalayas and alpine areas west to Afghanistan, and Medicago ruthenica is found in Siberia, Mongolia, and Manchuria on open hillsides and mixed grass steppes. Because both species have a remarkable ability to survive extreme cold and poor soils, the possibility of hybridizing them with alfalfa (M. sativa L.) is being investigated. The objective of this research was to conduct an organelle based molecular assessment of the genetic relatedness of cultivated alfalfa (2n = 4x = 32) to M. edgeworthii and M. ruthenica. A hypervariable, intergenic region of cpDNA was amplified, and mtDNA was amplified with two primer pairs developed from soybean (Glycine max L.) mtDNA sequences. Mean Nei and Li genetic distances (GDs) between alfalfa and M. edgeworthii and alfalfa and M. ruthenica were 0.56 and 0.48 (mtDNA), and 0.33 and 0.30 (cpDNA), respectively. Intraspecific GDs were 0.37 (mtDNA) and 0.25 (cpDNA) for M. edgeworthii; 0.42 (mtDNA) and 0.15 (cpDNA) for M. ruthenica; and 0 = 0.50 (mtDNA) and 0 = 0.23 (cpDNA) for alfalfa. Cluster analyses grouped someM. edgeworthii and M. ruthenica entries with alfalfa entries. There is some chance that alfalfa andM. edgeworthii entries which clustered closely could be hybridized; chances of alfalfa x M. ruthenica hybridizations appear to be more problematic. C1 ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Campbell, TA (reprint author), ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Res Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2002 VL 125 IS 1 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1023/A:1015796326675 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 559PH UT WOS:000176034200007 ER PT J AU Goffman, FD Becker, HC AF Goffman, FD Becker, HC TI Genetic variation of tocopherol content in a germplasm collection of Brassica napus L. SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE Brassica napus; oil quality; tocopherol; vitamin E ID SEEDS; OIL AB The genetic variation for tocopherol contents was investigated in a very divergent collection of 87 winter rapeseed genotypes grown in the greenhouse and in two years in the field. Genotypic and environmental effects were highly significant for alpha-, gamma- and total tocopherol contents and the alpha-/gamma-tocopherol ratio. Field and greenhouse environments differed significantly ( p < 0.001) for tocopherol traits, with greenhouse means up to 19% higher than field means. Alpha-tocopherol content ranged from 63 to 157 mg kg(-1) seed, gamma-tocopherol content from 114 to 211 mg kg(-1) seed, total tocopherol content from 182 to 367 mg kg(-1) seed, and the alpha-/gamma-tocopherol contents ratio from 0.36 to 1.23. The resynthesized lines often have a remarkably low alpha-tocopherol content and consequently a low alpha-/gamma-tocopherol contents ratio. The lines with altered fatty acid composition displayed the highest variation for both tocopherol content and composition. No significant differences were observed among groups with different seed quality types [00], [0+] and [++]. Total tocopherol content was not correlated with the alpha-/gamma-tocopherol ratio, indicating that total tocopherol content is independent from tocopherol composition. Alpha- and gamma-tocopherol contents were also not correlated. Gamma-tocopherol contents showed a significant positive correlation with oil content ( r = 0.34**). C1 Univ Gottingen, Inst Agron & Plant Breeding, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany. RP Goffman, FD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Rice Res Unit, 1509 Aggie Dr, Beaumont, TX 77713 USA. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2002 VL 125 IS 2 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.1023/A:1015858618480 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 562EG UT WOS:000176184000007 ER PT J AU Culley, DE Dean, BB Brown, CR AF Culley, DE Dean, BB Brown, CR TI Introgression of the low browning trait from the wild Mexican species Solanum hjertingii into cultivated potato (S-tuberosum L.) SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE blackspot bruise; browning potential; interspecific hybridization; polyphenol oxidase; potato; Solanum hjertingii ID POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; BLACKSPOT SUSCEPTIBILITY; TRIPLOID HYBRIDS; GENOTYPES; TYROSINE; PIGMENTS; CROSSABILITY; INHIBITION; RESISTANCE; STORAGE AB Internal discoloration of tubers resulting from impact damage (blackspot bruise) is a serious quality problem in potato production and utilization, reducing profits to growers and increasing costs for processors. Resistance to blackspot bruise has been identified in the wild species Solanum hjertingii and is therefore a potential germplasm resource for genetic resistance to this problem. A bridging cross between S. hjertingii and a cultivated diploid clone was used to produce a triploid hybrid population that exhibited very low tuber browning potential, indicating a dominant pattern of inheritance for this trait. The triploid progeny were subjected to in vitro chromosome doubling and the resulting hexaploid clones were screened for browning potential. A hexaploid clone selected for low browning was reciprocally crossed with cultivated S. tuberosum cultivars exhibiting high susceptibility to blackspot bruise. Tubers obtained from the seed progeny of these 4x-6x crosses (hereafter referred to as the BC1 populations) were evaluated for browning potential and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. Tubers from the BC1 populations displayed a very low potential for melanin production, while PPO activity was quite variable. The low Pearson correlation coefficient (r(2) = 0.45), between browning potential and PPO activity suggests that the mechanism of blackspot bruise resistance derived from S. hjertingii cannot be explained simply as a reduction in the initial PPO activity. The expression of substantial resistance to browning and dominant expression pattern in these BC1 progeny indicate that utilizing genetic elements derived from S. hjertingii provides a robust approach for developing blackspot bruise resistant potato varieties. C1 Washington State Univ IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Culley, DE (reprint author), Washington State Univ IAREC, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2002 VL 125 IS 3 BP 293 EP 303 DI 10.1023/A:1016099923261 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 567AN UT WOS:000176460600001 ER PT J AU Chen, JF Staub, J Adelberg, J Lewis, S Kunkle, B AF Chen, JF Staub, J Adelberg, J Lewis, S Kunkle, B TI Synthesis and preliminary characterization of a new species (amphidiploid) in Cucumis SO EUPHYTICA LA English DT Article DE amphidiploid; Cucumis; interspecific hybridization ID INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION AB A successful interspecific hybridization between cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L., 2n = 14) and a wild it Cucumis species, C. hystrix Chakr. (2n = 24) was made via embryo rescue. Hybrid plants (2n = 19; 7 from cucumber and 12 from C. hystrix) were sterile, but morphologically uniform. Self-pollination and backcrossing of F-1 hybrid plants to either parent confirmed presence of both male- and female-sterility that were likely caused by lack of homology and improper pairing during meiosis. While the multiple-branching habit, densely brown hairs (on corolla and pistil), orange-yellow corolla, and ovate fruit of F-1 hybrid plants were similar to that of the C. hystrix parent, the appearance of the first pistillate flower was more similar to that of C. sativus parent. The diameter and internode length of the stem, and the shape and size of leaves and flowers were intermediate when compared to the parents. The chromosome number in the hybrid was doubled through somaclonal variation during embryo culture and regeneration process to restore the fertility. Pollen grains were released and fruits with viable seeds matured on fertile, synthetic amphidiploid plants. The results from flow cytometry indicated that, on average, 7.3% of the morphologically unique regenerants had the 4C DNA content of 2.35 pg relative to the 2C DNA content of the original F-1 hybrid at 1.17 pg and, therefore, were likely chromosome-doubled F-1 hybrids (2n = 38). Nutritional analysis indicated that the synthetic species had higher protein (0.78%) and mineral (0.35%) content compared to the normal pickling cucumber (0.62% and 0.27%, respectively), and could be considered a new Cucumis crop having a special place in the future agriculture. Preliminarily evaluation indicates that C. hystrix possesses a high level of root-knot nematode resistance, and that this resistance is partially expressed in the interspecific F-1 and chromosome-doubled F-1. This and the fact that the fruit morphology of the fertile amphidiploid differs during the growing season (e.g., short and long fruit) suggest that it could be useful in broadening the germplasm base of cucumber. C1 Nanjing Agr Univ, Dept Hort, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Food Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Chen, JF (reprint author), Nanjing Agr Univ, Dept Hort, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2336 J9 EUPHYTICA JI Euphytica PY 2002 VL 123 IS 3 BP 315 EP 322 DI 10.1023/A:1015095430624 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 538XR UT WOS:000174840900003 ER PT J AU Roulston, TH Cane, JH AF Roulston, TH Cane, JH TI The effect of pollen protein concentration on body size in the sweat bee Lasioglossum zephyrum (Hymenoptera : Apiformes) SO EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bees; body size; diet; Halictidae; Hymenoptera; pollen; protein ID APIS-MELLIFERA HYMENOPTERA; DAWSON BURROWING BEE; CALCEATUS SCOP HYM; SOLITARY BEE; NESTING SUCCESS; FEMALE SIZE; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; DEVELOPMENT TIME; SEX ALLOCATION; 1ST BROOD AB Adult bees and wasps provide all the food their offspring require to grow from egg to adult. For a given diet. offspring body size generally increases with an increase in the amount of food consumed as a larva, but the extent to which body size is influenced by the type of food consumed is poorly known. Pollen ranges from 2-60% protein among plant species, and bees are extremely efficient at assimilating nitrogen; therefore, it seems likely that either parent bees adjust the size of larval provisions to compensate for differences in pollen protein concentration or bee offspring attain different body size depending on the pollen type(s) consumed as a larva, We presented the generalist sweat bee Lasioglossum zephyrum with pollen diets that differed in protein content and monitored offspring body size during two experiments. In a protein supplementation experiment, diets ranged from 20-66% protein and consisted of Typha pollen amended with soy protein. On a pollen/soy diet, offspring body size increased 25% with a shift from 20-37% protein, but did not increase further at greater protein concentrations, In a multiple pollen experiment, pollen diets ranged from 20-39% protein and consisted of eight pollens that differed naturally in protein concentration. The largest offspring arose from the most protein-rich pollens, whereas much smaller bees developed on protein-poor pollens, Provision size only predicted offspring size when pollen type, and therefore protein quantity, was considered. Adult foragers did not adjust provision size to compensate for pollen protein, Therefore, offspring body size appears to result from a combination of controlled (provision size) and uncontrolled (pollen quality) factors that arise out of bee foraging decisions. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Entomol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Roulston, TH (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Blandy Expt Farm, 400 Blandy Farm Lane, Boyce, VA 22620 USA. NR 64 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 41 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0269-7653 J9 EVOL ECOL JI Evol. Ecol. PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 49 EP 65 DI 10.1023/A:1016048526475 PG 17 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 580TQ UT WOS:000177251600004 ER PT J AU Carroll, JF AF Carroll, JF TI How specific are host-produced kairomones to host-seeking ixodid ticks? SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Agr & Agrifood Canada, Canadian Soc Zoologists, Entomol Soc Alberta, Int Consortium Ticks & Tick Borne Dis, Intervet Int BV, Welcome Trust, Univ Alberta DE arrestant; Ixodes scapularis; Dermacentor variabilis; Amblyomma americanum ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; SCAPULARIS ACARI; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ABUNDANCE; RESPONSES; ADULTS; SITES AB Ixodid ticks respond to host-produced substances (kairomones) that influence the ticks' host-finding behavior. In the laboratory adult blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say, lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum L., and American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis (Say) became akinetic on residues rubbed from their principal hosts (deer for the former two species and dogs for the latter). However, arrestment also occurred when adults of these species were tested using the same method bioassay, but with host substances reversed (i.e., I. scapularis and A. americanum against canine substances, and D. variabilis against deer gland substances). Although adult D. variabilis exhibited arrestant responses to deer substances and are often found along trails used by deer, they apparently make little use of deer as hosts. It is unclear whether responding to deer-produced kairomones may have disadvantages for D. variabilis. Until the active components of host-produced arrestment kairomones are isolated, identified and evaluated in behavioral tests, this host-finding strategy remains only partially understood. C1 USDA ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Carroll, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville Agr Res Serv, Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 1 BP 155 EP 161 DI 10.1023/A:1025355811372 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 713UF UT WOS:000184875900014 PM 14570126 ER PT J AU Guerrero, FD Pruett, JH Li, AY AF Guerrero, FD Pruett, JH Li, AY TI Molecular and biochemical diagnosis of esterase-mediated pyrethroid resistance in a Mexican strain of Boophilus microplus (Acari : Ixodidae) SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Agr & Agrifood Canada, Canadian Soc Zoologists, Entomol Soc Alberta, Int Consortium Ticks & Tick Borne Dis, Intervet Int BV, Welcome Trust, Univ Alberta DE pyrethroid resistance mechanism; sodium channel mutation; polymerase chain reaction; diagnostic assay; metabolic esterase ID SOUTHERN CATTLE TICK; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; DELTAMETHRIN; MUTATIONS; CHANNELS AB We examined pyrethroid resistant Mexican strains of Boophilus microplus using biochemical and molecular tests to determine the mechanisms conferring resistance. Permethrin hydrolysis assays and esterase activity gels indicated enhanced esterase-mediated metabolic detoxification in the Cz strain, while one other pyrethroid resistant strain, SF, and two pyrethroid susceptible strains had lower levels of permethrin hydrolysis. Results from assays using a PCR-based test to detect a pyrethroid target site resistance-associated mutation in the tick sodium channel gene found only low levels of mutations in the Cz strain, while the SF strain had a high level of the mutated sodium channel alleles. A specific esterase, designated CzEst9, believed to be responsible for the esterase-mediated pyrethroid resistance in the Cz strain was purified, and the gene encoding CzEst9 cloned. C1 ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Guerrero, FD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 1 BP 257 EP 264 DI 10.1023/A:1025319104529 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 713UF UT WOS:000184875900027 PM 14570139 ER PT J AU Villarino, MA Wagner, GG George, JE AF Villarino, MA Wagner, GG George, JE TI In vitro detection of acaricide resistance in Boophilus microplus (Acari : Ixodidae) SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Agr & Agrifood Canada, Canadian Soc Zoologists, Entomol Soc Alberta, Int Consortium Ticks & Tick Borne Dis, Intervet Int BV, Welcome Trust, Univ Alberta DE acaricide resistance; Boophilus microplus; esterases; oxidases ID ARTHROPOD PARASITES; COUMAPHOS; STRAINS AB The cattle tick Boophilus microplus causes significant economic losses in cattle in the tropical areas of Central and South America. Acaricides are widely used to control tick infestations, with the consequent selection of tolerant and resistant subpopulations. Detoxifying enzymes, and esterases in particular, have been associated with organophosphate resistance in Mexican isolates of B. microplus ticks. Here, we present results of the biochemical detection of esterases and oxidases in 20 isolates of larvae and adult ticks and the effect of esterase and oxidase inhibitors on larvae and adult stages of the tick. Our results indicate the presence of significant differences both in vivo and in vitro between esterase and oxidase activities of OP-susceptible and OP-resistant isolates, even when samples were collected in the same area. The importance of such differences in regionalized integrated pest management and in the US Tick Eradication Program is discussed. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, USDA,CFTRL Mission, Mc Allen, TX 78504 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, USDA, US Livestock Insect Res Lab, Kerrville, TX USA. RP Villarino, MA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, USDA,CFTRL Mission, 6508 N 33rd St, Mc Allen, TX 78504 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 1 BP 265 EP 271 DI 10.1023/A:1025371105437 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 713UF UT WOS:000184875900028 PM 14570140 ER PT J AU Carroll, JF Allen, PC Hill, DE Pound, JM Miller, JA George, JE AF Carroll, JF Allen, PC Hill, DE Pound, JM Miller, JA George, JE TI Control of Ixodes scapularis and Amblyomma americanum through use of the '4-poster' treatment device on deer in Maryland SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Agr & Agri Food Canada, Canadian Soc Zoologists, Entomol Soc Alberta, Int Consortium Ticks & Tick Borne Dis, Intervet Int BV, Wellcome Trust, Univ Alberta DE Ixodes scapularis; Amblyomma americanum; deer; bait; amitraz ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; TOPICAL TREATMENT DEVICE; STAR TICKS ACARI; DAMMINI ACARI; IXODIDAE; ABUNDANCE; TEMPERATURE; APPLICATOR AB Deer self-treatment devices ('4-posters') were evaluated for their efficacy in reducing populations of blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis, and lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum. At each of three locations in Maryland, 25 '4-posters' were operated in study areas of approximately 5.18 km(2). Populations of host-seeking ticks were monitored by flagging of treated areas and similar untreated control areas without '4-posters.' From 1998 to 2002 the percent mortalities achieved were 69, 75.8 and 80 at the three study sites infested with I. scapularis nymphs, and 99.5 and 95.3 for A. americanum nymphs at the two sites where this species occurred. C1 ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, USDA, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA, Kerrville, TX USA. RP Carroll, JF (reprint author), ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, USDA, BARC E, Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jcarroll@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 EI 1572-9702 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 1 BP 289 EP 296 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 713UF UT WOS:000184875900031 PM 14570143 ER PT J AU Evans, JD Lopez, DL AF Evans, JD Lopez, DL TI Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the important honey bee pest, Varroa destructor (Acari : Varroidae) SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE parasitic mite; honey bee; mitochondrial DNA sequence; Apis mellifera; pollination ID APIS-MELLIFERA; JACOBSONI AB Mites in the genus Varroa are the primary parasites of honey bees on several continents. Genetic analyses based on Varroa mitochondrial DNA have played a central role in establishing Varroa taxonomy and dispersal. Here we present the complete mitochondrial sequence of the important honey bee pest Varroa destructor. This species has a relatively compact mitochondrial genome (15,218 bp). The order of genes encoding proteins is identical to that of most arthropods. Ten of 22 transfer RNAs are in different locations relative to hard ticks, and the 12S ribosomal RNA subunit is inverted and separated from the 16S rRNA by a novel non-coding region, a trait not yet seen in other arthropods. We describe a dispersed set of 45 oligonucleotide primers that can be used to address genetic questions in Varroa. A subset of these primers should be useful for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies in other mites and ticks. C1 ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, BARC E Bldg 476, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 13 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PY 2002 VL 27 IS 1-2 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.1023/A:1021574306010 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 624DW UT WOS:000179745900006 PM 12593513 ER PT J AU Martin, SJ Elzen, PJ Rubink, WR AF Martin, SJ Elzen, PJ Rubink, WR TI Effect of acaricide resistance on reproductive ability of the honey bee mite Varroa destructor SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Varroa destructor; Apis mellifera; pesticide resistance; mite reproduction; Africanised bees ID APIS-MELLIFERA HYMENOPTERA; JACOBSONI OUD; NATURAL CONDITIONS; WORKER BROOD; FLUVALINATE; COLONIES; APIDAE; MEXICO; CELLS; MESOSTIGMATA AB The reproduction of pyrethroid-resistant Varroa destructor mite, a brood parasite of honey bees, was observed in Weslaco, Texas, and the results compared with known susceptible mite populations from other studies. Seven Apis mellifera colonies that had mite populations resistant to the acaricide Apistan(R) were used. Pyrethroid-resistance was confirmed when only 17% rather than 90% of mites confined in dishes containing Apistan(R) died after 12 h of exposure. The average number of eggs laid by resistant mites invading worker and drone cells was 4.4 and 5.4 respectively. This is similar to the number of eggs laid by susceptible mites in worker (4.4-4.8) or drone (4.7-5.5) cells. Also the average number of fertilised V. destructor female mites produced by resistant mites in worker (1.0) and drone (2.1) cells were similar to the number produced by susceptible mites in worker (0.9) and drone (1.9-2.2) cells. In addition, no major differences between the resistant and susceptible mite populations were observed in either worker or drone cells when six different reproductive categories and offspring mortality rates were compared. Therefore, it appears that there is little or no reproductive fitness cost associated with pyrethroid resistance in V. destructor in Texas. C1 Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Lab Apiculture & Social Insects, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. USDA ARS, Honey Bee Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Martin, SJ (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Lab Apiculture & Social Insects, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RI Martin, Stephen/B-5254-2009 NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PY 2002 VL 27 IS 3 BP 195 EP 207 DI 10.1023/A:1021675614116 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 625GN UT WOS:000179808900003 PM 12593585 ER PT J AU Draghia-Akli, R Malone, PB Hill, LA Ellis, KM Schwartz, RJ Nordstrom, JL AF Draghia-Akli, R Malone, PB Hill, LA Ellis, KM Schwartz, RJ Nordstrom, JL TI Enhanced animal growth via ligand regulated GHRH myogenic injectable vectors SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE growth hormone; insulin-like growth factor I; growth; plasmid DNA; gene therapy; electroporation ID HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE; LONG-TERM GROWTH; FACTOR-I; PROGESTERONE-RECEPTOR; DEPENDENT REGULATION; SYSTEMIC DELIVERY; GENE-THERAPY; NORMAL MEN; SECRETION; EXPRESSION AB Regulated animal growth occurred following a single electroporated injection of a mixture of two plasmids (10 mug of DNA), one expressing the GeneSwitch(TM) regulator protein, the other an inducible growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) gene, into the tibialis anterior muscles of adult SCID mice. Administration of the ligand mifepristone (MFP) up-regulated GHRH expression, as shown by elevations of IGF-I levels, and when MFP dosing was withdrawn, IGF-I returned to baseline levels. Five cycles of IGF-I induction were observed during a five-month period. Chronic MFP dosing for 25 days increased lean body mass, weight gain, and bone mineral density significantly compared with non-MFP treated controls. In summary, long-term drug-regulated GHRH expression was achieved following plasmid-based gene therapy, and chronic induction of GHRH expression in adult animals led to improvements in weight gain and body composition. