FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Panigrahy, B Senne, DA Pedersen, JC AF Panigrahy, B Senne, DA Pedersen, JC TI Avian influenza virus subtypes inside and outside the live bird markets, 1993-2000: A spatial and temporal relationship SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian influenza; avian influenza virus subtypes; live bird markets; hemagglutinin cleavage site ID HEMAGGLUTININ CLEAVAGE SITE; HIGHLY PATHOGENIC VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; 83 H5N2; SEQUENCE; EMERGENCE; ACTIVATION; CHICKENS; MEXICO; GENE AB Between 1993 and 2000, gallinaceous birds, waterfowl, and environmental specimens from the live bird markets (LBMs) of the northeastern United States and non-LBM premises were tested for the presence of avian influenza virus (AIV), pathogenic properties of AIV subtypes, especially of hemagglutinin (H) subtypes H5 and F17, and a possible association between LBM and non-LBM infections. Ten H subtypes of AIV were isolated from the LBM specimens: H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, H7, H9, H10, and H11. During this period, the 10 subtypes also were isolated from birds in non-LBM premises. In the LBMs, subtypes H2, H3, H4, H6, H7, and H11 were present for 5-8 yr despite efforts to clean and disinfect the premises. The H5 or H7 subtypes present during the same car in both LBMs and non-LBMs within a state or in contiguous states were (subtype/year): H5N2/ 1993, 1999, and H7N2/1994-99. The AIV subtypes including the H and H7 that were 5 evaluated for pathogenicity in chickens were low pathogenic. The deduced an-Lino acid sequence at the H cleavage site of H5 and H7 subtypes was consistent with chose of to v pathogenic AIV. Although the H5N2 and H7N2 subtypes remained low pathogenic, they did undergo mutations and acquired an additional basic amino acid at the H cleavage site; however, the minimum number of basic amino acids in correct sequence (B-X-B-R, where B = basic amino acid, X = need not be basic amino acid, and R = arginine) required for high pathogenicity was lacking. A low pathogenic H5 or H7 subtype may become highly pathogenic by acquiring additional basic amino acids at the H cleavage site. The LBMs have been and will likely continue to be a source of AIV for commercial poultry. C1 USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Panigrahy, B (reprint author), USDA, Vet Serv, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, POB 844, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 41 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 2002 VL 46 IS 2 BP 298 EP 307 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0298:AIVSIA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 569QD UT WOS:000176612700005 PM 12061638 ER PT J AU Berinstein, A Seal, BS Suarez, DL AF Berinstein, A Seal, BS Suarez, DL TI Heteroduplex mobility assay for detection of new avian influenza virus variants SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE hereroduplex mobility assay; avian influenza virus; reverse transcriptase; PCR; RT-PCR ID DNA; SEQUENCE; STRAINS; TYPE-1; GENES AB Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in poultry causes high morbidity and mortality, and it is a List A disease of the Office International des Epizooties. An outbreak of HPAI in commercial poultry not only causes direct disease losses but often results in trade restrictions for the affected country. Because HPAI viruses can mutate from H5 and H7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses, it is necessary to monitor and control even the low pathogenic form of the virus. We report a practical approach for screening large numbers of isolates that uses amplification by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of a segment of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene (536-560 bp) of H7 avian influenza viruses followed by the heteroduplex mobility assay (HNL,). The HMA test compares the amplified polymerase chain reaction product from unknown samples with reference isolates, which allows the identification of new variants, The HMA test results were compared with sequence analysis of the isolates used in the study. On the basis of the HMA, we could identify several new variant viruses present in the live bird markets in the northeastern United States. New strains gave a distinct pattern of bands in the gels in accordance with the different heteroduplexes formed when their HA region amplification products were incubated together with the same amplification product of a reference strain. These differences correlate with phylogenetic analysis from sequence data. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Inst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria, Ctr Invest Ciencias Vet & Agropecuarias, Inst Biotecnol, RA-1712 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Suarez, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 2002 VL 46 IS 2 BP 393 EP 400 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0393:HMAFDO]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 569QD UT WOS:000176612700016 PM 12061649 ER PT J AU Stern, NJ Robach, MC Coxa, NA Musgrove, MT AF Stern, NJ Robach, MC Coxa, NA Musgrove, MT TI Effect of drinking water chlorination on Campylobacter spp. colonization of broilers SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE broilers; Campylobacter spp.; chlorination; water ID JEJUNI; POULTRY AB The main source for Campylobacter spp. transmission from the environment to broiler chickens is still unclear. One implicated reservoir for the organism has been untreated broiler drinking water. This study was conducted with broilers first using experimental conditions (isolation units) and second under commercial conditions. We compared the rate of intestinal colonization in chickens provided 2 to 5 parts per million (ppm) chlorinated drinking water in relation to the frequency of colonization in chickens given unsupplemented drinking water. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was detected in isolation frequency or level of Campylobacter spp. colonization in birds provided chlorinated drinking water and control birds provided water without supplemental chlorine. In the isolation unit experiments, 86.3% (69/80) of the control and 85.0% (68/80) of the treated birds were colonized at levels corresponding to an average of 10(5.2) and 10(5.1) log colony-forming units (cfu) Campylobacter spp./g of cecal contents, respectively. Additionally, two sets of paired 20,000 bird broiler houses, with and without chlorination (2-5 ppm chlorine), were monitored in a commercial field trial. Effectiveness of chlorination was judged by prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in fecal droppings (960 samples) taken from the flocks in treated and control houses. Birds from the control houses were 35.5% (175/493) Campylobacter spp. positive, while 45.8% (214/467) of the samples from the houses having chlorinated drinking water yielded the organism. Chlorination of flock drinking water at the levels tested in this study was not effective in decreasing colonization by Campylobacter spp. under commercial production practices presently used in the United States. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Wayne Farms LLC, Oakwood, GA 30566 USA. RP Stern, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 13 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 2002 VL 46 IS 2 BP 401 EP 404 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0401:EODWCO]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 569QD UT WOS:000176612700017 PM 12061650 ER PT J AU Turpin, EA Perkins, LEL Swayne, DE AF Turpin, EA Perkins, LEL Swayne, DE TI Experimental infection of turkeys with avian pneumovirus and either Newcastle disease virus or Escherichia coli SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE avian pneumovirus; turkey rhino tracheitis; turkey; RT-PCR; Newcastle disease virus; Escherichia coli ID SWOLLEN-HEAD-SYNDROME; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; RHINOTRACHEITIS-VIRUS; INVIVO CHARACTERIZATION; DUAL INFECTION; CHICKENS; STRAINS; POULTS; PATHOGENICITY; PATHOGENESIS AB Avian pneumoviruses (APVs) are RNA viruses responsible for upper respiratory disease in poultry. Experimental infections are typically less severe than those observed in field cases. Previous studies with APV and Escherichia coli suggest this discrepancy is due to secondary agents. Field observations indicate APV infections are more severe with concurrent infection by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). In the current study, we examined the role of lentogenic NDV in the APV disease process. Two-week-old commercial turkey poults were infected with the Colorado strain of APV. Three days later, these poults received an additional inoculation of either NDV or E coli. Dual infection of APV with either NDV or E. coli resulted in increased morbidity rates, with poults receiving APV/NDV having the highest morbidity rates and displaying lesions of swollen infraorbital sinuses. These lesions were not present in the single APV, NDV, or E. coli groups. These results demonstrate that coinfection with APV and NDV can result in clinical signs and lesions similar to those in field outbreaks of APV. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Vet Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 45 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 2002 VL 46 IS 2 BP 412 EP 422 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0412:EIOTWA]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 569QD UT WOS:000176612700019 PM 12061652 ER PT J AU Branton, SL Bearson, SMD Bearson, B Lott, BD Maslin, WR Collier, SD Pharr, GT Boykin, DL AF Branton, SL Bearson, SMD Bearson, B Lott, BD Maslin, WR Collier, SD Pharr, GT Boykin, DL TI The effects of 6/85 live mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine in commercial layer hens over a 43-week laying cycle on egg production, selected egg quality parameters, and egg size distribution when challenged before beginning of lay SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE chicken; pullet; vaccination; F strain; 6/85; M. gallinarum; egg size ID F-STRAIN; DUAL INFECTION; CHICKENS; TRANSMISSIBILITY; SYNOVIAE; POULTRY AB In each of two trials, 80 commercial leghorn-type pullets were separated into two treatments with four replicates of 10 chickens in each treatment. Forty pullets were designated as controls and received no inoculation, whereas the remaining 40 pullets received the 6/85 vaccine strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) at 10 wk of age. Hen-day egg production, egg weight, eggshell strength, Haugh unit score, pimpling incidence, and blood/meat spot incidence were monitored and recorded weekly in each trial through an entire laying cycle of 43 wk. Further, eggs from all treatments were collected daily, Monday-Thursday, and individually weighed. No significant difference was observed between the treatments for 43-wk means for hen-day egg production, for any of the monitored egg or eggshell quality parameters, or for the number of extra large, large, medium, small, pee wee, or undergrade egg sizes. A significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) difference was observed for the number of jumbo-sized eggs between the two treatments. Results of this study suggest that vaccination of commercial layer chickens at 10 wk of age with 6/85 strain MG does not detrimentally impact egg production, egg size distribution, or ovary/oviduct function as evidenced by selected egg parameters monitored in this study. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Mid S Area, Off Director, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Branton, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Poultry Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 2002 VL 46 IS 2 BP 423 EP 428 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0423:TEOLMG]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 569QD UT WOS:000176612700020 PM 12061653 ER PT J AU Ziprin, RL Hume, ME Young, CR Harvey, RB AF Ziprin, RL Hume, ME Young, CR Harvey, RB TI Cecal colonization of chicks by porcine strains of Campylobacter coli SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter coli; swine; chickens; enteric pathogens ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; GENOTYPIC VARIATION; JEJUNI; SALMONELLA AB Ten genotypically distinct strains of Campylobacter coli were isolated from a swine production facility. These porcine isolates were then orally inoculated into day-of-hatch leghorn chicks and were excellent colonizers of the chick cecum. Campylobacter coli recovered from inoculated chickens were genotypically identical to the challenge strain. The absence of host specificity Suggests a possible movement of strains among swine, field animals and birds, and poultry houses. C1 USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Ziprin, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F & B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 2002 VL 46 IS 2 BP 473 EP 477 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0473:CCOCBP]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 569QD UT WOS:000176612700028 PM 12061661 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM AF Ordovas, JM TI Gene-diet interaction and plasma lipid responses to dietary intervention SO BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Staying Healthy with Chips - The Future of Diagnosis CY DEC 17-19, 2001 CL UNIV YORK, YORK, ENGLAND SP Unipath Ltd HO UNIV YORK DE APOA I locus; coronary heart disease; gene chips; nutrigenomics; polymorphisms ID AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; HEALTH-CARE PROFESSIONALS; NUTRITION COMMITTEE AB Strategies for disease prevention can have a major impact on people's health. However, major gaps exist in Our knowledge with regard to nutritional adequacy, nutrient-disease interactions, nutrient-gene interactions, and effective strategies for implementation of dietary recommendations which have the potential to decrease the disease burden and to contribute to successful aging of the population. Coronary heart disease is one of the major causes of mortality in the world. We have sound evidence that high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease. Lipoprotein concentrations are associated with environmental variables such as diet and lifestyle, but genetics also play a significant role. We hake examined polymorphisms at candidate loci to determine their usefulness as markers for dietary responses. A G/A polymorphism 75 bp upstream from the gene encoding apolipoprotein AI (APOA1) has been described in similar to 30% of the population. Our studies show that this polymorphism is associated with variability in the HDL-C response to dietary fat, specifically to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the diet. Carriers of the A allele respond to increases in dietary PUFA with elevations in HDL-C levels, probably due to altered interactions of transcription factors with the mutated promoter. Therefore carriers of the A allele can potentially decrease their atherogenic risk by consuming high-PUFA diets. Likewise, we have examined the interaction between other dietary habits, such as alcohol drinking, and variability at the APOE locus, and have demonstrated that the classical associations between APOE polymorphism and LDL-C levels are observed primarily in those subjects who consume alcohol. Moreover, we have found a subgroup of the population, APOE4 carriers, for whom drinking alcohol may exert detrimental effects on lipid metabolism. This knowledge will contribute towards the development of more effective personalized dietary recommendations. C1 Tufts Univ, JM, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 11 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU PORTLAND PRESS PI LONDON PA 59 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 3AJ, ENGLAND SN 0300-5127 J9 BIOCHEM SOC T JI Biochem. Soc. Trans. PD APR PY 2002 VL 30 BP 68 EP 73 DI 10.1042/0300-5127:0300068 PN 2 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 550JM UT WOS:000175499900013 PM 12023827 ER PT J AU Prinsloo, G Chen, Y Giles, KL Grenstone, MH AF Prinsloo, G Chen, Y Giles, KL Grenstone, MH TI Release and recovery in South Africa of the exotic aphid parasitoid Aphelinus hordei verified by the polymerase chain reaction SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Aphelinidae; Aphelinus albipodus; Aphelinus asychis; Aphelinus hordei; Aphelinus varipes; Aphididae; biological control; ITS2; parasitoid; Russian wheat aphid; 16s DNA sequence ID DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; 2 STRAINS; HYMENOPTERA; HOMOPTERA AB The exotic aphid parasitoid Aphelinus hordei Kurdjumov (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) was released at five Russian wheat aphid [Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko)] infested wheat fields in the eastern parts of the Free State Province of South Africa during the 1998 and 1999 growing seasons. Except for differences in the setae on the ventral side of the forewings, this species is very similar in colour and structure to A. varipes (Foerster) and A. albipodus Hayat & Fatima, which also parasitise D. noxia. It is therefore difficult to distinguish between them, and to determine their establishment. Therefore a polymerase chain reaction, using specific primers for both ITS2 and mitochondrial 16s DNA sequences of the three parasitoids, followed by HinfI restriction endonuclease digestion and agarose gel electrophoresis, was tested to distinguish between them. Parasitoid recoveries were made at the release sites within weeks after they were released. Putative individuals of A. hordei were also collected during 1999 and 2000 on D. noxia in Lesotho, which is situated on the eastern border of the Free State Province. The procedure separated the three Aphelinus spp. reliably. Between 94 and 100% of the individuals recovered during the two field seasons were identified as being A. hordei, thus verifying recovery of this exotic aphid parasitoid in South Africa. C1 Agr Res Council, Small Grain Inst, Bethlehem, South Africa. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. ARS, USDA, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, Stillwater, OK USA. RP Prinsloo, G (reprint author), Agr Res Council, Small Grain Inst, Bethlehem, South Africa. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD APR PY 2002 VL 47 IS 2 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.1023/A:1014507230681 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 530EL UT WOS:000174342600001 ER PT J AU Sigsgaard, L Greenstone, MH Duffield, SJ AF Sigsgaard, L Greenstone, MH Duffield, SJ TI Egg cannibalism in Helicoverpa armigera on sorghum and pigeonpea SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE egg cannibalism; ELISA; Helicoverpa armigera; immunoassay; India; monoclonal antibody ID HUBNER LEPIDOPTERA; NATURAL ENEMIES; NOCTUIDAE; PREDATION; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; BOLLWORM; COTTON; INDIA AB Egg cannibalism by Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae was studied in the laboratory and in the field. In laboratory experiments, first instars were exposed to increasing densities of H. armigera eggs on sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, and pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. The number of eggs eaten per larva increased significantly as egg availability increased on both sorghum and pigeonpea. In small cages 21-37% of eggs were eaten on sorghum, 4-12% on pigeonpea. Plant feeding declined significantly on both sorghum and pigeonpea as egg density increased. Cannibalism was greater on sorghum than on pigeonpea while plant feeding was greater on pigeonpea than on sorghum. Only around 8% of eggs were eaten in larger cages with sorghum. The response to increasing egg availability in all experiments was linear. Immunoassay with an anti-vitellin monoclonal antibody showed that egg cannibalism occurs on pigeonpea under field conditions. Seven percent of all larvae had egg protein in their gut. Cannibalism may make a significant contribution to H. armigera population suppression. C1 Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Ecol, Zool Sect, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. ARS, USDA, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. CSIRO Entomol, Griffith, NSW 2680, Australia. RP Sigsgaard, L (reprint author), Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Ecol, Zool Sect, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. RI Sigsgaard, Lene/F-7182-2014 OI Sigsgaard, Lene/0000-0001-6478-5079 NR 36 TC 21 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD APR PY 2002 VL 47 IS 2 BP 151 EP 165 DI 10.1023/A:1014577114915 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 530EL UT WOS:000174342600003 ER PT J AU Lewis, LC Bruck, DJ Gunnarson, RD AF Lewis, LC Bruck, DJ Gunnarson, RD TI On-farm evaluation of Beauveria bassiana for control of Ostrinia nubilalis in Iowa, USA SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; field application; Ostrinia nubilalis ID EUROPEAN CORN-BORER; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; FIELD-EVALUATION; PYRALIDAE; LEPIDOPTERA; VUILLEMIN AB Ostrinia nubilalis is (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) a severe pest of corn in the major corn growing areas of the United States. The efficacy of a Beauveria bassiana application, for season-long suppression of O. nubilalis was evaluated in 1996 and 1997 at locations across Iowa. Beauveria bassiana, Mycotech 726 (Mycotech Corporation, Butte, MT) formulated on corn grit granules (14-20 mesh) at 2.2 x 10(9) conidia/g and applied with a hand-held applicator at the rate of 0.4 g/plant (8.8 x 10(8) conidia/plant). Applications were made when plants were in the V7 or R1 growth stage. The length of larval tunneling, percentage of plants not infested with O. nubilalis, percentage of plants with an endophyte, and yield from treated and control plots were determined. Whorl-stage application of B. bassiana in 1996 resulted in a significant reduction in centimeters of tunneling (46-55%) and the percentage plants not infested by O. nubilalis. In 1997, B. bassiana caused significant reductions in larval tunneling at all locations (20-53%); however, a significant increase in the percentage of plants not infested with O. nubilalis occurred at only one location. Treatment of plants with B. bassiana in 1997 did not significantly increase the percentage of plants with an endophyte; however, the trend, with the exception of one site, was for a greater percentage of endophytic plants in treated versus untreated plots. A whorl-stage application of a granular formulation of B. bassiana was most efficacious in reducing O. nubilalis larval damage. C1 ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Lewis, LC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Insectary Bldg, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD APR PY 2002 VL 47 IS 2 BP 167 EP 176 DI 10.1023/A:1014574526071 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 530EL UT WOS:000174342600004 ER PT J AU Caesar, AJ Campobasso, G Terragitti, G AF Caesar, AJ Campobasso, G Terragitti, G TI Identification, pathogenicity and comparative virulence of Fusarium spp. associated with insect-damaged, diseased Centaurea spp. in Europe SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Asteraceae; rangeland weeds; soilborne pathogens; synergism ID SPURGE EUPHORBIA-ESULA; LEAFY SPURGE; NORTHERN PLAINS; RHIZOCTONIA; PLANTS AB Fusarium spp. isolated from insect-infested, diseased Centaurea diffusa and Centaurea maculosa in Europe were assessed for pathogenicity to North American plants of their respective original hosts: either C. diffusa or C. maculosa. Of the ten isolates of Fusarium spp. isolated from diseased Centaurea spp. in the Caucasus region of Russia and eastern Europe, all caused one or more disease symptoms or reductions in fresh weight of North American accessions of their original host species. In three instances, these reductions were statistically significant (p = 0.05). Symptoms included overall stunting, root lesions, and crown rot. Reductions in fresh weight of C. diffusa ranged from 17-78%, and C. maculosa exhibited reductions of 18-82%. The pathogenic cultures were identified as F. solani, F. tricinctum and F. oxysporum. Six of seven other cultures were identified as F. oxysporum, and one as F. tricinctum. It was concluded that further screening of a larger set of isolates of foreign Fusarium spp. under quarantine conditions stateside or in limited USDA-ARS overseas facilities is justified and promising. C1 ARS, USDA, Pest Management Res Unit, No Plainms Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. ARS, USDA, European Biol Control Lab, Rome Substn, Rome, Italy. RP Caesar, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Pest Management Res Unit, No Plainms Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. EM caesara@sidney.ars.usda.gov; ebcl.romesubstation@agora.stm.it NR 28 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD APR PY 2002 VL 47 IS 2 BP 217 EP 229 DI 10.1023/A:1014507025447 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 530EL UT WOS:000174342600008 ER PT J AU Center, TD Hill, MP AF Center, TD Hill, MP TI Field efficacy and predicted host range of the pickerelweed borer, Bellura densa, a potential biological control agent of water hyacinth SO BIOCONTROL LA English DT Article DE Araceae; Bellura densa; biological control; host specificity; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; pickerelweed; Pontederiaceae; taro; water hyacinth AB The North American noctuid moth Bellura densa offers promise as a biological control agent for use in Africa and other countries invaded by water hyacinth. An augmentative release at a pond in Florida, USA, eliminated water hyacinth within a few months. Laboratory studies, though, indicated that oviposition was indiscriminate and that development was completed on taro (Colocasia esculenta [Araceae]) as well as on several Pontederiaceae. Acceptability of taro as a larval food plant was confirmed in the field when larvae were found in isolated stands of taro in Florida. Evidence of use of Peltandra virginica (Linnaeus) (Araceae) was noted at another site. The distribution of larval damage was compared at a site containing a mixture of 97% taro and 3% pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata). Larvae damaged 87% of the pickerelweed compared to only about 5% of the taro, suggesting spillover onto taro. In another study, 416 larvae were liberated into a concrete tank containing water hyacinth (818 plants) surrounded by taro (96 plants). Three months later, taro accounted for only 4% of the damaged plants, less than the 11% expected if host selection had been random. In a similar study, larvae were liberated onto water hyacinth in a large tank divided into thirds, with pickerelweed or taro at either end and water hyacinth in the middle. The distributions of F-1 egg masses and incidence of damage 3 months later indicated that pickerelweed was preferred over taro, but 26% of the taro plants were damaged. We conclude that while B. densa prefers plants in the Pontederiaceae, it is not restricted to this plant family. Plants in the Araceae would be at risk if this insect were released outside of North America, particularly in cropping situations near water hyacinth infestations. Bellura densa could be useful for water hyacinth management in the U.S. if effective augmentation strategies were developed. C1 ARS, USDA, Aquat Plant Control Res Unit, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Plant Protect Res Inst, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. RP Center, TD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Plant Control Res Unit, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6141 J9 BIOCONTROL JI Biocontrol PD APR PY 2002 VL 47 IS 2 BP 231 EP 243 DI 10.1023/A:1014579406894 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 530EL UT WOS:000174342600009 ER PT J AU Mosier, AR Bleken, MA Chaiwanakupt, P Ellis, EC Freney, JR Howarth, RB Matson, PA Minami, K Naylor, R Weeks, KN Zhu, ZL AF Mosier, AR Bleken, MA Chaiwanakupt, P Ellis, EC Freney, JR Howarth, RB Matson, PA Minami, K Naylor, R Weeks, KN Zhu, ZL TI Policy implications of human-accelerated nitrogen cycling (Reprinted from Biogeochemistry, vol 52, pg 281-320, 2001) SO BIOGEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Reprint DE fertilizer; food production; fossil fuel combustion; mitigation; N; NOx; N2O ID TAI LAKE REGION; OXIDE EMISSIONS; POPULATION-GROWTH; DEPOSITION; EFFICIENCY; CHINA; CONSEQUENCES; SATURATION; ECOSYSTEMS; STANDARDS AB The human induced input of reactive N into the global biosphere has increased to approximately 150 Tg N each year and is expected to continue to increase for the foreseeable future. The need to feed (similar to125 Tg N) and to provide energy (similar to25 Tg N) for the growing world population drives this trend. This increase in reactive N comes at, in some instances, significant costs to society through increased emissions of NOx, NH3, N2O and NO3- and deposition of NOy and NHx. \ In the atmosphere, increases in tropospheric ozone and acid deposition (NOy and NHx) have led to acidification of aquatic and soil systems and to reductions in forest and crop system production. Changes in aquatic systems as a result of nitrate leaching have led to decreased drinking water quality, eutrophication, hypoxia and decreases in aquatic plant diversity, for example. On the other hand, increased deposition of biologically available N may have increased forest biomass production and may have contributed to increased storage of atmospheric CO2 in plant and soils. Most importantly, synthetic production of fertilizer N has contributed greatly to the remarkable increase in food production that has taken place during the past 50 years. The development of policy to control unwanted reactive N release is difficult because much of the reactive N release is related to food and energy production and reactive N species can be transported great distances in the atmosphere and in aquatic systems. There are many possibilities for limiting reactive N emissions from fuel combustion, and in fact, great strides have been made during the past decades. Reducing the introduction of new reactive N and in curtailing the movement of this N in food production is even more difficult. The particular problem comes from the fact that most of the N that is introduced into the global food production system is not converted into usable product, but rather reenters the biosphere as a surplus. Global policy on N in agriculture is difficult because many countries need to increase food production to raise nutritional levels or to keep up with population growth, which may require increased use of N fertilizers. Although N cycling occurs at regional and global scales, policies are implemented and enforced at the national or provincial/state levels. Multinational efforts to control N loss to the environment are surely needed, but these efforts will require commitments from individual countries and the policy-makers within those countries. C1 ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Agr Univ Norway, Aas, Norway. Thailand Dept Agr, Bangkok, Thailand. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Agroecol & Sustainable Food Syst, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. NIAES, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Soil Sci, Nanjing, Peoples R China. RP Mosier, AR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RI Freney, John/E-9462-2011; OI Bleken, Marina/0000-0003-0892-1157 NR 87 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 16 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-2563 J9 BIOGEOCHEMISTRY JI Biogeochemistry PD APR PY 2002 VL 57 IS 1 BP 477 EP 516 DI 10.1023/A:1015798424363 PG 40 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 559AG UT WOS:000176001500016 ER PT J AU Cabin, RJ Weller, SG Lorence, DH Cordell, S Hadway, LJ AF Cabin, RJ Weller, SG Lorence, DH Cordell, S Hadway, LJ TI Effects of microsite, water, weeding, and direct seeding on the regeneration of native and alien species within a Hawaiian dry forest preserve SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Hawaiian dry forests; restoration; endangered species; alien species; microsite ID TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FOREST; ABANDONED PASTURE; ROOT COMPETITION; TREE SEEDLINGS; ECOLOGY; GROWTH AB Tropical dry forests are among the most endangered ecosystems in the world in general and in Hawaii in particular. To investigate the regeneration ecology of native and alien dry forest species on the island of Hawaii, we used a factorial experiment with microsite (sub-canopy vs. inter-canopy), water (supplemental vs. ambient), and weeding (alien species removed vs, not removed) treatments, and also seeded six native woody species into each plot at the start of the experiment. At the end of the 21-month study, the biomass of the volunteer native and alien species (i.e. unplanted species consisting mainly of relatively fast-growing shrubs) was nearly three and 13 times that of the seeded species, respectively. The biomass of the native volunteers was greater in the inter-canopy plots, greater for the seeded species in the sub-canopy plots, and did not differ significantly within this treatment for the alien species. Few species survived in the ambient water plots, resulting in greater biomass in the watered plots for all species, There were no significant differences in the biomass of the native species within the weeded vs. non-weeded plots; on the contrary, we found consistently positive correlations between the abundance of the seeded species and the volunteer native and alien species. Thus it may be possible to restore Hawaii's degraded dry forests by manipulating these naturally recruiting species to create microsites favorable for the eventual re-establishment of the endangered native canopy tree flora. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Natl Trop Bot Garden, Kalaheo, HI 96741 USA. Hawaii State Dept Land & Nat Resources, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Cabin, RJ (reprint author), SUNY Coll Plattsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, 101 Broad St, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 USA. NR 38 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD APR PY 2002 VL 104 IS 2 BP 181 EP 190 AR PII S0006-3207(01)00163-X DI 10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00163-X PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 533ZA UT WOS:000174559100004 ER PT J AU Shigaki, T Hirschi, KD AF Shigaki, T Hirschi, KD TI Chimeric gene construction without reference to restriction sites SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS C1 Baylor Coll Med, Plant Physiol Grp, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. RP Hirschi, KD (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Plant Physiol Grp, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [CHRC 5 P 30]; NIGMS NIH HHS [1R01 GM 57427] NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU EATON PUBLISHING CO PI NATICK PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD APR PY 2002 VL 32 IS 4 BP 736 EP + PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 539QD UT WOS:000174881200003 PM 11962592 ER PT J AU Stout, MJ Rice, WC Ring, DR AF Stout, MJ Rice, WC Ring, DR TI The influence of plant age on tolerance of rice to injury by the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE; HERBIVORY; INSECTICIDES; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH; YIELD AB For most plant species, tolerance to many types of herbivory increases as plants age, but the applicability of this pattern to root herbivory has not been tested. Injury to roots of rice plants by larvae of the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, causes severe reductions in yields in the United States. It is generally thought that young rice plants, because their root systems are smaller, are less tolerant than older plants of root feeding by L. oryzophilus. Field experiments were conducted to test this hypothesis. Plots of rice (4.7 to 6.5 m(2)) were established and subjected to natural infestations of L. oryzophilus larvae. A soil insecticide was applied to plots at different times during the tillering phase of rice in order to manipulate the timing of weevil infestation. The impact of these treatments (timings of insecticide applications) was assessed by comparing relationships between yield loss and larval pressure for each treatment using analysis of covariance. Yield losses ranged from 13% to over 40% in plots not treated with insecticide. Patterns of yield losses from plots treated with insecticide at different times were best explained by the hypothesis that yield loss is determined both by the age of plants infested and by the size of larvae infesting plants. Young plants appear to be less tolerant than older plants, and feeding by large larvae appears to be more deleterious than feeding by smaller larvae. Management practices that delay infestation of rice by L. oryzophilus until plants are older may be an important component of management programmes for this pest. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Rice Res Stn, USDA ARS, Crowley, LA 70527 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Cooperat Extens Serv, Baton Rouge, LA 70894 USA. RP Stout, MJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, 402 Life Sci Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 92 IS 2 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1079/BER2001147 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 549CK UT WOS:000175426800011 PM 12020377 ER PT J AU Hart, JP Jamieson, DH AF Hart, JP Jamieson, DH TI Estimating the weight of Wolves, Canis lupus, from chest girth measurements SO CANADIAN FIELD-NATURALIST LA English DT Editorial Material DE Wolf; Canis lupus; chest girth; Minnesota AB Regression equations relating weight with chest girth have been reported for a variety of wildlife species, but not Wolves (Canis lupus). We recorded the weights and chest girths of 114 Wolves taken in central and northern Minnesota between 1995 and 1997. Regression equations were developed for the estimation of Wolf weight from chest girth. A significant correlation existed between body weight and chest girth (r(2) = 0.815, n = 114, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between regression equations when grouped by sex. C1 USDA, Wildlife Serv, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. Arkansas State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Newport, AR 72112 USA. RP Hart, JP (reprint author), USDA, Wildlife Serv, 34912 US Highway 2, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OTTAWA FIELD-NATURALISTS CLUB PI OTTAWA PA PO BOX 35069, WESTGATE PO, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 1A2, CANADA SN 0008-3550 J9 CAN FIELD NAT JI Can. Field-Nat. PD APR-JUN PY 2002 VL 116 IS 2 BP 313 EP 314 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 661JB UT WOS:000181886500007 ER PT J AU Ohmann, JL Gregory, MJ AF Ohmann, JL Gregory, MJ TI Predictive mapping of forest composition and structure with direct gradient analysis and nearest-neighbor imputation in coastal Oregon, USA SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; PATTERNS; LANDSAT; IMAGERY; ATTRIBUTES; ABUNDANCE; STATES; MODEL AB Spatially explicit information on the species composition and structure of forest vegetation is needed at broad spatial scales for natural resource policy analysis and ecological research. We present a method for predictive vegetation mapping that applies direct gradient analysis and nearest-neighbor imputation to ascribe detailed ground attributes of vegetation to each pixel in a digital landscape map. The gradient nearest neighbor method integrates vegetation measurements from regional grids of field plots, mapped environmental data, and Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery. In the Oregon coastal province, species gradients were most strongly associated with regional climate and geographic location, whereas variation in forest structure was best explained by Landsat TM variables. At the regional level, mapped predictions represented the range of variability in the sample data, and predicted area by vegetation type closely matched sample-based estimates. At the site level, mapped predictions maintained the covariance structure among multiple response variables. Prediction accuracy for tree species occurrence and several measures of vegetation structure and composition was good to moderate. Vegetation maps produced with the gradient nearest neighbor method are appropriately used for regional-level planning, policy analysis, and research, not to guide local management decisions. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM johmann@fs.fed.us NR 48 TC 222 Z9 241 U1 5 U2 24 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 EI 1208-6037 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 32 IS 4 BP 725 EP 741 DI 10.1139/X02-011 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 548CX UT WOS:000175372000014 ER PT J AU Wargo, PM Minocha, R Wong, BL Long, RP Horsley, SB Hall, TJ AF Wargo, PM Minocha, R Wong, BL Long, RP Horsley, SB Hall, TJ TI Measuring changes in stress and vitality indicators in limed sugar maple on the Allegheny Plateau in north-central Pennsylvania SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID CAMBIAL ELECTRICAL-RESISTANCE; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BALSAM FIR TREES; RED SPRUCE TREES; ABIES L KARST; PLANT-TISSUES; INORGANIC-IONS; STARCH CONTENT; POLYAMINES; GROWTH AB A study established in 1985 in north-central Pennsylvania to determine effects of lime fertilization on declining sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) was evaluated in 1993 and showed that liming positively affected growth and crown vitality in sugar maple. This effect of lime on sugar maple offered an opportunity to assess other indicators of tree vitality and their response to lime additions. Foliar polyamines, starch and soluble sugars in root tissues, and cambial electrical resistance (CER) at breast height were evaluated. Foliar putrescine, soluble sugars, and CER decreased, while starch increased in lime-treated trees. Changes in these indicators were correlated with tree growth and crown vitality, which improved in limed plots. However, they were more highly correlated with lime-induced changes in foliar and soil elements and soil pH. Putrescine, soluble sugars, and CER decreased and starch increased, as Ca and Mg and molar ratios of Ca/Al and Mg/Mn increased and as Al and Mn decreased in both soil and foliage, and as soil pH increased. Results showed the beneficial effect of lime on tree vitality that was not reflected in visual assessments of crown vitality and demonstrated the potential utility of these physiological and biochemical measures as indicators of vitality in sugar maple. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forest Hlth Res, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Burlington, VT USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. Bur Forestry, Penn Dept Conservat & Nat Resources, Middletown, PA 17057 USA. RP Wargo, PM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Ctr Forest Hlth Res, 51 Mill Pond Rd, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. NR 62 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2002 VL 32 IS 4 BP 629 EP 641 DI 10.1139/X02-008 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 548CX UT WOS:000175372000006 ER PT J AU Elliott, KJ Boring, LR Swank, WT AF Elliott, KJ Boring, LR Swank, WT TI Aboveground biomass and nutrient accumulation 20 years after clear-cutting a southern Appalachian watershed SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID PLASMA EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; WESTERN NORTH-CAROLINA; PINE HARDWOOD STANDS; LITTER DECOMPOSITION; SUCCESSIVE CLEARCUTS; BLACK LOCUST; FOREST PRODUCTIVITY; VEGETATION PATTERNS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; WHOLE-TREE AB In 1975, we initiated a long-term interdisciplinary study of forest watershed ecosystem response to clear-cutting and cable logging in watershed 7 at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in the southern Appalachian Mountains of North Carolina. This paper describes approximately 20 years of change in species composition, aboveground biomass, leaf area index (LAI), and nutrient pools in the 59-ha mixed hardwood forest of watershed 7 following commercial clear-cutting in winter 1977. We measured woody species in 24 permanently marked plots before cutting in 1974 and during subsequent years (1977-1997). By 1997 (approximately 20 years after cutting), aboveground biomass was 81.7, 96.9, and 85.4 Mg.ha(-1) in the cove hardwood; mesic, mixed-oak; and dry, mixed-oak communities, respectively. Leaf biomass and LAI accumulated relatively faster than total aboveground biomass in all three communities. By 1984, only 7-8 years after cutting, leaf biomass and LAI were nearly equal to the amount estimated for the precut forest. In 1997, nitrogen accumulation was 36, 44, and 61% and phosphorus accumulation was 48, 66, and 59% in the cove-hardwoods; mesic, mixed-oak; and dry, mixed-oak communities of the corresponding precut communities, respectively. Potassium, calcium, and magnesium accumulations were less than either nitrogen or phosphorus accumulation. C1 US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, So Res Stn, USDA, Otto, NC 28763 USA. Joseph W Jones Ecol Res Ctr, Newton, GA 31770 USA. RP Elliott, KJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, So Res Stn, USDA, Otto, NC 28763 USA. NR 99 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 27 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2002 VL 32 IS 4 BP 667 EP 683 DI 10.1139/X02-009 PG 17 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 548CX UT WOS:000175372000009 ER PT J AU Weigel, DR Peng, CYJ AF Weigel, DR Peng, CYJ TI Predicting stump sprouting and competitive success of five oak species in southern Indiana SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID REGENERATION AB We measured 2188 oak trees (Quercus spp.) on the Hoosier National Forest in southern Indiana before and 1, 5, and 10 years after clear-cutting to determine the influence of parent tree age, diameter breast height, and site index on the probability that there was one or more living sprouts per stump: (i) 1 year after clear-cutting (sprouting probability) or (ii) that were competitively successful 5 or 10 years after clear-cutting (competitive success probability). We used logistic regression to develop predictive models for five species in each of the three measurement years. Two species were in the white oak group: white oak (Quercus alba L.) and chestnut oak (Qurcus prinus L.). Three species were in the red oak group: black oak (Quercus velutina Lam.), scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea Muenchh.), and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.). Black oak site index ranged from 15 to 25 m at an index age of 50 years on the study sites. Parent tree age and diameter at breast height were significant predictors in all models. Sprouting and competitive success probabilities decreased with increasing parent tree age and diameter at breast height. Increasing site index was a significant contributor of increasing sprouting probabilities for year 1 and competitive success probabilities for year 5. By year 10, site index was negatively related to competitive success for the white oaks but was not a significant predictor for the red oaks. The models have practical value for predicting the stump sprouting potential of oak stands in southern Indiana and possibly in ecologically similar regions. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Bedford, IN 47421 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Counseling & Educ Psychol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Weigel, DR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 811 Constitut Ave, Bedford, IN 47421 USA. EM dweigel@fs.fed.us NR 30 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD APR PY 2002 VL 32 IS 4 BP 703 EP 712 DI 10.1139/X02-042 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 548CX UT WOS:000175372000012 ER PT J AU Jensen, KB Johnson, DA Asay, KH Olson, KC AF Jensen, KB Johnson, DA Asay, KH Olson, KC TI Seasonal-accumulated growth and forage quality of range grasses for fall and winter grazing SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE range grasses; winter forage quality; yield; extending the grazing season ID CRESTED WHEATGRASS; FESCUE PRAIRIE; REGISTRATION; CATTLE AB The production and subsequent feeding of forage during winter is a major expense for livestock producers. Fourteen perennial range forage grasses including crested wheatgrass (WG) [Agropyron cristatum and A. desertorum], intermediate WG [Thinopyrum intermedium], tall WG [T ponticum], quackgrass [Elytrigia repens] X bluebunch WG [Pseudoroegneria spicata] RS hybrids, Altai [Leymus angustus] wildrye (WR), basin [L. cinereus] WR, smooth bromegrass [Bromus inermis], and orchardgrass [Dactylis glomerata] were evaluated from 1992 to 1994 for total dry matter (DM) production (November harvest only), crude protein (CP), neutral (NDF), and acid (ADF) detergent fiber from November through March in northern Utah. Mean species DM production rankings (P < 0.01) combined across years were: RS hybrids > smooth bromegrass > basin WR > Altai WR > intermediate WG > orchardgrass > tall WG > crested WG. Mean species CP rankings (P < 0.01) combined across years and harvests were tall WG > intermediate WG > orchardgrass > RS hybrids > crested WG > Altai WR > basin WR > smooth bromegrass. Levels of CP remained constant from November through March for all species and entries. Trends in NDF and ADF remained constant from November through January, but NDF increased slightly in March. Crude protein of the dormant grasses was below the level necessary to maintain ruminal function so protein supplementation would be necessary. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Anim Dairy & Vet Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Jensen, KB (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM kevin@cc.usu.edu NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 280 ALBERT ST, SUITE 900, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5G8, CANADA SN 0008-4220 EI 1918-1833 J9 CAN J PLANT SCI JI Can. J. Plant Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 82 IS 2 BP 329 EP 336 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 550NH UT WOS:000175508800008 ER PT J AU Joo, YS An, SH Kim, OK Lubroth, J Sur, JH AF Joo, YS An, SH Kim, OK Lubroth, J Sur, JH TI Foot-and-mouth disease eradication efforts in the Republic of Korea SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE LA English DT Article ID TAIWANESE; VIRUS AB On March 20, 2000, a suspected vesicular disease in cattle was reported to the National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service (NVRQS) of the Republic of Korea. This represented the index case of a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreak, which spread through several provinces. The Republic of Korea had been free of FMD for 66 years prior to the reintroduction of the virus and had recently suspended imports of pork and pork products from neighboring Japan owing to a reported FMD outbreak in that country. The Korean outbreak was ultimately controlled through the combination of preemptive slaughter, animal movement restrictions, and a strategy of ring vaccination. The purpose of this paper is to review the current FMD situation in Korea in the aftermath of its 2000 epizootic and how it may affect future efforts to eradicate or reduce risk of reintroduction of the disease into Korea. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Natl Vet Res & Quarantine Serv, Anyang, South Korea. RP Sur, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 11 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1, CANADA SN 0830-9000 J9 CAN J VET RES JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet. PD APR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 122 EP 124 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 544JN UT WOS:000175154600010 PM 11989734 ER PT J AU Polacco, M Coe, E Fang, ZW Hancock, D Sanchez-Villeda, H Schroeder, S AF Polacco, M Coe, E Fang, ZW Hancock, D Sanchez-Villeda, H Schroeder, S TI MaizeDB - a functional genomics perspective SO COMPARATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE database; maps; genome; phenotypes; agronomic traits; BLAST; comparative maps AB MaizeDB (http://www.agron.missouri.edu/) has existed since the early 90's as a genome-specific database that is grounded in genetic maps, their documentation and annotation. The database management system is robust and has continuously been Sybase. In this brief review we provide an introduction to the database as a functional genomics tool and new accesses to the data: 1) probe tables by bin location 2) BLAST access to map data 3) cMap, a comparative map graphical tool. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley a Sons Ltd. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Polacco, M (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, 203 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. OI Schroeder, Steven/0000-0001-9103-5150 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1531-6912 J9 COMPAR FUNCT GENOM JI Compar. Funct. Genom. PD APR PY 2002 VL 3 IS 2 BP 128 EP 131 DI 10.1002/cfg.157 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 548LF UT WOS:000175388900007 PM 18628892 ER PT J AU Jaiswal, P Ware, D Ni, JJ Chang, K Zhao, W Schmidt, S Pan, XK Clark, K Teytelman, L Cartinhour, S Stein, L McCouch, S AF Jaiswal, P Ware, D Ni, JJ Chang, K Zhao, W Schmidt, S Pan, XK Clark, K Teytelman, L Cartinhour, S Stein, L McCouch, S TI Gramene: development and integration of trait and gene ontologies for rice SO COMPARATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS LA English DT Review DE trait ontology; controlled vocabulary; plant ontology; gene ontology; comparative genomics; Oryza sativa; genome annotation; functional annotation ID COLINEARITY; GRASSES AB Gramene (http://www.gramene.org/) is a comparative genome database for cereal crops and a community resource for rice. We are populating and curating Gramene with annotated rice (Oryza sativa) genomic sequence data and associated biological information including molecular markers, mutants, phenotypes, polymorphisms and Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL). In order to support queries across various data sets as well as across external databases, Gramene will employ three related controlled vocabularies. The specific goal of Gramene is, first to provide a Trait Ontology (TO) that can be used across the cereal crops to facilitate phenotypic comparisons both within and between the genera. Second, a vocabulary for plant anatomy terms, the Plant Ontology (PO) will facilitate the curation of morphological and anatomical feature information with respect to expression, localization of genes and gene products and the affected plant parts in a phenotype. The TO and PO are both in the early stages of development in collaboration with the International Rice Research Institute, TAIR and MaizeDB as part of the Plant Ontology Consortium. Finally, as part of another consortium comprising macromolecular databases from other model organisms, the Gene Ontology Consortium, we are annotating the confirmed and predicted protein entries from rice using both electronic and manual curation. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Agr Bioinformat, Cornell Theory Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cold Spring Harbor Lab, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724 USA. RP McCouch, S (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, 418 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Jaiswal, Pankaj/H-7599-2016; OI Jaiswal, Pankaj/0000-0002-1005-8383; Teytelman, Lenny/0000-0001-8573-8351 NR 16 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1531-6912 J9 COMPAR FUNCT GENOM JI Compar. Funct. Genom. PD APR PY 2002 VL 3 IS 2 BP 132 EP 136 DI 10.1002/cfg.156 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 548LF UT WOS:000175388900008 PM 18628886 ER PT J AU Moore, S Payton, P Giovannoni, J AF Moore, S Payton, P Giovannoni, J TI Development and utilization of tomato microarrays for the Solanaceae SO COMPARATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS LA English DT Article C1 Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Moore, S (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1531-6912 J9 COMPAR FUNCT GENOM JI Compar. Funct. Genom. PD APR PY 2002 VL 3 IS 2 BP 164 EP 164 DI 10.1002/cfg.161 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 548LF UT WOS:000175388900014 PM 18628838 ER PT J AU Broadhurst, CL Wang, YQ Crawford, MA Cunnane, SC Parkington, JE Schmidt, WF AF Broadhurst, CL Wang, YQ Crawford, MA Cunnane, SC Parkington, JE Schmidt, WF TI Brain-specific lipids from marine, lacustrine, or terrestrial food resources: potential impact on early African Homo sapiens SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Physiological and Biological Adaptations to Australasian and Southern African Environments CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND DE arachidonic acid; brain nutrition; coastal origin; docosahexaenoic acid; evolution; savannah foods; sea foods ID POLYUNSATURATED FATTY-ACIDS; KLASIES RIVER MOUTH; MIDDLE STONE-AGE; PLEISTOCENE HUMAN REMAINS; UPPER SEMLIKI VALLEY; FORMULA-FED INFANTS; SOUTH-AFRICA; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; PRETERM INFANTS AB The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition of the mammalian central nervous system is almost wholly composed of two long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA). PUFA are dietarily essential, thus normal infant/neonatal brain, intellectual growth and development cannot be accomplished if they are deficient during pregnancy and lactation. Uniquely in the human species, the fetal brain consumes 70% of the energy delivered to it by mother. DHA and AA are needed to construct placental and fetal tissues for cell membrane growth, structure and function, Contemporary evidence shows that the maternal circulation is depleted of AA and DHA during fetal growth. Sustaining normal adult human brain function also requires LC-PUFA. Homo sapiens is unlikely to have evolved a large, complex, metabolically expensive brain in an environment which did not provide abundant dietary LC-PUFA. Conversion of 18-carbon PUFA from vegetation to AA and DHA is considered quantitatively insufficient due to a combination of high rates of PUFA oxidation for energy, inefficient and rate limited enzymatic conversion and substrate recycling. The littoral marine and lacustrine food chains provide consistently greater amounts of pre-formed LC-PUFA than the terrestrial food chain. Dietary levels of DHA are 2.5-100 fold higher for equivalent weights of marine fish or shellfish vs. lean or fat terrestrial meats. Mammalian brain tissue and bird egg yolks, especially from marine birds, are the richest terrestrial sources of LC-PUFA. However, land animal adipose fats have been linked to vascular disease and mental ill-health. whereas marine lipids have been demonstrated to be protective. At South African Capesites, large shell middens and fish remains are associated with evidence for some of the earliest modern humans. Cape sites dating from 100 to 18 kya cluster within 200 km of the present coast. Evidence of early H. sapiens is also found around the Rift Valley lakes and up the Nile Corridor into the Middle East; in some cases there is an association with the use of littoral resources. Exploitation of river, estuarine, stranded and spawning fish, shellfish and sea bird nestlings and eggs by Homo could have provided essential dietary LC-PUFA for men, women, and children without requiring organized hunting/fishing, or sophisticated social behavior. It is however, predictable from the present evidence that exploitation of this food resource Would have provided the advantage in multi-generational. brain development which would have made possible the advent of H. sapiens. Restriction to land based foods as postulated by the savannah and other hypotheses would have led to degeneration of the brain and vascular system as happened without exception in all other land based apes and mammals as they evolved larger bodies. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N London, Inst Brain Chem & Human Nutr, London N7 8DB, England. Univ Cape Town, Dept Archaeol, ZA-7700 Cape Town, South Africa. Univ Toronto, Dept Nutrit Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada. ARS, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Crawford, MA (reprint author), Univ N London, Inst Brain Chem & Human Nutr, 166-222 Holloway Rd, London N7 8DB, England. NR 157 TC 132 Z9 145 U1 5 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 131 IS 4 BP 653 EP 673 AR PII S1096-4959(02)00002-7 DI 10.1016/S1096-4959(02)00002-7 PG 21 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 540BK UT WOS:000174908100009 PM 11923081 ER PT J AU Valles, SM Woodson, WD AF Valles, SM Woodson, WD TI Insecticide susceptibility and detoxication enzyme activities among Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki workers sampled from different locations in New Orleans SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE formosan subterranean termite; detoxication enzymes; insecticide selection; Coptotermes formosanus; control; cypermethrin; chlordane; chlorpyrifos ID EASTERN SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE; RHINOTERMITIDAE; ISOPTERA; PERMETHRIN; ESTERASES; BAIT AB Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki worker termites were sampled from 20 location:; in the City Park area of New Orleans, LA. The termites were subsequently assayed to determine their susceptibility to cypermethrin. chlordane and chlorpyrifos, and detoxication enzyme activity. Cypermethrin was most toxic against Formosan subterranean termite workers, chlorpyrifos exhibited intermediate toxicity and chlordane was least toxic. A comparison of insecticide susceptibility between the most and least tolerant colonies revealed 1.9-, 1.7- and 1.8-fold differences in susceptibility for cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and chlordane, respectively. As with the bioassay data, although significant differences were noted, a great deal of overlap was observed among the colonies for total cytochrome P450 content (difference of 2.2-fold between high and low value) aldrin epoxidation (3.6-fold) and cytosolic esterase (3.9-fold) activity. No significant differences were observed among the colonies for methoxyresorufin O-demethylase or glutathione S-transferase activity. Conversely, microsomal esterase activity varied greatly; a 38-fold difference was observed between the most (Cf1776) and least (Cf1387) active colonies. However, no significant correlation was observed between insecticide susceptibility and microsomal esterase activity. In fact, no significant correlations were observed between any of the enzyme activities measured and insecticide susceptibility. These results are discussed in the context of insecticide selection and future control effectiveness. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Valles, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 131 IS 4 BP 469 EP 476 AR PII S1532-0456(02)00031-5 DI 10.1016/S1532-0456(02)00031-5 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 549DY UT WOS:000175430300008 PM 11976062 ER PT J AU Chalfoun, AD Thompson, FR Ratnaswamy, MJ AF Chalfoun, AD Thompson, FR Ratnaswamy, MJ TI Nest predators and fragmentation: a review and meta-analysis SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ARTIFICIAL GROUND NESTS; FOREST-DOMINATED LANDSCAPE; EAST-CENTRAL ILLINOIS; NEW-SOUTH-WALES; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; RAIN-FOREST; BIRD POPULATIONS; SMALL MAMMALS; NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT; PATCH SIZE AB Population declines of many avian species are often attributed to increased rates of nest predation in fragmented landscapes, yet mechanisms underlying these effects have rarely been examined. We reviewed the literature to determine the extent to which hypotheses about nest predators and fragmentation have been invoked and compared this to the number of direct tests of predators with respect to habitat edge, Patch size, or landscape type. We also conducted a meta-analysis of tested predator effects to evaluate whether predator responses-numerical, functional, or species richness-to fragmentation depend on spatial scale (edge, Patch, or landscape), landscape type, geographic region, or predator taxa. We found 120 papers containing hypotheses about nest Predators and fragmentation, but only 31 with hypothesis; tests.;. Most tests were of a single predator species or guild, whereas most cited hypotheses generalized across broader taxonomic groups. Results of predator tests were variable, but some general patterns were evident. Predator effects, including increased abundance, activity, or species richness in edges, small patches, or certain landscapes, were more prevalent (1) in tests conducted at the landscape scale than at the local scale, (2) in agricultural landscapes than in predominantly forested landscapes, (3) in certain biogeographic regions, and (4) for avian predators than for mammalian predators. Local-scale (edge and patch) effects were most common when the land surrounding patches was agricultural and when tests were conducted within agricultural landscapes. The response of nest predators to fragmentation is complex, taxon-specific, and context-dependent. Conservation efforts for declining avian species may therefore need to be customized according to the nest-predator species primarily responsible for local nest mortality and the nature of the landscape mosaic. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Chalfoun, AD (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Cooperat Wildlife Res Unit, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM annac@selway.umt.edu NR 144 TC 299 Z9 314 U1 14 U2 144 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2 BP 306 EP 318 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00308.x PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 537GP UT WOS:000174750800009 ER PT J AU Park, BS Lee, SE Choi, WS Jeong, CY Song, C Cho, KY AF Park, BS Lee, SE Choi, WS Jeong, CY Song, C Cho, KY TI Insecticidal and acaricidal activity of pipernonaline and piperoctadecalidine derived from dried fruits of Piper longum L. SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE insecticidal activity; pipernonaline; piperoctadecalidine; Spodoptera litura; Tetranychus urticae ID AMIDES AB Toxicities of two piperidine alkaloids, pipernonaline and piperoctadecalidine, isolated from Piper longum L. were determined against five species of arthropod pests. The most potent insecticidal activities of both alkaloids, pipernonaline (LD50 = 125 mg/l) and piperoctadecalidine (LD50=95.5mg/l), were against Spodoptera litura F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Both alkaloids also showed insecticidal activities towards Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Sternorrhynche: Aphididae). Piperoctadecalidine (LD50 = 246 mg/l) but not pipernonaline showed acaricidal activity against Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Neither compound showed insecticidal effects on Nilaparvata lugens Stal (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae) or Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidopetera: Yponomeutoidae). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Protect Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Soonchunhyang Univ, Dept Life Sci, Asan 337745, Chungnam, South Korea. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Korea Res Inst Chem Technol, Screening Div, Daejeonsi 305600, South Korea. RP Lee, SE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Protect Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. OI Lee, Sung-Eun/0000-0001-7690-9956 NR 14 TC 32 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD APR PY 2002 VL 21 IS 3 BP 249 EP 251 AR PII S0261-2194(01)00079-5 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(01)00079-5 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 536VP UT WOS:000174722800007 ER PT J AU Upchurch, RG Rose, MS Eweida, M Callahan, TM AF Upchurch, RG Rose, MS Eweida, M Callahan, TM TI Transgenic assessment of CFP-mediated cercosporin export and resistance in a cercosporin-sensitive fungus SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE cercosporin resistance; major facilitator; heterologous gene expression ID OXYGEN-GENERATING PHOTOSENSITIZERS; COCHLIOBOLUS-HETEROSTROPHUS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; EFFLUX PUMP; GENE; TOXIN; NICOTIANAE AB Cercosporin is a toxic polyketide produced by many phytopathogenic members of the fungal genus Cercospora. Cercospora species, themselves, exhibit the highest level of self-resistance to this almost universally toxic photosensitizer. Although the mechanism of cercosporin self-resistance is multi-faceted, partial resistance does appear to be provided by the encoded product of CFP (cercosporin facilitator protein), a gene recently isolated from the pathogen of soybean, C. kikuchii. CFP has significant similarity to the major facilitator superfamily of integral membrane transport proteins. We expressed CFP in the cercosporin non-producing, cercosporin-sensitive fungus, Cochliobolus heterostrophus, in order to assess the transport activity of CFP and the contribution of CFP to cercosporin resistance in a fungal species free of endogenous toxin production. Expression of the CFP transgene in this fungus results in increased resistance to cercosporin due, apparently, to its export out of the fungus. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Syngenta Biotechnol Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Princess Margaret Hosp, Ontario Canc Inst, Div Cellular & Mol Biol, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada. Lake Erie Coll Osteopath Med, Erie, PA 16509 USA. RP Upchurch, RG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD APR PY 2002 VL 41 IS 1 BP 25 EP 30 DI 10.1007/s00294-002-0280-4 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 555JP UT WOS:000175791200004 PM 12073097 ER PT J AU Bai, C Vick, BA Yi, SX AF Bai, C Vick, BA Yi, SX TI Characterization of a new Bacillus thuringiensis isolate highly active against Cochylis hospes SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INSECTICIDAL CRYSTAL PROTEINS; SUNFLOWER MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; PURIFICATION AB A new bacterial isolate, 00-50-5, from sunflower head extracts was identified as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) according to its morphology. Bt isolate 00-50-5 was highly active against the banded sunflower moth (BSM), Cochylis hospes Walsingham. A sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) 4-15% gradient get of whole strain protein of 00-50-5 revealed six proteins with molecular masses (M-r) of 133, 80, 60, 27, 15, and 14 kDa. SDS-PAGE of pH 4.2-precipitated proteins (PP) or activated proteins formed by adding the BSM larval gut protease at 1:50 (wt/wt, protease/PP) showed five bands, including two major proteins of M-r 60 kDa and 27 kDa, and three small peptides Of M-r 15, 13, and 7 kDa. The BSM larval gut protease was able to completely digest the proteins when present at a high ratio (10:1, wt/wt. protease/PP). The 60- and 27-kDa proteins could be digested by subtilisin Carlsberg at ratios of 1:50 or 1: 1 (wt/wt, protease/PP), but neither BSM larval gut protease nor trypsin was effective at the same ratios. Three small peptides Of Mr 15, 13, and 7 kDa were digested by the gut protease at a ratio of 1: 1 (wt/wt). The N-terminal sequence of 1-31 amino acid residues for the 27-kDa protein showed 96.7% homology to a 31-amino acid fragment from camelysin, a protease from B. cereus, indicating that the 27-kDa protein may be a camelysin and a novel active protein against BSM. C1 USDA ARS, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Univ N Dakota, Dept Biol, Box 9019, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. EM cheng.bai@und.nodak.edu NR 27 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0343-8651 EI 1432-0991 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 44 IS 4 BP 280 EP 285 DI 10.1007/s00284-001-0003-y PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 529TZ UT WOS:000174316400010 PM 11910499 ER PT J AU Quail, PH AF Quail, PH TI Photosensory perception and signalling in plant cells: new paradigms? SO CURRENT OPINION IN CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LIGHT RECEPTOR CRYPTOCHROME-2; DISRUPTS CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; PHYTOCHROME-A; GENE-EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; NUCLEAR IMPORT; BZIP PROTEIN; ARABIDOPSIS; ENCODES; TRANSDUCTION AB Plants monitor informational light signals using three sensory photoreceptor families: the phototropins, cryptochromes and phytochromes. Recent advances suggest that the phytochromes act transcriptionally by targeting light signals directly to photoresponsive promoters through binding to a transcriptional regulator. By contrast, the cryptochromes appear to act post-translationally, by disrupting extant proteosome-mediated degradation of a key transcriptional activator through direct binding to a putative E3 ubiquitin ligase, thereby elevating levels of the activator and consequently of target gene expression. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Quail, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 47475] NR 83 TC 185 Z9 202 U1 2 U2 14 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0955-0674 J9 CURR OPIN CELL BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 2 BP 180 EP 188 DI 10.1016/S0955-0674(02)00309-5 PG 9 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 527NZ UT WOS:000174193300008 PM 11891117 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM Mooser, V AF Ordovas, JM Mooser, V TI The APOE locus and the pharmacogenetics of lipid response SO CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-E POLYMORPHISM; HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; SERUM-LIPIDS; E PHENOTYPE; ASSOCIATION; GENOTYPE; WOMEN AB Genetic variation at the APOE locus has been associated with plasma lipoprotein concentrations in the fasting (low-density, and high-density lipoproteins and triglycerides), and in the postprandial (triglyceride-rich lipoproteins) states. Resulting from these associations, the APOE locus has been found to be a significant genetic determinant of cardiovascular disease in the general population. Beyond the traditional association studies, APOE genetic variation has been shown to play a significant role, which explains some of the individual variations in therapies aimed at normalizing plasma lipid concentrations. Thus, the APOE E4 allele has been shown in some studies to be associated with increased response to dietary intervention. Conversely, APOE E2 carriers appear to be more responsive to statin therapy. The mechanisms behind these observations, however, have not been elucidated. Moreover, several other gene: environment and gene: therapy interactions have recently been demonstrated, thus further increasing the interest in this remarkable apolipoprotein. Cum Opin Lipidol 13:113-117. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Lausanne Hosp, Dept Internal Med B, Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776]; PHS HHS [1-38038] NR 21 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0957-9672 J9 CURR OPIN LIPIDOL JI Curr. Opin. Lipidology PD APR PY 2002 VL 13 IS 2 BP 113 EP 117 DI 10.1097/00041433-200204000-00001 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 540BW UT WOS:000174909400001 PM 11891412 ER PT J AU Buckler, ES Thornsberry, JM AF Buckler, ES Thornsberry, JM TI Plant molecular diversity and applications to genomics SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE LOCUS; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; DNA POLYMORPHISM; NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; RECOMBINATION RATES; SEQUENCE DIVERSITY; ISOMERASE LOCUS; PGIC LOCUS; ADH1 LOCUS AB Surveys of nucleotide diversity are beginning to show how genomes have been shaped by evolution. Nucleotide diversity is also being used to discover the function of genes through the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) in structured populations, the positional cloning of strong QTL, and association mapping. C1 USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Buckler, ES (reprint author), USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 64 TC 180 Z9 197 U1 1 U2 21 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 5 IS 2 BP 107 EP 111 DI 10.1016/S1369-5266(02)00238-8 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 525WL UT WOS:000174097000004 PM 11856604 ER PT J AU Mullet, JE Klein, RR Klein, PE AF Mullet, JE Klein, RR Klein, PE TI Sorghum bicolor - an important species for comparative grass genomics and a source of beneficial genes for agriculture SO CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PHYTOCHROME-B; ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; SEQUENCE; MAP; COLINEARITY; EXCEPTIONS; MECHANISM; MAIZE; DNA AB A high-resolution genetic, physical, and cytological map of the sorghum genome is being assembled using AFLP DNA marker technology, six-dimensional pooling of BAC libraries, cDNA mapping technology, and cytogenetic analysis. Recent advances in sorghum comparative genomics and gene-transfer technology are accelerating the discovery and utilization of valuable sorghum genes and alleles. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Mullet, JE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1369-5266 J9 CURR OPIN PLANT BIOL JI Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 5 IS 2 BP 118 EP 121 DI 10.1016/S1369-5266(02)00232-7 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 525WL UT WOS:000174097000006 PM 11856606 ER PT J AU Progar, RA Schowalter, TD AF Progar, RA Schowalter, TD TI Canopy arthropod assemblages along a precipitation and latitudinal gradient among Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesii forests in the Pacific Northwest of the United States SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID OLD-GROWTH; CLIMATIC GRADIENT; WESTERN OREGON; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; VEGETATION; RESPONSES; ENVIRONMENTS; HERBIVORY; DIVERSITY AB Insects are particularly sensitive to environmental conditions and can serve as responsive indicators of changing climatic patterns and habitat conditions. However, changes in patterns of abundance over environmental gradients in forest ecosystems are poorly known. To examine landscape patterns of invertebrate assemblages, arboreal arthropods were collected during two seasons (spring and summer) by bagging branches from the lower, middle and upper canopy levels from six stands in nine second-growth (100similar to150 yr old) forests and old-growth (500 yr old) forests in Washington and Oregon. Detrended correspondence analysis and multi-response permutation procedure showed that the composition of the canopy assemblages varied significantly with latitude, precipitation and tree age. Indicator analysis was used to assess each taxon's importance in response to the environmental variables. Individual taxa showed associations with latitudinal and precipitation gradients, and between old-growth and mature Douglas-fir. These effects may be used to anticipate the impacts of climate change or land use scenarios on the spatial patterns of forest invertebrate assemblages. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Entomol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Progar, RA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Hlth Protect, Boise Field Off, 1249 S Vinnell Way,Suite 200, Boise, ID 83709 USA. NR 47 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD APR PY 2002 VL 25 IS 2 BP 129 EP 138 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0587.2002.250201.