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Ctr Cell & Gene Therapy, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Valentis Inc, Woodland Hills, CA USA. RP Draghia-Akli, R (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Ctr Cell & Gene Therapy, Room 1120N,1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM ada@bcm.tmc.edu NR 49 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 EI 1530-6860 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 426 EP + DI 10.1096/fj.01-0702fje PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 518FU UT WOS:000173656600021 PM 11790726 ER PT B AU Pye, JM Prestemon, JP Butry, DT Abt, KL AF Pye, JM Prestemon, JP Butry, DT Abt, KL GP USDA USDA USDA TI Prescribed burning and wildfire risk in the 1998 fire season in Florida SO FIRE, FUEL TREATMENTS, AND ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fire, Fuel Treatments, and Ecological Restoration CY APR 16-18, 2002 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Colorado State Forest Serv, Colorado State Univ, Joint Fire Sci Program, Soc Amer Foresters, W Forest Fire Res Ctr ID MULTIPLE SCALES; UNITED-STATES; REGIMES; USA AB Measures of understory burning activity in and around FIA plots in northeastern Florida were not significantly associated with reduced burning probability in the extreme fire season of 1998. In this unusual year, burn probability was greatest on ordinarily wetter sites, especially baldcypress stands, and positively associated with understory vegetation. Moderate amounts of lightning also were associated with greater burning probability. Factors associated with reduced burn probability included road density and nearby requests for site preparation or seed tree burns, perhaps a proxy for other intensive forest management practices. Alternative tactics may prove more effective than fuel reduction in extreme years. C1 USDA, So Res Stn, Forest Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Pye, JM (reprint author), USDA, So Res Stn, Forest Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2002 IS 29 BP 15 EP 26 PG 12 WC Ecology; Energy & Fuels; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Energy & Fuels; Forestry GA BX52J UT WOS:000185594700002 ER PT B AU Massman, WJ Frank, JM Shepperd, WD Platten, MJ AF Massman, WJ Frank, JM Shepperd, WD Platten, MJ GP USDA USDA USDA TI In situ soil temperature and heat flux measurements during controlled surface burns at a southern Colorado forest site SO FIRE, FUEL TREATMENTS, AND ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fire, Fuel Treatments, and Ecological Restoration CY APR 16-18, 2002 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Colorado State Forest Serv, Colorado State Univ, Joint Fire Sci Program, Soc Amer Foresters, W Forest Fire Res Ctr AB This study presents in situ soil temperature measurements at 5-6 depths and heat flux measurements at 2-5 depths obtained during the fall/winter of 2001/ 2002 at seven controlled (surface) fires within a ponderosa pine forest site at the Manitou Experimental Forest in central Colorado. Six of these bums included three different (low, medium, and high) fuel loadings under both a closed-canopy forested site and an open forest with a grassy meadow understory. The fuel loading for the seventh burn was a conical pile of slash about 6 m in height and 9 m in diameter and was intended to duplicate the structure and loading of a slash pile resulting from mechanical harvesting activities. One basic purpose of this initial experiment was to assess how well some commercially available soil heat flux plates would perform at high temperatures. The data presented here include soil temperatures, heat fluxes, and depth and duration of the thermal energy penetration into the soils. The maximum surface heat fluxes were estimated to be about 2400 Watts/meter(2) [Wm(-2)] at the slash pile burn site, 2300 Wm(-2) at the high fuel meadow site, and 3000 Wm(-2) at the high fuel forested site. Extrapolated surface temperatures are about 436 C at the slash burn site, 359 C at the high fuel meadow site, and 95 C at the high fuel forested site. Recovery of a normal daily temperature cycle depended on fire duration and fuel loading. The recovery times were between 16 and 20 hours at the high fuel sites, about half this time at the medium fuel sites, and less that 2 hours at the low fuel sites. However, the recovery time at the slash pile site was about 2 weeks. Although further tests and refinements are planned, the present results suggest not only that soil heat flux can be reliably measured during controlled bums, but that soil temperatures and heat flux can differ significantly with different fuel loadings. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Massman, WJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2002 IS 29 BP 69 EP 87 PG 19 WC Ecology; Energy & Fuels; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Energy & Fuels; Forestry GA BX52J UT WOS:000185594700007 ER PT B AU Neary, DG Overby, ST Haase, SM AF Neary, DG Overby, ST Haase, SM GP USDA USDA USDA TI Effects of fire interval restoration on carbon and nitrogen in sedimentary- and volcanic-derived soils of the Mogollon Rim, Arizona SO FIRE, FUEL TREATMENTS, AND ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fire, Fuel Treatments, and Ecological Restoration CY APR 16-18, 2002 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Colorado State Forest Serv, Colorado State Univ, Joint Fire Sci Program, Soc Amer Foresters, W Forest Fire Res Ctr ID PONDEROSA PINE; FOREST; AVAILABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; NUTRIENTS; STANDS AB Prescribed fire was returned into over-stocked ponderosa pine stands on the Mogollon Rim of Arizona for the purpose of restoring fire into the ecosystem and removing fuel buildups. Prescribed fires have been ignited at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 years to determine the best fire return interval for Southwestern ponderosa pine ecosystems. Two sites were treated: one on volcanic-derived soils, and the other on sedimentary-derived soils near Flagstaff, Arizona, starting in 1976 and 1977 respectively. Samples from upper 5 cm of the A horizons were analyzed for total carbon and nitrogen using an elemental analyzer. Soil carbon and nitrogen levels were highly variable and exhibited an increasing, but inconsistent, concentration trend related to burn interval. High spatial variability measured within treatments is probably due to micro-site differences (location of samples in the open, under large old-growth trees, in small-diameter thickets, in pole-sized stands, next to downed logs, etc.). Stratification of samples by micro-site differences could possibly reduce the within-plot variability but add considerable complexity to the sampling design. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Neary, DG (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt, Flagstaff, AZ USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2002 IS 29 BP 105 EP 115 PG 11 WC Ecology; Energy & Fuels; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Energy & Fuels; Forestry GA BX52J UT WOS:000185594700011 ER PT B AU Chew, JD AF Chew, JD GP USDA USDA USDA TI Comparing two methods of identifying ecological restoration opportunities SO FIRE, FUEL TREATMENTS, AND ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fire, Fuel Treatments, and Ecological Restoration CY APR 16-18, 2002 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Colorado State Forest Serv, Colorado State Univ, Joint Fire Sci Program, Soc Amer Foresters, W Forest Fire Res Ctr AB Two methods for identifying ecological restoration opportunities in the Northern Region of the Forest Service are compared. Different analysis methods are often used to address issues at different planning scales. The first method is a nonspatial characterization of current vegetation conditions using Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plot data grouped by potential vegetation for both the state of Montana and smaller landscape areas. The second method uses a spatially explicit model on two landscapes of one-half million and I million acres. Similar rule sets are used in both methods to compare current vegetation condition to historic vegetation conditions. This analysis indicates that spatially explicit modeling for determining restoration opportunities would not always support the same decisions made through a nonspatial analysis. For both types of land on the Pintler District area, suitable and unsuitable, the spatially explicit modeling indicates a greater need for more costly restoration and conversion treatments and less maintenance treatments compared to FIA plots for the entire state and just those within the area. For the three land classes on the Bitterroot Face area, only the suitable land had a similar mixture of treatment needs compared to the FIA plots for the entire state and those within the area. The differences in the levels of the treatment opportunities between the methods and scales can have a significant impact on the level of treatment needs and associated budgets identified for programs. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. RP Chew, JD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Res Stn, Rocky Mt, Missoula, MT USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2002 IS 29 BP 135 EP 142 PG 8 WC Ecology; Energy & Fuels; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Energy & Fuels; Forestry GA BX52J UT WOS:000185594700014 ER PT B AU Otrosina, WJ Sung, SS Walkinshaw, CH Sullivan, BT AF Otrosina, WJ Sung, SS Walkinshaw, CH Sullivan, BT GP USDA USDA USDA TI Root pathogens and fire: Silvicultural interactions in "exotic" ecosystems SO FIRE, FUEL TREATMENTS, AND ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fire, Fuel Treatments, and Ecological Restoration CY APR 16-18, 2002 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Colorado State Forest Serv, Colorado State Univ, Joint Fire Sci Program, Soc Amer Foresters, W Forest Fire Res Ctr C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Tree Root, Athens, GA USA. RP Otrosina, WJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Tree Root, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2002 IS 29 BP 159 EP 159 PG 1 WC Ecology; Energy & Fuels; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Energy & Fuels; Forestry GA BX52J UT WOS:000185594700016 ER PT B AU Menakis, JP Osborne, D Miller, M AF Menakis, JP Osborne, D Miller, M GP USDA USDA USDA TI Mapping the cheatgrass-caused departure from historical natural fire regimes in the Great Basin, USA SO FIRE, FUEL TREATMENTS, AND ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fire, Fuel Treatments, and Ecological Restoration CY APR 16-18, 2002 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Colorado State Forest Serv, Colorado State Univ, Joint Fire Sci Program, Soc Amer Foresters, W Forest Fire Res Ctr AB Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) is an exotic grass that has increased fire hazard on millions of square kilometers of semi-arid rangelands in the western United States. Cheatgrass aggressively outcompetes native vegetation after fire and significantly enhances fire size and frequency. To evaluate the effect of cheatgrass on historical natural fire regimes, we combined cheatgrass data mapped from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer images of the Great Basin with Fire Regime Condition Class (FRCC) data mapped from plant succession data incorporated with several spatial data layers for the conterminous United States. These FRCCs depict the degree of departure from historical fire regimes resulting in alterations of key ecosystem components such as species composition, structural stage, stand age, and canopy closure. While the FRCC data layer adequately depicted forest communities, it insufficiently depicted grassland and shrubland communities. By adding chealgrass, FRCC 3 (areas that have been significantly altered from their historical range) increased by 20 percent on Federal lands to almost 60,522 square kilometers for the conterminous United States. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab,Fire Effects Unit, Missoula, MT USA. RP Menakis, JP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab,Fire Effects Unit, Missoula, MT USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2002 IS 29 BP 281 EP 287 PG 7 WC Ecology; Energy & Fuels; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Energy & Fuels; Forestry GA BX52J UT WOS:000185594700029 ER PT B AU Finney, MA Cohen, JD AF Finney, MA Cohen, JD GP USDA USDA USDA TI Expectation and evaluation of fuel management objectives SO FIRE, FUEL TREATMENTS, AND ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fire, Fuel Treatments, and Ecological Restoration CY APR 16-18, 2002 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Colorado State Forest Serv, Colorado State Univ, Joint Fire Sci Program, Soc Amer Foresters, W Forest Fire Res Ctr ID CROWN FIRE; FOREST MANAGEMENT; SPATIAL STRUCTURE; LANDSCAPES; BEHAVIOR; GROWTH; TIME; PINE AB The success of fuel management in helping achieve wildland fire management goals is dependent first upon having realistic expectations. Second, the benefits of fuel management can be realized only when treatments are applied at the appropriate scale to the appropriate source of the problem(s). Scales range from the site- or stand-level to landscape-level, but apply differently for purposes of benefiting wildland values than for increasing home survivability. Lastly, accomplishing the broad goals for fuel management requires understanding how proposed treatments directly contribute to solving specific problems. This process of finding solutions to fire problems is framed in terms of "fire risk management' or reduction of "expected loss." This conceptually depicts the way that treatments can influence fire behavior and thus produce benefits by reducing losses and it avoids the unrealistic expectations that fuel management will stop wildfires and prevent homes from burning. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. RP Finney, MA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Fire Sci Lab, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT USA. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2002 IS 29 BP 353 EP 366 PG 14 WC Ecology; Energy & Fuels; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Energy & Fuels; Forestry GA BX52J UT WOS:000185594700034 ER PT B AU Hof, J Omi, P AF Hof, J Omi, P GP USDA USDA USDA TI Scheduling removals for fuels management SO FIRE, FUEL TREATMENTS, AND ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fire, Fuel Treatments, and Ecological Restoration CY APR 16-18, 2002 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Colorado State Forest Serv, Colorado State Univ, Joint Fire Sci Program, Soc Amer Foresters, W Forest Fire Res Ctr ID PROTECTION PLANNING-MODEL; AGED STAND MANAGEMENT; FOREST FIRE; STOCHASTIC REPRESENTATION; PRODUCTION-RATES; CONTAINMENT; BEHAVIOR; CALIFORNIA; PATTERNS AB We explore management science options for scheduling the placement of fuels reductions. First, we look at approaches for creating and maintaining a pre-specified set of forest conditions that are deemed desirable from a fuels management perspective. This approach is difficult because the pre-specified forest is hard to determine and because it is an any-aged forest management problem that is intrinsically nonlinear. Second, we look at capturing the spatial relationships suggested by fire behavior in long-term fuels management. This approach is difficult because fire origins and behavior can be quite random and unpredictable. It is necessary to accept a particular fire event (analogous to the 500-year flood in flood-control planning) as the target for fuels management. Overall, we conclude that long-term fuels management presents a formidable problem for management scientists. Numerically intense stochastic programming methods, such as Monte Carlo repetitions with a fire simulator, may be the most promising approach. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Hof, J (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2002 IS 29 BP 367 EP 378 PG 12 WC Ecology; Energy & Fuels; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Energy & Fuels; Forestry GA BX52J UT WOS:000185594700035 ER PT B AU Miller, C AF Miller, C GP USDA USDA USDA TI Wildland fire use: A wilderness perspective on fuel management SO FIRE, FUEL TREATMENTS, AND ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fire, Fuel Treatments, and Ecological Restoration CY APR 16-18, 2002 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Colorado State Forest Serv, Colorado State Univ, Joint Fire Sci Program, Soc Amer Foresters, W Forest Fire Res Ctr ID FOREST AB Current federal wildland fire policy recognizes wildland fire as an important natural process and emphasizes the need to reintroduce fire into ecosystems. The policy also recognizes that hazardous fuel accumulations may need to be reduced on vast acreages of land before fire can safely be returned to wildland ecosystems. Wildland fire and fuel managers have a variety of options for reducing fuels including wildland fire use, management-ignited prescribed fires, thinning, and other mechanical methods. All of these options will need to be exploited to accomplish the task of reducing hazardous fuels and restoring healthy fire-dependent ecosystems. Wildland fire use, while focusing primarily on restoring fire as a natural process and maintaining ecosystems, has the potential to be very effective for managing fuels. It may be the most appropriate strategy in wilderness and in other remote unroaded areas. To effectively implement wildland fire use, wildland fire managers will need to rely on comprehensive fire management plans. The development of these plans should include analyses needed to support the wildland fire use decision and should consider the potential benefits from wildland fire, long-term consequences of management decisions, and impacts of decisions across large landscapes. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT USA. RP Miller, C (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, Missoula, MT USA. EM cmiller04@fs.fed.us NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P JI USDA For. Ser. Rocky Mt. Res. Stat. Proc. PY 2002 IS 29 BP 379 EP 385 PG 7 WC Ecology; Energy & Fuels; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Energy & Fuels; Forestry GA BX52J UT WOS:000185594700036 ER PT B AU Long, D Ryan, K Stratton, R Mathews, E Scott, J Mislivets, M Miller, M Hood, S AF Long, D Ryan, K Stratton, R Mathews, E Scott, J Mislivets, M Miller, M Hood, S GP USDA USDA USDA TI Modeling the effects of fuel treatments for the Southern Utah Fuel Management Demonstration Project SO FIRE, FUEL TREATMENTS, AND ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fire, Fuel Treatments, and Ecological Restoration CY APR 16-18, 2002 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Colorado State Forest Serv, Colorado State Univ, Joint Fire Sci Program, Soc Amer Foresters, W Forest Fire Res Ctr ID FIRE AB An integrated multi-scale analysis strategy using output from a variety of fire behavior and effects models has been developed for the Southern Utah Fuel Treatment Demonstration Project. Broader-scale analyses at the sub-basin or subregional scale will employ the models FIREHARM and LANDSUM across the entire study area. Sub-watershed and landscape level analyses will primarily use the FARSITE, FlammMap, and spatial versions of NEXUS and FOFEM on selected landscapes. Stand and polygon level analyses will be simulated using the Fire and Fuel Extension to the Southern Utah variant of the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FFE-FVS) and non-spatial versions of FOFEM and NEXUS for representative fuel and vegetation conditions in the study area. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Inst, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. RP Long, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Inst, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2002 IS 29 BP 387 EP 395 PG 9 WC Ecology; Energy & Fuels; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Energy & Fuels; Forestry GA BX52J UT WOS:000185594700037 ER PT B AU Hann, WJ Strohm, DJ AF Hann, WJ Strohm, DJ GP USDA USDA USDA TI Fire regime condition class and associated data for fire and fuels planning: Methods and applications SO FIRE, FUEL TREATMENTS, AND ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS SE USDA FOREST SERVICE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RESEARCH STATION PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fire, Fuel Treatments, and Ecological Restoration CY APR 16-18, 2002 CL FT COLLINS, CO SP USDA Forest Serv, Colorado State Forest Serv, Colorado State Univ, Joint Fire Sci Program, Soc Amer Foresters, W Forest Fire Res Ctr ID CENTRAL COLORADO; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS AB A pilot project was conducted in the Trout West watersheds of the Pike National Forest in Central Colorado. Maps and interpretations were developed to support prioritization, planning, and effects analysis for fuel and ecosystem restoration to achieve National Fire Plan Cohesive Strategy options. The area is about 65,000 hectares (135,000 acres) in size and representative of Southern Rocky Mt. Province ponderosa pine ecosystems. Fire regime potential vegetation-fuel types, departure from central tendency of the historical range of variability (HRV), fire regime condition class, wildfire ignition risk, wildland urban interface, fuel models, and associated information were mapped. An analysis was conducted indicating that treatment of about 10,000 hectares (25,000 acres) of high and moderate HRV departure areas, and maintenance of about 2000 hectares (5000 acres) of low departure areas, could achieve condition class I over a 5-year period. Treatment and maintenance focused on a landscape design substantially reduced wildfire risk to both wildland urban interface and ecosystems. A treatment option focused only on wildland urban interface and buffer areas did not substantially reduce risk to communities or ecosystems when compared to the no-treatment option. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Silver Spring, NM USA. RP Hann, WJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Silver Spring, NM USA. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN PI FT COLLINS PA FT COLLINS, CO 80526 USA J9 US FOR SERV RMRS-P PY 2002 IS 29 BP 397 EP 433 PG 37 WC Ecology; Energy & Fuels; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Energy & Fuels; Forestry GA BX52J UT WOS:000185594700038 ER PT J AU Lochmann, RT Davis, KB Simco, BA AF Lochmann, RT Davis, KB Simco, BA TI Cortisol response of golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas) fed diets differing in lipid content SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cortisol; cyprinids; fatty acids; minnows; nutrition; stress ID LARGEMOUTH BASS; STRESS; TRANSPORTATION; TESTOSTERONE; SURVIVAL; RELEASE; CATFISH AB The purpose of this study was to characterize the plasma cortisol response in golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas) under crowding stress, and to determine whether dietary lipid affects the cortisol response. The main differences between the diets were the relative amounts and types of fatty acids of the n-3 and n-6 families. In experiment 1, triplicate groups of golden shiners were fed diets with 4 or 13% menhaden fish oil, or 4 or 13% poultry fat at 3% body weight for 4 weeks before the crowding stress. In experiment 2, fish were fed diets with 8% lipid from soybean oil (SBO), cod liver oil (CLO), (SBO+CLO), or cottonseed oil (CSO) for 6 weeks before the stress test. Plasma cortisol was measured initially, two hours after the stressor was applied, and two hours after the stressor was removed. The overall pattern of the cortisol response was similar to that seen in other warmwater fishes, but the rate and magnitude of the response were not affected by diet in either experiment. Golden shiners have an intermediate cortisol response compared to other fish that have been exposed to similarly stressful conditions. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Fisheries & Aquaculture, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. ARS, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Memphis, Ecol Res Ctr, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP Lochmann, RT (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mail Stop 4912, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. EM rlochmann@uaex.edu NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PY 2002 VL 27 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.1023/B:FISH.0000021772.86442.08 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 806QM UT WOS:000220448400004 ER PT S AU Manthey, JA Buslig, BS Baker, ME AF Manthey, JA Buslig, BS Baker, ME BE Buslig, BS Manthey, JA TI Flavonoids in cell function SO FLAVONOIDS IN CELL FUNCTION SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Flavonoids in Cell Function CY MAR 29-30, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Cargill Foods Inc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GENISTEIN; DAIDZEIN; CANCER; GLUCURONIDE; ISOFLAVONES; PREVENTION; VEGETABLES; SULFATE; FRUIT C1 USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Manthey, JA (reprint author), USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S,NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-47254-6 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2002 VL 505 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BU35G UT WOS:000175746500001 PM 12083454 ER PT S AU Berhow, MA AF Berhow, MA BE Buslig, BS Manthey, JA TI Modern analytical techniques for flavonoid determination SO FLAVONOIDS IN CELL FUNCTION SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Flavonoids in Cell Function CY MAR 29-30, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Cargill Foods Inc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Agr & Food Chem ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ISOFLAVONE CONTENT; PHENYLPROPANOID METABOLISM; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; NARINGIN LEVELS; CITRUS TISSUES; SOYBEAN SEEDS; ELECTROSPRAY; GLYCOSIDES; SEPARATION C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Berhow, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 67 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-47254-6 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2002 VL 505 BP 61 EP 76 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BU35G UT WOS:000175746500006 PM 12083467 ER PT J AU Lee, WJ Pedersen, JF Shelton, DR AF Lee, WJ Pedersen, JF Shelton, DR TI Relationship of Sorghum kernel size to physiochemical, milling, pasting, and cooking properties SO FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE sorghum, sized; quality; hardness; protein; milling; pasting; cooking ID QUALITY; RICE AB Effects of kernel size on grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] quality were studied in an experiment designed to separate effects of kernel size from seedlot. The study utilized three sieve fractions of varying kernel diameter (> 3.35, > 2.80 and > 2.36 mm) from six seedlots. Chemical composition, physical characteristics, milling characteristics, pasting properties, and cooking qualities were determined for each kernel size fraction. Large kernels lost less relative mass during I min of decortication, were higher in protein concentration, and lower in ash. Milling yields were higher from large kernels, and flour from large kernels had higher water absorbance, brighter white color, and larger particle size. Kernel size effects on Rapid Visco Analyzer (RVA) properties were not consistent. These results suggest that within the sorghum seedlots studied, an increase in kernel size is associated with an increase in sorghum quality as defined by the parameters measured in this study. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Kangnung Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci, Kangnung 210702, South Korea. Wheat Mkt Ctr Inc, Portland, OR 97209 USA. RP Pedersen, JF (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 344 Keim, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9969 J9 FOOD RES INT JI Food Res. Int. PY 2002 VL 35 IS 7 BP 643 EP 649 AR PII S0963-9969(01)00167-3 DI 10.1016/S0963-9969(01)00167-3 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 571BV UT WOS:000176695700006 ER PT J AU Dibble, AC AF Dibble, AC TI Special issue: Forest ecology in the next millennium: Putting the long view into practice - Introduction SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Bradley, ME 04411 USA. RP Dibble, AC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, 686 Govt Rd, Bradley, ME 04411 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00542-4 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 513NR UT WOS:000173385100001 ER PT J AU Pilz, D Molina, R AF Pilz, D Molina, R TI Commercial harvests of edible mushrooms from the forests of the Pacific Northwest United States: issues, management, and monitoring for sustainability SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd North American Forest Ecology Workshop CY JUN 27-30, 1999 CL UNIV MAINE, ORONO, MAINE SP Soc Amer Foresters, Forest Ecology Working Grp, USDA, Forest Serv HO UNIV MAINE DE ecosystem management; edible mushrooms; fungi; monitoring; mycorrhizae; nontimber forest products; Pacific Northwest ID ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; WILDFIRE; MORCHELLA; COMMUNITY; DIVERSITY; OREGON AB Widespread commercial harvesting of wild edible mushrooms from the forests of the Pacific Northwest United States (PNW-US) began 10-15 years ago. A large proportion of suitable forest habitat in this region is managed by the Forest Service (US Department of Agriculture) and Bureau of Land Management (US Department of the Interior). These lands are managed under an ecosystem management philosophy that entails multiple-use, sustainable forest product harvesting, resource monitoring, public participation in forest management issues, and holistic planning. Managing the harvest of edible mushrooms engages every aspect of (his management philosophy, We examine a variety of issues raised by mushroom harvesting and how these issues interact with forest ecosystem management choices. We discuss regulations currently being used by managers to conserve the mushroom resource while further information is gathered, unique challenges and considerations inherent to sampling fungi, and current research and monitoring activities in the Pacific Northwest. Although current scientific evidence suggests that harvesting likely will not harm the resource in the short term, no statistically-based monitoring information exists about the cumulative impacts of intensive and widespread commercial harvesting over long-time periods. We outline a three pronged approach to long-term monitoring of the resource: (1) tracking harvest quantities in areas with intense commercial harvests; (2) sampling productivity in areas with no mushroom or timber harvests; and (3) conducting research to model the relations between forest management and mushroom productivity. Public participation and a broad collaboration among public land management agencies, private forest landowners, forest managers, researchers, and research organizations will make this approach cost effective and the results widely applicable. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Pilz, D (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 59 TC 53 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00543-6 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 513NR UT WOS:000173385100002 ER PT J AU McNab, WH Loftis, DL AF McNab, WH Loftis, DL TI Probability of occurrence and habitat features for oriental bittersweet in an oak forest in the southern Appalachian mountains, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd North American Forest Ecology Workshop CY JUN 27-30, 1999 CL UNIV MAINE, ORONO, MAINE SP Soc Amer Foresters, Forest Ecology Working Grp, USDA, Forest Serv HO UNIV MAINE DE disturbance exotic species; hazard rating; moisture regimes; oriental bittersweet; wild turkey ID INDEX AB Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), an introduced vine from southeast Asia, has become a serious threat to native forests in the eastern United States. It is typical of many exotic species in that quantitative ecological relationships are unavailable for assessment or management. We devised a rapid survey technique useful for hazard rating and modeled the probability of occurrence of oriental bittersweet in relation to environment, competition, and disturbance in stands of deciduous hardwoods in mountainous terrain. Oriental bittersweet was present on 39% of the study area, which has been managed by the selection system of silviculture and was recently disturbed by hurricane-force winds. Bittersweet was significantly associated with (1) topographic variables indicative of mesic environments, (2) density of midstory arborescent vegetation, (3) overstory canopy gaps, (4) past silvicultural harvests, (5) overstory canopy composition, and (5) scarification of the forest floor, Search distance from plot center to the first individual of bittersweet was significantly less (P = 0.04) on mesic than xeric sites. We developed a logistic regression model with five significant (P < 0.05) variables that classified correctly 87% of the sample plots. Variables in the model are biologically interpretable and indicate that the probability of occurrence of oriental bittersweet increases with (1) overstory canopy not dominated by oaks (Quercus spp.), (2) scarification of the forest floor, (3) concavity of the landscape around the site, (4) wind disturbance, and (5) increasing elevation. Using an independent data set from the same study area, the model classified correctly 88% of sample plots. Land management options in forests, where oriental bittersweet is present, are broadest on dry sites where its probability of occurrence is lowest and its growth response resulting from release should be least. Although herbicides can be effective in a program of intensive control, because of its biological characteristics we suggest that oriental bittersweet will present an increasing problem to land managers throughout the eastern United States. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. RP McNab, WH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Bent Creek Expt Forest,1577 Brevard Rd, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. NR 27 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 45 EP 54 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00546-1 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 513NR UT WOS:000173385100005 ER PT J AU Menzel, MA Owen, SF Ford, WM Edwards, JW Wood, PB Chapman, BR Miller, KV AF Menzel, MA Owen, SF Ford, WM Edwards, JW Wood, PB Chapman, BR Miller, KV TI Roost tree selection by northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) maternity colonies in an industrial forest of the central Appalachian mountains SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd North American Forest Ecology Workshop CY JUN 27-30, 1999 CL UNIV MAINE, ORONO, ME SP Soc Amer Foresters, Forest Ecol Working Grp, USDA, Forest Serv HO UNIV MAINE DE bats; black locust; central Appalachian; maternity roosts; Myotis septentrionalis; northern long-eared bat; Robinia pseudoacacia ID MANAGEMENT; STANDS; CALIFORNIA; BEHAVIOR; SODALIS; ECOLOGY AB As part of a bat ecology research effort in managed forests, we tracked seven lactating northern long-eared bats (Myotis septentrionalis Trouessart) to 12 roost trees used by maternity colonies ranging in size from I I to 65 individuals in the central Appalachians of West Virginia. Lactating females switched among roosts on average every 5 days. Roosts were located in nine tree species, with I I roosts in tree cavities and I under exfoliating bark. Eight of the roosts were located in snags; the other four were located in cavities in living trees. Black locust (Robinia pseudo-acacia L.) snags were selected as a roost sites more than expected based on their occurrence in the forests we surveyed. Only 3 of the 24 habitat characteristics differed between actual roost trees and randomly located cavity trees. Structurally, actual roosts tended to be closer to neighboring trees than did suitable roosts in randomly located cavity trees. Tree species was an important factor that influenced roost tree selection, with black locusts being used significantly more than expected based on their abundance across the managed forest landscape we studied. All northern long-eared bat roosts were located in or below the forest canopy which suggests that solar exposure may not be as critical for selection of roost trees by maternity colonies of this species as opposed to other species of tree-roosting bat at more northern latitudes in North America. Although many previous studies have demonstrated the importance of old-growth habitat in providing roosting habitat for tree-roosting bats, use of roosting habitat and characteristics of roost sites have been little documented within intensively managed forests. Our research indicates that in managed, Allegheny hardwood northern hardwood forests of the central Appalachians, short-lived, early successional species such as black locust may provide suitable roosting habitat for northern long-eared bats, as well as other species of bats. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USGS, W Virginia Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Ford, WM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Box 404, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. EM mford@fs.fed.us NR 46 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00551-5 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 513NR UT WOS:000173385100010 ER PT J AU Weakland, CA Wood, PB Ford, WM AF Weakland, CA Wood, PB Ford, WM TI Responses of songbirds to diameter-limit cutting in the central Appalachians of West Virginia, USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd North American Forest Ecology Workshop CY JUN 27-30, 1999 CL UNIV MAINE, ORONO, MAINE SP Soc Amer Foresters, Forest Ecology Working Grp, USDA, Forest Serv HO UNIV MAINE DE diameter-limit; partial harvesting songbirds; nesting success; high-grading ID BREEDING BIRDS; FOREST; SUCCESS; INDICATOR; DENSITY AB Diameter-limit harvesting is a commonly-used forest harvesting technique among landowners in West Virginia as opposed to silviculturally-accepted systems such as clearcutting, single-tree selection, and two-age harvesting. Songbird species respond both negatively and positively to these systems, and ornithologists suggest these techniques can be used when managing for songbirds at the stand and landscape levels. However, little is known about the effects of diameter-limit harvesting an songbird abundances and their reproductive success. We evaluated the effects of this technique on songbird populations at the Westvaco Wildlife and Ecosystem Research Forest (WWERF) in the Allegheny Mountains of West Virginia. The area is an industrial forest composed predominantly of Appalachian hardwoods 60-80 years old. We examined songbird abundances throughout the forest and nesting success on four 40 ha plots in 1996. In 1997, two plots were harvested using (lie diameter-limit technique where most trees greater than or equal to45.7 cm were removed. Abundance and nesting success were monitored again in 1997 and 1998. Results indicate that the abundances of most songbird species present prior to harvest changed little after the timber removal. Two species, the Canada warbler (Wilsonia canadensis) and dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis), were more abundant in harvested areas than unharvested forest. One habitat group, interior/edge species, and total abundance of songbirds also had higher abundance in harvested areas. Overall nest survival in harvested areas was higher both 1- (37.7%) and 2-years (46.4%) after harvesting than before harvesting (14.9%). Only large-diameter trees were removed on the WWERF, and intermediate and subcanopy trees remained standing, retaining considerable structural heterogeneity. Stands that were harvested differed from unharvested stands by having more snags, higher density of trees greater than or equal to8-14.9 cm, and a higher percent cover of down wood, Canopy cover over 24 m, density of saplings, and the amount of leaf litter decreased after harvesting, while canopy cover greater than or equal to0.5-3 m and the percent of bareground increased. Diameter-limit harvesting at the low intensity in our study might not adversely affect forest-dwelling songbirds in the central Appalachians in the short-term and forest bird communities could be retained. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B. V. All rights reserved. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USGS, W Virginia Coopert Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Div, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Weakland, CA (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, POB 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RI Liu, Yi-Chun/H-5463-2012 NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 115 EP 129 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00552-7 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 513NR UT WOS:000173385100011 ER PT J AU Ford, WM Chapman, BR Menzel, MA Odom, RH AF Ford, WM Chapman, BR Menzel, MA Odom, RH TI Stand age and habitat influences on salamanders in Appalachian cove hardwood forests SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd North American Forest Ecology Workshop CY JUN 27-30, 1999 CL UNIV MAINE, ORONO, MAINE SP Soc Amer Foresters, Forest Ecology Working Grp, USDA, Forest Serv HO UNIV MAINE DE clearcutting; cove hardwoods; habitat connectivity; salamanders; southern Appalachians ID HERBACEOUS UNDERSTORIES; TERRESTRIAL SALAMANDERS; POPULATIONS; MOUNTAINS; ABUNDANCE; LANDFORM; RECOVERY AB We surveyed cove hardwood stands aged 15, 25, 50, and greater than or equal to85 years following clearcutting in the southern Appalachian Mountains of northern Georgia to assess the effects of stand age and stand habitat characteristics on salamander communities using drift-fence array and pitfall methodologies from May 1994 to April 1995. Over a 60,060 pitfall trapnight effort, we collected 3937 salamanders represented by Desmognathus aeneus, Desmognathus monticola, Desinognathus ocoee, Desmognathus quadramaculatus, Eutycea bislineata, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus, Pseudotriton ruber, Plethodon glutinosus, Plethodon serratus, and Notophthalmus viridescens. Analysis of covariance with pitfall array to stream distance as the covariate showed that salamander species richness and diversity measures and numbers of Desmognathus aeneus and Desinognathus ocoee were highest in stands greater than or equal to85 years. Eurycea bislineata and Plethodon glutinosus were more abundant in stands less than or equal to50 years old than in stands greater than or equal to85 years. Within cove hardwood stands, species richness and diversity measures and relative abundances of Desinognathus spp. and Gyrinophilus porphyriticus were negatively correlated with distance to stream. Species richness and diversity were positively correlated to amounts of emergent rock. Species richness, diversity and relative abundances of Desmognathus spp. were correlated with basal area within stands and extent of connected mesic, cove hardwood habitat and amount of cove habitat within I km radius among stands. Eurycea bislineata was negatively correlated with landform index, a measure of surrounding landform sheltering, and Plethodon glutinosus was positively correlated with elevation in cove hardwood stands. Our research indicates stand age is an important factor in explaining the abundance and community composition of salamanders in southern Appalachian cove hardwood communities. Because southern Appalachian woodland salamander communities are slow to recover and are substantially changed following disturbances such as clearcutting, populations in small, isolated cove hardwood stands might be more vulnerable to extirpation or may require longer recovery times than those in larger coves. Managers may need to assess habitat features such as cove extent and habitat connectivity to minimize impacts on these taxa by forest management activities in southern Appalachian cove hardwood communities. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. Univ Georgia, Daniel B Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Forest Technol Grp, Summerville, SC 29484 USA. RP Ford, WM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Box 404, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. NR 56 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 131 EP 141 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00553-9 PG 11 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 513NR UT WOS:000173385100012 ER PT J AU Lanham, JD Keyser, PD Brose, PH Van Lear, DH AF Lanham, JD Keyser, PD Brose, PH Van Lear, DH TI Oak regeneration using the shelterwood-burn technique: management options and implications for songbird conservation in the southeastern United States SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd North American Forest Ecology Workshop CY JUN 27-30, 1999 CL UNIV MAINE, ORONO, ME SP Soc Amer Foresters, Forest Ecol Working Grp, USDA, Forest Serv HO UNIV MAINE DE songbirds; conservation; oak regeneration; prescribed fire; shelterwood ID RED OAK; HARDWOODS; STANDS; DIVERSITY; FORESTS; DECLINE; GROWTH AB Shelterwood silviculture is commonly used to regenerate oaks in upland stands. However, competition from other species such as tulip-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) may deter oak regeneration when these traditional shelterwood techniques are used. The shelterwood-burn technique is a relatively new tool for regenerating oak-dominated stands on some upland sites while simultaneously minimizing undesirable hardwood intrusion with prescribed fire. Once successful oak regeneration has been achieved, three options are available which will result in different vegetative structure and composition within a stand and subsequently different habitats for songbirds. These options are: complete or partial canopy retention, post-harvest prescribed burning and complete canopy removal. Canopy retention, burning and removal treatments will create, respectively, two-age stands that are likely to harbor a diverse mixture of mature forest and early successional species; park-like woodlands with open woodland species; or early-successional habitats with shrubland species. We suggest that shelterwood-burn systems and the management options associated with them offer viable alternatives for managing both songbird and timber resources where oak-dominated stands are the desired goal in upland southeastern sites. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Westvavo Corp, Rupert, WV 25984 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Lanham, JD (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Forest Resources, 261 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM lanham@clemson.edu NR 53 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 143 EP 152 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00554-0 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 513NR UT WOS:000173385100013 ER PT J AU Gove, JH Ducey, MJ Valentine, HT AF Gove, JH Ducey, MJ Valentine, HT TI Multistage point relascope and randomized branch sampling for downed coarse woody debris estimation SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd North American Forest Ecology Workshop CY JUN 27-30, 1999 CL UNIV MAINE, ORONO, MAINE SP Soc Amer Foresters, Forest Ecology Working Grp, USDA, Forest Serv HO UNIV MAINE DE angle gauge sampling; inventory methods; probability proportional to size sampling ID TREES AB New sampling methods have recently been introduced that allow estimation of downed coarse woody debris using an angle gauge, or relascope. The theory behind these methods is based on sampling straight pieces of downed coarse woody debris. When pieces deviate from this ideal situation, auxillary methods must be employed. We describe a two-stage procedure where the relascope is used to select pieces of downed coarse woody debris in the first stage. If the pieces so chosen on the first stage have multiple branches and detailed estimates are required for the entire piece, then a second stage sample is advocated using the randomized branch technique. Both techniques are reviewed and an example is given examining possible surrogate variables for the second stage. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B. V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Gove, JH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RI Ducey, Mark/K-1101-2016 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 153 EP 162 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00555-2 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 513NR UT WOS:000173385100014 ER PT J AU Solomon, DS Zhang, LJ AF Solomon, DS Zhang, LJ TI Maximum size-density relationships for mixed softwoods in the northeastern USA SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd North American Forest Ecology Workshop CY JUN 27-30, 1999 CL UNIV MAINE, ORONO, MAINE SP Soc Amer Foresters, Forest Ecology Working Grp, USDA, Forest Serv HO UNIV MAINE DE self-thinning; stand density; stocking; mixed-softwood forest; northeast ID DOUGLAS-FIR PLANTATIONS; MANAGEMENT DIAGRAMS; OBJECTIVES; STANDS AB The maximum size-density relationships or self-thinning lines were developed for three mixed-softwood climax forest habitats (hemlock-red spruce, spruce-fir, and cedar-black spruce) in the northeastern USA, The plot data were collected from an extensive data base used in growth studies from 1950 to 1970, and represented a wide range of species compositions, sites. management options, and densities. Plots having late successional species compositions with relative density index higher than 0.7 were selected as the most fully-stocked plots for model development. Reduced major axis regression was used to fit the self-thinning lines to the data, The differences between the three forest habitats were tested using the 95,70 confidence intervals of the coefficients of the self-thinning lines. The results indicated that there were no differences between the hemlock-red spruce and spruce-fir habitats for both relationships of the mean tree volume versus number of trees, and the quadratic mean tree diameter versus number of trees. Thus, these two habitats were combined to develop a single self-thinning line. However, the cedar-black spruce forest habitat required a separate self-thinning line. These maximum size-density relationships can be readily used to construct stand density management diagrams. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Zhang, LJ (reprint author), SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, 1 Forestry Dr, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. NR 32 TC 20 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00556-4 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 513NR UT WOS:000173385100015 ER PT J AU Miles, PD AF Miles, PD TI Using biological criteria and indicators to address forest inventory data at the state level SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd North American Forest Ecology Workshop CY JUN 27-30, 1999 CL UNIV MAINE, ORONO, MAINE SP Soc Amer Foresters, Forest Ecology Working Grp, USDA, Forest Serv HO UNIV MAINE DE criteria and indicators; forest inventory AB The Santiago Declaration identified seven criteria and 67 indicators for assessing the conservation and sustainable management of temperate and boreal forests. Data collected by the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service can be used to directly address at least 11 biological indicators. The FIA program has conducted periodic inventories of forestland for several decades. These inventories provide statistical estimates of forest area, timber volume, growth, removals, and mortality Recent legislation has mandated that the Forest Service inventory the forestland of the US on an annual basis measuring the entire set of national sample plots over a 5-year period. This paper identifies which criteria and indicators can be addressed by FIA data; the scale at which it may be appropriate to use these data; and how recent changes will impact the Forest Service's ability to provide information needed to address these indicators. Data from the two most recent inventories of Iowa (1974 and 1990) and Minnesota (1977 and 1990) are used to show how criteria and indicators relate to trends in forest composition and extent, timber resource utilization, and the population size of native and non-native trees. These two states have distinctly different forest resources, ranging from sparse to dense, and provide a good test of the effectiveness of using forest inventory data to provide criteria and indicator information at the state level. Analysis of the data for the last two inventories of Iowa and Minnesota reveals that the area of timberland has increased by 34 and 8%, respectively, while growing-stock volumes have increased by 47 and 23%. Volumes of most native species increased over the period, especially for pioneer species such as Juniperus virginiana L. [Little (1979). Agricultural Handbook No. 541, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ft. Collins, CO] (eastern red cedar). A notable exception was the 52% decline of Omits americana L. (American elm) due to the spread of Dutch elm disease. The number of non-native species also increased. In Iowa, the estimated number of live Ulmus pumila L. (Siberian elm) trees, a non-native species, went from 0 in 1974 to 675 x 10(3) in 1990. During the 1990 inventory of Minnesota another non-native species, Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (tree of heaven), was sampled for the first time. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Miles, PD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 171 EP 185 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00557-6 PG 15 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 513NR UT WOS:000173385100016 ER PT J AU Iverson, LR Prasad, AM AF Iverson, LR Prasad, AM TI Potential redistribution of tree species habitat under five climate change scenarios in the eastern US SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd North American Forest Ecology Workshop CY JUN 27-30, 1999 CL UNIV MAINE, ORONO, MAINE SP Soc Amer Foresters, Forest Ecology Working Grp, USDA, Forest Serv HO UNIV MAINE DE climate change; eastern US; tree species migration; regression tree analysis ID FUTURE CLIMATE; UNITED-STATES; MODEL; VEGETATION; RANGE; DISTRIBUTIONS; ABUNDANCE; FLORIDA; PINE; PAST AB Global climate change could have profound effects on the Earth's biota, including large redistributions of tree species and forest types. We used DISTRIB, a deterministic regression tree analysis model, to examine environmental drivers related to current forest-species distributions and then model potential suitable habitat under five climate change scenarios associated with a doubling of atmospheric CO,. Potential shifts in suitable habitat for 76 common tree species in the eastern US were evaluated based on more than 100,000 plots and 33 environmental variables related to climate, soils, land use, and elevation. Regression tree analysis was used to devise prediction rules from current species-environment relationships. These rules were used to replicate the current distribution and predict the potential suitable habitat for more than 2100 counties east of the 100th meridian. The calculation of an importance value-weighted area score, averaged across the five climate scenarios, allowed comparison among species for their overall potential it) be affected by climate change. When this score was averaged across all five climate scenarios, 34 tree species were projected to expand by at least 10%, while 31 species could decrease by at least 10%. Several species (Populus tremuloides, P. grandidentata, Acer saccharum, Betula papyrifera, Thuja occidentalis) could have their suitable habitat extirpated from US, Depending on the scenario, the optimum latitude of suitable habitat moved north more than 20 km for 38-47 species, including 8-27 species more than 200 km or into Canada. Although the five scenarios were in general agreement with respect to the overall tendencies in potential future suitable habitat, significant variations occurred in the amount of potential movement in many of the species. The five scenarios were ranked for their severity on potential tree habitat changes, Actual species redistributions, within the suitable habitat modeled here, will be controlled by migration rates through fragmented landscapes, as well as human manipulations. (C), 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RP Iverson, LR (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, 359 Main Rd, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. RI Iverson, Louis/C-7554-2009 OI Iverson, Louis/0000-0001-9501-471X NR 50 TC 97 Z9 105 U1 7 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 205 EP 222 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00559-X PG 18 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 513NR UT WOS:000173385100018 ER PT J AU Rogers, P AF Rogers, P TI Using Forest Health Monitoring to assess aspen forest cover change in the southern Rockies ecoregion SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd North American Forest Ecology Workshop CY JUN 27-30, 1999 CL UNIV MAINE, ORONO, ME SP Soc Amer Foresters, Forest Ecol Working Grp, USDA, Forest Serv HO UNIV MAINE DE aspen; ecosystems; forest health; forest succession; forest disturbance; Populus tremuloides ID NATIONAL-PARK; LANDSCAPE; FIRE; SETTLEMENT; DYNAMICS; MYTH AB Long-term qualitative observations suggest a marked decline in quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) primarily due to advancing succession and fire suppression. This study presents an ecoregional coarse-grid analysis of the current aspen situation using Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) data from Idaho, Wyoming, and Colorado. A unique feature of aspen forests in western North America is regeneration primarily by asexual "suckering" although rare seeding events do occur, The dominant clonal process provides the basis for this analysis. In essence, the remaining aspen steins of previously large clones provide a window to the past and possibly a view of the future. The author uses baseline observations of aspen and associated tree species regeneration, forest size and structure components, stand age, tree damage, and recent disturbance to assess regional aspen conditions. Analysis of stands where aspen is dominant (aspen forest type) and where aspen merely occurs (aspen present) are presented. Basic groupings within the aspen forest type plots were obtained by cluster analysis of 10 FHM variables derived from tree- and plot-level measurements. Stable and unstable aspen forest types were verified using principal component analysis, A further criterion of at least 25% conifer species present was placed on the unstable group to render a more conservative population estimate of instability. The unstable aspen forest types, along with the plots having only the presence of aspen, comprise the dynamic portion of the aspen community in this area. These results support the hypothesis of an aspen decline within the past 100 years. However, additional regional plots and long-term remeasurements should provide a clearer picture of the decline's extent. Altering current and future management practices may significantly affect the rate of change. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. RP Rogers, P (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 507 25th St, Ogden, UT 84401 USA. EM progers@fs.fed.us NR 51 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 223 EP 236 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00560-6 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 513NR UT WOS:000173385100019 ER PT J AU He, HS Mladenoff, DJ Gustafson, EJ AF He, HS Mladenoff, DJ Gustafson, EJ TI Study of landscape change under forest harvesting and climate warming-induced fire disturbance SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd North American Forest Ecology Workshop CY JUN 27-30, 1999 CL UNIV MAINE, ORONO, MAINE SP Soc Amer Foresters, Forest Ecology Working Grp, USDA, Forest Serv HO UNIV MAINE DE climate warming; landscape model; LANDIS; fire; forest harvesting; Wisconsin ID TREE-SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; MODEL SIMULATIONS; PLANT MIGRATION; BOREAL FORESTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; DYNAMICS; SUCCESSION; CLASSIFICATION; DISPERSAL AB We examined tree species responses under forest harvesting and an increased fire disturbance scenario due to climate warming in northern Wisconsin where northern hardwood and boreal forests are currently predominant. Individual species response at (lie ecosystem scale was simulated with a gap model, which integrates soil, climate and species data. stratified by ecoregions. Such responses were quantified as species establishment coefficients. These coefficients were used to parameterize a spatially explicit landscape model. LANDIS. Species response to climate warming a( the landscape scale was simulated with LANDIS, which integrates ecosystem dynamics with spatial processes including seed dispersal. fire disturbance, and forest harvesting. Under a 5 degreesC annual temperature increase predicted by global climate models (GCM), our simulation results suggest that significant change in species composition and abundance could occur in the two ecoregions in the study area. In the glacial lake plain (lakeshore) ecoregion under warming conditions, boreal and northern hardwood species such as red oak,, sugar maple, white pine, balsam fir, paper birch, yellow birch, and aspen decline gradually during and after climate warming. Southern species such as white ash, hickory, bur oak, black oak, and white oak, which are present in minor amounts before the warming, increase in abundance oil (lie landscape, The transition of the northern hardwood and boreal forest to one dominated by southern species occurs around year 200. In the sand barrens ecoregion under warming conditions, red pine initially benefits from the decline of other northern hardwood species, and its abundance quickly increases. However, red pine and jack pine as well as new southern species are unable to reproduce, and the ecoregion could transform into a region with only grass and shrub species around 250 years under warming climate. Increased fire frequency can accelerate the decline of shade-tolerant species such as balsam fir and sugar maple and accelerate the northward migration of southern species. Forest harvesting accelerated the decline of northern hardwood and boreal tree species. This is especially obvious on the barrens ecoregion, where the intensive cutting regime contributed to the decline of red pine and jack pine already under stressed environments. Forest managers may instead consider a conservative cutting plan or protective management scenarios with limited forest harvesting. This could prolong the transformation of the barrens into prairie from one-half to one tree life cycle. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP He, HS (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Nat Resources, 203M ABNR Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. OI He, Hong S./0000-0002-3983-2512 NR 66 TC 50 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 257 EP 270 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00563-1 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 513NR UT WOS:000173385100021 ER PT J AU Mitchell, RJ Huater, ML Palik, BJ AF Mitchell, RJ Huater, ML Palik, BJ TI Natural disturbance as a guide to silviculture - Preface SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 31770 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Mitchell, RJ (reprint author), Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Rt 2,Box 2324, Newton, GA 31770 USA. NR 14 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 315 EP 317 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00568-0 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 513NR UT WOS:000173385100026 ER PT J AU Palik, BJ Mitchell, RJ Hiers, JK AF Palik, BJ Mitchell, RJ Hiers, JK TI Modeling silviculture after natural disturbance to sustain biodiversity in the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem: balancing complexity and implementation SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd North American Forest Ecology Workshop CY JUN 27-30, 1999 CL UNIV MAINE, ORONO, MAINE SP Soc Amer Foresters, Forest Ecology Working Grp, USDA, Forest Serv HO UNIV MAINE DE natural disturbance; silviculture; longleaf pine; biodiversity; prescribed fire ID FIRE SEASON; PITYOPSIS-GRAMINIFOLIA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; FOREST; AVAILABILITY; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH; FORB; GAPS AB Modeling silviculture after natural disturbance to maintain biodiversity is a popular concept, yet its application remains elusive. We discuss difficulties inherent to this idea, and suggest approaches to facilitate implementation, using longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) as an example. Natural disturbance regimes are spatially and temporally variable. Variability leads to a range of structural outcomes, or results in different pathways leading to similar structures. In longleaf pine, lightning, hurricanes, surface fires, and windthrow all lead to similar structures, but at different rates. Consequently, a manager can select among various natural disturbance patterns when searching for an appropriate silvicultural model. This facilitates management by providing flexibility to meet a range of objectives. The outcomes of natural disturbances are inherently different from those of silviculture, for example, harvesting always removes boles. It is instructive to think of silvicultural disturbances along a gradient in structural outcomes, reflecting degree of disparity With natural disturbance. In longleaf pine this might involve managing for two-cohort structure, instead of multi-cohort structure characteristic of old growth stands. While two-cohort structure is a simplification over the old growth condition, it is an improvement over single-cohort management. Reducing structural disparity between managed and unmanaged forests is key to sustaining biodiversity because of linkages that exist between structural elements, forest biota, and ecosystem processes. Finally, interactions of frequency, severity, intensity, seasonality, and spatial pattern define a disturbance regime. These components may not have equal weight in affecting biodiversity. Some are easier to emulate with silviculture than are others. For instance, ecologists consider growing-season fire more reflective of the natural fire regime in longleaf pine and critical for maintenance of biodiversity. However, dormant season fire is easier to use and recent work with native plants suggests that seasonality of fire may be less critical to maintenance of species richness, as one component of biodiversity, than is generally believed. Science can advance the goal of modeling silviculture after natural disturbances by better illustrating cause and effect relationships among components of disturbance regimes and the structure and function of ecosystems. Wide application requires approaches that are adaptable to different operational situations and landowner objectives. A key point for managers to remember is that strict adherence to a silvicultural regime that closely parallels a natural disturbance regime may not always be necessary to maintain biodiversity. We outline examples of silvicultural systems for longleaf pine that demonstrates these ideas. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 31770 USA. RP Palik, BJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 1831 Hwy,169 E, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. NR 39 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 347 EP 356 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00571-0 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 513NR UT WOS:000173385100029 ER PT J AU Franklin, JF Spies, TA Van Pelt, R Carey, AB Thornburgh, DA Berg, DR Lindenmayer, DB Harmon, ME Keeton, WS Shaw, DC Bible, K Chen, JQ AF Franklin, JF Spies, TA Van Pelt, R Carey, AB Thornburgh, DA Berg, DR Lindenmayer, DB Harmon, ME Keeton, WS Shaw, DC Bible, K Chen, JQ TI Disturbances and structural development of natural forest ecosystems with silvicultural implications, using Douglas-fir forests as an example SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd North American Forest Ecology Workshop CY JUN 27-30, 1999 CL UNIV MAINE, ORONO, ME SP Soc Amer Foresters, Forest Ecol Working Grp, USDA, Forest Serv HO UNIV MAINE DE ecosystem; disturbance; biological legacies; stand-structure; structural retention; succession; stand development ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; OLD-GROWTH FORESTS; CANOPY STRUCTURE; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CONIFEROUS FORESTS; LANDSCAPE PATTERNS; RESIDUAL TREES; WESTERN OREGON; DIFFERENT AGES; WASHINGTON AB Forest managers need a comprehensive scientific understanding of natural stand development processes when designing silvicultural systems that integrate ecological and economic objectives, including a better appreciation of the nature of disturbance regimes and the biological legacies, such as live trees, snags, and logs, that they leave behind. Most conceptual forest development models do not incorporate current knowledge of the: (1) complexity of structures (including spatial patterns) and developmental processes; (2) duration of development in long-lived forests; (3) complex spatial patterns of stands that develop in later stages of seres; and particularly (4) the role of disturbances in creating structural legacies that become key elements of the post-disturbance stands, We elaborate on existing models for stand structural development using natural stand development of the Douglas-fir-western hemlock sere in the Pacific Northwest as our primary example; most of the principles are broadly applicable while some processes (e.g. role of epicormic branches) are related to specific species. We discuss the use of principles from disturbance ecology and natural stand development to create silvicultural approaches that are more aligned with natural processes. Such approaches provide for a greater abundance of standing dead and down wood and large old trees, perhaps reducing short-term commercial productivity but ultimately enhancing wildlife habitat, biodiversity, and ecosystem function, including soil protection and nutrient retention. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. Humboldt State Univ, Dept Forestry, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Silvicultural Engn, Edmonds, WA 98026 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Ctr Resource & Environm Studies, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Oregon State Univ, Richardson Chair, Dept Forest Sci, Forestry Sci Lab 020, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Washington, Wind River Canopy Crane Res Facil, Carson, WA 98610 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Franklin, JF (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, POB 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jff@u.washington.edu RI Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 NR 87 TC 710 Z9 765 U1 28 U2 264 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 155 IS 1-3 SI SI BP 399 EP 423 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00575-8 PG 25 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 513NR UT WOS:000173385100033 ER PT J AU Patterson, DW Kluender, RA Granskog, JE AF Patterson, DW Kluender, RA Granskog, JE TI Economic feasibility of producing inside-out beams from small-diameter logs SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Previous work has shown that it is technically feasible to produce inside-out (ISO) beams by taking small-diameter (5 to 7 in.) logs, slabbing four sides, quartering the cant, and turning the quarters inside out and gluing them together. After drying, the beams were found to be straight, with no cracks, and of equal or better mechanical properties than solid sawn beams of the same material. The objectives of this study were to determine if it was economically feasible to produce ISO beams and if interest rate or daily production level influenced economic feasibility. Present net worth (PNW) with a 10-year planning horizon was used in the analysis. The interest rates were 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 percent and the daily production levels were 400,600, and 800 tree-length stems yielding 464, 696, and 928 small-diameter logs, respectively. Results indicated that the constraining variable in determining feasibility was production level, although discount rate was also important in determining PNW. The PNW of a 400-stem production level was always negative, while it was always positive for the 600- and 800-stem production levels. The break-even point was indicated to be approximately 550 stems per day for the equipment and production facility used in this study. C1 Univ Monticello, Arkansas Forest Resources Ctr, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Patterson, DW (reprint author), Univ Monticello, Arkansas Forest Resources Ctr, POB 3468, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 52 IS 1 BP 23 EP 26 PG 4 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 516UH UT WOS:000173574800006 ER PT J AU Green, DW McDonald, KA Hennon, PE Evans, JW Stevens, JH AF Green, DW McDonald, KA Hennon, PE Evans, JW Stevens, JH TI Flexural properties of salvaged dead yellow-cedar from southeast Alaska SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CHAMAECYPARIS-NOOTKATENSIS; DECLINE; MORTALITY; DECAY; TREES AB A decline and mortality problem is affecting yellow-cedar trees on more than a half-million acres in southeast Alaska. Because of the high decay resistance of yellow-cedar, dead snags may remain standing for 100 years or more. Currently, this wood is primarily used for firewood. The results of the study reported here indicate that the flexural properties of wood from dead yellow-cedar snags is little affected by how long the trees have been dead. Living yellow-cedar trees are sometimes infected with "black stain," which remains in the trees after they die. Black stain does not reduce the flexural properties of wood from either live or dead trees. Thus, utilization options for wood from dead cedar snags can be broadened to higher value uses consistent with those for wood from live cedar trees. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. USDA, Forest Serv, State & Private Forestry, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Tongass Natl Forest, Wrangell, AK USA. RP Green, DW (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 52 IS 1 BP 81 EP 88 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 516UH UT WOS:000173574800015 ER PT J AU Cai, ZY Ross, RJ Hunt, MO Soltis, LA AF Cai, ZY Ross, RJ Hunt, MO Soltis, LA TI Pilot study to examine use of transverse vibration nondestructive evaluation for assessing floor systems SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Evaluation of existing timber structures requires procedures to evaluate in situ structural members and components. This report evaluates the transverse vibration response of laboratory-built floor systems with new and salvaged joists. The objectives were to 1) compare floor system response to individual member response; 2) examine response sensitivity to location of the forcing function; and 3) compare the response of a floor constructed with new joists to that of a floor constructed with a combination of new and salvaged joists. Several floor systems were constructed from new and salvaged southern pine joists and tested using transverse vibration nondestructive evaluation techniques. The results indicate that joist response, and therefore joist stiffness, can be determined from a system approach with arbitrary location of the impact forcing function. The joist response is greatly dependent on the magnitude and location of the dead load it supports. The frequency of the floor system was reduced when salvaged joists were included in the system. But, it does not appear that individual degraded joists in the system can be detected from this type of test. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Forens Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Purdue Univ, Wood Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Cai, ZY (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Forens Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 52 IS 1 BP 89 EP 93 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 516UH UT WOS:000173574800016 ER PT J AU Deal, RL Tappeiner, JC Hennon, PE AF Deal, RL Tappeiner, JC Hennon, PE TI Developing silvicultural systems based on partial cutting in western hemlock-Sitka spruce stands of southeast Alaska SO FORESTRY LA English DT Article ID BIODIVERSITY; GROWTH; FOREST; DISTURBANCE AB The effects of partial cutting on species composition, stand structure and growth, tree size distribution, and tree disease and mortality were evaluated on 73 plots in 18 stands that were harvested 12-96 years ago in southeast Alaska. Partially-cut stands had diverse and highly complex stand structures similar to uncut stands. Sitka spruce was maintained in mixed hemlock-spruce stands over a wide range of cutting intensities. Analysis of the data did not detect significant changes in tree species composition, stand growth, hemlock dwarf mistletoe infection and incidence of tree wounding or mortality rates with partial cuts. Silvicultural systems using partial cutting could provide a sustainable timber resource including more valuable spruce trees, while also maintaining stand structural diversity and old-growth characteristics. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, State & Private Forestry & PNW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Deal, RL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St, Portland, OR 97205 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0015-752X J9 FORESTRY JI Forestry PY 2002 VL 75 IS 4 BP 425 EP 431 DI 10.1093/forestry/75.4.425 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 613EN UT WOS:000179119300013 ER PT J AU Baker, CJ Mock, NM Blount, VL Roberts, DP AF Baker, CJ Mock, NM Blount, VL Roberts, DP TI A novel noninvasive technique to monitor changes in metabolic activity during early stages of seed germination SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th Annual Meeting of the Oxygen-Society CY NOV 20-24, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Oxygen Soc C1 USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2002 VL 33 SU 2 MA 429 BP S447 EP S447 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 614PY UT WOS:000179199600448 ER PT J AU Joseph, JA AF Joseph, JA TI Dietary control of behavioral and neuronal signaling declines in aging. SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res, Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2002 VL 33 SU 1 MA 300 BP S116 EP S116 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 578AY UT WOS:000177096300300 ER PT J AU Krinsky, NI Aldini, G Yeum, KJ Russell, RM AF Krinsky, NI Aldini, G Yeum, KJ Russell, RM TI Dietary carotenoids modify human plasma lipid oxidizability SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Milan, Ist Chim Farmaceut Tossicol, Milan, Italy. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2002 VL 33 SU 1 MA 657 BP S248 EP S248 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 578AY UT WOS:000177096300655 ER PT J AU Milbury, P Chen, CY Kwak, HK Blumberg, J AF Milbury, P Chen, CY Kwak, HK Blumberg, J TI Almond skins polyphenolics act synergistically with alpha-tocopherol to increase the resistance of low-density lipoproteins to oxidation. SO FREE RADICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on European Research on Functional Effects of Dietary Antioxidants - Benefits and Risks CY SEP 25-28, 2002 CL CHURCHILL COLL, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND HO CHURCHILL COLL DE almond; polyphenolics; vitamin E; LDL oxidation; synergy; antioxidants ID NUT CONSUMPTION; RISK C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1071-5762 J9 FREE RADICAL RES JI Free Radic. Res. PY 2002 VL 36 SU S BP 78 EP 80 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 611VQ UT WOS:000179038800050 ER PT J AU Spalding, MH Van, K Wang, Y Nakamura, Y AF Spalding, MH Van, K Wang, Y Nakamura, Y TI Acclimation of Chlamydomonas to changing carbon availability SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE-OXYGENASE; CO2 CONCENTRATING MECHANISM; ALGA CHLORELLA-ELLIPSOIDEA; INORGANIC CARBON; CO2-CONCENTRATING MECHANISM; ANHYDRASE EXPRESSION; LIMITING CO2; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; NUCLEAR TRANSFORMATION; CHLOROPLAST ENVELOPE AB Aquatic organisms, including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, are faced with a variable supply of dissolved inorganic carbon (Ci). Accordingly, C. reinhardtii has the ability to acclimate to the changing Ci supply through a variety of responses, including induction of a CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) when Ci is limiting. The CCM uses active Ci uptake to accumulate a high internal concentration of bicarbonate, which is dehydrated by a specific thylakoid carbonic anhydrase to supply CO2, the substrate used in photosynthesis. In addition to the changes demonstrably related to the function of the CCM, C. reinhardtii exhibits several other acclimation responses to limiting Ci, such as changes in cellular organization and induction or upregulation of several genes. A key area currently under investigation is how C. reinhardtii cells recognize the change in Ci or CO2 concentration, and transduce that signal into needed gene expression changes. Mutational analyses are proving very useful for learning more about the CCM and about the acclimation response to changes in Ci availability. Cloning of the gene disrupted in cia5, a mutant apparently unable to acclimate to limiting Ci, has opened opportunities for more rapid progress in understanding the signal transduction pathway. The Cia5 gene appears to encode a transcription factor that may control, either directly or indirectly, much of the gene expression responses to limiting Ci in C. reinhardtii. Several additional new mutants with potential defects in the signal transduction pathway have been isolated, including three new alleles of cia5. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Interdept Plant Physiol Major, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Bot, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean Genom & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20725 USA. RP Spalding, MH (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Interdept Plant Physiol Major, 353 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 74 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 10 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2002 VL 29 IS 2-3 BP 221 EP 230 DI 10.1071/PP01182 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 541MZ UT WOS:000174989500011 ER PT J AU Zhou, R Sicher, RC Quebedeaux, B AF Zhou, R Sicher, RC Quebedeaux, B TI Apple leaf sucrose-phosphate synthase is inhibited by sorbitol-6-phosphate SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apple; carbohydrate metabolism; carbon partitioning; properties of sucrose phosphate synthase; sorbitol; sucrose ID CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; MAIZE LEAF; GENE-EXPRESSION; DIURNAL CHANGES; SPINACH LEAVES; CO2 ENRICHMENT; SORBITOL; PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ACTIVATION AB Sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) from mature apple (Malus domestica Borhk. cv. Gala) leaves was purified 34-fold to a final specific activity of 15.3 mumol mg(-1) protein h(-1). The enzyme showed hyperbolic saturation kinetics for both fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) (K-m = 0.36 mM) and uridine-5'-diphosphoglucose (UDPG) (K-m = 6.49 mM). Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) was found to be an activator of apple SPS, and the activation was dependent upon the F6P concentration. At a concentration of 2 mM, G6P significantly decreased the K-m for F6P and increased SPS activity. However, higher concentrations of G6P did not further stimulate SPS activity. In contrast to SPS from other plant species, inorganic phosphate (Pi) had little or no inhibitory effect on apple SPS. The apple leaf enzyme was inhibited 7-10% by 10 mM Pi when F6P concentrations were in the range of 2-10 mM. We observed that sorbitol-6-phosphate, an intermediate metabolite in sorbitol biosynthesis, was a competitive inhibitor of SPS with a K-i of 1.83 mM. Sorbitol-6-phosphate also inhibited G6P activation of SPS. Our results suggest that sucrose biosynthesis may be altered by the products of sorbitol biosynthesis in apple leaves. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. ARS, USDA, Alternate Crops & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Quebedeaux, B (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2002 VL 29 IS 5 BP 569 EP 574 AR UNSP 1445-4408/02/050569 DI 10.1071/PP01123 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 554UR UT WOS:000175756000004 ER PT J AU Bano, A Harper, JE Auge, RM Neuman, DS AF Bano, A Harper, JE Auge, RM Neuman, DS TI Changes in phytohormone levels following inoculation of two soybean lines differing in nodulation SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autoregulation; Bradyrhizobium japonicum; cytokinins; Glycine max; hormone transport; hypernodulating mutant ID CORTICAL CELL-DIVISION; ABSCISIC-ACID; XYLEM SAP; ROOT-NODULES; WILD-TYPE; INDOLE-3-ACETIC-ACID PRODUCTION; SUNFLOWER PLANTS; PISUM-SATIVUM; DRYING SOIL; GLYCINE-MAX AB Changes in the concentration of free and conjugated ABA, zeatin riboside (ZR), and IAA in response to Bradyrhizobium inoculation and subsequent nodulation were monitored in xylem sap, phloem sap, and leaves of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Williams 82] and its hypernodulating mutant, NOD1-3. In this study, pre-inoculation concentrations of phloem and xylem sap ABA and ZR were lower in NOD1-3 than in Williams 82, a difference that was accentuated in phloem after inoculation. The concentration of xylem ABA increased within 6 h of inoculation, while the concentration of phloem and leaf ABA did not change until 48-96 h after inoculation. Leaf uptake of [ 3 H] ABA and distribution to phloem sap was greater in Williams 82 than in NOD1-3 during 48-72 h after inoculation. Inoculation resulted in similar increases in phloem and leaf IAA concentrations in both cultivars. While inoculation increased xylem sap ZR in both lines, the concentration of ZR increased much earlier in NOD1-3. Of particular interest is that ratios between hormones were altered during nodulation. Leaf and phloem ABA/IAA ratios were higher in Williams 82 than in the hypernod mutant, while the phloem IAA/ZR was greater from inoculation until nodulation in the NOD1-3 hypernod mutant. The xylem ABA/ZR ratio, as well as phloem ABA/ZR ratio, decreased in Williams 82 following inoculation, and leaf ABA concentration was elevated. The most noteworthy results of this study, therefore, came from an examination of the ratios between hormones in xylem and phloem sap, and the demonstration that hormone transport may play an important role in autoregulation of root nodulation. C1 ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Ornamental Hort & Landscape Design, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Biol Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Harper, JE (reprint author), ARS, Soybean Maize Germplasm Pathol & Genet Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM lharper@pdnt.com OI Auge, Robert/0000-0001-6068-9557 NR 64 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2002 VL 29 IS 8 BP 965 EP 974 AR UNSP 1445-4408/02/080965 DI 10.1071/PP01166 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 581GP UT WOS:000177283600007 ER PT J AU McDonald, EP Erickson, JE Kruger, EL AF McDonald, EP Erickson, JE Kruger, EL TI Can decreased transpiration limit plant nitrogen acquisition in elevated CO2? SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISING ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; USE EFFICIENCY; ION-TRANSPORT; WATER-USE; RESPONSES; GROWTH AB N acquisition often lags behind accelerated C gain in plants exposed to CO2-enriched atmospheres. To help resolve the causes of this lag, we considered its possible link with stomatal closure, a common first-order response to elevated CO2 that can decrease transpiration. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that declines in transpiration, and hence mass flow of soil solution, can decrease delivery of mobile N to the root and thereby limit plant N acquisition. We altered transpiration by manipulating relative humidity (RH) and atmospheric [CO2]. During a 7-d period, we grew potted cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) trees in humidified (76% RH) and non-humidified (43% RH) glasshouses ventilated with either CO2-enriched or non-enriched air (similar to1000 vs similar to380 mumol mol(-1)). We monitored effects of elevated humidity and/or CO2 on stomatal conductance, whole-plant transpiration, plant biomass gain, and N accumulation. To facilitate the latter, NO3-enriched in N-15 (5 atom%) was added to all pots at the outset of the experiment. Transpiration and N-15 accumulation decreased when either CO2 or humidity were elevated. The disparity between N accumulation and accelerated C gain in elevated CO2 led to a 19% decrease in shoot N concentration relative to ambient CO2. Across all treatments, N-15 gain was positively correlated with root mass (P<0.0001), and a significant portion of the remaining variation (44%) was positively related to transpiration per unit root mass. At a given humidity, transpiration per unit leaf area was positively related to stomatal conductance. Thus, declines in plant N concentration and/or content under CO2 enrichment may be attributable in part to associated decreases in stomatal conductance and transpiration. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Kruger, EL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 47 TC 76 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 39 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2002 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1115 EP 1120 AR UNSP 1445-4408/02/091115 DI 10.1071/FP02007 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 585LR UT WOS:000177526700012 ER PT J AU Bano, A Harper, JE AF Bano, A Harper, JE TI Plant growth regulators and phloem exudates modulate root nodulation of soybean SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ABA; abscisic acid; autoregulation; Glycine max; hypernodulation; nodulation events ID ABSCISIC-ACID; XYLEM SAP; WILD-TYPE; SHOOT; SUBSTANCES; MUTANTS; WATER; SOIL; ABA AB A time-course study was conducted on the effect of synthetic ABA and phloem exudate on root nodulation, nitrogenase activity, and dry matter content of pouch-grown soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. A hypernodulating mutant (NOD1-3) derived from the cultivar Williams was evaluated. The normally-nodulating cultivar Williams 82 served as the control. All phases of nodulation (nodule initiation, development and function) were inhibited by 1-50 muM synthetic ABA treatment of roots of pouch-grown soybean. The ABA effect was more pronounced for the treatment made 24 h prior to inoculation. The magnitude of inhibition of nodulation by ABA and by phloem exudate from inoculated Williams 82 was decreased when application was delayed to 48 h post-inoculation. Synthetic indoleacetic acid and benzyladenine (1 and 5 muM) also inhibited the number of nodules per plant, and the magnitude of inhibition was greater in the normally-nodulating Williams 82 cultivar than in the NOD1-3 hypernodulating mutant. Changes in endogenous free ABA in cotyledons, leaves, and xylem sap of seedlings were monitored at 24-h intervals after inoculation in both lines, and appeared to respond to inoculation. Addition of crude phloem exudate from Williams 82 or hypernodulating NOD1-3 was inhibitory to root nodulation of NOD1-3 - this effect was concentration dependent. Partially-purified (acidic aqueous fraction) phloem exudate from Williams 82 suppressed nodulation in NOD1-3 by 54% (averaged over a 7-d time-course), while partially-purified phloem exudate (acidic aqueous fraction) from NOD1-3 was much less inhibitory (23%). ABA levels in the phloem fractions applied were nearly identical (15.6 vs 16.0 ng mL(-1)), which indicates that ABA was not directly affecting nodulation control. Partially-purified extract (acidic aqueous fraction) from leaves of nodulated NOD1-3 was much less inhibitory to nodulation of NOD1-3 seedlings than was the comparable fraction from Williams 82. Although free ABA applied exogenously was capable of altering nodulation, it does not appear that endogenous ABA levels directly account for the autoregulatory control of nodulation in soybean. This implies that there may be factor(s) moving in the phloem other than ABA that possibly impact expression of root nodulation. Alternatively, it may be that plant development is responsive to interactions among plant growth regulators mediated by subtle changes in individual hormone concentrations. The possibility remains that normally-nodulating and hypernodulating lines have differential sensitivity to ABA, and that this explains altered nodulation control at similar levels of endogenous ABA. C1 ARS, Soybean Maize Genet Pathol & Germplasm Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Harper, JE (reprint author), ARS, Soybean Maize Genet Pathol & Germplasm Res Unit, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2002 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1299 EP 1307 DI 10.1071/FP02031 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 617ZV UT WOS:000179392100006 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH AF Ziska, LH TI Sensitivity of ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) growth to urban ozone concentrations SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; ground-level ozone; ragweed ID ELEVATED OZONE; YIELD AB Although the sensitivity of growth and yield to ground-level ozone (O-3) has been determined for a variety of agronomic crops and trees, little information is available for weedy species. Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is recognized both as a common agricultural weed and the principle source of pollen for Fall (late August to November) allergies in North America. To quantify the extent to which ambient O-3 limits growth and reproduction, ragweed was grown from germination to floral initiation at control [carbon filtered (CF), 15.8 nL O-3 L-1 air] and treatment levels (63.5 nL O-3 L-1 air) of tropospheric O-3. This 8-h treatment average is similar to the average 1-h O-3 peak values from May through September in urban areas of Washington D. C. and Baltimore, MD. By 48 d after sowing, during floral initiation, no significant differences in total plant or floral biomass were observed as a function of O-3 concentration, relative to the CF control. Analysis of leaf area ratio, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate at approximately 10-d intervals during early vegetative growth also did not demonstrate any significant effect of O-3. Data from this experiment indicate that ragweed is insensitive to O-3 levels up to four times that of the CF control, and suggests that O-3 levels associated with urban environments may not limit the growth or reproductive development of ragweed. C1 ARS, Alternate Crop & Syst Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), ARS, Alternate Crop & Syst Lab, USDA, Bldg 001,Room 343,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 9 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2002 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1365 EP 1369 DI 10.1071/FP02039 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 617ZV UT WOS:000179392100013 ER PT J AU Ziska, LH AF Ziska, LH TI Influence of rising atmospheric CO2 since 1900 on early growth and photosynthetic response of a noxious invasive weed, Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; climate change; growth; morphology; photosynthesis ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; ELEVATED CO2; PLANTS; ACCLIMATION AB Using climate-controlled growth chambers, the growth, morphology and photosynthetic response of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense L. Scop.), a recognized invasive weed, was determined at CO 2 concentrations ([CO2]) of 285, 382 and 721 mumol mol(-1) during the vegetative state. These concentrations correspond roughly to ambient [CO2] from 1900, 2001 and those projected for 2100, respectively. At the end of the vegetative stage, leaves grown at 721 mumol mol(-1) still had significantly higher photosynthetic rates under the growth conditions, relative to the 285 or 382 mumol mol(-1) CO2 treatment. Significant differences in leaf morphology, particularly the number and length of leaf spines, were also observed, with spine number and length increasing as a function of [CO2]. At the end of the vegetative stage, at 54 d after sowing (DAS), whole plant biomass had increased by 69% for the elevated (720 mumol mol(-1)) CO2 treatment relative to current ambient CO2. However, biomass had increased by 126% for current ambient (380 mumol mol(-1)) relative to the concentration that existed in 1900 (285 mumol mol(-1)). Data from this study indicate that rising [CO2] may have already had a substantial influence on the vegetative development of Canada thistle, by significantly stimulating growth and photosynthesis, as well as altering leaf defenses to potential herbivory. Overall, these changes could have important implications for growth and control of this noxious weed as atmospheric CO2 continues to increase. C1 USDA ARS, Alternate Crop & Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ziska, LH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Alternate Crop & Syst Lab, Bldg 1,Room 344,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 14 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2002 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1387 EP 1392 DI 10.1071/FP02052 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 626EB UT WOS:000179858400002 ER PT J AU Lopez, CG Banowetz, GM Peterson, CJ Kronstad, WE AF Lopez, CG Banowetz, GM Peterson, CJ Kronstad, WE TI Wheat dehydrin accumulation in response to drought stress during anthesis SO FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abiotic stress; dehydrins; drought; Triticum aestivum ID FREEZING-TOLERANCE; PROTEINS; EXPRESSION; DEHYDRATION; SUNFLOWER; EMERGENCE; CULTIVARS; EMBRYO; TRAITS; FAMILY AB The winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) producing region of the US Pacific Northwest (PNW) is often subject to water deficits at sowing and during grain filling. Improved genetic adaptation of wheat cultivars to drought stress is one objective of breeding efforts in the region. Consequently, there is interest in identifying molecular markers associated with drought tolerance. Dehydrins, a family of proteins that accumulate in response to dehydrative stress, may provide a suitable marker for use in breeding programs. Seven cultivars (Connie, Gene, TAM105, Rod, Hiller, Rhode and Stephens) were evaluated in two experiments in which dehydrin accumulation and their association to stress tolerance during grain filling were characterized during progressive drought stress. A 24-kDa dehydrin was present in leaves at each sampling date in all seven cultivars. Quantitative differences in accumulation of this protein were observed between cultivars on the third sampling date (4 d of stress). This differential accumulation was associated with stress tolerance characterized by a lower yield reduction and a lowered rate of decrease in leaf water potential in Connie, TAM105 and Gene. In contrast to leaves, an increased number of dehydrins were observed in grains under stress and non-stress treatments. Despite the number of dehydrins detected, there was no apparent association between drought stress and dehydrin expression in grains. Although the specific role of these proteins remains unknown, their association with stress tolerance suggests that dehydrins have utility in improving adaptation to drought and as markers for drought tolerance. C1 USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Banowetz, GM (reprint author), USDA ARS, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 29 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1445-4408 J9 FUNCT PLANT BIOL JI Funct. Plant Biol. PY 2002 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1417 EP 1425 DI 10.1071/FP02098 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 626EB UT WOS:000179858400005 ER PT J AU Bhatnagar, D Yu, JJ Ehrlich, KC AF Bhatnagar, D Yu, JJ Ehrlich, KC TI Toxins of filamentous fungi SO FUNGAL ALLERGY AND PATHOGENICITY SE CHEMICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SODIUM-CALCIUM ALUMINOSILICATE; FUJIKUROI MATING POPULATION; AFLATOXIN B-1 BIOTRANSFORMATION; PATHWAY GENE CLUSTERS; HEPATITIS-B VIRUS; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; OCHRATOXIN-A; ASPERGILLUS-PARASITICUS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; ALTERNARIA-ALTERNATA C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Bhatnagar, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 222 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 4 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-0145 J9 CHEM IMMUNOL JI Chem.Immunol. PY 2002 VL 81 BP 167 EP 206 PG 40 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA BU77M UT WOS:000176962600010 PM 12102001 ER PT J AU Lorenzen, MD Brown, SJ Denell, RE Beeman, RW AF Lorenzen, MD Brown, SJ Denell, RE Beeman, RW TI Cloning and characterization of the Tribolium castaneum eye-color genes encoding tryptophan oxygenase and kynurenine 3-monooxygenase SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MELANOGASTER VERMILION GENE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; AEDES-AEGYPTI; TRANSFORMATION; TRANSCRIPTION; INSECTS; ELEMENT; MARKER AB The use of eye-color mutants and their corresponding genes as scorable marker systems has facilitated the development of transformation technology in Drosophila and other insects. In the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, the only currently available system for germline transformation employs the exogenous marker gene, EGFP, driven by an eye-specific promoter. To exploit the advantages offered by eye-pigmentation markers, we decided to develop a transformant selection system for Tribolium on the basis of mutant rescue. The Tribolium orthologs of the Drosophila eye-color genes vermilion (tryptophan oxygenase) and cinnabar (kynurenine 3-monooxygenase) were cloned and characterized. Conceptual translations of Tc vermilion (Tcv) and Tc cinnabar (Tccn) are 71 and 51% identical to their respective Drosophila orthologs. We used RNA interference (RNAi) to show that T. castaneum larvae lacking functional Tcv or Tccn gene products also lack the pigmented eyespots observed in wild-type larvae. Five available eye-color mutations were tested for linkage to Tcv or Tccn via recombinational mapping. No linkage was found between candidate mutations and Tccn. However, tight linkage was found between Tcv and the white-eye mutation white, here renamed vermilion(white) (v(w)). Molecular analysis indicates that 80% of the Tcv coding region is deleted in e beetles. These observations suggest that the Tribolium eye is pigmented only by ommochromes, not pteridines, and indicate that Tcv is potentially useful as a germline transformation marker. C1 Kansas State Univ, Div Biol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. GMPRC, ARS, US Dept Agr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Beeman, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD029594, R01 HD029594-11, R01-HD29594] NR 36 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 5 U2 15 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JAN PY 2002 VL 160 IS 1 BP 225 EP 234 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 516TY UT WOS:000173573900020 PM 11805058 ER PT J AU Peacock, E Fant, DW AF Peacock, E Fant, DW TI Biomantle formation and artifact translocation in upland sandy soils: An example from the Holly Springs National Forest, North-Central Mississippi, USA SO GEOARCHAEOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 63rd Meeting of the Society-for-American-Archaeology CY MAR 25-29, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Soc Amer Archaeol ID ARCHAEOLOGICAL SEDIMENTS; STONE-LINES; BIOTURBATION; DISTURBANCE; EVOLUTION AB Test excavations at prehistoric site 22MR539 in the North Central Hills uplands of Mississippi have provided evidence of the effects of bioturbation on artifacts within the soil. Artifact distribution and size data are compared to soil particle size and organic content to determine the soil developmental pathway, Progressive soil formation factors have formed a biomantle over a currently forming artifact stone line, while regressive factors have moved artifacts to a depth of more than 50 cm below surface over approximately 2000 years. The single-component, short-term nature of 22MR539 and many similar sites recorded in the area provide an ideal situation to further explore biological and mechanical factors in site formation in an upland setting. (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Inc. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Sociol Anthropol & Social Work, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Cobb Inst Archaeol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Holly Springs Natl Forest, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Peacock, E (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Sociol Anthropol & Social Work, POB AR, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 71 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0883-6353 J9 GEOARCHAEOLOGY JI Geoarchaeology PD JAN PY 2002 VL 17 IS 1 BP 91 EP 114 DI 10.1002/gea.10004 PG 24 WC Archaeology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Archaeology; Geology GA 532BB UT WOS:000174450800005 ER PT J AU Gill, RA Kelly, RH Parton, WJ Day, KA Jackson, RB Morgan, JA Scurlock, JMO Tieszen, LL Castle, JV Ojima, DS Zhang, XS AF Gill, RA Kelly, RH Parton, WJ Day, KA Jackson, RB Morgan, JA Scurlock, JMO Tieszen, LL Castle, JV Ojima, DS Zhang, XS TI Using simple environmental variables to estimate below-ground productivity in grasslands SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE below-ground biomass; biomass to NPP conversion; functional equilibrium; grassland NPP; net primary production; NPP estimation; root turnover ID ROOT TURNOVER; TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-PLAINS; LONG-TERM; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS; DYNAMICS; BIOMASS; NDVI AB In many temperate and annual grasslands, above-ground net primary productivity (NPP) can be estimated by measuring peak above-ground biomass. Estimates of below-ground net primary productivity and, consequently, total net primary productivity, are more difficult. We addressed one of the three main objectives of the Global Primary Productivity Data Initiative for grassland systems to develop simple models or algorithms to estimate missing components of total system NPP. Any estimate of below-ground NPP (BNPP) requires an accounting of total root biomass, the percentage of living biomass and annual turnover of live roots. We derived a relationship using above-ground peak biomass and mean annual temperature as predictors of below-ground biomass (r(2) = 0.54; P = 0.01). The percentage of live material was 0.6, based on published values. We used three different functions to describe root turnover: constant, a direct function of above-ground biomass, or as a positive exponential relationship with mean annual temperature. We tested the various models against a large database of global grassland NPP and the constant turnover and direct function models were approximately equally descriptive (r(2) = 0.31 and 0.37), while the exponential function had a stronger correlation with the measured values (r(2) = 0.40) and had a better fit than the other two models at the productive end of the BNPP gradient. When applied to extensive data we assembled from two grassland sites with reliable estimates of total NPP, the direct function was most effective, especially at lower productivity sites. We provide some caveats for its use in systems that lie at the extremes of the grassland gradient and stress that there are large uncertainties associated with measured and modelled estimates of BNPP. C1 Washington State Univ, Program Environm Sci & Reg Planning, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Dept Nat Resources, Climate Impacts & Grazing Syst, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. ARS Rangeland Resources, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US Geol Survey, EROS Data Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Long Term Ecol Res Network Off, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. RP Gill, RA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Program Environm Sci & Reg Planning, POB 644430, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016 NR 50 TC 63 Z9 83 U1 8 U2 63 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7447 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 1 BP 79 EP 86 DI 10.1046/j.1466-822X.2001.00267.x PG 8 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 523UC UT WOS:000173973400009 ER PT B AU Schuman, GE Redente, EF AF Schuman, GE Redente, EF BE Grice, AC Hodgkinson, KC TI Rehabilitation of mined surfaces SO GLOBAL RANGELANDS: PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Range Land Congress CY JUL 17, 1999 CL TOWNSVILLE, AUSTRALIA C1 USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Schuman, GE (reprint author), USDA ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth R, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RI Grice, Anthony/D-7449-2011 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 0-85199-523-3 PY 2002 BP 147 EP 156 DI 10.1079/9780851995236.0147 PG 10 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Anthropology; Ecology SC Agriculture; Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX51T UT WOS:000185577900011 ER PT B AU Christiansen, S AF Christiansen, S BE Grice, AC Hodgkinson, KC TI Land and water management: Lessons from a project on desertification in the Middle East SO GLOBAL RANGELANDS: PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Range Land Congress CY JUL 17, 1999 CL TOWNSVILLE, AUSTRALIA C1 USDA ARS, Off Int Res Programmes, Beltsville, MD 20706 USA. RP Christiansen, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Off Int Res Programmes, Beltsville, MD 20706 USA. RI Grice, Anthony/D-7449-2011 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 0-85199-523-3 PY 2002 BP 197 EP 209 DI 10.1079/9780851995236.0197 PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Anthropology; Ecology SC Agriculture; Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX51T UT WOS:000185577900015 ER PT S AU Doolittle, JA Minzenmayer, FE Waltman, SW Benham, EC AF Doolittle, JA Minzenmayer, FE Waltman, SW Benham, EC BE Koppenjan, SK Lee, H TI Ground-penetrating radar soil suitability map of the conterminous united states SO GPR 2002: NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2002) CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2002 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Univ Calif, Santa Barbara, Bechtel Nevada, Special Technol Lab, GroundProbe, Sensors & Software Inc, Mala Geosci, Geophys Survey Syst DE STATSGO; soil database; soil maps; ground-penetrating radar; electrical conductivity AB The performance of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is dependent upon the electrical conductivity of soils. Soils having high electrical conductivity rapidly attenuate radar energy, restrict penetration depths, and severely limit the effectiveness of GPR. Factors influencing the electrical conductivity of soils include the amount and type of salts in solution and the clay content. A thematic map of the conterminous United States showing the relative suitability of soils for GPR applications has been developed. This map is based on field experience and soil attribute data contained in the State Soil Geographic (STATSGO) database developed by the Natural Resources Conservation Service. Attribute data used to determine the suitability of soils include clay content, electrical conductivity, sodium absorption ratio, and calcium carbonate content. Attribute data were generalized from soil surveys. Each soil attribute was rated and assigned a value ranging from 1 to 10. The most limiting (maximum) indices within depths of 1.0 or 1.25 m. were selected for electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, calcium carbonate content, and total clay for each soil component. Indices were summed for each soil component and for each map unit. The dominant value was selected as the GPR suitability index for each map unit. The GPR indices are displayed in a graduated color map. This map can be used to assess the relative appropriateness of GPR for soil investigations within comparatively large areas of the conterminous United States. C1 USDA, NRCS, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Doolittle, JA (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, 11 Campus Blvd,Suite 200, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4522-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4758 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1117/12.462243 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU70E UT WOS:000176734400002 ER PT J AU King, JW AF King, JW TI Supercritical fluid extraction: Present status and prospects SO GRASAS Y ACEITES LA English DT Article DE analysis; fats; lipids; oils; preparation; supercritical fluid ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; VITAMIN-A; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; CO2 EXTRACTION; GROUND-BEEF; OIL CONTENT; FAT-CONTENT; OILSEEDS; FOOD AB Supercritical extraction (SFE), using primarily environmentally-benign carbon dioxide (CO2) as the extracting agent, is reviewed with respect to its present status and future use. SFE was developed for analytical application in the mid 1980's in response to the desire to reduce the use of organic solvents in the laboratory environment and is becoming a standard method for the preparation and analysis of lipid-containing sample matrices. Currently, analytical SFE is predominately practiced in the off-line mode, using both sequential and parallel extraction modes. Depending on the instrumental configuration, the preparation of up to 24 samples can be accomplished on one instrument on a daily basis. Several other benefits can be achieved using SFE, such as the processing of thermally-sensitive analytes and rapid analyte extraction kinetics relative to extraction with liquid solvents. Examples are provided not only of the analytical SFE of oils and fats, but of volatile solutes from an array of sample types. Finally, the relevance of analytical SFE to processing with supercritical fluids (SFs) is documented using examples from our own research involving a combinatorial approach to optimising processing conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP King, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, New Crops & Proc Technol Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 70 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 13 PU INST GRASA SUS DERIVADOS PI SEVILLE PA AVDA-PADRE GARCIA TEJERO 4, 41012 SEVILLE, SPAIN SN 0017-3495 J9 GRASAS ACEITES JI Grasas Aceites PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 53 IS 1 SI SI BP 8 EP 21 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 583JT UT WOS:000177405300003 ER PT B AU Harper, LA Byers, FM Sharpe, RR AF Harper, LA Byers, FM Sharpe, RR BE Takahashi, J Young, BA TI Treatment effects on methane emissions from grazing cattle SO GREENHOUSE GASES AND ANIMAL AGRICULTURE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Greenhouse Gases and Animal Agriculture CY NOV 07-11, 2001 CL OBIHIRO, JAPAN DE enteric; micrometeorological; mass-difference; ionophores; grass quality AB Methane is believed to contribute about 18% of the global integrated radiative force with emissions from enteric fermentation representing about 16% of anthropogenic emissions. A micrometeorological technique was developed to measure methane production by cattle in pasture and feedlot conditions. The technique can be used continuously for extended periods, allows for short-term observations (eight-minute samples) to assess activity and diurnal effects, permits a relatively large number of animals to be sampled, and is virtually non-intrusive to the animals being evaluated. Thirty-six animals receiving one of three supplement strategies and grazing sorghum haygrazer were used in this research. Three strategic grazing nutritional treatments were examined: 1. Control (with a mineral supplement only); 2. A specifically blended-variable escape protein plus mineral supplement; and 3. An ionophore in the specifically blended-variable escape protein plus mineral supplement. The protein-mineral supplement somewhat increased growth rate (P<.10), which also trended to increase methane emissions. The strategic ionophore protein-mineral supplement decreased methane emissions by over 50% from those of the control cattle, while maintaining growth rate similar to controls. Use of the micrometerological technique provided a non-interference means of testing methane emissions from animals under natural conditions and verified that management options can have a significant effect on methane emissions from animal production systems. C1 USDA ARS, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Harper, LA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-51012-5 PY 2002 BP 167 EP 170 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Soil Science SC Agriculture GA BW86T UT WOS:000183432100024 ER PT J AU Silliman, SE Berkowitz, B Simunek, J van Genuchten, MT AF Silliman, SE Berkowitz, B Simunek, J van Genuchten, MT TI Fluid flow and solute migration within the capillary fringe SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID DETERMINISTIC-EMPIRICAL MODEL; STREAM AREA RUNOFF; POROUS-MEDIA; WATER-TABLE; UNCONFINED AQUIFER; PHREATIC AQUIFERS; DELAYED DRAINAGE; SATURATED FLOW; TRANSPORT; SEEPAGE AB Laboratory experiments involving both homogeneous and heterogeneous porous media are used to demonstrate that fluid flow and solute transport will occur regularly in the capillary fringe (CF), including both vertical (upward as well as downward) and horizontal flow velocities. Horizontal flow above the water table appears to be limited primarily to the region of high water saturation (i.e., the CF), an observation supported by numerical modeling and consistent with the literature. Beyond observations presented in prior literature, it was observed that exchange of water within the CF with water below the water table is active, with flux both from the CF downward across the water table and from the region below the water table, upward into the CF. This flux is enhanced by the presence of physical heterogeneity. These findings strongly contrast the common conceptualization of predominantly downward vertical fluid flow through the unsaturated zone, with transition to fully three-dimensional flow only below the water table. Based on these observations, it is suggested that the CF may affect, far more significantly than is usually assumed, the natural geochemical and microbial conditions present in the region of transition from unsaturated to saturated ground water flow. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci & Energy Res, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Berkowitz, B (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Civil Engn & Geol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013; BERKOWITZ, BRIAN/K-1497-2012 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858; BERKOWITZ, BRIAN/0000-0003-3078-1859 NR 43 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 25 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1 BP 76 EP 84 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02493.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 511LU UT WOS:000173266000010 PM 11803946 ER PT J AU Zhou, WC Kolb, FL Bai, GH Domier, LL Yao, JB AF Zhou, WC Kolb, FL Bai, GH Domier, LL Yao, JB TI Effect of individual Sumai 3 chromosomes on resistance to scab spread within spikes and deoxynivalenol accumulation within kernels in wheat SO HEREDITAS LA English DT Article ID FUSARIUM HEAD BLIGHT; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; SUBSTITUTION LINES; MOLECULAR MARKERS; GENE LOCATIONS; WINTER-WHEAT; MICROSATELLITE; INHERITANCE; GRAMINEARUM; BARLEY AB Two sets of substitution lines were developed by crossing individual monosomic lines of Chinese Spring (recipient) with scab (Fusarium graminearum) resistant cultivar Sumai 3 (donor) and then using the monosomics as the recurrent male parent for four backcrosses (without selling after each backcross). The disomic substitution lines were separated from selfed BC4F2 plants. Chromosome specific SSR markers were analyzed for polymorphism between Sumai 3 and Chinese Spring. Polymorphic markers were used to identify substitution lines for specific chromosomes. Based on the specific SSR markers, chromosome substitutions occurred in thirty-six lines, and six lines segregated alleles from the two parents or were homozygous for the allele from Chinese Spring. These substitution lines were used to evaluate Type II (spread within the head) and Type V (deoxynivalenol accumulation within kernels) scab resistance. The objective was to use the substitution lines to evaluate the effect of individual chromosomes of Sumai 3 on Type II and Type V scab resistance in the greenhouse. Significant differences in Type II scab resistance and deoxynivalenol (DON) levels among different Chinese Spring (Sumai 3) substitution lines were detected. Positive chromosome substitution effects on Type II scab resistance were found on chromosomes 2B, 3B, 6B, and 7A from Sumai 3. Chromosomes 3B and 7A also reduced DON accumulation within the kernels, while chromosomes 1B, 2D, and 4D from Sumai 3 increased DON concentration. Chromosome 7A from Sumai 3 had the largest effect on resistance to scab spread and DON accumulation. Additional research is in progress on the scab resistance conferred by chromosome 7A. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. ARS, Dept Crop Sci, USDA, MWA, Urbana, IL USA. Jiangsu Acad Agr Sci, Inst Food Crops, Nanjing, Peoples R China. RP Kolb, FL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 58 TC 33 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0018-0661 J9 HEREDITAS JI Hereditas PY 2002 VL 137 IS 2 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1034/j.1601-5223.2002.01674.x PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 653CD UT WOS:000181416900001 PM 12627831 ER PT S AU Rowell, RM AF Rowell, RM BE Brebbia, CA DeWilde, WP TI Sustainable composites from natural resources SO HIGH PERFORMANCE STRUCTURES AND COMPOSITES SE HIGH PERFORMANCE STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Structures and Composite Materials CY MAR 11-13, 2002 CL SEVILLE, SPAIN SP Wessex Inst Technol AB In order to insure a continuous supply of natural agricultural resources, management of the agricultural producing land should be under a proactive system of land management whose goal is both sustainable agriculture and the promotion of healthy ecosystems. Ecosystem management is not a euphemism for preservation, which might imply benign neglect. Sustainable agriculture denotes a balance between conservation and utilization of agricultural lands to serve both social and economic needs, from local, national and global vantage points. Sustainable agriculture does not represent exploitation but rather is aimed toward meeting all the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. It encompasses, in the present case, a continuous production of agricultural-based composites utilizing the natural resources, considerations of multi-land use, and the protection, restoration, and conservation of the total ecosystem. Agricultural resources are renewable, widely distributed, available locally, moldable, anisotropic, hydroscopic, recyclable, versatile, non-abrasive, porous, viscoelastic, easily available in many forms, biodegradable, combustible, compostible, and reactive. Plant fibers have a high aspect ratio, high strength to weight ratio, and have good insulation properties (sound, electrical, and thermal). The fiber structure is hollow, laminated, with molecular layers and an integrated matrix. It is possible to make complex shaped composites directly using fiber mat technologies. Successful application of this technology depends on the development of a fiber mat which will maintain its physical integrity until it is used to form a final product. Fiber mats can be made by physical entanglement (carding), nonwoven needling, or thermoplastic fiber melt matrix technologies. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Rowell, RM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WIT PRESS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ASHURST, ENGLAND SN 1469-0071 BN 1-85312-904-6 J9 HI PER STRUCT MAT PY 2002 VL 4 BP 183 EP 192 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BU36P UT WOS:000175780100019 ER PT J AU Heyerdahl, EK Brubaker, LB Agee, JK AF Heyerdahl, EK Brubaker, LB Agee, JK TI Annual and decadal climate forcing of historical fire regimes in the interior Pacific Northwest, USA SO HOLOCENE LA English DT Article DE fire history; dendrochronology; climate; fire scars; El Nino-Southern Oscillation; Pacific Northwest USA ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SUPERPOSED EPOCH ANALYSIS; PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; AMERICAN SOUTHWEST; TREE RINGS; LA-NINA; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION AB Anticipating the consequences of climatic change for fire requires understanding of the causes of variation in historical fire regimes. We assessed the influence of annual and decadal variation in climate on fire regimes of ponderosa pine-dominated forests in eastern Oregon and Washington using existing, annually dated tree-ring reconstructions (1687-1994). In four watersheds, we compared the extent of low-severity fires (total area burned each year) to precipitation and the Southern Oscillation Index, a measure of variation in El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which affects weather in this region. At the annual scale, large fires burned during dry years and El Nino years (low SOI) in all watersheds while small fires burned regardless of variation in these climate parameters. Large fires also burned during relatively wet years and La Nina years (high SOI) in one watershed, indicating that local factors can override regional climate controls in some locations. Climate from previous years did not influence current year's fire extent. The influence of ENSO on fire regimes in this region has not previously been demonstrated at these multicentury, regional scales. At the decadal scale, fire extent varied with precipitation, perhaps in response to variation in such climate features as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Several decades of low fire extent in the watersheds during the early 1800s was synchronous with a lack of fire at other sites in North and South America, probably in response to a change in the global climate that included a lessening in the frequency and/or intensity of ENSO events. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Heyerdahl, EK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 66 TC 99 Z9 103 U1 8 U2 31 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0959-6836 J9 HOLOCENE JI Holocene PY 2002 VL 12 IS 5 BP 597 EP 604 DI 10.1191/0959683602hl570rp PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 592QV UT WOS:000177949100008 ER PT S AU Hoover, AP Langner, LL AF Hoover, AP Langner, LL BE Jakes, PJ TI People and wildfire: An overview SO HOMEOWNERS, COMMUNITIES, AND WILDFIRE: SCIENCE FINDINGS FROM THE NATIONAL FIRE PLAN SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management CY JUN 02-05, 2002 CL INDIANA UNIV, BLOOMINGTON, IN HO INDIANA UNIV C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. RP Hoover, AP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 1601 N Kent St, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2002 VL 231 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX88C UT WOS:000186711600001 ER PT S AU Jakes, PJ Nelson, K Lang, E Monroe, M Agrawal, S Kruger, L Sturtevant, V AF Jakes, PJ Nelson, K Lang, E Monroe, M Agrawal, S Kruger, L Sturtevant, V BE Jakes, PJ TI A model for improving community preparedness for wildfire SO HOMEOWNERS, COMMUNITIES, AND WILDFIRE: SCIENCE FINDINGS FROM THE NATIONAL FIRE PLAN SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management CY JUN 02-05, 2002 CL INDIANA UNIV, BLOOMINGTON, IN HO INDIANA UNIV AB Communities across the country are being told that they can take steps to improve their preparedness for wildfire. However, for these steps to have long-term impacts, the community must have the foundation necessary to continue these efforts after special programs have moved on or outside funding has been exhausted. Research is showing that sufficient levels of social capital, human capital, and cultural capital are important to wildfire preparedness. In addition, agency involvement and landscape can affect the success of wildfire preparedness efforts. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jakes, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2002 VL 231 BP 4 EP 9 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX88C UT WOS:000186711600002 ER PT S AU Kruger, LE Agrawal, S Monroe, M Lang, E Nelson, K Jakes, P Sturtevant, V McCaffrey, S Everett, Y AF Kruger, LE Agrawal, S Monroe, M Lang, E Nelson, K Jakes, P Sturtevant, V McCaffrey, S Everett, Y BE Jakes, PJ TI Keys to community preparedness for wildfire SO HOMEOWNERS, COMMUNITIES, AND WILDFIRE: SCIENCE FINDINGS FROM THE NATIONAL FIRE PLAN SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management CY JUN 02-05, 2002 CL INDIANA UNIV, BLOOMINGTON, IN HO INDIANA UNIV AB Assessments of a community's vulnerability to wildfires often focus on landscape conditions or ecological factors such as forest type, age distribution, forest health, topography or hydrology However, vulnerability is also a function of a variety of social factors. We need to understand both the social and ecological factors that influence community vulnerability to wildfire so that we can recommend strategies to decrease a community's risk within a given landscape. By learning how communities are preparing for wildfire and taking action to reduce risk, we can share examples of community preparedness activities with other communities and better understand how to support communities in taking action. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Kruger, LE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2002 VL 231 BP 10 EP 17 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX88C UT WOS:000186711600003 ER PT S AU Winter, PL AF Winter, PL BE Jakes, PJ TI Californians' opinions on wildland and wilderness fire management SO HOMEOWNERS, COMMUNITIES, AND WILDFIRE: SCIENCE FINDINGS FROM THE NATIONAL FIRE PLAN SE USDA FOREST SERVICE GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT NORTH CENTRAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Society and Resource Management CY JUN 02-05, 2002 CL INDIANA UNIV, BLOOMINGTON, IN HO INDIANA UNIV ID TRUST AB To assess public attitudes and values regarding fires and fire management, a telephone survey was conducted of California residents. Most respondents were concerned about wildland and wilderness fires. The greatest percentage agreed that "we probably have to let some fires burn, but must protect residences." Fire management techniques were rated for expected effectiveness and approval. The trust measure, based on the shared values similarity model, was the most significant predictor in these ratings. Knowledge about fires, concern, and gender were also helpful predictors. The results are useful in understanding public perceptions of and reactions to fire management. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Winter, PL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV, N CENT RES STN PI ST PAUL PA 1992 FOLWELL AVENUE, ST PAUL, MN 55108 USA SN 0363-616X J9 US FOR SERV T R NC PY 2002 VL 231 BP 84 EP 92 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX88C UT WOS:000186711600011 ER PT J AU Swietlik, D AF Swietlik, D TI Zinc nutrition of fruit crops SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on World Overview of Important Nutrition Problems and How They are Being Addressed CY AUG 18, 2000 CL PENTICTON, CANADA DE apple; deficiency; foliar nutrition; fruit quality; grapefruit; growth; orange; peach; pecan; soil Zn; yield ID BUFFERED NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS; MINERAL-COMPOSITION; CALCAREOUS SOILS; PECAN LEAFLETS; ORCHARD SOILS; FOLIAR SPRAYS; STUART PECAN; APPLE-TREES; GROWTH; YIELD AB Zinc (Zn) deficiency is widespread throughout the world causing economic losses on a number of crops. Despite the fact that much information was generated during the last 20 years on Zn soil chemistry and its inorganic phase equilibrium, the mechanism controlling the a-mount of free Zn+2 present in the soil solution is not yet completely understood. This information is critical for the development of effective techniques of supplying Zn through the soil. As Zn moves very slowly through the soil, however, and a large portion of fruit tree root system occupies deep soil layers, foliar sprays with Zn are generally more effective than soil treatments in alleviating Zn deficiency symptoms. That is why many extension specialists recommend this approach. In view of the poor mobility of foliar-absorbed Zn in plants, however, we may need to reexamine this approach. Zinc foliar sprays may be effective in controlling Zn deficiency in leaves, but not in alleviating Zn deficiency in roots or subsequent flushes of growth. Also, the conditions under which fruit trees are most likely to respond to corrective Zn treatments are not well understood and the critical periods for Zn supply to assure optimal fruit set, fruit growth, and high fruit external and internal quality are not well defined. Field studies on fruit trees suggest that Zn deficiency must be quite severe to make the application of this element economically justifiable. In well-controlled greenhouse studies, however, growth responses were realized on plants only mildly affected by Zn deficiency. If considerable field variability may explain this discrepancy in the data, then future field research must use improved methodologies to properly quantify the impact of various levels of Zn deficiency on tree growth, fruit yield, and fruit quality. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Swietlik, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 68 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 519CC UT WOS:000173706500007 ER PT J AU Haar, MJ Fennimore, SA McGiffen, ME Lanini, WT Bell, CE AF Haar, MJ Fennimore, SA McGiffen, ME Lanini, WT Bell, CE TI Evaluation of preemergence herbicides in vegetable crops SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE herbicide tolerance; carfentrazone; flufenacet; flumioxazin; halosulfuron; isoxaben; rimsulfuron; SAN 582; sulfentrazone; broccoli; cantaloupe; carrot; lettuce; onion; spinach and tomato ID WEED-CONTROL; INTERFERENCE AB In an effort to identify new herbicides for vegetables crops, broccoli (Brassica oleracea) cantaloupe (Cucumis melo), carrot (Daucus carota), head lettuce (Lactuca sativa), bulb onion (Allium cepa), spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) were evaluated in the field for tolerance to eight herbicides. The following herbicides and rates, expressed in a.i. lb/acre, were applied preemergence: carfentrazone, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2; flufenacet, 0.525; flumioxazin, 0.063, 0.125 and 0.25; halosulfuron, 0.032 and 0.047; isoxaben, 0.25 and 0.50; rimsulfuron, 0.016 and 0.031; SAN 582, 0.94 and 1.20 and sulfentrazone, 0.15 and 0.25 (1.000 lb/acre = 1.1208 kg(.)ha(-1)). Tolerance was evaluated by measuring crop stand, injury and biomass. Several leads for new vegetable herbicides were identified. Lettuce demonstrated tolerance to carfentrazone at 0.05 and 0.10 lb/acre. Cantaloupe and processing tomato were tolerant of halosulfuron at 0.032 and 0.047 lb/ acre. Broccoli, cantaloupe and processing tomato were tolerant of SAN 582 at 0.94 lb/acre. Broccoli and carrot were tolerant of sulfentrazone at 0.15 lb/acre. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Vegetable Crops & Weed Sci, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vegetable Crops & Weed Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Haar, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Vegetable Crops & Weed Sci, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD JAN-MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 95 EP 99 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 519CC UT WOS:000173706500019 ER PT J AU Olioso, A Jacob, F AF Olioso, A Jacob, F TI Evapotranspiration estimation using remote sensing data SO HOUILLE BLANCHE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DE L EAU LA French DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Hydrology and Remote Sensing Information CY JUN 20-21, 2001 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE ID DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; NOAA-AVHRR DATA; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; ENERGY FLUXES; AGROMETEOROLOGICAL MODEL; SOIL; EVAPORATION; ASSIMILATION AB The estimation of evapotranspiration from remote sensing data may use different types of models. Direct estimates from thermal infrared data or indirect estimates using assimilation procedure and Soil - Vegetation - Atmosphere Transfer models have been proposed. In both cases, the combined use of remote sensing data is different wavelength domains is required in order to estimate parameters such as LAI, roughness, albedo and parameters related to soil and vegetation water status. In this paper, the main aspects of evapotranspiration estimation from remote sensing data are outlined (an application on the Alpilles site is also presented). C1 INRA, Unite Climat Sol & Environm, Avignon, France. ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Olioso, A (reprint author), INRA, Unite Climat Sol & Environm, Avignon, France. RI Jacob, Frederic/A-5946-2011; OI Jacob, Frederic/0000-0002-2491-3096; Olioso, Albert/0000-0001-8342-9272 NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SOCIETE HYDROTECHNIQUE FRANCE PI PARIS PA 25, RUE DES FAVORITES, F 75015 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0018-6368 J9 HOUILLE BLANCHE JI Houille Blanche-Rev. Int. PY 2002 IS 1 BP 62 EP 67 PG 6 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 563XA UT WOS:000176281600009 ER PT J AU Wiedenhoeft, AC Miller, RB AF Wiedenhoeft, AC Miller, RB TI Brief comments on the nomenclature of softwood axial resin canals and their associated cells SO IAWA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE wood anatomy; resin canal; epithelium; subsidiary cells AB The terminology related to axial resin canals in conifers is briefly reviewed, standard terms are clarified and a new term is proposed. The definitions proposed are intended primarily for light microscopic observations. All the cells and spaces of an axial resin canal as differentiated from the axial tracheids are collectively referred to as the resin canal complex. The resin canal is the intercellular space itself, and the epithelium is the uniseriate layer of cells lining the canal. We propose the term subsidiary cells to include all cells exterior to the epithelium, which may be subsidiary parenchyma and/or strand tracheids. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Wiedenhoeft, AC (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, 1 Gifford Pinchot DR, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC WOOD ANATOMISTS PI LEIDEN PA RIJKSHERBARIUM, PO BOX 9514, 2300 LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1541 J9 IAWA J JI IAWA J. PY 2002 VL 23 IS 3 BP 299 EP 303 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 591RQ UT WOS:000177894400007 ER PT B AU Schmugge, T Jacob, F French, A Ritchie, J Chopping, M Rango, A AF Schmugge, T Jacob, F French, A Ritchie, J Chopping, M Rango, A GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI ASTER thermal infrared observations over New Mexico SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci ID REFLECTION RADIOMETER ASTER; EMISSION AB Excellent scenes from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection radiometer (ASTER) on the Terra satellite were obtained over the Jornada Experimental Range test site along the Rio Grande and the White Sands National Monument in New Mexico. They were acquired on May 9, 2000, February 12, May 12, July 15 & 22, September 17, October 19 and November 11, 2001. There were simultaneous field campaigns for the 5/09/00, 5/12/01 and 9/17/01 scenes. Also, MASTER coverage was obtained for the 5/12/01 scene. The White Sands National Monument was also within several of the scenes. Emissivity values from the ASTER data from the 5/09/00 and 5/12/01 scenes for the gypsum sand at White Sands were in good agreement with values calculated from the lab spectra for gypsum and with each other, except for band 10. At both the mesquite and the grass sites the agreement amongst the ASTER results is excellent and in reasonable agreement with those calculated from the lab spectra and those observed with a field radiometer. These results indicate that ASTER and TES are working very well. The surface brightness temperatures from ASTER were in reasonable agreement with measurements made on the ground during the field campaigns mentioned above. C1 USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Schmugge, T (reprint author), USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 24 EP 26 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800008 ER PT B AU Doraiswamy, P Muratova, N Sinclair, T Stern, A Akhmedov, B AF Doraiswamy, P Muratova, N Sinclair, T Stern, A Akhmedov, B GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Evaluation of MODIS data for assessment of regional spring wheat yield in Kazakhstan SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci ID MODEL AB The new MODIS satellite imagery offers an opportunity for operational applications. The 1-km AVRRR imagery is not suitable for retrieval of field level parameter and the Landsat data is not frequent enough for monitoring changes in crop parameters during the critical crop growth periods. The objective of this research is to evaluate the application of MODIS data for crop yields assessment in the spring wheat belt of north Kazakhstan. Field measurements during the season included crop reflectance, leaf area index (LAI), biomass and final yields. A radiative transfer model was used to develop the LAI parameters from the MODIS 250-m data. The magnitude and spatial variability of crop yield estimates were compared with ground-based yield samples. Spring wheat crop yields were simulated using a crop model with LAI generated from MODIS imagery. Yield results were within the limits reported by the Kazakhstan Ministry of Agriculture. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Doraiswamy, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 487 EP 490 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800161 ER PT B AU Bryant, R Moran, MS McElroy, S Holifield, C Thome, K Miura, T AF Bryant, R Moran, MS McElroy, S Holifield, C Thome, K Miura, T GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Data continuity of Landsat-4 TM, Landsat-5 TM, Landsat-7 ETM+, and Advanced Land Imager (ALI) sensors. SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci ID REFLECTANCE C1 USDA, ARS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RP Bryant, R (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. RI Thome, Kurtis/D-7251-2012 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 584 EP 586 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800191 ER PT B AU Jackson, TJ Hsu, AY van de Griend, A Eagleman, JR AF Jackson, TJ Hsu, AY van de Griend, A Eagleman, JR GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Skylab L band microwave radiometer observations of soil moisture revisited SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB In preparing for future L band soil moisture satellite missions, investigators have employed ground, aircraft and satellite sensors. Of the satellite sensors, there has been only one instrument that provides any heritage at L band, the Skylab S-194 instrument that operated in the 1970s. Data from theses missions have been analyzed and reported in a few applications, however, these studies utilized either linear regression approach or Antecedent Precipitation Index (API). Here we explored the use of products from climate model reanalysis projects as ancillary data to exploit the S-194 data for a broad range of soil moisture conditions by employing radiative transfer approach. The spatial resolution and the accuracy of reanalysis outputs are major limitations on this approach. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jackson, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, 104 Bldg 007 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 1396 EP 1398 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800456 ER PT B AU McMurtney, JE Middleton, EM Corp, LA Campbell, PKE Butcher, LM Chappelle, EW Cook, WB AF McMurtney, JE Middleton, EM Corp, LA Campbell, PKE Butcher, LM Chappelle, EW Cook, WB GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Fluorescence responses from nitrogen plant stress in 4 Fraunhofer band regions SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; GREEN PLANTS; REFLECTANCE MEASUREMENTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB The potential of solar Fraunhofer line features centered at 532, 607, 677 and 745nm for tracking changes in plant canopy chlorophyll content and photosynthetic capacity was studied. Excitation wavelengths similar to full sun light were considered. Canopy changes were tested experimentally by monitoring treatments of plant stress due to nitrogen application rate in corn. Corn leaves were obtained from field plots that were given different nitrogen application rates at 20, 50, 100, and 150% of optimal N In 2001. The data infers that leaves in plant canopies that have the greatest photosynthetic performance potential can be identified. Information collected in Fraunhofer regions compared favorably with data taken by laser induced fluorescence excitation and detection methods In peak emission areas. The technique may be useful in projecting what can be expected If a space-born interferometer type sensor can be developed for capturing plant canopy fluorescence. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP McMurtney, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Campbell, Petya/G-4931-2013; Campbell, Petya/L-7486-2013 OI Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951; Campbell, Petya/0000-0002-0505-4951 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 1538 EP 1540 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800501 ER PT B AU Gomez-Landesa, E Rango, A AF Gomez-Landesa, E Rango, A GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Computer simulation of shaded areas in the upper Rio Grande basin for satellite snow mapping and snowmelt runoff forecasting SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB Snow maps of the Upper Rio Grande basin at Del Norte are currently obtained from the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) instrument on board Terra satellite and from the AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) on board NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) satellites. These snow maps are generated by a combination of visible and near infrared channels to obtain an image in which each pixel has a digital level proportional to the percent of snow cover. An algorithm was developed to simulate the shaded areas of the basin at any time of the year and any hour of the day, in order to apply a compensation to the reflectance values retrieved from satellite data. C1 USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM USA. RP Gomez-Landesa, E (reprint author), USDA ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 2190 EP 2192 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800715 ER PT S AU Chopping, MJ Rango, A Gomez-Landesa, E AF Chopping, MJ Rango, A Gomez-Landesa, E GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI The importance of early morning local overpass times for BRDF retrieval, modeling of spectral reflectance and fAPAR estimation SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB Blueprints for near-future moderate resolution satellite-borne sensor systems such as the VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) sensor on the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) do not include plans to ensure that land surface observations are made from an early morning (AM) orbit (07:30-08:30 local time) as well as in the afternoon (PM), and current spaceborne sensors designed to sample the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) achieve this by off-nadir viewing with a small range of solar zenith angles (SZA). This may limit the utility of current and future systems in important Earth observation applications such as estimating the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically-active radiation (fAPAR). The lack of observations at 500 < SZA < 70degrees may only be partly offset by the 09:30 orbit foreseen for EUMETSAT's METOP satellite, to carry a third generation Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). Here existing AVHRR data are used to examine the likely impact of inverting models with observations at a small range of sun angles. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM mchoppin@nmsu.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 2264 EP 2266 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116800738 ER PT B AU Ogawa, K Schmugge, T Jacob, F French, A AF Ogawa, K Schmugge, T Jacob, F French, A GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Estimation of broadband emissivity from satellite multi-channel thermal infrared data using spectral libraries SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci AB Surface broadband thermal infrared emissivity is an important parameter for estimating the longwave surface energy balance. This study focuses on estimating the broadband emissivity from the emissivities of the five channels on the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer / Thermal Infrared Radiometer (ASTER/TIR). ASTER is a sensor onboard the Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra satellite launched in 1999, and has five channels in the thermal infrared region (8-12 mum). Using this sensor, it is possible to estimate surface spectral emissivity for each channel at a spatial resolution of 90 m. Broadband emissivities (3-14 mum) were calculated using two spectral libraries, John Hopkins University Spectral Library (JHU Library) and MODIS UCSB (University of California, Santa Barbara) Emissivity Library (UCSB Library). They ranged from 0.89 to 0.99 for natural surfaces, such as, rocks, soils, vegetation, water, ice, and snow. Then, we assumed that the broadband emissivity can be expressed as a linear combination emissivities for the five ASTER/TIR channels. The linear regression was calibrated using JHU Library and validated with the UCSB Library. The absolute error on the estimated broadband emissivity was less than 0.01 for 93 % of all samples and RMSE was 0.0051 over an emissivity range from 0.91 to 0.99 in validation. Finally, this calibrated regression was applied to emissivities computed from the data acquired with ASTER/TIR over the Jornada Experimental Range in New Mexico to produce a map of broadband emissivity for this area. C1 ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ogawa, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 3234 EP 3236 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116801050 ER PT B AU French, A Jacob, F Schmugge, T Kustas, W AF French, A Jacob, F Schmugge, T Kustas, W GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Comparing surface energy flux models using ASTER imagery over Oklahoma SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci ID TEMPERATURE; SOIL AB Surface energy flux estimates over central Oklahoma, during the summer of 2001, are derived in two different ways from thermal infrared and visible-near infrared ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Re flection radiometer) 90 m resolution observations. In one approach, surface flux estimates are computed using a two source energy balance (TSEB) model, which distinguishes between soil and vegetation flux components. The benefit of TSEB is an improved surface representation over sparsely vegetated terrain, as compared to one-layer models. In the other approach, surface flux estimates are computed from the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) model, which computes meteorological variables using information contained within the spatial variability of convective fluxes. A major benefit of the SEBAL model is that estimates can be obtained solely from remote sensing observations. Both models compare reasonably well with surface flux measurements, but their relative sensitivities and biases are different for the same input data. Sources of these modeling sensitivities and biases will be discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP French, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 3261 EP 3263 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116801059 ER PT B AU Chopping, MJ Rango, A Goslee, S Schmugge, T Ritchie, JC AF Chopping, MJ Rango, A Goslee, S Schmugge, T Ritchie, JC GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Simulation of grassland-shrubland transition zone landscape images at 650 nm using a simple BRDF model SO IGARSS 2002: IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM AND 24TH CANADIAN SYMPOSIUM ON REMOTE SENSING, VOLS I-VI, PROCEEDINGS: REMOTE SENSING: INTEGRATING OUR VIEW OF THE PLANET SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2002)/24th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUN 24-28, 2002 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Waterloo, Natl Resouces Candad, Canadian Space Agcy, Environm Canada, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Natl Polar-Orbit Environm Satellite Syst, Ball Aerosp & Technol, Int Union Radio Sci ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE AB The objective of this study was to assess the capability of a simple bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model to simulate angular 650 nm (red wavelength) images of shrubland landscapes when driven by a small number of spatially-varying structural parameters (mean shrub density and width, together with derived mean canopy height and overall brightness), together with two static parameters (spectral reflectance of leaves and a parametric soil/understory BRDF). It was hypothesized that this simple parameterization will lead to important errors in reconstruction of directional (off-nadir) images, as acquired by a tilting multispectral digital camera at six different viewing directions and three different solar zenith angles in the principal plane. The results show that great care is needed in parameterizing the BRDF in this way and that variations in the brightness of the understory -- here represented by grasses, forbs, sub-shrubs, biotic crusts and bare soil -- has an important effect on modeled estimates of bidirectional reflectance in the red wavelengths. C1 USDA, ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Chopping, MJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7536-X J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2002 BP 3561 EP 3563 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Geology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BV48S UT WOS:000179116801159 ER PT S AU Park, B Lawrence, KC Windham, WR Smith, DP Feldner, PW AF Park, B Lawrence, KC Windham, WR Smith, DP Feldner, PW BE Shen, SS TI Hyperspectral imaging for food processing automation SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VIII CY JUL 08-10, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE poultry; chicken; feces; ingesta; hyperspectral; multispectral; machine vision; common aperture; camera; real-time; on-line; food safety ID TIME DEFECT DETECTION; INSPECTION; FRUIT AB This paper presents the research results that demonstrates hyperspectral imaging could be. used effectively for detecting feces (from duodenum, ceca, and colon) and ingesta on the surface of poultry carcasses, and potential application for real-time, on-line processing of poultry for automatic safety inspection. The hyperspectral imaging system included a line scan camera with prism-grating-prism spectrograph, fiber optic line lighting, motorized lens control, and hyperspectral image processing software. Hyperspectral image processing algorithms, specifically band ratio of dual-wavelength (565/517) images and thresholding were effective on the identification of fecal and ingesta contamination of poultry carcasses. A multispectral imaging system including a common aperture camera with three optical trim filters (515.4 mn with 8.6- mn FWHM, 566.4 mn with 8.8-nm FWHM, and 631 mn with 10.2-nm FWHM), which were selected and validated by a hyperspectral. imaging system, Was developed for a real-time on-line application. A total image processing time required to perform the cur-rent multispectral. images captured by a common aperture camera was approximately 251 msec or 3.99 frames/sec. A preliminary test shows that the accuracy of real-time multispectral imaging system to detect feces and ingesta on corn/soybean fed poultry carcasses was 96%. However, many false positive spots that cause system errors were also detected. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Park, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4584-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4816 BP 308 EP 316 DI 10.1117/12.447917 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BV73W UT WOS:000179917000030 ER PT S AU Windham, WR Lawrence, KC Park, B Smith, DP Poole, G AF Windham, WR Lawrence, KC Park, B Smith, DP Poole, G BE Shen, SS TI Analysis of reflectance spectra from hyperspectral images of poultry carcasses for fecal and ingesta detection SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VIII CY JUL 08-10, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WA SP SPIE, Boeing Co, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington State Univ, Coll Sci, Washington State Univ, Coll Engn & Architecture, Washington Technol Ctr, Univ Washington, Coll Engn, Univ Washington, Ctr Nanotechnol DE Visible/NIR spectroscopy; hyperspectral; multispectral; food safety inspection; feces; contamination; poultry ID MULTISPECTRAL IMAGES; SPECTROSCOPY AB Identification and separation of poultry carcasses contaminated by feces and/or crop ingesta are very important to protect the consumer from a potential source of food poisoning. A transportable hyperspectral imaging system was developed to detect fecal and ingesta contamination on the surface of poultry carcasses. Detection algorithms used with the imaging system were developed from visible/near infrared monochromator spectra and with contaminates from birds fed a corn/soybean meal diet. The objectives of this study were to investigate using regions of interest reflectance spectra from hyperspectral images to determine optimal wavelengths for fecal detection algorithms from images of birds fed corn, wheat and milo diets. Spectral and spatial data between 400 and 900 nm with a 1.0 nm spectral resolution were acquired from uncontaminated and fecal and ingesta contaminated poultry carcasses. Regions of interest (ROIs) were defined for fecal and ingesta contaminated and uncontaminated skin (i.e. breast, thigh, and wing). Average reflectance spectra of the ROIs were extracted for analysis. Reflectance spectra of contaminants and uncontaminated skin differed. Spectral data pre-processing treatments with a single-term, linear regression program to select wavelengths for optimum calibration coefficients to detect contamination were developed. Fecal and ingesta detection models, specifically a quotient of 2 and/or 3-wavelengths was 100% successful in classification of contaminates. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Windham, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4584-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2002 VL 4816 BP 317 EP 324 DI 10.1117/12.451653 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BV73W UT WOS:000179917000031 ER PT S AU Nelson, SO Trabelsi, S Kraszewski, AW AF Nelson, SO Trabelsi, S Kraszewski, AW GP IEEE IEEE TI Principles of microwave moisture measurement in grain SO IMTC 2002: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 19TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 & 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (IMTC/2002) CY MAY 21-23, 2002 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc ID PARTICULATE MATERIALS; DENSITY; SENSORS AB The importance of cereal grain moisture content in determining little of harvest and in preserving grain quality is described, Techniques for moisture measurement, including electronic moisture meters, are also discussed briefly, and the need for better moisture sensing techniques for modern agricultural on-line moisture monitoring is described Principles of microwave free-space measurements involving attenuation and phase determination are explained, and density-independent functions of the grain permittivity are presented that permit reliable moisture sensing applicable to moving grain in which bulk density variation occurs. A new moisture calibration function, based oil complex-plane plots of the density-normalized dielectric constant and loss factor, is described, which promises a universal calibration for different types of grain and seed This important advantage should encourage commercial development for practical use. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-7218-2 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2002 BP 99 EP 102 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BV15Y UT WOS:000178011900017 ER EF