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 540KQ UT WOS:000174928500001 ER PT J AU Donovan, TM Flather, CH AF Donovan, TM Flather, CH TI Relationships among north American songbird trends, habitat fragmentation, and landscape occupancy SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE area sensitivity; Breeding Bird Survey; forest passerines; habitat fragmentation; habitat selection; landscape occupancy; macroecology; neotropical migratory birds; population trends ID BREEDING BIRD SURVEY; OVENBIRD SEIURUS-AUROCAPILLUS; FOREST FRAGMENTS; NESTING SUCCESS; MIGRATORY BIRDS; INSECTIVOROUS SONGBIRDS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; PAIRING SUCCESS; WOOD THRUSH; AREA AB Fragmentation of breeding habitat has been hypothesized as a cause of population declines in forest-nesting migratory birds. Negative correlations between the degree of fragmentation and bird density or fecundity at local or regional scales support the fragmentation hypothesis. Yet, in spite of reduced fecundity and densities in fragmented systems, many forest-nesting passerine species have increased in numbers over time. We hypothesized that range-wide population change in species for which habitat fragmentation negatively affects reproductive success should depend on the proportion of the population that actually occupies fragmented landscapes. We predicted that fragmentation-sensitive species (e.g., species that occur in reduced densities in fragmented landscapes) should increase globally in numbers at a greater rate than species that readily occupy fragmented landscapes, because fragmentation-sensitive distributions place a large proportion of the global population in contiguous landscapes that are superior for breeding. We used Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data and associated landscape metrics, to test this prediction for 10 species of forest-nesting passerines in the United States that experience reproductive dysfunction associated with habitat fragmentation: Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus), Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus), Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), Worm-eating Warbler (Helmitheros vermivorus), Kentucky Warbler (Oporornis formosus), Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea), Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea), Acadian Flycatcher (Empidonax virescens), and Hooded Warbler (Wilsonia citrina). Our approach was to: (1) quantify landscape features associated with BBS routes across the eastern United States, (2) classify landscapes around BBS routes as "fragmented" or "contiguous," (3) estimate the proportion of detected individuals that occurred in fragmented landscapes on a species-by-species basis, and then (4) associate 10-yr trends for each species, with the proportion of breeding individuals occupying fragmented landscapes. Regression analysis indicated a significant, negative relationship between the proportion of the breeding population occupying fragmented landscapes and the population trend from 1970 to 1980. Although this result links habitat fragmentation to population change and provides support for the fragmentation hypothesis, other factors (e.g., land use change, weather, varying life history traits, varying winter survivorship, habitat amount thresholds) could generate similar results. More work is needed to partition the relative influence of these factors on regional bird population dynamics if conservationists are to understand more clearly the effects of fragmentation on the distribution and abundance of species across their ranges. C1 SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Donovan, TM (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, USGS Vermont Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Aiken Ctr 311, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RI Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 87 TC 78 Z9 87 U1 4 U2 77 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 BP 364 EP 374 DI 10.2307/3060948 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 532EC UT WOS:000174457800006 ER PT J AU Gustafson, EJ Knutson, MG Niemi, GJ Friberg, M AF Gustafson, EJ Knutson, MG Niemi, GJ Friberg, M TI Evaluation of spatial models to predict vulnerability of forest birds to brood parasitism by Cowbirds SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE brood parasitism; Brown-headed Cowbirds; forest birds; forest edges; fragmentation; Molothrus ater; neotropical migratory songbirds; risk; scale; spatial models ID BROWN-HEADED COWBIRDS; NEOTROPICAL MIGRANT; MIGRATORY BIRDS; UNITED-STATES; LANDSCAPE; HABITAT; SUCCESS; EDGE; FRAGMENTATION; PATTERNS AB We constructed alternative spatial models at two scales to predict Brownheaded Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism rates from land cover maps. The local-scale models tested competing hypotheses about the relationship between cowbird parasitism and distance of host nests from a forest edge (forest-nonforest boundary). The landscape models tested competing hypotheses about how landscape features (e.g., forests, agricultural fields) interact to determine rates of cowbird parasitism. The models incorporate spatial neighborhoods with a radius of 2.5 km in their formulation, reflecting the scale of the majority of cowbird commuting activity. Field data on parasitism by cowbirds (parasitism rate and number of cowbird eggs per nest) were collected at 28 sites in the Driftless Area Ecoregion of Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa and were compared to the predictions of the alternative models. At the local scale, there was a significant positive relationship between cowbird parasitism and mean distance of nest sites from the forest edge. At the landscape scale, the best fitting models were the forest-dependent and forest-fragmentation-dependent models, in which more heavily forested and less fragmented landscapes, had higher parasitism rates. However, much of the explanatory power of these models results from the inclusion of the local-scale relationship in these models. We found lower rates of cowbird parasitism than did most Midwestern studies, and we identified landscape patterns of cowbird parasitism that are opposite to those reported in several other studies of Midwestern songbirds. We caution that cowbird parasitism patterns can be unpredictable, depending upon ecoregional location and the spatial extent, and that our models should be tested in other ecoregions before they are applied there. Our study confirms that cowbird biology has a strong spatial component, and that improved spatial models applied at multiple spatial scales will be required to predict the effects of landscape and forest management on cowbird parasitism of forest birds. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. USGS, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Biol, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. Univ Minnesota, Conservat Biol Grad Program, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gustafson, EJ (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. EM egustafson@fs.fed.us NR 57 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 BP 412 EP 426 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0412:EOSMTP]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 532EC UT WOS:000174457800010 ER PT J AU Bosch, J Vicens, N AF Bosch, J Vicens, N TI Body size as an estimator of production costs in a solitary bee SO ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE body size; Hymenoptera; Megachilidae; Osmia cornuta; parental investment; provision size; sex allocation ID LIGNARIA-PROPINQUA HYMENOPTERA; OSMIA-CORNUTA LATR; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; NESTING SUCCESS; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; FEMALE SIZE; SEX-RATIO; MEGACHILIDAE; WASPS; ANTS AB 1. Body weight is often used as an estimator of production costs in aculeate Hymenoptera; however, due to differences between sexes in metabolic rates and water content, conversion of provision weight to body weight may differ between males and females. As a result, the cost of producing female progeny may often have been overestimated. 2. Provision weight and body weight loss throughout development were measured in a solitary bee, Osmia cornuta (Latreille), to detect potential differences between sexes in food weight/body weight conversion. 3. Male O. cornuta invest a larger proportion of larval weight in cocoon spinning, and presumably have higher metabolic rates than females during the larval period; however, this is compensated by a slightly longer larval period in females. 4. Overall, body weight loss throughout the life cycle does not differ significantly between sexes. As a result, cost production ratios calculated from provision weights and from adult body weights are almost identical. 5. The validity of other weight (cocoon, faeces) and linear (head width, intertegular span, wing length, cocoon length, and cell length) measures as estimators of production costs is also discussed. 6. Valid estimators of production costs vary across species due to differences in sex weight ratio, cocoon shape, provision size in reference to cell size, and adult body size. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Dept Biol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Barcelona, Fac Biol, Dept Biol Anim, E-08007 Barcelona, Spain. RP Bosch, J (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Bee Biol & Systemat Lab, Dept Biol, Old Main Hill 5310, Logan, UT 84322 USA. OI Bosch , Jordi/0000-0002-8088-9457 NR 54 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 25 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6946 J9 ECOL ENTOMOL JI Ecol. Entomol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 27 IS 2 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2311.2002.00406.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 543XB UT WOS:000175126300001 ER PT J AU Cam, E Nichols, JD Hines, JE Sauer, JR Alpizar-Jara, R Flather, CH AF Cam, E Nichols, JD Hines, JE Sauer, JR Alpizar-Jara, R Flather, CH TI Disentangling sampling and ecological explanations underlying species-area relationships SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE capture-recapture; habitat diversity; nested species-area relationships; sampling artifacts; species detection probability ID CAPTURE PROBABILITIES VARY; ANIMAL COMMUNITIES; ROBUST ESTIMATION; RECAPTURE MODELS; POPULATION-SIZE; RICHNESS; HETEROGENEITY; DIVERSITY; EXTINCTION; ABUNDANCE AB We used a probabilistic approach to address the influence of sampling artifacts on the form of species-area relationships (SARs). We developed a model in which the increase in observed species richness is a function of sampling effort exclusively. We assumed that effort depends on area sampled, and we generated species-area curves under that model. These curves can be realistic looking. We then generated SARs from avian data, comparing SARs based on counts with those based on richness estimates. We used an approach to estimation of species richness that accounts for species detection probability and, hence, for variation in sampling effort, The slopes of SARs based on counts are steeper than those of curves based on estimates of richness, indicating that the former partly reflect failure to account for species detection probability. SARs based on estimates reflect ecological processes exclusively, not sampling processes. This approach permits investigation of ecologically relevant hypotheses. The slope of SARs is not influenced by the slope of the relationship between habitat diversity and area. In situations in which not all of the species are detected during sampling sessions, approaches to estimation of species richness integrating species detection probability should be used to investigate the rate of increase in species richness with area. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. RP Cam, E (reprint author), Univ Bretagne Occidentale, Lab Biol Anim, F-29285 Brest, France. RI Alpizar-Jara, Russell/N-7270-2013; Flather, Curtis/G-3577-2012 OI Alpizar-Jara, Russell/0000-0001-8806-3345; Flather, Curtis/0000-0002-0623-3126 NR 74 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 28 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2002 VL 83 IS 4 BP 1118 EP 1130 DI 10.2307/3071918 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 533HP UT WOS:000174523800022 ER PT J AU Resh, SC Binkley, D Parrotta, JA AF Resh, SC Binkley, D Parrotta, JA TI Greater soil carbon sequestration under nitrogen-fixing trees compared with Eucalyptus species SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE carbon accretion; carbon retention; carbon sequestration; Eucalyptus; Hawaii; isotopes; nitrogen-fixing trees; Puerto Rico; soil organic carbon ID LEAF-LITTER DECOMPOSITION; LAND-USE CHANGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; CASUARINA-EQUISETIFOLIA; LEUCAENA-LEUCOCEPHALA; ALBIZIA-FALCATARIA; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; GRASSLAND SOILS; SITE FERTILITY; MONTANE FOREST AB Forests with nitrogen-fixing trees (N-fixers) typically accumulate more carbon (C) in soils than similar forests without N-fixing trees. This difference may develop from fundamentally different processes, with either greater accumulation of recently fixed C or reduced decomposition of older soil C. We compared the Soil C Pools under N-Fixers with Eucalyptus (non-N-fixers) at four tropical sites: two sites on Andisol soils in Hawaii and two sites on Vertisol and Entisol soils in Puerto Rico. Using stable carbon isotope techniques, we tracked the loss of the old soil organic C from the previous C-4 land use (SOC4) and the gain of ne v soil organic C from the C-3, N-fixer, and non-N-fixer plantations (SOC3). Soils beneath N-fixing trees sequestered 0.11 +/- 0.07 kg m(-2) y(-1) (mean +/- one standard error) of total soil organic carbon (SOCT) compared with no change under Eucalyptus (0.00 +/- 0.07 kg m(-2) y(-1); P = 0.02). About 55% of the greater SOCT Sequestration under the N-fixers resulted from greater retention of old SOC4 and 45% resulted from greater accretion of new SOC3. Soil N accretion under the N-fixers explained 62% of the variability of the greater retention of old SOC4 under the N-fixers. The greater retention of older soil C tinder N-fixing trees is a novel finding and may be important for strategies that use reforestation or afforestation to offset C emissions. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Resh, SC (reprint author), 3342A Kauhana Pl, Honolulu, HI 96816 USA. NR 68 TC 140 Z9 157 U1 5 U2 63 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD APR PY 2002 VL 5 IS 3 BP 217 EP 231 DI 10.1007/s10021-001-0067-3 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554AD UT WOS:000175709800001 ER PT J AU Wimberly, MC Spies, TA AF Wimberly, MC Spies, TA TI Landscape- vs gap-level controls on the abundance of a fire-sensitive, late-successional tree species SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Tsuga heterophylla; western hemlock; fire; gap dynamics; seed dispersal; old growth; simulation; historical legacy ID CANOPY GAPS; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; PACIFIC NORTHWEST; SPATIAL-PATTERN; NATIONAL-PARK; FORESTS; DISTURBANCE; DISPERSAL; MOUNTAINS AB Tsuga heterophylla (western hemlock), a fire-sensitive, late-successional tree species, is an important component of old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest, USA. In the Oregon Coast Range, however, T. heterophlylla occurs at low densities in or is completely absent from many conifer stands. We used a cellular automata-based simulation model to explore the influences of the fire regime and gap disturbances on T. heterophylla dynamics at a landscape scale. The abundance of T. heterophlylla in the Simulated landscape was particularly sensitive to variation in fire return interval and fire severity. T. heterophylla was less sensitive to canopy gap return interval, probability of recruitment in canopy gaps, and the probability of rare long-distance dispersal events. Relatively short periods of high fire frequency caused a rapid and persistent decline in the amount of T. heterophylla in the landscape. Based on the simulation results, we propose two new hypotheses. The first is that landscape-level constraints imposed by the frequency, severity, and pattern of wildfires will limit the potential for gaplevel processes to affect T. heterophylla regeneration patterns at the landscape scale. The second, related hypothesis is that legacies of cumulative Fire effects will have a strong influence on the subsequent development of late-successional forest structure. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wimberly, MC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM wimberly@forestry.uga.edu OI Wimberly, Michael/0000-0003-1549-3891 NR 64 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD APR PY 2002 VL 5 IS 3 BP 232 EP 243 DI 10.1007/s10021-001-0068-2 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554AD UT WOS:000175709800002 ER PT J AU Hughes, RF Kauffman, JB Cummings, DL AF Hughes, RF Kauffman, JB Cummings, DL TI Dynamics of aboveground and soil carbon and nitrogen stocks and cycling of available nitrogen along a land-use gradient in Rondonia, Brazil SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE tropical forests; Brazilian Amazon; land-use change; aboveground and soil C and N pools; soil inorganic N; net nitrification; net N-mineralization ID EASTERN AMAZONIA; NUTRIENT POOLS; PASTURE INSTALLATION; NITRIFICATION RATES; ORGANIC-CARBON; RAIN-FOREST; DEFORESTATION; BIOMASS; VEGETATION; TRANSFORMATIONS AB High rates of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon have the potential to alter the storage and cycling of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) across this region. To investigate the impacts of deforestation, we quantified total aboveground biomass (TAGB), aboveground and soil pools of C and N, and soil N availability along a land-Use gradient in Rondonia, Brazil, that included standing primary forest, slashed primary and secondary forest, shifting cultivation, and pasture sites. TAGB decreased substantially with increasing land use, ranging from 311 and 399 Mg ha(-1) (primary forests) to 63 Mg hat (pasture). Aboveground C and N pools declined in patterns and magnitudes similar to those of TAGB. Unlike aboveground pools, soil C and N concentrations and pools did not show consistent declines in response to land use. Instead, C and N concentrations were strongly related to percent clay content of soils. Concentrations of NO3-N and NH4-N generally increased in soils following slash-and-burn events along the land-use gradient and decreased with increasing land use. increasing land use resulted in marked declines in NO3-N pools relative to NH4-N pools. Rates of net nitrification and N-mineralization were also generally higher in postfire treatments relative to prefire treatments along the land-use gradient and declined with increasing land use. Results demonstrate the linked responses of aboveground C and N pools and soil N availability to land use in the Brazilian Amazon; steady reductions in above ground pools along the land-use gradient were accompanied by declines in inorganic soil N pools and transformation rates. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Hughes, RF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, USDA, 23 E Kawili St, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RI El Husny, Chafic/G-5410-2012 NR 50 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD APR PY 2002 VL 5 IS 3 BP 244 EP 259 DI 10.1007/s10021-001-0069-1 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554AD UT WOS:000175709800003 ER PT J AU Imakawa, K Tamura, K Lee, RSF Ji, YJ Kogo, H Sakai, S Christenson, RK AF Imakawa, K Tamura, K Lee, RSF Ji, YJ Kogo, H Sakai, S Christenson, RK TI Temporal expression of type I interferon receptor in the peri-implantation ovine extra-embryonic membranes: demonstration that human IFN alpha can bind to this receptor SO ENDOCRINE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE IFN tau; IFN alpha; IFN receptor; trophoblast; implantation ID TROPHOBLAST PROTEIN-1; EARLY-PREGNANCY; GROWTH-FACTOR; ESTROUS-CYCLE; TAU; SHEEP; ENDOMETRIUM; COMPLEX; IDENTIFICATION; RECOGNITION AB Interferon-tau (IFNtau), produced by the trophectoderm of ruminant ungulates, binds to the type 1 IFN receptor (IFNAR) located at the uterine endometrium in a paracrine manner. Since IFNtau attenuates the secretory pattern of an endometrial luteolysin, prostaglandin F-2alpha, IFNtau has been considered as a conceptus factor implicated in the process of maternal recognition of pregnancy. Here we report the presence of IFNAR subunit (IFNAR1) in ovine conceptuses during the period of peri-implantation development and demonstrate that I-125-human (h) IFNalpha binds to membrane preparations from ovine corpus luteum and conceptus. Using an antibody against hIFNAR1, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that IFNAR1 protein was present in day 14 and 16 conceptuses (day 0 = day of estrus) and luminal and glandular epithelia of the endometrium. Conceptus membrane proteins analyzed by western blot with the same antibody displayed immunoreactive bands at 95, 60 and 55 kDa while endometrial membrane proteins showed bands at 200, 95 and 55 kDa. Northern blot analysis revealed that IFNAR1 mRNA was present in days 15-19 conceptuses and day 18-19 allantoic membranes. Receptor binding studies indicated that I-125-hIFNalpha binding to day 16, but not earlier, conceptus membrane proteins could be displaced with hIFNalpha or ovine IFNtau. Based on Scatchard analysis, day 16 conceptus membranes contained 28 fmol IFNAR/mg protein with a dissociation constant of 300 pM. Cross-linking experiments demonstrated that I-125-hIFNalpha-receptor complex migrated at 120 kDa, indicating that the receptor component(s) was approximately 100 kDa. These data provide evidence that although the binding does not occur until day 16, ovine conceptuses possess IFNAR1 near or at the time of implantation, suggesting that IFNtau, a factor produced by the trophectoderm of ruminant ungulates, could act on the conceptus in an autocrine manner. In addition to functioning as an antiluteolytic factor, therefore, IFNtau may have a direct effect on conceptus development. C1 Univ Tokyo, Fac Agr, Lab Anim Breeding, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. Tokyo Univ Pharm & Life Sci, Dept Pharmacol, Tokyo 1920392, Japan. AgRes, Ruakura Agr Res Ctr, Hamilton, New Zealand. ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Imakawa, K (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Fac Agr, Lab Anim Breeding, Bunkyo Ku, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. NR 33 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU JAPAN ENDOCRINE SOCIETY PI TOKYO PA C/O DEPT VETERINARY PHYSIOL, VET MED SCI, UNIV TOKYO, 1-1-1 YAYOI, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113, JAPAN SN 0918-8959 J9 ENDOCR J JI Endocr. J. PD APR PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2 BP 195 EP 205 DI 10.1507/endocrj.49.195 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 545QR UT WOS:000175229400013 PM 12081239 ER PT J AU Hagler, JR Miller, E AF Hagler, JR Miller, E TI An alternative to conventional insect marking procedures: detection of a protein mark on pink bollworm by ELISA SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE insect marking; protein marking; ELISA; antibodies; dispersal; mark-release-recapture; Pectinophora gossypiella ID DISPERSAL; PARASITOIDS; RUBIDIUM AB Four experiments were conducted to examine the feasibility of marking pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) with rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) protein for mark-release-recapture studies. Pink bollworm were internally marked by feeding larvae an enriched rabbit IgG diet or externally marked by submerging pupae and spraying adults. Individuals were then assayed for the presence of rabbit IgG by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using anti-rabbit IgG. The internal marker was retained in larvae and retained in prepupae and pupae, but not in adults. A second experiment showed that rabbit IgG was retained on adults that were externally marked as pupae. A third series of tests examined the feasibility of externally marking adults with rabbit IgG. Rabbit IgG was retained on externally marked adults for six days in the field. Protein was retained on marked moths in the laboratory after they were captured on and removed from sticky traps. Finally, laboratory tests showed that large groups of externally marked moths transferred rabbit IgG to unmarked moths, but individual males do not readily transfer the protein to unmarked females in small vials. C1 ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, USDA, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Hagler, JR (reprint author), ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, USDA, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 25 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD APR PY 2002 VL 103 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.2002.00952.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 586LC UT WOS:000177584600001 ER PT J AU Pfannenstiel, RS Yeargan, KV AF Pfannenstiel, RS Yeargan, KV TI Identification and diel activity patterns of predators attacking Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) eggs in soybean and sweet corn SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Helicoverpa zea; Hemiptera; Coccinellidae; predation; diel activity; diurnal ID COLEOMEGILLA-MACULATA COLEOPTERA; COCCINELLIDAE POPULATION-DENSITY; OSTRINIA-NUBILALIS LEPIDOPTERA; WITHIN-PLANT DISTRIBUTION; VELVETBEAN CATERPILLAR; BODDIE LEPIDOPTERA; HEMIPTERA; COTTON; ANTHOCORIDAE; CANNIBALISM AB Predation on lepidopteran eggs in soybean and corn and the temporal partitioning of predation among the predator species were examined in soybean Glycine max (L.) and sweet corn Zea mays (L.). The complex of predators feeding on lepidopteran eggs [Helicoverpa zea (Boddie)] and the key predators discovered in this study were different in each crop. The dominant predator in each crop was consistent from year to year but the secondary predators varied in importance. Nabids were the dominant predator group in soybean contributing 51 and 50% of the observed predation events in 1993 and 1994, respectively. The coccinellid, Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer), was the dominant predator in corn contributing 43.9 and 46.3% of the observed predation events in 1993 and 1994, respectively. Other predators causing greater than or equal to10% of the observed predation events included Geocoris punctipes Say and the Phalangiidae in soybean, and the nabids, Orius insidiosus Say and Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) in sweet corn. All predators observed feeding exhibited taxa specific diel patterns of predation. C. maculata, O. insidiosus and G. punctipes were primarily day active, with 75, 85.7, and 100% of observed predation events occurring during daylight hours, respectively. Nabids were primarily nocturnal with 84.2% of predation events happening at night. Phalangiids, Clubiona abbotii Koch, Lygus lineolaris, and the elaterids were only observed preying upon H. Zea eggs nocturnally. Because the dominant predators and their diel activity varied between crops, the period of peak egg predation did also. Egg predation was usually higher during the day in corn and at night in soybean. Crop, date, and time of day all affected intensity of predation on H. zea eggs. Predation in both crops increased through the beginning of August and then declined on the last sampling date. Predation was usually higher in corn than in soybean (three of four sample dates). However, when anthesis was occurring in corn plots, predation rates in soybean and corn were similar. Apparently the availability of sweet corn pollen as an alternative food source for C. maculata caused a reduction in egg predation. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Entomol, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. RP Pfannenstiel, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 40 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 23 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2 BP 232 EP 241 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-31.2.232 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 599GN UT WOS:000178325900006 ER PT J AU Elliott, NC Kieckhefer, RW Michels, GJ Giles, KL AF Elliott, NC Kieckhefer, RW Michels, GJ Giles, KL TI Predator abundance in alfalfa fields in relation to aphids, within-field vegetation, and landscape matrix SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coccinellidae; aphids; landscape structure; natural enemies; predator-prey interaction; alfalfa ID AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE; GREENBUGS HOMOPTERA; NATURAL ENEMIES; ARTHROPOD PESTS; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; COLEOPTERA; COMMUNITY; COMPLEX; DENSITY AB We used multiple regression modeling to investigate the numerical response by the predatory insects Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, H, parenthesis (Say), and C. septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Chrysoperla plorabunda (Fitch) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), and Nabis americoferus Carayon (Hemiptera: Nabidae) to aphids during 5 yr in three geographically separated alfalfa fields in eastern South Dakota. Regression models for abundance of adults of all species were significant. Regression models for miniature H. convergens, H. parenthesis, and C. septempunctata were significant,but regression models for immature C. plorabunda and N. americoferus were not significant. Regression parameters differed among the three fields for most predator species, indicating that the numerical response was dependent on geographical location. To obtain insight into why the numerical response by predators differed among fields we determined how the abundance of predators in alfalfa fields was influenced by the landscape surrounding a field and the vegetation in it. Variables describing the complexity of the landscape surrounding alfalfa fields and the plant community in the fields entered into regression models for predator abundance and explained a greater proportion of the variance in predator abundance than aphid abundance did. We conclude that the structure of the landscape matrix plays an important role in determining the abundance of aphid predators in alfalfa fields, as does the plant community in a field. These effects can sometimes overshadow the direct numerical response by predators to aphids. C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Elliott, NC (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Lab, 1301 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 33 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 17 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2 BP 253 EP 260 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-31.2.253 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 599GN UT WOS:000178325900008 ER PT J AU Blackmer, JL Lee, LL Henneberry, TJ AF Blackmer, JL Lee, LL Henneberry, TJ TI Factors affecting egg hatch, development, and survival of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) reared on an artificial feeding system SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bemisia tabaci; artificial diet; environmental parameters; oviposition; insect-plant interaction ID TABACI; IDENTIFICATION; CHAMBER; PEDICEL AB Improvements in the way Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring is managed have led to reduced whitefly populations in the southwest United States. However, the potential of the silverleaf whitefly to develop new biotypes, as well as its apparently increasing role in virus transmission, makes it a persistent threat in many parts of the world. Characteristics such as biotype formation and vector competency are at least partially explained by the host range of B. argentifolii. Consequently, a better understanding of the factors that play a role in the host acceptance]process and subsequent development of this pest could lead to novel control strategies. Here we used a newly developed artificial feeding system that consists of a polycarbonate chamber, equipped with a Teflon membrane, and filled with a sterilized artificial diet, to determine how biotic and abiotic factors influenced egg hatch, crawler establishment, and development of B. argentifolii. Egg age significantly influenced hatch rates, and to a lesser extent survival and development of nymphs reared on the artificial diet. Five- to six-day-old eggs had higher hatch rates, and nymphs survived longer and developed faster than nymphs from younger or older eggs. There were negative associations between the number of eggs placed on the membranes and both hatch rate and establishment of crawlers. Eggs oviposited on and then subsequently removed from plants held under long-day conditions (14:10 [L:D] h) or high light intensity (approximate to36,000 lux) had higher hatch rates than eggs oviposited under short-day conditions (10:14 [L:D] h) or low light intensity (approximate to11,000 lux). Long-day conditions during oviposition also significantly enhanced survival of nymphs through day 20 and developmental rate for day 6 counts. Light intensity, at least for the range tested here, did not significantly affect development or survival of whitefly nymphs. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Blackmer, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 7 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2 BP 306 EP 312 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-31.2.306 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 599GN UT WOS:000178325900015 ER PT J AU Sampson, BJ Stringer, SJ Spiers, JM AF Sampson, BJ Stringer, SJ Spiers, JM TI Integrated pest management for Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae) in blueberry SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dasineura oxycoccana; Vaccinimn; Syrphidae; parasitoids; biological control; insecticides ID SORGHUM MIDGE; LIFE-HISTORY; SORGHICOLA AB The ecology and control for the little-understood, blueberry bud-infesting gall midge Dasineura oxycoccana (Johnson) was studied to help reduce an estimated 20 - 80% blueberry crop loss due to this insect in the southern United States. Principal natural enemies were eulophid wasps, 85% of which were Aprostocetus (Perkins). Overall parasitism rate was 7% in the field, at times peaking around 34%. A 75% decline in the abundance of larval D. oxycoccana coincided with parasitoid activity between April to September. Larval Toxomerus geminatus (Say) Metz (Syrphidae) were early-season predators of immature D. oxycoccana. Prey handling took 3-10 min, with each predator eating approximately seven gall midge larvae in a 16-h period. Prebloom applications of malathion would be effective larvicides against D. oxycoccana, inducing 94% mortality in 24 h. A microbial-based alternative to malathion, spinosad, induced average mortality of 46% in 24 h. Spinosad was as effective as phosmet (50% mortality in 24 h) for D. oxycoccana control. Patterns of host plant resistance to D. oxycoccana were not obvious among 26 cultivars, accessions and species of Vacciniun. Additionally, the use of a dormancy-breaking compound, hydrogen cyanamide, could also have a deleterious side-effect: boosting gall midge populations and spurring 50% greater infestation of D. oxycoccana larvae in rabbiteye blueberry buds. C1 ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, USDA, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. RP Sampson, BJ (reprint author), ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, USDA, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. EM bsampson@ars.usda.gov NR 49 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ANNAPOLIS PA 3 PARK PLACE, STE 307, ANNAPOLIS, MD 21401-3722 USA SN 0046-225X EI 1938-2936 J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2 BP 339 EP 347 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-31.2.339 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 599GN UT WOS:000178325900019 ER PT J AU Legg, DE Van Vleet, SM Ragsdale, DW Hansen, RW Lloyd, JE AF Legg, DE Van Vleet, SM Ragsdale, DW Hansen, RW Lloyd, JE TI Phenology models for first emergence of adult Apthona nigriscutis (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent of leafy spurge (Euphorbiaceae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Apthona nigriscutis; biological control; functional lower developmental thresholds; linear degree-day phenology models ID LOWER DEVELOPMENTAL THRESHOLDS; NUT CASEBEARER LEPIDOPTERA; CALCULATING DEGREE-DAYS; PYRALIDAE ACTIVITY; FIELD AB Afield study was conducted to calculate the functional lower developmental threshold and cumulative required degree-days for first emergence of adult Apthona nigriscutis Foudras, a classical biological control agent of the exotic weed leafy spurge Euphorbia esula L. The study was conducted in Wyoming, Montana, and Minnesota from 1991 through 1999 and made use of the computer program, CALFUN (version 2.0), to estimate the thresholds and required degree-days. Five different methods were used to calculate degree-days, and two kinds of estimates (mean and median) were made for functional lower developmental threshold and required degree-days. In all, 10 phenology models were developed. When we tested these for their accuracy in predicting adult A. nigriscutis first emergence, those that used the historical or sine wave methods for calculating degree-days, and those that used median functional lower developmental thresholds and required degree-days, provided the best predictions. Based on these findings, we suggest using the median functional lower developmental threshold from the historical (-2.56degreesC) or sine wave (0.14degreesC) methods to calculate degree-days. Then, when cumulative degree-days approach 1,189.2degreesC (historical method) or 898.5degreesC (sine wave method), the onset of adult A. nigriscutis emergence should be imminent. A computer program was written for use by spurge managers so they can easily determine when first emergence of adult A. nigriscutis is likely to begin. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Montana State Univ, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, APHIS, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Legg, DE (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2 BP 348 EP 353 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-31.2.348 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 599GN UT WOS:000178325900020 ER PT J AU Suh, CPC Orr, DB Van Duyn, JW Borchert, DM AF Suh, CPC Orr, DB Van Duyn, JW Borchert, DM TI Influence of cotton microhabitat on temperature and survival of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera : Trichogrammatidae) within cardboard capsules SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cotton; microclimate; microhabitat; Trichogramma augmentation; augmentative biological control ID EXIGUUM HYMENOPTERA; SUPPRESSION AB Field studies were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to determine the most suitable release sites in cotton for inundatively released encapsulated Trichogramma exiguum Pinto & Platner. Atypical applications of a plant growth regulator, mepiquat chloride (Pix), were used to manipulate cotton plant size and canopy closure to produce a range of plant sizes that might be present in North Carolina when Trichogramma releases for suppression of third-generation (F-3) heliothines were made. Pix treatments had a significant effect on canopy closure, which significantly influenced the number of hours soil surface temperatures between rows were greater than or equal to35degreesC. The mean daily number Of hours temperatures were greater than or equal to35degreesC was greatest on the soil surface between rows, followed by in the canopy, then soil surface within rows. A significant correlation between the number of hours preimaginal Trichogramma were exposed to temperatures greater than or equal to35degreesC and Trichogramma emergence was found in 1997. Consequently, suitability of the soil surface as a release site for Trichogramma capsules depended significantly on the level of canopy closure, location of capsules relative to the center of rows, and length of time capsules remained in the field before parasitoid emergence. Our results indicate that these factors should be considered when implementing augmentative releases of Trichogramma wasps in cotton. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Suh, CPC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, APMRU, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2 BP 361 EP 366 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-31.2.361 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 599GN UT WOS:000178325900022 ER PT J AU De Almeida, MAF Do Prado, AP Geden, CJ AF De Almeida, MAF Do Prado, AP Geden, CJ TI Influence of temperature on development time and longevity of Tachinaephagus zealandicus (Hymenoptera : Encyrtidae), and effects of nutrition. and emergence order on longevity SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tachinaephagus zealandicus; muscoid flies; temperature; longevity; development rate ID MUSCIDIFURAX-RAPTOR HYMENOPTERA; VARIABLE TEMPERATURES; SPALANGIA-CAMERONI; PTEROMALIDAE; PARASITOIDS; CONSTANT; GEMINA; MODELS; PUPAE; RATES AB Tachinaephagus zealandicus Ashmead is a gregarious endoparasitoid that attacks third instars of muscoid flies in the Southern Hemisphere. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the influence of six constant temperatures (16, 18, 20, 22, 25, and 27degreesC) on development time, the influence of emergence order on longevity, and the effects of temperature and food treatment on longevity. Emergence success was greatest at 22degreesC for both males and females; significantly fewer (24.1-30.4%) parasitoids emerged at 16 and 25degreesC compared with 22degreesC. Development time ranged from 24.0 to 56.9 d for both sexes. No emergence was observed at 27degreesC. Early-emerging parasitoids had greater longevity than parasitoids that emerged later from the same cohorts. The longevity of females given honey and water decreased with increasing temperature, and those reared at 16degreesC lived about three times longer than those kept at 27degreesC. Females given honey and water had similar longevities at 16-20degreesC, and females that were given only water lived for only 4.8-7.6 d at all temperatures. Females lived significantly longer overall than males at all temperatures except 16degreesC, but differences due to sex were small compared with the effects of temperature and nutrition. Further investigations will be necessary to determine the climatic zones in which T zealandicus is most likely to be an effective biological control agent of muscoid flies. C1 Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Parasitol, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, Med & Vet Entomol Res Lab, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP De Almeida, MAF (reprint author), Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Parasitol, CP 6109, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. EM cgeden@nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu NR 25 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2 BP 375 EP 380 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 599GN UT WOS:000178325900024 ER PT J AU Wang, CL Powell, JE Nguyen, K AF Wang, CL Powell, JE Nguyen, K TI Laboratory evaluations of four entomopathogenic nematodes for control of subterranean termites (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reticulitermes flavipes; Coptotermes formnosanus; entomopathogenic nematodes; biological control ID METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; FIELD; RETICULITERMES; GREENHOUSE; POPULATION; GRUBS AB The infectivity of four species of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) [Breton strain], Steinernema riobrave Cabanillas, Poinar & Raulston [Weslaco strain], Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar [HP88 strain], and Heterorhabditis indica Poinar, Karunakar & David [Coimbatore strain] was examined in the laboratory against two subterranean termites: Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) and Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. In petri dish tests, they were all effective against C. formosanus at greater than or equal to400 nematodes per termite. Steinernema riobrave had no detectable effect against R.flavipes even at a rate of 2,000 nematodes per termite. The virulence of the nematodes for R.flavipes was H. indica > H. bacteriophora > S. carpocapsae > S. riobrave. The virulence of the nematodes for C. formosanus was H. indica and H. bacteriophora > S. carpocapsae and S. riobrave at alpha=0.10 level. The LD50 of H. indica against R. flavipes in petri dishes and in containers with vermiculite/ sand medium were 296 (95% FL: 231-353) and 264 (95% FL: 176-344) nematodes per termite, respectively. The LD50 of H. bacteriophora against R. flavipes in petri dishes was 494 (95% FL: 357-625) nematodes per termite. Heterorhabditis indica repelled termites at high concentrations in sand and vermiculite medium. The length of repellency varied with the nematode concentration. Nematodes were able to reproduce from R. flavipes and C. formosanus. The possibility of using nematodes to control termites is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Wang, CL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Ctr Urban & Ind Pest Management, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. OI Wang, Changlu/0000-0003-0214-7236 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2 BP 381 EP 387 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-31.2.381 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 599GN UT WOS:000178325900025 ER PT J AU Greenberg, SM Jones, WA Liu, TX AF Greenberg, SM Jones, WA Liu, TX TI Interactions among two species of Eretmocerus (Hymenoptera : Aphelinidae), two species of whiteflies (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae), and tomato SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eretmocerus; whitefly; tritrophic; parasitoids; biological control; tomato ID PARASITE-HOST RELATIONSHIP; ENCARSIA-FORMOSA; BEMISIA-TABACI; GREENHOUSES; IDENTIFICATION; BIOLOGY AB Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the influence of two tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Miller) varieties ('Trust' and 'Floridade') on the biology of two whitefly species, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), and the interactions of host plant and whiteflies on the biology and parasitization of two parasitoid species, Eretmocerus eremicus Rose & Zolnerowich (native) and Eramocerus mundus Mercet (exotic). Natural mortality, developmental time, and fecundity of B. argentifolii were not significantly different from those of T vaporariorum on either tomato variety. The two species of Eretmocerus responded differently to the whitefly hosts. Eretmocerus mundus developed significantly faster, produced more progeny, and had greater parasitism and rate of emergence in B. argentifolii than in T. vaporariorum. Eretmocerus eremicus performed similarly on both whitefly species except that its females deposited more eggs in B. argentifolii than in T vaporariorum nymphs. Females of both parasitoid species emerging from T vaporariorum were significantly larger than those emerged from B. argentifolii. Tomato variety had no significant effect on the two parasitoid species. Eretmocerus eremicus attack both whiteflies efficiently and it can be used as a single species for whitefly management. C1 USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Greenberg, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika de la Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 14 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2 BP 397 EP 402 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-31.2.397 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 599GN UT WOS:000178325900027 ER PT J AU Geden, CJ AF Geden, CJ TI Effect of habitat depth on host location by five species of parasitoids (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae, Chalcididae) of house flies (Diptera : Muscidae) in three types of substrates SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Musca domestica; Muscidifurax raptor; Spalangia gemina; Spalangia cameroni; Spalangia endius; Dihrinus himalayanus ID MUSCIDIFURAX-RAPTOR HYMENOPTERA; MUSCA-DOMESTICA DIPTERA; LAYER POULTRY HOUSES; CENTRAL NEW-YORK; CONFINED BEEF-CATTLE; SPALANGIA-CAMERONI; STABLE FLIES; FLY DIPTERA; DAIRY FARMS; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT AB Four species of pteromalid parasitoids [Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders, Spalangia cameroni Perkins, Spalangia endius Walker, Spalangia gemina Boucek, and the chalcidid Dirhinus himalayanus (Masi)] were evaluated for their ability to locate house fly pupae at various depths in poultry manure (41% moisture), fly rearing medium (43% moisture), and sandy soil (4% moisture) from a dairy farm. Searching activity in manure was largely confined to the surface (M. raptor, D. himalayanus, and S. gemina) or to depths of up to 2 cm below the surface (S. endius, S. cameroni). S. cameroni was the most effective species at locating buried pupae in manure. All of the species searched over a wider range of habitat depths in fly rearing medium, although M. raptor and S. gemina tended to concentrate their searching activity relatively close to the surface of the substrate. Host attacks by these species at 6 cm were 30-40% lower than on the surface of the medium. S. endius searched uniformly at all depths in rearing medium and S. cameroni bad highest rates of host attacks 1-2 cm below the surface of this substrate. The parasitoids displayed considerable fidelity to their search patterns regardless of whether or not they were given a choice of habitat depths in which they could find pupae. None of the parasitoids were effective at attacking fly pupae that were buried in sandy soil at any depth. The results suggest that fly larvae that pupate in the sandy soils typical of Florida's coastal plains are relatively impervious to attack by pupal parasitoids. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Geden, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 14 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2 BP 411 EP 417 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-31.2.411 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 599GN UT WOS:000178325900029 ER PT J AU Maggio, A Dalton, FN Piccinni, G AF Maggio, A Dalton, FN Piccinni, G TI The effects of elevated carbon dioxide on static and dynamic indices for tomato salt tolerance SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY LA English DT Article DE Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.; salinity; CO2; water use efficiency ID SALINITY STRESS; CO2 ENRICHMENT; PLANT-ROOTS; GROWTH; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; WATER; ACCUMULATION; RESPONSES AB Although there is consensus that water use efficiency increases at elevated concentrations of CO2, there are few studies on the interacting effects of elevated CO2 on plant salt tolerance. The objectives of this study were, (1) to determine the effect of ambient and twice ambient concentrations of CO2 on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) responses to salinity; (2) to compare the salt tolerance threshold values based on the classic root zone salinity [J. Irrig. Div. ASCE 103, (1977) 115], or ion flux to the shoot, a measure recently defined as Salinity Stress Index (SSI) by Dalton et al. [Plant Soil 192 (1997) 307; Plant Soil 219 (2000) 1; Plant Soil 229 (2001) 189]. For all salinities, the water use of the twice ambient CO2 treatment was significantly reduced. The effect of twice ambient CO2 was to increase the root zone salinity threshold value from 32 to 51 mmol dm(-3) Cl. The threshold SSI value of 1.05 mmol Cl per g shoot DW for the twice ambient CO2 treatment was almost identical to that of the ambient treatment and to those previously obtained when plant growth was modulated by root temperature (SSI = 1.19 and 1.10 at 25 and 18 degreesC, respectively [Plant Soil 192 (1997) 307]) and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) (SSI = 0.97 and 1.10 at 400 and 600 mumol m(-2) s(-1) PPFD respectively [Plant Soil 229 (2001) 189]). The twice ambient CO2 treatment showed a slightly lower root/shoot ratio (0.138 +/- 0.001) than the ambient CO2 treatment (0.156 +/- 0.014). Consistent with the predictions of the SSI, leaf chloride per plant and leaf chloride concentration showed significant reduction for the twice ambient CO2 treatment which follows from the supposition that water and salt uptake are linked. Based on the SSI, it was shown that the intrinsic salt tolerance of tomato is invariant to an increase in atmospheric CO2 as has been previously shown for root temperature and solar radiation, while at the same time, the root zone salinity threshold value is dependent on environmental factors. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ENEA, Natl Ctr Innovat Technol Energy & Environm, I-75026 Rotondella MT, Italy. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Soil & Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Agr Res Ctr, Uvalde, TX 78801 USA. USDA, ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Maggio, A (reprint author), ENEA, Natl Ctr Innovat Technol Energy & Environm, CR Trisaia,SS Jonica Km 419-500, I-75026 Rotondella MT, Italy. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1161-0301 J9 EUR J AGRON JI Eur. J. Agron. PD APR PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 197 EP 206 AR PII S1161-0301(01)00128-9 DI 10.1016/S1161-0301(01)00128-9 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 539LZ UT WOS:000174872800003 ER PT J AU Maragos, CM Jolley, ME Nasir, MS AF Maragos, CM Jolley, ME Nasir, MS TI Fluorescence polarization as a tool for the determination of deoxynivalenol in wheat SO FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS LA English DT Article DE deoxynivalenol; vomitoxin; fluorescence polarization; immunoassay ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MYCOTOXINS DEOXYNIVALENOL; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; WHITE FLOUR; 15-ACETYLDEOXYNIVALENOL; IMMUNOASSAY; EXTRACTION AB The mould Fusarium graminearum is found worldwide as a pathogen of cereal grains, in particular of wheat and maize, and it produces a mycotoxin known as deoxynivalenol (DON or vomitoxin). Each year, the presence of this compound and related trichothecenes causes substantial losses to agricultural productivity. Rapid methods for the measurement of the toxin in grains are required to monitor and divert effectively contaminated grain from the food supply. A fluorescence polarization (FP) immunoassay using a previously described monoclonal antibody for DON was developed. The assay was based on the competition of unlabeled DON from a sample with a fluorescently tagged DON, DON-fluorescein (DON-FL), for a DON-specific monoclonal antibody in solution. The FP of the tagged DON was increased upon binding with the antibody. In the presence of free toxin, less of the DON-FL was bound and the polarization signal was decreased. The assays were very simple to perform, requiring only mixing of an aqueous extract of wheat with the DON-FL and antibody. The sensitivity of the assay was strongly dependent upon the time between mixing of the sample with the tracer and measurement of the fluorescence polarization, with midpoints for the competition curves ranging from 0.03 mug ml(-1) with a 15-s incubation to >1 mug ml(-1) with a 12-min incubation. Samples of wheat naturally contaminated with DON were evaluated by FP and by an HPLC-UV method, with a good correlation (r(2) = 0.97). Although the FP method tended to overestimate DON slightly in the wheat samples, by similar to20%, the assay was easy to use and very useful for the screening of wheat. C1 ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Diachemix Corp, Grayslake, IL 60030 USA. RP Maragos, CM (reprint author), ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 32 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-203X J9 FOOD ADDIT CONTAM JI Food Addit. Contam. PD APR PY 2002 VL 19 IS 4 BP 400 EP 407 DI 10.1080/02652030110092612 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 533TZ UT WOS:000174547600010 PM 11962698 ER PT J AU Garthoff, LH Henderson, GR Sager, AO Sobotka, TJ Gaines, DW O'Donnell, MW Chi, R Chirtel, SJ Barton, CN Brown, LH Hines, FA Solomon, T Turkleson, J Berry, D Dick, H Wilson, F Khan, MA AF Garthoff, LH Henderson, GR Sager, AO Sobotka, TJ Gaines, DW O'Donnell, MW Chi, R Chirtel, SJ Barton, CN Brown, LH Hines, FA Solomon, T Turkleson, J Berry, D Dick, H Wilson, F Khan, MA TI Pathological evaluation, clinical chemistry and plasma cholecystokinin in neonatal and young miniature swine fed soy trypsin inhibitor from 1 to 39 weeks of age SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE soy; trypsin inhibitor; miniature swine; pancreas; autosow ID PANCREATIC EXOCRINE SECRETION; NEGATIVE-FEEDBACK-REGULATION; RAT PANCREAS; ENZYME SECRETION; ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE; SHORT-TERM; CHYMOTRYPSIN ACTIVITIES; RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; PROTEASE INHIBITOR; GROWING SWINE AB The potential toxicity of dietary soy trypsin inhibitor (TI) was evaluated in neonatal miniature swine. From I to 6 weeks of age, two groups of male piglets were artificially reared in an Autosow and automatically fed either TI or control liquid diet. From 6 to 39 weeks of age, these two groups were fed either TI or control chow diet. A third group, sow control (SC), suckled from birth to 6 weeks of age, were also weaned to control chow from 6 to 39 weeks of age. Clinical chemistry and plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) determined at 6, 18, 30 and 39 weeks of age, and serum amylase activity with gross and histopathological analyses of major organs at 6 and 39 weeks of age are reported. TI had no effect on plasma CCK, serum amylase activity, or numerous clinical chemistry values. TI-fed piglets had a larger relative liver weight at 6 weeks of age. Relative pancreas weight decreased with age but was not affected by TI. Gross and histopathological analyses of major organs, except the spleen, were within normal limits. Increased incidence of extramedullary hematopoiesis was noted in the spleen of the TI group at 6 but not at 39 weeks of age. There was no consistent pattern in immunohistochemical foci for secretin, gastrin releasing polypeptide or CCK, and no change in DNA, RNA, mitotic index or nuclear density of pancreatic cells. At 6 weeks of age, TI increased pancreatic protein and amylase activity but not trypsin or chymotrypsin activity. None of the effects suggested that this dose of TI was toxic to either the neonatal or sexually mature miniature male swine. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Off Appl Res & Safety Assessment, Div Toxicol Res & Nutr Prod Studies,Muirkirk Res, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Div Math, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Off Sci Anal & Support, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Vet Adm, Kansas City, MO 64108 USA. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Garthoff, LH (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Off Appl Res & Safety Assessment, Div Toxicol Res & Nutr Prod Studies,Muirkirk Res, 8301 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 123 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 4 BP 501 EP 516 AR PII S0278-6915(01)00121-1 DI 10.1016/S0278-6915(01)00121-1 PG 16 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 544HN UT WOS:000175152300007 PM 11893409 ER PT J AU Fett, WF AF Fett, WF TI Factors affecting the efficacy of chlorine against Esherichia coli O157 : H7 and Salmonella on alfalfa seed SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL TREATMENTS; KILLING SALMONELLA; SPROUTS; OUTBREAK; ACID; HYPOCHLORITE; GROWTH; H7 AB Factors affecting the efficacy of chlorine treatment for elimination of bacterial pathogens from laboratory-inoculated alfalfa seed the ability of chlorine to eliminate Salmonella Muenchen from naturally contaminated alfalfa seed and the effect of chlorine treatment on germination of several types of sprouting seed were evaluated. Initial water temperature (15, 22 or 40degreesC) did not affect the rate or amount of free chlorine released from Ca(OCl)(2) during 30 min of stirring. Residual chlorine was detected after 15 min of stirring at the highest ratio of seed to volume of chlorine [50 g seed to 50ml of 3% (w/v) Ca (OCl)(2)] tested. Of the 29 types of sprouting seed treated for 10 min with buffered (to pH 6.8) 3.0% Ca(OCl)(2), only the germination of spelt and hard soft and Kamut wheat was drastically reduced. Treatment (10 min) of laboratory-inoculated seed with buffered (to pH 68) 2.5 or 3.0% (w/v) Ca(OCl)(2) along with water rinses both before and after treatment led to a significant reduction (3.9-4.5 log cfu g(-1)) of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella, but not their elimination. Efficacy of chlorine treatment was reduced in the absence of buffer. Altering treatment times to 5 or 20 min did not affect treatment efficacy. A 1h presoak of seed in tap water before chlorine treatment was beneficial but led to a greatly reduced germination percentage after treatment. Addition of low levels of surfactant had no effect on treatment efficacy. Treatment (10 min with continuous agitation) of alfalfa seed naturally contaminated with Salmonella Muenchen with buffered or unbuffered 3.0% (w/v) Ca(OCl)(2), but not with buffered 0.3% (w/v) Ca(OCl)(2), eliminated the pathogen from the seed. C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA USA. RP Fett, WF (reprint author), USDA ARS, ERRC, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA USA. NR 30 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD APR-JUN PY 2002 VL 19 IS 2-3 BP 135 EP 149 DI 10.1006/fmic.2001.0476 PG 15 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 564VH UT WOS:000176333900003 ER PT J AU Byrne, CM Bolton, DJ Sheridan, JJ Blair, IS McDowell, DA AF Byrne, CM Bolton, DJ Sheridan, JJ Blair, IS McDowell, DA TI Determination of the effect of sodium lactate on the survival and heat resistance of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in two commercial beef patty formulations SO FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; SHELF-LIFE; YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; THERMAL-RESISTANCE; WATER ACTIVITY; LIVER SAUSAGE; MEAT; O157-H7; INACTIVATION AB The effect of 4% sodium lactate (NaL) in beefburger patty formulations on the survival and heat resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was investigated. Fresh beef trimmings were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 to a concentration of 6.0-7.0 log(10) cfu g(-1) and subjected to the processing stages of beefburger patty production. Two commercial beefburger patty formulations were produced: a 'quality' patty (100% beef) and an 'economy' patty (70% beef 30% other ingredients, including onion, water, salt, seasoning, rusk and soya concentrate). Sodium lactate (4% w/v) was added to the beefburger patties during mincing and the formed patties were frozen and stored for 1 month. Beefburger patties without added NaL were used as controls. After frozen storage for I month, patties were examined for E. coli O157:H7 counts. There was a synergistic effect between freezing and NaL, which resulted in a small but significant reduction (P < 0.05) (approximately 0.5 log(10) cfu g(-1)) in E. coli O157:H7 numbers. The frozen beefburger patties were also heat-treated at 50, 55 and 60degreesC and the data analysed to derive D-values for E. coli O157:H7 cells. At each temperature treatment, the D-values of the quality and economy beefburger patties with 4% NaL were significantly lower (P < 0.001) than the D-values of the patty formulations without NaL. The study demonstrates that the presence of 4% NaL in beefburger patty formulations can reduce the overall risks posed to consumers by the presence of E. coli O157:H7 by, first; reducing pathogen survival during freezing and frozen storage of the uncooked product; and second by increasing the susceptibility of the pathogen to heat during normal cooking processes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 TEAGASC, Natl Food Ctr, Dublin 15, Ireland. Univ Ulster, Fac Sci, Food Microbiol Res Grp, Jordanstown BT37 0QG, Co Antrim, North Ireland. RP Byrne, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA USA. EM caitriona_byrne@ireland.com RI McDowell, David/A-7963-2009 OI McDowell, David/0000-0002-0253-0027 NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0740-0020 J9 FOOD MICROBIOL JI Food Microbiol. PD APR-JUN PY 2002 VL 19 IS 2-3 BP 211 EP 219 DI 10.1006/fmic.2001.0462 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 564VH UT WOS:000176333900011 ER PT J AU Wang, WL Gardner, DJ Baumann, MGD AF Wang, WL Gardner, DJ Baumann, MGD TI Volatile organic compound emissions during hot-pressing of southern pine particleboard: Panel size effects and trade-off between press time and temperature SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FORMALDEHYDE AB In previous research, it was shown that decreasing either press temperature or press time generally resulted in decreased volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions during the hot-pressing of southern pine particleboard. However, because it is impossible to reduce both pressing time and temperature while maintaining panel physical and mechanical properties, this study evaluated two sets of conditions to determine whether it might be more advantageous, from an emissions perspective, to hot-press at a lower temperature fora longer pressing time or at a higher temperature fora shorter pressing time. An enclosed caul plate was used to collect VOC emissions during the pressing of panels manufactured using each of the three major wood adhesives: urea-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde (PF), and polymeric methylene diisocyanate. Each of the resins was pressed under two different temperature/time conditions that yielded panels with equivalent internal bond strengths. It was generally found that panels pressed at a high temperature for shorter press times emitted more formaldehyde, pinenes, and higher molecular weight VOCs (defined as VOCs with boiling points higher than 40degreesC). Increases at the higher temperature condition ranged from 10 to 204 percent. The one exception to the increases in VOCs at the higher temperature and shorter pressing times was formaldehyde emissions from panels bonded with PF resin. This may be an anomaly that results from an additive in the PF resin that serves as a formaldehyde scavenger. This study also evaluated the effects of increasing panel size on emissions from pressing of panels. Small panels (305 by 305 mm) and larger panels (610 by 610 mm) were manufactured using each resin under press conditions appropriate for the resin. In all cases, emissions from the larger panels were lower on a per weight basis compared to the smaller panels. The decreased edge area relative to panel area clearly has a significant effect on the release of the emissions from the panels during manufacture. C1 Univ Maine, Adv Engineered Wood Composite Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Wang, WL (reprint author), Univ Maine, Adv Engineered Wood Composite Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD APR PY 2002 VL 52 IS 4 BP 24 EP 30 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 545YT UT WOS:000175245700002 ER PT J AU Gurnell, AM Piegay, H Swanson, FJ Gregory, SV AF Gurnell, AM Piegay, H Swanson, FJ Gregory, SV TI Large wood and fluvial processes SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Riverine Landscapes CY MAR 25-30, 2001 CL ASCONA, SWITZERLAND DE geomorphology; hydraulics; hydrology; large wood; sediment ID DEBRIS ACCUMULATIONS; FLOW PATTERNS; LOW-GRADIENT; BED RIVER; STREAMS; FRANCE; MANAGEMENT; DYNAMICS; CHANNELS; REMOVAL AB 1. Large wood forms an important component of woodland river ecosystems. The relationship between large wood and the physical characteristics of river systems varies greatly with changes in the tree species of the marginal woodland, the climatic and hydrological regime, the fluvial geomorphological setting and the river and woodland management context. 2. Research on large wood and fluvial processes over the last 25 years has focussed on three main themes: the effects of wood on flow hydraulics; on the transfer of mineral and organic sediment, and on the geomorphology of river channels. 3. Analogies between wood and mineral sediment transfer processes (supply, mobility and river characteristics that affect retention) are found useful as a framework for synthesising current knowledge on large wood in rivers. 4. An important property of wood is its size when scaled to the size of the river channel. 'Small' channels are defined as those whose width is less than the majority of wood pieces (e.g. width < median wood piece length). 'Medium' channels have widths greater than the size of most wood pieces (e.g. width < upper quartile wood piece length), and 'Large' channels are wider than the length of all of the wood pieces delivered to them. 5. A conceptual framework defined here for evaluating the storage and dynamics of wood in rivers ranks the relative importance of hydrological characteristics (flow regime, sediment transport regime), wood characteristics (piece size, buoyancy, morphological complexity) and geomorphological characteristics (channel width, geomorphological style) in 'Small', 'Medium' and 'Large' rivers. 6. Wood pieces are large in comparison with river size in 'small' rivers, therefore they tend to remain close to where they are delivered to the river and provide important structures in the stream, controlling rather than responding to the hydrological and sediment transfer characteristics of the river. 7. For 'Medium' rivers, the combination of wood length and form becomes critical to the stability of wood within the channel. Wood accumulations form as a result of smaller or more mobile wood pieces accumulating behind key pieces. Wood transport is governed mainly by the flow regime and the buoyancy of the wood. Even quite large wood pieces may require partial burial to give them stability, so enhancing the importance of the sediment transport regime. 8. Wood dynamics in 'Large' rivers vary with the geometry of the channel (slope and channel pattern), which controls the delivery, mobility and breakage of wood, and also the characteristics of the riparian zone, from where the greatest volume of wood is introduced. Wood retention depends on the channel pattern and the distribution of flow velocity. A large amount is stored at the channel margins. The greater the contact between the active channel and the forested floodplain and islands, the greater the quantity of wood that is stored. C1 Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. CNRS, UMR Environm Ville Soc 5600, Lyon, France. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gurnell, AM (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog & Environm Sci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. NR 75 TC 242 Z9 249 U1 7 U2 62 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 47 IS 4 BP 601 EP 619 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00916.x PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 543JR UT WOS:000175099300007 ER PT J AU Adhvaryu, A Erhan, SZ Sahoo, SK Singh, ID AF Adhvaryu, A Erhan, SZ Sahoo, SK Singh, ID TI Thermo-oxidative stability studies on some new generation API group II and III base oils SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE base oils; NMR; DSC; micro oxidation; correlations; lubricants ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; QUANTITATIVE C-13; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; FRACTIONS AB Due to the increasing demand for highly saturated (group II and III) base oils for use in specialty lubricant application, it is necessary to obtain a clear picture of the base oil molecular distribution. These oils are more stable to oxidation and exhibit superior performance-based characteristics as compared with group I type base oils. With the aromatic content reaching a minimum value, saturated molecules control most of the physical properties in these oils. Molecular structure based characterization developed for conventionally refined base oils will be inadequate to address all the structural diversities of these base fluids. In this study, results from thin film micro oxidation (TFMO) and pressure differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC) were discussed in terms of the quantitative C-13 NMR (inverse gated, CSE, GASPE) data. Correlations obtained with physical properties (e.g. viscosity), oxidation (evaporation, insoluble deposit) and structural data indicate the significance of base oil's saturate hydrocarbon structures in influencing most of the performance properties. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), USDA ARS, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD APR PY 2002 VL 81 IS 6 BP 785 EP 791 AR PII S0016-2361(01)00210-1 DI 10.1016/S0016-2361(01)00210-1 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 539HT UT WOS:000174865000009 ER PT J AU Jurgenson, JE Bowden, RL Zeller, KA Leslie, JF Alexander, NJ Plattner, RD AF Jurgenson, JE Bowden, RL Zeller, KA Leslie, JF Alexander, NJ Plattner, RD TI A genetic map of Gibberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum) SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FUJIKUROI MATING POPULATION; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; SPECIES COMPLEX; HEAD BLIGHT; AFLP; DEOXYNIVALENOL; POLYMORPHISM; MARKERS; WHEAT; DNA AB We constructed a genetic linkage map of Gibberella zeae (Fusarium graminearum) by crossing complementary nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutants of G. zeae strains R-5470 (from Japan) and Z-3639 (from Kansas). We selected 99 nitrate-utilizing (recombinant) progeny and analyzed them for amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). We used 34 pairs of two-base selective AFLP primers and identified 1048 polymorphic markers that mapped to 468 unique loci on nine linkage groups. The total map length is similar to1300 cM with an average interval of 2.8 map units between loci. Three of the nine linkage groups contain regions in which there are high levels of segregation distortion. Selection for the nitrate-utilizing recombinant progeny can explain two of the three skewed regions. Two linkage groups have recombination patterns that are consistent with the presence of intercalary inversions. Loci governing trichothecene toxin amount and type (deoxynivalenol or nivalenol) map on linkage groups IV and I, respectively. The locus governing the type of trichothecene produced (nivalenol or deoxynivalenol) cosegregated with the TRI5 gene (which encodes trichodiene synthase) and probably maps in the trichothecene gene cluster. This linkage map will be useful in population genetic studies, in map-based cloning, for QTL (quantitative trait loci) analysis, for ordering genomic libraries, and for genomic comparisons of related species. C1 Kansas State Univ, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr 4002, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ No Iowa, Dept Biol, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. ARS, Mycotoxin Res Unit, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Leslie, JF (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Throckmorton Plant Sci Ctr 4002, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Bowden, Robert/E-3268-2013 OI Bowden, Robert/0000-0001-9419-6574 NR 43 TC 75 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 4 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD APR PY 2002 VL 160 IS 4 BP 1451 EP 1460 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 545VA UT WOS:000175237200016 PM 11973300 ER PT J AU Li, XM Gardner, DR Ralphs, MH Wang, RRC AF Li, XM Gardner, DR Ralphs, MH Wang, RRC TI Development of STS and CAPS markers for identification of three tall larkspurs (Delphinium spp.) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE poisonous plants; RAPD; molecular marker; PCR ID BARLEY; SITE; PCR AB One cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) and nine sequence tagged site (STS) markers were developed for identifying tall larkspur (Delphinium spp.) plants in three species based on the DNA sequence of known species-specific RAPD markers. Four STS markers were used for identification of Delphinium occidentale, three STS markers for Delphinium barbeyi, and one CAPS and two STS markers for Delphinium glaucum. One hundred sixty-six individual plants collected at 19 locations in the western U.S.A. were tested using the STS and CAPS markers. Over 95% of the D. occidentale plants contained all four D. occidentale specific STS markers, whereas the remaining plants contained three of the four STS markers. Approximately 97% of D. barbeyi plants contained all three D. barbeyi specific STS markers, and the rest had two of the three STS markers. A small percentage of D. barbeyi plants contained one D. occidentale specific STS marker. Hybrid populations were characterized as having more D. occidentale specific than D. barbeyi specific STS markers, suggesting that the three hybrid populations are composed not of F-1 hybrid plants of the parental species but of segregating offspring of different generations from original hybrids. This set of STS and CAPS markers for larkspur species should be useful in classification of unknown plant materials and the identification of hybrid populations. C1 ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Gardner, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 2002 VL 45 IS 2 BP 229 EP 235 DI 10.1039/G01-149 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 530AM UT WOS:000174333500003 PM 11962619 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Georgi, LL Zhebentyayeva, TN Reighard, GL Scorza, R Abbott, AG AF Wang, Y Georgi, LL Zhebentyayeva, TN Reighard, GL Scorza, R Abbott, AG TI High-throughput targeted SSR marker development in peach (Prunus persica) SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE bacterial artificial chromosome; apricot; molecular markers; Meloidogyne spp.; evergrowing gene ID SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS; GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; ORYZA-SATIVA L.; AFLP MARKERS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS; RAPD MARKERS; DNA MARKERS; IDENTIFICATION; RFLP AB Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) have proven to be highly polymorphic, easily reproducible, codominant markers. However, developing an SSR map is very time consuming and expensive, and most SSRs are not specifically linked to gene loci of immediate interest. The ideal situation would be to combine a high-throughput, relatively inexpensive mapping technique with rapid identification of SSR loci in mapped regions of interest. For this reason, we coupled the high-throughput technique of AFLP mapping with subsequent direct targeting of SSRs identified in AFLP-marked regions of interest. This approach relied on the availability of peach bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library resources. We present examples of using this strategy to rapidly identify SSR loci tightly linked to two important, simply inherited traits in peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch): root-knot nematode resistance and control of the evergrowing trait. SSRs developed in this study were also tested for their transportability in other Prunus species and in apricots. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Reighard, GL (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Hort, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 55 TC 56 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 2002 VL 45 IS 2 BP 319 EP 328 DI 10.1139/G01-153 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 530AM UT WOS:000174333500013 PM 11962629 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, R Keim, P Vodkin, L Retzel, E Clifton, SW Waterston, R Smoller, D Coryell, V Khanna, A Erpelding, J Gai, XW Brendel, V Raph-Schmidt, C Shoop, EG Vielweber, CJ Schmatz, M Pape, D Bowers, Y Theising, B Martin, J Dante, M Wylie, T Granger, C AF Shoemaker, R Keim, P Vodkin, L Retzel, E Clifton, SW Waterston, R Smoller, D Coryell, V Khanna, A Erpelding, J Gai, XW Brendel, V Raph-Schmidt, C Shoop, EG Vielweber, CJ Schmatz, M Pape, D Bowers, Y Theising, B Martin, J Dante, M Wylie, T Granger, C TI A compilation of soybean ESTs: generation and analysis SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; genome sequencing; functional genomics ID EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; PLANT ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; GENOME DUPLICATION; GENES; CDNA; ORGANIZATION AB Whole-genome sequencing is fundamental to understanding the genetic composition of an organism. Given the size and complexity of the soybean genome, an alternative approach is targeted random-gene sequencing, which provides an immediate and productive method of gene discovery. In this study, more than 120 000 soybean expressed sequence tags (ESTs) generated from more than 50 cDNA libraries were evaluated. These ESTs coalesced into 16 928 contigs and 17 336 singletons. On average, each contig was composed of 6 ESTs and spanned 788 bases. The average sequence length submitted to dbEST was 414 bases. Using only those libraries generating more than 800 ESTs each and only those contigs with 10 or more ESTs each, correlated patterns of gene expression among libraries and genes were discerned. Two-dimensional qualitative representations of contig and library similarities were generated based on expression profiles. Genes with similar expression patterns and, potentially, similar functions were identified. These studies provide a rich source of publicly available gene sequences as well as valuable insight into the structure, function, and evolution of a model crop legume genome. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61821 USA. Univ Minnesota, Ctr Computat Genom & Bioinformat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Washington Univ, Genome Sequencing Ctr, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. IncyteGenom, St Louis, MO 63134 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Zool & Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Shoemaker, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010 NR 40 TC 89 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 2002 VL 45 IS 2 BP 329 EP 338 DI 10.1139/G01-152 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 530AM UT WOS:000174333500014 PM 11962630 ER PT J AU Anderson, OD Larka, L Christoffers, MJ McCue, KF Gustafson, JP AF Anderson, OD Larka, L Christoffers, MJ McCue, KF Gustafson, JP TI Comparison of orthologous and paralogous DNA flanking the wheat high molecular weight glutenin genes: sequence conservation and divergence, transposon distribution, and matrix-attachment regions SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE wheat; glutenins; evolution; matrix-attachment regions; transposable elements ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; HEXAPLOID BREAD WHEAT; NUCLEAR MATRIX; SUBUNIT GENE; GENOME; RETROTRANSPOSONS; FAMILY; EXPRESSION; CHROMATIN; ELEMENTS AB Extended flanking DNA sequences were characterized for five members of the wheat high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin gene family to understand more of the structure, control, and evolution of these genes. Analysis revealed more sequence conservation among orthologous regions than between paralogous regions, with differences mainly owing to transposition events involving putative retrotransposons and several miniature inverted transposable elements (MITEs). Both gyspy-like long terminal repeat (LTR) and non-LTR retrotransposon sequences are represented in the flanking DNAs. One of the MITEs is a novel class, but another MITE is related to the maize Stowaway family and is widely represented in Triticeae express sequence tags (ESTs). Flanking DNA of the longest sequence, a 20 425-bp fragment including and surrounding the HMW-glutenin Bx7 gene, showed additional cereal gene-like sequences both immediately 5' and 3' to the HMW-glutenin coding region. The transcriptional activities of sequences related to these flanking putative genes and the retrotransposon-related regions were indicated by matches to wheat and other Triticeae ESTs. Predictive analysis of matrix-attachment regions (MARs) of the HMW glutenin and several alpha, gamma-, and omega-gliadin flanking DNAs indicate potential MARs immediately flanking each of the genes. Matrix binding activity in the predicted regions was confirmed for two of the HMW-glutenin genes. C1 ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Anderson, OD (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RI McCue, Kent/A-8973-2009 NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 2002 VL 45 IS 2 BP 367 EP 380 DI 10.1139/G01-137 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 530AM UT WOS:000174333500018 PM 11962634 ER PT J AU Kim, JS Childs, KL Islam-Faridi, MN Menz, MA Klein, RR Klein, PE Price, HJ Mullet, JE Stelly, DM AF Kim, JS Childs, KL Islam-Faridi, MN Menz, MA Klein, RR Klein, PE Price, HJ Mullet, JE Stelly, DM TI Integrated karyotyping of sorghum by in situ hybridization of landed BACs SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE integrated karyotyping; FISH; sorghum; BAC ID BACTERIAL ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME; RESOLUTION CYTOGENETIC MAP; PHYSICAL MAP; MOLECULAR CYTOGENETICS; COSMID CLONES; DNA MARKERS; GENOME; SEQUENCE; BICOLOR; RECOMBINATION AB The reliability of genome analysis and proficiency of genetic manipulation are increased by assignment of linkage groups to specific chromosomes, placement of centromeres, and orientation with respect to telomeres. We have endeavored to establish means to enable these steps in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), the genome of which contains ca. 780 Mbp spread across n = 10 chromosomes. Our approach relies on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and integrated structural genomic resources, including large-insert genomic clones in bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries. To develop robust FISH probes, we selected sorghum BACs by association with molecular markers that map near the ends of linkage groups, in regions inferred to be high in recombination. Overall, we selected 22 BACs that encompass the 10 linkage groups. As a prelude to development of a multiprobe FISH cocktail, we evaluated BAC-derived probes individually and in small groups. Biotin- and digoxygenin-labeled probes were made directly from the BAC clones and hybridized in situ to chromosomes without using suppressive unlabelled C(0)t-1 DNA. Based on FISH-signal strength and the relative degree of background signal, we judged 19 BAC-derived probes to be satisfactory. Based on their relative position, and collective association with all 10 linkage groups, we chose 17 of the 19 BACs to develop a 17-locus probe cocktail for dual-color detection. FISH of the cocktail allowed simultaneous identification of all 10 chromosomes. The results indicate that linkage and physical maps of sorghum allow facile selection of BAC clones according to position and FISH-signal quality. This capability will enable development of a high-quality molecular cytogenetic map and an integrated genomics system for sorghum, without need of chromosome flow sorting or microdissection. Moreover, transgeneric FISH experiments suggest that the sorghum system might be applicable to other Gramineae. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Stelly, DM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM monosom@tamu.edu RI Childs, Kevin/C-9513-2014; OI Childs, Kevin/0000-0002-3680-062X; Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 NR 44 TC 53 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 2002 VL 45 IS 2 BP 402 EP 412 DI 10.1139/G01-141 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 530AM UT WOS:000174333500021 PM 11962637 ER PT J AU Ananiev, EV Vales, MI Phillips, RL Rines, HW AF Ananiev, EV Vales, MI Phillips, RL Rines, HW TI Isolation of A/D and C genome specific dispersed and clustered repetitive DNA sequences from Avena sativa SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE oat; cosmid library; in situ hybridization ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; GENUS AVENA; INTERGENOMIC TRANSLOCATIONS; L CHROMOSOME; A-GENOME; ORGANIZATION; IDENTIFICATION; HETEROCHROMATIN; LIBRARY; POACEAE AB DNA gel-blot and in situ hybridization with genome-specific repeated sequences have proven to be valuable tools in analyzing genome structure and relationships in species with complex allopolyploid genomes such as hexaploid oat (Avena sativa L., 2n = 6x = 42; AACCDD genome). In this report, we describe a systematic approach for isolating genome-, chromosome-, and region-specific repeated and low-copy DNA sequences from oat that can presumably be applied to any complex genome species. Genome-specific DNA sequences were first identified in a random set of A. sativa genomic DNA cosmid clones by gel-blot hybridization using labeled genomic DNA from different Avena species. Because no repetitive sequences were identified that could distinguish between the A and D gneomes, sequences specific to these two genomes are refereed to as A/D genome specific. A/D or C genome specific DNA subfragments were used as screening probes to identify additional genome-specific cosmid clones in the A. sativa genomic library. We identified clustered and dispersed repetitive DNA elements for the A/D and C genomes that could be used as cytogenetic markers for discrimination of the various oat chromosomes. Some analyzed cosmids appeared to be composed entirely of genome-specific elements, whereas others represented regions with genome- and non-specific repeated sequences with interspersed low-copy DNA sequences. Thus, genome-specific hybridization analysis of restriction digests of random and selected A. sativa cosmids also provides insight into the sequence organization of the oat genome. C1 Univ Minnesota, Inst Plant Mol Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Vales, MI (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD APR PY 2002 VL 45 IS 2 BP 431 EP 441 DI 10.1139/G01-148 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 530AM UT WOS:000174333500024 PM 11962640 ER PT J AU Bennett, SJ Pirim, T Barkdoll, BD AF Bennett, SJ Pirim, T Barkdoll, BD TI Using simulated emergent vegetation to alter stream flow direction within a straight experimental channel SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stream restoration; riparian vegetation; thalweg meandering; particle image velocimetry ID RESTORATION; DEGRADATION; RESISTANCE; DIFFUSION; MEANDERS; MODEL AB River restoration programs often use vegetation to enhance the biological functionality, recreational opportunities. and aesthetic beauty of degraded stream corridors. Yet, none has used vegetation for the purpose of inducing a straight channel to meander. A flume-based study was designed to alter the flow pattern within a straight, degraded stream corridor by using simulated emergent vegetation of varying density placed at key locations within the channel. Placement of vegetation zones was determined using an empirical relation for equilibrium meander wavelength based on the imposed flow rate. Surface flow velocities were quantified using particle image velocimetry. The study showed that (i) flow velocity can be markedly reduced within and near the vegetation zones, (ii) flow can be diverted toward the opposite bank, and (iii) vegetation density controlled the magnitude of these effects. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Univ Mississippi, Dept Civil Engn, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Bennett, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 49 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 44 IS 1-2 BP 115 EP 126 AR PII S0169-555X(01)00148-9 DI 10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00148-9 PG 12 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 544MV UT WOS:000175164900006 ER PT J AU Karnosky, DF Percy, KE Xiang, BX Callan, B Noormets, A Mankovska, B Hopkin, A Sober, J Jones, W Dickson, RE Isebrands, JG AF Karnosky, DF Percy, KE Xiang, BX Callan, B Noormets, A Mankovska, B Hopkin, A Sober, J Jones, W Dickson, RE Isebrands, JG TI Interacting elevated CO2 and tropospheric O-3 predisposes aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) to infection by rust (Melampsora medusae f. sp tremuloidae) SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epicuticular wax; FACE experiment; leaf rust; leaf surface properties ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; TREMBLING ASPEN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PLANT-DISEASES; OZONE; CLONES; RESPONSES; PRODUCTIVITY; SENSITIVITY; GROWTH AB We investigated the interaction of elevated CO2 and/or (Ozone) O-3 on the occurrence and severity of aspen leaf rust (Melampsora medusae Thuem. f. sp. tremuloidae) on trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Furthermore, we examined the role of changes in leaf surface properties induced by elevated CO2 and/or O-3 in this host-pathogen interaction. Three- to five-fold increases in levels of rust infection index were found in 2 consecutive years following growing-season-long exposures with either O-3 alone or CO2 + O-3 depending on aspen clone. Examination of leaf surface properties (wax appearance, wax amount, wax chemical composition, leaf surface and wettability) suggested significant effects by O-3 and CO2 + O-3. We conclude that elevated O-3 is altering aspen leaf surfaces in such a way that it is likely predisposing the plants to increased infection by aspen leaf rust. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada. Forestry Res Inst Zvolen, Zvolen 96092, Slovakia. Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault St Marie, ON P6A 5M7, Canada. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Karnosky, DF (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, 1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RI Noormets, Asko/A-7257-2009 OI Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111 NR 49 TC 64 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4 BP 329 EP 338 DI 10.1046/j.1354-1013.2002.00479.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 551PN UT WOS:000175570200004 ER PT J AU Okie, WR AF Okie, WR TI Register of new fruit and nut varieties - List 41 SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RP Okie, WR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, SE Fruit & Tree Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2002 VL 37 IS 2 BP 251 EP 272 PG 22 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 543JW UT WOS:000175099700001 ER PT J AU Dandekar, AM Fisk, HJ McGranahan, GH Uratsu, SL Bains, H Leslie, CA Tamura, M Escobar, M Labavitch, J Grieve, C Gradziel, T Vail, PV Tebbets, SJ Sassa, H Tao, R Viss, W Driver, J James, D Passey, A Teo, G AF Dandekar, AM Fisk, HJ McGranahan, GH Uratsu, SL Bains, H Leslie, CA Tamura, M Escobar, M Labavitch, J Grieve, C Gradziel, T Vail, PV Tebbets, SJ Sassa, H Tao, R Viss, W Driver, J James, D Passey, A Teo, G TI Different genes for different folks in tree crops: What works and what does not SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE disease; pest; and herbicide resistance; fruit and nut trees/quality; transgenic plants ID ETHYLENE-FORMING ENZYME; ENCODING 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHASE; ALMOND PRUNUS-DULCIS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; MESSENGER-RNA; APPLE FRUIT; SORBITOL SYNTHESIS; CRYIA(C) GENE; ROL GENES; PLANTS C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. Yokohama City Univ, Kihara Inst Biol Res, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2440813, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Agr, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Dry Creek Labs, Hughson, CA 95326 USA. Hort Res Int, W Malling ME19 6BJ, Kent, England. Univ Padova Agripolis, Dipartimento Agron Ambientale & Prod Vegetali, I-35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy. RP Dandekar, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pomol, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2002 VL 37 IS 2 BP 281 EP 286 PG 6 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 543JW UT WOS:000175099700005 ER PT J AU Pomper, KW Layne, DR Jones, SC Kwantes, MG AF Pomper, KW Layne, DR Jones, SC Kwantes, MG TI Growth enhancement of container-grown pawpaw seedlings as influenced by media type, root-zone temperature, and fertilization regime SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Asimina triloba; bottom heat; chlorophyll; root : shoot ratio; Kentucky banana ID NORTH-AMERICAN PAWPAW; WATER RELATIONS; HONEY LOCUST; NITROGEN; ACCUMULATION; GERMINATION; PHOSPHORUS; TOMATO; TREES; LIME AB Pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] is a native American fruit tree that has potential as a new fruit crop or for use in landscapes, but little information is available to nurseries on the production of containerized plants. In greenhouse experiments, growth of paw,paw seedlings in Rootrainers was examined in three fertilization regimes, two root-zone temperatures, and four substrates [ProMix, 6 pine bark : 1 sand (v/v), 1 sand: 1 sphagnum peat, and 4 pine bark: 1 sand: 1 sphagnum peat medium]. A similar germination rate of 80% was obtained in all substrates. Weekly fertigation treatments were imposed when seedlings had 2 to 3 leaves, at 0, 50, and 100 mg.L-1 N as Peters 20N-8.6P-16.6K water-soluble fertilizer plus soluble trace elements. After 140 days at the highest fertilizer rate, plant height, leaf number, and dry weight (roots, shoots, and total plant) were greater in ProMix and 1 sand A sphagnum peat than in 6 pine bark : 1 sand (v/v) or 4 pine bark : 1 sand : 1 sphagnum peat. Also, the root : shoot ratio was lower in ProMix and 6 pine bark : 1 sand (v/v). Overall, plant biomass production was greater in ProMix than in 6 pine bark: 1 sand (v/v). In a separate experiment, bottom heat (32 +/- 0.3 degreesC) hastened seedling emergence from ProMix by 9 days compared to ambient root-zone conditions (24 +/- 0.2 degreesC). An average seedling height of 10 cm was attained by ambient plants 79 days after sowing, whereas seedlings with bottom heat reached this height after 69 days. Seedlings subjected to bottom heat had increased leaf number (30%), plant height (32%), whole plant leaf area (94%), shoot dry weight (104%), root dry weight (50%), lateral root dry weight (125%), and total plant dry weight (87%). Seedlings with bottom heat had a reduction in root : shoot ratio of 25% and in specific leaf dry weight of 16% compared to ambient plants. Seedlings subjected to bottom heat had a higher leaf chlorophyll (chl) concentration of chi a (39%), chi b (33%), chi p (43%), total chi (38%), and chi a : b ratio (8%) than seedlings grown without bottom heat. Pawpaw seedling growth was best using ProMix with 100 mg.L-1 N Peters applied once weekly, or using ProMix with bottom heat and 50 mg.L-1 N Peters applied twice per week. C1 Kentucky State Univ, Land Grant Program, Atwood Res Facil 129,USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Asimina Spp, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. RP Pomper, KW (reprint author), Kentucky State Univ, Land Grant Program, Atwood Res Facil 129,USDA, Natl Clonal Germplasm Repository Asimina Spp, Frankfort, KY 40601 USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2002 VL 37 IS 2 BP 329 EP 333 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 543JW UT WOS:000175099700017 ER PT J AU Magee, JB Smith, BJ Rimando, A AF Magee, JB Smith, BJ Rimando, A TI Resveratrol content of muscadine berries is affected by disease control spray program SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vitis rotundifolia; disease scores; fungicides; phytoalexin; stilbene ID CANCER CHEMOPREVENTIVE ACTIVITY; STILBENE PHYTOALEXINS; TRANS-RESVERATROL; WINE; GRAPE; ELICITATION AB Control of muscadine diseases is necessary to minimize yield loss and is especially important for highest quality fresh-market berries. In a systematic disease control spray program, four fungicides registered for grapes were applied sequentially at 10- to 20-day intervals from earl), bloom until just before harvest to five muscadine cultivars. Objectives of the study were to: 1) determine the effects of the spray schedule on foliage and berry diseases; and 2) study the relationship between disease incidence and resveratrol content of the berries. Resveratrol, a phytoalexin, has shown potential value in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease and certain cancer processes. Foliar diseases were rated visually twice during the season. Berry disease ratings were made at harvest. All fungal foliage and berry diseases were significantly reduced by, fungicide treatments. Resveratrol was determined separately on berry skins, seed and pulp/juice by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). Overall, resveratrol levels in berry skins from unsprayed vines were much higher than those of sprayed vines. Concentrations varied by cultivar and within cultivar by treatment. The relationship between resveratrol concentration in skins and total disease score or scores of specific diseases was not established. Seed resveratrol concentrations differed by cultivar but A ere not affected by the fungicide treatments. Resveratrol concentration of seed was lower than that of skins. Accumulation of resveratrol in juice/pulp was much lower than in skins and seeds. C1 ARS, USDA, Small Fruit Res Stn, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Magee, JB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Small Fruit Res Stn, POB 257, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2002 VL 37 IS 2 BP 358 EP 361 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 543JW UT WOS:000175099700024 ER PT J AU Moretti, CL Baldwin, EA Sargent, SA Huber, DJ AF Moretti, CL Baldwin, EA Sargent, SA Huber, DJ TI Internal bruising alters aroma volatile profiles in tomato fruit tissues SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE impact; Lycopersicon esculentum; mechanical injury; locule; pericarp; placenta ID FRESH MARKET TOMATOES; COMPONENTS; FLAVOR; PERICARP; POTATO AB Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit, cv. Solar Set, were harvested at the mature-green stage and treated with 50 muL.L-1 ethylene at 20 degreesC. Individual fruits at the breaker stage (<10% red color) were dropped onto a solid surface to induce internal bruising. Dropped and undropped fruit were stored at 20 &DEG;C until red-ripe, at which time pericarp, placental, and locule tissues were excised. Tissues from dropped tomatoes were examined for evidence of internal bruising and all tissues were analyzed for selected volatile profiles via headspace analysis. Individual volatile profiles of the three tissues in bruised fruit were significantly different from those of corresponding tissues in undropped, control fruit, notably: trans-2-hexenal from pericarp tissue; 1-penten-3-one, cis-3-hexenal, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, cis-3-hexenol and 2-isobutylthiazole from locule tissue, and 1-penten-3-one and β-ionone from placental tissue. Alteration of volatile profiles was most pronounced in the locule tissue, which was more sensitive to internal bruising than the other tissues. Changes observed in the volatile profiles appear to be related to disruption of cellular structures. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33883 USA. RP Moretti, CL (reprint author), Natl Vegetable Crops Res Ctr, BR-70359970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2002 VL 37 IS 2 BP 378 EP 382 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 543JW UT WOS:000175099700029 ER PT J AU Griesbach, RJ Neal, JW Bentz, J AF Griesbach, RJ Neal, JW Bentz, J TI Arthropod resistance in a petunia ecotype with glabrous leaves SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aphids; spider mites; arthropod tolerance; Petunia integrifolia ID GRANDE-DO-SUL; SANTA-CATARINA; SOLANACEAE; BRAZIL AB A novel ecotype of Petunia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia var. depauperata with glabrous leaves was found near the town of Torres, Brazil, and hybridized with P. x hybrida. In the F-1 and F-2 generations, the glabrous leaf trait was quantitatively inherited with high heritability. The absence of trichomes was not associated with the decrease in the resistance of the glabrous-leaved species and hybrids to aphids, but was correlated with a lower resistance to spider mites. C1 ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Griesbach, RJ (reprint author), ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2002 VL 37 IS 2 BP 383 EP 385 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 543JW UT WOS:000175099700030 ER PT J AU Ehlenfeldt, MK Martin, RB AF Ehlenfeldt, MK Martin, RB TI A survey of fruit firmness in highbush blueberry and species-introgressed blueberry cultivars SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Vaccinium angustifolium; V. ashei; V. corymbosum; V. darrowi; V. tenellum; fruit quality; rabbiteye; ripening ID QUALITY AB Eighty-seven highbush blueberry and species-introgressed blueberry cultivars were evaluated for fruit firmness in the 1998-2000 growing seasons with a FirmTech 1 automated firmness tester. Significant differences were observed among cultivars. An average firmness of 136.1 g.mm(-1) of deflection (g.mm(-1) dfl) was observed across all studied cultivars, and a range of 80.4 g.mm(-1) dfl ('Herbert') to 189.0 g.mm(-1) dfl (Pearl River'). Species ancestry was not consistently, related to firmness; however, cultivars with higher firmness values often possessed a higher percentage of Vaccinium darrowi Camp and V. ashei Reade ancestry. Conversely, cultivars with softer than average fruit often possessed a higher percentage of lowbush (V. angustifolium Ait.) ancestry. This information may help to identify sources of breeding material for increased firmness in highbush blueberry hybrids. C1 Rutgers State Univ, ARS, USDA, Philip E Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res &, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. RP Ehlenfeldt, MK (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, ARS, USDA, Philip E Marucci Ctr Blueberry & Cranberry Res &, 125A Lake Oswego Rd, Chatsworth, NJ 08019 USA. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2002 VL 37 IS 2 BP 386 EP 389 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 543JW UT WOS:000175099700031 ER PT J AU Reed, SM Joung, Y Roh, M AF Reed, SM Joung, Y Roh, M TI Interspecific hybridization in Clethra SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE summersweet; sweet pepper bush; RAPD markers; C. acuminata; C. alnifolia; C. fargesii; C. pringlei ID ARBITRARY PRIMERS; MARKERS AB The genus Clethra contains many ornamental species, of which the most adaptable and cold hardy is C. alnifolia L. The objective of this study was to obtain hybrids between C alnifolia and three other ornamental Clethra species, C acuminata Michx., C fargesii Franch., and C pringlei S. Wats. Viable plants were obtained from reciprocal crosses between C alnifolia and C. fargesii, and from crosses between C alnifolia and the other two species when C. alnifolia was used as the maternal parent. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to verify hybridity and to compare hybrids to their parents. In all cases, the hybrids had more RAPD markers in common with C. alnifolia than with their other parent. Close clustering by neighbor-joining analysis of RAPD markers and the morphological resemblance of C alnifolia x C. acuminata and C fargesii x C alnifolia plants to their paternal parent indicated that these plants were of hybrid origin. The C. alnifolia x C. pringlei plants resembled C alnifolia in many respects, but the), stayed green much later in the year than did C alnifolia with leaves remaining on the plants throughout the winter. These foliage characteristics were presumed to reflect the contribution of the evergreen C. pringlei, and thus were regarded as evidence of hybridity. C1 Tennessee State Univ, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, USDA ARS,Nursery Crop Res Stn, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Reed, SM (reprint author), Tennessee State Univ, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, USDA ARS,Nursery Crop Res Stn, 472 Cadillac Lane, McMinnville, TN 37110 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD APR PY 2002 VL 37 IS 2 BP 393 EP 397 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 543JW UT WOS:000175099700033 ER PT J AU Hansen, JD AF Hansen, JD TI Effect of cold temperature treatments on the mortality of eggs and feeding larvae of the oriental fruit moth SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cydia molesta; postharvest; phytosanitation; export; Mexico AB Two cold storage treatments were evaluated against eggs, early instars, and late instars of the oriental fruit moth [Cydia molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)] a quarantine pest for Mexico of stone and pome fruit from the United States. In the first, 'Delicious' apples (Malus domestica) were infested with these life stages and treated for 13 weeks in cold storage at 38 degreesF (3.3 degreesC) in replicated studies. In the second, the same life stages infesting 'Delicious' apples were exposed to air temperatures slightly above freezing, 33.3 +/- 0.7 degreesF (0.7 +/- 0.4 degreesC), up to 7 weeks to simulate near commercial storage conditions. Weekly subsamples of the life stages were examined for survival. At 38 degreesF, complete mortality was obtained for eggs and early instars by the eighth week, and for late instars; by the tenth week. At near freezing temperatures, eggs and early instars died by the fourth week, and late instars eliminated by the sixth week. This study demonstrated that the treatments were effective against the infesting life stages. C1 USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Hansen, JD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD APR-JUN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 BP 203 EP 205 PG 3 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 532VH UT WOS:000174495400002 ER PT J AU Davenport, JR Redulla, CA Hattendorf, MJ Evans, RG Boydston, RA AF Davenport, JR Redulla, CA Hattendorf, MJ Evans, RG Boydston, RA TI Potato yield monitoring on commercial fields SO HORTTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE precision agriculture; precision farming; yield map AB An accurate yield map is imperative for successful precision farming. For 3 years (1998 to 2000) two to four potato (Solanum tuberosum) fields on a commercial farm in southeastern Washington were yield-monitored using commercial yield monitoring equipment without operator interaction. Multiple potato diggers were used to harvest the fields and diggers used were not necessarily the same at each harvest. In all years, yield monitoring data were missing due to equipment failure or lack of yield monitoring equipment on all diggers. Banding, due to dissimilar calibrations, different equipment used, or differential digger performance was observed in 1998 and 2000. Based on experience described here, some yield monitor data need minimal postprocessing or correction, other data need substantial postprocessing to make them usable, and other data may not be reliable due to equipment failure, improper calibration, or other causes. Even with preharvest calibration, it is still likely that the potato yield monitor data will need differential postprocessing, indicating that yield maps lack accuracy. In addition, comparison to yield data collected at multiple points within the field, this study found that the yield monitor over estimated potato yield. Thus, with some postprocessing, a useful yield map showing within field differences is possible. However, without significant postprocessing, the practice of using multiple diggers and yield monitors for potato harvest, both within and between fields, severely limits the ability to make consistent yield maps in commercial potato operations. C1 Washington State Univ, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Davenport, JR (reprint author), Washington State Univ, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 1063-0198 J9 HORTTECHNOLOGY JI HortTechnology PD APR-JUN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 BP 289 EP 296 PG 8 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 532VH UT WOS:000174495400023 ER PT J AU Talbot, NC Powell, AM Garrett, WM AF Talbot, NC Powell, AM Garrett, WM TI Spontaneous differentiation of porcine and bovine embryonic stem cells (epiblast) into astrocytes or neurons SO IN VITRO CELLULAR & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY-ANIMAL LA English DT Article DE astrocyte; bovine; epiblast; neuron; porcine ID IN-VITRO; MOUSE BLASTOCYSTS; CULTURE; PIG; TRANSPLANTATION; EXPRESSION; MYOGENESIS; PROTEIN; BRAIN; FETAL AB The culture of porcine or bovine epiblasts, i.e., embryonic stem cells, on STO feeder cells resulted in their spontaneous differentiation into multiple cell types that were subsequently isolated as separate cell lines. Some of these cell lines were "neuron-like" in morphology. Immunofluorescent analysis of two porcine epliblast-derived cell lines demonstrated that the cells were positive for the expression of vimentin and the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Because of their stellate morphology and lack of neurofilament expression, it is possible that the cells are type 2 astrocytes. Similar analysis of a bovine epiblast-derived cell line showed that the cells were positive for vimentin but that the) did not express GFAP. However, a few cells within the population expressed neurofilaments and alpha-internexin. It is possible that the bovine cells are neural precursor cells. The results confirm and extend the demonstrated in vitro pluripotency of porcine and bovine epiblast cultures and provide evidence for an in vitro model of embryonic neuroectoderm development. C1 USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Talbot, NC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Bldg 200,Room 13, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 29 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1071-2690 EI 1543-706X J9 IN VITRO CELL DEV-AN JI In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Anim. PD APR PY 2002 VL 38 IS 4 BP 191 EP 197 PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 588QG UT WOS:000177711700004 PM 12197769 ER PT J AU Norimine, J Suarez, CE McElwain, TF Florin-Christensen, M Brown, WC AF Norimine, J Suarez, CE McElwain, TF Florin-Christensen, M Brown, WC TI Immunodominant epitopes in Babesia bovis rhoptry-associated protein 1 that elicit memory CD4(+)-T-lymphocyte responses in B-bovis-immune individuals are located in the amino-terminal domain SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CLASS-II MOLECULES; STIMULATE PROLIFERATION; MEROZOITE ANTIGENS; CELL EPITOPES; NITRIC-OXIDE; IN-VITRO; CATTLE; BIGEMINA; PLASMODIUM; FAMILY AB Babesia bovis rhoptry-associated protein 1 (RAP-1), which confers partial protection against B. bovis challenge, is recognized by antibodies and T lymphocytes from cattle that have recovered from infection and are immune to subsequent challenge. RAP-1 is a 60-kDa protein with an N-terminal (NT) region that contains four cysteine residues conserved among all Babesia RAP-1 family members and a C-terminal (CT) region that contains multiple, degenerate, tandem 23-amino-acid (aa) repeats. To define the location of CD4(+)-T-cell epitopes for vaccine development using a recombinant protein or minigene construct, a series of truncated recombinant RAP-1 proteins and peptides were tested for stimulation of T-cell lines derived from B. bovis-immune cattle. CD4(+)-T-cell lines from three B. bovis-immune cattle with different DRB3 haplotypes responded to the NT region of RAP-1, whereas T cells from only one animal responded weakly to the CT region. T-cell lines from the three individuals recognized two to six NT-region peptides spanning as 134 to 316 and representing at least four dominant epitopes. Using RAP-1-specific CD4(+)-T-cell clones, two NT-region epitopes, EYLVNK VLYMATMNYKT (aa 187 to 203) and EAPWYKRWIKKFR (aa 295 to 307), and one CT-region repeat epitope, FREAPQATKHFL, which is present twice at as positions 391 to 402 and 414 to 425, were identified. Several peptides representing degenerate repeats of the agonist CT-region peptide FREAPQATKHFL neither stimulated responses of T-cell clones specific for this peptide nor inhibited responses to the agonist peptide. Upon stimulation with specific antigen, T-cell clones specific for NT or CT epitopes produced gamma interferon. The presence of T-helper-cell epitopes in the NT domain of RAP-1, which is highly conserved among otherwise antigenically different strains of B. bovis, supports the inclusion of this region in vaccine constructs to be tested in cattle. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Anim Dis Res Unit, ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Brown, WC (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Program Vector Borne Dis, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Suarez, Carlos/A-3121-2008 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI30136] NR 46 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD APR PY 2002 VL 70 IS 4 BP 2039 EP 2048 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.4.2039-2048.2002 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 534FE UT WOS:000174573200042 PM 11895969 ER PT J AU Liu, ZQ Tan, JG Valles, SM Dong, K AF Liu, ZQ Tan, JG Valles, SM Dong, K TI Synergistic interaction between two cockroach sodium channel mutations and a tobacco budworm sodium channel mutation in reducing channel sensitivity to a pyrethroid insecticide SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE knockdown resistance; pyrethroids; insecticide resistance; sodium channel; Xenopus oocyte expression system ID KNOCKDOWN-RESISTANCE KDR; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; GERMAN-COCKROACH; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; POINT MUTATIONS; GENE; CLONING; IDENTIFICATION; TIPE; SITE AB Pyrethroid insecticide resistance due to reduced nerve sensitivity, known as knockdown resistance (kdr or kdr-type), is linked to multiple point mutations in the para-homologous sodium channel genes. Previously we demonstrated that two mutations (E434K and C764R) in the German cock-roach sodium channel greatly enhanced the ability of the L993F mutation (a known kdr -type mutation) to reduce sodium channel sensitivity to deltamethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide. Neither E434K nor C764R alone, however, altered sodium channel sensitivity. To examine whether E434K and C764R also enhance the effect of pyrethroid resistance-associated sodium channel mutations identified in other insects, we introduced a V to M mutation (V409M) into the cockroach sodium channel protein at the position that corresponds to the V421M mutation in the Heliothis virescens sodium channel protein. We found that the V409M mutation alone modified the gating propel-ties of the sodium channel and reduced channel sensitivity to deltamethrin by 10-fold, Combining the V409M mutation with either the E434K or C764K alone did not reduce the V409M channel sensitivity to deltamethrin further. However, the triple mutation combination (V409M, E434K and C764R) dramatically reduced channel sensitivity by 100-fold compared with the wild-type channel. These results suggest that the E434K and C764R mutations are important modifiers of sodium channel sensitivity to pyrethroid insecticides. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Program Neurosci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Dong, K (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [08-1GM57440A, R01 GM057440-12, R01 GM057440] NR 28 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 32 IS 4 BP 397 EP 404 AR PII S0965-1748(01)00116-3 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(01)00116-3 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 537UQ UT WOS:000174778300005 PM 11886774 ER PT J AU Fabrick, J Behnke, C Czapla, T Bala, K Rao, AG Kramer, KJ Reeck, GR AF Fabrick, J Behnke, C Czapla, T Bala, K Rao, AG Kramer, KJ Reeck, GR TI Effects of a potato cysteine proteinase inhibitor on midgut proteolytic enzyme activity and growth of the southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE midgut; rootworm; cysteine proteinase; potato inhibitor; engineered host plant resistance ID LEPTINOTARSA-DECEMLINEATA; DIGESTIVE PROTEINASES; TRANSGENIC POTATO; TRYPSIN-INHIBITOR; ORYZACYSTATIN-I; RICE CYSTATIN; BEETLE; PLANTS; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE AB The major proteinase activity in extracts of larval midguts from the southern corn rootworm (SCR), Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi, was identified as a cysteine proteinase that prefers substrates containing an arginine residue in the PI position. Gelatin-zymogram analysis of the midgut proteinases indicated that the artificial diet-fed SCR, corn root-fed SCR, and root-fed western corn rootworms (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) possess a single major proteinase with an apparent molecular mass of 25 kDa and several minor proteinases. Similar proteinase activity pH profiles were exhibited by root-fed and diet-fed rootworms with the optimal activity being slightly acidic. Rootworm larvae reared on corn roots exhibited significantly less caseinolytic activity than those reared on the artificial diet, Midgut proteolytic activity from SCR was most sensitive to inhibition by inhibitors of cysteine proteinases. Furthermore, rootworm proteinase activity was particularly sensitive to inhibition by a commercial protein preparation from potato tubers (PIN-II). One of the proteins, potato cysteine proteinase inhibitor-10', PCPI-10', obtained from PIN-II by ion-exchange chromatography, was the major source of inhibitory activity against rootworm proteinase activity. PCPI-10' and E-64 were of comparable potency as inhibitors of southern corn rootworm proteinase activity (IC50 =31 and 35 nM, respectively) and substantially more effective than chicken egg white cystatin (IC50 =121 nM), Incorporation of PCPI-10' into the diet of SCR larvae in feeding trials resulted in a significant increase in mortality and growth inhibition. We suggest that expression of inhibitors such as PCPI-10' by transgenic corn plants in the field is a potentially attractive method of host plant resistance to these Diabrotica species. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Willard Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. USDA, ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Reeck, GR (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Willard Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 36 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 32 IS 4 BP 405 EP 415 AR PII S0965-1748(01)00117-5 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(01)00117-5 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 537UQ UT WOS:000174778300006 PM 11886775 ER PT J AU Tan, J Liu, Z Tsai, TD Valles, SM Goldin, AL Dong, K AF Tan, J Liu, Z Tsai, TD Valles, SM Goldin, AL Dong, K TI Novel sodium channel gene mutations in Blattella germanica reduce the sensitivity of expressed channels to deltamethrin SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE knockdown resistance; pyrethroids; insecticide resistance; sodium channel; Xenopus oocyte expression system ID KNOCKDOWN-RESISTANCE KDR; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; POINT MUTATIONS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; DDT; TETRAMETHRIN; BINDING; CLONING; IDENTIFICATION AB Pyrethroid insecticides alter the normal gating of voltage-gated sodium channels in the nervous system. Three sodium channel mutations (E434K, C764R, L993F) were recently identified in pyrethroid resistant German cockroach populations. In this report, we show that the L993F mutation decreased sodium channel sensitivity to the pyrethroid, deltamethrin, by five-fold in Xenopus oocytes. In contrast, neither E434K nor C764R alone decreased channel sensitivity to deltamethrin. However, E434K or C764R combined with L993F reduced deltamethrin sensitivity by 100-fold. Furthermore, concomitant presence of all three mutations (KRF) reduced channel sensitivity to deltamethrin by 500-fold. None of the mutations significantly affected channel gating. However, sodium current amplitudes from the mutant sodium channel carrying either E434K or C764R alone were much reduced compared to those of the wild-type channel or the channel carrying the double or triple mutations (KF, RF and KRF). These results indicated that evolution of sodium channel insensitivity in the German cockroach is achieved by sequential selection of a primary mutation L993F and two secondary mutations E434K and C764R, and concomitant presence of all three mutations dramatically reduced sodium channel sensitivity to deltamethrin. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Program Neurosci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Pharmacia Corp, Pharmacol, Kalamazoo, MI 49007 USA. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Dong, K (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Ctr Integrated Plant Syst, Rm 106, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM057440-12, R01 GM057440, 08-1GM57440A] NR 41 TC 57 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 32 IS 4 BP 445 EP 454 AR PII S0965-1748(01)00122-9 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(01)00122-9 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 537UQ UT WOS:000174778300010 PM 11886779 ER PT J AU Zeng, FR Zhu, YC Cohen, AC AF Zeng, FR Zhu, YC Cohen, AC TI Molecular cloning and partial characterization of a trypsin-like protein in salivary glands of Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera : Miridae) SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE isoelectric point (pl); zymogram gel; inhibitor; hemiptera; salivary glands; serine proteinases; trypsin; cDNA ID PARTIAL-PURIFICATION; CHORISTONEURA-FUMIFERANA; ALKALINE PROTEASES; SERINE PROTEASES; DIGESTIVE PROTEINASES; SPATIAL-ORGANIZATION; SECRETORY MECHANISMS; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; GUT PROTEINASES AB Trypsin-like enzymes from the salivary gland complex (SGC) of Lygus hesperus Knight were partially purified by preparative isoelectric focusing (IEF). Enzyme active against Nalpha-benzoyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BApNA) focused at approximately pH 10 during IEF. This alkaline fraction gave a single activity band when analyzed with casein zymograms. The serine proteinase inhibitors, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and lima bean trypsin inhibitor, completely inhibited or suppressed the caseinolytic activity in the crude salivary gland extract as well as the IEF-purified sample. Chicken egg white trypsin inhibitor also inhibited the IEF-purified sample but was not effective against a major caseinolytic band in the crude salivary gland extract. These data indicated the presence of serine proteinases in the SGC of L. hesperus. Cloning and sequencing of a trypsin-like precursor cDNA provided additional direct evidence for serine proteinases in L. hesperus. The encoded trypsin-like protein included amino acid sequence motifs, which are conserved with five homologous serine proteinases from other insects. Typical features of the putative trypsin-like protein from L hesperus included residues in the serine proteinase active site (His(89), Asp(139), Ser(229)), conserved cysteine residues for disulfide bridges, residues (Asp(223), Gly(252), Gly(262)) that determine trypsin specificity, and both zymogen signal and activation peptides. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, JWDSRC, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Zeng, FR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 79 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 32 IS 4 BP 455 EP 464 AR PII S0965-1748(01)00123-0 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(01)00123-0 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 537UQ UT WOS:000174778300011 PM 11886780 ER PT J AU Kirisits, MJ Snoeyink, VL Chee-Sanford, JC Daugherty, BJ Brown, JC Raskin, L AF Kirisits, MJ Snoeyink, VL Chee-Sanford, JC Daugherty, BJ Brown, JC Raskin, L TI Effect of operating conditions on bromate removal efficiency in BAC filters SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON; BROMIDE-CONTAINING WATERS; REDUCTION; PERFORMANCE; OZONATION; REACTOR AB This study examined the use of biologically active carbon (BAC) filters for microbial reduction of bromate to bromide. In these filters, abiotic reduction by the activated carbon did not play a significant role in bromate removal. Bromate removal in a BAC filter decreased by 30% after a system perturbation, suggesting that filter history affects bromate removal. Although 25 and 51 mm (1 and 2 in,) inner-diameter BAC filters provided comparable bromate removals for the tested contact times, the larger filter exhibited nitrite production; therefore, system performance must be monitored to prevent such undesirable compounds from entering the water. The mass of bromate removed increased as the influent bromate concentration increased, whereas bromate removal did not change after backwashing. Experimental evidence indicated that increased regrowth would not be observed in the distribution system following BAC filtration with a low influent dissolved oxygen concentration (2 mg/L) in ale tested water. C1 USDA, Champaign, IL USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Carollo Engineers, Boise, ID USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD APR PY 2002 VL 94 IS 4 BP 182 EP 193 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 540DV UT WOS:000174914900022 ER PT J AU Fisher, JR Edwards, DL AF Fisher, JR Edwards, DL TI Temperature-dependent egg hatch and cold storage of eggs of Otiorhynchus ovatus (L.) (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Insecta; strawberry root weevil; low temperature; egg development AB Egg hatch of the strawberry root weevil, Otiorhynchus ovatus (L.) was studied at constant temperature intervals from 6 to 36degreesC. Storage of eggs for use in rearing and pot and field infestations was studied at six low-temperature treatments (<16&DEG;C) for storage intervals up to 15 wk. Limited hatch was obtained at 6 and 33&DEG;C but mortality was >85%. Preliminary studies had shown that there was 100% mortality at 3 and 36degreesC. We conclude that the lower threshold for egg development would be similar to4degreesC and the upper lethal temperature was between 33 and 36degreesC. There was <10% mortality at all other temperatures (>6degreesC <33&DEG;C). Rate of development of the eggs to hatch was fit to a nonlinear curve. The lowest mortality and least amount of time for duration of hatch were found at 21&DEG;C. After examining mortality, rate of development, and the overall duration of hatch, we concluded that the optimum temperature range for O. ovatus egg hatch was 18-27&DEG;C. We found that eggs could be stored and be >60% viable at a temperature of 4degreesC for up to 4 wk. C1 ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Fisher, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOUTH CAROLINA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI CLEMSON PA PO BOX 582, CLEMSON, SC 29633 USA SN 1523-5475 J9 J AGR URBAN ENTOMOL JI J. Agr. Urban Entomol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 19 IS 2 BP 109 EP 116 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 776KB UT WOS:000189114200005 ER PT J AU Olness, A Archer, DW Gesch, RW Rinke, J AF Olness, A Archer, DW Gesch, RW Rinke, J TI Resin-extractable phosphorus, vanadium, calcium and magnesium as factors in maize (Zea mays L.) yield SO JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE calcium; maize; magnesium; phosphorus; resin extraction; vanadium; Zea mays L. ID VANADATE; ELEMENT AB Resin extraction of soil permits evaluation of ratios of readily extracted elements and correlation of concentrations obtained with crop yield. This information provides guidance on potential genotype selection and fertility management. Two hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.), designated 2292 and 3895, were grown annually in rotational succession on a 3.2-ha site with soybean (Glycine max L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Soil samples (0-15 cm) were extracted with ion-exchange resins and extracts ere analysed with inductively coupled plasma. Data were regressed against crop yield using stepwise multiple correlation methods. Each hybrid was sensitive to unique combinations of extracted chemistries. Both hybrids of maize were sensitive to the resin-extractable V : (V + P) molar ratio and potential losses of greater than or equal to 20 % were indicated as the ratio approached 0.2. A positive response to the Mg : (Mg + Ca) resin-extractable ratio was noted for maize hybrid 2292 in each of three successive years. Changes of yield potentials associated with the Mg : (Mg + Ca) ratio for hybrid 2292 ranged from none to greater than or equal to 20 as the ratio ranged from 0.2 to about 0.8. The results indicate that, ha the presence of large extractable concentrations of competing or inhibitory ions, different approaches to nutrient management in the form of fertilizer nutrient analysis. application. and genotype selection are needed to overcome effects of competing ions. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, MWA, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Olness, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, MWA, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. OI Archer, David/0000-0002-4816-7040 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0931-2250 J9 J AGRON CROP SCI JI J. Agron. Crop Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 188 IS 2 BP 94 EP 101 DI 10.1046/j.1439-037X.2002.00545.x PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 549CZ UT WOS:000175428100005 ER PT J AU Riley, DG Chase, CC Hammond, AC West, RL Johnson, DD Olson, TA Coleman, SW AF Riley, DG Chase, CC Hammond, AC West, RL Johnson, DD Olson, TA Coleman, SW TI Estimated genetic parameters for carcass traits of Brahman cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Brahman; carcass quality; carcass yield; feedlots; genetic parameters ID INTRAMUSCULAR FAT-CONTENT; KOREAN NATIVE CATTLE; BEEF-CATTLE; BREEDING VALUES; FIELD RECORDS; BOS-INDICUS; GROWTH; HERITABILITIES; PALATABILITY; ULTRASOUND AB Heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlations were estimated from feedlot and carcass data collected from Brahman calves (n = 504) in central Florida from 1996 to 2000. Data were analyzed using animal models in MTDFREML. Models included contemporary group (n = 44; groups of calves of the same sex, fed in the same pen, slaughtered on the same day) as a fixed effect and calf age in days at slaughter as a continuous variable. Estimated feedlot trait heritabilities were 0.64, 0.67, 0.47, and 0.26 for ADG, hip height at slaughter, slaughter weight, and shrink. The USDA yield grade estimated heritability was 0.71; heritabilities for component traits of yield grade, including hot carcass weight, adjusted 12th rib backfat thickness, loin muscle area, and percentage kidney, pelvic, and heart fat were 0.55, 0.63, 0.44, and 0.46, respectively. Heritability estimates for dressing percentage, marbling score, USDA quality grade, cutability, retail yield, and carcass hump height were 0.77, 0.44,0.47, 0.71, 0.5, and 0.54, respectively. Estimated genetic correlations of adjusted 12th rib backfat thickness with ADG, slaughter weight, marbling score, percentage kidney, pelvic, and heart fat, and yield grade (0.49, 0.46, 0.56, 0.63, and 0.93, respectively) were generally larger than most literature estimates. Estimated genetic correlations of marbling score with ADG, percentage shrink, loin muscle area, percentage kidney, pelvic, and heart fat, USDA yield grade, cutability, retail yield, and carcass hump height were 0.28, 0.49, 0.44, 0.27, 0.45, -0.43, 0.27, and 0.43, respectively. Results indicate that sufficient genetic variation exists within the Brahman breed for design and implementation of effective selection programs for important carcass quality and yield traits. C1 USDA, ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Riley, DG (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Subtrop Agr Res Stn, 22271 Chinsegut Hill Rd, Brooksville, FL 34601 USA. NR 42 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 80 IS 4 BP 955 EP 962 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 538HE UT WOS:000174808700012 PM 12008662 ER PT J AU Montgomery, JL Carr, MA Kerth, CR Hilton, GG Price, BP Galyean, ML Horst, RL Miller, MF AF Montgomery, JL Carr, MA Kerth, CR Hilton, GG Price, BP Galyean, ML Horst, RL Miller, MF TI Effect of vitamin D-3 supplementation level on the postmortem tenderization of beef from steers SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; calcium; residues; tenderness; vitamin D ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE FIBERS; CALCIUM-CHLORIDE; TROPONIN-C; QUALITY TRAITS; BOVINE MUSCLE; DAIRY-COWS; CA-2+-DEPENDENT PROTEASES; LONGISSIMUS TENDERNESS; REGULATORY SITES; OVINE CARCASSES AB The objective of this experiment was to deter-mine the effect of different doses of vitamin D-3 (VITD) on beef feedlot performance, plasma and muscle Ca2+ tissue residues, and improvement of Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS) and panel tenderness. A total of 167 steers were fed one of six levels of VITD. The VITD treatments (28 steers/treatment) were 0, 0.5 x 10(6), 1 x 10(6), 2.5 x 10(6), 5 x 10(6), and 7.5 x 10(6) IU/steer daily of VITD fed nine consecutive days before slaughter. Feedlot performance and plasma Ca2+ were measured during the last 21 days on feed. Warner-Bratzler shear force was measured on strip loin and top round steaks at 7, 10, 14, and 21 d postmortem. The VITD treatments of 5 and 7.5 x 106 IU/steer daily decreased (P < 0.05) ADG, and VITD supplementation of 2.5, 5, and 7.5 x 106 IU/steer daily decreased average dry matter feed intake (P < 0.05) at the end of the feeding trial. Plasma Ca2+ increased linearly with VITD treatment (P < 0.01). Calpastatin and calpain activity were not influenced by treatment (P > 0.05), but muscle Ca2+ was increased (P < 0.05) by VITD treatments of 1, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 10(6) IU/steer daily. Feeding VITD did not influence (P > 0.05) carcass quality or yield traits. Supplementing VITD at levels of 1, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 106 IU/steer daily increased (P < 0.05) VITD concentrations in strip loin and liver samples. Cooking liver decreased VITD concentrations 10 to 28%. Vitamin D3 treatments of 0.5 and 7.5 x 10(6) IU/d reduced strip loin steak WBS at d 7 (P < 0.05), but VITD treatments did not decrease strip loin steak WBS at any other time postmortem. The VITD treatments of 0.5, 1, and 5 x 10(6) IU/steer daily decreased top round steak WBS at 7 d, and all VITD treatments decreased 10-d top round steak WBS (P < 0.05). Supplementing steers with 0.5 x 10(6) IU/steer daily of VITD also decreased (P < 0.05) top round steak WBS at 21 d postmortem compared with controls. Sensory tenderness at 7 d postmortem was increased (P < 0.05) by all VITD treatments in top round steaks, yet strip loin tenderness scores were not affected (P > 0.05) by VITD treatment. Treatment with VITD quadratically decreased (P < 0.05) round WBS. Thus, VITD treatment will effectively improve tenderness when cattle tend to be tough and have no impact on cattle that produce tender beef. Feeding steers 0.5 x 10(6) IU of VITD daily for 9 d improved tenderness in two muscles without negatively affecting feedlot performance or tissue residues. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Food Technol, Meat Lab, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Angelo State Univ, Dept Agr, San Angelo, TX 76909 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Miller, MF (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Food Technol, Meat Lab, Box 42162, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 61 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 80 IS 4 BP 971 EP 981 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 538HE UT WOS:000174808700014 PM 12002334 ER PT J AU Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Koohmaraie, M AF Wheeler, TL Shackelford, SD Koohmaraie, M TI Technical note: Sampling methodology for relating sarcomere length, collagen concentration, and the extent of postmortem proteolysis to beef and pork longissimus tenderness SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef; methodology; prediction; pork; quality; tenderness ID PALATABILITY TRAITS; MUSCLE TENDERNESS AB The objective of this study was to determine the effect of sampling methodology on the relationship between longissimus tenderness and measures of biochemical meat traits. Sampling methodology included measurements of sarcomere length, collagen concentration, and postmortem desmin proteolysis on raw samples and measurements of these same traits on the same cooked meat used for shear force measurement. Twenty crossbred steers and 20 crossbred barrows were used for these studies. The beef longissimus thoracis were vacuum-packaged, stored at 2degreesC until 14 d postmortem, then frozen and stored at -30degreesC. The pork longissimus thoracis et lumborum were vacuum-packaged, stored at 2degreesC until 7 d postmortem, then frozen and stored at -30degreesC. Trained sensory panel tenderness rating ranged from 3.1 to 7.6 for beef and 4.1 to 7.4 for pork. The coefficient of variation was lower for sarcomere length than for all other traits. Simple correlation coefficients between measurements on raw and cooked samples were 0.58 (beef) and 0.11 (pork) for sarcomere length, 0.66 (beef) and 0.59 (pork) for collagen, and 0.74 (beef) and 0.76 (pork) for desmin degradation. Simple correlation coefficients between biochemical traits and measures of tenderness (Warner-Bratzler shear force and trained sensory tenderness rating) were higher or not different for cooked compared to raw samples. Correlation coefficients between biochemical traits and tenderness rating were 0.38 (raw) and 0.22 (cooked) for sarcomere length, -0.12 (raw) and -0.45 (cooked) for collagen, and 0.48 (raw) and 0.80 (cooked) for desmin degradation in beef longissimus and 0.14 (raw) and 0.15 (cooked) for sarcomere length, -0.38 (raw) and -0.33 (cooked) for collagen, and 0.53 (raw) and 0.67 (cooked) for desmin degradation in pork longissimus. The coefficients of determination for explaining variation in tenderness rating using sarcomere length, collagen concentration, and desmin degradation for raw and cooked samples were 0.43 and 0.73 (beef) and 0.48 and 0.57 (pork), respectively. This study indicates that measurements of biochemical traits on the same cooked meat as used for shear force determination account for more of the variation in measures of tenderness than biochemical measurements made on a separate raw sample. C1 USDA, ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Wheeler, TL (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RI Koohmaraie, Mohammad/A-2108-2013 FU NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-7-3263] NR 19 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 80 IS 4 BP 982 EP 987 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 538HE UT WOS:000174808700015 PM 12002335 ER PT J AU Seals, RC Matamoros, I Lewis, GS AF Seals, RC Matamoros, I Lewis, GS TI Relationship between postpartum changes in 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF(2 alpha) concentrations in Holstein cows and their susceptibility to endometritis SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy cattle; eicosanoids; endometritis; predisposition; prostaglandins ID PROSTAGLANDIN-F2-ALPHA METABOLITE CONCENTRATIONS; PHASE ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS; UTERINE INFECTIONS; ESTROUS-CYCLE; BOVINE; PLASMA; PROGESTERONE; INVITRO AB Uterine infections (i.e., endometritis) can have a major economic impact on dairy production. Identifying cows that are susceptible to endometritis and improving the diagnosis of endometritis could lead to a reduction in the impact of such infections. Thus, we used Holstein cows to determine whether postpartum changes in 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF(2alpha) (PGFM), a metabolite of PGF(2alpha) could be used to identify cows that are susceptible to endometritis and to improve the diagnosis of endometritis. Cows were assigned to three treatments. 1) Control (n = 10) had no clinical or bacteriological signs of endometritis during the study. 2) Treated (n = 11) developed endometritis spontaneously and were treated i.m. with 25 mg of PGF(2alpha) immediately after clinical diagnosis (d 17.6 +/- 0.8 postpartum; (x) over bar +/- SEM). 3) Untreated (n = 10) developed endometritis spontaneously and were not treated after diagnosis (d 20.0 +/- 0.5). Examinations of external and internal genitalia and bacteriological data were used to diagnose endometritis. From d 0 (calving) until approximately d 63 postpartum, jugular blood was collected three times weekly. Progesterone and PGFM were quantified in plasma. For PGFM, the treatment x day interaction was significant (P < 0.01). Overall PGFM profiles for Control and Treated differed (P < 0.05), but the Untreated profile did not differ from either Control or Treated. To better understand the interaction, PGFM data from d 0 to 35 postpartum were partitioned into consecutive 7-d periods, and d-36 and greater data were partitioned into one period, Effects of treatment, day, and the treatment x day interaction were then evaluated within period. Except for the d-15 to -21 period, PGFM was greater (P < 0.03) in Control than in Treated and Untreated. In Treated and Untreated, PGFM increased during the d- 15 to -21 period. For progesterone, treatment did not affect the profiles, but day was significant (P < 0.001). Progesterone concentrations were basal from d 0 until approximately d 12, and they generally increased after d 12. Onset of endometritis was associated with increased progesterone concentrations. Treatment did not affect the interval from calving to first detected estrus (29.5 +/- 4.9 d) or from calving to AI (73.3 +/- 8.7 d). We conclude that PGFM measures have the potential to be used to identify cows that are more likely to develop endometritis and that PGFM may aid in the diagnosis of endometritis. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Escuela Agr Panamericana, Zamorano, Honduras. RP Lewis, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, HC 62 Box 2010, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. NR 33 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 80 IS 4 BP 1068 EP 1073 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 538HE UT WOS:000174808700026 PM 12002313 ER PT J AU De Visscher, A Harper, LA Westerman, PW Liang, Z Arogo, J Sharpe, RR Van Cleemput, O AF De Visscher, A Harper, LA Westerman, PW Liang, Z Arogo, J Sharpe, RR Van Cleemput, O TI Ammonia emissions from anaerobic swine lagoons: Model development SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-MODEL; VOLATILIZATION AB Concentrated animal production may represent a significant source for ammonia emissions to the environment. Most concentrated animal production systems use anaerobic or liquid/slurry systems for wasteholding; thus, it is desirable to be able to predict ammonia emissions from these systems. A process model was developed to use commonly available measurements, including effluent concentration, water temperature, wind speed, and effluent pH. The developed model simulated emissions, as measured by micrometeorological techniques, with an accuracy that explains 70% of the variability of the data using average daily emissions and explains 50% of the variability of the data using 4-h average data. The process model did not show increased accuracy over a statistical model, but the deviations between model and measurement were distributed more evenly in the case of the process model than in the case of the statistical model. C1 State Univ Ghent, Fac Agr & Appl Biol Sci, Lab Appl Phys Chem, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. ARS, USDA, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Res Conservat Ctr, So Piedmont Conservat Res Unit, Watkinsville, GA USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP De Visscher, A (reprint author), State Univ Ghent, Fac Agr & Appl Biol Sci, Lab Appl Phys Chem, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RI De Visscher, Alex/B-3618-2008; Liang, Zhihua/A-3605-2012; Ogejo, Jactone/M-1232-2013; OI Ogejo, Jactone/0000-0002-4182-6891; De Visscher, Alex/0000-0002-2464-7605 NR 18 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 41 IS 4 BP 426 EP 433 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 528PE UT WOS:000174251500006 ER PT J AU Biresaw, G Carriere, CJ AF Biresaw, G Carriere, CJ TI Interfacial tension of polycaprolactone/polystyrene blends by the imbedded fiber retraction method SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polycaprolactone; polystyrene; polymer blends; interfacial tension; imbedded fiber retraction ID COPOLYMERS; SURFACE AB Polycaprolactone (PCL) is a biodegradable polyester that is widely used in blends with synthetic and natural polymers for various applications. PCL is blended with biopolymers such as starch to improve its wet mechanical properties without impairing the biodegradability and other useful properties of starch. In spite of its importance, little is known about the interfacial tension of PCL blends. Indirect estimates of the room-temperature interfacial tension of PCL blends using wettability methods have been reported. However, direct measurements of the interfacial tension of PCL blends have not been achieved until now, mainly because of the unsuitability of existing equilibrium methods for measuring the interfacial tension of high viscosity blends. We have measured the interfacial tension of PCL/PS blends using the imbedded fiber retraction (IFR) method. The IFR is a dynamic method that allows for the measurement of interfacial tension of high viscosity polymer blends in a relatively short period of time. The interfacial tension of PCL/PS blends was measured from 160 to 200degreesC. In this temperature range, the interfacial tension of PCL/PS blends is independent of temperature and has a value of 7.6 +/- 1.8 dyn/cm. (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biomat Proc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Biresaw, G (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biomat Proc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 17 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 83 IS 14 BP 3145 EP 3151 DI 10.1002/app.10178 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 516CQ UT WOS:000173534600025 ER PT J AU Healy, FG Krasnoff, SB Wach, M Gibson, DM Loria, R AF Healy, FG Krasnoff, SB Wach, M Gibson, DM Loria, R TI Involvement of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase in thaxtomin a biosynthesis by Streptomyces acidiscabies SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLANT-PATHOGENIC STREPTOMYCES; GENE-CLUSTER; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; COELICOLOR A3(2); HIGH-PRESSURE; SEQUENCE; CLONING; ORGANIZATION; EXPRESSION; SCABIES AB The biosynthesis of the thaxtomin cyclic dipeptide phytotoxins proceeds nonribosomally via the thiotemplate mechanism. Acyladenylation, thioesterification, N-methylation, and cyclization of two amino acid substrates are catalyzed by the txAB-encoded thaxtomin synthetase. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the region 3' of txtAB in Streptomyces acidiscabies 84.104 identified an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a homolog of the P450 monooxygenase gene family. It was proposed that thaxtomin A phenylalanyl hydroxylation was catalyzed by the monooxygenase homolog. The ORF was mutated in S. acidiscabies 84.104 by using an integrative gene disruption construct, and culture filtrate extracts of the mutant were assayed for the presence of dehydroxy derivatives of thaxtomin A. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC-mass spectrometry indicated that the major component in culture filtrate extracts of the mutant was less polar and smaller than thaxtomin A. Comparisons of electrospray mass spectra as well as (1)H- and (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the purified compound with those previously reported for thaxtomins confirmed the structure of the compound as 12,15-N-dimethylcyclo-(L-4-nitrotryptophyl-L-phenylalanyl), the didehydroxy analog of thaxtomin A. The ORF, designated WC, was cloned and the recombinant six-His-tagged fusion protein produced in Escherichia coli and purified from cell extracts. TxtC produced in E. coli exhibited spectral properties similar to those of cytochrome P450-type hemoproteins that have undergone conversion to the catalytically inactive P420 form. Based on these properties and the high similarity of TxtC to other well-characterized P450 enzymes, we conclude that txtC encodes a cytochrome P450-type monooxygenase required for postcyclization hydroxylation of the cyclic dipeptide. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Loria, R (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, 334 Plant Sci Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM rl21@cornell.edu NR 50 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 184 IS 7 BP 2019 EP 2029 DI 10.1128/JB.184.7.2019-2029.2002 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 532CL UT WOS:000174454000027 PM 11889110 ER PT J AU Kinscherf, TG Willis, DK AF Kinscherf, TG Willis, DK TI Global regulation by gidA in Pseudomonas sytingae SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYRINGAE PV SYRINGAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MIOC TRANSCRIPTION; REPLICATION ORIGIN; DNA-REPLICATION; CELL-CYCLE; GENE; INITIATION; MUTANT; LEMA AB Analysis of two virulence mutants of Pseudomonas syringae B728a revealed that the Tn 5 sites of insertion were within the gidA open reading frame (ORF). These mutations were pleiotropic, affecting diverse phenotypic traits, such as lipodepsipeptide (syringomycin and syringopeptin) antibiotic production, swarming, presence of fluorescent pigment, and virulence. Site-specific recombination of a disrupted gid4 gene into the chromosome resulted in the same phenotypic pattern as transposon insertion. Mutant phenotypes were restored by the gid4 ORF on a plasmid. The saL4 gene, a copy number suppressor of the syringomycin-deficient phenotype in gacS and gacA mutants, was also found to suppress the antibiotic-negative phenotypes of gidA mutants, suggesting that gidA might play some role in saL4 regulation. Reporter studies with chromosomal saL4-lacZ translational fusions confirmed that saL4 reporter expression decreased approximately fivefold in a gidA mutant background, with a concurrent decrease in the expression of the syringomycin biosynthetic reporter fusion syrB-lacZ. Wild-type levels of reporter expression were restored by supplying an intact gidA gene on a plasmid. Often described as being involved in cell division, more recent evidence suggests a role for gidA in moderating translational fidelity, suggesting a mechanism by which global regulation might occur. The gidA gene is essentially universal in the domains Bacteria and Eucarya but has no counterparts in Archaea, probably reflecting specific differences in the translational machinery between the former and latter domains. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Plant Dis Resistance Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Willis, DK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Plant Dis Resistance Res Unit, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 37 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 184 IS 8 BP 2281 EP 2286 DI 10.1128/JB.184.8.2281-2286.2002 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 535WJ UT WOS:000174669100026 PM 11914360 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH Welsh, SL Gardner, DR AF Ralphs, MH Welsh, SL Gardner, DR TI Distribution of locoweed toxin swainsonine in populations of Oxytropis lambertii SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lambert locoweed; crazyweed; Oxytropis lambertii; swainsonine; livestock poisoning; toxic plant; poisonous plant ID ASTRAGALUS AB Oxytropis lambertii has been considered to be one of the major locoweeds responsible for livestock poisoning on rangelands, but there has been much confusion as to its taxonomic identity. The objective of this study was to conduct a field survey of several populations of each of the three varieties [var. lambertii Pursh; var bigelovii A. Gray; var. articulata (E. Greene) Barneby] to document the presence or absence of the locoweed toxin, swainsonine. Swainsonine was found at detectable levels (>0.001% dry weight) in only five populations of var. bigelovii in the southwest portion of its distribution in southern Utah, Arizona, and southwestern New Mexico, USA. No swainsonine was detected in populations in the northeast areas of its distribution (eastern Utah, Colorado, northeastern New Mexico, USA). The other varieties, articulata and lambertii, also did not contain swainsonine. It is suspected that a plant fungal endophyte may be responsible for the high variability in swainsonine content in populations of O. lambertii. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Bean Nat Hist Museum, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 28 IS 4 BP 701 EP 707 AR UNSP 0098-0331/02/0400-0701/0 DI 10.1023/A:1015228507950 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 552PJ UT WOS:000175628500004 PM 12035920 ER PT J AU Byers, JA AF Byers, JA TI Internet programs for drawing moth pheromone analogs and searching literature database SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lepidoptera; moth pheromone components; epoxides; aldehydes; alcohols; acetate esters; Internet; JavaScript; computer program; Java applet; database; vapor pressures ID SEX-PHEROMONE; BIOSYNTHESIS; LEPIDOPTERA; ACETATE AB An Internet web page is described for organizing and analyzing information about lepidopteran sex pheromone components. Hypertext markup language(HTML) with JavaScript program code is used to draw moth pheromone analogs by combining GIF bitmap images for viewing by web browsers such as Netscape or Microsoft Internet Explorer. Straight-chain hydrocarbons of 5-22 carbons with epoxides or unsaturated positions of E or Z geometrical configuration with several alternative functional groups can be drawn by simply checking menu bars or checkboxes representing chain length, E/Z unsaturation points, epoxide position and chirality, and optional functional groups. The functional group can be an aldehyde, alcohol, or ester of formate, acetate, propionate, or butyrate. The program is capable of drawing several million structures and naming them [e.g., (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol and abbreviated as E8E10-12:OH]. A Java applet program run from the same page searches for the presently drawn structure in an internal database compiled from the Pherolist, and if the component is found, provides a textarea display of the families and species using the component. Links are automatically specified for drawn components if found in the Pherolist web site (maintained by H. Arn). Windowed links can also be made to two other JavaScript programs that allow searches of a web site database with over 5900 research citations on lepidopteran semiochemicals and a calculator of vapor pressures of some moth sex pheromone analogs at a specified temperature. Various evolutionary and biosynthetic aspects are discussed in regard to the diversity of moth sex pheromone components. C1 Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Crop Sci, SE-23053 Alnarp, Sweden. RP Byers, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 28 IS 4 BP 807 EP 817 AR UNSP 0098-0331/02/0400-0807/0 DI 10.1023/A:1015244911584 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 552PJ UT WOS:000175628500012 PM 12035928 ER PT J AU Conway, JM Irwin, ML Ainsworth, BE AF Conway, JM Irwin, ML Ainsworth, BE TI Estimating energy expenditure from the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity and Tecumseh Occupational Activity questionnaires - a doubly labeled water validation SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE males; validation; doubly labeled water; energy expenditure ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; INDIRECT-CALORIMETRY; ACCURACY; RECALL; DEATH; RISK AB An accurate, simple method for assessing energy expenditure in individuals and in free-living populations continues to be elusive. To compare estimates, of energy expenditure (EE) from a combination of two previously validated physical activity questionnaires: Tecumseh Occupational (EETEC) and a 4-wk history version of the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity that included household activities (EEMNLTPA) and EE from sleep (EESLEEP), to EE obtained from doubly labeled water (EEDLW), We studied free-living males (it = 24) eating a controlled diet designed to maintain body weight and determined EE from doubly labeled water (DLW) during 14 days and EE from physical activity instruments used in epidemiological studies (EETEC and EEMNLTPA). There was excellent agreement between EEDLW (mean +/- SEM, 13.55 +/- 0.38 MJ/d) and EETEC + EEMNLTPA + EESLEEP (EETOTAL1) (13.79 +/- 0.89 MJ/d) with a difference of only 1.0% +/- 5.4%. When the EE from watching TV, reading, and childcare activities was added the total EE (EETOTAL2) (14,87 +/- 0.90 MJ/D) overestimated EEDLW by 8.9% +/- 5.4%. Both of these estimates of EE had significant regressions against EEDLW (EETEC + EEMNLTPA + EFSLEEP R-2 = 0.38, P < 0.001; EETOTAL2, R-2 = 0.39, P < 0.001). Men whose occupations involved significant intermittent moderate activity had the largest disagreement between EEDLW and estimates from the questionnaires. This investigation demonstrates that a combination of previously validated physical activity questionnaires can be used to accurately determine the mean energy expenditure of a population of employed males. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, BHNRC, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Exercise Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Conway, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BHNRC, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Bldg 308,Room 122, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 36 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 55 IS 4 BP 392 EP 399 AR PII S0895-4356(01)00497-8 DI 10.1016/S0895-4356(01)00497-8 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 533ET UT WOS:000174517000011 PM 11927208 ER PT J AU Bannantine, JP Baechler, E Zhang, Q Li, LL Kapur, V AF Bannantine, JP Baechler, E Zhang, Q Li, LL Kapur, V TI Genome scale comparison of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium reveals potential diagnostic sequences SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JOHNES-DISEASE; BOVIS BCG; DNA; IS900; TUBERCULOSIS AB The genetic similarity between Alycobarterium avium subsp.paratuberculosis and other mycobacterial species has confounded the development of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific diagnostic reagents. Random shotgun sequencing of the M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genome in our laboratories has shown >98% sequence Identity with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in some regions. However, an in silico comparison of the largest annotated M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis contigs, totaling 2,658,271 bp, with the unfinished H. avium subsp. avium genome has revealed 27 predicted M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis coding sequences that do not align with Al. avium subsp. avium sequences. BLASTP analysis of the 27 predicted coding sequences (genes) shows that 24 do not match sequences in public sequence databases, such as GenBank. These novel sequences were examined by PCR amplification with genomic DNA from eight mycobacterial species and ten independent isolates of Al. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. From these analyses, 21 genes were found to be present in all Al. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates and absent from all other mycobacterial species tested. One region of the M avium subsp. paratuberculosis genome contains a cluster of eight genes, arranged in tandem, that is absent in other mycobacterial species. This region spans 4.4 kb and is separated from other predicted coding regions by 1,408 bp upstream and 1,092 bp downstream. The gene upstream of this eight-gene cluster has strong similarity to mycobacteriophage integrase sequences. The GC content of this 4.4-kb region is 66%, which is similar to the rest of the genome, indicating that this region was not horizontally acquired recently. Southern hybridization analysis confirmed that this gene cluster is present only in Al. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Collectively, these studies suggest that a genomics approach will help in identifying novel Al. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genes as candidate diagnostic sequences. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Biomed Genomics Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Bannantine, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 N Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RI Kapur, Vivek/F-7610-2013; Gillespie, Emily/N-1265-2013; OI Gillespie, Emily/0000-0001-5261-3931; Kapur, Vivek/0000-0002-9648-0138; Bannantine, John/0000-0002-5692-7898 NR 25 TC 88 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 4 BP 1303 EP 1310 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.4.1303-1310.2002 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 538GX UT WOS:000174808000030 PM 11923349 ER PT J AU Paape, MJ Rautiainen, PM Lilius, EM Malstrom, CE Elsasser, TH AF Paape, MJ Rautiainen, PM Lilius, EM Malstrom, CE Elsasser, TH TI Development of anti-bovine TNF-alpha mAb and ELISA for quantitating TNF-alpha in milk after intramammary injection of endotoxin SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE tumor necrosis factor-alpha; endotoxin; lipopolysaccharide; mastitis ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; HUMAN-MONOCYTES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BINDING-PROTEIN; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; CD14; MACROPHAGES; CYTOKINES; CELLS; COWS AB Murine mAb reactive with recombinant bovine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (r-boTNF-alpha) were produced. An ELISA using murine mAb and rabbit polyclonal antibodies, each reactive with r-boTNF-alpha to sandwich bovine TNF-alpha was developed. Secretion of TNF-alpha in quarter milk increased 1 h after injection of 0.1 mg (four cows) or 0.5 mg (four cows) Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into a mammary quarter, peaked 1 to 5 h later, and returned to control levels in 24 h. There were no differences in body temperature, SCC, TNF-alpha, and blood leukocyte responses between 0.1 and 0.5 mg of LPS. To determine effects of repeated injections of LPS into the same udder, a second injection of 0.1 mg of LPS into the same quarter (two cows) 24 h after the first injection produced a strongly attenuated TNF-alpha response. However, a normal TNF-alpha response was observed when LPS was injected into a contralateral quarter (two cows) 24 h after the first LPS injection. Leukocyte counts in blood decreased and body temperature increased substantially after each injection of LPS. Quarter milk SCC increased 200-fold 8 to 12 h after the LPS injections. It would appear that these changes were not regulated by TNF-alpha secretion because the changes were also similar after the second injection of LPS into the same mammary quarter. C1 ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Turku, Dept Biochem, FIN-20500 Turku, Finland. ARS, Growth Biol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Paape, MJ (reprint author), ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 85 IS 4 BP 765 EP 773 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 546FK UT WOS:000175262300009 PM 12018421 ER PT J AU Shapiro, M AF Shapiro, M TI Effects of anion and cation inhibitors and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors upon the activity of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) nucleo-polyhedrovirus SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lymantria dispar; inhibitors; viral activity; enhancement ID RED-BLOOD-CELL; FALL ARMYWORM LEPIDOPTERA; FLUFENAMATE-BINDING SITE; FLUORESCENT BRIGHTENER; OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS; AMPHIPHILIC COMPOUNDS; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; BAND-3 PROTEIN; MEMBRANE; TRANSPORT AB Twenty chemicals that were reported to act as anion transport inhibitors, cation transport inhibitors, and inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase activity were tested at a 1% concentration (wt:wt) for their effects upon the biological activity of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV). Among the five anion transport inhibitors tested, flufenamic acid acted as a viral enhancer. None of the seven inhibitors of K+ enhanced viral activity and three (4-aminopyridine, diacetyl, and procaine) significantly reduced the activity of LdMNPV. All four Na+ transport inhibitors (abietic acid, amiloride, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, triamterene) acted as viral enhancers. Triamterene was the most active enhancer, as the LC50 was reduced by approximate to1,750-fold. Five carbonic anhydrase inhibitors were tested and four (acetazolamide, hydrochlorothiazide, methazolamide, sulfanilamide) enhanced the activity of LdMNPV. Acetazolamide (a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor), amiloride (a Na+ transport inhibitor), and flufenamic acid (an anion transport inhibitor) were tested singly and in different combinations. Every combination tested (acetazolamide/amiloride, acetazolamide/flufenamic acid, amiloride/flufenamic acid, acetazolamide/amiloride/flufenamic acid) significantly decreased the LC50 from 7.79 PIB/mm 2 to a value as low as 0.008 PIB/mm(2) (amiloride/flufenamic acid). C1 USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shapiro, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 95 IS 2 BP 237 EP 242 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 600BR UT WOS:000178371200003 PM 12019995 ER PT J AU Shapiro, M Farrar, RR Domek, J Javaid, I AF Shapiro, M Farrar, RR Domek, J Javaid, I TI Effects of virus concentration and ultraviolet irradiation on the activity of corn earworm and beet armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) nucleopolyhedroviruses SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Helicoverpa zea; Spodoptera exigua; viruses; ultraviolet radiation ID NUCLEAR-POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; LYMANTRIIDAE; PROTECTANTS; SUNLIGHT; RADIATION; SCREENS AB Laboratory studies were initiated to determine the relationship between virus. concentration and radiation-caused inactivation of NPVs from Helicoverpa zea (HzSNPV) and Spodoptera exigua (SeMNPV). In the laboratory, a UV-B/UV-A system was used for inactivation studies. For both viruses inactivation was dependent upon both length of UV exposure and virus concentration. At all virus concentrations HzSNPV was more sensitive to UV than SeMNPV: In the field HzSNPV was used and virus persistence was significantly affected by virus concentration (i.e., inactivation was inversely related to virus concentration). C1 USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shapiro, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 95 IS 2 BP 243 EP 249 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 600BR UT WOS:000178371200004 PM 12019996 ER PT J AU Alverson, J Cohen, AC AF Alverson, J Cohen, AC TI Effect of antifungal agents on biological fitness of Lygus hesperus (Heteroptera : Miridae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lygus hesperus; plant bugs; mass rearing; antifungal; artificial diet ID DIET AB Artificial diets have become important components of rearing systems for insects that are used for research purposes and in commercial production. Because the rearing conditions for insects also provide ideal settings for mold growth, antifungal additives are often used to reduce diet contamination. However, the antifungal agents must not only be effective in mold suppression, they must also be safe to the target insects of the rearing programs. The toxicity of five commonly used antifungal agents (benzoic acid, formalin, methyl paraben, propionic acid, and sorbic acid) was tested using diet bioassays on Lygus hesperus Knight, and the effect on biological fitness was measured. Biological fitness was defined as total number of survivors, mean biomass (dry weight) accumulated per cage over the total treatment period, egg production, time to adult emergence, and time to start of egg laying. Methyl paraben and formalin were found to have significant negative effects on these measurements of biological fitness. Challenge tests to determine the ability of the antifungal agents to suppress mold growth when inoculated into the diet medium are currently in progress. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Alverson, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM janalverson@msa-msstate.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 95 IS 2 BP 256 EP 260 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 600BR UT WOS:000178371200006 PM 12019998 ER PT J AU Shapiro, M Domek, J AF Shapiro, M Domek, J TI Relative effects of ultraviolet and visible light on the activities of corn earworm and beet armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) nucleopolyhedroviruses SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Helicoverpa zea; Spodoptera exigua; ultraviolet light; visible light ID NUCLEAR-POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; PIERIS-BRASSICAE; GRANULOSIS VIRUS; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; RADIATION; SUNLIGHT; UV; INACTIVATION AB Five different combinations of fluorescent tubes (UV-B/UV-B, UV-B/UV-A, UV-A/ UV-A, UV-B / White, White / White) were used to determine relative effects of UV and visible light on the nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPV) of Helicoverpa zea and Spodoptera exigua. For both viruses, the greatest inactivation occurred with exposure to UV-B radiation. Both virus concentration and radiation exposure time influenced the rate and degree of inactivation. In the case of the UV-A/UV-A and White/White combinations inactivation occurred only with the longest exposure (24 h) and the lowest virus concentration (0.747 PIB/mm(2)). The NPV from H. zea was found to be more sensitive to UV radiation than the NPV from S. exigua. C1 USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr W, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Shapiro, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Henry A Wallace Agr Res Ctr W, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM shapirom@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-0493 EI 1938-291X J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 95 IS 2 BP 261 EP 268 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 600BR UT WOS:000178371200007 ER PT J AU Slosser, JE Parajulee, MN Hendrix, DL Henneberry, TJ Rummel, DR AF Slosser, JE Parajulee, MN Hendrix, DL Henneberry, TJ Rummel, DR TI Relationship between Aphis gossypii (Homoptera : Aphididae) and sticky lint in cotton SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aphis gosssypii; honeydew; melezitose; thermodetector; sticky cotton; threshold ID BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; ALEYRODIDAE HONEYDEW; PLANT-TISSUES; QUALITY; INSECT; GLOVER AB The study was conducted in the northern Texas Rolling Plains in 1999 to define the relationship between number of cotton aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover, and resulting contamination of cotton lint by honeydew. Whole-plot treatments were three furrow irrigation management treatments: cotton grown without supplemental irrigation (dryland), irrigated cotton with last irrigation in mid August, and irrigated cotton with last irrigation in late August. Subplots within each irrigation treatment included an untreated check, a plot treated with lambda-cyhalothrin to stimulate aphid population increase, a plot treated with lambda-cyhalothrin followed by pymetrozine after aphids began to increase, and a plot treated with lambda-cyhalothrin followed by thiamethoxam after aphids began to increase. Cotton aphids were counted on leaves picked from the top and bottom half of the plant. Cotton lint was analyzed for contamination by glucose, fructose, sucrose, and melezitose secreted by cotton aphids, and percentage leaf moisture and nitrogen and leaf sucrose concentrations were determined. The manual sticky cotton thermodetector was used to determine degree of lint stickinesss. There was a significant relationship between thermodetector counts and melezitose contamination on lint, and a melezitose concentration of 90.9 mug/g of lint was associated with a thermodetector count of 10, the threshold for sticky lint problems in textile mills. An equation was developed to estimate melezitose concentration on lint as a function of average numbers of aphids per leaf and the interaction between percentage leaf moisture and nitrogen. The number of aphids per leaf associated with a melezitose concentration of 90.9 mug/g of lint ranged from 11.1 to 50.1, depending on percentage leaf moisture and nitrogen. The threshold for sticky lint problems occurred when aphid numbers ranged between 11.1 and 50.1 per leaf after bolls open. C1 Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA. RP Slosser, JE (reprint author), Texas Agr Exptl Stn, POB 1658, Vernon, TX 76385 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 95 IS 2 BP 299 EP 306 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 600BR UT WOS:000178371200012 PM 12020004 ER PT J AU Follett, PA AF Follett, PA TI Mango seed weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) and premature fruit drop in mangoes SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptorhynchus mangiferae; Sternochetus mangiferae; fruit drop; quarantine pest; crop loss ID MANAGEMENT AB The effect of infestations of mango seed weevil, Sternochetus mangiferae (F.), on premature fruit drop of mangoes was investigated. Mango fruits ('Haden') of equal size were collected both off the ground and from the tree at four times during the season (June-August). If weevil-infested fruit were more prone to dropping than uninfested fruit, the prediction was that a higher infestation rate would be found in fruit on the ground compared with fruit on the tree. Average fruit weight was used as an indicator of fruit maturity. The seed infestation rate was significantly higher in fruit collected off the ground compared with fruit collected from the tree in 38 g and 79 g (early-season) fruit but not significantly different in 207 g (midseason) and 281 g (late season) fruit. The age distribution of weevils and the number of insects in infested fruits were similar for ground and tree fruits on all dates. Results suggest that mango seed weevil infestation can increase fruit drop during early fruit development. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Follett, PA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 95 IS 2 BP 336 EP 339 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 600BR UT WOS:000178371200018 PM 12020010 ER PT J AU Butron, A Widstrom, NW Snook, ME Wiseman, BR AF Butron, A Widstrom, NW Snook, ME Wiseman, BR TI Recurrent selection for corn earworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) resistance in three closely related corn southern synthetics SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Zea mays; Helicoverpa zea; selection; plant resistance ID AGRONOMIC TRAITS; MAIZE; INSECTS; BORER AB Plant resistance offers a good alternative to pesticides for protecting corn (Zea mays L.) from attack by corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie). The GT-CEW-RS8 synthetic is a breeding population with some resistance to corn earworm, but based on variability for this trait, further improvement was possible in this population. S, recurrent selection for corn earworm resistance was conducted to improve three synthetics derived from GT-CEW-RS8. The objective of this research was to study the effectiveness of these selection programs to increase insect resistance and maintain agronomic performance. Cycles of selection for each population were evaluated under four environments. Significant gains in resistance were realized, but all three synthetics derived from GTCEW-RS8 showed a negative response for yield. However, yield losses were not very dramatic for 66RM4 and inbreeding depression would not affect the yield performance in hybrid combination. Selection for yield done simultaneously with selection for reducing ear damage by corn earworm and husk tightness could assist in avoiding decreased yield. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Breeding Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Butron, A (reprint author), Mis Biol Galicia, Apartado Correos 28, Pontevedra 36080, Spain. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 95 IS 2 BP 458 EP 462 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 600BR UT WOS:000178371200035 PM 12020027 ER PT J AU Burd, JD AF Burd, JD TI Physiological modification of the host feeding site by cereal aphids (Homoptera : Aphididae) SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Schizaphis graminum; Diuraphis noxia; Triticum aestivum; phloem translocation; vein loading; biotype ID GREENBUG HOMOPTERA; SUSCEPTIBLE WHEAT; BIOTYPE-C; RESISTANT; DAMAGE; CULTIVARS AB Indole-3-acetic acid-1(14)C C and C-14-sucrose labels were used to study the effects of greenbugs, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), and Russian wheat aphids, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), on phloem function of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Greenbug feeding significantly reduced translocation from the immediate feeding site; however, phloem integrity was not impeded. In contrast, Russian wheat aphids had little effect on vein loading or phloem translocation at the feeding site. Similar results were obtained when resistant and susceptible wheats were infested with three different greenbug biotypes. Greenbugs fed artificial diets containing C-14-sucrose injected salivary material that was trauslocated to both root and shoot systems. The accumulation of salivary constituents in the roots of wheat seedlings fed upon by greenbugs may account for the significant reductions in root biomass that have previously been reported. C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Lab, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Burd, JD (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Lab, 1301 N Western Rd, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 95 IS 2 BP 463 EP 468 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 600BR UT WOS:000178371200036 PM 12020028 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, VY Miller, GT AF Yokoyama, VY Miller, GT TI Bale compression and hydrogen phosphide fumigation to control cereal leaf beetle (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) in exported rye straw SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Oulema melanopus; rye straw; quarantine ID HESSIAN FLY DIPTERA; CECIDOMYIIDAE CONTROL; HAY; JAPAN AB Control of larvae and adults of cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus (L.), by bale compression and hydrogen phosphide fumigation was studied in rye straw, Secale cereale L., in Aurora, OR. Natural mortality of larvae after transport was 4.0 +/- 1.0% (mean +/- SEM). Compression (105kg/cm(2)) of larvae in standard bales (122 cm long) of rye straw resulted in 100% mortality. Compression of adults in standard bales plus storage of the compressed bales (56 cm long) for 1 d in a freight container resulted in 100% mortality. A KD50 of 102 ppm hydrogen phosphide for I h was estimated from the probit regression line developed from dose-response data at 21degreesC in basic laboratory tests. The LD(50)s and LD(99)s were 163 and 6,910 ppm for 2-h exposures and were 18 and 42 ppm for 6-h exposures at 21degreesC, respectively. A tested dose of 400 ppm for 24 h at 21degreesC resulted in 100% mortality of the adults. Larvae (n = 10,560) and adults (n = 18,602) did not survive exposure to bale compression followed by hydrogen phosphide fumigation (60 g/28.3 m(3)) for 3 d in rye straw loaded in freight containers in large-scale tests. Copper plate corrosion values indicating the severity of exposure to hydrogen phosphide were 13 and 12, and mean temperatures of five locations in the freight container were 25 and 26degreesC in large-scale tests with the larvae and adults, respectively. Hydrogen phosphide concentrations were 400 ppm throughout the 3-d fumigation for larvae and during the first day of fumigation for adults. We propose that cereal leaf beetle can be controlled by a single treatment of bale compression followed by a 1-d storage period or by a fumigation in which 400 ppm hydrogen phosphide is maintained for 1 d at 21degreesC or above. We confirmed that a multiple quarantine treatment of bale compression followed by a 3-d fumigation will control cereal leaf beetle in exported rye straw. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. RP Yokoyama, VY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 2021 S Peach Ave, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 95 IS 2 BP 513 EP 519 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 600BR UT WOS:000178371200043 PM 12020035 ER PT J AU Hogsette, JA Farkas, R Coler, RR AF Hogsette, JA Farkas, R Coler, RR TI Development of Hydrotaea aenescens (Diptera : Muscidae) in manure of unweaned dairy calves and lactating cows SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrotaea aenescens; house fly; calf manure; cow manure; biological control ID HOUSE-FLIES DIPTERA; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; OPHYRA-AENESCENS; POULTRY MANURE; MANAGEMENT; PREDATOR; FLY AB In laboratory studies performed in the United States and Hungary, the dump fly Hydrotaea aenescens (Wiedemann) was reared successfully in manure of 1- to 8-wk-old dairy calves, and in manure from adult lactating dairy cows. Survival in manure collected from 1-wk-old calves was poor (7.2%), better in manure collected from 2- and 3-wk-old calves (53.5%), and best in manure collected from 4- to 8-wk-old calves (71.4%). Survival in cow manure was slightly lower (47.4%) than that in calf manure. Reasons for different rates of development in the United States and in Hungary, and by calf age are discussed as are implications for biological control. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Farkas, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-0493 J9 J ECON ENTOMOL JI J. Econ. Entomol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 95 IS 2 BP 527 EP 530 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 600BR UT WOS:000178371200045 PM 12020037 ER PT J AU Johnson, AW Sisson, VA Snook, ME Fortnum, BA Jackson, DM AF Johnson, AW Sisson, VA Snook, ME Fortnum, BA Jackson, DM TI Aphid resistance and leaf surface chemistry of sugar ester producing tobaccos SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE diterpenes; sugar esters; host plant resistance; Nicotiana tabacum; Myzus persicae; Myzus nicotianae; cembrane; cluvane; aphids; labdenediol; abienol; labdane ID B GLANDULAR TRICHOMES; NICOTIANA-GOSSEI; SUCROSE ESTERS; CUTICULAR COMPONENTS; NATURAL PESTICIDE; GLUCOSE ESTERS; HOMOPTERA; INSECTICIDES; ALEYRODIDAE; TOXICITY AB Sugar ester producing tobacco lines were evaluated for aphid resistance and other surface chemicals. The cembrenoid and labdenoid diterpenes, alpha- and beta-4,8,13-duvatrien-1-ols, alpha- and beta-4,8,13-duvatriene-1,3-diols, (12Z)-labda-12,14-diene-8alpha-ol (cis-abienol), (13E)-labda-13-ene-8alpha,l 5-diol (labdenediol), docosanol, and sugar esters were quantified using high pressure liquid chromatography and compared with aphid infestation ratings. Regression analysis of aphid [Myzus persicae (Sulzer)] infestation rating and leaf surface chemistry was statistically significant and showed that surface chemicals were important in explaining the observed variation in the aphid infestation ratings. A significant negative correlation was found between aphid ratings and sugar ester levels among the 62 entries evaluated (r = -0.2758, P = 0.0301) alpha and beta monols (alpha- and beta-4,8,13-duvatrien-1-ols) were also significantly correlated with aphid infestations in this study (r = -0.2743, P = 0.0310 and r = -0.2797, P = 0.0109, respectively). None of the other surface chemicals were statistically correlated with aphid resistance. Although high sugar ester levels were correlated with aphid resistance, not all tobacco entries with high levels of sugar esters, such as Tl 1568 were resistant. This would suggest that there may be different types of sugar esters present in these tobaccos, and total sugar ester levels alone could not be used to predict aphid resistance. Also, some tobacco lines, like Tl 1674 and Tl 59 with lower sugar ester levels, were resistant in this study because of high monol levels. The ten tobacco entries with the highest levels of sugar esters in this study were Tl 698, Tl 675, Tl 704, Tl 998, 71 193, JA 389, Tl 722R, Tl 1092, Tl 711, and Tl 1007. All of these lines exhibited high levels of aphid resistance, but some also had low-to-moderate levels of monols that may have elevated the aphid resistance level. A number of these tobaccos could be used for production of natural sugar ester biorationals; or used in a breeding program for development of aphid resistant cultivars. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, Florence, SC 29506 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Oxford Tobacco Res Stn, Oxford, NC 27565 USA. Univ Georgia, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. US Vegetable Lab, USDA, ARS, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Johnson, AW (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol, Pee Dee Res & Educ Ctr, 2200 Pocket Rd, Florence, SC 29506 USA. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 37 IS 2 BP 154 EP 165 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 583NA UT WOS:000177412900003 ER PT J AU Sun, JH Clarke, SR DeBarr, GL Berisford, CW AF Sun, JH Clarke, SR DeBarr, GL Berisford, CW TI Yellow sticky traps for monitoring males and two parasitoids of Oracella acuta (Lobdell) (Homoptera : Pseudococcidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Oracella acuta; insecticides; Allotropa; Zarhopalus debarri; yellow sticky traps; mealybugs ID PINE SEED ORCHARDS; HYMENOPTERA AB Yellow sticky traps were tested as a method of monitoring populations of males and parasitoids of the mealybug, Oracella acuta (Lobdell). Male O. acuta were captured even when female populations appeared very low, The parasitoids, Allotropa n. sp. and Zarhopalus debarri Sun, were trapped less frequently than 0. acuta males, and more traps or longer trapping periods were required to adequately monitor their populations. Significantly more males than females of Z debarri were trapped, suggesting that yellow traps were more attractive to males, or that males disperse more than females. Yellow sticky traps could be used as part of a biological control program monitoring the establishment and spread of 0. acuta and its parasitoids in China. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Lufkin, TX 75901 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Clarke, SR (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, 701 N 1st St, Lufkin, TX 75901 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 37 IS 2 BP 177 EP 181 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 583NA UT WOS:000177412900005 ER PT J AU Vogt, JT Mulder, P Sheridan, A Shoff, EM Wright, RE AF Vogt, JT Mulder, P Sheridan, A Shoff, EM Wright, RE TI Red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) fail to reduce predator abundance in peanuts SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, BCMRRU, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Vogt, JT (reprint author), USDA ARS, BCMRRU, Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 37 IS 2 BP 200 EP 202 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 583NA UT WOS:000177412900008 ER PT J AU Johanowicz, DL Smith, HA Sourakov, A Mitchell, ER AF Johanowicz, DL Smith, HA Sourakov, A Mitchell, ER TI Lambsquarters in a maize agroecosystem: A potential refuge for natural enemies of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) larvae SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biological control; conservation biological control; Noctuidae; parasitoids; predators; Chenopodium album C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Agr Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Mitchell, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, Agr Res Serv, POB 14565, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 37 IS 2 BP 203 EP 206 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 583NA UT WOS:000177412900009 ER PT J AU Hastings, FL Hain, FP Odell, TM AF Hastings, FL Hain, FP Odell, TM TI A survey of parasitoids and other organisms affecting gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriia dispar L.) along the leading edge of its southward movement SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lamantria dispar; parasitoids; Entomophaga maimaiga; nucleopolyhedrosis virus C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA Forest Srev, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Hastings, FL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Entomol, Box 7626, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 37 IS 2 BP 207 EP 209 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 583NA UT WOS:000177412900010 ER PT J AU Sourakov, A Mitchell, ER AF Sourakov, A Mitchell, ER TI Sex allocation in progeny of Diadegma insulare (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae) SO JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Mitchell, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORGIA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI TIFTON PA PO BOX 748 DEPT ENTOMOLOGY COASTAL PLAIN EXPT STATION, TIFTON, GA 31793-0748 USA SN 0749-8004 J9 J ENTOMOL SCI JI J. Entomol. Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 37 IS 2 BP 210 EP 211 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 583NA UT WOS:000177412900011 ER PT J AU Bohn, BA Kershner, JL AF Bohn, BA Kershner, JL TI Establishing aquatic restoration priorities using a watershed approach SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE watershed analysis; stream habitat improvement; stream biota; watersheds; geomorphology; stream classification; aquatic restoration ID CALIFORNIA; FISHES AB Since the passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972, the United States has made great strides to reduce the threats to its rivers, lakes, and wetlands from pollution, However, despite our obvious successes, nearly half of the nation's surface water resources remain incapable of supporting basic aquatic values or maintaining water quality adequate for recreational swimming. The Clean Water Act established a significant federal presence in water quality regulation by controlling point and non-point sources of pollution. Point-sources of pollution were the major emphasis of the Act, but Section 208 specifically addressed non-point sources of pollution and designated silviculture and livestock grazing as sources of non-point pollution. Non-point source pollutants include runoff from agriculture, municipalities, timber harvesting, mining, and livestock grazing. Non-point source pollution now accounts for more than half of the United States water quality impairments. To successfully improve water quality, restoration practitioners must start with an understanding of what ecosystem processes are operating in the watershed and how they have been affected by outside variables. A watershed-based analysis template developed in the Pacific Northwest can be a valuable aid in developing that level of understanding. The watershed analysis technique identifies four ecosystem scales useful to identify stream restoration priorities: region, basin, watershed, and site. The watershed analysis technique is based on a set of technically rigorous and defensible procedures designed to provide information on what processes are active at the watershed scale, how those processes are distributed in time and space. They help describe what the current upland and riparian conditions of the watershed are and how these conditions in turn influence aquatic habitat and other beneficial uses. The analysis is organized as a set of six steps that direct an interdisciplinary team of specialists to examine the biotic and abiotic processes influencing aquatic habitat and species abundance. This process helps develop an understanding of the watershed within the context of the larger ecosystem. The understanding gained can then be used to identify and prioritize aquatic restoration activities at the appropriate temporal and spatial scale. The watershed approach prevents relying solely on site-level information, a common problem with historic restoration efforts. When the watershed analysis process was used in the Whitefish Mountains of northwest Montana, natural resource professionals were able to determine the dominant habitat forming processes important for native fishes and use that information to prioritize, plan, and implement the appropriate restoration activities at the watershed scale. Despite considerable investments of time and resources needed to complete an analysis at the watershed scale, the results can prevent the misdiagnosis of aquatic problems and help ensure that the objectives of aquatic restoration will be met. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Bighorn Natl Forest, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Fish Ecol Unit, Fish & Wildlife Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Bohn, BA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Bighorn Natl Forest, Sheridan, WY 82801 USA. RI Ebersole, Joseph/A-8371-2009 NR 21 TC 49 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 60 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0301-4797 EI 1095-8630 J9 J ENVIRON MANAGE JI J. Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2002 VL 64 IS 4 BP 355 EP 363 DI 10.1006/jema.2001.0496 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 568LJ UT WOS:000176543000003 PM 12141156 ER PT J AU Haytowitz, DB Pehrsson, PR Holden, JM AF Haytowitz, DB Pehrsson, PR Holden, JM TI The identification of Key Foods for food composition research SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Key Foods; nutrient analysis; National Food Surveys AB The United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP) was initiated to update existing component values and to add data on new foods and components to reflect today's marketplace and needs for data. The USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference contains data for about 6040 foods for over 100 compounds. To develop a full nutrient profile for each food costs approximately $12 000 (six analytical samples x $2000 per sample). To determine food sampling priorities, the Nutrient Data Laboratory (NDL) has used the Key Foods approach to generate a list of 666 foods. This method utilizes existing nutrient profiles and nationally representative food consumption survey data collected by USDA in the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals 1994-1996 (CSFII) and by The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). One premise of the project is that more samples will be collected and prepared for those foods which provide important amounts of nutrients of public health significance to the diet and not every sample will be analyzed for all the nutrients currently in NDL's nutrient databases. Even though the list of 666 Key Foods is much more manageable, procedures to set priorities for analysis are still needed. To accomplish this, two approaches were developed. One is based on a point system, and the other on nutrient consumption data. Based on an analysis of the two approaches, the nutrient consumption approach was chosen to be the primary method of selecting foods for analysis. This paper reports details of the two methods to modify the existing Key Foods list to determine new and specific priorities for NFNAP efforts. This program represents a comprehensive approach to collect baseline nationally representative data. Results will be used to update the USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference and to establish future priorities for frequency of updates. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Haytowitz, DB (reprint author), ARS, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,B-005,Rm 307A,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 14 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD APR PY 2002 VL 15 IS 2 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1006/jfca.2001.1046 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 628TJ UT WOS:000180012400005 ER PT J AU Smith, JL AF Smith, JL TI Campylobacter jejuni infection during pregnancy: Long-term consequences of associated bacteremia, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and reactive arthritis SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Review ID INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN; REITERS-SYNDROME; SEPTIC ABORTION; STROHL SYNDROME; ENTERITIS; HLA-B27; OUTBREAK; DISEASE; PATHOGENESIS; PATIENT AB Campylobacter jejuni infections are the main cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in the United States and other developed countries. Generally, C. jejuni infections are self-limiting and treatment is not necessary; however, infections caused by this organism can lead to potentially dangerous long-term consequences for some individuals. Bacteremia, Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS; an acute flaccid paralytic disease), and reactive arthritis (ReA) are the most serious of the long-term consequences of C. jejuni infections. During pregnancy, foodborne infections may be hazardous to both the woman and the fetus. C. jejuni-induced bacteremia during pregnancy may lead to intrauterine infection of the fetus, abortion, stillbirth, or early neonatal death. Infection of a newborn by the mother during the birth process or shortly after birth may lead to neonatal enteritis, bacteremia, and/or meningitis. C. jejuni enteritis is the inducing antecedent infection in approximately 30% of cases of GBS. Thus, pregnant women infected with C. jejuni may contract GBS. GBS during pregnancy does not affect fetal or infant development and does not increase spontaneous abortion or fetal death; however, it may induce spontaneous delivery during the third trimester in severe eases. Reactive arthritis occurs in approximately 2% of C. jejuni enteritis cases and leads to the impaired movement of various joints. Pregnant women with C. jejuni-induced reactive arthritis can be expected to deliver a normal infant. A pregnant patient with GBS or ReA may be unable to care for a newborn infant because of the physical impairment induced by these diseases. Since C. jejuni infections put both fetuses and pregnant women at risk, pregnant women must take special care in food handling and preparation to prevent such infections. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Smith, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 172 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD APR PY 2002 VL 65 IS 4 BP 696 EP 708 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 541TH UT WOS:000175000200020 PM 11952223 ER PT J AU Lee, KT Foglia, TA Oh, MJ AF Lee, KT Foglia, TA Oh, MJ TI Medium-long-medium and medium-long-long chain acyl glycerols from beef tallow and caprylic acid SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE solvent-fractionation; beef tallow; structured lipids; transesterification ID STRUCTURED LIPIDS; OIL; MIXTURES AB Beef tallow was fractionated either without or with solvent to obtain a highly enriched unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) fraction. Solvent fractionation at low temperature (-18 degreesC) successfully fractionated USFA-enriched triacylglycerol (TAG). The higher that the solute to solvent ratio was used for fractionation, the more weight yield of USFA-enriched TAG from the liquid fractions was recovered during the fractionation. USFA-enriched fraction was further esterified with lipase and medium chain fatty acid (caprylic acid). Through 2(nd)-step transesterification, MLM (sn-1-medium-2-long-3-medium TAG) type of structured lipids (SL) was produced in volume. Isolated SL was characterized by reverse-phase HPLC, GC, and DSC. Synthesized SL in this study would be considered as a value-added product from renewable animal fat for nutritionally beneficial applications in food. C1 Chungnam Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Biotechnol, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Taejon 305764, South Korea. ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Lee, KT (reprint author), Chungnam Natl Univ, Coll Agr & Biotechnol, Dept Food Sci & Technol, 220 Gung Dong, Taejon 305764, South Korea. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 67 IS 3 BP 1016 EP 1020 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb09446.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 555LB UT WOS:000175794600022 ER PT J AU Lu, Z Fleming, HP McFeeters, RF Yoon, SA AF Lu, Z Fleming, HP McFeeters, RF Yoon, SA TI Effects of anions and cations on sugar utilization in cucumber juice fermentation SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Lactobacillus plantarum; cucumber; sugar utilization; anions; cations ID LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM; MANGANESE; LEUCONOSTOC; TOLERANCE; TOXICITY; CITRATE; GLUCOSE; STRAINS; SPICES AB The extent of glucose and fructose utilization during cucumber juice fermentation was affected differentially by the addition of 10 to 360 mM of selected anions (chloride, nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, acetate, lactate, and citrate) and cations (Na+, K+, NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+). Inorganic anions generally suppressed utilization of both sugars, particularly at higher concentrations. Acetate and lactate increased utilization of fructose, but not glucose, while citrate increased utilization of both sugars. Of the cations tested, 10-60 mM Mn+2 significantly (P < 0.05) increased utilization of both sugars, but higher concentrations reduced utilization, as compared with the control. Evidence indicates that brine composition can significantly influence sugar utilization during cucumber fermentation, and may be important in developing controlled fermentation strategies for brined cucumbers. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Yonsei Univ, Wonju 222710, Kangwon Do, South Korea. RP Fleming, HP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 67 IS 3 BP 1155 EP 1161 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb09469.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 555LB UT WOS:000175794600045 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Brambila, GY Lyon, BG Huang, YW Lyon, CE Gates, KW AF Sanchez-Brambila, GY Lyon, BG Huang, YW Lyon, CE Gates, KW TI Sensory characteristics and instrumental texture attributes of abalones, Haliods fulgens and Cracherodii SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Haliotis fulgens; H. cracherodii; shear force; hardness; chewiness AB Tenderization treatments of black abalone (Haliods cracherodii) were conducted using papain solutions (0.25% or 0.50%) with tumbling (10 or 20 min) prior to canning. The treated adductor and opercular (foot) muscle were evaluated by sensory and instrumental methods and compared to untreated black abalone, to untreated blue abalone (H. fulgens) and to commercially canned blue abalone. Treatment with papain did not significantly alter the texture of the abalone but did increase metallic and bitter character notes, possibly by releasing amino acids on protein degradation. Instrumental texture measurements correlated with sensory texture measurements and may aid in the establishment of quality parameters for canned abalone. C1 ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Ctr Invest Alimentac & Desarrollo, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Marine Extens Serv, Brunswick, GA 31522 USA. RP Lyon, BG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 67 IS 3 BP 1233 EP 1239 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb09483.x PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 555LB UT WOS:000175794600059 ER PT J AU Yeung, AC Glahn, RP Miller, DD AF Yeung, AC Glahn, RP Miller, DD TI Effects of iron source on iron availability from casein and casein phosphopeptides SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE casein; phosphopeptides; phosphatase; iron availability ID IRON(III); MILK AB Iron availability from FeSO4 in samples containing sodium caseinate (SC), casein phosphopeptides (CPP) or whey protein concentrate (WPC), and from ferric citrate (Fe-CA) in samples containing SC or CPP was measured using an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture model. In FeSO4 spiked samples, relative availability was CPP > SC, CPP = WPC, and CPP = FeSO4 alone. In samples containing Fe-CA, a soluble iron chelate, relative availability was CPP = SC and CPP < Fe-CA alone. These results suggest that CPP enhances iron availability from foods with low availability but does not improve and may inhibit availability from soluble iron species. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Dept Human Nutr & Food Sci, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Miller, DD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 9 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 67 IS 3 BP 1271 EP 1275 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb09489.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 555LB UT WOS:000175794600065 ER PT J AU Rabenstein, F Seifers, DL Schubert, J French, R Stenger, DC AF Rabenstein, F Seifers, DL Schubert, J French, R Stenger, DC TI Phylogenetic relationships, strain diversity and biogeography of tritimoviruses SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREAK MOSAIC-VIRUS; TAXONOMIC FAMILY POTYVIRIDAE; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; RYMOVIRUS GENUS; CAPSID PROTEIN; MEMBERS; DISEASE; REGION; RNA AB North American and Eurasian isolates of Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV; genus Tritimovirus) and Oat necrotic mottle virus (ONMV; genus Rymovirus) were examined. Nine WSMV isolates differentially infected oat, barley, inbred maize line SDp2 and sorghum line KS56. The WSMV isolates clustered into groups based on phylogenetic analyses of the capsid protein (CP) cistron and flanking regions. WSMV isolates from the United States (US) and Turkey were closely related, suggesting recent movement between continents. Although more divergent, WSMV from Iran (WSMV-1) also shared a most recent common ancestor with the US and Turkish isolates. Another group of WSMV isolates from central Europe and Russia may represent a distinct Eurasian population. Complete genome sequences of WSMV from the Czech Republic (WSMV-CZ) and Turkey (WSMV-TK1) were determined and comparisons based on complete sequences yielded relationships similar to those based on partial sequences. ONMV-Pp recovered from blue grass (Poa pratensis L.) in Germany displayed the same narrow host range as ONMV-Type from Canada. Western blots revealed a heterologous relationship among CIP of WSMV and ONMV. Phylogenetic analyses of the capsid protein cistron and flanking genomic regions indicated that WSMV and ONMV are related species sharing 74.2-76.2% (nucleotide) and 79.2-81.0% (amino acid) identity. Thus, ONMV should be removed from the genus Rymovirus and designated a definitive member of the genus Tritimovirus. Phylogenetic analyses further suggest that Sugarcane streak mosaic virus is not a tritimovirus, and may represent a new genus within the family Potyviridae. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr Hays, Hays, KS 67601 USA. Fed Ctr Breeding Res Cultivated Plants, Inst Resistance Res & Pathogen Diagnost, Aschersleben, Germany. RP Stenger, DC (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 62 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 83 BP 895 EP 906 PN 4 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 532YR UT WOS:000174503100021 PM 11907340 ER PT J AU Voigt, RG Jensen, CL Fraley, JK Rozelle, JC Brown, FR Heird, WC AF Voigt, RG Jensen, CL Fraley, JK Rozelle, JC Brown, FR Heird, WC TI Relationship between omega 3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status during early infancy and neurodevelopmental status at 1 year of age SO JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS LA English DT Article DE child development; dietary fats; docosahexaenoic acid; infant nutrition; alpha-linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acids ID TERM INFANTS; COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACIDS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; CEREBRAL-CORTEX; GROWTH; FORMULA; MILK; METABOLISM; CAT/CLAMS AB Objective To determine the influence of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; 18 : 3omega3) intake and, hence, the influence of plasma and/or erythrocyte phospholipid content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22 : 6omega3) during early infancy on neurodevelopmental outcome of term infants. Methods The Bayley Scales of Infant Development (second edition), the Clinical Adaptive Test/Clinical Linguistic and Auditory Milestone Scale (CAT/CLAMS) and the Gross Motor Scale of the Revised Gesell Developmental Inventory were administered at a mean age of 12.26 +/- 0.94 months to 44 normal term infants enrolled in a study evaluating the effects of infant formulas differing only in ALA content (0.4, 1.0, 1.7 and 3.2% of total fatty acids). Results As reported previously [Jensen et al., Lipids 13 (1996) 107; J. Pediatr. 131 (1997) 200], the group fed the formula with the lowest ALA content had the lowest mean plasma and erythrocyte phospholipid DHA contents at 4 months of age. This group also had the lowest mean score on every neurodevelopmental. measure. The difference in mean gross motor developmental quotient of this group versus the group fed the formula with 1.0% ALA but not of the other groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Across the groups, motor indices correlated positively with each other and with the plasma phospholipid DHA content at 4 months of age (P = 0.02-0.03). The CLAMS developmental quotient correlated with the erythrocyte phospholipid content of 20 : 5ω3 (P < 0.01) but not with DHA. Conclusions These statistically significant correlations suggest that the W fatty acid status during early infancy may be important with respect to neurodevelopmental status at 1 year of age and highlight the need for further studies of this possibility. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Meyer Ctr Dev Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Voigt, RG (reprint author), Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Pediat & Adolescent Med, Div Dev & Behav Pediat, 200 1st St SW,Baldwin 3A, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. NR 41 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0952-3871 J9 J HUM NUTR DIET JI J. Hum. Nutr. Diet. PD APR PY 2002 VL 15 IS 2 BP 111 EP 120 DI 10.1046/j.1365-277X.2002.00341.x PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 549UZ UT WOS:000175466300003 PM 11972740 ER PT J AU Adams, TS Filipi, PA Yi, SX AF Adams, TS Filipi, PA Yi, SX TI Effect of age, diet, diapause and juvenile hormone on oogenesis and the of amount of vitellogenin and vitellin in the twospotted stink bug, Perillus bioculatus (Heteroptera : pentatomidae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vitellin; vitellogenin; ELISA; artificial diet; juvenile hormone ID COLORADO POTATO BEETLE; RIPTORTUS-CLAVATUS; BEAN BUG; PODISUS-MACULIVENTRIS; RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS; ADULT DIAPAUSE; HEMIPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; REPRODUCTION; PHOTOPERIOD AB Vitellogenic oocytes from Perillus bioculatus have two native vitellins, Vt1 and Vt2, with molecular masses of 553 and 228 kDa, respectively. The hemolymph contains a major vitellogenin, Vg, with a molecular mass of 528 k-Da that consists of three apoproteins with masses of 177, 84 and 59 kDa, respectively. Antibodies to purified Vt2 reacted with ovary extracts, egg extracts and female hemolymph, but not with male hemolymph in immunodiffusion tests. Western blots showed that anti Vt2 reacted with both Vt1, Vt2 and with Vg. Vitellogenesis starts at an ovarian score of 12 at 2.4 days after emergence. The first cycle of egg development is completed in ovaries with a score of 112 at 7.7 days. During this 5.3 day period, the ovaries of a single female incorporated 1833 mug of protein to form vitellin, Vitellogenin levels start to increase in females 2.5 days after emergence and reached 17.8 mug/mul by 5.5 days. After 5.5 days vitellogenin levels fluctuated between 9.7 and 19.9 mug/mul. Most diapausing females contained no ovarian follicles in the vitellarium and their hemolymph contained less than 1 mug/mul of vitellogenin. Treating diapausing females with I mug or JH III increased vitellogenin levels over 120-fold. Insects maintained on a liver-based artificial diet had lower vitellogenin levels than the controls at all sample times and did not show an increase in vitellogenin concentration until 11.5 days. Treating insects on the artificial diet with 10 mug of JH III elevated vitellogenin levels to about a fourth of that found in prey-fed insects of a comparable age. This suggests that females fed the artificial diet have low levels of essential materials needed for vitellogenin production. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Adams, TS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-1910 J9 J INSECT PHYSIOL JI J. Insect Physiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 48 IS 4 BP 477 EP 486 AR PII S0022-1910(02)00069-0 DI 10.1016/S0022-1910(02)00069-0 PG 10 WC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology SC Entomology; Physiology; Zoology GA 567XX UT WOS:000176513300010 ER PT J AU Paape, M Mehrzad, J Zhao, X Detilleux, J Burvenich, C AF Paape, M Mehrzad, J Zhao, X Detilleux, J Burvenich, C TI Defense of the bovine mammary gland by polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes SO JOURNAL OF MAMMARY GLAND BIOLOGY AND NEOPLASIA LA English DT Article DE bovine; neutrophil; phagocytosis; chemotaxis; mastitis; mammary ID PERIPARTURIENT HOLSTEIN CATTLE; NADPH-OXIDASE ACTIVITY; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; DAIRY-COWS; CLINICAL MASTITIS; IN-VITRO; MILK; BLOOD AB The primary phagocytic cells of the bovine mammary gland, polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN), and macrophages, comprise the first line of defense against invading pathogens. In the normal healthy mammary gland, macrophages predominate and act as sentinels to invading mastitis-causing pathogens. Once invaders are detected, macrophages, and possibly mammary epithelial cells, release chemoattractants that direct migration of PMN into the area. In the mammary gland, protection is only effective if rapid influx of PMN from the circulation and subsequent phagocytosis and killing of bacteria occur. The second line of defense against infection consists of a network of memory cells and immunoglobulins that interact with the first line of defense. To minimize mammary tissue damage caused by bacterial toxins and oxidative products released by PMN, elimination of invading bacteria must proceed quickly. Therefore, the inflammatory response needs to be regulated. Hormones, metabolites, and acute phase proteins act to influence the outcome of mastitis, especially around parturition. The number of circulating PMN in cows during early lactation is highly heritable and closely related to susceptibility to clinical mastitis at this time. Advances in molecular biology are making available the tools, techniques, and products to study and modulate host-pathogen interactions. For example, the cloning and expression of proteins such as recombinant bovine soluble (rbos) CD (cluster of differentiation) 14 antigens, may provide ways of minimizing damaging effects of endotoxin during acute coliform mastitis. Soluble CD14 binds and neutralizes lipopolysacharide (LPS) and causes local recruitment of PMN after binding of CD14-LPS complexes to mammary epithelial cells. Development of transgenic animals that express rbosCD14 in their milk could prevent infection by Gram-negative pathogens. C1 ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. State Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Physiol Biochem & Biometr, Merelbeke, Belgium. McGill Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ste Anne De Bellevue, PQ, Canada. Univ Liege, Fac Med Vet, Dept Genet, Liege, Belgium. RP Paape, M (reprint author), ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Mehrzad, Jalil/0000-0001-8174-5431 NR 89 TC 141 Z9 159 U1 2 U2 20 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1083-3021 J9 J MAMMARY GLAND BIOL JI J. Mammary Gland Biol. Neoplasia PD APR PY 2002 VL 7 IS 2 BP 109 EP 121 DI 10.1023/A:1020343717817 PG 13 WC Oncology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Oncology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 597FN UT WOS:000178211700002 PM 12463734 ER PT J AU Zeng, HW AF Zeng, HW TI Selenite and selenomethionine promote HL-60 cell cycle progression SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE selenium; cyclin C; c-Myc; cell cycle; HL-60 cell ID MAP KINASE; GROWTH; SELENOPROTEINS; SELENOCYSTEINE; PROLIFERATION; REPLICATION; PATHWAYS; CANCER; DNA AB The essential role of selenium (Se) in nutrition is well established. The elucidation of the mechanisms by which selenium regulates the cell cycle can lead to a better understanding of the nature of selenium's essentiality and its role in disease prevention. In this study, the effects of selenium deficiency or adequacy (0.25 mumol/L selenite or selenomethionine) on HL-60 cell cycle progression were examined in serum-free media. Selenium was critical for promotion of HL-60 cell growth. Cell-cycle analysis revealed that selenium deficiency caused a decrease in G1 phase cells that corresponded to an increase in G2 and sub-G1 phase cells. Gene array analysis suggested that c-Myc, cyclin C, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk)1, cdk2, cdk4, cyclin B and cyclin D2 mRNA levels were lower in selenium-deficient cells than in the cells supplemented with 0.25 mumol/L selenomethionine. The decrease in the c-Myc mRNA level in selenium-deficient cells was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Furthermore, the phosphorylation state of total cellular protein was higher (57%) in selenium-supplemented cells than in selenium-deficient cells. Collectively, these results suggest a novel role for selenium at 0.25 b,mol/L in up-regulation of the expression of numerous cell cycle-related genes and total cellular phosphorylated proteins in HL-60 cells in serum-free culture media. This leads to the promotion of cell cycle progression, particularly G2/M transition and/or the reduction of apoptosis, primarily in G1 cells. These observations may have additional implications for understanding the nature of selenium's essentiality. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Zeng, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 37 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2002 VL 132 IS 4 BP 674 EP 679 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 538ZG UT WOS:000174844500008 PM 11925459 ER PT J AU Martini, LA Tchack, L Wood, RJ AF Martini, LA Tchack, L Wood, RJ TI Iron treatment downregulates DMT1 and IREG1 mRNA expression in Caco-2 cells SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE iron absorption; ferroportin1; DCT1; Nramp2; iron responsive protein; MTP1 ID HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS; MOLECULAR CONTROL; TRANSPORTER; METABOLISM; ABSORPTION; CLONING; DIFFERENTIATION; CULTURE; NRAMP2; MODEL AB Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder worldwide, whereas pathologic elevations of body iron stores can occur under certain circumstances due to genetic abnormalities or in association with other diseases. The intestine is the exclusive locus of homeostatic regulation of body iron stores, which is accomplished by changes in iron absorption efficiency by largely unknown molecular mechanisms in response to alterations in body iron stores. Recently, a number of novel genes involved in iron metabolism, such as the iron uptake transporter DMTI/DCTI/Nramp2 and the iron export transporter IREG1/ferroportin1/MTP1, have been identified, providing important insights about molecular aspects of intestinal iron absorption and its regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of iron treatment on DMT1 and IREG1 mRNA expression in Caco-2 cells, a human intestinal cell line. Exposure of the cells to iron (200 mumol/L ferric nitrilotriacetic acid for 72 h) significantly decreased transferrin receptor mRNA (80%), DMT1 mRNA (57%) and IREG1 mRNA (52%). These observations are consistent with the notion of parallel regulation of these iron-responsive genes in vivo to protect the enterocyte from iron toxicity and mediate a decreased efficiency of intestinal iron absorption to prevent iron overload. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wood, RJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Martini, Ligia/C-7279-2012 NR 26 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2002 VL 132 IS 4 BP 693 EP 696 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 538ZG UT WOS:000174844500011 PM 11925462 ER PT J AU de Souza, SLP Guimaraes, JS Ferreira, F Dubey, JP Gennari, SM AF de Souza, SLP Guimaraes, JS Ferreira, F Dubey, JP Gennari, SM TI Prevalence of Neospora caninum antibodies in dogs from dairy cattle farms in Parana, Brazil SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POINT-SOURCE EXPOSURE; TRANSMISSION; ABORTION; HERDS AB Serum samples from 134 dogs from 22 cattle dairy farms in the northern region of Parana State, Brazil, were tested for antibodies to Neospora caninum in an indirect fluorescent antibody test. Antibodies (greater than or equal to1:50) to N. caninum were found in 29 (21.6%) of the 134 dogs, and seropositive dogs were found on 14 (63.6%) of the 22 dairy cattle farms. The antibody titers of dogs were 1:50 (3 dogs), 1:100 (7 dogs), 1:200 (7 dogs), 1:400 (6 dogs), and greater than or equal to1:800 (6 dogs). The low prevalence (9%) in <1-yr-old dogs compared with the 2- to 3-fold higher prevalence in older dogs ( 17-29%) suggests postnatal exposure to N. caninian infection. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Estadual Londrina, Ctr Ciencias Agarias, BR-86051990 Londrina, PR, Brazil. RP de Souza, SLP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Bldg 1001,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; Ferreira, Fernando/C-9038-2013 OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; Ferreira, Fernando/0000-0002-9160-7355 NR 18 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 88 IS 2 BP 408 EP 409 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 546UX UT WOS:000175294300037 PM 12054023 ER PT J AU Santin-Duran, M de la Fuente, C Alunda, JM Rosenthal, BM Hoberg, EP AF Santin-Duran, M de la Fuente, C Alunda, JM Rosenthal, BM Hoberg, EP TI Identical ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequences suggest Spiculopteragia asymmetrica and Spiculopteragia quadrispiculata (Nematoda : Trichostrongylidae) constitute morphologically distinct variants of a single species SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OSTERTAGIA-ARCTICA NEMATODA; RUMINANTS; SYSTEMATICS; GRUEHNERI; RDNA AB Sequences of ITS-1 and ITS-2 rDNA for adult males of Spiculopteragia asymmetrica and Spiculopteragia quadrispiculata in red deer (Cervus elaphus) were determined. They were found to be identical, suggesting that S. asymmetrica and S. quadrispiculata represent a single species and do not refute the concept of dimorphic species in the Spiculopteragia. C1 Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Vet, Dept Patol Anim 1, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. USDA ARS, BARC E, Biosystemat Unit, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Santin-Duran, M (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Vet, Dept Patol Anim 1, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 88 IS 2 BP 417 EP 418 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 546UX UT WOS:000175294300042 PM 12054028 ER PT J AU Silva, JCR Gennari, SM Ragozo, AMA Amajones, VR Magnabosco, C Yai, LEO Ferreira-Neto, JS Dubey, JP AF Silva, JCR Gennari, SM Ragozo, AMA Amajones, VR Magnabosco, C Yai, LEO Ferreira-Neto, JS Dubey, JP TI Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sera of domestic cats from Guarulhos and Sao Paulo, Brazil SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TISSUE CYSTS; RESPONSES; DIAGNOSIS AB Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were determined in serum samples of 502 domestic cats from Brazil by the modified agglutination test (MAT), using formalin-fixed whole tachyzoites and mercaptoethanol. Antibodies (MAT 1:20) were found in 132 (26.3%) of 502 cats. With respect to origin, antibodies were found in 26.7% of 430 stray cats from Sao Paulo, 10% of 40 stray cats from Guarulhos, and 40.6% of 32 cats from a cat breeder in Sao Paulo. Antibody titers were: 1:20 in 10 cats, 1:25 in 40 cats, 1:50 in 73 cats, and a 1:500 in 9 cats. Exposure rates of T. gondii in cats from Sao Paulo, Brazil are similar to that in domestic cats in North America. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ctr Controle Zoonoses Sao Paulo, BR-02031020 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ctr Controle Zoonoses Guarulhos, BR-07096231 Guarulhos, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, Cidade Univ, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012 OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277 NR 16 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 88 IS 2 BP 419 EP 420 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0419:POTGAI]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 546UX UT WOS:000175294300043 PM 12054029 ER PT J AU Hess, JR Carman, JG Banowetz, GM AF Hess, JR Carman, JG Banowetz, GM TI Hormones in wheat kernels during embryony SO JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE development; ELISA; embryology; plant growth regulators; seed fill ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; ABSCISIC-ACID; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CYTOKININ ACCUMULATION; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; ENDOSPERM DEVELOPMENT; GROWTH-REGULATOR; PLANT CYTOKININ; DORMANCY; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY AB Abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and six cytokinins in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain components were extracted, from 0 to 25 d post anthesis (DPA), and quantified by noncompetitive indirect ELISA. At 3 DPA, which coincides with early embryo and endosperm cell divisions, whole kernel hormone levels in mumol kg(-1) dry mass (DM) were: zeatin (Z) 30, IAA 4, zeatin riboside 1.8, ABA 1.0, other cytokinins < 0.6. Endosperm Z content declined from about 13 mumol kg(-1) DM at 6 DPA to 0.1 mumol kg(-1) DIM by 9 DPA and remained low thereafter. Generally by 9 IDPA, embryo differentiation is nearly complete, and the endosperm mitotic index has decreased to near zero. At 13 IDPA, Z content in embryos was 0.9 mumol kg(-1) DIM, and then decreased to 0.3 mumol kg(-1) DM by 25 DPA. Endosperm IAA content remained low through 9 DPA (about 6 mumol kg(-1) DM) and then increased sharply to about 38 mumol kg(-1) DM by 19 and 25 DPA. In contrast, embryo IAA content decreased from about 34 mumol kg(-1) DM at 13 DPA to about 15 mumol kg(-1) DIM at 19 and 25 IDPA. Endosperm ABA content fluctuated between 1.0 and 4.5 mumol kg(-1) DM between 6 and 25 DPA while embryo ABA content fluctuated between 3.4 and 4.8 mumol kg(-1) DM between 13 and 25 IDPA. These hormone changes may be involved in the coordinated development of embryos in ovulo. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Carman, JG (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM jcarm@mendel.usu.edu NR 42 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0176-1617 J9 J PLANT PHYSIOL JI J. Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 159 IS 4 BP 379 EP 386 DI 10.1078/0176-1617-00718 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 553YY UT WOS:000175707000007 ER PT J AU Cornish, K Brichta, JL AF Cornish, K Brichta, JL TI Some rheological properties of latex from Parthenium argentatum Gray compared with latex from Hevea brasiliensis and Ficus elastica SO JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Guayule; latex; Hevea brasiliensis Mull.Arg.; Ficus elastica Roxb.; natural rubber; polyisoprene; rubber particles ID CROSS-REACTIVITY; RUBBER PARTICLES; GUAYULE LATEX AB Latex was purified from Parthenium argentatum Gray (guayule), Hevea brasiliensis Mull. Arg. (the Brazilian or para rubber tree), and Ficus elastica Roxb. (the Indian rubber tree) in ammonium alginate at pH 10. The rheological properties of the different latices (rubber particle suspensions) were determined and compared using flow temperature ramps. Latex from all three species became more viscous with increasing rubber particle concentration and decreasing temperature. At any particular temperature and concentration, latex from F. elastica was by far the most viscous, whereas the H. brasiliensis latex was the least viscous. In addition, the tendency for the latex to coagulate increased with increasing temperature and increasing particle concentration. F. elastica latex was highly sensitive to temperature, H. brasiliensis latex was the least sensitive, and P. argentatum latex demonstrated intermediate properties. The underlying causes of these differences in latex rheology are not clear but may partially relate to the particle size (largest in F. elastica and smallest in H. brasiliensis), the particle size distribution, and/or to the considerable differences in the biochemical components of the monolayer biomembrane that surrounds the various rubber particles. Differences in the molecular weight of the rubber contained within the rubber particles seem less likely to play a role because the particles remain intact in this study. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Cornish, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 16 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1566-2543 J9 J POLYM ENVIRON JI J. Polym. Environ. PD APR PY 2002 VL 10 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1023/A:1021061805077 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 614QU UT WOS:000179201800003 ER PT J AU Tu, SI Golden, M Andreotti, P Irwin, P AF Tu, SI Golden, M Andreotti, P Irwin, P TI The use of time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay to simultaneously detect Escherichia coli O157 : H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteriditis in foods SO JOURNAL OF RAPID METHODS AND AUTOMATION IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUND-BEEF; ASSAY; BIOSENSOR; BACTERIA; BEADS AB Immunomagnetic beads (IMB) were used to capture and concentrate Escherichia coli o157:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteriditis. The captured bacteria were allowed to form sandwiched complexes with europium (Eu) labeled anti-E. coli O157 antibodies and/or samarium (Sm) labeled anti-Salmonella antibodies. After washing the complexes utilizing a magnetic particle concentrator (MPC), the lanthanide labels were extracted from the cell/antibody complexes utilizing PerkinElmer Wallac Enhancement Solution (PerkinElmer Wallac, Turku, Finland) which causes the release of the Eu or Sm from the antibodies and the formation of highly fluorescent Eu-(2-NTA)(3)(TOPO)(2-3) or Sm-(2-NTA)(3)(TOPO)(2-3), micellar complexes. The specific time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) associated with Eu and Sm were measured to estimate the quantity of E. coli and Salmonella, respectively. ne sensitivity of the method was in the range of 10(3) to 10(4) CFU/mL for pure cultures of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium or Salmonella enterica serovar Enteriditis. The approach of applying sandwich complexes yielded a minimum cross-reactivity with non-targeted bacteria. After an enrichment of spiked hamburger, turkey or pork for 4.5 h at 37C in EC medium containing novobiocin, one CFU/g of either E. coli or Salmonella or both was detected. The results demonstrated that low levels of E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteriditis in foods could be detected alone or in-pair by the TRF approach within 8 h. C1 ARS, USDA, NAA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. Atlantic Sci Res, Plantation, FL 33313 USA. RP Tu, SI (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NAA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 1060-3999 J9 J RAPID METH AUT MIC JI '. Rapid Methods Autom. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 10 IS 1 BP 37 EP 48 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 554FP UT WOS:000175724000005 ER PT J AU Mickler, RA Earnhardt, TS Moore, JA AF Mickler, RA Earnhardt, TS Moore, JA TI Modeling and spatially distributing forest net primary production at the regional scale SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Forest, agricultural, rangeland, wetland, and urban landscapes have different rates of carbon sequestration and total carbon sequestration potential under alternative management options. Changes in the proportion and spatial distribution of land use could enhance or degrade that area's ability to sequester carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. As the ecosystems within a landscape change due to natural or anthropogenic processes, they may go from being a carbon sink to a carbon source or vice versa. Satellite image analysis has been tested for timely and accurate measurement of spatially explicit land use change and is well suited for use in inventory and monitoring of terrestrial carbon. The coupling of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data with a physiologically based forest productivity model (PnET-II) and historic climatic data provides an opportunity to enhance field plot-based forest inventory and monitoring methodologies. We use periodic forest inventory data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program to obtain estimates of forest area and type and to generate estimates of carbon storage for evergreen, deciduous, and mixed-forest classes. The area information is used in an accuracy assessment of remotely sensed forest cover at the regional scale. The map display of modeled net primary production (NPP) shows a range of forest carbon storage potentials and their spatial relationship to other landscape features across the southern United States. This methodology addresses the potential for measuring and projecting forest carbon sequestration in the terrestrial biosphere of the southern United States. C1 Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Mickler, RA (reprint author), Mantech Environm Technol Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 8 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR PY 2002 VL 52 IS 4 BP 407 EP 415 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 541UE UT WOS:000175002300005 PM 12002186 ER PT J AU Roberts, SB McCrory, MA Saltzman, E AF Roberts, SB McCrory, MA Saltzman, E TI The influence of dietary composition on energy intake and body weight SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the American-College-of-Nutrition CY OCT 03-07, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Coll Nutrition DE diet; energy intake; fat intake; sugar; glycemic index; energy density; body fatness; energy metabolism ID LOW-FAT DIETS; GLYCEMIC INDEX FOODS; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; AD-LIBITUM; OBESITY; DENSITY; SUGAR; WOMEN; NUTRITION; HUMANS AB We review evidence regarding the influence of dietary fat, fiber, the glycemic index and sugar on energy intake and body weight. Although data from comprehensive long-term studies are lacking, published investigations suggest that the previous focus on lowering dietary fat as a means for promoting negative energy balance has led to an underestimation of the potential role of dietary composition in promoting reductions in energy intake and weight loss. More randomized clinical trials are needed to examine the relative utility of different putative dietary factors in the treatment of obesity. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 49 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER COLL NUTRITION PI NEW YORK PA C/O HOSP. JOINT DIS. 301 E. 17TH ST., NEW YORK, NY 10003 USA SN 0731-5724 J9 J AM COLL NUTR JI J. Am. Coll. Nutr. PD APR PY 2002 VL 21 IS 2 BP 140S EP 145S PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 541JC UT WOS:000174980600012 PM 11999542 ER PT J AU Capps, O Cleveland, L Park, J AF Capps, O Cleveland, L Park, J TI Dietary behaviors associated with total fat and saturated fat intake SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FOOD SOURCES; NHANES-II; WOMEN; PATTERNS; MACRONUTRIENTS; INTERVENTION; RELIABILITY; CHOLESTEROL; VALIDITY; NUTRIENT AB Objective To estimate percentages of US adults who have adopted behaviors promoted by dietary guidance about how to reduce fat intake, and to assess relationships between these behaviors and intake of energy from total and saturated fat. Design Relationships were examined between intake of total and saturated fat from two 24-hour recalls in the US Department of Agriculture's 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and responses to 19 fat-related behavior questions on the follow-up Diet and Health Knowledge Survey (DHKS). Subjects Data are from a national sample of 5,649 individuals 20 years of age and older. Statistical analyses performed Multiple regression models are used to identify dietary behaviors, demographic factors, and personal characteristics that are determinants of fat intake. Results In this study, the percentage of US adults who consistently followed the low-fat behaviors ranged from 8% to 70%. The most highly adopted behaviors (45% or more of adults) included trimming fat from meat, removing skin from chicken, and eating chips infrequently. The least highly adopted behaviors (15% or less of adults) included eating baked or boiled potatoes without added fat, avoiding butter or margarine on broads, eating low-fat instead of regular cheeses, and having fruit for dessert when dessert is eaten. Together, the 19 fat-related behavior questions on the DHKS formed a statistically significant predictor for total fat and saturated fat intake, expressed as a percent of energy (P<.0001). Key behaviors in terms of their predicted effect on lowering both total and saturated fat intake were never adding fat to baked or boiled potatoes, not eating red meats, eating less than 3 eggs per week, and never eating chicken fried. Predicted effects of these key behaviors in terms of lowering fat intake as a percentage of energy were >= 1.5 percentage points for total fat and >= 0.5 percentage point fur saturated fat. Conclusions Results have applications for designing brief fat assessment instruments and fur identifying key nutrition education messages that promote important fat-lowering behaviors. C1 ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Agr Econ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. RP Cleveland, L (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 005,Room 102,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 120 S RIVERSIDE PLZ, STE 2000, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD APR PY 2002 VL 102 IS 4 BP 490 EP + DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(02)90114-8 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 538YU UT WOS:000174843300014 PM 11995630 ER PT J AU Mozersky, SM Allen, OD Marmer, WN AF Mozersky, SM Allen, OD Marmer, WN TI Vigorous proteolysis: Reliming in the presence of an alkaline protease and bating (post-liming) with an extremophile protease SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ASSAY; BEAMHOUSE; PROTEINS AB As part of an investigation into the feasibility of removing from a hide some or all of its decorin while it is being processed into leather, we studied the effects on the physical characteristics of the leather of subjecting the hide to vigorous proteolysis. We used two proteolytic enzyme preparations, one during reliming, and the second for bating post liming. The first is a commercially produced alkaline protease (AP). Extending the work of Alexander in England and of Kronick at Eastern Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, we found that, for each observed physical property, viz., tensile strength (Smax), Young's modulus (Y), and extensibility (E), the value for the AP-treated samples differed from the corresponding control value by < 6-8% (the least significant difference), thus demonstrating that AP does not adversely affect any of the three physical characteristics. The AP-treated hides are, however, substantially softer and more flexible than the controls. The second protease preparation is one that we made from a halophile selected because it does not produce collagenase. This protease is active in 4M NaCl at a mildly alkaline pH. Bating with the halophile protease in 4M NaCl was found to yield a leather with satisfactory physical characteristics (Smax, Y, and E). High salt concentration will be used experimentally to loosen the tight (albeit non-covalent) bonding of decorin to collagen, thus rendering the proteoglycan more susceptible to proteolysis and removal from the hide. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Mozersky, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD APR PY 2002 VL 97 IS 4 BP 150 EP 155 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 596EA UT WOS:000178150100004 ER PT J AU Kenar, JA AF Kenar, JA TI Reduction of fatty ester Delta(2)-isoxazoline heterocycles. Preparation of fatty esters containing the beta-hydroxy ketone moiety SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE fatty ester beta-hydroxy ketones; 1,3-cycloaddition; Delta(2)-isoxazolines; mass spectrometry; methyl 10-hydroxy-12-ketomargarate; methyl 10-hydroxy-12-ketononadecanoate; methyl 10-hydroxy-12-ketostearate; nitrile oxides; Raney nickel; reductive hydrogenolysis-hydrolysis ID NITRILE OXIDE CYCLOADDITION; DELTA-2-ISOXAZOLINES; OXIDATION; ISOXAZOLINES; ROUTE AB Fatty ester compounds containing the beta-hydroxy ketone moiety were prepared in good yields from their corresponding fatty Delta(2)-isoxazoline heterocyclic precursors by a reductive hydrogenolysis-hydrolysis procedure using Raney nickel as catalyst. By this methodology, C-17, C-18, and C-19 straight-chain fatty methyl esters containing the 10-hydroxy 12-keto moieties were prepared in 73, 83, and 92%, respectively, from their corresponding isoxazoline fatty ester compounds. Two other 10-hydroxy 12-keto C-12 and C-14 fatty ester compounds were prepared in 84 and 92% yield, respectively. The C-12 beta-hydroxy ketone contains a phenyl ring at C-12, whereas the C-14 beta-hydroxy ketone compound has two methyl substituents at C-13. GC-MS using electron impact ionization was used to determine the hydroxyl and ketone positions after conversion of the hydroxyl group into its corresponding trimethylsilyl ether. The precursor fatty ester Delta2-isoxazolines used in this study are readily available in one step from a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between nitrile oxides and methyl 10-undecenoate. This overall two-step sequence, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition followed by reductive ring opening, represents a convenient method to construct fatty ester compounds in good yields containing the beta-hydroxy ketone functionality, an outcome not easily accessible by other methods. C1 ARS, NCAUR, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Kenar, JA (reprint author), ARS, NCAUR, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 2002 VL 79 IS 4 BP 351 EP 356 DI 10.1007/s11746-002-0487-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 542BA UT WOS:000175022600007 ER PT J AU Iwasaki, Y Brown, W Hou, CT AF Iwasaki, Y Brown, W Hou, CT TI Biosynthetic pathway of diepoxy bicyclic FA from linoleic acid by Clavibacter sp ALA2 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE bioconversion; biosynthetic pathway; Clavibacter sp ALA2; diepoxy bicyclic fatty acid; linoleic acid; trihydroxy octadecenoic acid ID RICE BLAST DISEASE; OLEIC-ACID; FATTY-ACIDS; 7,10-DIHYDROXY-8(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID; COMPOUND; PLANT; BIOCONVERSION; PR3 AB The biosynthetic pathway of two bicyclic FA, 12:1 7,13:17-diepoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (DEOA) and 7-hydroxy-12:17,13:17-diepoxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (hDEOA), by Clavibacter sp. ALA2 was investigated, When cultivated with linoleic acid as a substrate, the strain produced 12,13,17-trihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (THOA), DEOA, and hDEOA as well as other FA. To clarify the synthetic route to these bicyclic FA, the strain was cultivated with purified THOA as a starting substrate. THOA was consumed almost completely by the strain with sequential generation of DEOA and hDEOA. Moreover, the strain produced hDEOA when cultivated with purified DEOA. Therefore, it was confirmed that THOA was a precursor of these bicyclic FA and that hDEOA was generated from DEOA. Based on our previously reported result that linoleic acid is first converted to 12,13-dihydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoic acid (DHOA) and the present results, the overall biosynthetic pathway for the diepoxy bicyclic FA from linoleic acid was postulated as: linoleic acid --> DHOA --> THOA --> DEOA --> hDEOA. C1 ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Hou, CT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD APR PY 2002 VL 79 IS 4 BP 369 EP 372 DI 10.1007/s11746-002-0490-x PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 542BA UT WOS:000175022600010 ER PT J AU Paarlberg, PL Lee, JG Seitzinger, AH AF Paarlberg, PL Lee, JG Seitzinger, AH TI Potential revenue impact of an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in the United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DEMAND; PRODUCTS; TRADE AB Objective-To estimate potential revenue impacts of an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in the United States similar to the outbreak in the United Kingdom during 2001. Design-Economic analysis successively incorporating quarantine and slaughter of animals, an export ban, and consumer fears about the disease were used to determine the combined impact. Sample Population-Secondary data for cattle, swine, lambs, poultry, and products of these animals. Procedure-Data for 1999 were used to calibrate a model for the US agricultural sector. Removal of animals, similar to that observed in the United Kingdom, was introduced, along with a ban on exportation of livestock, red meat, and dairy products and a reduction and shift in consumption of red meat in the United States. Results-The largest impacts on farm income of an FMD outbreak were from the loss of export markets and reductions in domestic demand arising from consumer fears, not from removal of infected animals. These elements could cause an estimated decrease of $14 billion (9.5%) in US farm income. Losses in gross revenue for each sector were estimated to be the following: live swine, -34%; pork, -24%; live cattle -17%; beef, -20%; milk, -16%; live lambs and sheep, -14%; lamb and sheep meat, -10%; forage, -15%; and soybean meal, -7%. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Procedures to contain an outbreak of FMD to specific regions and allow maintenance of FMD-free exports and efforts to educate consumers about health risks are critical to mitigating adverse economic impacts of an FMD outbreak. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Agr, Dept Agr Econ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ctr Epidemiol, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Ctr Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Paarlberg, PL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Agr, Dept Agr Econ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 22 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 220 IS 7 BP 988 EP 992 DI 10.2460/javma.2002.220.988 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 537CA UT WOS:000174738600021 PM 12420775 ER PT J AU Wells, SJ Whitlock, RH Wagner, BA Collins, J Garry, F Hirst, H Lawrence, J Saville, WJA Naugle, ALL AF Wells, SJ Whitlock, RH Wagner, BA Collins, J Garry, F Hirst, H Lawrence, J Saville, WJA Naugle, ALL TI Sensitivity of test strategies used in the Voluntary Johne's Disease Herd Status Program for detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in dairy cattle herds SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; DIAGNOSIS AB Objective-To evaluate sensitivities at the herd level of test strategies used in the Voluntary Johne's Disease Herd Status Program (VJDHSP) and alternative test strategies for detecting dairy cattle herds infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Design-Nonrandom cross-sectional study. Sample Population-64 dairy herds from Pennsylvania, Minnesota, Colorado, Ohio, and Wisconsin. Fifty-six herds had at least 1 cow shedding M paratuberculosis in feces; the other 8 herds were free from paratuberculosis. Procedure-For all adult cows in each herd, serum samples were tested for antibodies to M paratuberculosis with an ELISA, and fecal samples were submitted for bacterial culture for M paratuberculosis. Sensitivities at the herd level (probability of detecting infected herd) of various testing strategies were then evaluated. Results-Sensitivity at the herd level of the testing strategy used in level 1 of the VJDHSP (use of the ELISA to test samples from 30 cows followed by confirmatory bacterial culture of feces from cows with positive ELISA result) ranged from 33 to 84% for infected herds, depending on percentage of cows in the herd with positive bacterial culture results. If follow-up bacterial culture was not used to confirm positive ELISA results, sensitivity ranged from 70 to 93%, but probability of identifying uninfected herds as infected was 89%. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results suggest that the testing strategy used in the VJDHSP will fail to identify as infected most dairy herds with a low prevalence of paratuberculosis. A higher percentage of infected herds was detected if follow-up bacterial culture was not used, but this test strategy was associated with a high probability of misclassifying uninfected herds. C1 Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin & Populat Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Clin Studies, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. APHIS, Ctr Epidemiol, USDA, VS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. APHIS, Ctr Anim Hlth, USDA, VS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. IDEXX Labs, Westbrook, ME 04092 USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Prevent Med, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Wells, SJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin & Populat Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 11 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 220 IS 7 BP 1053 EP 1057 DI 10.2460/javma.2002.220.1053 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 537CA UT WOS:000174738600032 PM 12420786 ER PT J AU Weinberg, M Lawrence, CA Anderson, JD Randall, JR Botsford, LW Loeb, CJ Tadokoro, CS Orlob, GT Sabatier, P AF Weinberg, M Lawrence, CA Anderson, JD Randall, JR Botsford, LW Loeb, CJ Tadokoro, CS Orlob, GT Sabatier, P TI Biological and economic implications of Sacramento watershed management options SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamic; water quality; irrigated agriculture; finite-element; particle-tracking AB This paper brings together spatially and temporally explicit mechanistic models of hydrodynamic, water quality, and ecological processes with an economic model to examine water management alternatives for California's Sacramento River and Delta ecosystem, a large-scale watershed. Overallocated water supplies in most years, combined with increasing demand for water for environmental purposes, have created a politically charged atmosphere and a need for quantitative assessment of the implications of policy alternatives. By developing and analyzing a common set of policy scenarios, this integrated framework allows us to consider tradeoffs between agricultural economic factors, water quality, and population dynamics for two at-risk fish species. We analyze two rather extreme types of policy options; one involves structural modifications to change the flow of water within the watershed but no change in water diversions, while the other reallocates water from agricultural users to fish and wildlife. Results suggest that substantial environmental improvements could be made at a relatively modest cost to farmers (I to 4 percent reductions in revenues) but that those costs could be significant locally. In addition to tradeoffs between farmers and environmental interests, results suggest that policy makers may need to balance competing environmental objectives. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Resource & Environm Policy Branch, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif Dept Water Resources, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. URS Grp Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. Systech Engn Inc, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. HDR Engn Inc, Folsom, CA 95630 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Weinberg, M (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Resource & Environm Policy Branch, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RI Bond, Ronald/C-9201-2009 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 BP 367 EP 384 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb04323.x PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 544YD UT WOS:000175188700004 ER PT J AU McDowell, RW Sharpley, AN Kleinman, PJA AF McDowell, RW Sharpley, AN Kleinman, PJA TI Integrating phosphorus and nitrogen decision management at watershed scales SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE agronomic threshold; environmental threshold; P index; N index; critical source areas; BMPs ID AGRICULTURAL PHOSPHORUS; SOIL; DRAINAGE; RELEASE; QUALITY; MANURE AB The persistence of water quality problems has directed attention towards the reduction of agricultural nonpoint sources of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). We assessed the practical impact of three management scenarios to reduce P and N losses from a mixed land use watershed in central Pennsylvania, USA. Using Scenario 1 (an agronomic soil P threshold of 100 mg Mehlich-3 P kg(-1), above which no crop response is expected), 81 percent of our watershed would receive no P as fertilizer or manure. Under Scenario 2 (an environmental soil P threshold of 195 mg Mehlich-3 P kg(-1), above which the loss of P in surface runoff and subsurface drainage increases greatly), restricts future P inputs in only 51 percent of the watershed. Finally, using scenario 3 (P and N indices that account for likely source and transport risks), 25 percent of the watershed was at high risk or greater of P loss, while 60 percent of the watershed was classified as of high risk of nitrate (NO3) leaching. Areas at risk of P loss were near the stream channel, while areas at risk of NO3 leaching were near the boundaries of the watershed, where freely draining soils and high manure and fertilizer N applications coincide. Remedial measures to minimize P export should focus on critical source areas, while remedial measures to reduce N losses should be source based, concentrating on more efficient use of N by crops. C1 AgRes Ltd, Mosgiel, New Zealand. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP McDowell, RW (reprint author), AgRes Ltd, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel, New Zealand. OI McDowell, Richard/0000-0003-3911-4825 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 BP 479 EP 491 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb04331.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 544YD UT WOS:000175188700012 ER PT J AU Rubino, DL Williams, CE Moriarity, WJ AF Rubino, DL Williams, CE Moriarity, WJ TI Herbaceous layer contrast and alien plant occurrence in utility corridors and riparian forests of the Allegheny High Plateau SO JOURNAL OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE alien plants; herb layer; utility corridors; riparian forests ID VEGETATION MANAGEMENT; NEW-YORK; INVASION; HABITATS; ZONES; COMMUNITIES; DISTURBANCE; ROADS AB RUBINO. D.L.. C.E. WILLIAMS (Center for Natural Resources and the Environment. and Department of Biology. Clarion University of Pennsylvania. Clarion, PA 16214-1232) AND W.J. MORIARITY (USDA Forest Service, Allegheny National Forest, 222 Liberty Street, Warren, PA 16365). Herbaceous layer contrast and alien plant occurrence in utility corridors and riparian forests of the Allegheny High Plateau. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 129:125-135. 2002-Electric and petroleum utility corridors are common components of human-dominated landscapes, vital for the distribution of electric power. natural gas. and oil over short and long distances. Despite their economic importance, construction and maintenance of utility corridors can have negative impacts on the natural ecosystems that they traverse. For example, utility corridors can serve as foci for invasion of native plant communities by alien plant species that can adversely affect community structure and function. To determine how corridor establishment influences riparian vegetation of the Allegheny High Plateau of northwestern Pennsylvania, we compared the species composition and richness of the herbaceous layer (all vascular plants 7 1 In tall) of utility corridors and adjacent headwater riparian forests. and tested the hypothesis that utility corridors serve as foci for the invasion of adjacent riparian forest by alien vascular plants. We contrasted plant species richness and vegetative cover. cover by growth form, species richness and cover of alien plants and cover of microhabitat components (open soil, rock, leaf litter, log. bryophyte) in utility corridors and adjacent riparian forest at 17 sites. Cluster analysis revealed that herbaceous layer species assemblages in corridors and riparian forest were compositionally distinct. Herbaceous layer cover and species richness were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) greater in corridors than in riparian forest. Fern. graminoid, and forb species co-dominated herbaceous layer cover in corridors fern cover dominated riparian forests. Cover of alien plants was significantly greater in corridors than in riparian forest. Alien plant species richness and cover were significantly and positively correlated with open soil. floodplain width, and active channel width in corridors but were significantly and negatively correlated with litter cover in riparian forest. Given that the majority of alien plant species we found in corridors were shade-intolerant and absent from riparian forests, we conclude that open utility corridors primarily serve as habitat refugia, rather than as invasion foci. for alien plant species in riparian forests of the Allegheny High Plateau. C1 Clarion Univ Pennsylvania, Ctr Nat Resources & Environm, Clarion, PA 16214 USA. Clarion Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Biol, Clarion, PA 16214 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Allegheny Natl Forest, Warren, PA 16365 USA. RP Williams, CE (reprint author), Clarion Univ Pennsylvania, Ctr Nat Resources & Environm, Clarion, PA 16214 USA. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 16 PU TORREY BOTANICAL SOCIETY PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0040-9618 J9 J TORREY BOT SOC JI J. Torrey Bot. Soc. PD APR-JUN PY 2002 VL 129 IS 2 BP 125 EP 135 DI 10.2307/3088726 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 564WT UT WOS:000176337100005 ER PT J AU Neilan, JG Zsak, L Lu, Z Kutish, GF Afonso, CL Rock, DL AF Neilan, JG Zsak, L Lu, Z Kutish, GF Afonso, CL Rock, DL TI Novel swine virulence determinant in the left variable region of the African swine fever virus genome SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY RESPONSE GENE; HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; GROWTH IN-VITRO; MULTIGENE FAMILIES; BCL-2 HOMOLOG; DNA-SEQUENCE; CELL-DEATH; NEUROVIRULENCE; INFECTION; MALAWI AB Previously we have shown that the African swine fever virus (ASFV) NL gene deletion mutant E70DeltaNL is attenuated in pigs. Our recent observations that NL gene deletion mutants of two additional pathogenic ASFV isolates, Malawi Lil-20/1 and Pr4, remained highly virulent in swine (100% mortality) suggested that these isolates encoded an additional virulence determinant(s) that was absent from E70. To map this putative virulence determinant, in vivo marker rescue experiments were performed by inoculating swine with infection-transfection lysates containing E70 NL deletion mutant virus (E70DeltaNL) and cosmid DNA clones from the Malawi NL gene deletion mutant (MalDeltaNL). A cosmid clone representing the left-hand 38-kb region (map units 0.05 to 0.26) of the MalDeltaNL genome was capable of restoring full virulence to E70DeltaNL. Southern blot analysis of recovered virulent viruses confirmed that they were recombinant E70DeltaNL genomes containing a 23- to 28-kb DNA fragment of the Malawi genome. These recombinants exhibited an unaltered MalDeltaNL disease and virulence phenotype when inoculated into swine. Additional in vivo marker rescue experiments identified a 20-kb fragment, encoding members of multigene families (MGF) 360 and 530, as being capable of fully restoring virulence to E70DeltaNL. Comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of the left variable region of the E70DeltaNL and Malawi Lil-20/1 genomes identified an 8-kb deletion in the E70DeltaNL isolate which resulted in the deletion and/or truncation of three MGF 360 genes and four MGF 530 genes. A recombinant MalDeltaNL deletion mutant lacking three members of each MGF gene family was constructed and evaluated for virulence in swine. The mutant virus replicated normally in macrophage cell culture but was avirulent in swine. Together, these results indicate that a region within the left variable region of the ASFV genome containing the MGF 360 and 530 genes represents a previously unrecognized virulence determinant for domestic swine. C1 Agr Res Serv, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Neilan, JG (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM jneilan@piadc.ars.usda.gov NR 66 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X EI 1098-5514 J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 76 IS 7 BP 3095 EP 3104 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.7.3095-3104.2002 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 529ZE UT WOS:000174330500002 PM 11884534 ER PT J AU Palmer, MV Waters, WR Whipple, DL AF Palmer, MV Waters, WR Whipple, DL TI Susceptibility of raccoons (Procyon lotor) to infection with Mycobacterium bovis SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bovine tuberculosis; experimental infection; Mycobacterium bovis; Procyon lotor; raccoon ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; NATURALLY-OCCURRING TUBERCULOSIS; NEW-ZEALAND; RED DEER; MICHIGAN; TRANSMISSION; PATHOGENESIS; EUROPAEUS; FERRETS AB Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis infection is endemic in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the northeastern portion of the lower Michigan peninsula (USA). Various wild carnivores and omnivores, including raccoons (Procyon lotor), are infected with M. bovis within the endemic area. To investigate the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in raccoons and the likelihood of M. bovis transmission from infected raccoons to other susceptible hosts, we experimentally inoculated raccoons with single oral doses of M. bovis (ranging from 30 to 1.7 X 10(5) colon) forming units [CFU]), five daily oral (loses of M. bovis (ranging from 10 to I x 10(5) CFU), or a single intravenous (IV) dose of 1 x 10(5) CFU of M. bovis, from November 1998 through December 2000. Granulomatous lesions Consistent with tuberculosis, or tissue colonization with M. bovis, were seen in one of five raccoons in the single low oral dose group, one of five raccoons in the multiple low oral dose group, two of five raccoons in the multiple medium oral dose group, five of five raccoons in the multiple high oral dose group, and five of five raccoons in the IV inoculated group, In orally inoculated raccoons, lesions were most common in the tracheobronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes and lung. Excretion of M. bovis in saliva or nasal secretions was noted in all IV inoculated raccoons and two of five multiple low oral dose raccoons. Mycobacterium bovis was not isolated from urine or feces from any experimentally inoculated raccoons. The need fur multiple large oral doses to establish infection, and the low number of orally inoculated raccoons that excreted M. bovis in nasal secretions or saliva, suggest that widespread tuberculosis among raccoons is unlikely. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Palmer, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 N Dayton Ave, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 BP 266 EP 274 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 547YR UT WOS:000175361100004 PM 12038124 ER PT J AU Ewing, R Zaias, J Stamper, MA Bossart, GD Dubey, JP AF Ewing, R Zaias, J Stamper, MA Bossart, GD Dubey, JP TI Prevalence of Sarcocystis sp in stranded Atlantic white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus acutus) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Atlantic white-sided dolphin; epidemiology; Lagenorhynchus acutus; protozoan; Sarcocystis ID SEA OTTER; NEURONA AB In janualy 1998 and 1999, two mass strandings of dolphins occurred in Wellfleet, Massachusetts. The strandings were composed of 97 and 53 animals, respectively,. Tissues from 35 Atlantic white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus acutus) from the 1998 stranding and 52 from the 1999 stranding were examined histologically. In the 1998 stranding, unidentified protozoal tissue cysts were soon in skeletal muscle from 11 of 28 (39%) dolphins. In addition, two dolphins had a protozoal tissue cyst in cardiac muscle. in the 1999 stranding, nine of 23 (39%) dolphins had the same protozoal tissue cysts in skeletal muscle. The identification of these protozoal tissue cysts as Sarcocystis sp. was confirmed by light and transmission electron microscopy. The high provalence of sarcocysts in these dolphins suggests that they are likely intermediate hosts for previously undescribed Sarcocystis spp. The ultrastructure of the sarcocyst walls suggests that more than one species of Sarcocystis are present in dolphins. C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Div Comparat Pathol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. New England Aquarium, Boston, MA 02110 USA. Miami Seaquarium, Miami, FL 33149 USA. ARS, USDA, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ewing, R (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Div Comparat Pathol, 1600 NW 10th Ave,Room 7101A, Miami, FL 33136 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [T32 RR07057] NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 BP 291 EP 296 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 547YR UT WOS:000175361100008 PM 12038128 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Palmer, MV Sacco, RE Whipple, DL AF Waters, WR Palmer, MV Sacco, RE Whipple, DL TI Nitric oxide production as an indication of Mycobacterium bovis infection in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE bovine tuberculosis; lipopolysaccharide; Mannheimia haemolytica; mononuclear cells; Mycobacterium bovis; nitric oxide; Odocoileus virginianus; reactive nitrogen intermediates; white-tailed deer ID MACROPHAGE FUNCTION; TUBERCULOSIS; MICHIGAN; MODEL AB White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are reservoirs for Mycobacterium bovis in northeast Michigan, USA. Production of nitric oxide (NO) by activated macrophages is a potent mechanism of killing. The capacity of macrophages to produce NO, however, varies among mammalian species. The objective of this study was to determine if mononuclear cells from white-tailed deer produce nitrite Lis all indication of NO production and, if so, is NO Produced ill response to Stimulation with M. bovis antigens. Supernatants were harvested with adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures that had been stimulated with either Mannheimia haemolytica lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or media alone (i.e., no stimulation). Nitrite levels within M. haemolytica LPS-stimulated culture supernatants exceeded (P < 0.05) those detected within supernatants from non-stimulated cultures as well as those detected within supernatants from cultures receiving an inhibitor of NO synthase in addition to M. haemolytica LPS. Ill response to stimulation with M. Bovis antigens, nitrite production by PBMC from M. bovis-infected deer exceeded (P < 0.05) the production by PBMC from non-infected deer. The response of PBMC from infected deer to M. bovis antigens exceeded (P < 0.05) the response of parallel cultures from the same deer receiving no stimulation. The response of PBMC from M. bovis-infected deer to M. avium antigens did not differ from that of PBMC from M. bovis-infected deer to no stimulation or from that of PBMC from non-infected deer to M. avium antigens. These findings indicate that adherent PBMC from white-tailed deer are capable of NO production and that mononuclear cells isolated from M. bovis-infected white-tailed deer produce NO in an antigen-specific recall response. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 BP 338 EP 343 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 547YR UT WOS:000175361100013 PM 12038133 ER PT J AU Waters, WR Sacco, RE Fach, SJ Palmer, MV Olsen, SC Kreeger, TJ AF Waters, WR Sacco, RE Fach, SJ Palmer, MV Olsen, SC Kreeger, TJ TI Analysis of mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte subset proliferation and nitric oxide production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of captive elk (Cervus elaphus) SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE B cells; cellular immunity; Cervus elaphus; lymphocyte subsets; nitric oxide ID FLOW CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-BOVIS; MACROPHAGE FUNCTION; BRUCELLA-ABORTUS; RESPONSES; CATTLE; DEER; PARATUBERCULOSIS; SUBPOPULATIONS AB Elk (Cervus elaphus) are reservoirs for Brucella abortus, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, each a serious pathogen of domestic livestock. An understanding of the basic immune responsiveness of elk would aid efforts to develop methods to diagnose and prevent these diseases of elk. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from captive elk were examined for phenotype, lymphocyte subset proliferative capacity, and ability to produce nitric oxide (NO) upon pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation. Although gammadelta TCR+ cells represented a high percentage of the peripheral blood lymphocyte pool, these cells responded poorly to PWM stimulation. B cells (i.e., sIgM(+) cells), conversely, were responsive to PWM stimulation. Addition of PWM to PBMC cultures also resulted in a significant production of nitrite, the stable oxidation product of NO. Similar to other ruminant species, the majority of elk peripheral blood sIgM(+) cells co-expressed MHC class II and B-B4, a B cell lineage marker that varies in expression during B cell development. Findings from the present study provide basic information on several parameters of cellular immunity of elk. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Resp Dis Livestock Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Immunobiol Grad Program, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Wyoming Game & Fish Dept, Wheatland, WY 82201 USA. RP Waters, WR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 BP 344 EP 351 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 547YR UT WOS:000175361100014 PM 12038134 ER PT J AU Linhart, SB Wlodkowski, JC Kavanaugh, DM Motes-Kreimeyer, L Montoney, AJ Chipman, RB Slate, D Bigler, LL Fearneyhough, MG AF Linhart, SB Wlodkowski, JC Kavanaugh, DM Motes-Kreimeyer, L Montoney, AJ Chipman, RB Slate, D Bigler, LL Fearneyhough, MG TI A new flavor-coated sachet bait for delivering oral rabies vaccine to raccoons and coyotes SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE baits; Canis latrans; coyote; oral vaccination; Procyon lotor; rabies; raccoon ID FIELD-EVALUATION; PROCYON-LOTOR; UNITED-STATES; RED FOXES; TRIAL; STRATEGIES; ACCEPTANCE; FLORIDA; SWINE AB Research was conducted during 1996-2000 to develop baits for delivering an oral rabies vaccine to raccoons (Procyon lotor) and coyotes (Canis latrans). A bait was sought that: (1) was attractive to the target species, (2) could be distributed by aircraft, (3) was as effective (or more so) than the currently used fish meal polymer bait, and (4) could be produced in large numbers by automated procedures and could be purchased by user groups at substantially lower cost. Ten field trials were conducted to document raccoons' bait flavor preferences, evaluate a new vaccine sachet bait coated with various attractants, and determine if the sachet bait would effectively deliver Raboral V-RG(R) oral rabies vaccine (Merial Limited, Athens, Georgia, USA) to this species. Raccoons preferred fish and crustacean-based flavors over those derived from plant materials. Raccoon visits to tracking stations, frequency of bait removals, and percent of sachets discarded by this species that were emptied of placebo vaccine indicated efficacy of the new bait was equal or superior to the currently used fish meal polymer bait. A field trial conducted in fall 1998 compared aerially distributed vaccine-laden sachet and polymer baits and showed there was no difference between the percent of raccoons from the test and reference areas subsequently found positive for rabies antibody. Four bait trials to determine coyote response to sachet baits were conducted in 1997-98. The propensity for canids to gulp or bolt smaller food items is well known. Thus, a first trial involved offering fish-flavored sachet baits of different sizes to 30 captive coyotes to determine if smaller size baits were more frequently swallowed intact. Two field trials were also conducted in fall 1997 to determine if free-ranging coyotes discriminated among sachet baits coated with different attractants. Finally, Raboral V-RG(R)-laden poultry-flavored sachet baits were aerially dropped and the percent of seropositive coyotes was compared with coyotes from surrounding areas where fish meal polymer vaccine baits had been distributed. Captive coyotes did not swallow sachet baits intact, regardless of size. Bait preference field trials indicated that coyotes preferred poultry, cheese/beef tallow, and fish-flavored sachet baits and that such baits were taken at the same rate as polymer baits. A sample of coyotes from the area baited with vaccine-laden sachet baits had a markedly higher (P = 0.01) seropositivity rate than coyotes from areas where vaccine was distributed in polymer baits. Sachet bait production could be facilitated by automated technology and sachet baits used either as an alternative vaccine delivery device or in combination with the fish meal polymer bait. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Merial Ltd, Div Biol, Biol Dev, Athens, GA 30601 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Wildlife Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Diagnost Lab, Zoonot Dis Sect, Ithaca, NY 14852 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Zoonoses Control Div, Austin, TX 78756 USA. RP Linhart, SB (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 BP 363 EP 377 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 547YR UT WOS:000175361100016 PM 12038136 ER PT J AU Trampel, DW Pepper, TM Witter, RL AF Trampel, DW Pepper, TM Witter, RL TI Reticuloendotheliosis in Hungarian partridge SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE case report; neoplasia; Perdix perdix; reticuloendotheliosis ID VIRUS; VACCINE; LYMPHOMAS; CHICKENS AB A large commercial flock of Hungarian partridge (Perdix perdix) experienced elevated mortality associated with a wasting disease in May 1998. Postmortem examination of females consistently revealed a distended crop and abnormal gray-white tissue infiltrating the wall of the crop and thoracic esophagus. Neoplasia in male partridge was observed in the liver. Microscopic examination of the crop and thoracic esophagus revealed transmural masses of immature lymphocytes with frequent mitotic figures. Similar cells were observed in the liver of affected males. Virus particles consistent in size and morphology with reticuloendotheliosis virions were observed in neoplastic lymphoid cells via electron microscopy. Reticuloendotheliosis virus was isolated from each of four blood samples. This disease has not previously been reported in Hungarian partridges. Hungarian partridge may represent a potential reservoir of infection for other gamebirds, including prairie chickens. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod ANim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Biotechnol & Life Sci, Bessey Microscopy Facil, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Trampel, DW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Diagnost & Prod ANim Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2002 VL 38 IS 2 BP 438 EP 442 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 547YR UT WOS:000175361100025 PM 12038145 ER PT J AU Aubry, KB Raley, CM AF Aubry, KB Raley, CM TI Selection of nest and roost trees by pileated woodpeckers in coastal forests of Washington SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Abies anzabilis; decadent tree; Dryocopus pileatus; forest management; heart-rot fungi; nest; Pacific Northwest; Pacific silver fir; pileated woodpecker; roost; snag; Thuja plicata; Tsuga heterophylla; western hemlock; western redcedar ID DOUGLAS-FIR FORESTS; WESTERN OREGON; NORTHEASTERN OREGON; HABITAT; ECOLOGY; TESTS; BIRDS; DECAY AB Providing adequate habitat for the pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) is a key component of federal forest management plans in the Pacific Northwest, yet information is extremely limited on characteristics of trees selected by this species for nesting or roosting in coastal forests. We investigated selection by pileated woodpeckers of both individual tree and site characteristics for nesting and roosting in coastal forests, and evaluated the efficacy of current management prescriptions for these woodpeckers on federal lands. From 1990 to 1995, we used call surveys, ground searches, and radiotelemetry to locate 25 nest and 144 roost trees used by 31 adult pileated woodpeckers (16 females, 15 males) in western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) forests located about 20 kin cast of die Pacific coast in Washington, USA. Nesting pairs typically excavated nest cavities in different trees each year, and individual birds used an average of 7 different roost trees during the nonbreeding season. Pileated woodpeckers used decadent live trees as often as snags for both nesting and roosting. They selected Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis) for nesting and western redcedar (Thuja plicata) for roosting, and selected against western hemlock for both activities. For nesting, pileated woodpeckers used only trees 65-154 cm in diameter at breast height (dbh) but were not selective within this range; for roosting, they selected trees 155-309 cur dbh and selected against. trees <125 cm dbh. For both nesting and roosting, pileated woodpeckers selected trees greater than or equal to27.5 in tall and selected against trees <17.5 m tall. Decay characteristics of trees used by pileated woodpeckers for nesting differed strongly from those used for roosting. Site characteristics also influenced selection of nest and roost trees by pileated woodpeckers; 0.4-ha plots around nest and roost trees contained a higher diversity of tree species and higher densities of decadent trees greater than or equal to20 cm dbh and snags greater than or equal to50 cm dbh than availability plots. The Northwest Forest Plan specifics the retention of 1 large, hard snag per 17 ha of harvested forest to provide nest trees for pileated woodpeckers. Out, results indicate that providing adequate habitat for pileated woodpeckers in coastal forests of the Pacific Northwest may require a more comprehensive management strategy that also includes provisions for roost trees and that emphasizes retention of both snags and decadent trees, especially those infected with heart-rot decay fungi. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Aubry, KB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. NR 59 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 392 EP 406 DI 10.2307/3803172 PG 15 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 548XC UT WOS:000175414300015 ER PT J AU Dettmers, R Buehler, DA Franzreb, KE AF Dettmers, R Buehler, DA Franzreb, KE TI Testing habitat-relationship models for forest birds of the southeastern United States SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bird-habitat relationships; forest type; Georgia; model performance; passerines; Southern Blue Ridge region; stand age; Tennessee; Virginia AB The bird-habitat relationships proposed by Hamel (1992) represent the most comprehensive description of habitat suitability for all birds that breed and/or winter in forests of the southern United States. These relationships were developed from compilations of published census and natural history data, field experience, and expert opinion. As such, these relationships can be considered untested models of bird-habitat associations. We tested the ability of these models to predict the distribution of 25 common breeding birds among the forest habitat typed, of the Southern Blue Ridge physiographic province. We used point-count survey data from national forests in Virginia, Tennessee, and Georgia to test the models. Thirteen of 25 models (52%) performed well (i.e., positive association between ranks from model predictions and ranks from the observed data) on the Tennessee data, while only 33% and 23% of the models performed well on the Georgia and Virginia data, respectively. Models for some species with distributions restricted to mid-aged to mature deciduous habitats (e.g., black-and-white warbler [Mniotilta varia] and black-throated blue warbler [Dendroica caerulescens]) and/or restricted to high elevations (e.g., veery [Catharus fuscescens]) performed well across study sites. However, models for other mature deciduous forest species did not perform as well because these species (e.g., ovenbird. [Seiurus aurocapillus], scarlet tanager [Piranga olivacea], and wood thrush [Hylocichla mustelina]) tended to occur more frequently than predicted in early age classes or mixed forest types. For these species, we suggest that early-aged deciduous habitat types be considered marginal habitat (rather than unused, as defined in Hamel's publication) for these relatively widespread forest birds in the Southern Blue Ridge region. Models for habitat generalists (e.g., Carolina chickadee [Poecile carolinensis], Carolina wren [Thryotharus ludovicianus), and red-eyed vireo [Vireo olivaceus]) did not perform well. We suggest that Hamel's models be used cautiously for most birds in mature forest habitats. Further tests of these models are needed to clarify the discrepancies between the predicted and observed patterns of habitat use we observed. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, So Appalachian Cooperat Ecosyst Studies Unit, USDA,So Res Stn, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. RP Dettmers, R (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 300 Westgate Ctr Dr, Hadley, MA 01035 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 417 EP 424 DI 10.2307/3803174 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 548XC UT WOS:000175414300017 ER PT J AU Blejwas, KM Sacks, BN Jaeger, MM McCullough, DR AF Blejwas, KM Sacks, BN Jaeger, MM McCullough, DR TI The effectiveness of selective removal of breeding coyotes in reducing sheep predation SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE breeding status; California; Canis latrans; control; coyote; depredation; livestock protection collar; predation; selective removal; sheep; wildlife damage management ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; PUBLIC-ATTITUDES; DOMESTIC SHEEP; MULE DEER; MANAGEMENT; POLICY; STERILIZATION; DEPREDATION; LOSSES; SIZE AB We evaluated the effect on sheep losses of selectively removing breeding coyotes (Canis latrans) from territories experiencing depredations. Breeding pairs of coyotes were the primary predators of sheep, and they killed sheep only within or on the periphery of their territories. Removal of either or both members of a breeding pair reduced or eliminated predation in that territory during the subsequent 3-month period. Killing of sheep by coyotes resumed sooner in territories that overlapped lambing pastures than in those that did not. For territories with access to lambs, the average time interval until killing of lambs resumed (43 days) approximated the time for a replacement pair of coyotes to become established. Removals of breeding coyotes during the nonlambing season did not reduce losses during the following lambing season. Although <33% as many coyotes were removed per unit time during selective control as during nonselective control, lambing-season lamb losses were lowest during the selective removal period. During the nonlambing period (when predation on sheep was low) sheep losses were similar under selective, nonselective, and no control. These results suggest that selective targeting of breeding coyotes, which is more socially acceptable than nonselective population reduction, also can be more effective in reducing sheep losses. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, John Muir Inst Environm, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Blejwas, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 151 Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 54 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 23 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 451 EP 462 DI 10.2307/3803178 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 548XC UT WOS:000175414300021 ER PT J AU Smith, GW Stoddart, LC Knowlton, FF AF Smith, GW Stoddart, LC Knowlton, FF TI Long-distance movements of black-tailed jackrabbits SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE black-tailed jackrabbit; hares; jackrabbit; Lepus californicus; migration; movements; telemetry; Utah ID POPULATION AB During an intensive demographic study of black-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus californicus) in Curlew Valley, Utah, USA, we noted unexpected large displacements among 30% of our study animals. Although understanding movement patterns-especially long-distance movements-should be an essential element for programs studying and managing wild populations, reports of such events among jackrabbits are rare. 1, re describe aspects of long-distance movements within I jackrabbit population. We placed radio transmitters on 393 black-tailed jackrabbits and accumulated 28,945 animal-clays of data during 5 study periods between 1979 and 1984. In 146 instances, we documented hares moving greater than or equal to5.0 km, typically within 2-10 days. Although 3 hares moved greater than or equal to25 km (longest = 35 km), 63% of such movements were: 10 kin. Long movements occurred in all seasons but on an animal-day basis were most frequent February-April (24%) and October-December (52%). Vectors between north and cast comprised 66% of long distance movements documented between March and May. However, 65% of such movements during summer and 83% during fall and winter involved vectors between south and west. These movements appeared to represent migrations to and from traditional, wintering areas. Despite the magnitude of these movements, the Curlew Valley jackrabbit population appears to be demographically closed, but if timing of movements varies among sex and age classes, demographic analyses on geographic units that do not encompass the entire valley could be affected. Efforts to mitigate jackrabbit depredations on growing crops or stored forages should incorporate information. about seasonal movement patterns as well as the areas potential management programs might affect. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Logan, UT USA. Utah State Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Wildlife Serv, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Smith, GW (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 463 EP 469 DI 10.2307/3803179 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 548XC UT WOS:000175414300022 ER PT J AU Jenks, JA Smith, WP DePerno, CS AF Jenks, JA Smith, WP DePerno, CS TI Maximum sustained yield harvest versus trophy management SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE either-sex harvest; maximum sustained yield; Odocoileus virginianus; Tennessee; trophy management; vehicle mortality; white-tailed deer ID DEER AB We examined hypotheses regarding compatibility of managing white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations for trophy males (i.e., greater than or equal to8 points) and maximum sustained yield (MSY) harvests, Harvest of white-tailed deer on Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee, USA, began in 1985 following 45 years of protection. We examined several hat-vest characteristics (e.g., age and sex composition, antler and body size of males) under the assumption that the population had attained an equilibrium during this period and hunter bias toward. males was constant across years. During 1985, 273 deer were killed by vehicles on the reservation; by 1994, mortality from vehicles declined to 143 deer. During the study period, annual harvest declined from 923 to 470 deer. We suspect that although the population had attained an equilibrium, it was likely below ecological carrying capacity (A) because of substantial vehicle mortality. Because of the absence of predators and other sources of natural mortality, we assumed that deer-vehicle collisions prior to hunting was the primary factor maintaining the population below K After the initiation of hunting in 1985, several demographic parameters indicated the, population was intensively harvested: 98% of the harvest was composed of males <4 years of age, deer-vehicle mortality was reduced by 50%, and modeling indicated that the population had stabilized at 61% of the prehunt population. Average age of trophy males declined following harvest. Body size of 1.5-year-old males increased following the initial hunt but became variable over the remaining period. Proportion of trophy males harvested declined from 36% to 15% throughout the stud), period. Following the initial harvest, the high proportion of yearling males harvested suggests that the age distribution of males became truncated. Results from our empirical example support the hypothesis that sustained production of trophy males is a consequence of MSY of either-sex harvests when males are considered trophy with greater than or equal to8 points, when annual recruitment at MSY consistently approaches unity, and when hunters show no selectivity bias. These constraints are unlikely under current management prescriptions. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Farmland Wildlife Populat & Res Grp, Madelia, MN 56062 USA. RP Jenks, JA (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. RI Jenks, Jonathan/B-7321-2009 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 2 BP 528 EP 535 DI 10.2307/3803186 PG 8 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 548XC UT WOS:000175414300029 ER PT J AU Bowyer, RT Stewart, KM Wolfe, SA Blundell, GM Lehmkuhl, KL Joy, PJ McDonough, TJ Kie, JG AF Bowyer, RT Stewart, KM Wolfe, SA Blundell, GM Lehmkuhl, KL Joy, PJ McDonough, TJ Kie, JG TI ASsessing sexual segregation in deer SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Cervudae; deer; landscape metrics; population density; sampling scale; sexual segregation ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; SOUTHERN MULE DEER; HABITAT SELECTION; DIMORPHIC DEER; HETEROGENEITY; ECOLOGY; SCALES; SEXES; SIZE; HYPOTHESIS AB Sexual segregation in temperate and arctic ruminants is defined as the differential use of space by the sexes outside the mating season. This phenomenon is widespread among taxa, and is especially prevalent among sexually dimorphic deer (Cervidae). Understanding how different genders are distributed across the landscape and how to assess these spatial patterns is of theoretical and applied importance. We developed a simple model to evaluate effects of landscape grain (i.e., patch characteristics), sampling scale, and population density of deer on detection of sexual segregation. We created landscape maps of 2 areas in which landscape grain was changed while other landscape metrics (e.g., area, shape, and diversity) were held relatively constant. We created a high-density population of deer to emulate conditions near ecological carrying capacity (K), and a low-density population at 3.0.CO;2-N PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 545YU UT WOS:000175245800014 PM 12017987 ER PT J AU Schuler, TM Ford, WM Collins, RJ AF Schuler, TM Ford, WM Collins, RJ TI Successional dynamics and restoration implications of a montane coniferous forest in the central Appalachians, USA SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE central Appalachians; eastern hemlock; forest structure; old-growth forest; red spruce ID WOOLLY ADELGID HOMOPTERA; OLD-GROWTH FOREST; NEW-YORK; SPRUCE; MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEMS; MOUNTAINS; PATTERNS; IMPACTS; STANDS AB Central Appalachian montane red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg,) communities have been greatly, reduced in extent and functional quality over the past century. This community decline has put several plant and animal species. such as the endangered Virginia northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus Shaw), at risk from habitat loss, and has resulted in the elimination of these forests as a commercially important type. Where feasible, red spruce restoration efforts may help mitigate these regional trends and provide valuable lessons for community restoration efforts elsewhere, In a pilot study designed to better understand second-growth spruce structure, we inventoried trees and downed coarse woody debris in an isolated montane red spruce forest in West Virginia, USA, We quantified stand characteristics and compared them, to structural characteristics of old-growth forest communities of similar Composition. At this relict forest, stand initiation occurred in the early 1920s following a period of watershed-wide timber harvesting. Live tree basal area greater than or equal to 10 cm dbh (44.5 m(2) ha(-1)), snag density greater than or equal to 10 cm dbh (256 ha(-1)), and total fallen log volume (86.2 m(3) ha(-1)) were similar to old-growth attributes. However, snag basal area > 10 cm dbh (4.6 m(2) ha(-1)), height of dominant and co-dominant red spruce (24.7 m), and maximum red spruce dbh (48.0 cm) were significantly less than would be expected in old-growth forests of similar composition, Red spruce comprised > 40% of dominant crown class trees and often was a main canopy emergent, However, eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis [L.] Carr.) had the highest relative importance value (51.7%), with red spruce (18.0%) and red maple (Acer rumbrum L.) (16.7%) representing lesser fractions, Stocking at 147% of threshold full stocking was correlated with slow grov.th rates for red spnice and eastern hemlock, Growth and yield simulations indicated current conditions would support a thinning in Smaller size classes that could accelerate individual tree growth rates and decrease time required to attain additional old-growth Structural characteristics. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Schuler, TM (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Box 404, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RI Liu, Yi-Chun/H-5463-2012 NR 73 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD APR PY 2002 VL 22 IS 2 BP 88 EP 98 PG 11 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 540KW UT WOS:000174929000002 ER PT J AU Madarish, D Schuler, TM AF Madarish, D Schuler, TM TI Effects of forest management practices on the federally endangered running buffalo clover (Trifolium stoloniferum Muhl. ex. A. Eaton) SO NATURAL AREAS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE endangered species; leaf area index; running buffalo clover; Trifolium stoloniferum; uneven-aged silviculture ID NORTH-AMERICA; PSEUDOREPLICATION; REDISCOVERY AB Running buffalo clover (Trifolium stoloniferum Muhl, ex. A. Eaton), a federally endangered plant species. often occurs in habitats affected by periodic disturbance such as mowing or grazing. At the Fernow Experimental Forest in West Virginia, USA, it is most often associated with skid roads where uneven-aged silvicultural techniques are being tested. We monitored running buffalo clover population trends for seven years in two research compartments before and after scheduled silvicultural operations. Stern density (stems/m(2)) was declining in both compartments prior to planned silvicultural operations, and ground-based,kidding caused a further reduction in the number of running buffalo clover locations and stems. Running buffalo clover began to increase in density two years after the logging. Running buffalo clover excluded from ground disturbance increased in the second growing season following tree removal, but had declined by the third season. Running buffalo clover subjected to ground disturbance continued to increase in density during, the third growing season. Canopy gaps, leaf area index, associated plants, and abiotic factors were compared between 35 sites supporting running buffalo clover and an, equal number of randomly chosen site,, in a third research compartment that had not been disturbed by silvicultural operations for 15 years. Running buffalo clover sites had greater gap areas and lower leaf area indexes than average for the whole compartment. Several herbaceous species, including Panicum L. spp., Eupatorium rugosum Houttuyn, and Amphicarpaea, bructeata (L.) Fern., were found more frequently at sites supporting running buffalo clover than would be predicted by chance. Preliminary results indicate that controlling, the intensity of surface disturbance, combined with the reduction in canopy density associated,with uneven-aged silviculture,. ill help sustain populations of running buffalo clover in managed forests. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. Calif Univ Penn, California, PA USA. RP Schuler, TM (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, POB 404, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RI Liu, Yi-Chun/H-5463-2012 NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURAL AREAS ASSOCIATION PI ROCKFORD PA 320 SOUTH THIRD STREET, ROCKFORD, IL 61104 USA SN 0885-8608 J9 NAT AREA J JI Nat. Areas J. PD APR PY 2002 VL 22 IS 2 BP 120 EP 128 PG 9 WC Ecology; Forestry SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 540KW UT WOS:000174929000005 ER PT J AU Gesch, RW Vu, JCV Boote, KJ Allen, LH Bowes, G AF Gesch, RW Vu, JCV Boote, KJ Allen, LH Bowes, G TI Sucrose-phosphate synthase activity in mature rice leaves following changes in growth CO2 is unrelated to sucrose pool size SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE acclimation; carbon dioxide; photosynthesis; rice; sucrose-phosphate synthase ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT; ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; SPINACH LEAVES; PLANTS; ACCUMULATION; LIGHT; TEMPERATURE; METABOLISM AB Photosynthetic acclimation of C3 plants to elevated atmospheric [CO2] is often attributed to soluble carbohydrate accumulation. We report the effects of modifying the carbohydrate source-sink balance on carbohydrate metabolism in mature leaves and partitioning in vegetative tissues of rice (Oryza sativa). Plants were grown under ambient atmospheric [CO2] in outdoor, sunlit, environment-controlled chambers. During late vegetative development treatments were changed to high or low [CO2]. Within 1 d of changing to low [CO2] sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) activation was significantly reduced in mature leaves, while soluble invertase activity decreased. Plants switched to high [CO2] showed increases in SPS substrate-saturated and substrate-limited activities and a decline in invertase activity. The changes in SPS activity did not correlate with leaf sucrose pool size. By 9 d after the change from ambient to high [CO2], nonstructural carbohydrates in stems and leaf sheaths increased significantly; > 70% of this increase was due to sucrose accumulation, indicating that excess assimilate was being rapidly exported to vegetative sinks. Results indicate that immediately following source-sink modification, regulatory adjustments in key enzymes controlling carbohydrate metabolism were linked to feedforward, rather than feedback, processes. C1 USDA ARS, Agron Physiol & Genet Lab, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Gesch, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. OI Boote, Kenneth/0000-0002-1358-5496 NR 34 TC 10 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 154 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00348.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 541EW UT WOS:000174973100010 ER PT J AU Poulton, JL Bryla, D Koide, RT Stephenson, AG AF Poulton, JL Bryla, D Koide, RT Stephenson, AG TI Mycorrhizal infection and high soil phosphorus improve vegetative growth and the female and male functions in tomato SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Lycopersicon esculentum; fitness; fruit set; mycorrhiza; pollen; resource allocation; soil fertility; vegetative growth ID CUCURBITA-PEPO CUCURBITACEAE; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM MILL; MALE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; POLLEN GRAIN-SIZE; ABUTILON-THEOPHRASTI; FLORAL DISPLAY; CULTIVATED PLANTS; PETUNIA-HYBRIDA; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; WILD RADISH AB To further characterize the effects of mycorrhizal infection and soil phosphorus (P) availability on plant fitness, this study examined their effects on the female and male functions, as well as vegetative growth of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Two cultivars of tomato were grown in a glasshouse under three treatment combinations: nonmycorrhizal, low P (NMPO); nonmycorrhizal, high P (NMP3); and mycorrhizal, low P (MPO). Mycorrhizal infection and high soil P conditions improved several vegetative (leaf area, days until first flower and leaf P concentration) and reproductive traits (total flower production, fruit mass, seed number and pollen production per plant, and mean pollen production per flower). in general, mycorrhizal and P responses were greater for reproductive traits than vegetative traits. In one cultivar, these responses were greater for the male function than the female function. Thus, mycorrhizal infection and high soil P conditions enhanced fitness through both the female and male functions. Similar trends were usually observed in the NMP3 and MPO treatments, suggesting that mycorrhizal effects were largely the result of improved P acquisition. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Intercoll Grad Degree Program Ecol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Fresno, CA 93727 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Koide, RT (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Hort, 102 Tyson Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Koide, Roger/I-4033-2012; Koide, Roger/C-6354-2014 OI Koide, Roger/0000-0002-5209-5422 NR 76 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 154 IS 1 BP 255 EP 264 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00366.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 541EW UT WOS:000174973100025 ER PT J AU Brazil, BL Wolters, WR AF Brazil, BL Wolters, WR TI Hatching success and fingerling growth of channel catfish cultured in ozonated hatchery water SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB Egg hatching success and fry and fingerling growth of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were examined to determine if ozonation of hatchery water would facilitate increased stocking densities without sacrificing growth characteristics. Egg masses reared in ozonated water hatched 18-24 h sooner than those in unozonated water. but hatching rates of 60.5 +/- 3.6% and 56.7 +/- 3.9% in ozonated and unozonated waters. respectively, were not significantly different. Sac fry weights. measured 24 h posthatch, were not significantly different (pooled average weight = 0.149 g), However. fingerlings reared for 85 d in ozonated water were significantly heavier than fish reared in unozonated waters, averaging 22.7 +/- 0.4 g and 17.0 +/- 0.4 g, respectively. Feed conversion rates (weight of feed fed divided by weight gained) of 1.06 and 1.15 under ozonated and unozonated conditions, respectively. were significantly different. Survival rates of fish reared in different environments were similar (pooled mean > 92%). Dissolved oxygen levels in ozonated water remained above 85% saturation during and immediately following feeding while oxygen concentrations in unozonated waters routinely fell below 3.5 mg/L (40% of saturation), Water clarity improved and chemical oxygen demand was reduced after ozonation. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Brazil, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aguaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 1522-2055 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD APR PY 2002 VL 64 IS 2 BP 144 EP 149 DI 10.1577/1548-8454(2002)064<0144:HSAFGO>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 541FR UT WOS:000174975000008 ER PT J AU Ribaya-Mercado, JD AF Ribaya-Mercado, JD TI Influence of dietary fat on beta-carotene absorption and bioconversion into vitamin A SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE carotenoids; beta-carotene; retinol; vitamin A; dietary fat ID TOTAL-BODY STORES; INTESTINAL-ABSORPTION; LEAFY VEGETABLES; A CONCENTRATION; SERUM RETINOL; DARK-GREEN; CHILDREN; HUMANS; RAT; ASCARIASIS AB Dietary fat facilitates the utilization of carotenoids and, based on serum P-carotene or retinol responses following ingestion of meals containing carotene and fat sources, it has been reported that the amount of fat required in a meal may be minimal (similar to3-5 g). However, the dietary fat requirement for optimal carotene utilization in humans cannot be fully ascertained without longer-term dose-response studies that measure the changes in vitamin A body stores in response to varying levels of dietary fat. In humans, vitamin A body stores can be determined by use of stable isotope-dilution methods. Animal studies have shown that although the level of dietary fat has no effect on serum vitamin A concentrations of animals fed beta-carotene, higher liver vitamin A concentrations were found in those that ingested higher fat levels. Other factors that might influence the relationship of fat intake and beta-carotene utilization include the type of fat ingested, physicochemical properties of the carotenoid source, amount of carotene ingested, whether fat and beta-carotene sources are provided in the same meal, the presence of helminthic infections, age, and vitamin A status. (C) 2002 International Life Sciences Institute. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ribaya-Mercado, JD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 43 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 8 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD APR PY 2002 VL 60 IS 4 BP 104 EP 110 DI 10.1301/00296640260085831 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 541GC UT WOS:000174976000002 PM 12002680 ER PT J AU Abrams, SA AF Abrams, SA TI Nutritional rickets: An old disease returns SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE rickets; vitamin D; calcium; sunshine ID VITAMIN-D-DEFICIENCY; CALCIUM DEFICIENCY; NIGERIAN CHILDREN; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D CONCENTRATIONS; BLACK-CHILDREN; HUMAN-MILK; SUPPLEMENTATION; AMERICAN; INFANCY; USHUAIA AB Nutritional rickets, an ancient disease that was thought to have been cured in the early part of the 20th century, has made an unexpected comeback in recent years throughout the world. Although the frequency of its occurrence is poorly documented, increasing case reports of rickets are apparently related to low dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium and decreased sunshine exposure. Greater awareness of this problem is needed, as are further data regarding vitamin D status and incidence of rickets among infants and toddlers. Routine provision of supplemental vitamin D to all breastfed infants remains controversial, but may become more widely recommended. (C) 2002 International Life Sciences Institute. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Abrams, SA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Abrams, Steven/0000-0003-4972-9233 NR 49 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD APR PY 2002 VL 60 IS 4 BP 111 EP 115 DI 10.1301/00296640260085840 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 541GC UT WOS:000174976000003 PM 12002681 ER PT J AU Harris, S AF Harris, S TI Can vitamin D supplementation in infancy prevent type 1 diabetes? SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE vitamin D; type 1 diabetes; infants ID CELL-PROLIFERATION; ELDERLY WOMEN; D DEFICIENCY; NOD MICE; CANCER; BONE; EXPOSURE; CALCIUM AB Several recent European studies suggested that supplementing infants with vitamin D during their first year might prevent type 1 diabetes. A dose of 50 mug/day was associated with decreased diabetes risk in Finland, but the effectiveness of lower doses was not examined. The recommended dietary intake of vitamin D for U.S. infants is 5 mug/day and the tolerable upper level is 25 mug/day. There is no evidence that intakes between 5 and 25 mug/day would reduce diabetes incidence, but it would seem prudent to ensure that infants reach at least the lower end of this range. (C) 2002 International Life Sciences Institute. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Harris, S (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD APR PY 2002 VL 60 IS 4 BP 118 EP 121 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 541GC UT WOS:000174976000005 PM 12002683 ER PT J AU Barras, SC Wright, SE AF Barras, SC Wright, SE TI Civil aircraft collisions with birds and other wildlife in Ohio, 1990-1999 SO OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Collisions between wildlife and aircraft (wildlife strikes) cost civil aviation more than $380 million annually in the US and pose a safety risk to flight personnel and passengers. We investigated wildlife strike trends and characteristics of strikes at airports in Ohio, 1990-1999, by analysis of data from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Wildlife Strike Database. Of 903 reported wildlife strikes with civil aircraft in Ohio, 98% were bird strikes and 2% involved mammals (primarily white-tailed deer [Odocoileus virginiana] and coyote [Canis latrans]). Reported wildlife strikes increased (P < 0.01) from 39 in 1990 to 165 in 1999. Species groups most commonly involved in bird strikes were gulls (Larus spp., 135), raptors (Falconiformes and Strigiformes, 55), and waterfowl (Anseriformes, 49). The estimated cost of damage (mean = $85,816/aircraft; total = $3,175,192) was provided for only 37 (29%) of the 126 strike reports that indicated damage occurred. Assuming all damaging strikes had comparable mean damage and 20% of all strikes were reported, the total cost of these strikes may have been as high as $54 million. Airport managers in Ohio and elsewhere should develop wildlife hazard management programs to minimize the risk of wildlife strikes, especially with deer, geese, gulls and other Large species. C1 USDA, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP Barras, SC (reprint author), USDA, 6100 COlumbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 12 PU OHIO ACAD SCIENCE PI COLUMBUS PA 1500 W 3RD AVE SUITE 223, COLUMBUS, OH 43212-2817 USA SN 0030-0950 J9 OHIO J SCI JI Ohio J. Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 102 IS 2 BP 2 EP 7 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 557YE UT WOS:000175936000001 ER PT J AU Rillig, MC Wright, SF Shaw, MR Field, CB AF Rillig, MC Wright, SF Shaw, MR Field, CB TI Artificial climate warming positively affects arbuscular mycorrhizae but decreases soil aggregate water stability in an annual grassland SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ORGANIC-MATTER; RESPONSES; FUNGI; TEMPERATURE; HYPHAE; COLONIZATION; PHOSPHORUS; NITROGEN AB Despite the importance of arbuscular mycorrhizae to the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems (e.g. nutrient uptake, soil aggregation), and the increasing evidence of global warming, responses of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to climate warming are poorly understood. In a field experiment using infrared heaters, we found effects of warming on AMF after one growing season in an annual grassland, in the absence of any effects on measured root parameters (weight, length, average diameter). AMF soil hyphal length was increased by over 40% in the warmed plots, accompanied by a strong trend for AMF root colonization increase. In the following year, root weight was again not significantly changed, and AMF root colonization increased significantly in the warmed plots. Concentration of the soil protein glomalin, a glycoprotein produced by AMF hyphae with importance in soil aggregation, was decreased in the warmed plots. Soil aggregate water stability, measured for five diameter size classes, was also decreased significantly. In the following year, soil aggregate weight in two size classes was decreased significantly, but the effect size was very small. These results indicate that ecosystem warming may have stimulated carbon allocation to AMF. Other factors either influenced glomalin decomposition or production, hence influencing the role of these symbionts in soil aggregation. The observed small changes in soil aggregation, if widespread among terrestrial ecosystems, could have important consequences for soil carbon storage and erosion in a warmed climate, especially if there are cumulative effects of warming. C1 Univ Montana, Microbial Ecol Program, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, SMSL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Rillig, MC (reprint author), Univ Montana, Microbial Ecol Program, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RI Rillig, Matthias/B-3675-2009 OI Rillig, Matthias/0000-0003-3541-7853 NR 43 TC 87 Z9 95 U1 8 U2 114 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD APR PY 2002 VL 97 IS 1 BP 52 EP 58 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.970105.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 559JC UT WOS:000176022200005 ER PT J AU Miliczky, ER Calkins, CO AF Miliczky, ER Calkins, CO TI Spiders (araneae) as potential predators of leafroller larvae and egg masses (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) in central Washington apple and pear orchards SO PAN-PACIFIC ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Arachnida; Araneae; biological control; Cheiracanthium mildei; leafrollers; orchards; predation; spiders ID TREES AB Eleven species of arboreal, hunting spiders. common in central Washington apple and pear orchards, were evaluated as potential predators of the tortricid leafrollers, Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott and Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), pests in Pacific Northwest orchards. All species fed on leafroller larvae established on apple and pear seedlings or branches during small age tests. Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch was the most effective predator in these tests, consuming 65% of larvae. C. mildei was also the most effective predator among six species Used in tests where leafroller larvae were established on small, caged apple trees. Twelve species of arboreal, hunting spiders were tested as predators of C. rosaceana egg masses. C. mildei was the most effective egg mass predator and 35 of 112 individuals consumed part or all of an egg mass. In addition, Oxyopes scalaris Hentz and Cheiracanthium inclusum (Hentz) exhibited some feeding on eggs. C1 USDA ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Miliczky, ER (reprint author), USDA ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 26 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU PACIFIC COAST ENTOMOL SOC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA CALIFORNIA ACAD OF SCIENCES GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118 USA SN 0031-0603 J9 PAN-PAC ENTOMOL JI Pan-Pacific Entomol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 78 IS 2 BP 140 EP 150 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 572KX UT WOS:000176774500010 ER PT J AU O'Connor, PMJ Nguyen, HV Suryawan, A Bush, JA Kimball, SR Davis, TA AF O'Connor, PMJ Nguyen, HV Suryawan, A Bush, JA Kimball, SR Davis, TA TI The regulatory roles of insulin and amino acids in neonatal liver protein synthesis SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 793 BP 136A EP 136A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600794 ER PT J AU Kansagra, K Stoll, B Rognerud, C Guan, XF Ou, CN Harvey, R Niinikoski, H Burrin, D AF Kansagra, K Stoll, B Rognerud, C Guan, XF Ou, CN Harvey, R Niinikoski, H Burrin, D TI Intestinal permeability and inflammation, but not bacterial translocation are increased in TPN versus enterally fed neonatal pigs SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 797 BP 137A EP 137A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714600798 ER PT J AU Griffin, IJ Abrams, SA Hicks, PD Heaney, RP AF Griffin, IJ Abrams, SA Hicks, PD Heaney, RP TI Non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) increases calcium absorption, especially those whose calcium absorption is poorest SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat,Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Creighton Univ, Osteoporosis Res Unit, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 1095 BP 188A EP 188A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714601094 ER PT J AU Lapillonne, A Jensen, CL Fraley, JK Heird, WC AF Lapillonne, A Jensen, CL Fraley, JK Heird, WC TI Effect at linoleic acid (LA) intake on growth, body composition, energy expenditure and plasma phospholipid (PL) fatty acid pattern of term infants SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 4 SU S MA 1098 BP 189A EP 189A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 536RA UT WOS:000174714601097 ER PT J AU Teal, PEA AF Teal, PEA TI Effects of allatotropin and allatostatin on in vitro production of juvenile hormones by the corpora allata of virgin females of the moths of Heliothis virescens and Manduca sexta SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE insect neuropeptides; Lepidoptera; terpene biosynthesis; endocrinology ID EGG MATURATION; PSEUDALETIA-UNIPUNCTA; ARMYWORM MOTHS; ADULT STAGES; IDENTIFICATION; VITELLOGENIN; TITERS; PUPAL AB Retrocerebral complexes (RCs) were isolated from adult females of the moths Heliothis virescens and Manduca sexta. Different homologs of juvenile hormone (JH) produced by the isolated RCs were identified and amounts measured by capillary gas chromatography-chemical ionization (isobutane)-mass spectroscopy. Only JH I, II and III were identified. Incubation of RCs from both species in media containing acetate, but no propionate, induced production of approximately equal amounts of JH II and JH III, but the amount of JH I present was very low in all samples. Incubation of RCs with synthetic Manduca sexta allatotropin stimulated significant increases in production of all three homologs but increases in JH I and JH II were greater than those for JH III. The effect of allatotropin was mimicked by addition of propionate to the medium, which indicated that allatotropin increased supply of acetyl- and propionyl-CoA precursors. Incubation of tissue from H. virescens females during the first 24 It after eclosion with synthetic Manduca sexta allatostatin did not reduce production of JH. However, incubation of tissue from 3-day-old females with allatostatin significantly reduced production of JH. Similarly, incubation of tissue from H. virescens females during the first 24 h after eclosion with both allatotropin and allatostatin did not increase JH over the amount present in extracts from tissue incubated without the neuropeptides, indicating that allatostatin negated the action of allatotropin. Incubation of tissue from H. virescens females with allatostatin plus farnesol or JH III acid resulted in significant production of JH III, but neither JH I nor JH II was detected. These findings indicated that allatostatin acts prior to formation of the sesquiterpene alcohol precursors of JH. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Teal, PEA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD APR PY 2002 VL 23 IS 4 BP 663 EP 669 AR PII S0196-9781(01)00660-X DI 10.1016/S0196-9781(01)00660-X PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 534HH UT WOS:000174578700009 PM 11897385 ER PT J AU Coast, GM Zabrocki, J Nachman, RJ AF Coast, GM Zabrocki, J Nachman, RJ TI Diuretic and myotropic activities of N-terminal truncated analogs of Musca domestica kinin neuropeptide SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article ID COCKROACH LEUCOPHAEA-MADERAE; LEUCOKININ-LIKE PEPTIDE; ACHETA-DOMESTICUS; HOUSE CRICKET; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; MALPIGHIAN TUBULES; FAMILY; IDENTIFICATION; INHIBITORS; MEMBERS AB Musca kinin (Musdo-K NTVVLGKKQRFHSWG-NH(2)) and N-terminal truncated analogs of 4-14 residues in length were assayed for diuretic and myotropic activity on housefly Malpighian tubules and hindgut, respectively. The pentapeptide was the minimum sequence required for biological activity, but it was > 5 orders of magnitude less potent than the intact peptide. The pharmacological profiles of the different analogs in the two assays were very similar, suggesting the same receptor is present on both tissues. Potency was little affected by the deletion of Asn(1), but was reduced > 10-fold after the removal of Thr(2). Deletion of the next 5 residues had relatively little effect, but after the second lysyl residue (Lys(8)) was removed potency fell by one to two orders of magnitude. There was a similar drop in potency after the removal of Arg(10), and at 100 muM the pentapeptide had only 20% of the diuretic activity of the intact peptide. The importance of Arg(10) was confirmed by comparing dose-response curves for Musdo-K [6-15] and Acheta kinin-V (AFSHWG-NH(2)) in the diuretic assay; the substitution of arginine by alanine produced a significant reduction in potency and some loss of activity. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, London WC1E 7HX, England. Tech Univ Lodz, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. USDA, Vet Entom Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Coast, GM (reprint author), Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, London WC1E 7HX, England. EM g.coast@bbk.ac.uk NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD APR PY 2002 VL 23 IS 4 BP 701 EP 708 AR PII S0196-9781(01)00664-7 DI 10.1016/S0196-9781(01)00664-7 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 534HH UT WOS:000174578700013 PM 11897389 ER PT J AU Nachman, RJ Zabrocki, J Olczak, J Williams, HJ Moyna, G Scott, AI Coast, GM AF Nachman, RJ Zabrocki, J Olczak, J Williams, HJ Moyna, G Scott, AI Coast, GM TI cis-peptide bond mimetic tetrazole analogs of the insect kinins identify the active conformation SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article ID NEUROPEPTIDE FAMILY; ACHETA-DOMESTICUS; DIURETIC ACTIVITY; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; HOUSE CRICKET; IDENTIFICATION; MIMICRY AB The insect kinin neuropeptides have been implicated in the regulation of water balance, digestive organ contraction, and energy mobilization in a number of insect species. A previous solution conformation study of an active, restricted-con formation cyclic analog, identified two possible turn conformations as the likely active conformation adopted by the insect kinins at the receptor site. These were a cisPro type VI beta-turn over C-terminal pentapeptide core residues 1-4 and a transPro type I-like beta-turn over core residues 2-5, present in a ratio of 60:40. Synthesis and evaluation of the diuretic activity of insect kinin analogs incorporating a tetrazole moiety, which mimics a cis peptide bond, identifies the active conformation as the former. The discovery of a receptor interaction model can lead to the development of potent agonist and antagonist analogs of the insect kinins. Indeed, in this study a tetrazole analog with D stereochemistry has been shown to demonstrate partial antagonism of the diuretic activity of natural insect kinins, providing a lead for more potent and effective antagonists of this critical neuropeptide family. The future development of mimetic agonists and antagonists of insect kinin neuropeptides will provide important tools to neuroendocrinologists studying the mechanisms by which they operate and to researchers developing new, environmentally friendly pest insect control strategies. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Vet Entomol Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Tech Univ Lodz, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. Univ Sci Philadelphia, Dept Chem & Biochem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Sch Biol Sci, London WC1E 7HX, England. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vet Entomol Res Lab, 2881 F B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM nachman@tamu.edu NR 25 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD APR PY 2002 VL 23 IS 4 BP 709 EP 716 AR PII S0196-9781(01)00651-9 DI 10.1016/S0196-9781(01)00651-9 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 534HH UT WOS:000174578700014 PM 11897390 ER PT J AU Nachman, RJ Strey, A Isaac, E Pryor, N Lopez, JD Deng, JG Coast, GM AF Nachman, RJ Strey, A Isaac, E Pryor, N Lopez, JD Deng, JG Coast, GM TI Enhanced in vivo activity of peptidase-resistant analogs of the insect kinin neuropeptide family SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article ID ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; ACHETA-DOMESTICUS; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITY; DIURETIC ACTIVITY; HOUSE CRICKET; IDENTIFICATION; CONFORMATION; HEMOLYMPH AB The diuretic/myotropic insect kinin neuropeptides, which share the common C-terminal pentapeptide core FX(1)X(2) WG-NH(2), reveal primary (X(2)-W) and secondary (N-terminal to F) sites of susceptibility to peptidases bound to corn earworm. (H. zea) Malpighian tubule tissue. Analogs designed to enhance resistance to tissue-bound peptidases, and pure insect neprilysin and ACE, demonstrate markedly enhanced in vivo activity in a weight gain inhibition assay in H. zea, and strong in vivo diuretic activity in the housefly (M. domestica). The peptidase-resistant insect kinin analog pQK(pQ)FF[Aib]WG-NH(2) demonstrates a longer internal residence time in the housefly than the native muscakinin (MK), and despite a difference of over 4 orders of magnitude in an in vitro Malpighian tubule fluid secretion assay, is equipotent with MK in an in vivo housefly diuretic assay. Aminohexanoic acid (Ahx) is shown to function as a surrogate for N-terminal Lys, while at the same time providing enhanced resistance to aminopeptidase attack. Peptidaese-resistant insect kinin analogs demonstrate enhanced inhibition of weight gain in larvae of the agriculturally destructive corn earworm moth. Potent peptidase resistant analogs of the insect kinins, coupled with an increased understanding of related regulatory factors, offer promise in the development of new, environmentally friendly pest insect control measures. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Vet Entomol Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Univ Leeds, Fac Biol, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. USDA ARS, SPARC, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Organ Chem, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Sch Biol Sci, London WC1E 7HX, England. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vet Entomol Res Lab, 2881 F B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM nachman@tamu.edu NR 32 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD APR PY 2002 VL 23 IS 4 BP 735 EP 745 AR PII S0196-9781(01)00654-4 DI 10.1016/S0196-9781(01)00654-4 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 534HH UT WOS:000174578700017 PM 11897393 ER PT J AU Ujvary, I Nachman, RJ AF Ujvary, I Nachman, RJ TI Synthesis of (S)-3-(1-hydroxy-p-carboran-12-yl)alanine, a novel hydrophobic tyrosine-mimetic for peptides SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE p-carboranes; insect peptides; synthesis; tyrosine analog ID NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY; CARBORANYL AMINO-ACIDS; ASYMMETRIC-SYNTHESIS; ENANTIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS; NEUROPEPTIDE; ANALOGS; CHOLECYSTOKININ; CHEMISTRY; DESIGN; BNCT AB A new, p-carborane containing analog of tyrosine, 3-[1-hydroxy-1,12-dicarba-closo-dodecaboran (12)-12-yl]alanine, was prepared from protected 3-[1-hydroxy-1,12-dicarba-closo-dodecaboran (12)-12-yl]propionic acid in five steps using Oppolzer's sultam methodology for asymmetric hydroxyamination as the key step. The tyrosine mimetic can function as a hydrophobic surrogate for tyrosine residues in insect and mammalian neuropeptides to enhance the lipophilicity, and therefore, the cuticle and/or tissue permeability properties of mimetic analogs. As an amino acid, insertion of the mimic is not limited to the N-terminus but can replace a tyrosine residue at any position within a peptide sequence. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Vet Entomol Res Lab, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Nachman, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vet Entomol Res Lab, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD APR PY 2002 VL 23 IS 4 BP 795 EP 799 AR PII S0196-9781(01)00650-7 DI 10.1016/S0196-9781(01)00650-7 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 534HH UT WOS:000174578700024 PM 11897400 ER PT J AU Teal, PEA Nachman, RJ AF Teal, PEA Nachman, RJ TI A brominated-fluorene insect neuropeptide analog exhibits pyrokinin/PBAN-specific toxicity for adult females of the tobacco budworm moth SO PEPTIDES LA English DT Article DE insect neuropeptides; pyrokinim; PBAN; pheromone production; toxicity ID TOPICAL APPLICATION; PHEROMONOTROPIC ACTIVITY; SUBESOPHAGEAL GANGLION; HELICOVERPA-ZEA; PBAN-LIKE; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; INJECTION AB An analog of the insect pyrokinin/PBAN class of neuropeptides, which features a 2-amino7-bromofluorene attached to the carboxyterminal bioactive core of the insect pyrokinin/PBAN class of neuropeptides (Phe-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2), via a succinnic acid linker, was tested in adult H. virescens moths. This analog was found to induce pheromone production when injected into or applied topically to moths. Topical application of as much as 1 nmol of the analog to moths induced production of significant amounts of pheromone for only 1-2 h, whereas injection of 500 pmol induced pheromone production for up to 20 h. All insects died within 24 h after injection of 500 pmol of the analog. Mortality studies indicated that the LD50 for the analog was 0.7 pmol when injected. A non-pyrokinin/PBAN peptide analog formed by attachment of 2-amino-7-bromofluorene to Ala-Ala-Arg-Ala-Ala-NH2 (via the succinnic acid linker) did not induce mortality when injected at 1 nmol. Similarly no mortality was found when up to 2 nmol of an analog containing a non-brominated fluorene ring, formed by attachment of 9-fluoreneacetic acid to Phe-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2. was injected into moths. The data indicated that both the bromine and active core of the pyrokinin neuropeptides (Phe-Thr-Pro-Arg-Leu-NH2) were critical for a specific toxic action and suggested that the brominated analog poisoned the moths by interacting with pyrokinin receptors. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Vet Entomol Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Teal, PEA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-9781 J9 PEPTIDES JI Peptides PD APR PY 2002 VL 23 IS 4 BP 801 EP 806 AR PII S0196-9781(01)00656-8 DI 10.1016/S0196-9781(01)00656-8 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 534HH UT WOS:000174578700025 PM 11897401 ER PT J AU Sterner, RT Ramey, CA AF Sterner, RT Ramey, CA TI An index technique to monitor broadcast calibration and bait pick up, plus rodent and avian sign under arid conditions SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE index; sign; wildlife abundance; voles; avian hazards; rodenticide; zinc phosphide; bait broadcast; equipment calibration ID ZINC PHOSPHIDE BAITS; VOLES; ALFALFA AB As part of product-performance and wildlife-hazards studies of 2% zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) steam-rolled-oat baits (11.2 kg ha(-1)) to reduce vole populations (Microtus spp) in alfalfa (Medicago sativa), we used randomly located, brushed-dirt plots (eight similar to930-cm(2) plots per 0.2-ha enclosure) to monitor bait-broadcast and -removal patterns, as well as to index vole and avian sign. Research was conducted in 18 x 0.2-ha enclosures containing 2.5-year-old stands of alfalfa; a 2-day pre-bait (placebo baits broadcast in all enclosures) period followed by a 14-day test-bait period (placebo and 2% Zn3P2 baits in nine enclosures each) characterized the bait exposures. Baits were broadcast manually by two certified pesticide applicators (CPAs) using Spyker(R) Model-75 spreaders. Baits that fell onto plots were counted <30 min later to assess the uniformity of bait distribution. The main statistical design was a 2 (placebo or Zn3P2 baits) x 3 (vole-only, vole-pheasant, vole-quail exposures) x 14 (days) factorial, with days considered repeated measurements. In the six vole-only enclosures, baits were removed from the brushed-dirt plots and replaced with four 0% or 2% Zn3P2 baits (one per 232.6-cm(2) quadrant; 32 per enclosure); these 'placed' baits were then monitored daily for removal, while the surfaces of all plots were monitored daily for the presence: absence of animal/bird sign. Key results were: (a) 3.51(+/-2.66) and 3.39(+/-3.52) mean (+/-SD) baits were found on plots after pre-bait and test-bait broadcasts, respectively-less than the predicted 4.52 particles per 930-cm(2) plot; (b) baits 'placed' on plots in placebo-baited enclosures were removed earlier than those in Zn3P2-baited enclosures-data in agreement with observed vole mortality; and (c) species x bait interactions occurred for both the vole- and pheasant-sign counts, but not quail-sign counts-data also indirectly confirming Zn3P2- induced mortality effects on voles and pheasants. This technique has utility for a variety of wildlife biology and chemical registration studies; although limited to and conditions, the technique affords useful indices of broadcast calibration, bait pick-up, as well as target and non-target species mortality. Published in 2002 for SCI by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 WS, USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Sterner, RT (reprint author), WS, USDA, APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM ray.t.sterner@aphis.usda.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1526-498X EI 1526-4998 J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 58 IS 4 BP 385 EP 391 DI 10.1002/ps.468 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 532NC UT WOS:000174480600009 PM 11975187 ER PT J AU Grant, RH Heisler, GM Gao, W AF Grant, RH Heisler, GM Gao, W TI Estimation of pedestrian level UV exposure under trees SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SKY RADIANCE DISTRIBUTIONS; PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY-ACTIVE RADIATION; SHORT WAVELENGTH RADIANCE; ULTRAVIOLET-B RADIATION; NONMELANOMA SKIN-CANCER; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; IRRADIANCE; CLEAR; FOREST; COVER AB Trees influence the amount of solar UV radiation that reaches pedestrians. A three-dimensional model was developed to predict the ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiance fields in open-tree canopies where the spacing between trees is equal to or greater than the width of individual tree crowns. The model predicted the relative irradiance (fraction of above-canopy irradiance) under both sunlit and shaded conditions under clear skies with a mean bias error of less than 0.01 and a root mean square error of 0.07. Both model and measurements showed that the locations people typically perceive as shady, low-irradiance locations in the environment can actually have significant UV-B exposure (40-60% of that under direct sunlight). The relationship of tree cover in residential neighborhoods to erythemal UV-B exposure for children and adults was modeled for the 4 h around noon in June and July. Results showed that human exposures (on the horizontal) in cities located at 15 and 30degrees latitudes are nearly identical. For latitudes between 15 and 60degrees, ultraviolet protection factors (UPF) were less than 2 for less than 50% tree cover. A UPF of 10 was possible at all latitudes for tree cover of 90%. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, USDA, Forest Serv,NE Res Stn,Moon Lib 5, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. Colorado State Univ, USDA, UVB Monitoring Program, Nat Resources & Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Grant, RH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, 1150 Lilly Hall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 39 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 75 IS 4 BP 369 EP 376 DI 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)075<0369:EOPLUE>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 542HY UT WOS:000175038500007 PM 12003126 ER PT J AU Bruckart, WL Eskandari, F AF Bruckart, WL Eskandari, F TI Factors affecting germination of Puccinia jaceae var. solstitialis teliospores from yellow starthistle SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carthamus tinctorius; Centaurea solstitialis; Uredinales ID CANADA THISTLE; RUST; PUNCTIFORMIS; STIMULATION; SAFFLOWER; INFECTION; CARTHAMI; SPORES AB The rust fungus Puccinia jaceae var. solstitialis is a candidate for biological control of yellow starthistle (YST). Part of the risk assessment includes determining if safflower seedlings are susceptible to infection by teliospores of P. jaceae. A protocol for germination of P. jaceae teliospores is needed to verify that teliospores used in comparative studies are viable. The protocol developed from this research has two steps: first, priming teliospores on water agar at 4degreesC in the dark, and second, incubating them at warmer temperatures for I week in the presence of an exogenous stimulator. Priming longer than 4 weeks resulted in significantly greater germination than priming for shorter periods. Sources of effective stimulator included seeds and seedlings of YST or safflower. The greatest germination occurred during incubation at 18degreesC in the dark. Teliospore germination was reduced after incubation with a 12- or 14-h photoperiod. A low percentage (<20%) of teliospores of two isolates germinated after 44 and 96 weeks of dry storage at room temperature; samples of each isolate tested after that did not germinate. Data indicate teliospores of several isolates of P. jaceae are viable, and the protocol will be used to prepare teliospores of P. jaceae for comparative studies with P carthami on safflower seedlings. C1 USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Bruckart, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2002 VL 92 IS 4 BP 355 EP 360 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.4.355 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 533LF UT WOS:000174530800003 PM 18942948 ER PT J AU Gottwald, TR Sun, X Riley, T Graham, JH Ferrandino, F Taylor, EL AF Gottwald, TR Sun, X Riley, T Graham, JH Ferrandino, F Taylor, EL TI Geo-referenced spatiotemporal analysis of the urban citrus canker epidemic in Florida SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE disease eradication; dooryard citrus; exposed trees; regulatory policy ID ARGENTINA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; NURSERIES; SPREAD; GROVES; ROT AB Five areas in urban Miami were identified to study the spread of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri to determine if the practice of removing exposed citrus trees within 38.1 m of trees affected by citrus canker was adequate to curtail further bacterial spread. To accomplish this, 18,769 trees in dooryards were surveyed, geo-referenced by differential global positioning systems (GPS), and assayed for disease severity, age of infection, citrus cultivar, location of infection in tree, and canopy size. For each tree, the date the tree became infected was estimated and used to separate trees into contiguous 30-day categories. For each area studied, distance measurements between focal trees and newly infected trees were calculated for various temporal periods of 30, 60, 90, and 120 days in duration, corresponding to intervals of inspection survey. A visual basic application was used to calculate the distances between each newly diseased tree and all prior focal trees, The nearest distance was used because it was considered the most conservative estimate possible. It is therefore likely to be an underestimate of spread but is a good estimate of the minimum possible distances of spread. For the first four 30-day periods among the five study areas, calculated maximum distances of spread ranged from 12 to 3,474 m, indicating a broad continuum of distance for bacterial spread was possible. Disease increased during the first two-thirds of the time studied and reached an asymptote due to dry conditions in the final one-third of the duration of the study. Cross correlation analysis indicated that disease was best visualized 107 days following rainstorms with wind. Analysis of regional spatial point patterns was performed temporally for each 30-day period via a modified Ripley's K-function. Spatiotemporal analyses between periods over areas larger than previously examined were accomplished via spatiotemporal semivariogram analysis. These methods in combination demonstrated rapid increases in range of spatial dependency and range of spatiotemporal dependency for all study sites. This corresponded to rapid spread of disease across the regions studied in response to rainstorms with wind followed by a "filling in" of disease on remaining noninfected susceptible trees through time by less intense rain events. A stochastic quadratization technique demonstrated that disease incidence and disease severity were not greatly affected by urban host density but were positively correlated to host susceptibility within local 0.25-km(2) quadrats. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Citrus Eradicat Program, Ft Pierce, FL USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL USA. Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol & Ecol, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. RP Gottwald, TR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RI Graham, James/B-7049-2008 NR 32 TC 57 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD APR PY 2002 VL 92 IS 4 BP 361 EP 377 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.4.361 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 533LF UT WOS:000174530800004 PM 18942949 ER PT J AU Siefritz, F Tyree, MT Lovisolo, C Schubert, A Kaldenhoff, R AF Siefritz, F Tyree, MT Lovisolo, C Schubert, A Kaldenhoff, R TI PIP1 plasma membrane aquaporins in tobacco: From cellular effects to function in plants SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; NICOTIANA-TABACUM; WATER PERMEATION; MECHANISM; TRANSPORT; NTAQP1 AB The molecular functions of several aquaporins are well characterized (e.g., by analysis of aquaporin-expressing Xenopus oocytes). However, their significance in the physiology of water transport in multicellular organisms remains uncertain. The tobacco plasma membrane aquaporin NtAQP1 was used to elucidate this issue. By comparing antisense plants that were inhibited in NtAQP1 expression with control plants, we found evidence for NtAQP1 function in cellular and whole-plant water relations. The consequences of a decrease in cellular water permeability were determined by measurement of transpiration rate and stem and leaf water potential as well as growth experiments under extreme soil water depletion. Plants impaired in NtAQP1 expression showed reduced root hydraulic conductivity and lower water stress resistance. In conclusion, our results emphasize the importance of symplastic aquaporin-mediated water transport in whole-plant water relations. C1 Univ Wurzburg, Dept Plant Physiol & Biophys, D-97082 Wurzburg, Germany. USDA, Forest Serv, Aiken Forestry Sci Lab, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Univ Turin, Dept Arboriculture & Pomol, I-10095 Grugliasco, Italy. Italian Natl Res Council, Grapevine Breeding & Biol Ctr, I-10095 Grugliasco, Italy. RP Kaldenhoff, R (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Dept Plant Physiol & Biophys, D-97082 Wurzburg, Germany. RI Lovisolo, Claudio/A-6610-2010 OI Lovisolo, Claudio/0000-0001-8825-2904 NR 19 TC 209 Z9 240 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD APR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 4 BP 869 EP 876 DI 10.1105/tpc.000901 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 547UG UT WOS:000175350100011 PM 11971141 ER PT J AU Maherali, H Reid, CD Polley, HW Johnson, HB Jackson, RB AF Maherali, H Reid, CD Polley, HW Johnson, HB Jackson, RB TI Stomatal acclimation over a subambient to elevated CO2 gradient in a C-3/C-4 grassland SO PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE grassland ecosystems; stomata; stomatal limitation of photosynthesis; subambient CO2; water use efficiency ID DOUBLED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; CO2-ENRICHED ATMOSPHERE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GAS-EXCHANGE; C-3 ANNUALS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RESPONSES AB An investigation to determine whether stomatal acclimation to [CO2] occurred in C-3/C-4 grassland plants grown across a range of [CO2] (200-550 mumol mol(-1)) in the field was carried out. Acclimation was assessed by measuring the response of stomatal conductance (g(s)) to a range of intercellular CO2 (a g(s) C-i curve) at each growth [CO2] in the third and fourth growing seasons of the treatment. The gs C-i response curves for Solanum dimidiatum (C-3 perennial forb) differed significantly across [CO2] treatments, suggesting that stomatal acclimation had occurred. Evidence of non-linear stomatal acclimation to [CO2] in this species was also found as maximum g(s) (g(smax); g(s) measured at the lowest C-i) increased with decreasing growth [CO2] only below 400 mumol mol(-1). The substantial increase in g(s) at subambient [CO2] for S dimidiatum was weakly correlated with the maximum velocity of carboxylation (V-emax; r(2) = 0.27) and was not associated with CO2 saturated photosynthesis (A(max)). The response of g(s) to C-i did not vary with growth [CO2] in Bromus japonicus (C-3 annual grass) or Bothriochloa ischaemum (C-4 perennial grass), suggesting that stomatal acclimation had not occurred in these species. Stomatal density, which increased with rising [CO2] in both C-3 species, was not correlated with g,. Larger stomatal size at subambient [CO2], however, may be associated with stomatal acclimation in S. dimidiatum. Incorporating stomatal acclimation into modelling studies could improve the ability to predict changes in ecosystem water fluxes and water availability with rising CO2 and to understand their magnitudes relative to the past. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Maherali, H (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 58 TC 59 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7791 J9 PLANT CELL ENVIRON JI Plant Cell Environ. PD APR PY 2002 VL 25 IS 4 BP 557 EP 566 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00832.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 541MQ UT WOS:000174988700010 ER PT J AU Holmes, GJ Stange, RR AF Holmes, GJ Stange, RR TI Influence of wound type and storage duration on susceptibility of sweetpotatoes to Rhizopus soft rot SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Susceptibility of stored sweetpotato roots (cvs. Beauregard and Hernandez) to Rhizopus soft rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer was tested at 4- to 6-week intervals over a storage period of 335 days in 1998-1999 (year 1) and 1999-2000 (year 2). In each experiment, roots were wounded by four methods (puncture, bruise, broken, and scrape), inoculated with freshly harvested spores from 4- to 10-day-old cultures, and compared with a nonwounded but inoculated control for their susceptibility to decay. Roots were totally resistant to infection after harvest for 60 days in year 1 and 30 days in year 2. The bruise wound type was most commonly associated with infection, with disease incidence peaking 100 and 175 days after harvest in years 1 and 2, respectively. Inoculation by the puncture method followed a similar pattern in Hernandez but was ineffective in Beauregard. Following the peak in disease incidence at 100 or 175 days, susceptibility of roots declined to levels comparable to that of freshly harvested roots. This period of heightened susceptibility was longer in Hernandez than in Beauregard, The effects of injury types broken and scrape were more variable and did not show the same trend in both years. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Holmes, GJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2002 VL 86 IS 4 BP 345 EP 348 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.4.345 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 532MM UT WOS:000174479100003 ER PT J AU Hughes, G Gottwald, TR Yamamura, K AF Hughes, G Gottwald, TR Yamamura, K TI Survey methods for assessment of Citrus tristeza virus incidence in urban citrus populations SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE hypergeometric distribution; inspection errors; operating characteristic AB This article concerns survey methodology for pathogens in urban citrus populations, motivated in particular by the need for assessments of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) incidence. We envisage a large area R not devoted primarily to the commercial cultivation of citrus, that nevertheless has a substantial population of citrus trees. It is desired to sample the citrus population of area R in order to be able to make a statement about the level of infection of the population with CTV, or with particular isolates thereof. We describe a two-stage acceptance sampling scheme in which area R is divided into N sampling units, of which n are inspected. The size of the sampling units, while much smaller than R, is still large, so subsampling is carried out, introducing the possibility of misclassification of sampling units. To account for misclassification of sampling units, a larger number must be inspected than if it were assumed that there were no misclassifications. We describe the calculation of sample sizes required for subsampling within sampling units and for the total number of sampling units to be inspected, using parameters that can be adjusted to meet different specified regulatory scenarios. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Inst Ecol & Resource Management, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, Midlothian, Scotland. US Hort Res Lab, USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Natl Inst Agroenvironm Sci, Lab Populat Ecol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058604, Japan. RP Hughes, G (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Inst Ecol & Resource Management, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, Midlothian, Scotland. EM ghughes@srv0.bio.ed.ac.uk NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2002 VL 86 IS 4 BP 367 EP 372 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.4.367 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 532MM UT WOS:000174479100007 ER PT J AU Marini, DB Zhang, YP Rowhani, A Uyemoto, JK AF Marini, DB Zhang, YP Rowhani, A Uyemoto, JK TI Etiology and host range of a Closterovirus associated with plum bark necrosis-stem pitting disease SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS AB Diseased plum (Prunus salicina) cv. Black Beaut trees developed stem gumming, severe bark necrosis, and stem pitting symptoms on the woody cylinder of the main trunk and scaffold branches. The sucker shoots of the peach (Prunus persica) cv. Nemaguard understocks exhibited oak-leaf patterns, but lacked the wood or bark markings. Other susceptible hosts included almond (Prunus dulcis), sweet (Prunus avium) and Japanese flowering (Prunus serrulata) cherries, and several plum (Prunus salicina) and prune (Prunus domestica) varieties. A purified preparation containing high molecular size dsRNAs was obtained initially from diseased cherry (P. avium x Prunus pseudocerasus) cv. Colt tissues. Healthy preparations were devoid of similar sized dsRNAs. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays with degenerate oligonucleotide Closterovirus primers, designed from the HSP70 gene, were used to amplify two DNA fragments of 0.67 and 0.56 kbp. The larger cDNA product was cloned, sequenced (AF195501), and compared with other viral sequences. Depending on the number of nucleotides used in the comparisons, identities ranged from 77% for Grapevine leafroll associated virus to 3 to 44% for Little cherry virus-1. Specific primers from the 0.67 kbp cDNA sequence were designed and used in subsequent RT-PCR assays. The associated 0.67 kbp HSP70 amplicon of Plum bark necrosis-stem pitting associated virus was detected in all graft-inoculated Prunus species and varieties except prune (P. domestica var, French Improved). C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Uyemoto, JK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2002 VL 86 IS 4 BP 415 EP 417 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.4.415 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 532MM UT WOS:000174479100015 ER PT J AU Cardwell, KF Cotty, PJ AF Cardwell, KF Cotty, PJ TI Distribution of Aspergillus section flavi among field soils from the four agroecological zones of the Republic of Benin, West Africa SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID AFLATOXIN PRODUCTION; STRAIN COMPOSITION; UNITED-STATES; MAIZE; COTTON; CONTAMINATION; COMMUNITIES; INFECTION AB Certain members of Aspergillus section Flavi produce carcinogenic and immunotoxic metabolites called aflatoxins. These fungi perennate in soils and infect maize grain in the field and in storage. The distribution of Aspergillus section Flavi across the four different agroecologies of Benin Republic was determined. The four agroecological zones range from humid equatorial tropics in the south to the dry savanna near the Sahara desert in the north. Soil samples collected in 1994 to 1996 from 44 different maize fields in Benin were assayed over 3 years (88 samples total) for fungi in Aspergillus section Flavi. All soils tested contained A. flavus. Isolates (1,454 total) were collected by dilution plate from the soils and existed in populations ranging from <10 to >200 CFU/g of soil. CFU counts did not differ from year to year or change significantly with cropping systems within a zone, but differed significantly among zones. Incidence of A. flavus strain isolations varied from south to north, with greater number of CFU of L strain isolates in southern latitudes and higher numbers of CFU of S strain isolates found in the north. The L strain isolates occurred in 81 of 88 samples, whereas S strain isolates were in only 41 of 88 soil samples. Of 96 L strain isolates tested, 44% produced aflatoxins. Only B toxins were produced, and toxigenic isolates averaged over 100 mug of aflatoxin B-1 per 70 ml of fermentation medium (similar to1.4 ppm). All S strain isolates produced both B and G aflatoxins, averaging over 557 mug of aflatoxin B, per 70 ml (8 ppm) and 197 mug of aflatoxin G, per 70 ml of fermentation medium (2.8 ppm). A. parasiticus and A. tamarii were present in less than 10% of the fields and were not associated with any particular agroecological zone. C1 Int Inst Trop Agr, Cotonou, Benin. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Cardwell, KF (reprint author), Int Inst Trop Agr, BP 08-0932, Cotonou, Benin. NR 32 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD APR PY 2002 VL 86 IS 4 BP 434 EP 439 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.4.434 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 532MM UT WOS:000174479100020 ER PT J AU Fatmi, M Schaad, NW AF Fatmi, M Schaad, NW TI Survival of Clavibacter michiganensis ssp michiganensis in infected tomato stems under natural field conditions in California, Ohio and Morocco SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Clavibacter michiganensis ssp michiganensis; survival; tomato debris ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; SUBSP MICHIGANENSIS; RESISTANCE; SOIL AB The survival and half-life of Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis (C. michiganensis), the causal agent of bacterial canker of tomato, were determined in infected plant debris under natural field conditions in California, Ohio and Morocco using a semiselective agar medium. The organism survived significantly longer in tomato stems left on the soil surface than in steins buried in the soil at all locations studied. The pathogen was recovered in high amounts from tomato stems left on the soil surface for 314 days in Ohio and California, USA, and for 194 and 132 days in Melk Zhar and Ait Melloul, Morocco, respectively; it was recovered from stems buried in the soil for up to 314 days in Ohio, up to 240 days in California, and up to 60 days in Aft Melloul and Melk Zhar. The half-life of the pathogen in stems left on the soil surface ranged from 23.2 to 24.8 days in the USA, and from 7.8 to 12.3 days in Morocco, whereas the half-life in buried stems ranged from 14.0 to 16.7 days in the USA and from 3.7 to 9.5 days in Morocco. Based on the half-life data, the predicted survival times of C. michiganensis in stems on the soil surface in Ohio, California, Melk Zhar and Air Melloul would be up to 822, 770, 424 and 261 days, respectively, while the predicted survival times in stems buried in the soil would be 541, 497, 305 and 128 days, respectively. These results show that the survival and half-life of C. michiganensis in plant debris are relatively long and are influenced by both tissue exposure and geographic location. C1 ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. Inst Agron & Vet Hassan II, Agadir, Morocco. RP Fatmi, M (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 27 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 51 IS 2 BP 149 EP 154 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3059.2002.00675.x PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 545GQ UT WOS:000175209200005 ER PT J AU Seo, BS Kim, S Scott, MP Singletary, GW Wong, KS James, MG Myers, AM AF Seo, BS Kim, S Scott, MP Singletary, GW Wong, KS James, MG Myers, AM TI Functional interactions between heterologously expressed starch-branching enzymes of maize and the glycogen Synthases of brewer's yeast SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDEPENDENT GENETIC-CONTROL; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DEBRANCHED AMYLOPECTIN; MULTIPLE FORMS; ZEA-MAYS; ENDOSPERM; MUTANTS; IDENTIFICATION; BIOGENESIS AB Starch-branching enzymes (SBEs) catalyze the formation of alpha(1-->6) glycoside bonds in glucan polymers, thus, affecting the structure of amylopectin and starch granules. Two distinct classes of SBE are generally conserved in higher plants, although the specific role(s) of each isoform in determination of starch structure is not clearly understood. This study used a heterologous in vivo system to isolate the function of each of the three known SBE isoforms of maize (Zea mays) away from the other plant enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis. The ascomycete Brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was employed as the host species. All possible combinations of maize SBEs were expressed in the absence of the endogenous glucan-branching enzyme. Each maize SBE was functional in yeast cells, although SBEI had a significant effect only if SBEIIa and SBEIIb also were present. SBEI by itself did not support glucan accumulation, whereas SBEIIa and SBEIIb both functioned along with the native glycogen synthases (GSs) to produce significant quantities of a-glucan polymers. SBEIIa was phenotypically dominant to SBEIIb in terms of glucan structure. The specific branching enzyme present had a significant effect on the molecular weight of the product. From these data we suggest that SBEs and GSs work in a cyclically interdependent fashion, such that SBE action is needed for optimal GS activity; and GS, in turn, influences the further effects of SBE. Also, SBEIIa and SBEIIb appear to act before SBEI during polymer assembly in this heterologous system. C1 USDA ARS, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. RP Myers, AM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dept Biochem Biophys & Mol Biol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Scott, M./E-3291-2010 NR 35 TC 24 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 128 IS 4 BP 1189 EP 1199 DI 10.1104/pp.010756 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 545GY UT WOS:000175209900006 PM 11950968 ER PT J AU Cheng, NH Pittman, JK Shigaki, T Hirschi, KD AF Cheng, NH Pittman, JK Shigaki, T Hirschi, KD TI Characterization of CAX4, an Arabidopsis H+/cation antiporter SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERMINAL AUTOINHIBITORY DOMAIN; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; CA2+/H+ ANTIPORT; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; TONOPLAST VESICLES; H+/CA2+ ANTIPORTER; VACUOLAR MEMBRANE; SALT TOLERANCE; CALCIUM-PUMP AB Ion compartmentalization is essential for plant growth and development. The Arabidopsis open reading frames for CAM, CAX2, and CAX3 (cation exchangers 1, 2, and 3) were previously identified as transporters that may modulate ion fluxes across the vacuolar membrane. To understand the diversity and role of H+/cation transporters in controlling plant ion levels, another homolog of the CAX genes, CAX4, was cloned from an Arabidopsis cDNA library. CAX4 is 53% identical to CAX1 at the amino acid level, 42% identical to CAX2, and 54% identical to CAX3. CAX4 transcripts appeared to be expressed at low levels in all tissues and levels of CAX4 RNA increased after Mn2+, Na+, and Ni2+ treatment. An N-terminal CAX4-hemagglutinin fusion appeared to localize to both yeast and plant vacuolar membranes. When expressed in yeast, CAX4, like CAX3, failed to suppress the Ca2+ sensitivity of yeast strains deficient in vacuolar Ca2+ transport. Several modifications to CAX4 allowed the protein to transport Ca2+. Addition of amino acids to the N terminus of CAX4 and CAX3 caused both transporters to suppress the sensitivity of yeast strains deficient in vacuolar Ca2+ transport. These findings suggest that CAX transporters may modulate their ion transport properties through alterations at the N terminus. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Physiol Grp, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hirschi, KD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Physiol Grp, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Pittman, Jon/0000-0001-7197-1494 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [1R01 GM 57427] NR 45 TC 57 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 128 IS 4 BP 1245 EP 1254 DI 10.1104/pp.010857 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 545GY UT WOS:000175209900011 PM 11950973 ER PT J AU Rapparini, F Tam, YY Cohen, JD Slovin, JP AF Rapparini, F Tam, YY Cohen, JD Slovin, JP TI Indole-3-acetic acid metabolism in Lemna gibba undergoes dynamic changes in response to growth temperature SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID L-TRYPTOPHAN; BIOSYNTHESIS; ARABIDOPSIS; TURNOVER; SEEDLINGS; KERNELS; ROOTS AB Auxin is the mobile signal controlling the rate of growth and specific aspects of the development of plants. It has been known for over a century that auxins act as the messenger linking plant development to specific environmental changes. An often overlooked aspect of how this is accomplished is the effect of the environment on metabolism of the major plant auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). We have studied the metabolism of IAA in relation to one environmental variable, growth temperature. The model system used was an inbred line of the aquatic monocot Lemna gibba G-3, 3F7-11 grown at temperatures ranging from 5 degreesC to 35 degreesC. IAA levels, the rate of IAA turnover, and the patterns of label incorporation from IAA precursors were measured using stable isotope-mass spectrometric techniques and were evaluated relative to growth at the experimental temperatures. IAA levels exhibited unusually high variability in plants grown at 15 degreesC and 20 degreesC. Turnover rates were quite rapid throughout the range of experimental temperatures except at 25 degreesC, where IAA turnover was notably slower. These results suggest that a transition occurred over these temperatures for some aspect of IAA metabolism. Analysis of [N-15]anthranilate and [H-2(5)]tryptophan (Trp) incorporation into IAA showed that Trp-dependent biosynthesis predominated at 15 C; however, Trp-independent biosynthesis of IAA was the major route to IAA at 30 degreesC. The effects of growth temperature on auxin levels have been reported previously, but no prior studies correlated these effects with which pathway becomes the primary one for IAA production. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. CNR, Ist Ecofisiol Piante Arboree da Frutto, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Slovin, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Cohen, Jerry/0000-0003-2816-8676 NR 30 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 128 IS 4 BP 1410 EP 1416 DI 10.1104/pp.011005 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 545GY UT WOS:000175209900027 PM 11950989 ER PT J AU Horvath, DP Chao, WS Anderson, JV AF Horvath, DP Chao, WS Anderson, JV TI Molecular analysis of signals controlling dormancy and growth in underground adventitious buds of leafy spurge SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-CYCLE REGULATION; PEA AXILLARY BUDS; ABSCISIC-ACID; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE-EXPRESSION; GIBBERELLIN; INHIBITION; PROTEIN; PLANTS; DECAPITATION AB Dormancy and subsequent regrowth of adventitious buds is a critical physiological process for many perennial plants. We have used the expression of hormone and cell cycle-responsive genes as markers to follow this process in leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula). In conjunction with earlier studies, we show that loss of mature leaves results in decreased sugar levels and increased gibberellin perception in underground adventitious buds. Gibberellin is sufficient for induction of S phase-specific but not M phase-specific gene expression. Loss of both apical and axillary buds or inhibition of polar auxin transport did not result in induction of S phase- or M phase-specific gene expression. Loss of polar auxin transport was necessary for continuation of the cell cycle and further bud development if the S phase was previously initiated. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Horvath, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, POB 5674, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. OI Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767; Horvath, David/0000-0002-8458-7691 NR 34 TC 45 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 128 IS 4 BP 1439 EP 1446 DI 10.1104 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 545GY UT WOS:000175209900030 PM 11950992 ER PT J AU Bhatnagar, P Minocha, R Minocha, SC AF Bhatnagar, P Minocha, R Minocha, SC TI Genetic manipulation of the metabolism of polyamines in poplar cells. The regulation of putrescine catabolism SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ORNITHINE-DECARBOXYLASE CDNA; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID; DIAMINE OXIDASE ACTIVITY; ARGININE DECARBOXYLASE; CELLULAR POLYAMINES; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; IN-VITRO; EXPRESSION; PROLINE; GROWTH AB We investigated the catabolism of putrescine (Put) in a non-transgenic (NT) and a transgenic cell line of poplar (Populus nigra X maximowiczii) expressing a mouse (Miss musculus) ornithine (Orn) decarboxylase (odc) cDNA. The transgenic cells produce 3- to 4-fold higher amounts of rut than the NT cells. The rate of loss of Put from the cells and the initial half-life of cellular Put were determined by feeding the cells with [U-(14)C]Orn and [1,4-(14)C]Put as precursors and following the loss of [(14)C]Put in the cells at various times after transfer to label-free medium. The amount of Put converted into spermidine as well as the loss of Put per gram fresh weight were significantly higher in the transgenic cells than the NT cells. The initial half-life of exogenously supplied [(14)C]Put was not significantly different in the two cell lines. The activity of diamine oxidase, the major enzyme involved in Put catabolism, was comparable in the two cell lines even though the Put content of the transgenic cells was severalfold higher than the NT cells. It is concluded that in poplar cells: (a) exogenously supplied Orn enters the cells and is rapidly converted into Put, (b) the rate of Put catabolism is proportional to the rate of its biosynthesis, and (c) the increased Put degradation occurs without significant changes in the activity of diamine oxidase. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Plant Biol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Expt Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Minocha, SC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Plant Biol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM sminocha@christa.unh.edu NR 54 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 128 IS 4 BP 1455 EP 1469 DI 10.1104/pp.010792 PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 545GY UT WOS:000175209900032 PM 11950994 ER PT J AU Nakata, PA McConn, MM AF Nakata, PA McConn, MM TI Sequential subtractive approach facilitates identification of differentially expressed genes SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE calcium oxalate; Medicago truncatula; subtractive hybridization; suppression subtractive hybridization ID OXALATE CRYSTAL-FORMATION; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CALCIUM-OXALATE; MESSENGER-RNA; CLONING; CDNA; HYBRIDIZATION; ARRAYS; SUPPRESSION; PROFILES AB In order to identify the genes expressed during calcium oxalate crystal formation, we devised a sequential subtractive protocol that allows for efficient isolation of rare differentially expressed transcripts. This new protocol combines the beneficial elements of suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), subtractive hybridization (SH), and differential screening into a single method. The protocol was designed to increase retention of rare transcripts, efficiently remove unwanted transcripts, have the capacity to analyze numerous transcripts simultaneously, and reduce the number of false positives. The potential for this method was demonstrated through the identification of several transcripts that were differentially expressed in two calcium oxalate defective (cod) Medicago truncatula mutants: cod 4 (which has abundant crystal accumulation) and cod 5 (which lacks crystal accumulation). Transcripts were isolated that showed higher steady-state levels in cod 4 than cod 5. The observed differences in transcript levels appeared to occur via two different mechanisms. In most cases, the higher transcript levels were a result of an increase in the amount of transcript present in cod 4. In one instance, however, the higher steady-state transcript level resulted from a decrease in the amount of transcript present in cod 5 rather than an increase in cod 4. The protocol described is well suited for the identification of rare transcripts from complex transcript pools (C) 2002 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Nakata, PA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD APR PY 2002 VL 40 IS 4 BP 307 EP 312 AR PII S0981-9428(02)01380-3 DI 10.1016/S0981-9428(02)01380-3 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 549TJ UT WOS:000175462600005 ER PT J AU Ding, CK Wang, CY Gross, KC Smith, DL AF Ding, CK Wang, CY Gross, KC Smith, DL TI Jasmonate and salicylate induce the expression of pathogenesis-related-protein genes and increase resistance to chilling injury in tomato fruit SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE catalase; chilling injury; Lycopersicon; methyl jasmonate; methyl salicylate; pathogenesis-related protein ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; METHYL JASMONATE; CLADOSPORIUM-FULVUM; PLANT CHITINASES; FUNGAL GROWTH; ACID; BIOSYNTHESIS; RESPIRATION; GRAPEFRUIT AB Treatment of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Beefstake) fruit with low concentrations of (0.01 mM) methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or methyl salicylate (MoSA) substantially enhanced their resistance to chilling temperature and decreased the incidence of decay during low-temperature storage. While studying the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes, different accumulation patterns of PR-protein mRNAs in tomato fruit were observed. MeJA substantially increased the accumulation of PR-2b transcripts encoding intracellular beta-1,3-glucanase and enhanced the mRNA levels of PR-2a and PR-3b encoding extracellular beta-1,3-glucanase and intracellular chitinase, respectively. MeSA substantially increased accumulation of PR-2b and PR-3a mRNAs and slightly increased PR-3b mRNA accumulation. Chilling temperature did not appreciably enhance the accumulation of PR-protein mRNAs in untreated fruit. however, the accumulation of PR-3b mRNAs in MeSA-treated fruit was enhanced following low-temperature storage. Transcript abundance of catalase genes also was investigated in different pretreated tomatoes. The accumulation of cat1 mRNA was increased substantially by MeJA, while it was reduced by MeSA treatment. These results suggest that the pre-treatment of tomato fruit with MeSA or MeJA induces the synthesis of some stress proteins, such as PR proteins, which leads to increased chilling tolerance and resistance to pathogens, thereby decreasing the incidence of decay. C1 USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wang, CY (reprint author), USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wangc@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 179 Z9 213 U1 3 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 EI 1432-2048 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD APR PY 2002 VL 214 IS 6 BP 895 EP 901 DI 10.1007/s00425-001-0698-9 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 547AH UT WOS:000175309400010 PM 11941466 ER PT J AU Moraes, RM Bedir, E Barrett, H Burandt, C Canel, C Khan, IA AF Moraes, RM Bedir, E Barrett, H Burandt, C Canel, C Khan, IA TI Evaluation of Podophyllum peltatum accessions for podophyllotoxin production SO PLANTA MEDICA LA English DT Article DE podophyllotoxin; Podophyllum; Berberidaceae; etoposide; teniposide; aryltetralin lignans; peltatins ID ARYLTETRALIN LIGNANS; ETOPOSIDE; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB In an effort to develop a sustainable source of podophyllotoxin for the production of anticancer drugs such as etoposide, teniposide and etopophos, Podophyllum peltatum accessions with podophyllotoxin-rich leaf biomass were identified and transplanted to different growing conditions by vegetative cuttings. Results indicate that the lignan profile in leaves does not change over time or due to environment conditions. Podophyllotoxin and alpha-peltatin content in the blades seems to be stable with an inverse relationship of concentration between these compounds. A podophyllotoxin-rich leaf accession showed low biosynthetic capability to synthesize alpha- and beta-peltatin and the converse was also true, indicating that selection and cultivation of high-yielding podophyllotoxin leaf biomass may reduce production costs. C1 Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, NCNPR, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, NPURU, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Moraes, RM (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, NCNPR, Pharmaceut Sci Res Inst, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0032-0943 J9 PLANTA MED JI Planta Med. PD APR PY 2002 VL 68 IS 4 BP 341 EP 344 DI 10.1055/s-2002-26740 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Medicinal; Integrative & Complementary Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Integrative & Complementary Medicine GA 551VP UT WOS:000175583400011 PM 11988859 ER PT J AU Butts, CL Williams, EJ Sanders, TH AF Butts, CL Williams, EJ Sanders, TH TI Algorithms for automated temperature controls to cure peanuts SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE peanut; curing; drying; controls; milling quality AB The introduction of affordable control networks for peanut dryers has made it possible to easily vary the curing temperature based on ambient air conditions. Previous research has used ambient temperature, relative humidity, and humidity ratio as possible control parameters. Peanuts from the same field were cured using four 0.11 m(3) dryers to a moisture content of approximately 0.11 kg kg(-1). Four different algorithms, one for each dryer, were used to calculate the desired plenum temperature based on ambient conditions. They were: (1) conventional control (CC); (2) drying rate control (DRC1); (3) modified drying rate control (DRC2); and (4) relative humidity control (RHC). Peanuts cured significantly faster (0.42 kg h(-1)) using DRC2 compared to peanuts cured using DRC1 (0.23 kg h(-1)) RHC (0.29 kg h(-1)), and CC (0.35 kg h(-1)). Curing with DRC2 was not significantly faster than with CC (0.60% h(-1)). No significant differences in milling quality, as indicated by percent splits, percent bald kernels, and shelled stock value, were found due to drying treatments. The percent split kernels averaged 9.8% over all temperature control methods and ranged from 8.7 to 10.2%. Shelled stock value ranged from 959.89 to 978.74 US$ t(-1). Peroxide values and free fatty acids were acceptable for all curing treatments and were not significantly different. Seed germination ranged from 83 to 87%, but was not significantly different. Flavor ratings determined by a flavor panel on a scale from 1 to 8, with 6 being acceptable and 8 being the best, were all greater than 7.1. Historical weather data from Dawson, GA indicated that DRC2 would result in a higher plenum temperature. These tests indicated that maximum recommended drying rates may be too conservative for efficient operation of commercial operations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. Univ Georgia, Tifton, GA USA. USDA ARS, Market Qual & Handling Res, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Butts, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 24 IS 3 BP 309 EP 316 AR PII S0925-5214(01)00156-9 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(01)00156-9 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 542JA UT WOS:000175038700009 ER PT J AU Ding, CK Chachin, K Ueda, Y Imahori, Y Wang, CY AF Ding, CK Chachin, K Ueda, Y Imahori, Y Wang, CY TI Modified atmosphere packaging maintains postharvest quality of loquat fruit SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.; loquat; modified atmosphere packaging; polyethylene bag; quality ID COLOR AB The effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the storage life of loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl. cv. Mogi) were investigated. Fruit in MAP had minimal water loss (0.9-1.5%), while perforated polyethylene (PE) packaged fruit had 8.9% water loss after storage for 60 days at 5 degreesC. MAP significantly retained loquat organic acid levels, although total sugars were not significantly affected. Lower gas permeance MAP increased fruit physiological disorders, including internal browning (or core-browning). Storage temperature was very important for loquat fruit in MAP conditions. Fruit stored at high temperature (20 degreesC) sustained severe decay, and MAP increased the incidence of decay. Bagging loquats with 20 mum thickness PE at 5 degreesC resulted in an in-bag atmosphere of approximately 4 kPa O-2 with 5 kPa CO2, and in the highest scores for appearance and chemical compounds. Loquat fruit packaged under these atmosphere conditions could be stored for 2 months at 5 degreesC with a higher quality and minimal risk of disorder development. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Osaka Prefecture Univ, Coll Agr, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan. USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Ding, CK (reprint author), Osaka Prefecture Univ, Coll Agr, Gakuen Cho, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan. EM dingc@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 13 TC 62 Z9 78 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 EI 1873-2356 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 24 IS 3 BP 341 EP 348 AR PII S0925-5214(01)00148-X DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(01)00148-X PG 8 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 542JA UT WOS:000175038700013 ER PT J AU Huff, WE Huff, GR Rath, NC Balog, JM Xie, H Moore, PA Donoghue, AA AF Huff, WE Huff, GR Rath, NC Balog, JM Xie, H Moore, PA Donoghue, AA TI Prevention of Escherichia coli respiratory infection in broiler chickens with bacteriophage (SPR02) SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bacteriophage; Escherichia coli; chicken ID SUPPURATIVE BACTERIAL-INFECTIONS; CALVES; DIARRHEA; MICE AB Bacteriophages are viruses that can infect and kill bacteria. Three studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of bacteriophage to prevent an Escherichia coli respiratory infection in broiler chickens. In the first study 3-d-old-birds were challenged with an air sac inoculation of 10(3) cfu of E. coli per mL mixed with either 10(3) or 10(6) pfu of bacteriophage, or 10(4) cfu E. coli mixed with 10(4) or 10(8) pfu of bacteriophage. In the second study, drinking water of birds to 1 wk of age was treated with 10(3) or 10(4) pfu of bacteriophage per mL and birds were air sac challenged with 10(3) cfu of E. coli, or water was treated with 10(4) or 10(6) pfu of bacteriophage per milliliter and birds were challenged with 10(4) cfu of E. coli. In the third study, birds were air sac challenged at 1 wk of age with 10(3) cfu of E. coli and given 10(5) or 10(6) pfu Of bacteriophage per mL of water from 1 d of age to 2 wk of age. In Studies 1 and 2, there were two replicate pens per treatment with 10 birds per pen, and in Study 3, there were four replicate pens per treatment with 10 birds per pen. The studies were all concluded when the birds were 3 wk of age. In Study 1, BW was decreased at 1 and 2 wk of age in the birds that were challenged with 10(3) or 10(4) cfu of E. coli and was decreased at 2 wk of age in the birds challenged with 10(4) cfu of E. coli mixed with 10(4) pfu of the bacteriophage. Mortality was decreased from 80% in the birds challenged with 10(3) cfu of E. coli to 25 and 5% when mixed with 10(3) or 10(6) pfu of the bacteriophage, respectively. Mortality was decreased from 85% in birds challenged with 10(4) cfu of E. coli to 35% when mixed with 10(4) pfu of the bacteriophage, and no mortality occurred when mixed with 10(8) pfu of bacteriophage. There was essentially no protection observed in Studies 2 and 3 when the birds were challenged with 10(3) or 10(4) cfu of E. coli with bacteriophage present in their drinking water at any level. These data suggest that bacteriophage can protect birds from a respiratory challenge with E. coli, but that adding the bacteriophage to the drinking water offered no protection to the birds. The complete protection of the birds observed in Study 1 suggests that bacteriophage may possibly be developed as an alternative to antibiotic use in poultry. C1 Univ Arkansas, Poultry Sci Ctr, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, USDA,Agr Res Serv, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Huff, WE (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Poultry Sci Ctr, Poultry Prod & Prod Safety Res Unit, USDA,Agr Res Serv, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 21 TC 50 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 81 IS 4 BP 437 EP 441 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 542CT UT WOS:000175026500001 PM 11998827 ER PT J AU Brown, JW Pena, J Vazquez, T Baixeras, J AF Brown, JW Pena, J Vazquez, T Baixeras, J TI Description of a new tortricid pest (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae : Olethreutinae) of litchi (Litchi chinensis) in Florida, with a review of tortricid pests of litchi worldwide SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Crocidosema; Litchi chinensis; pest species; new record; species introduction; Caribbean AB The adult, larva, and pupa of Crocidosema litchivora Baixeras, new species, are described and illustrated; details of the life history are presented. Since 1993, an increase in the abundance of C litchivora in southern Florida has resulted in significant damage to commercially grown litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonnerat; Sapindaceae). The larvae feed on the inflorescences and buds of the host plant, significantly reducing crop yield. Owing to the absence of records of C litchivora prior to 1992, it is likely that this Neotropical species is a relatively recent arrival in southern Florida. A list of tortricid pests of litchi worldwide is presented. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,Agr Res Serv,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Brown, JW (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,Agr Res Serv,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RI Baixeras, Joaquin/L-1734-2014 OI Baixeras, Joaquin/0000-0002-6092-0496 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2002 VL 104 IS 2 BP 318 EP 329 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 543EE UT WOS:000175087800005 ER PT J AU Norrbom, AL AF Norrbom, AL TI A revision of the Anastrepha serpentina species group (Diptera : Tephritedae) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha; serpentina; striata; ornata; bistrigata; Tephritidae; fruit flies; taxonomy; phylogeny; identification; distribution; host plants ID BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS; TEPHRITIDAE AB The Anastrepha serpentina species group is revised, with a key, descriptions, illustrations, and phylogeny provided for the 11 species recognized: A. anomala Stone, anomoiae, n. sp., bistrigata Bezzi, normalis, n. sp., ocresia (Walker), ornata Aldrich, pseudanomala, n. sp., pulchella, n. sp., pulchra Stone, serpentina (Wiedemann), and striata Schiner. Lectotypes are designated for Anastrepha bistrigata Bezzi, Dacus serpentinus Wiedemann, Urophora vittithorax Macquart, and Dictya cancellaria Fabricius. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Norrbom, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, BARC W, Bldg 005,Rm 137,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 71 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2002 VL 104 IS 2 BP 390 EP 436 PG 47 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 543EE UT WOS:000175087800013 ER PT J AU Smith, DR Shinohara, A AF Smith, DR Shinohara, A TI The stem-boring sawfly genus Cephus Latreille (Hymenoptera : Cephidae) in Japan SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article DE stem-borers; Cephidae; Cephus; Japan AB Two species of Cephus occur in Japan, C. hyalinatus Konow from Hokkaido and C. brachycercus Thomson, newly recorded from Japan, from Honshu. Clarification of past records of Cephus in Japan are presented. A key, descriptions, and illustrations of the abdomen are given for both species. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,Agr Res Serv,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI,Agr Res Serv,USDA, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2002 VL 104 IS 2 BP 479 EP 484 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 543EE UT WOS:000175087800018 ER PT J AU Jacob, F Olioso, A Weiss, M Baret, F Hautecoeur, O AF Jacob, F Olioso, A Weiss, M Baret, F Hautecoeur, O TI Mapping short-wave albedo of agricultural surfaces using airborne PolDER data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE short-wave albedo; airborne PolDer data; kernel-driven BRDF models; narrow-band to broad-bind conversion; validation ID REMOTE-SENSING DATA; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; SOLAR SPECTRUM; SATELLITE DATA; BRDF MODELS; EOS-MODIS; RETRIEVAL; LAND; SIMULATION; INVERSION AB This study focuses on albedo mapping over agricultural surfaces using multidirectional and multispectral remote sensing data. These data were acquired using the airborne PolDER sensor during the Remote Sensing Data Assimilation (ReSeDA) experiment, The data set allowed to perform a validation over the growth cycles of several crops. Problems induced by mixed pixels were reduced since the ground spatial resolution was 20 m. First, linear kernel-driven bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) models were used to retrieve the BRDF and then to compute the hemispherical reflectance in the PolDER channels. We tested the four most classical models: Li-Ross, MRPV, Roujean. and Walthall. They presented similar interpolation performances, whereas the quality of the hemispherical reflectance estimates was also driven by the extrapolation performances. Second, the albedo was computed as a linear combination of the waveband hemispherical reflectances. We used several sets of coefficients proposed in the literature for different sensors. The validation of the albedo maps against field measurements showed that it was possible to achieve a relative accuracy about 9% when using an appropriate coefficient set. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, BARC W, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. INRA, Climat Sol Environm, Avignon, France. UPS, CNRS, CNES, CESBio, Toulouse, France. RP Jacob, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC W, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM fjacob@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Jacob, Frederic/A-5946-2011; Baret, Fred/C-4135-2011; OI Jacob, Frederic/0000-0002-2491-3096; Baret, Fred/0000-0002-7655-8997; Olioso, Albert/0000-0001-8342-9272; Weiss, Marie/0000-0002-2341-667X NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR PY 2002 VL 80 IS 1 BP 36 EP 46 AR PII S0034-4257(01)00265-6 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00265-6 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 534HN UT WOS:000174579200003 ER PT J AU King, TJ Dobrinsky, JR Zhu, J Finlayson, HA Bosma, W Harkness, L Ritchie, WA Travers, A McCorquodale, C Day, BN Dinnyes, A De Sousa, PA Wilmut, I AF King, TJ Dobrinsky, JR Zhu, J Finlayson, HA Bosma, W Harkness, L Ritchie, WA Travers, A McCorquodale, C Day, BN Dinnyes, A De Sousa, PA Wilmut, I TI Embryo development and establishment of pregnancy after embryo transfer in pigs: coping with limitations in the availability of viable embryos SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article ID PORCINE EMBRYOS; IN-VITRO; NUCLEAR TRANSFER; ZONA PELLUCIDA; CLONED PIGS; OOCYTES; VIVO; TRANSPLANTATION; SURVIVAL; SHEEP AB Embryo transfer and pregnancy maintenance strategies in pigs were evaluated with reference to situations in which limited numbers of viable embryos or micromanipulated embryos are available, such as pig cloning. Development of embryos with compromised zona pellucida was compared with development of embryos with intact zona pellucida. Micromanipulation had no effect on blastocyst production rates after development in vivo or in vitro, but development in vivo improved the number of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage. Transfer of embryos with compromised zona pellucida resulted in live piglets. Several hormone treatments to maintain pregnancy were tested in a model in which three embryos were transferred into unmated recipient gilts, compared with transfer of three embryos into mated recipients. None of the hormonal treatments resulted in pregnancy rates of more than 25% at term and no more than 9% of transferred embryos survived, in comparison with 50% of the mated recipients successfully carrying 25% of transferred embryos. Lastly, the developmental potential of parthenogenetic embryos was assessed and 62% of transferred embryos resulted in pregnancies, none of which continued beyond day 55 of gestation. After co-transfer of three fertilized embryos with 55-60 parthenogenetic embryos into each of six recipients, two live piglets were delivered. The results from the present study indicate that transfer of zona pellucida compromised embryos can yield litters of normal piglets. In addition, it was demonstrated in a model system involving the transfer of three fertilized embryos into mature gilts that hormonal pregnancy maintenance strategies support a low proportion of embryos to term. Lastly, the present study shows for the first time a comparably effective but novel alternative for pregnancy maintenance in the pig involving the co-transfer of parthenote embryos. C1 Roslin Inst, Dept Gene Express & Dev, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Missouri, Coll Agr, Anim Sci Ctr, Anim Sci Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Wilmut, I (reprint author), Roslin Inst, Dept Gene Express & Dev, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. RI De Sousa, Paul/H-7416-2013; Harkness, Linda/A-5654-2017 OI De Sousa, Paul/0000-0003-0745-2504; Harkness, Linda/0000-0002-1648-9301 NR 40 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOC REPRODUCTION FERTILITY PI CAMBRIDGE PA 22 NEWMARKET RD, CAMBRIDGE CB5 8DT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PD APR PY 2002 VL 123 IS 4 BP 507 EP 515 DI 10.1530/rep.0.1230507 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 541JR UT WOS:000174981900004 PM 11914113 ER PT J AU Joseph, SW Ingram, DT Kaper, JB AF Joseph, SW Ingram, DT Kaper, JB TI The epidemiology, pathogenicity and microbiology of foodborne Escherichia coli O157 : H7 SO REVIEWS IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli; virotypes; EHEC; O157 : H7; foodborne; gastroenteritis ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; SHIGA TOXIN; CYTO-TOXIN; OUTBREAK; INFECTIONS; DIARRHEA; FOOD; AGAR; BEEF AB Escherichia coli are generally considered to be members of the common, indigenous microbiota of the human and other animal intestinal tracts. In fact, they are generally beneficial in several ways. Several virotypes (particular virulent strains) within the species that have the capacity for causing gastrointestinal disease in humans were discovered within the last 50 years. The virotypes have been studied particularly for their epidemiology and the mechanisms by which they are able to cause disease. The virotypes of E. coli described in this review are enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic, enteroaggregative, enteroinvasive, diffusely-adherent, and enterohemorrhagic (EHEC). Many of the virotypes are responsible for causing widespread outbreaks of diarrheal disease, most of which are self-limiting. The exceptions are the EHEC that are featured in this review. EHEC produce shiga-like toxins and are capable of causing hemorrhagic enterocolitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome, a potentially fatal disease. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. ARS, Anim Waste & Pathogen Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Joseph, SW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mol Genet & Cell Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. OI Kaper, James/0000-0003-0715-2907 NR 71 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0954-139X J9 REV MED MICROBIOL JI Rev. Med. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 13 IS 2 BP 53 EP 62 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 568EJ UT WOS:000176529200002 ER PT J AU Hope, BK Baker, AR Edel, ED Hogue, AT Schlosser, WD Whiting, R McDowell, RM Morales, RA AF Hope, BK Baker, AR Edel, ED Hogue, AT Schlosser, WD Whiting, R McDowell, RM Morales, RA TI An overview of the Salmonella Enteritidis risk assessment for shell eggs and egg products SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE microbial risk assessment; Salmonella; shell eggs; human health; probabilistic assessment ID UNITED-STATES; FOODBORNE DISEASE; INFECTIONS; TYPHIMURIUM; OUTBREAKS; GROWTH; HENS AB This article summarizes a quantitative microbial risk assessment designed to characterize the public health impact of consumption of shell eggs and egg products contaminated with Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). This risk assessment's objectives were to: (1) establish the baseline risk of foodborne illness from SE, (2) identify and evaluate potential risk mitigation strategies, and (3) identify data gaps related to future research efforts. The risk assessment model has five modules. The Egg Production module estimates the number of eggs produced that are SE-contaminated. Shell Egg Processing, Egg Products Processing, and Preparation & Consumption modules estimate the increase or decrease in the numbers of SE organisms in eggs or egg products as they pass through storage, transportation, processing, and preparation. A Public Health Outcomes module then calculates the incidence of illnesses and four clinical outcomes, as well as the cases of reactive arthritis associated with SE infection following consumption. The baseline model estimates an average production of 2.3 million SE-contaminated shell eggs/year of the estimated 69 billion produced annually and predicts an average of 661,633, human illnesses per year from consumption of these eggs. The model estimates approximate to 94% of these cases recover without medical care, 5% visit a physician, an additional 0.5% are hospitalized, and 0.05% result in death. The contribution of SE from commercially pasteurized egg products was estimated to be negligible. Five mitigation scenarios were selected for comparison of their individual and combined effects on the number of human illnesses. Results suggest that mitigation in only one segment of the farm-to-table continuum will be less effective than several applied in different segments. Key data gaps and areas for future research include the epidemiology of SE on farms, the bacteriology of SE in eggs, human behavior in food handling and preparation, and human responses to SE exposure. C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, College Stn, TX USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Riverdale, MD USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Hope, BK (reprint author), Oregon Dept Environm Qual, 1030 SE 54th Ave, Portland, OR USA. NR 31 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD APR PY 2002 VL 22 IS 2 BP 203 EP 218 DI 10.1111/0272-4332.00023 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 552PU UT WOS:000175629400003 PM 12022671 ER PT J AU Kuhl, JC Havey, MJ Hanneman, RE AF Kuhl, JC Havey, MJ Hanneman, RE TI A genetic study of unilateral incompatibility between diploid (1EBN) Mexican species Solanum pinnatisectum and S-cardiophyllum subsp cardiophyllum SO SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE S-locus; self incompatibility; Solanum; unilateral incompatibility ID SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY; LYCOPERSICON-PERUVIANUM; POLLEN; LOCUS; CHROMOSOME-1; INCONGRUITY; ESCULENTUM; EXPRESSION; PENNELLII; REJECTION AB Many angiosperms have developed mechanisms to prevent self pollination and inbreeding. The most widespread system of self incompatibility is gametophytic, in which pollen tube growth is inhibited in the style by the action of a single locus (S-locus). Similar inhibition of pollen tube growth can also be observed in interspecific crosses, where successful pollinations occur in only one direction, termed unilateral incompatibility. We observed unilateral incompatibility in crosses between Solanum pinnatisectum and S. cardiophyllum, and viable interspecific hybrid seed was generated only when S. pinnatisectum was the pistillate parent. Segregations in the backcross to S. cardiophyllum revealed two independently segregating putative loci controlling interspecific crossability. Both putative loci were inherited independently of the S-locus. Segregation ratios in the backcross to the S. pinnatisectum parent did not agree with those observed in the backcross to the S. cardiophyllum parent. These reciprocal backcross families revealed that unilateral incompatibility is not conditioned by a single locus, and is inherited independently of the S-locus. Segregation disparity between the two backcross families may be due to distorted transfer of specific alleles or the presence of different mechanisms controlling pistil and pollen recognition systems in the two species. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hanneman, RE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0934-0882 J9 SEX PLANT REPROD JI Sex. Plant Reprod. PD APR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 6 BP 305 EP 313 DI 10.1007/s00497-001-0123-3 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology SC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology GA 550FK UT WOS:000175492800001 ER PT J AU Yang, M McCormick, S AF Yang, M McCormick, S TI The Arabidopsis MEI1 gene likely encodes a protein with BRCT domains SO SEXUAL PLANT REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE meiosis; DNA repair; chromosome fragmentation; BRCT domain; Arabidopsis ID MALE MEIOSIS AB It was previously proposed that the Arabidopsis MEI1 gene encodes a small protein with some similarity to an acrosin-trypsin inhibitor of humans [He and Mascarenhas (1998) Sex Plant Reprod 11:199-207]. Here we show that the complement strand of the MEI1 gene region encodes a predicted protein that fits better with the chromosome fragmentation phenotype of the mei1 mutant. By aligning their partial cDNA sequence with the two sources of genomic sequence available for the region, we deduced a predicted protein that contains three BRCT domains. Proteins with BRCT domains are involved in DNA repair, recombination, and cell cycle checkpoint control. This newly proposed annotation for MEI1 suggests that it might regulate the repair of DNA double-strand breaks during male meiotic recombination, which is consistent with the chromosome fragmentation defect found in early diplotene in the mei1 mutant. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McCormick, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM sheilamc@nature.berkeley.edu RI Yang, Ming/H-7361-2012; OI McCormick, Sheila/0000-0001-9106-9385 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0934-0882 J9 SEX PLANT REPROD JI Sex. Plant Reprod. PD APR PY 2002 VL 14 IS 6 BP 355 EP 357 DI 10.1007/s00497-002-0129-5 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology SC Plant Sciences; Reproductive Biology GA 550FK UT WOS:000175492800007 ER PT J AU Wang, GA Anderson, DH Jakes, PJ AF Wang, GA Anderson, DH Jakes, PJ TI Heritage management in the U.S. Forest Service: A Mount Hood National Forest case study SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Review DE ecosystem management; heritage management; U. S. Forest Service; Warm Springs Indians AB Simultaneous to the advent of ecosystem management in the United States, heritage management has occurred. Heritage resources are broadly defined as those resources that describe the past. Within the U. S. Forest Service, heritage management includes using knowledge and skills from diverse cultures in resource decision making. A case study from the Mount Hood National Forest in Oregon is presented. The case study illustrates an integration of ecosystem management and heritage management, especially in regard to American Indians. Four fundamental principles of ecosystem management to guide the heritage management process are using an ecological perspective, forming partnerships, promoting grass-roots participation, and using scientific knowledge. C1 Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, St Paul, MN USA. RP Wang, GA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, 208 Ferguson Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD APR PY 2002 VL 15 IS 4 BP 359 EP 369 DI 10.1080/089419202753570837 PG 11 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 535TJ UT WOS:000174662200005 ER PT J AU Corre, MD Schnabel, RR Stout, WL AF Corre, MD Schnabel, RR Stout, WL TI Spatial and seasonal variation of gross nitrogen transformations and microbial biomass in a Northeastern US grassland SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE gross nitrogen mineralization; gross nitrification; microbial immobilization; microbial biomass; spatio-seasonal variation ID INORGANIC NITROGEN; DIRECT EXTRACTION; N-MINERALIZATION; LANDSCAPE-SCALE; SOIL; DENITRIFICATION; NITRATE; NITRIFICATION; FERTILIZER; PASTURE AB Understanding how N-cycling processes in unmanaged grassland vary spatially and seasonally would aid the development of management strategies which capitalize on the behavior of its N cycle, in order to manage N losses when such system is altered. Our objectives were: (1) to quantify gross rates of internal N-cycling processes (i.e. mineralization, nitrification, and immobilization) from an unmanaged grassland, and (2) to investigate the role of topography and climatic factors on the spatial and seasonal variation of these processes. We delineated our study site into three topographic units based on soil and drainage types: upper, lower, and drained lower slopes. The dynamics of NH4+ in the internal N cycle was influenced by the spatial and seasonal variation of soil microbial biomass, in which the spatial variation resulted from long-term topographic influence and the seasonal variation from seasonal flushes of available organic matter. The drained lower slope had the highest microbial biomass (647 mg C kg(-1) and 90 mg N kg(-1)), gross N mineralization (8 mg N kg(-1) d(-1)), NH4+ immobilization (6 mg N kg(-1) d(-1)), and fastest NH4+ turnover (0.5 d), indicating that the drainage favored microbial growth and activity. The seasonal pattern of NH4+ transformations and microbial biomass showed that the increases in microbial N (in fall and late spring towards summer) were paralleled by high NH4+ immobilization and a decrease in the microbial C-N ratio. Spatial variation of NO3- transformations showed the effect of topography through water redistribution; higher gross nitrification was observed in the upper (1.7 mg N kg(-1) d(-1)) than lower slopes (1.1 mg N kg(-1) d(-1)), with drainage also favoring gross nitrification (1.4 mg N kg(-1) d-1) through improved soil aeration. The seasonal pattern of gross nitrification was related to soil moisture (r = -0.79, P less than or equal to 0.01) and temperature (r = 0.55, P less than or equal to 0.05). Gross nitrification accounted 32% of the NH4+ produced. NO3- immobilization was about 50% of NH4+ immobilization. NO3- immobilization was highest when microbial immobilization was most favorable and available NH4+ was insufficient to meet microbial demand. NO3- was rapidly produced and consumed (0.7 d average turnover time), and hence its usually small pool size in unmanaged grassland cannot be used as basis to dismiss its importance in the internal N cycle. Our study supported the concept of considering both the spatial and seasonal variation of soil biochemical processes in refining nutrient management strategies in an ecosystem. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Lab, USDA, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Corre, MD (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Soil Sci & Forest Nutr, Busgenweg 2, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. NR 45 TC 88 Z9 100 U1 6 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD APR PY 2002 VL 34 IS 4 BP 445 EP 457 AR PII S0038-0171(01)00198-5 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00198-5 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 549NH UT WOS:000175450000003 ER PT J AU Mimmo, T Reeves, JB McCarty, GW Galletti, G AF Mimmo, T Reeves, JB McCarty, GW Galletti, G TI Determination of biological measures by mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in soils within a landscape SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mid-infrared; DRIFTS; soils; enzymes; carbon; nitrogen ID AGRICULTURAL SOILS; TOTAL NITROGEN; CARBON AB The objective of this work was to determine the effects of sample diversity on mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopic calibrations for biological measures in soils. A total of 136 soil samples representing a landscape within a small watershed were taken from a 20-ha field. The samples were obtained in a grid pattern from the first 10 centimeters. Soil samples were analyzed by mid-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and by conventional methods for total C and N, biomass C and N, acid and alkaline phosphatase, and arylsulfatase. Dried and ground samples, non-KBr diluted, were scanned from 4000 to 400 cm(-1) (4 cm(-1) resolution, 64 coadded scans) on a DigiLab FTS-60 Fourier transform spectrometer using a custom made sample transport that allowed a sample area of 50 by 2-mm to be scanned. Results using partial least squares regression showed that diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy was capable of determining, to some degree, compositional parameters (total C and N) and biological activity as reflected by three enzymes. Based on calibration errors relative to the mean analyte values, the results for the measures of biological activity were as good as those found in previous studies using a less diverse (mineralogically) set of samples, although calibrations for biomass C and N were not feasible. In general, the results using mid-infrared spectra were also more accurate than those found using near-infrared spectra for the same samples. C1 Univ Bologna, Dept Chem, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. USDA ARS, ANRI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Reeves, JB (reprint author), Univ Bologna, Dept Chem, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. OI Mimmo, Tanja/0000-0002-2375-8370 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 4 BP 281 EP 287 DI 10.1097/00010694-200204000-00005 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 546JE UT WOS:000175270300005 ER PT J AU Shaw, JN Carter, EA AF Shaw, JN Carter, EA TI Timber harvesting effects on spatial variability of southeastern US Piedmont soil properties SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE geostatistics; Piedmont; timber harvesting; ultisols; soil survey ID NORTH-CAROLINA PIEDMONT; MINERALOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; FOREST SOILS; COMPACTION; TRANSFORMATIONS; ROCKS AB Site-specific forestry requires detailed characterization of the spatial distribution of forest soil properties and the magnitude of harvesting impacts in order to prescribe appropriate management schemes. Furthermore, evaluation of the effects of timber harvesting on soil properties conducted on a landscape scale improves the interpretive value of soil survey data. Questions exist regarding the extent and spatial distribution of the effects of timber harvesting on eroded soils of the Alabama Piedmont. We evaluated the impacts of clear-cut harvesting on the temporal and spatial variability of bulk density (rho(b)), soil strength, and water content (theta(g)) at three sites in the Alabama Piedmont where timber was predominantly mature plantation stands of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Pre-harvest spatial variability of texture, surface horizon thickness, and soil organic carbon (SOC) within single soil mapping delineations was also evaluated. Soils were moderately to severely eroded and classified in fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic and Rhodic Kanhapludult and Kanhapludult families. Although significant increases (P < 0.05) in rho(b) were observed after timber harvesting for some of the trafficking class-depth interval combinations at all sites, the largest increases were observed at the moderately eroded site. Harvesting timber increased soil strength by 25.1% on the moderately eroded site, with increases occurring to a 40-cm depth in skid trails. Results suggested the degree of harvesting impacts were erosion phase dependent, with greater impacts on moderately versus severely eroded soils. Geostatistical analyses indicated that pre-harvest % clay and surface thickness were more highly spatially correlated than pre-harvest SOC, which may be related to erosion processes. Analyses also suggested harvesting slightly increased the overall spatial variablity of rho(b), soil strength, and theta(g). These results suggest that the establishment of site-specific forest tillage zones to ameliorate compaction may be impractical to implement because of the increases in spatial variability of these properties. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Shaw, JN (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, 202 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 167 IS 4 BP 288 EP 302 DI 10.1097/00010694-200204000-00006 PG 15 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 546JE UT WOS:000175270300006 ER PT J AU Baumhardt, RL Jones, OR AF Baumhardt, RL Jones, OR TI Residue management and paratillage effects on some soil properties and rain infiltration SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE no-tillage; stubble mulch tillage; infiltration; penetration resistance; crop rotation ID WATER INFILTRATION; GRAIN-SORGHUM; TILLAGE; DRYLAND; WHEAT; SYSTEMS AB Dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] are often grown on the semiarid North American Great Plains using the wheat-sorghum-fallow (WSF) crop rotation. When used with WSF, no-tillage (NT) and stubblemulch tillage (SM) residue management reduce evaporation and increase yield, but more runoff occurs with NT compared to SM. Our objectives were to determine the effects of NT and SM residue management with paratill (PT) and sweep (ST) tillage on soil properties and rain infiltration into a Pullman clay loam (US soil taxonomy: fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll). Six contour-farmed level-terraced watersheds were dryland cropped using a WSF rotation with each phase of the WSF appearing all years as main plots. Residue management by tillage subplots of: (i) NT with PT, (ii) NT with NOPT, (iii) NT with ST, (iv) SM with PT, and (v) SM with NOPT were installed within these main plots after sorghum harvest. Approximately, 9 months later during the wheat phase (before planting), we measured selected soil characteristics and the infiltration rate and amount using a rotating disk rain simulator that applied cistern stored rainwater at 48 mm h(-1) on the five tillage-residue management treatments. Cumulative infiltration at I h was similar among tillage treatments within residue management practices, i.e., infiltration into SM plots averaged 32.4 +/- 3.9 mm compared to 21.9 +/- 2.5 mm for NT plots. Regardless of residue management, PT and ST tillage caused no significant (P < 0.05) increase in infiltration compared to NOPT. Measured cone-penetrometer resistance, bulk density, and initial soil-water content decreased with ST and PT for NT residue management but not SM residue management. The data show that SM residue management compacted the soil beneath, the sweep implements; thus, negating any benefits of reduced soil bulk density and penetration resistance with PT. We conclude that reductions in soil density and penetration resistance due to PT were diminished by SM tillage and that infiltration was regulated at the soil surface by a rapidly forming crust, which negated PT effects on SM or NT. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, USDA, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Res & Extens Ctr, Texas Agr Extens Serv, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. RP Baumhardt, RL (reprint author), ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, USDA, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD APR PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 AR PII S0167-1987(01)00273-2 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(01)00273-2 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 531GY UT WOS:000174408700002 ER PT J AU Guraya, HS James, C AF Guraya, HS James, C TI Deagglomeration of rice starch-protein aggregates by high-pressure homogenization SO STARCH-STARKE LA English DT Article DE rice starch; rice protein; wet milling; high pressure AB Starch-protein agglomerates of rice are physically disrupted in presence of water by use of a high pressure homogenizer called microfluidizer(R) followed by density based separation. Rice flour slurry at concentrations of 22, 32 and 36 0% was passed twice through the microfluidizer to determine optimum concentration and recycling conditions. It was determined that 32 %. slurry and two passes were optimum but the optimum pressure was 10.0 x 10(4) kPa for non-waxy rice flour and 6.2 x 10(4) kPa for waxy flour. These conditions yielded low-protein starch with starch damage of 5.3%, 99.9% particles with size less than 10 mum, starch recovery of 72%. and 2.7% protein in starch for non-waxy starch. The same parameters were 6.1%,99.0%,76% and 3.3% for waxy starch. The peak, minimum, breakdown, final and setback viscosity was 237,8, 115.2, 122.6, 145.1, 29.9 and 68.2 RVU for low-protein waxy rice starch and 223.4, 140.2, 83.2, 258.6 and 118.4 RVU for non-waxy low-protein rice starch, respectively, The pasting temperature was 68.7 degreesC for waxy and 81.33 degreesC for non-waxy low-protein rice starch. The solubility of protein increased with increasing concentration and number of passes, however, it decreased with increasing number of passes for waxy rice protein. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Guraya, HS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 11 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0038-9056 J9 STARCH-STARKE JI Starch-Starke PD APR PY 2002 VL 54 IS 3-4 BP 108 EP + DI 10.1002/1521-379X(200204)54:3/4<108::AID-STAR108>3.0.CO;2-2 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 545TL UT WOS:000175233600003 ER PT J AU Hodgson, CJ Miller, DR AF Hodgson, CJ Miller, DR TI A new genus and two new species of felt scales (Hemiptera : Coccoidea : Eriococcidae) from Chile, with comments on zoogeographical affinities between the eriococcid faunas of southern South America and New Zealand SO SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HOMOPTERA; ERIOCHITON; INSECT AB A new eriococcid genus (Chilechiton Hodgson & Miller) and the adult female, second-instar female and First-instar nymphs of two new species of Eriococcidae (Chilechiton lynnae on Nothofagus and Icelococcus lithreae on Lithraea) are described. Chilechiton is closely related to the New Zealand genus Eriochiton Maskell in tribe Eriochitonini, previously considered to be restricted to New Zealand. A phylogenetic analysis was undertaken to investigate the relationships of the Chilean and New Zealand eriococcid genera included in the study, the systematic boundaries of Eriochitonini and the relationship of Coccidae to Eriochitonini. The study suggests that the Chilean eriococcid fauna is closely related to that in New Zealand, Eriochitonini should be enlarged to include C. lynnae, genus Eriococcus is polyphyletic, Eriococcidae is monophyletic, and Coccidae and Eriococcidae are not closely related. C1 Natl Museum Wales, Dept Biodivers & Biol Systemat, Cardiff CF5 3NP, S Glam, Wales. ARS, Systemat Entomol Lab, PSI, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Hodgson, CJ (reprint author), Natl Museum Wales, Dept Biodivers & Biol Systemat, Cathays Pk, Cardiff CF5 3NP, S Glam, Wales. NR 21 TC 11 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0307-6970 J9 SYST ENTOMOL JI Syst. Entomol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 27 IS 2 BP 191 EP 209 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3113.2002.00174.x PG 19 WC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology SC Evolutionary Biology; Entomology GA 548JV UT WOS:000175385600003 ER PT J AU Oliver, JE Dickens, JC Glass, TE AF Oliver, JE Dickens, JC Glass, TE TI (S)-3,7-dimethyl-2-oxo-6-octene-1,3-diol: an aggregation pheromone of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALCOHOLS AB (S)-3,7-Dimethyl-2-oxo-6-octene-1,3-diol has been identified as a male-produced pheromone from the Colorado potato beetle. Its gross structure was deduced from its mass and NMR spectra plus synthesis from geraniol. The absolute configuration was determined to be (S) by syntheses of both enantiomers from (R)- and (S)-linalool, respectively. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA, ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Chem Affect Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Oliver, JE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Chem Affect Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 7 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 43 IS 14 BP 2641 EP 2643 AR PII S0040-4039(02)00349-0 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(02)00349-0 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 541HA UT WOS:000174978100038 ER PT J AU Rauh, BL Basten, C Buckler, ES AF Rauh, BL Basten, C Buckler, ES TI Quantitative trait loci analysis of growth response to varying nitrogen sources in Arabidopsis thaliana SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE quantitative trait mapping; QTL x environment interaction; Arabidopsis; nitrogen utilization; roots ID GENE; MUTANTS; NITRATE AB Nitrogen absorption and assimilation is variable among plants as a result of two factors: the source of nitrogen available and the genetic variation among species within the resulting nitrogen pathways. Several genes involved in nitrogen cycling have been identified, yet little is known about the genes that control quantitative responses to different nitrogen sources. With quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in Arabidopsis thaliana recombinant inbred lines (Columbia x Landsberg erecta) we have identified chromosomal regions controlling aerial mass, root mass, and root length when plants are grown in nitrate, ammonium, ammonium nitrate, or low nitrogen treatments. A total of 16 QTL (P < 0.01) were identified among the nitrogen treatments. Most of the QTL were specific to a single treatment. The percentage additive genetic effects of significant QTL were as high as 17%. Five significant QTL corresponded to the locations of candidate genes associated with nitrogen assimilation, while a few QTL corresponded with candidate genes in the developmental pathways. Most QTL were not shared across treatments, suggesting that there is no optimal genotype for all nitrogen sources. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Program Stat Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Buckler, ES (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 22 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD APR PY 2002 VL 104 IS 5 BP 743 EP 750 DI 10.1007/s00122-001-0815-y PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 549XU UT WOS:000175473200001 ER PT J AU Roche, D Conner, JA Budiman, MA Frisch, D Wing, R Hanna, WW Ozias-Akins, P AF Roche, D Conner, JA Budiman, MA Frisch, D Wing, R Hanna, WW Ozias-Akins, P TI Construction of BAC libraries from two apomictic grasses to study the microcolinearity of their apospory-specific genomic regions SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE apomixis; apospory; BAC library; colinearity; Pennisetum ID ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME LIBRARY; LINKED MOLECULAR MARKERS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; PEARL-MILLET; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; MITOCHONDRIAL; CLONING; CLONES; REARRANGEMENTS AB We have constructed bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries from two grass species that reproduce by apospory, a form of gametophytic apomixis. The library of an apomictic polyhaploid genotype (line MS228-20, with a 2C genome size of approximately 4,500 Mbp) derived from a cross between the obligate apomict, Pennisetum squamulatian, and pearl millet (P glaucum) comprises 118,272 clones with an average insert size of 82 kb. The library of buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris, apomictic line B-12-9, with a 2C genome size of approximately 3,000 Mbp) contains 68,736 clones with an average insert size of 109 kb. Based on the genome sizes of these two lines and correcting for the number for false-positive and organellar clones, library coverages were found to be 3.7 and 4.8 haploid genome equivalents for MS 228-20 and B12-9, respectively. Both libraries were screened by hybridization with six SCARs (sequence-characterized amplified regions), whose tight link-age in a single apospory-specific genomic region had been previously demonstrated in both species. Analysis of these BAC clones indicated that some of the SCAR markers are actually amplifying duplicated regions linked in coupling in both genomes and that restriction enzyme mapping will be necessary to sort out the duplications. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Clemson Univ, Genomics Inst, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Ozias-Akins, P (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. OI Wing, Rod/0000-0001-6633-6226 NR 36 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD APR PY 2002 VL 104 IS 5 BP 804 EP 812 DI 10.1007/s00122-001-0795-y PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 549XU UT WOS:000175473200008 ER PT J AU Demeke, T Morris, CF AF Demeke, T Morris, CF TI Molecular characterization of wheat polyphenol oxidase (PPO) SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE DNA sequence; molecular characterization; PPO; RACE; wheat ID WHOLE-SEED ASSAY; HARD RED WINTER; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; CLONING; GENE; CULTIVARS; FAMILY; CDNAS AB It is well-established that the enzyme polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is involved in undesirable browning of noodles, chapattis, middle east flat breads and steamed breads. Methods for measuring PPO activity have been developed, and the variation of PPO activity among wheat (Triticitum aestivum L.) cultivars has been well documented. However, there is no report on the identification and characterization of a wheat PPO gene. PCR performed on wheat genomic DNA with oligonucleotide primers designed from conserved copper binding regions of other PPO genes resulted in amplification of a 444-bp DNA fragment. Sequence analysis identified the conserved amino acids of PPO genes indicating that the PCR product was part of the wheat PPO gene. Screening genomic and cDNA libraries using 444- and 760-bp DNA fragments as probes failed to identify a PPO gene based on conserved sequence, even though there were very strong hybridization signals for some isolates. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique was used as an alternative to obtain the remaining DNA sequences in 5' and 3' directions based on the 444-bp partial wheat PPO gene sequence. With the use of ThermoScript Reverse Transcriptase (which functions at higher temperatures) and Advantage-GC cDNA kit, the complete DNA sequence in the 3' direction was obtained. A similar effort in the 5' direction resulted in amplification of a truncated 414-bp DNA sequence. Overall, 1,509-bp of putative wheat PPO DNA sequence was obtained. Alignment of deduced amino-acid sequences revealed similarity to the other PPO gene sequences, especially in the conserved copper binding regions. Southern-blot analysis performed with four different restriction enzymes revealed two to four DNA fragments, suggesting a limited number of PPO genes in wheat. Wheat genomic DNA restricted with HindIII and hybridized using a 760-bp wheat PPO probe revealed a clear distinction between wheat cultivars with high and low PPO activities. Northern-blot analysis indicated a transcript size of about 2.0-kb. PPO DNA fragment as well as RNA transcript was observed for the durum cultivar Renville which normally has very low PPO activity. Further study is needed to explain the relationship between PPO activity and the presence of PPO gene (s). C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Food Sci & Human Nutr Facil E E202, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Demeke, T (reprint author), Canadian Grain Commiss, Grain Res Lab, 1404-303 Main St, Winnipeg, MB R3C 3G8, Canada. EM tdemeke@grainscanada.gc.ca NR 31 TC 37 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD APR PY 2002 VL 104 IS 5 BP 813 EP 818 DI 10.1007/s00122-001-0847-3 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 549XU UT WOS:000175473200009 ER PT J AU Echenique, V Stamova, B Wolters, P Lazo, G Carollo, VL Dubcovsky, J AF Echenique, V Stamova, B Wolters, P Lazo, G Carollo, VL Dubcovsky, J TI Frequencies of Ty1-copia and Ty3-gypsy retroelements within the Triticeae EST databases SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE EST databases; Triticeae; retrotransposons; gypsy; copia ID TISSUE-CULTURE; RETROTRANSPOSON BARE-1; LTR PROMOTER; BARLEY; GENOME; WHEAT; LIBRARY; HORDEUM; CONSTRUCTION AB The frequency of Ty1-copia-type and Ty3-gypsy-type retrotransposons in the International Triticeae EST Consortium (ITEC) database (61,942 sequences: 82% wheat, 10% barley, 8% rye) and the DuPont EST database (86,628 wheat sequences) was estimated using BLASTN searches. These ESTs were obtained from 94 cDNA libraries from different tissues (leaves, roots, spikes, flowers and seeds) and different growing conditions, excluding subtracted and normalized cDNA libraries. Triticeae EST databases were screened using four different Ty1-copia-type, 12 reverse transcriptase sequences, and three Ty3-gypsil-type Triticeae retrotransposon sequences. Using a selection threshold of BLASTN scores higher than 100 or E values smaller than e(-20), 0.145% of the ESTs were found to be significantly similar to at least one of the retrotransposons used in the search (0.064% Ty1-copia, 0.081% Ty3-gypsv). This percentage increased to 0.176% when the BLASTN threshold was changed to E0.05) between treatments, but number of class 2 (69 mm) follicles was reduced in E+ cows for most of the cycle (days 10 through 20; P<0.03). Length of synchronized estrous cycle, days open, calving interval, and pregnancy rate at 30, 45, 60, and 90 days post-breeding was similar (P>0.05) among treatment groups. Even though follicular dynamics (diameter of the largest follicle and number of class 2 follicles) were altered in cows grazing E+ tall fescue, follicular function was apparently not affected by ergot alkaloids. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, So Plains Area, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Burke, JM (reprint author), ARS, So Plains Area, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, USDA, 6883 S State Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 57 IS 6 BP 1733 EP 1742 AR PII S0093-691X(02)00676-3 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(02)00676-3 PG 10 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 551UQ UT WOS:000175580600012 PM 12035982 ER PT J AU Lee, YJ Kang, SW Yang, JI Choi, YM Sheen, D Lee, EB Choi, SW Song, YW AF Lee, YJ Kang, SW Yang, JI Choi, YM Sheen, D Lee, EB Choi, SW Song, YW TI Coagulation parameters and plasma total homocysteine levels in Behcet's Disease SO THROMBOSIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Behcet's Disease; thrombosis; homocysteine; von Willebrand factor ID VON-WILLEBRAND-FACTOR; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-C; VASCULAR INVOLVEMENT; VENOUS THROMBOSIS; RISK; HOMOCYST(E)INE; NEUTROPHIL; RESISTANCE; MUTATION AB Belicet's disease (BD) is a multisystemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology that is sometimes associated with thrombosis in addition to systemic manifestations. However, the mechanism of hypercoagulability is not known. We evaluated the coagulation and fibrinolytic activities and the plasma total homocysteine levels of Korean BD patients in two cross-sectional studies. In the first study regarding coagulation and fibrinolytic activities, the levels of fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen were significantly higher in the BD patients than in the healthy controls (387.7 +/- 24.3 versus 240.6 +/- 8.8 mg/dl, p < 0.001, and 131.9 +/- 8.8 versus 105.2 +/- 0.3%, p < 0.01, respectively). The level of antithrombin III (AT III) was significantly lower in the BD patients (92.8 +/- 3.2 versus 106.3 +/- 2.6%, p < 0.005). No differences were observed in the levels of plasminogen, protein C, or protein S activities. Activated protein C (APC) resistance was not observed in any BD patients. In the second study, the plasma total homocysteine levels of patients with a history of thrombosis (11.9 +/- 3.0 mumol/l) or disease activity (12.5 +/- 3.8 mumol/l) were found to be significantly higher than those of the controls (9.2 +/- 2.6 mumol/l, p < 0.05, both). The plasma homocysteine concentrations in the thrombosis patients were positively correlated with plasma vWF levels; a relationship which suggests injury of the vascular endothelium (Spearman coefficient = 0.857, p < 0.01). Therefore, coagulation abnormality did not contribute to thrombotic complications, and higher levels of homocysteine may play a role in the hypercoagulablity of BD patients. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Clin Res Inst, Chongno Gu, Seoul 110744, South Korea. Chungnam Natl Univ, Taejon, South Korea. Tufts Univ, Vitamin Metab Lab, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Song, YW (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Clin Res Inst, Chongno Gu, 28 Yongun Dong, Seoul 110744, South Korea. RI Song, Yeong Wook/J-2765-2012 NR 28 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0049-3848 J9 THROMB RES JI Thromb. Res. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 AR PII S0049-3848(02)00085-3 DI 10.1016/S0049-3848(02)00085-3 PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 596WT UT WOS:000178190000004 PM 12165284 ER PT J AU Polley, HW Tischler, CR Johnson, HB Derner, JD AF Polley, HW Tischler, CR Johnson, HB Derner, JD TI Growth rate and survivorship of drought: CO2 effects on the presumed tradeoff in seedlings of five woody legumes SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE invasive plants; leaf gas exchange; osmotic potential; xylem pressure potential ID MESQUITE PROSOPIS-GLANDULOSA; ELEVATED CO2; WATER RELATIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TREE SEEDLINGS; SOIL-MOISTURE; LOBLOLLY-PINE; RESPONSES; NITROGEN; SURVIVAL AB Traits that promote rapid growth and seedling recruitment when water is plentiful may become a liability when seedlings encounter drought. We tested the hypothesis that CO2 enrichment reinforces any tradeoff between growth rate and drought tolerance by exaggerating interspecific differences in maximum relative growth rate (RGR) and survivorship of drought among seedlings of five woody legumes. We studied invasive species of grasslands that differ in distribution along a rainfall gradient. Survivorship of drought at ambient CO2 concentration ([CO2]) was negatively related to RGR in well-watered seedlings in one of two experiments, but the relationship was weak because interspecific differences in RGR were small. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no significant relationship among well-watered seedlings between RGR at ambient [CO2] and either the relative or absolute increase in RGR at elevated [CO2]. As predicted, however, CO2 enrichment reinforced interspecific differences in survivorship of seedlings exposed to similar rates of soil water depletion. Doubling [CO2] improved seedling survivorship of the most drought-tolerant species throughout the period of soil water depletion, but did not consistently affect survivorship of more drought-sensitive species. Midday xylem pressure potentials of drought-treated seedlings were less negative at elevated [CO2] than at ambient [CO2], but no other measured trait was consistently correlated with improved survivorship at high [CO2]. Carbon dioxide enrichment may not reinforce species differences in RGR, but could exaggerate interspecific differences in drought tolerance. To the extent that seedling persistence in grasslands correlates with drought survivorship, our results indicate a Positive effect Of CO2 enrichment on recruitment of woody legumes that are currently tolerant of drought. C1 USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Polley, HW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 14 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 22 IS 6 BP 383 EP 391 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 546NM UT WOS:000175280200003 PM 11960763 ER PT J AU Estorninos, LE Gealy, DR Talbert, RE AF Estorninos, LE Gealy, DR Talbert, RE TI Growth response of rice (Oryza sativa) and red rice (O-sativa) in a replacement series study SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE leaf area; red rice growth; relative yield; rice growth; strawhull ID INTERFERENCE AB A replacement series study was conducted in a greenhouse in 1998 and 1999 to evaluate the interference interactions among two rice cultivars and two red rice ecotypes. Plants were established in proportions of 3:0, 2:1, 1:2, and 0:3 (rice-red rice) plants/pot. Relative yield of Kaybonnet based on the shoot dry weight was lower than that of KatyRR or LA3, whereas PI 312777 was comparable to that of KatyRR and LA3. These results indicate that Kaybonnet was less competitive than PI 312777 when contrasted with KatyRR and LA3 red rice ecotypes. Kaybonnet (commercial rice cultivar) was dominated by both KatyRR (suspected rice x red rice cross) and LA3 (tall red rice ecotype) in tiller production, whereas PI 312777 (weed-suppressive cultivar) was comparable to either KatyRR or LA3. Both KatyRR and LA3 considerably reduced the leaf area of Kaybonnet. In contrast, PI 312777 reduced the growth of KatyRR, and its leaf area was comparable to that of LA3. The data suggest that high tillering capacity, as demonstrated by PI 312777, should be considered when breeding for rice cultivars that are competitive against weeds. This agronomic characteristic of rice may improve the success of reduced herbicide rate application programs. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, USDA, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Estorninos, LE (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2 BP 401 EP 406 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2002)016[0401:GROROS]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 563PL UT WOS:000176264700021 ER PT J AU Daigle, DJ Connick, WJ Boyetchko, SM AF Daigle, DJ Connick, WJ Boyetchko, SM TI Formulating a weed-suppressive bacterium in "Pesta" SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; encapsulation; lactose; maltose ID FOXTAIL SETARIA-VIRIDIS; BIOCONTROL AGENTS; RHIZOBACTERIA; EXTRUSION AB "Pesta" is a granular, extruded product made from a cereal grain flour and any biological control agent. A strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens, BRG100, which is a pathogen of green foxtail, has been formulated into a Pesta product. P. fluorescens BRG100 survived processing best in oat flour, and the addition of 20% (wt/wt) maltose extended the shelf life of the product to more than 32 wk. Field studies of 8-wk duration showed that a Pesta product containing BRG100 suppressed green foxtail emergence by as much as 90%. An optimally formulated and processed Pesta product has potential for the biocontrol of green foxtail. C1 ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Saskatoon Res Ctr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada. RP Daigle, DJ (reprint author), ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2 BP 407 EP 413 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2002)016[0407:FAWSBI]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 563PL UT WOS:000176264700022 ER PT J AU Pitcairn, MJ Young, JA Clements, CD Balciunas, J AF Pitcairn, MJ Young, JA Clements, CD Balciunas, J TI Purple starthistle (Centaurea calcitrapa) seed germination SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE purple starthistle, Centaurea calcitrapa L. #3 CENCA; yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis L. ID REQUIREMENTS AB Purple starthistle is one of the numerous species of Centaurea that have been accidentally introduced to western North America where most have become pernicious noxious weeds. Purple starthistle is not nearly as widely distributed as its close relative, yellow starthistle, but it is more undesirable because of its growth characteristics and the number, length, and persistence of its spines. Purple starthistle reproduces only by seeds. Knowledge of the seed and seedbed ecology of weeds is important in all suppression strategies and especially for purple starthistle, which has potential biological control agents that suppress seed production. Our purpose was to determine the germination of purple starthistle seeds at a wide range of constant or alternating incubation temperatures from 0 through 40 C. The maximum observed germination ranged from 94 to 100%. Some germination occurred at least 75% or above of the 55 temperature regimes tested. Optimum germination, defined as not less than the maximum observed minus one-half of the confidence interval at the 0.01 level of probability, averaged 88 to 96%. Only one accession of purple starthistle had germination at what we classify as very cold seedbed temperatures. All accessions had near 50% germination at cold seedbed temperatures. Germination was highest at moderate seedbed temperatures and declined at warmer temperatures. The only constant incubation temperature that supported optimum germination was 20 C, and that was for only one accession. The only temperature regime that always supported optimum germination was 15/25 C (15 C for 16 h and 25 C for 8 h in each 24-h period). C1 Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. ARS, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. ARS, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Young, JA (reprint author), Calif Dept Food & Agr, 3288 Meadowview Rd, Sacramento, CA 95832 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2 BP 452 EP 456 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2002)016[0452:PSCCSG]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 563PL UT WOS:000176264700029 ER PT J AU Retrum, J Forcella, F AF Retrum, J Forcella, F TI Giant foxtail (Seteria faberi) seedling assay for resistance to sethoxydim SO WEED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ACCase inhibitor; bioassay ID ALOPECURUS-MYOSUROIDES; POPULATIONS AB Repeated application of acetyl-coA carboxylase-inhibiting herbicides, such as sethoxydim, may select for resistant (R) weed populations, making a rapid and reliable seedling bioassay a useful tool. Such a bioassay was developed to determine shoot and root responses of giant foxtail seedlings to sethoxydim. Root and shoot elongation Of Susceptible (S) and R giant foxtail seedlings was measured at 3 and 6 d after exposure to 0.1 to 100 mg/L sethoxydim. A bioassay concentration of 10 mg/L sethoxydim easily discriminated between S and R biotypes of giant foxtail at 6 d after exposure, with R:S shoot and root growth ratios of 3 and 10, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. Univ Minnesota, Div Sci, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Forcella, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0890-037X J9 WEED TECHNOL JI Weed Technol. PD APR-JUN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2 BP 464 EP 466 DI 10.1614/0890-037X(2002)016[0464:GFSFSA]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 563PL UT WOS:000176264700031 ER PT J AU Sorensen, FC AF Sorensen, FC TI Effect of leader clipping on height growth of young coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE height and diameter growth; animal damage AB Leaders of 3- through 7-yr-old Douglas-fir seedlings were left unclipped or were clipped for 1 to 4 consecutive years. Terminal removal reduced height increment in a significantly linear fashion and was about 19 cm for each year clipped. All treatments had comparable height increment in the 4 yr after clipping, and the initial depressing effect on height was still present at age 23. Diameter increment was reduced but not significantly. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Sorensen, FC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD APR PY 2002 VL 17 IS 2 BP 75 EP 77 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 579NJ UT WOS:000177184500003 ER PT J AU Maguire, DA Kanaskie, A Voelker, W Johnson, R Johnson, G AF Maguire, DA Kanaskie, A Voelker, W Johnson, R Johnson, G TI Growth of young Douglas-fir plantations across a gradient in Swiss needle cast severity SO WESTERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Douglas-fir plantations; Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii; Swiss needle cast; growth loss ID NITROGEN-FERTILIZATION; FOLIAGE; SPRUCE AB During the past decade, Swiss needle cast (SNC) damage has intensified in many Douglas-fir plantations in the Coast Range of Oregon, particularly along the immediate north coast. In plantations with severe symptoms, growth losses and reduced tree vigor are evident, but the magnitude of growth losses associated with varying intensities of damage is not known. A growth impact study was conducted in 1997 to quantum, retrospectively, the relationship between growth losses and visual symptoms in 10- to 30-yr-old Douglas-fir plantations in coastal northwestern Oregon, a population totaling 75,700 ha. A random sample of 70 Douglas-fir plantations was selected from the population and evaluated fro Swiss needle cast severity. One 0.02 ha plot was destructively sampled in each plantation to reconstruct past height and basal area growth trends and to characterize foliage loss and distribution. The SNC "effect" was assessed by comparing growth of plantations with varying degrees of Swiss needle cast to growth of those that retained maximal amounts of foliage, after correcting for initial stand density, Douglas-fir growing stock, age, and site index. Of numerous possible SNC indices, mean needle retention (yr) explained the largest amount of variation in both basal area and top height growth. Prior to 1990, top height growth was similar across all plantations after correcting for site quality, and plantation age, but, by 1992, top height growth losses appeared and were proportional to apparent foliage losses. In 1996, top height growth was reduced by up to 25% relative to plantations with little or no SNC. Basal area growth reductions began to appear around 1990, and in 1996 basal area growth of the most heavily damaged plantation was 35% less than the growth that would be expected in absence of SNC damage. The inferred volume growth loss for 1996 averaged 23% for the 75,700 ha target population, but this loss averaged as high as 52% for the most severely impacted plantations. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon Dept Forestry, Salem, OR 97310 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Willamette Ind, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Maguire, DA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 36 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0885-6095 J9 WEST J APPL FOR JI West. J. Appl. For. PD APR PY 2002 VL 17 IS 2 BP 86 EP 95 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 579NJ UT WOS:000177184500005 ER PT J AU Riegel, GM Svejcar, TJ Busse, MD AF Riegel, GM Svejcar, TJ Busse, MD TI Does the presence of Wyethia mollis affect growth of Pinus jeffreyi seedlings? SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; Wyethia mollis; Pinus jeffreyi; succession; forest regeneration; seedling growth; foliar nutrients; soil chemical; soil microbial biomass ID DOUGLAS-FIR; ECTOMYCORRHIZA FORMATION; NITROGEN-FIXATION; VEGETATION TYPE; SIERRA-NEVADA; CLEAR-CUTS; SOIL; SHRUBS; COMPETITION; PLANTS AB Regeneration of Pinus jeffreyi in the Sierra Nevada is often limited on sites dominated by Wyethia mollis. Allelopathic chemicals and competition for soil moisture have been suggested as possible mechanisms for limiting regeneration. We tested the hypothesis that soil chemical and microbial properties from sites in different stages of succession influence seedling growth of Pinus jeffreyi. Soil was collected from an early-seral site dominated by Wyethia mollis, a mid-seral site dominated by the shrubs Arctostaphylos patula, Ceanothus prostratus. C. velutinus, and Purshia tridentata, and a late-seral site dominated by mature Pinus. These sites were compared for nutrient content, Mills seedling growth capacity, and microbial population size. Soil (0-33 cm) from the early-seral site had the lowest C. microbial biomass, and fungal and bacterial populations. There were no consistent trends in soil nutrient Content among sites. The early-seral site had the lowest soil Ca and Mg contents but also had a lower C/N ratio and more than twofold greater P content than either the mid- or late-seral site. Pinus seedling growth and foliar nutrient concentrations were compared at 3 harvest dates (220, 314, and 417, days after germination) in a greenhouse bioassay. The treatment design was a 3 x 2 factorial with soil from each of the 3 sites either with or without Pinus seedlings. Pots without seedlings were used as controls to assess the effects of seedlings on microbial biomass, Seedling growth in the early-seral soil was initially suppressed in comparison to growth in the mid-seral soil, but by the final harvest total seedling weight was similar between these 2 treatments. The most obvious treatment effect was a reduction in growth for seedlings planted in late-seral soil, probably due to a nutrient imbalance in the soil, Seedlings grown in late-seral soil had Fe and Al levels that were nearly twice those of seedlings grown in early- and mid-seral soils. Microbial biomass followed a temporal pattern similar to that found for seedling growth, Differences in microbial biomass between the early- and mid-seral soils, although initially large, were not detected by the final harvest. We interpret these results to indicate that allelopathy or soil nutrient deficiencies resulting from the presence of Wyethia are unlikely to be responsible for limited growth of Pinus seedlings in Wyethia-dominated stands. C1 ARS, USDA, Reno, NV 89512 USA. ARS, USDA, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Riegel, GM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Area Ecol Program, Pacific NW Reg,1645 NE Highway 20, Bend, OR 97701 USA. NR 68 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2002 VL 62 IS 2 BP 141 EP 150 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 552XF UT WOS:000175644800002 ER PT J AU Sterner, RT Petersen, BE Shumake, SA Gaddis, SE Bourassa, JB Felix, TA McCann, GR Crane, KA Ames, AD AF Sterner, RT Petersen, BE Shumake, SA Gaddis, SE Bourassa, JB Felix, TA McCann, GR Crane, KA Ames, AD TI Movements of a bullsnake (Pituophis catenifer) following predation of a radio-collared northern pocket gopher (Thomomys talpoides) SO WESTERN NORTH AMERICAN NATURALIST LA English DT Article DE pocket gopher; open-hole index; bullsnake; predation; radio-tracking C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Sterner, RT (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV PI PROVO PA 290 LIFE SCIENCE MUSEUM, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 1527-0904 J9 WEST N AM NATURALIST JI West. North Am. Naturalist PD APR PY 2002 VL 62 IS 2 BP 240 EP 242 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 552XF UT WOS:000175644800015 ER PT J AU Liu, JY AF Liu, JY TI Analysis of off-axis tension test of wood specimens SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE off-axis tension test; orthotropic elasticity; shear strength; tensile strength; Tsai-Hill failure theory ID UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITES AB This paper presents a stress analysis of the off-axis tension test of clear wood specimens based on orthotropic elasticity theory. The effects of Poisson's ratio and shear coupling coefficient on stress distribution are analyzed in detail. The analysis also provides a theoretical foundation for the selection of a 10degrees grain angle in wood specimens for the characterization of shear properties. The Tsai-Hill failure theory is then applied to derive a formula for predicting shear strength. Existing strength data for Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis Carr.) were used in a numerical analysis. Because of the large discrepancies in published test data from different sources, the accuracy of the formula is limited to the data used to derive it. However, the procedures are believed to be accurate. The off-axis tension test is attractive mainly because of its economy and ease of application, This research promises to pave the way for the adoption of the off-axis tension test for characterizing the shear properties of clear wood by the practicing engineer once representative input data become available. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Liu, JY (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 34 IS 2 BP 205 EP 211 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 547BM UT WOS:000175312700002 ER PT J AU Mott, L Groom, L Shaler, S AF Mott, L Groom, L Shaler, S TI Mechanical properties of individual southern pine fibers. Part II. Comparison of earlywood and latewood fibers with respect to tree height and juvenility SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE loblolly pine; stiffness; strength; microfibril angle; modulus of elasticity; ultimate tensile stress; whole tree variation; juvenile wood ID WOOD PULP FIBERS; SINGLE AB This paper reports variations in mechanical properties of individual southern pine fibers and compares engineering properties of earlywood and latewood tracheids with respect to tree height and juvenility. Results indicate that latewood fibers exhibit greater strength and stiffness than earlywood fibers irrespective of tree height or juvenility. Average earlywood loblolly pine fibers had modulus of elasticity and ultimate tensile stress values of 14.8 GPa and 604 MPa, respectively. Corresponding latewood fibers had modulus of elasticity and ultimate tensile stress values that were, respectively, 33 and 73% higher. These differences are attributable to microfibril angles and pitting. Juvenility as defined by the mechanical properties of individual wood fibers is not a cylindrical cone surrounding the pith but appears to be biconical, tapering from the base to below the live crown and then again from the live crown to the apex. C1 Perstorp AB, Perstorp, Sweden. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Univ Maine, Adv Composites Engn Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Mott, L (reprint author), Perstorp AB, Perstorp, Sweden. NR 28 TC 60 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 34 IS 2 BP 221 EP 237 PG 17 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 547BM UT WOS:000175312700004 ER PT J AU Groom, L Shaler, S Mott, L AF Groom, L Shaler, S Mott, L TI Mechanical properties of individual southern pine fibers. Part III: Global relationships between fiber properties and fiber location within an individual tree SO WOOD AND FIBER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE loblolly pine; wood fibers; tracheids; stiffness; strength; modulus of elasticity; ultimate tensile stress; microfibril angle; juvenile wood; mature wood; fiber quality index; whole tree variation ID LOBLOLLY-PINE; JUVENILE WOOD; GROWTH AB This is the third and final paper in a three-part series investigating the effect of location within a tree on the mechanical properties of individual wood tracheids. This paper focuses on the definition of juvenile, transition, and mature zones as classified by fiber stiffness, strength, microfibril angle, and cross-sectional area. The average modulus of elasticity and ultimate tensile stress of all loblolly pine fibers were, in equal proportion of earlywood and latewood, 17.3 Gpa and 824 Mpa, respectively. The average microfibril angle was found to be 15.4 degrees, with rings 5 and 48 averaging 26.8 and 6,1 degrees, respectively. Normalization of all mechanical and physical proper-ties showed that the juvenile zone is not cylindrical but rather biconical, tapering from stump to below the live crown and then again from the live crown to the bole tip. The transition zone parallels the juvenile zone, ranging in width from 3 to 15 rings. Fiber properties continued to improve slightly throughout the duration of the mature zone. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Univ Maine, Adv Composites Engn Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Perstorp AB, Perstorp, Sweden. RP Groom, L (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Hwy, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. NR 38 TC 41 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC WOOD SCI TECHNOL PI MADISON PA ONE GIFFORD PINCHOT DR, MADISON, WI 53705 USA SN 0735-6161 J9 WOOD FIBER SCI JI Wood Fiber Sci. PD APR PY 2002 VL 34 IS 2 BP 238 EP 250 PG 13 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 547BM UT WOS:000175312700005 ER PT J AU Wang, Z Coyle, B AF Wang, Z Coyle, B TI APEC open regionalism and its impact on the world economy: A computable general equilibrium analysis SO WORLD ECONOMY LA English DT Article ID CGE C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Wang, Z (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0378-5920 J9 WORLD ECON JI World Econ. PD APR PY 2002 VL 25 IS 4 BP 563 EP 589 DI 10.1111/1467-9701.00448 PG 27 WC Business, Finance; Economics; International Relations SC Business & Economics; International Relations GA 548TR UT WOS:000175406400006 ER PT J AU Freer, SN AF Freer, SN TI Acetic acid production by Dekkera/Brettanomyces yeasts SO WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acetic acid; Brettanomyces; Dekkera; ethanol ID BRETTANOMYCES; CULTURES; DEKKERA AB Yeast belonging to the genera Brettanomyces and Dekkera are noted for spoiling cellar and bottled wine through the production of haze, turbidity and acetic acid. However, I was unable to find information on the use of these yeasts for the expressed purpose of acetic acid production. Sixty yeast strains belonging to these, and several other genera, from the ARS Culture Collection, Peoria, IL, were screened for their ability to produce both ethanol and/or acetic acid. For ethanol production, the strains were grown anaerobically at 24 and 30degreesC in batch culture using glucose (100 g/l) as the carbon/energy source. For acetic acid production, the strains were grown aerobically in batch culture using either glucose (100 g/l) or ethanol (35 g/l) as the carbon/energy source. In the initial ethanol production screen, 19 strains produced at least 45 g ethanol/l. In the initial acetic acid screen, 28 of the yeast strains produced at least 5 g acetic acid/l from 100 g glucose/l, while 23 strains produced at least 5 g acetic acid/l from 35 g ethanol/l. C1 ARS, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Freer, SN (reprint author), ARS, Fermentat Biochem Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 22 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0959-3993 J9 WORLD J MICROB BIOT JI World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 271 EP 275 DI 10.1023/A:1014927129259 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 548UD UT WOS:000175407500014 ER PT J AU Afonso, CL Tulman, ER Lu, Z Zsak, L Sandybaev, NT Kerembekova, UZ Zaitsev, VL Kutish, GF Rock, DL AF Afonso, CL Tulman, ER Lu, Z Zsak, L Sandybaev, NT Kerembekova, UZ Zaitsev, VL Kutish, GF Rock, DL TI The genome of camelpox virus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VACCINIA VIRUS; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; DNA-SEQUENCES; GENE ENCODES; PROTEIN; INFECTION; STRAIN AB Camelpox virus (CMLV), a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus in the Poxviridae, is the etiologic agent of a disease of camels. Here we report the CMLV genomic sequence with analysis. The 205,719-bp CMLV genome contains 211 putative genes and consists of a central region bound by identical inverted terminal repeats of approximately 7 kb. A high degree of similarity in gene order, gene content, and amino acid composition in the region located between CMLV017 and CMLV184 (average 96% amino acid identity to vaccinia virus (VACV)) indicates a close structural and functional relationship between CMLV and other known orthopoxviruses (OPVs), Notably, CMLV contains a unique region of approximately 3 kb, which encodes three ORFs (CMLV185, CMLV186, CMLV187) absent in other OPVs, These ORFs are most similar to B22R homologues found in other chordopoxvirus genera. Among OPVs, CMLV is the most closely related to variola virus (VARV), sharing all genes involved in basic replicative functions and the majority of genes involved in other host-related functions. Differences between CMLV and VARV include deletion and disruption of a large number of genes. Twenty-seven CMLV ORFs are absent in VARV, including seven full-length homologues of NMDA-like receptor, phospholipase D, Schlafen, MT-4 virulence, kelch, VACV C8L, and cowpox (CPXV) B21R proteins. Thirty-eight CMLV ORFs, some of which are fragments of larger genes, differ in size from corresponding VARV ORFs by more than 10% (amino acids). Genome structure and phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences for all ORFs indicate that CMLV is clearly distinct from VARV and VACV and, as it has been suggested for VARV, it may have originated from a CPXV virus-like ancestor. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Sci Res Agr Inst Zhambylskaya Oblast, Kordaiskiy Rayon 485444, Gvardeiskiy, Kazakhstan. RP Afonso, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. EM cafonso@piadc.ars.usda.gov NR 35 TC 47 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 30 PY 2002 VL 295 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1006/viro.2001.1343 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 551HY UT WOS:000175555800001 PM 12033760 ER PT J AU Seefeldt, SS Kidwell, KK Waller, JE AF Seefeldt, SS Kidwell, KK Waller, JE TI Base growth temperatures, germination rates and growth response of contemporary spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars from the US Pacific Northwest SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE base temperature; emergence; germination; temperature gradient plate; spring wheat ID SEED-GERMINATION; MODELING DISTRIBUTIONS; TIME; MAIZE; VULGARIS; CROPS; PHASE AB In eastern Washington, spring wheat cultivars that germinate and grow fast at low temperatures will provide the crop with a competitive advantage over spring emerging weeds in commercial production fields compared to cultivars that germinate and grow more slowly. The objective of this research was to develop a protocol to identify spring wheat cultivars that would germinate and grow more quickly at low temperatures. A novel data analysis method was used to separate the germination process into three components: (1) base temperature, (2) time to initiation of germination, and (3) germination rate. Spring wheat cultivars Edwall, Vanna, Wawawai, Wampum, Express, and Spillman were assessed through a series of controlled temperature gradient plate experiments. Base temperatures were not different (P = 0.1) across cultivars, and once germination was initiated, germination rates among varieties were uniform (P = 0.5). However, significant (P < 0.001) differences were detected among varieties for time to germination. A subsequent growth chamber experiment confirmed differences in emergence and growth rate among spring wheat cultivars. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. AgRes, Hamilton, New Zealand. RP Seefeldt, SS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Sheep Expt Stn, HC 62 Box 2010, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD MAR 28 PY 2002 VL 75 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 AR PII S0378-4290(01)00007-2 DI 10.1016/S0378-4290(02)00007-2 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 539VM UT WOS:000174892400005 ER PT J AU Huwe, JK AF Huwe, JK TI Dioxins in food: A modern agricultural perspective SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins; polychlorinated dibenzofurans; agriculture; food ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; FARM-RAISED CATFISH; UNITED-STATES; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS; MASS-BALANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; RESIDUE REDUCTION; TIME TRENDS; BOVINE-MILK AB This review attempts to cover and summarize the literature available on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in the environment with regard to problems of interest to agriculture. The coverage of the literature is extensive (120 references) but, by all means, not complete. Issues that are addressed in this review include a background summary of dioxins in the environment and their potential human health risks; current knowledge on the levels of dioxins in the U.S. food supply and comparisons to European data; descriptions of recent food contamination episodes; an evaluation of methods that may reduce incurred levels of dioxins in livestock and meats; and the status and limitations of dioxin analysis and rapid screening methods with regard to widespread monitoring programs. Research areas in agriculture where data and experimental results are scarce or nonexistent are also pointed out. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Huwe, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, POB 5674, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 120 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 27 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 7 BP 1739 EP 1750 DI 10.1021/jf011265f PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 534LJ UT WOS:000174587600001 PM 11902908 ER PT J AU Maragos, CM Plattner, RD AF Maragos, CM Plattner, RD TI Rapid fluorescence polarization immunoassay for the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in wheat SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE deoxynivalenol; vomitoxin; fluorescence polarization; immunoassay ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; WHITE FLOUR; 15-ACETYLDEOXYNIVALENOL; VOMITOXIN; BRAN AB The fungus Fusarium graminearum, a pathogen of both wheat and maize, produces a toxin, deoxynivalenol (DON), that causes disease in livestock. A rapid test for DON in wheat was developed using the principle of fluorescence polarization (FP) immunoassay. The assay was based on the competition between DON and a novel DON-fluorescein tracer (DON-FL2) for a DON-specific monoclonal antibody in solution. The method, which is a substantial improvement over our previous DON FP immunoassay, combined a rapid (3 min) extraction step with a rapid (2 min) detection step. A series of naturally contaminated wheat and maize samples were analyzed by both FP immunoassay and liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV). For wheat the HPLC-UV and FP methods agreed well (linear regression r(2) = 0.936), but for maize the two methods did not (r(2) = 0.849). We conclude that the FP method is useful for screening wheat, but not maize, for DON. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Maragos, CM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Mycotoxin Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 15 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 6 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 27 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 7 BP 1827 EP 1832 DI 10.1021/jf011487d PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 534LJ UT WOS:000174587600012 PM 11902919 ER PT J AU Kimball, BA Provenza, FD Burritt, EA AF Kimball, BA Provenza, FD Burritt, EA TI Importance of alternative foods on the persistence of flavor aversions: implications for applied flavor avoidance learning SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE alternatives; flavor avoidance learning; herbivory; persistence ID CONDITIONED TASTE-AVERSION; SHEEP; PREFERENCE; LAMBS; ACQUISITION; RUMINANTS; NUTRIENTS; HAZARDS; TOXIN; DIETS AB We added a novel flavor, citric acid (CA), to a familiar test diet and conditioned an aversion in lambs to the flavored diet using lithium chloride. In 1 h feeding trials, we examined the roles of a novel flavor cue, choice and nutritional quality of alternatives on the persistence of an aversion. Availability of alternative foods increased the persistence of the aversion to the CA-flavored test diet. Furthermore, persistence was related to the energy content of the alternative. The higher energy alternative better complimented the high protein content of the basal ration (alfalfa pellets) and increased persistence versus the lower energy alternative. Continued avoidance of the CA-flavored test diet was observed even after a 68-day intermission among lambs with access to alternatives. We submit that application of flavor avoidance learning (FAL) may be useful for minimizing herbivory when a novel flavor is employed and alternative forage is present. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Range Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Kimball, BA (reprint author), Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD MAR 26 PY 2002 VL 76 IS 3 BP 249 EP 258 AR PII S0168-1591(02)00007-2 DI 10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00007-2 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 536AP UT WOS:000174678800006 ER PT J AU Adolfsson, O Huber, BT Meydani, SN AF Adolfsson, O Huber, BT Meydani, SN TI The effect of alpha-tocopherol on apoptosis of naive and memory T cells from young and old mice. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Program Immunol, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A985 EP A985 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901442 ER PT J AU Ali, AA Mohamed, AI Hansen, CT Wang, TTY Velasquez, MT Bhathena, SJ AF Ali, AA Mohamed, AI Hansen, CT Wang, TTY Velasquez, MT Bhathena, SJ TI Effect of probiotics and isoflavones on metabolic parameters in a genetic model of obesity and diabetes. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Phytonutr Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia State Univ, Petersburg, VA USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1014 EP A1014 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901593 ER PT J AU Anderson, AK Fuss, PJ Hays, NP Saltzman, E Roberts, SB McCrory, MA AF Anderson, AK Fuss, PJ Hays, NP Saltzman, E Roberts, SB McCrory, MA TI Measurement of human body composition: Reliability and validity of the BOD POD compared to traditional and multi-compartment reference methods. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1024 EP A1024 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901648 ER PT J AU Bairos, L Roubenoff, R Kehayias, J Dawson-Hughes, B AF Bairos, L Roubenoff, R Kehayias, J Dawson-Hughes, B TI Comparison of Lunar DPX-L and Hologic QDR-2000 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometers (DXA) for the evaluation of whole and regional body composition SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Body Composit Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Calcium & Bone Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1024 EP A1024 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901649 ER PT J AU Bermudez, OI Ribaya-Mercado, JD Russell, RM Tucker, KL AF Bermudez, OI Ribaya-Mercado, JD Russell, RM Tucker, KL TI Food sources and intake of Carotenoids among Hispanic elders in Massachusetts SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A750 EP A750 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593900138 ER PT J AU Bhathena, SJ Ali, AA Mohamed, AA Hansen, CT Velasquez, MT AF Bhathena, SJ Ali, AA Mohamed, AA Hansen, CT Velasquez, MT TI Effects of dietary soybean and flaxseed meal on metabolic parameters in a genetic model of obesity and diabetes. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Phytonutr Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ain Shams Univ, Dept Food Sci, Cairo, Egypt. Virginia State Univ, Petersburg, VA USA. NIH, Vet Resources Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Med, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1013 EP A1013 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901592 ER PT J AU Browning, JD Li, XS Berhow, MA MacDonald, RS AF Browning, JD Li, XS Berhow, MA MacDonald, RS TI Soy isoflavones and saponins inhibit growth of cultured colon adenocarcinoma cells. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Missouri, Genet Area Program, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1003 EP A1004 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901539 ER PT J AU Campbell, WW Joseph, LJO Ostlund, R Anderson, R Farrell, PA Evans, WJ AF Campbell, WW Joseph, LJO Ostlund, R Anderson, R Farrell, PA Evans, WJ TI Effects of resistive training and chromium picolinate on the urinary excretion of inositols and glucose metabolism in older people SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Penn State Univ, Noll Physiol Res Ctr, State Coll, PA USA. Washington Univ, Dept Med, St Louis, MO USA. USDA, HNRC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Geriatr, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A996 EP A996 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901497 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Milbury, PE O'Leary, J Collins, FW Blumberg, JB AF Chen, CY Milbury, PE O'Leary, J Collins, FW Blumberg, JB TI Synergy between oat polyphenolics and alpha-tocopherol in prevention of LDL oxidation. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ctr Food & Anim Res, Ottawa, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1106 EP A1106 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593902106 ER PT J AU Finley, JW AF Finley, JW TI Retention and distribution of selenium from 75Se labeled meat and broccoli SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A994 EP A994 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901486 ER PT J AU Gerrior, SA AF Gerrior, SA TI Activity, intake of fat, body composition and blood lipids in obese young adults. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1019 EP A1019 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901622 ER PT J AU Gomez, RM Levander, OA Sterin-Borda, L AF Gomez, RM Levander, OA Sterin-Borda, L TI Diminished beta-adrenoceptor-inotropic cardiac response in selenium-deficient mice relates inversely with cardiac inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Odontol, Catedra Farmacol, RA-1053 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, BHNRC, NRFL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A993 EP A993 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901482 ER PT J AU Griffin, IJ Mushi, A Hilmers, DC Allen, LH Hicks, PD Abrams, SA AF Griffin, IJ Mushi, A Hilmers, DC Allen, LH Hicks, PD Abrams, SA TI Effect of a multi-nutrient fortified beverage on growth and biochemical variables in children in Botswana SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Princess Marina Hosp, Gaboronne, Botswana. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1026 EP A1027 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901663 ER PT J AU Gu, L Kelm, M Hammerstone, J Prior, RL AF Gu, L Kelm, M Hammerstone, J Prior, RL TI Monomeric, oligomeric and polymeric proanthocyanidins (PAC) in selected foods: Quality and quantity SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. MARS Inc, Analyt & Appl Sci Grp, Hackettstown, NJ USA. RI Hammerstone, John/N-9766-2013 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1011 EP A1011 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901580 ER PT J AU Guthrie, N Kurowska, EM Manners, G Hasegawa, S White, D Freeman, D Deutsch, L Vandenberg, TA AF Guthrie, N Kurowska, EM Manners, G Hasegawa, S White, D Freeman, D Deutsch, L Vandenberg, TA TI Inhibition of human breast cancer cell growth by citrus limonoids SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 KGK Synergize Inc, London, ON, Canada. USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A999 EP A999 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901514 ER PT J AU Hartman, TJ Davies, MJ Huth, PJ Baer, DJ Judd, JT Remaley, AT Martini, MC Dorgan, JF Mosbacher, TL Taylor, PR AF Hartman, TJ Davies, MJ Huth, PJ Baer, DJ Judd, JT Remaley, AT Martini, MC Dorgan, JF Mosbacher, TL Taylor, PR TI The effects of animal (non-fat milk) versus soy protein replete with isoflavones on prostate-specific antigen and insulin-like growth factor in men SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Res Diets, Somerset, NJ USA. Kraft Gen Foods Inc, Glenview, IL 60025 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1004 EP A1004 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901542 ER PT J AU Hintze, KJ Keck, AS Finley, JW Jeffery, EH AF Hintze, KJ Keck, AS Finley, JW Jeffery, EH TI Inducibility of thioredoxin reductase (TR) by sulforaphane (SF) derived from broccoli. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Hintze, Korry/A-7079-2008; Hintze, Korry/E-4619-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A993 EP A993 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901480 ER PT J AU Holowachuk, SA Bal'a, F Buddington, RK AF Holowachuk, SA Bal'a, F Buddington, RK TI The antibacterial activity of pancreatic juice: Relations with feeding state and protein secretion. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1154 EP A1155 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593902370 ER PT J AU Hunt, CD Vanderpool, RA AF Hunt, CD Vanderpool, RA TI Dietary boron absorption and excretion kinetics in adult male subject during dietary boron supplementation as determined by stable isotope dilution methodology. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Biotech Serv Inc, Little Rock, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A995 EP A995 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901494 ER PT J AU Jacob, R Aiello, G Stephensen, C Blumberg, J Milbury, P Wallock, L Ames, B AF Jacob, R Aiello, G Stephensen, C Blumberg, J Milbury, P Wallock, L Ames, B TI Moderate antioxidant supplementation has no effect on biomarkers of oxidant damage in healthy men SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A981 EP A981 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901420 ER PT J AU Ji, LL Lay, D Chung, EH Fu, Y Brickson, S Parkin, K Hahn, M Perterson, DM AF Ji, LL Lay, D Chung, EH Fu, Y Brickson, S Parkin, K Hahn, M Perterson, DM TI Effects of avenathramides supplementation on oxidant and antioxidant status in rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Crop Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Crop Res & Agron, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A981 EP A981 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901419 ER PT J AU Keck, AS Hintze, KJ Finley, JW Jeffery, EH AF Keck, AS Hintze, KJ Finley, JW Jeffery, EH TI Dietary broccoli and pure sulforaphane upregulated detoxification enzymes and thioredoxin reductase, but decreased glutathione peroxidase when fed to F344 rats SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Illinois, Div Nutr Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Hintze, Korry/A-7079-2008; Hintze, Korry/E-4619-2011 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1007 EP A1007 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901559 ER PT J AU Keim, NL Horn, WF Van Loan, M AF Keim, NL Horn, WF Van Loan, M TI Habitual pattern of energy intake affects fuel utilization before and after exercise. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Exercise Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Horn, William/B-8332-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1014 EP A1014 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901595 ER PT J AU Krebs, NF Adams, C Raboy, V Sian, L Dorsch, J Miller, LV Hambidge, KM AF Krebs, NF Adams, C Raboy, V Sian, L Dorsch, J Miller, LV Hambidge, KM TI Calcium absorption is greater in phytic acid reduced maize compared to wild type maize SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80262 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A980 EP A980 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901414 ER PT J AU Liu, ZG Pesce, J Liu, Q Foster, A Urban, JF Gause, WC AF Liu, ZG Pesce, J Liu, Q Foster, A Urban, JF Gause, WC TI Ag-specific B7-independent Th2 cell differentiation in vivo SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USDA, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1071 EP A1071 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901906 ER PT J AU Martinez, M Verghese, M Walker, LT Chawan, CB Shackleford, L Rao, DR AF Martinez, M Verghese, M Walker, LT Chawan, CB Shackleford, L Rao, DR TI Lycopene and its role in azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Food & Anim Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. USDA CSREES PAS, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1006 EP A1006 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901551 ER PT J AU Milbury, PE Chen, CY Kim, C Blumberg, JB AF Milbury, PE Chen, CY Kim, C Blumberg, JB TI Polyphenolics (PP) from almond skins with alpha-tocopherol (aT) synergistically increase the resistance of LDL to oxidation SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1106 EP A1106 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593902105 ER PT J AU Mitchell, A Scholz, A Pursel, V AF Mitchell, A Scholz, A Pursel, V TI Prediction of the body composition of pigs based on cross-sectional region analysis of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr E, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Munich, LVG, Oberschleissheim, Germany. USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Maping Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1024 EP A1024 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901651 ER PT J AU Morimoto, M Morimoto, M Murakami, H Star, R Whitmire, J Urban, JF Gause, WC AF Morimoto, M Morimoto, M Murakami, H Star, R Whitmire, J Urban, JF Gause, WC TI IL-4 producing cells concentrate around encysted nematode larvae in the intestine during a memory Th2 response. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1071 EP A1071 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901907 ER PT J AU Nielsen, FH AF Nielsen, FH TI Dietary boron alters blood cellular composition and characteristics and cholesterol responses of rats to differences in the omega-3 fatty acid content of the diet SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A995 EP A995 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901493 ER PT J AU Oh, HY Yoon, S Kim, SS Chung, HY AF Oh, HY Yoon, S Kim, SS Chung, HY TI The effects of GCP supplement on fasting glucose insulin level,hormones levels, antioxidant status, serum lipid profiles and osteocalcin level in diabetic retinopathy postmenopausal women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Yonsei Univ, Sedaemoon Gu, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Il San Hosp, Goyang, South Korea. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1008 EP A1009 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901566 ER PT J AU Park, JB AF Park, JB TI N-coumaroyltramine is a potent phytochemical to arrest meylocytic U937 and lymphocytic Jurkat cells at the S phase of cell cycle. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A743 EP A743 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593900099 ER PT J AU Patterson, BH Combs, GF Mary, B Claude, V Patterson, KY Taylor, PR Levander, OA AF Patterson, BH Combs, GF Mary, B Claude, V Patterson, KY Taylor, PR Levander, OA TI Controlled-diet vs. free-living subjects: A comparison of excretion data from two selenium (Se) tracer studies SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCI, Biometry Res Grp, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Cornell Univ, Div Nutr Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A995 EP A995 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901492 ER PT J AU Penland, JG Egger, NG Ramanujam, VMS Dayal, HH Sandstead, HH AF Penland, JG Egger, NG Ramanujam, VMS Dayal, HH Sandstead, HH TI Zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) repletion improves cognitive function of mildly deficient women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A974 EP A975 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901384 ER PT J AU Poulos, SP Azain, MJ Hausman, GJ AF Poulos, SP Azain, MJ Hausman, GJ TI Serum from neonatal pigs of dams fed conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) alters preadipocyte recruitment in primary porcine stromal-vascular cell cultures SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1016 EP A1016 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901605 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Cao, G Hoang, H Wu, X Gu, L AF Prior, RL Cao, G Hoang, H Wu, X Gu, L TI In vivo antioxidant capacity in human subjects following consumption of prune juice, prunes or blueberries SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1010 EP A1010 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901573 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Cao, G Hoang, H Wu, X Gu, L AF Prior, RL Cao, G Hoang, H Wu, X Gu, L TI Urinary excretion of metabolites of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde (HMF) in human subjects SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1009 EP A1010 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901572 ER PT J AU Prior, RL Cao, G Wu, X Hoang, H Gu, L AF Prior, RL Cao, G Wu, X Hoang, H Gu, L TI Increased hippuric acid excretion in human subjects following consumption of prunes, prune juice or blueberries, foods high in chlorogenic acid SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, USDA ARS, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. USDA, HNRC Aging Tufts, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A980 EP A981 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901417 ER PT J AU Reinhardt, TA Horst, RL Waters, WR AF Reinhardt, TA Horst, RL Waters, WR TI The rat alternatively spliced mRNA is a Golgi Ca2+-ATPase SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Periparturient Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Cattle Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1157 EP A1157 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593902384 ER PT J AU Ribaya-Mercado, JD Solomons, NW Medrano, Y Bulux, J Dolnikowski, GG Russell, RM Wallace, CB AF Ribaya-Mercado, JD Solomons, NW Medrano, Y Bulux, J Dolnikowski, GG Russell, RM Wallace, CB TI Improvement in vitamin A body stores and plasma retinol in Nicaraguan children one year after the start of the Nicaraguan national program of sugar fortification with vitamin A SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Studies Sensory Impairment Aging & Metab, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Univ Nacl Autonoma Nicaragua, Managua, Nicaragua. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1029 EP A1029 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901674 ER PT J AU Ribaya-Mercado, JD Solon, FS Dallal, GE Solomons, NW Fermin, LS Mazariegos, M Dolnikowski, GG Russell, RM AF Ribaya-Mercado, JD Solon, FS Dallal, GE Solomons, NW Fermin, LS Mazariegos, M Dolnikowski, GG Russell, RM TI A predictive equation for quantitative assessment of vitamin A body stores in humans by a three-day deuterated-retinol-dilution (3-d DRD) procedure SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Nutr Ctr Philippines, Manila, Philippines. Ctr Studies Sensory Impairment Aging & Metab, Guatemala City, Guatemala. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A745 EP A745 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593900107 ER PT J AU Saari, JT AF Saari, JT TI Kidney copper as an index of altered copper status in marginally-deficient rats. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A990 EP A990 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901472 ER PT J AU Sacheck, JM Blumberg, JB Milbury, PE Cannon, JG Roubenoff, R AF Sacheck, JM Blumberg, JB Milbury, PE Cannon, JG Roubenoff, R TI Vitamin E reduces muscle damage and biomarkers of oxidative stress after exercise SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidant Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1137 EP A1137 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593902277 ER PT J AU Schuschke, D Percival, S Lominadze, D Saari, J Lentsch, A AF Schuschke, D Percival, S Lominadze, D Saari, J Lentsch, A TI Copper deficiency increases lung and heart ICAM-1 expression during endotoxemia SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Louisville, Hlth Sci Ctr, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A990 EP A990 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901471 ER PT J AU Shang, F Deng, GJ Nowell, TR Taylor, A AF Shang, F Deng, GJ Nowell, TR Taylor, A TI K6-modified ubiquitin blocks proteasome binding and inhibits ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1195 EP A1195 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593902600 ER PT J AU Sterba, KM Blevins, JS Raney, KD Smeltzer, MS Hurlburt, BK AF Sterba, KM Blevins, JS Raney, KD Smeltzer, MS Hurlburt, BK TI The structure-function relationship of the SarA-agr interaction contributing to virulence in Staphylococcus aureus SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. USDA, New Orleans, LA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A923 EP A923 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901097 ER PT J AU Trujillo, ME Greenberg, AS Brolin, RE Fried, SK AF Trujillo, ME Greenberg, AS Brolin, RE Fried, SK TI TNF alpha and IL6 increase leptin expression in cultured human adipose tissue. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Trujillo, Martha/L-1763-2014 OI Trujillo, Martha/0000-0002-9193-1673 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1016 EP A1017 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901609 ER PT J AU Valaitis, AP AF Valaitis, AP TI Oligomerization of bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A toxins is triggered by binding to the gypsy moth midgut receptor. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Delaware, OH 43015 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A928 EP A929 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901128 ER PT J AU Verghese, M Anderson, A Chawan, CB Walker, LT Shackleford, L Rao, DR AF Verghese, M Anderson, A Chawan, CB Walker, LT Shackleford, L Rao, DR TI Inhibitory effect of dietary lycopene on Azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci in rats is enhanced by fat level. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Food & Anim Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. USDA CSREES PAS, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1005 EP A1005 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901549 ER PT J AU Verghese, M Rao, DR Chawan, CB Shackleford, L Van Loo, J AF Verghese, M Rao, DR Chawan, CB Shackleford, L Van Loo, J TI Susceptibility of adult rats to azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Food & Anim Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. USDA, CSREES, PAS, Washington, DC 20024 USA. ORAFTI, B-3300 Tienen, Belgium. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1001 EP A1002 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901528 ER PT J AU Woodhouse, LR Zapata, CLV King, JC Donangelo, CM AF Woodhouse, LR Zapata, CLV King, JC Donangelo, CM TI Fractional zinc absorption (FZA) during pregnancy (PG) and lactation (LC): A longitudinal study in Brazilian women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, WHNRC, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A975 EP A975 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901387 ER PT J AU Wu, XL Gu, L Prior, RL AF Wu, XL Gu, L Prior, RL TI Absorption/metabolism of anthocyanins in human subjects following consumption of blueberry or elderberry SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A1009 EP A1009 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901571 ER PT J AU Yokoi, K Egger, NG Ramanujam, VMS Alcock, NW Dayal, HH Penland, JG Sandstead, HH AF Yokoi, K Egger, NG Ramanujam, VMS Alcock, NW Dayal, HH Penland, JG Sandstead, HH TI Relationships between plasma zinc and zinc kinetic parameters in premenopausal women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Seitoku Univ, Chiba 2718555, Japan. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A975 EP A975 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901385 ER PT J AU Zubik, L Meydani, M Mayer, J AF Zubik, L Meydani, M Mayer, J TI Bioavailability of soybean isoflavones from aglycone (AGL) and glucoside (GLU) forms in American women. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 5 BP A980 EP A980 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 534PC UT WOS:000174593901416 ER PT J AU Carlson, SA Stoffregen, WC Bolin, SR AF Carlson, SA Stoffregen, WC Bolin, SR TI Abomasitis associated with multiple antibiotic resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phagetype DT104 SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enterica; abomasitis; antibiotic resistance ID INFECTION AB Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium phagetype DT104 is a multiple antibiotic resistant pathogen that has been purported to be more pathogenic than other Salmonella. In this study, we evaluated the possibility that DT104 is the causative agent of veal calf abomasitis observed in four independent outbreaks of salmonellosis. This study was undertaken to determine if the outbreaks might be due to hypervirulent S. enterica serotype Typhimurium phagetype DT104 (DT104) since Salmonella does not usually cause abomasitis. Tissues and fluids from these calves were subjected to bacteriologic culture. Pure Salmonella cultures were then used in bovine challenge experiments. DT104 was identified as the causative agent of abomasitis in calves. Thus, abomasitis is a potential indicator of infection with multiple antibiotic resistant DT104 and adds credence to the apparent hypervirulence of this pathogen. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety Enter Dis Res, Ames, IA 50010 USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Virus & Prion Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Carlson, SA (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Preharvest Food Safety Enter Dis Res, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD MAR 22 PY 2002 VL 85 IS 3 BP 233 EP 240 AR PII S0378-1135(01)00508-9 DI 10.1016/S0378-1135(01)00508-9 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 527AX UT WOS:000174163500004 PM 11852190 ER PT J AU Ahuja, JKC Gebhardt, SE Perloff, BP AF Ahuja, JKC Gebhardt, SE Perloff, BP TI New challenges for the national survey nutrient database SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A656 EP A657 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603646 ER PT J AU Aldini, G Yeum, KJ Krinsky, NI Russell, RM AF Aldini, G Yeum, KJ Krinsky, NI Russell, RM TI (-)-Epigallocatechin-(3)-gallate spares plasma lipid-soluble antioxidants, recycles vitamin E and prevents oxidative damage of both aqueous and lipid compartments in plasma. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Milan, Ist Chim Farmaceut Tossicol, I-20122 Milan, Italy. Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A243 EP A243 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601348 ER PT J AU Baer, DJ Judd, JT Tracy, R Campbell, WS Brown, E Taylor, PR AF Baer, DJ Judd, JT Tracy, R Campbell, WS Brown, E Taylor, PR TI Antinflammatory and profibrinolytic effects of moderate alcohol consumption by postmenopausal women SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. Univ Vermont, Colchester, VT USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A239 EP A239 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601327 ER PT J AU Bassaganya-Riera, J Hontecillas, R Zimmerman, DR Hutto, DL Ahn, DU Wannemuehler, MJ AF Bassaganya-Riera, J Hontecillas, R Zimmerman, DR Hutto, DL Ahn, DU Wannemuehler, MJ TI Nutritional regulation of bacteria-induced colitis by conjugated linoleic acid SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Iowa State Univ, Vet Med Res Inst, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA USA. USDA, APHIS, Ames, IA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A26 EP A26 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533600143 ER PT J AU Behall, KM Scholfield, DJ Hallfrisch, JG AF Behall, KM Scholfield, DJ Hallfrisch, JG TI Effect of two levels of soluble fiber from barley on plasma lipids of moderately hypercholesterolemic men. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, BHNRC, DHPL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A609 EP A609 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603385 ER PT J AU Burrin, D Lu, XF Denis, B Stoll, B Baracos, V AF Burrin, D Lu, XF Denis, B Stoll, B Baracos, V TI Intestinal expression of matrix-metalloproteinases are differentially upregulated in TPN versus enterally fed neonatal piglets SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutr Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A255 EP A255 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601410 ER PT J AU Bush, JA Kimball, SR Nguyen, HV Suryawan, A O'Connor, PMJ Reeds, PJ Davis, TA AF Bush, JA Kimball, SR Nguyen, HV Suryawan, A O'Connor, PMJ Reeds, PJ Davis, TA TI Regulation of protein synthesis in muscle and liver of fasted and fed somatotropin-treated pigs SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A236 EP A236 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601309 ER PT J AU Casey, P Horton, J Bogle, M Fomby, B Forsythe, W Goolsby, S Gossett, J Hyman, E Kramer, T Lovejoy, J Rasco, M Robbins, J Simons, W AF Casey, P Horton, J Bogle, M Fomby, B Forsythe, W Goolsby, S Gossett, J Hyman, E Kramer, T Lovejoy, J Rasco, M Robbins, J Simons, W TI Self-reported health status of residents of the lower Mississippi Delta of Arkansas, Louisiana and Mississippi SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, SPA, Delta Nutr Intervent Res Consortium, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A233 EP A233 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601294 ER PT J AU Castaneda, C Layne, JE Patricia, GL Thanhthao, H Mona, F Joseph, W Leda, MO Ronenn, R Miriam, NE AF Castaneda, C Layne, JE Patricia, GL Thanhthao, H Mona, F Joseph, W Leda, MO Ronenn, R Miriam, NE TI Skeletal muscle hypertrophy in poorly controlled Hispanic older adults with type 2 diabetes in response to progressive resistance exercise training SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Ex Phys & Sarcopenia Lab, JM USDA HNRC, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A24 EP A24 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533600130 ER PT J AU Champagne, CM Bogle, ML Weber, JL Horton, JA Yadrick, K Simpson, P Allen, HR Gossett, J Simon, W Idris, R Kramer, TR McGee, BB AF Champagne, CM Bogle, ML Weber, JL Horton, JA Yadrick, K Simpson, P Allen, HR Gossett, J Simon, W Idris, R Kramer, TR McGee, BB TI Nutrient intakes in the Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD) population: The FOODS 2000 study. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Little Rock, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A228 EP A228 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601261 ER PT J AU Cheng, NZ Cheng, NP Zhang, XL Chen, YDI Stoecker, BJ Anderson, RA AF Cheng, NZ Cheng, NP Zhang, XL Chen, YDI Stoecker, BJ Anderson, RA TI Hypoglycemic effects of cinnamon, heshouwu & mushroom extracts in type 2 diabetes mellitus SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tang An Hlth Ctr, Beijing 1, Peoples R China. RP Gen Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China. 301 Gen Hosp, Beijing, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A647 EP A647 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603594 ER PT J AU Chung, CS Nagey, DA Veillon, C Patterson, KY Kristen, S Jackson, RT Moser-Veillon, PB AF Chung, CS Nagey, DA Veillon, C Patterson, KY Kristen, S Jackson, RT Moser-Veillon, PB TI Fractional zinc absorption (FZA) in lactating women as measured in breast milk compared to urine SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, NRFL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A651 EP A651 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603618 ER PT J AU Chung, HY Wu, DY Gay, R Han, SN Goldin, B Bronson, R Mason, J Smith, D Meydani, SN AF Chung, HY Wu, DY Gay, R Han, SN Goldin, B Bronson, R Mason, J Smith, D Meydani, SN TI Effect of age and vitamin E (E) on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon cancer and weight loss in C57BL/6 mice. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A373 EP A373 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533602064 ER PT J AU Davis, CD Johnson, WT AF Davis, CD Johnson, WT TI Low dietary copper (Cu) but not low dietary zinc (Zn) affects protein kinase C alpha (PKC) expression in rat colon and dimethylhydrazine-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formation SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A374 EP A375 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533602073 ER PT J AU Dawson, HD Beshah, E Nishii, S Lunney, JK Urban, JF AF Dawson, HD Beshah, E Nishii, S Lunney, JK Urban, JF TI Development of real-time RT-PCR assays for porcine cytokine gene expression SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RI Dawson, Harry/H-8242-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A679 EP A679 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603770 ER PT J AU Diwadkar-Navsariwala, V Novotny, JA Gustin, DM Sosman, JA Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, M Murray, JL Tiller, PA Bowen, PE AF Diwadkar-Navsariwala, V Novotny, JA Gustin, DM Sosman, JA Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, M Murray, JL Tiller, PA Bowen, PE TI Compartmental analysis of the dynamics of lycopene metabolism in healthy men SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. USDA, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A603 EP A603 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603352 ER PT J AU Dopler-Nelson, MJ Burri, BJ AF Dopler-Nelson, MJ Burri, BJ TI Dietary intake in the spinal cord injured patient SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A252 EP A252 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601395 ER PT J AU Ekkens, M Liu, Q Liu, ZG Pesce, J Whitmire, J Foster, A Vannoy, J Sharpe, AH Urban, JF Gause, WC AF Ekkens, M Liu, Q Liu, ZG Pesce, J Whitmire, J Foster, A Vannoy, J Sharpe, AH Urban, JF Gause, WC TI B7-1/B7-2(-/-) BALB/c mice are able to develop a host protective secondary immune response to Heligmosomoides polygyrus in the absence of a primary immune response. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. USDA, BHNRC, NRFL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A678 EP A678 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603765 ER PT J AU Etcheverry, P Wallingford, JC Miller, DD Glahn, RP AF Etcheverry, P Wallingford, JC Miller, DD Glahn, RP TI Bioavailability of calcium, zinc and iron from a commercial human milk fortifier using an in-vitro digestion-Caco2 cell culture model. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Wyeth Ayerst Pharmaceut, Philadelphia, PA USA. USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A273 EP A273 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601509 ER PT J AU Ferreira, ALD Rocha, NS Tang, GW Yeum, KJ Qin, J Russell, RM Krinsky, NI Matsubara, LS Matsubara, BB AF Ferreira, ALD Rocha, NS Tang, GW Yeum, KJ Qin, J Russell, RM Krinsky, NI Matsubara, LS Matsubara, BB TI Effect of lycopene on adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Unesp, Fac Med, Clin Med, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA HNRC Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A628 EP A628 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603487 ER PT J AU Fish, WW AF Fish, WW TI He isolation and characterization of cantaloupe fruit polygalactruouase-inhibiting protein. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A156 EP A156 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533600867 ER PT J AU Fleming, SD Shea-Donohue, T Guthridge, J Kulik, L Gibson, MG Tsokos, GC Holers, VM AF Fleming, SD Shea-Donohue, T Guthridge, J Kulik, L Gibson, MG Tsokos, GC Holers, VM TI Complement Receptor-Induced Sensors of Ischemia (CRISIS) antibodies are a tissue injury-mediating subset of the natural antibody repertoire SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A721 EP A721 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533604001 ER PT J AU Forsythe, WA Yadrick, K Champagne, C Stuff, J Bogle, ML Tucker, K Connell, C Mitra, A Lofton, K AF Forsythe, WA Yadrick, K Champagne, C Stuff, J Bogle, ML Tucker, K Connell, C Mitra, A Lofton, K TI Comparison of nutrient intakes in African-American children as determined by multiple 24 hour recalls and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ So Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39401 USA. Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA USA. USDA, Childrens Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. USDA ARS, Delta NIRI, Little Rock, AR USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A660 EP A660 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603666 ER PT J AU Gertz, E Stawasz, L Tengonciang, M Bonnel, E Woodhouse, L Van Loan, M AF Gertz, E Stawasz, L Tengonciang, M Bonnel, E Woodhouse, L Van Loan, M TI Variation in markers of bone metabolism SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A225 EP A225 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601246 ER PT J AU Gordon, PL Vannier, E Hamada, K Witsell, A Hurley, BF Roubenoff, R Castaneda, C AF Gordon, PL Vannier, E Hamada, K Witsell, A Hurley, BF Roubenoff, R Castaneda, C TI Elevated cytokine gene expression in skeletal muscle of Hispanic elders with type 2 diabetes SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Exercise Physiol & Sarcopenia Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A396 EP A396 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533602196 ER PT J AU Guan, XF Stoll, B Lu, XF Burrin, D AF Guan, XF Stoll, B Lu, XF Burrin, D TI Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) acutely increases intestinal protein anabolism in parenterally fed neonatal pigs SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A235 EP A235 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601302 ER PT J AU Hallfrisch, J Scholfield, DJ Behall, KM AF Hallfrisch, J Scholfield, DJ Behall, KM TI Increasing whole grain foods (barley or wheat & rice) in a step 1 diet lowers blood pressure in moderately hypercholesterolemic men. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A655 EP A655 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603638 ER PT J AU Han, SN Wu, Y Smith, DE Bender, BS Meydani, SN AF Han, SN Wu, Y Smith, DE Bender, BS Meydani, SN TI Reduction of susceptibility to influenza infection in old mice following vitamin E (E) supplementation is not mediated through a change in viral virulence SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Med, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, VA Med Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A225 EP A225 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601247 ER PT J AU Hiza, H Welch, C AF Hiza, H Welch, C TI Dietary fiber intake and health indicators in adult females SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A254 EP A254 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601402 ER PT J AU Hunt, JR Zeng, HW AF Hunt, JR Zeng, HW TI Heme and nonheme iron absorption by humans with the C282Y and H63D HFE mutations associated with hemochromatosis SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A22 EP A23 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533600124 ER PT J AU Juan, WY AF Juan, WY TI Nutrition awareness, attitudes, and beliefs associated with low-fat or low-cholesterol dietary adherence among adults with high blood cholesterol, heart disease, or stroke SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A638 EP A638 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603542 ER PT J AU Judd, JT Davies, MJ Baer, DJ Chen, SC Wiseman, S Agarwal, S AF Judd, JT Davies, MJ Baer, DJ Chen, SC Wiseman, S Agarwal, S TI Black tea consumption reduces total and LDL cholesterol in mildly hypercholesterolemic adults SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. Unilever Best Food NA, Englewood Cliffs, NJ USA. Unilever Res Labs, Vlaardingen, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A238 EP A239 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601322 ER PT J AU Kansagra, KV Stoll, B Rognerud, C Guan, XF Ou, CN Harvey, R Burrin, D AF Kansagra, KV Stoll, B Rognerud, C Guan, XF Ou, CN Harvey, R Burrin, D TI Intestinal permeability but not bacterial translocation is increased in TPN versus enterally fed neonatal pigs SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas A&M Univ, USDA ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A25 EP A25 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533600140 ER PT J AU Kaufer-Horwitz, M Bermudez, OI Valdes-Ramos, R Anderson, AS Solomons, NW AF Kaufer-Horwitz, M Bermudez, OI Valdes-Ramos, R Anderson, AS Solomons, NW TI Variant emblems derived from national Dietary Guidelines: Are they helpful or confusing? SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Inst Nacl Perinatol, Subdirecc Invest Salud Publ, Mexico City 11000, DF, Mexico. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. Ctr Studies Sensory Impairment Aging & Metab, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RI Kaufer-Horwitz, Martha/A-3789-2015 OI Kaufer-Horwitz, Martha/0000-0003-3489-6899 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A652 EP A652 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603621 ER PT J AU Klemcke, HG AF Klemcke, HG TI Absence of evidence for a relationship in female pigs between in vivo neonatal cortisol response to ACTH and their adult reproductive ability. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A395 EP A395 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533602187 ER PT J AU Klevay, LM AF Klevay, LM TI Copper deficiency increases serum amyloid A in adult mice SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A374 EP A374 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533602071 ER PT J AU Knight, EM Kessee, L Scholfield, D Habib, S Hallfrisch, J Bailey, UJ West, WL AF Knight, EM Kessee, L Scholfield, D Habib, S Hallfrisch, J Bailey, UJ West, WL TI Plasma homocysteine concentrations in diabetic and non-diabetic African American subjects SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Howard Univ, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Howard Univ, CDAR, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A257 EP A257 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601422 ER PT J AU Lee, JW Zhao, X Paape, M AF Lee, JW Zhao, X Paape, M TI Elevated soluble CD14 in bovine milk after intramammary challenge with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 McGill Univ, St Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. USDA, IDRL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Zhao, Xin/M-4312-2015 OI Zhao, Xin/0000-0002-1078-7332 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A720 EP A720 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603999 ER PT J AU Liu, LP Zubik, L Marko, MG Collins, FW Meydani, M AF Liu, LP Zubik, L Marko, MG Collins, FW Meydani, M TI The antiatherogenic and anti-inflammatory potential of oat phenolics. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RI Liu, Liping/D-3663-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A223 EP A223 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601236 ER PT J AU Lukaski, HC Siders, WA AF Lukaski, HC Siders, WA TI Comparison of regional bioelectrical impedance (BI) devices to assess whole-body fatness (BF) in adults. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A229 EP A229 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601270 ER PT J AU Maleki, SJ Hortense, D AF Maleki, SJ Hortense, D TI The changes in structure and function of peanut allergens after roasting SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, FPSQ, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Alabama A&M Univ, Normal, AL 35762 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A551 EP A551 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603063 ER PT J AU McCrory, MA Hajduk, CL Roberts, SB AF McCrory, MA Hajduk, CL Roberts, SB TI Dietary variety within food groups, not dietary fat, predicts BMI: an analysis using US national survey data. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Energy Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A368 EP A369 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533602040 ER PT J AU Meydani, M Leka, LL Nguyen, N Dallal, GE Hamer, DH Meydani, SN AF Meydani, M Leka, LL Nguyen, N Dallal, GE Hamer, DH Meydani, SN TI Effect of long-term vitamin E (E) supplementation on loin density lipoprotein (LDL) susceptibility to oxidation and plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in elderly nursing home residence. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A374 EP A374 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533602069 ER PT J AU Miller, KB Newman, S Caton, JS Finley, JW AF Miller, KB Newman, S Caton, JS Finley, JW TI High dietary manganese in ultrastructural cardiac myopathy SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A241 EP A242 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601338 ER PT J AU Moeller, SM Jacques, PF Chylack, LT Tucker, KL Hankinson, SE Willett, WC Taylor, A AF Moeller, SM Jacques, PF Chylack, LT Tucker, KL Hankinson, SE Willett, WC Taylor, A TI Adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and age-related nuclear lens opacities SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A375 EP A375 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533602077 ER PT J AU Moshfegh, AJ Goldman, J Cleveland, L AF Moshfegh, AJ Goldman, J Cleveland, L TI How has the American diet changed over the past two decades SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A227 EP A227 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601256 ER PT J AU Mukherjea, R Lang, KE Moser-Veillon, PB King, JC AF Mukherjea, R Lang, KE Moser-Veillon, PB King, JC TI Effect of dietary carbohydrate and fat on circulating leptin during lactation. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A662 EP A662 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603676 ER PT J AU O'Connor, PMJ Kimball, SR Suryawan, A Bush, JA Nguyen, HV Davis, TA AF O'Connor, PMJ Kimball, SR Suryawan, A Bush, JA Nguyen, HV Davis, TA TI Role of amino acids and insulin in the regulation of liver protein synthesis in neonates. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Sectn Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Penn State Univ, Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Coll Med, Dept Cell Mol Physiol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A235 EP A235 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601305 ER PT J AU Obin, M Lee, B Thulin, C Bohm, A Lee, RH Willardson, BM Taylor, A AF Obin, M Lee, B Thulin, C Bohm, A Lee, RH Willardson, BM Taylor, A TI Transducin(T)beta gamma ubiquitination: Roles of ubiquitin (Ub)-conjugating enzyme (Ubc)H5 and phosducin (Pd). SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Boston Biomed Res Inst, Watertown, MA USA. Jules Stein Eye Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A196 EP A196 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601092 ER PT J AU Orellana, RA O'Connor, PMJ Nguyen, HV Bush, JA Thivierge, C Suryawan, A Fiorotto, ML Davis, TA AF Orellana, RA O'Connor, PMJ Nguyen, HV Bush, JA Thivierge, C Suryawan, A Fiorotto, ML Davis, TA TI Muscle protein synthesis is moderately reduced in early neonatal endotoxemia. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr,Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A235 EP A236 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601306 ER PT J AU Paeratakul, S Kennedy, B Champagne, C Bogle, M McGee, B Johnson, G Forsythe, W Deyhim, F AF Paeratakul, S Kennedy, B Champagne, C Bogle, M McGee, B Johnson, G Forsythe, W Deyhim, F TI Results from a church-based weight control study: the Shiloh Health Obedience Program SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Pennington Biomed Res Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. USDA ARS, Little Rock, AR USA. Southern Univ, Baton Rouge, LA USA. A&M Coll, Baton Rouge, LA USA. Univ So Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Univ Arkansas Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A611 EP A611 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603396 ER PT J AU Park, YS Liu, C Chongviriyaphan, N Chavez, PRG Smith, DE Russell, RM Wang, XD AF Park, YS Liu, C Chongviriyaphan, N Chavez, PRG Smith, DE Russell, RM Wang, XD TI beta-carotene supplementation in the presence of alpha-tocopherol and vitamin C maintains gastric mucosal integrity of ferrets exposed to tobacco smoke. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Shinheung Coll, Eujungbu Si 480854, Kyunggi Do, South Korea. Tufts Univ, USDA HNRC, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A628 EP A628 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603488 ER PT J AU Phillippy, BQ Bland, JM Evens, TJ AF Phillippy, BQ Bland, JM Evens, TJ TI Analysis of phytate in potatoes by high performance ion chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A654 EP A654 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603631 ER PT J AU Pratt, CA Basiotis, P AF Pratt, CA Basiotis, P TI Predictors of diet quality between obese and normal weight individuals with or without hypertension SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NHLBI, DECA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy, Alexandria, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A638 EP A638 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603545 ER PT J AU Sgambat, KL Chung, C Douglass, L Nagey, D Jackson, R Bryden, N Patterson, K Veillon, C Moser-Veillon, P AF Sgambat, KL Chung, C Douglass, L Nagey, D Jackson, R Bryden, N Patterson, K Veillon, C Moser-Veillon, P TI The effect of iron supplementation on urinary zinc excretion during early lactation. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A651 EP A651 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603616 ER PT J AU Shao, QM Keagy, P Yokoyama, W Kahlon, T Hudson, C Wood, D AF Shao, QM Keagy, P Yokoyama, W Kahlon, T Hudson, C Wood, D TI Psyllium, a viscous soluble dietary fiber, averts insulin resistance in high fat fed rats. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, PFR, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A630 EP A631 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603503 ER PT J AU Simpson, PN Gossett, J Hall, RA Bogle, M Weber, JL Casey, P AF Simpson, PN Gossett, J Hall, RA Bogle, M Weber, JL Casey, P TI Multivariate analysis of food sufficiency, health, and nutrition factors from the CSFII 1994-1996 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Delta Nutr Intervent Res Consortium, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. USDA ARS, SPA, Delta Nutr Intervent Res Consortium, Little Rock, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A27 EP A27 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533600149 ER PT J AU Solomon, MB Brierley, P Eastridge, J Pursel, V Mitchell, A AF Solomon, MB Brierley, P Eastridge, J Pursel, V Mitchell, A TI Expression of an IGF-I transgene, dietary conjugated linoleic acid and sex type on longissimus muscle morphology in pigs. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, FTSL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, GEML, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, GBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A618 EP A618 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603434 ER PT J AU Staggs, C Bogle, M Mock, D AF Staggs, C Bogle, M Mock, D TI Biotin intake and excretion for children in Arkansas SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. USDA ARS, Delta Nutr Intervent Res Consortium, SPA, Little Rock, AR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A614 EP A614 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603413 ER PT J AU Stoll, B Guan, XF Holst, J Hartmann, B Burrin, D AF Stoll, B Guan, XF Holst, J Hartmann, B Burrin, D TI Intestinal trophic actions of glucagon-like peptide-2 are not antagonized by dexamethasone in TPN-fed piglets. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Panum Inst, Dept Med Physiol, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A235 EP A235 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601303 ER PT J AU Suryawan, A Davis, TA AF Suryawan, A Davis, TA TI Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) activation is developmentally regulated in muscle of neonatal pigs SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A229 EP A229 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601267 ER PT J AU Taylor, A Jacques, P Hankinson, S Willett, W Rogers, G Moeller, S Lu, MY Tung, W Chylack, L AF Taylor, A Jacques, P Hankinson, S Willett, W Rogers, G Moeller, S Lu, MY Tung, W Chylack, L TI Progress of early nuclear opacities during 5 years in relation to vitamin supplement use. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A375 EP A375 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533602078 ER PT J AU Urban, JF Smith, AD Levander, OA AF Urban, JF Smith, AD Levander, OA TI Vitamin E (VE) and selenium (Se) deficiencies selectively increase susceptibility to gastrointestinal (GI) nematode parasites. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, BHNRC, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A225 EP A225 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601248 ER PT J AU Uthus, EO AF Uthus, EO TI Arsenic deprivation in rats is affected by vitamin B12 status SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A270 EP A270 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601496 ER PT J AU Walsmith, J Lundgren, N Dolnikowski, G Roberts, S Roubenoff, R AF Walsmith, J Lundgren, N Dolnikowski, G Roberts, S Roubenoff, R TI A high ratio of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) to interleukin-1-receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) is associated with less sleep and higher physical activity in rheumatoid arthritis: A doubly labeled water (DLW) study. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, NEPS Lab, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Mass Spectrometry Lab, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Energy Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A26 EP A26 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533600144 ER PT J AU Wang, YW Jones, PJH Ausman, LM Lichtenstein, AH AF Wang, YW Jones, PJH Ausman, LM Lichtenstein, AH TI Effect of soy protein versus animal protein with and without isoflavones on cholesterol (C) and triglyceride fatty acid (TGFA) biosynthesis in hyperlipidemia SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 McGill Univ, Sch Dietet & Human Nutr, St Anne De Bellevue, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A610 EP A610 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603392 ER PT J AU Warren, JM Simon, VA Bartolini, G Erickson, KL Kelley, DS AF Warren, JM Simon, VA Bartolini, G Erickson, KL Kelley, DS TI Differential transcript levels in mice fed highly pure CLA isomers SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Cell Biol & Human Anat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A263 EP A264 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601457 ER PT J AU Weinstein, SJ Gerrior, SA AF Weinstein, SJ Gerrior, SA TI Relationship between healthy eating index (HEI) scores and blood micronutrient levels in NHANES III SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A227 EP A228 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601260 ER PT J AU Wood, RJ Taparia, S Tchack, L AF Wood, RJ Taparia, S Tchack, L TI Differential effects of 17-beta-estradiol and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D on CaT1 and calbindin D gene expression and transepithelial calcium transport in Caco-2 cells. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A462 EP A462 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533602559 ER PT J AU Wood, RJ Tchack, L Angelo, G Pratt, RE Sonna, LA AF Wood, RJ Tchack, L Angelo, G Pratt, RE Sonna, LA TI Gene chip array analysis of vitamin D-induced changes in gene expression in human enterocytes. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USA, Environm Med Res Inst, Natick, MA 01760 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A372 EP A372 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533602059 ER PT J AU Wortley, G Leusner, S Good, C Gugger, E Korb, K Glahn, RP AF Wortley, G Leusner, S Good, C Gugger, E Korb, K Glahn, RP TI Iron bioavailability of fortified cereals: A comparison of 14 Fe forms using an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 model SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Bell Inst Hlth & Nutr, General Mills, MN USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A641 EP A641 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603559 ER PT J AU Wu, DY Claycombe, KJ Nikolova-Karakashian, M Palmer, H Beharka, A Paulson, E Meydani, SN AF Wu, DY Claycombe, KJ Nikolova-Karakashian, M Palmer, H Beharka, A Paulson, E Meydani, SN TI Ceramide mediates age-associated increase in macrophage (M phi) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA HNRCA, Nutr Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Genet Inst Inc, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A619 EP A619 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603440 ER PT J AU Yamada, T Vannier, E Teutsch, A Smith, D Hamada, K Hartman, W AF Yamada, T Vannier, E Teutsch, A Smith, D Hamada, K Hartman, W TI A low protein diet modulates cytokine gene expression in skeletal muscles of rats performing physical activity (PA) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, NEPS Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Ntr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A265 EP A265 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601466 ER PT J AU Yamini, S Weinstein, S Carlson, A Hiza, H AF Yamini, S Weinstein, S Carlson, A Hiza, H TI Association of supplement use and selected biochemical indicators in children (2-16 yrs) participating in NHANES III SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A658 EP A658 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603656 ER PT J AU Yeum, KJ Aldini, G Krinsky, NI Russell, RM AF Yeum, KJ Aldini, G Krinsky, NI Russell, RM TI Dietary modification of antioxidant capacity in the lipid compartment of serum SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Milan, Ist Chim Farmaceut Tossicol, I-20122 Milan, Italy. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A603 EP A603 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533603353 ER PT J AU Zeng, HW AF Zeng, HW TI The molecular basis of selenite/seleno-methionine at physiological concentrations in promotion of HL-60 cell cycle progression. SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 20 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 4 BP A264 EP A264 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 533MG UT WOS:000174533601460 ER PT J AU Rychlik, JL Russell, JB AF Rychlik, JL Russell, JB TI The adaptation and resistance of Clostridium aminophilum F to the butyrivibriocin-like substance of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens JL5 and monensin SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE rumen; ammonia production; bacteriocin; monensin; resistance ID GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; STREPTOCOCCUS-BOVIS; AMMONIA PRODUCTION; RUMINAL BACTERIUM; RUMEN; DEAMINATION; TRANSPORT; NISIN AB When the amino acid-fermenting bacterium Clostridium aminophilum F was inoculated into media containing 1 muM monensin or a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) from Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens JL5, the cultures lagged and growth was not observed for more than 12 h. The monensin- and BLIS-treated cultures eventually grew rapidly and did not lag a second time. Because cross-resistance could not be demonstrated, it appeared that the adaptation was specific. Non-adapted cells that were incubated with monensin lost their ability to produce ammonia from amino acids, and ATP, intracellular potassium, and electrical potential (DeltaPsi) were lower than untreated cells. Monensin-adapted cells regained their ability to produce ammonia, and intracellular potassium and DeltaPsi increased, but ATP was still 40% lower than untreated cells. When non-adapted cells were treated with the BLIS, ammonia production did not decline. Non-adapted cells were agglutinated by lysozyme, but in each case, adapted cells were not agglutinated. Adapted cells had more cellular polysaccharide and bound less of either inhibitor. Based on these results, it appears that the adapted cells had altered cell wall characteristics that prevented the binding of either monensin or the B. fibrisolvens JL5 BLIS. (C) 2002 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD MAR 19 PY 2002 VL 209 IS 1 BP 93 EP 98 AR PII S0378-1097(02)00510-4 DI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2002.tb11115.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 552FV UT WOS:000175609500015 PM 12007660 ER PT J AU Jarvinen, JA Miller, JA Oehler, DD AF Jarvinen, JA Miller, JA Oehler, DD TI Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in llamas (Lama glama) SO VETERINARY RECORD LA English DT Article ID INJECTABLE MICROSPHERES; CATTLE; DISPOSITION; SHEEP AB The pharmacokinetic behaviour of ivermectin was investigated in adult llamas (Lama glama) by using high performance liquid chromatography with a lower limit of quantification of 2 ng/ml to measure its concentration in serum. Llamas were treated with one of three commercial formulations (injectable, pour-on or oral paste) at dosages recommended by the manufacturer, or with an experimental injectable sustained-release formulation. in five llamas given 1 per cent ivermectin subcutaneously at 200 mug/kg, the median peak serum concentration (C-max) was 3 ng/ml and the area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) was 13-5 ng.day/ml. in six llamas treated topically with 0.5 per cent ivermectin pour-on at 500 mug/kg, C-max was 2.5 ng/ml or less and the AUC was 7.75 ng.day/ml or less. in seven llamas with measurable concentrations of ivermectin, the median times to peak serum concentration (t(max)) were six days after subcutaneous injection and seven days after treatment with the pour-on formulation. in six llamas, the serum concentration of ivermectin remained less than 2 ng/ml for 124 hours after treatment with a 1.87 per cent oral paste at 200 mug/kg. In five llamas treated subcutaneously with 25 per cent ivermectin sustained-release microspheres at 1500 mug/kg the median C-max was 5 ng/ml and the median AUC was 224 ng.day/ml. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. RP Jarvinen, JA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC PI LONDON PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON W1M 0AT, ENGLAND SN 0042-4900 J9 VET REC JI Vet. Rec. PD MAR 16 PY 2002 VL 150 IS 11 BP 344 EP 346 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 540GH UT WOS:000174920800009 PM 11936884 ER PT J AU Strom, BL Goyer, RA Ingram, LL Boyd, GDL Lott, LH AF Strom, BL Goyer, RA Ingram, LL Boyd, GDL Lott, LH TI Oleoresin characteristics of progeny of loblolly pines that escaped attack by the southern pine beetle SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Pinus taeda; Dendroctonus frontalis; host resistance; oleoresin flow; oleoresin chemistry ID MONOTERPENE COMPOSITION; RESIN FLOW; SCOLYTIDAE; COLEOPTERA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DENDROCTONUS; RESISTANCE; SYSTEMS; FUNGI; SLASH AB Oleoresin characteristics of first-generation (F-1) progeny of loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) that escaped mortality from the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), despite heavy mortality of neighbors, were evaluated and compared to trees from a general (i.e., trees produced from bulk seed sources) population over the course of two and a half years in southcentral Mississippi (USA). Trees were 21-25 years old and growing in a common-garden type planting when sampled. The relative concentrations of five monoterpenes, five resin acids, and one phenylpropanoid were determined from oleoresin collected on five dates over 18 months. Multivariate analysis of variance showed that the concentration of 11 oleoresin chemical components did not differ between trees from escape and general populations (P > 0.619), providing evidence against the importance of this potential resistance factor. Univariate analyses on three individual resin constituents that were deemed important prior to the study-x-pinene, 4-allylanisole, and limonene-showed that only 4-allylanisole (P < 0.0339) varied significantly between populations; however, its concentration was higher in trees from the general population ((x) over bar = 1.4 vs. 0.9% of oleoresin weight), which does not support the hypothesis that higher concentrations of 4-allylanisole in oleoresin facilitated escape from D. frontalis attack. Oleoresin flow, on the other hand, was significantly higher in escape trees-averaging 1.65 times higher than general population trees over the course of 28 months (eight sampling times). This strongly supports the hypothesis that oleoresin flow can impact the host selection process of D. frontalis, and suggests that increased flow can improve survival under heavy pressure from D. frontalis. These results also may provide an indirect estimate of the magnitude of increase in flow necessary for producing a 'real world' impact on the outcome of the interaction between D. frontalis and a preferred host. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi Forest Prod Lab, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. Alcorn State Univ, Dept Agr, Alcorn State, MS 39096 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Insect Management Lab, So Inst Forest Genet, Saucier, MS 39574 USA. RP Strom, BL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Highway, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. EM bstrom01@fs.fed.us NR 49 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 EI 1872-7042 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 158 IS 1-3 BP 169 EP 178 AR PII S0378-1127(00)00710-6 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00710-6 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 535HY UT WOS:000174640200014 ER PT J AU Beharka, AA Wu, DY Serafini, M Meydani, SN AF Beharka, AA Wu, DY Serafini, M Meydani, SN TI Mechanism of vitamin E inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity in macrophages from old mice: Role of peroxynitrite SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE vitamin E; cyclooxygenase; macrophages; nitric oxide; aging; free radicals ID HEALTHY ELDERLY SUBJECTS; NITRIC-OXIDE; E SUPPLEMENTATION; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; INDUCIBLE CYCLOOXYGENASE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; SUPEROXIDE; SYNTHASE; AGE; EXPRESSION AB Vitamin E inhibits cyclooxygenase activity in macrophages from old mice by reducing peroxynitrite production. PGE(2) is a proinflammatory mediator that has been linked to a variety of age-associated diseases such as cancer, arthritis, and cardiovascular disease. Furthermore in the aged, increased cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-mediated PGE(2) production contributes to decline in T-cell-mediated function. Previously we reported that increased macrophage PGE(2) production in the aged is due to higher COX-2 activity and that supplementation with vitamin E significantly reduced the age-associated increase in macrophage PGE(2) production posttranslationally without changing COX-2 expression. Peroxynitrite, a product of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O-2(-)), increases the activity of COX without affecting its expression. Thus, we investigated if vitamin E inhibits COX activity through decreasing peroxynitrite formation. Macrophages from old mice had higher PGE(2) levels, COX activity, and NO levels than those from young mice, all of which were significantly reduced by vitamin E. When added individually, inhibitors of NO and O-2(-) did not significantly reduce COX activity; however, when the inhibitors were combined, COX activity was significantly reduced in macrophages from old mice fed 30 ppm vitamin E. Increasing NO levels alone using SNAP or O-2(-) levels, using X/XO, had no effect; however, increasing peroxynitrite levels using Sin-1 or X/XO + SNAP significantly increased COX activity in macrophages from old mice fed 500, but not those fed 30 ppm vitamin E. These data strongly suggest that peroxynitrite plays an important role in the vitamin E-induced inhibition of COX activity. These findings have important implications for designing interventions to reverse and/or delay age-associated dysregulation of immune and inflammatory responses and diseases associated with them. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutrit Immunol Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Norman Bethune Univ Med Sci, Dept Immunol, Changchun, Peoples R China. Tufts Univ, Sackler Sch Grad Biomed Sci, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, SN (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutrit Immunol Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 09140-07] NR 36 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 32 IS 6 BP 503 EP 511 AR PII S0891-5849(01)00817-6 DI 10.1016/S0891-5849(01)00817-6 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 530ZT UT WOS:000174390300003 PM 11958951 ER PT J AU Hassan, WN Cantuti-Castelevetri, I Denisova, NA Yee, AS Joseph, JA Paulson, KE AF Hassan, WN Cantuti-Castelevetri, I Denisova, NA Yee, AS Joseph, JA Paulson, KE TI The nitrone spin trap PBN alters the cellular response to H2O2: Activation of the EGF receptor/ERK pathway SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE free radicals; PC-12 cells; oxidative stress; calcium ID BUTYL-ALPHA-PHENYLNITRONE; PROTEIN-KINASE ACTIVATION; GINKGO-BILOBA EXTRACT; CALCIUM INFLUX; ANTIOXIDANT TREATMENT; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; MAP KINASE; COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE; COUPLED RECEPTORS AB The nitrone spin trap PBN has been shown to protect neuronal cells from reactive oxygen species both in culture and in vivo. As an approach to understanding the molecular mechanisms by which PBN may function to protect cells, we examined whether PBN alters the cellular response to reactive oxygen species. H2O2 stimulation of PC-12 cells results in weak activation of both the ERK and JNK signal transduction pathways. PBN pretreatment of PC-12 cells, followed by H2O2 stimulation, results in strong and selective activation of the pro-survival ERK pathway. H2O2 induction of ERK activity in PBN-pretreated cells was shown to be dependent on extracellular Ca+2 influx. Further analysis of the ERK pathway showed that in PBN-pretreated cells, EGF receptor and the adapter protein SHC were phosphorylated in a Ca+2-dependent, ligand-independent manner following H2O2 stimulation. Interestingly, H2O2 stimulation of PBN-pretreated cells results in only 30% of the increase in intracellular Ca+2 as compared to untreated cells following H2O2 stimulation. These data suggest a model in which PBN attenuates H2O2-induced Ca+2 entry, yet magnifies or alters Ca+2 action, resulting in the activation of the EGF receptor/ERK pathway. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USDA ARS, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Paulson, KE (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK 50442]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM 44634] NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 32 IS 6 BP 551 EP 561 AR PII S0891-5849(02)00744-X DI 10.1016/S0891-5849(02)00744-X PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 530ZT UT WOS:000174390300008 PM 11958956 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC Norton, LD AF Zhang, XC Norton, LD TI Effect of exchangeable Mg on saturated hydraulic conductivity, disaggregation and clay dispersion of disturbed soils SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydraulic conductivity; aggregate stability; clay dispersion; exchangeable Mg ID ELECTROLYTE CONCENTRATION; SODIC SOILS; MAGNESIUM; CALCIUM; WATER AB Different opinions exist regarding the specific effect of Mg on soil physical and chemical properties, We hypothesized that Mg2+, compared with Ca2+, reduces saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) via promoting clay swelling, disaggregation, and clay dispersion. Two soils (mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs) in packed soil columns were leached with either Ca- or Mg-containing solutions at the successive concentrations of 250, 10, 2, 0.5, and 0 mM. Critical flocculation concentration (CFC) in either Ca or Mg systems was determined with flocculation series tests. Aggregate stability and mean weight diameter (MWD) were assessed by wet-sieving. The CFCs were higher in Mg than in Ca for both soils, indicating that Mg is more dispersive than Ca. The MWDs measured using 1-2 mm aggregates of both soils were significantly larger for Ca-soils than for Mg-soils (P = 0.05). The K-sr (normalized with initial K-s) started to decline at higher concentrations for Mg than for Ca, and the reduction was much greater in Mg than in Ca above 0.5 mM. The K-sr and percent transmittance (inversely related to turbidity) of leachate at a given eluted pore volume following 'steady state' were higher in Ca than in Mg for both soils (P = 0.1), indicating lower permeability and more clay dispersion with the Mg treatment. Swelling and disaggregation, which reduced large pores, appeared to be the dominant process causing the rapid initial decline of K-sr Clay dispersion and subsequent pore plugging became progressively important when electrolyte concentration was reduced to below CFCs. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. Purdue Univ, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 26 TC 52 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 260 IS 1-4 BP 194 EP 205 AR PII S0022-1694(01)00612-6 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00612-6 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 527QM UT WOS:000174197900014 ER PT J AU Keen, JE Elder, RO AF Keen, JE Elder, RO TI Isolation of shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 from hide surfaces and the oral cavity of finished beef feedlot cattle SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium of the International-Society-of-Veterinary-Epidemiology-and-Economics (ISVEE) CY AUG 06-11, 2000 CL BRECKENRIDGE, CO SP Int Soc Vet Epidemiol & Econ ID MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAYS; MICROBIAL-CONTAMINATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CARCASSES; PREVALENCE; FECES AB Objective-To determine whether viable shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 could be isolated from hide surface locations and the oral cavity of finished beef feedlot cattle. Design-Within-animal prevalence distribution survey, Animals-139 finished cattle in 4 pens in a feedlot in Nebraska; prevalence of fecal STEC O157 shedding ranged from 20 to > 90%. Procedure-Samples were collected from 7 sites from each animal: feces, oral cavity, and 5 hide surface locations (lumbar region, ventral aspect of the neck, ventral abdominal midline [ventrum], dorsal thoracic midline [back], and distal aspect of the left hind limb [hock]). Results-Viable STEC O157 were isolated from the oral cavity or 1 or more hide surfaces of 130 cattle, including 50 fecal isolation-negative cattle. Site-specific prevalence of STEC O157 was 74,8% for oral cavity samples, 73,4% for back samples, 62,6% for neck samples, 60.4% for fecal samples, 54.0% for flank samples, 51.1 % for ventrum samples, and 41.0% for hock samples. Only 5 cattle tested negative for STEC O157 at all 7 sites. Multiple correspondence and cluster analyses demonstrated that bacterial culture of feces, oral cavity samples, and back samples detected most cattle with STEC O157. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results suggest that viable STEC 0 157 may be isolated from the oral cavity, multiple hide surfaces, and feces of a high percentage of fed beef cattle and that bacterial culture of feces alone generally underestimates the percentage of fed beef cattle from which STEC O157 can be isolated, C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Keen, JE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 28 TC 84 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 220 IS 6 BP 756 EP 763 DI 10.2460/javma.2002.220.756 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 532CH UT WOS:000174453700022 PM 11918269 ER PT J AU Funston, RN Ansotegui, RP Lipsey, RJ Geary, TW AF Funston, RN Ansotegui, RP Lipsey, RJ Geary, TW TI Synchronization of estrus in beef heifers using either melengesterol acetate (MGA)/prostaglandin or MGA/select Synch SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE estrous synchronization; GnRH; melengesterol acetate; heifers ID CATTLE; SYSTEM AB The objective of this study was to evaluate synchronization, conception, and pregnancy rates of yearling beef heifers synchronized with either the Select Synch protocol preceded by 7 days of MGA feeding (MGA/Select Synch) or the traditional MGA/PGF protocol. Heifers in the MGA/Select Synch group (n = 402) were fed MGA (0.5 mg/day/head) for 7 days, received an injection of GnRH (100 mug) the day following the last MGA feeding and an injection of PGF (25 mg) 7 days after GnRH. Heifers in the MGA/PGF group (n = 394) received MGA (0.5 mg/day/head) for 14 days, followed by an injection of PGF (25 mg) 17 days later. Synchronization rates tended (P = 0.08) to be higher for the MGA/Select Synch (82%) compared to the MGA/PGF (77%)-treated heifers. Conception and pregnancy rates to AI were similar (P > 0.10), 57 and 46% for the MGA/Select Synch heifers and 61 and 47% for the MGA/PGF heifers, respectively. Mean estrous response (h) was earlier (P < 0.05) for the MGA/Select Synch versus MGA/PGF treatment. 56 versus 61 h post-PGF treatment, respectively. In summary, short-term (7 days) MGA feeding preceding the Select Synch protocol produced similar synchronization. conception, and pregnancy rates as the traditional MGA/PGF protocol. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Amer Simmental Assoc, Bozeman, MT USA. USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Funston, RN (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD MAR 15 PY 2002 VL 57 IS 5 BP 1485 EP 1491 AR PII S0093-691X(02)00654-4 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(02)00654-4 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 555WP UT WOS:000175816500008 PM 12054206 ER PT J AU Datta, S Loyo-Rosales, JE Rice, CP AF Datta, S Loyo-Rosales, JE Rice, CP TI A simple method for the determination of trace levels of alkylphenolic compounds in fish tissue using pressurized fluid extraction, solid phase cleanup, and high-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence detection SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alkylphenol ethoxylates; nonylphenol; non-ionic surfactants; fish ID ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; BIOACCUMULATION; ETHOXYLATES; NONYLPHENOL; WATER AB A simple automated extraction method for the determination of alkylphenolic compounds in fish tissue is reported. Pressurized fluid extraction is used to extract ground fish tissue, and the resulting extract is purified on aminopropyl silica (APS) extraction cartridges. With no further sample preparation, nonylphenol (NP) and its ethoxylates, up to nonylphenol pentaethoxylate, are quantitated using normal phase (APS Hypersil) high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The major advantage of this technique is elimination of the conventional gel permeation cleanup step, a lengthy procedure designed to remove fish lipids. Spiked recoveries with lake trout averaged 85% for the six NP and NP ethoxylates that were investigated. Tissue concentrations of NP and NP ethoxylates determined in fish from various locations of the Great Lakes region ranged from 18 to 2075 ng/g, wet weight. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Datta, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 19 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 13 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1350 EP 1354 DI 10.1021/jf0111357 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 531CQ UT WOS:000174398800005 PM 11879001 ER PT J AU Molyneux, RJ Mahoney, N Bayman, P Wong, RY Meyer, K Irelan, N AF Molyneux, RJ Mahoney, N Bayman, P Wong, RY Meyer, K Irelan, N TI Eutypa dieback in grapevines: Differential production of acetylenic phenol metabolites by strains of Eutypa lata SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE grapes; Vitis vinifera; Eutypa lata; dieback; eutyposis; vine decline; dying-arm disease; chromene ID TOXIN EUTYPINE; F TUL; CALIFORNIA; TRANSPORT; SICCAYNE; PERS AB The production of acetylenic phenol metabolites in vitro by three strains of the ascomycete Eutypa lata, the causative agent of dying-arm disease in grapevines, has been investigated. Metabolite composition and yields differed significantly between strains and with growth medium but usually reached a maximum after 24-30 days of fungal growth. A general method for the analysis and identification of metabolites by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of their trimethylsilyl ether derivatives was developed and individual compounds were quantitated by analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and separated by preparative HPLC. The phenolic aldehyde, eutypine (1), reported to be the grape phytotoxin, occurred in only one of the strains examined whereas the primary metabolite was the corresponding alcohol, eutypinol (2), the presumptive detoxification product. A novel metabolite was isolated as a major constituent, together with a minor component, and their structures were established by spectroscopic methods as a methoxyquinol, named eulatinol (4), and a chromene analog (9) of 2, respectively. The evidence suggests that 1 is not solely responsible for phytotoxicity in grapevines but that dying-arm disease may result from a suite of compounds elaborated by the fungus, with the composition dependent on fungal strain and nutritional source. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. E&J Gallo Winery, Life Sci Program, Modesto, CA 95353 USA. RP Molyneux, RJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 22 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 13 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1393 EP 1399 DI 10.1021/jf011215a PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 531CQ UT WOS:000174398800013 PM 11879009 ER PT J AU Crawford, JJ Sims, GK Simmons, FW Wax, LM Freedman, DL AF Crawford, JJ Sims, GK Simmons, FW Wax, LM Freedman, DL TI Dissipation of the herbicide [C-14]dimethenamid under anaerobic conditions in flooded soil microcosms SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE anaerobic aquatic metabolism; anaerobic herbicide degradation; chloroacetamide; dimethenamid; flooded soil; SAN 582 H ID AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; DEGRADATION; METABOLITES; METOLACHLOR; ALACHLOR; BIODEGRADATION; IRON; IDENTIFICATION; GROUNDWATER; KINETICS AB The objective of this research was to investigate the dissipation of the herbicide dimethenamid under anaerobic redox conditions that may develop in the soil environment. Soil-water biometers were prepared with a saturated soil and made anaerobic by either glucose pretreatment (according to the Environmental Protection Agency registration study for anaerobic fate) or N-2 sparging. Treatments included,glucose pretreatment, NO3- + SO42- amendment, unamended, and autoclaved. Volatile, aqueous, extractable, and bound (unextractable) C-14-residues were quantified and characterized. The redox potential decreased over time, and evidence of denitrifying, iron-reducing, sulfate-reducing, and methanogenic conditions was observed, depending on the amendments. Anaerobic degradation of C-14-dimethenamid occurred in all treatments, and the time observed for 50% disappearance (DT50) was 13-14 days for nonautoclaved treatments. C-14-metabolites. accumulated to up to 20% of applied C-14. At least two major metabolites were observed in nonautoclaved treatments, whereas only one was observed in autoclaved microcosms. More than 50% of the applied 14C was eventually incorporated into soil-bound residue. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Protect Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Crawford, JJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Sims, Gerald/A-2500-2008 NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 13 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1483 EP 1491 DI 10.1021/jf010612i PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 531CQ UT WOS:000174398800029 PM 11879025 ER PT J AU Jordan, MJ Goodner, KL Shaw, PE AF Jordan, MJ Goodner, KL Shaw, PE TI Characterization of the aromatic profile in aqueous essence and fruit juice of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis sims F. Flavicarpa degner) by GC-MS and GC/O SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE GC-MS; GC/O; AEDA; yellow passion fruit; aqueous essence; fruit juice ID IDENTIFICATION; ODORANTS AB Chemical characterization by gas chromatography-mass spectometry (GC-MS) of the aromatic profile of yellow passion fruit essence and the juice of the fruit yielded a total of 62 and 34 components, respectively. Four new components have been identified and quantified for the first time in this fruit: 3-methyl-2-butanone; ethyl lactate (quantified only in the fruit juice); diethyl malonate (quantified only in the essence); and 3-penten-2-ol (quantified in both samples). Analysis of these samples by gas chromatography/olfactometry (GC/O) yielded a total of 66 components which appear to contribute to the aroma of passion fruit juice and its aqueous essence. Of these, four could not be quantified by GC-MS: acetic acid, ethyl propionate, ethyl 3-oxobutyrate, and propyl hexanoate. New components were described for the first time as constituents of the aromatic profile in this fruit including acetal, 1,3-dimethyl benzene, and 2-methylbutyl hexanoate. Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) allowed for the detection of the most potent odorants in the commercial essence (2-methylbutyl hexanoate and hexyl hexanoate) and in the fresh juice (1,3-dimethyl benzene,and 2-methylbutyl hexanoate). 2-Methylbutyl hexanoate, considered as one of the most potent odorants in this fruit, has been described for the first time as an aromatic constituent of yellow passion fruit. C1 USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Goodner, KL (reprint author), USDA, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 14 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAR 13 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1523 EP 1528 DI 10.1021/jf011077p PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 531CQ UT WOS:000174398800035 PM 11879031 ER PT J AU Whiting, RC Bagi, LK AF Whiting, RC Bagi, LK TI Modeling the lag phase of Listeria monocytogenes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Predictive Modelling in Foods CY SEP 12-15, 2000 CL LEUVEN, BELGIUM DE lag phase; Listeria monocytogenes; temperature ID GROWTH; TEMPERATURE; TIME AB An estimate of the lag phase duration is an important component for predicting the growth of a bacterium and for creating process models and risk assessments. Most current research and data for predictive modeling programs initiated growth studies with cells grown to the stationary phase in a favorable pH, nutrient and temperature environment. In this work, Listeria monocytogenes Scott A cells were grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth at different temperatures from 4 to 37 degreesC to the exponential growth or stationary phases. Additional cells were suspended in a dilute broth, desiccated or frozen. These cells were then transferred to BHI broth at various temperatures from 4 to 37 T and the lag phase durations were determined by enumerating cells at appropriate time intervals. Long lag phases were observed for cells initially grown at high temperatures and transferred to low temperatures. In general, exponential growth cells had the shortest lag phases, stationary phase and starved cells had longer, frozen cells had slightly longer and desiccated cells had the longest lag phases. These data were from immediate temperature transitions. When a computer-controlled water bath linearly changed the temperature from 37 to 5 degreesC over a 3.0- or 6.0-h period, the cells had short lags and grew continuously with declining growth rates. Transitions of 0.75 or 1.0 h had 20-h lag phases, essentially that of immediate transitions. When the transition was 1.5 h, an intermediate pattern of less than I log of growth followed by no additional growth for 20 h occurred. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Whiting, RC (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, 200 C St SW, Washington, DC 20204 USA. NR 8 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD MAR 11 PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2-3 BP 291 EP 295 AR PII S0168-1605(01)00662-6 DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(01)00662-6 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 533HQ UT WOS:000174523900019 PM 11934036 ER PT J AU Souza, SC Muliro, KV Liscum, L Lien, P Yamamoto, MT Schaffer, JE Dallal, GE Wang, XZ Kraemer, FB Obin, M Greenberg, AS AF Souza, SC Muliro, KV Liscum, L Lien, P Yamamoto, MT Schaffer, JE Dallal, GE Wang, XZ Kraemer, FB Obin, M Greenberg, AS TI Modulation of hormone-sensitive lipase and protein kinase A-mediated lipolysis by perilipin A in an adenoviral reconstituted system SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 60th Scientific Sessions of the American-Diabetes-Association CY JUN 09-13, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Amer Diabet Assoc ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; DIFFERENTIATION-RELATED PROTEIN; INTRACELLULAR LIPID DROPLETS; ACID TRANSPORT PROTEIN; ACYL-COA SYNTHETASE; DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; STORAGE DROPLET; ADIPOCYTES; CELLS; EXPRESSION AB Perilipin (Peri) A is a phosphoprotein located at the surface of intracellular lipid droplets in adipocytes. Activation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) results in the phosphorylation of Peri A and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), the predominant lipase in adipocytes, with concurrent stimulation of adipocyte lipolysis. To investigate the relative contributions of Peri A and HSL in basal and PKA-mediated lipolysis, we utilized NIH 3T3 fibroblasts lacking Peri A and HSL but stably overexpressing acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACS1) and fatty acid transport protein I (FATP1). When incubated with exogenous fatty acids, ACS1/FATP1 cells accumulated 5 times more triacylglycerol (TG) as compared with NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Adenoviral-mediated expression of Peri A in ACS1/FATP1 cells enhanced TG accumulation and inhibited lipolysis, whereas expression of HSL fused to green fluorescent protein (GFPHSL) reduced TG accumulation and enhanced lipolysis. Forskolin treatment induced Peri A hyperphosphorylation and abrogated the inhibitory effect of Peri A on lipolysis. Expression of a mutated Peri ADelta3 (Ser to Ala substitutions at PKA consensus sites Ser-81, Ser-222, and Ser-276) reduced Peri A hyperphosphorylation and blocked constitutive and forskolin-stimulated lipolysis. Thus, perilipin expression and phosphorylation state are critical regulators of lipid storage and hydrolysis in ACSI/FATP1 cells. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Mol Biol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Pharmacol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Nessel Gene Therapy Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med & Mol Biol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. VA Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. New England Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Metab & Mol Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Greenberg, AS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 46942, P30 DK 34928, DK 50647] NR 36 TC 161 Z9 168 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAR 8 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 10 BP 8267 EP 8272 DI 10.1074/jbc.M108329200 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 528WR UT WOS:000174268000083 PM 11751901 ER PT J AU Abidi, SL Thiam, S Warner, IM AF Abidi, SL Thiam, S Warner, IM TI Elution behavior of unsaponifiable lipids with various capillary electrochromatographic stationary phases SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Symposium on High Performance Liquid Phase Separations and Related Techniques CY JUN 17-22, 2001 CL MAASTRICHT, NETHERLANDS DE electrochromatography; stationary phases, electrochromatography; mobile phase composition; vegetable oils; lipids; tocopherols; tocotrienols; sterols ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; REVERSED-PHASE; RETINYL ESTERS; SEPARATION; TOCOPHEROLS; ISOMERS; ANTIOXIDANTS; COLUMNS; OIL AB Capillary electrochromatographic (CEC) separations of unsaponifiable lipids, tocopherols (T), tocotrienols (T-3), and plant sterols were studied under various conditions. Investigated stationary phases include pentafluorophenylsilica (PEPS), triacontylsilica (TCS), and octadecylsilica (ODS) phases, A baseline separation of four sterols (ergosterol, lanosterol, sitosterol and stigniasterol) on ODS was achieved and their elution order was found to be dictated by side-chain structures. CEC of the tocol-derived compounds on PEPS in aqueous methanol yielded the most satisfactory results with complete resolution of all components eluting in the order deltaT(3) > betaT(3) > gammaT(3) > epsilonP > alphaT(3) > deltaT > zeta(2)T > betaT > gammaT > alphaT, while a reversal in elution of the epsilonT-alphaT(3) pair was observed in aqueous acetonitrile, CEC with a TCS phase in non-aqueous methanol led to a different elution pattern deltaT(3) > gammaT(3) > betaT(3) > alphaT3epsilonT > deltaT > (zeta2+gamma)T > betaT > alphaT, despite favorable resolution of the (gamma-zeta(2))T pair along with the observation of inseparable (beta-gamma)T and (beta-gamma)T-3 pairs in non-aqueous dimethylformamide. Non-aqueous acetonitrile mobile phases provided unique selectivity for the (gamma-zeta(2))T pair and isomer separations on TCS. Variations in separation and retention factors of relevant antioxidant species with CEC variables were evaluated. Examples of CEC quantification of unsaponifiable fractions of rice bran oils and soybean oils are presented. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Abidi, SL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RI kistner, kharol/E-6849-2010 NR 39 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAR 8 PY 2002 VL 949 IS 1-2 BP 195 EP 207 AR PII S0021-9673(01)01272-9 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01272-9 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 535EY UT WOS:000174633300020 PM 11999735 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, J AF Rosenthal, J TI Curtain has fallen on hopes of legal bioprospecting - Local communities, too, could have benefited from better health care and conservation. SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 NIH, Div Int Training & Res, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Rosenthal, J (reprint author), NIH, Div Int Training & Res, Fogarty Int Ctr, 31 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 1 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 7 PY 2002 VL 416 IS 6876 BP 15 EP 15 DI 10.1038/416015a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 527WU UT WOS:000174211600014 PM 11882865 ER PT J AU Wagenaar, MM Gibson, DM Clardy, J AF Wagenaar, MM Gibson, DM Clardy, J TI Akanthomycin, a new antibiotic pyridone from the entomopathogenic fungus Akanthomyces gracilis SO ORGANIC LETTERS LA English DT Article AB [GRAPHICS] Organic extracts of the entomopathogenic fungus Akanthomyces gracilis ARS 2910 contained antibiotics active against Staphylococcus aureus. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the CH2Cl2 extract yielded the antibacterial compound akanthomycin as a mixture of atropisomers along with the closely related compounds 8-methylpyridoxatin and cordypyridone C. Alkanthomycin was characterized using X-ray crystallography and NMR. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Clardy, J (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA24887]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM08500] NR 16 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1523-7060 J9 ORG LETT JI Org. Lett. PD MAR 7 PY 2002 VL 4 IS 5 BP 671 EP 673 DI 10.1021/ol016737q PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 528QC UT WOS:000174253600001 PM 11869098 ER PT J AU Zhang, N Kallis, RP Ewy, RG Portis, AR AF Zhang, N Kallis, RP Ewy, RG Portis, AR TI Light modulation of Rubisco in Arabidopsis requires a capacity for redox regulation of the larger Rubisco activase isoform SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID RIBULOSE-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; OXYGENASE; THALIANA; TOBACCO; LEAVES; CO2; MECHANISM AB The light activation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) in vivo requires the presence of Rubisco activase, a nuclear-encoded chloroplast protein that consists of two isoforms arising from alternative splicing in most plants. We examined the function of each isoform by characterizing Rubisco activation in transgenic Arabidopsis plants that express only one or both isoforms, as compared with the wild type. In plants expressing only the shorter isoform, Rubisco activity was as high as in the wild type under saturating light, but the activity was not downregulated at intensities limiting for photosynthesis. In contrast, in plants expressing only the longer isoform, Rubisco activity was down-regulated at limiting light, but the activity was slightly lower and increased much more slowly at saturating light intensities as compared with the wild type. Light regulation of Rubisco similar to that in the wild-type plants was observed in the progeny of a genetic cross of these two transformants in which both isoforms were again present. When the capacity to redox regulate the activity of the larger activase isoform was eliminated by replacement of the critical cysteine residues in the carboxyl-terminal extension unique to this isoform, Rubisco activity in saturating light was similar to the wild type, but the ability of the larger isoform to down-regulate Rubisco activity at limiting light intensities in transgenic plants was almost abolished. These results indicate that the light modulation of Rubisco under limiting light is mainly due to the ability to regulate the activity of Rubisco activase by redox changes in the stroma. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Madigan Labs 190, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Program Physiol & Mol Plant Biol, Madigan Labs 190, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Portis, AR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Photosynth Res Unit, Madigan Labs 190, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 32 TC 104 Z9 115 U1 1 U2 13 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 5 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 5 BP 3330 EP 3334 DI 10.1073/pnas.042529999 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 529DK UT WOS:000174284600130 PM 11854454 ER PT J AU Annis, RA Etters, JN Sarkar, AK Akin, DE AF Annis, RA Etters, JN Sarkar, AK Akin, DE TI Influence of flax/cotton blend ratio on direct dye exhaustion and color yield SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Article ID FLAX C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA USA. RP Annis, RA (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 2 IS 3 BP 26 EP 28 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 533PV UT WOS:000174540200005 ER PT J AU Derksen, DA Anderson, RL Blackshaw, RE Maxwell, B AF Derksen, DA Anderson, RL Blackshaw, RE Maxwell, B TI Weed dynamics and management strategies for cropping systems in the northern Great Plains SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting CY 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH ID CONSERVATION-TILLAGE SYSTEMS; WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM; BROME BROMUS-TECTORUM; FOXTAIL SETARIA-VIRIDIS; BARLEY HORDEUM-JUBATUM; WINTER ANNUAL GRASSES; DOWNY BROME; CANADIAN PRAIRIES; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; AGRONOMIC PRACTICES AB Cropping systems in the northern Great Plains (NGP) have evolved from wheat Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow rotations to diversified cropping sequences. Diversification and continuous cropping have largely been a consequence of soil moisture saved through the adoption of conservation tillage. Consequently, weed communities have changed and, in some cases, become resistant to commonly used herbicides, thus increasing the complexity of managing weeds. The sustainability of diverse reduced tillage systems in the NGP depends on the development of economical and effective weed management systems. Utilizing the principle of varying selection pressure to keep weed communities off balance has reduced weed densities, minimized crop yield losses, and inhibited adverse community changes toward difficult-to-control species. Varied selection pressure was best achieved with a diverse cropping system where crop seeding date, perennation, and species and herbicide mode of action and use pattern were inherently varied. Novel approaches to cropping systems, including balancing rotations between cereal and broadleaf crops, reducing herbicide inputs, organic production, fall-seeded dormant canola (Brassica napus and B. rapa), and the use of cover crops and perennial forages, are discussed in light of potential systems-level benefits for weed management. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Brandon, MB R7A 5Y3, Canada. USDA, Cent Plains Res Cent, Akron, CO 80720 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resour & Environm Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Derksen, DA (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Box 1000A RR 3, Brandon, MB R7A 5Y3, Canada. NR 105 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 5 U2 35 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 94 IS 2 BP 174 EP 185 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 535KD UT WOS:000174643000002 ER PT J AU Krupinsky, JM Bailey, KL McMullen, MP Gossen, BD Turkington, TK AF Krupinsky, JM Bailey, KL McMullen, MP Gossen, BD Turkington, TK TI Managing plant disease risk in diversified cropping systems SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting CY 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH ID SOIL MICROBIAL DIVERSITY; SCLEROTINIA STEM ROT; DRY EDIBLE BEANS; F-SP LENTIS; ASCOCHYTA BLIGHT; LEPTOSPHAERIA-MACULANS; REDUCED TILLAGE; MYCOSPHAERELLA-PINODES; HORIZONTAL SPREAD; CANOPY STRUCTURE AB Diversification of cereal cropping systems with alternative crops, such as oilseed, pulse, and forage crops, furnishes producers with a range of agronomic and economic options. Crop diversification also improves management of plant diseases through manipulation of host factors such as crop and cultivar selection; interruption of disease cycles through crop rotation, fungicide application. and removal of weeds and volunteer crop plants; and modification of the microenvironment within the crop canopy using tillage practices and stand density. Management practices, such as seed treatment, date and rate of seeding. balanced fertility, control of weeds, field scouting, harvest management, and record keeping, can also be utilized to manage plant diseases. This review evaluates the risks to diversified crop production systems associated with the major plant diseases in the northern Great Plains and the influence of host, pathogen, and environmental factors on disease control. Principles to help producers reduce and manage the risk from plant diseases are presented, and discussion includes strategies for countering fusarium head blight (Fusarium spp.). commonly called scab; and leaf spot diseases in cereals; sclerotinia stem rot [Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary] in oilseed and pulse crops; and ascochyta blight (Ascochyta lentis Vassil.; teleomorph: Didymella lentis Kaiser, Wang & Rogers) and anthracnose blight [Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W.D. Moore] in pulse crops. Producers should not rely exclusively on a single management practice but rather integrate a combination of practices to develop a consistent long-term strategy for disease management that is suited to their production system and location. C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Saskatoon Res Cent, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lacombe Res Cent, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada. RP Krupinsky, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. OI Gossen, Bruce/0000-0001-5869-930X NR 105 TC 120 Z9 127 U1 3 U2 36 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 94 IS 2 BP 198 EP 209 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 535KD UT WOS:000174643000004 ER PT J AU Johnston, AM Tanaka, DL Miller, PR Brandt, SA Nielsen, DC Lafond, GP Riveland, NR AF Johnston, AM Tanaka, DL Miller, PR Brandt, SA Nielsen, DC Lafond, GP Riveland, NR TI Oilseed crops for semiarid cropping systems in the northern Great Plains SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting CY 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH ID TILLAGE SYSTEMS; SPRING WHEAT; CANADIAN PRAIRIES; WINTER-WHEAT; SOUTHERN ALBERTA; FOLIAR DISEASES; WATER-USE; YIELD; SOIL; ROTATIONS AB Oilseed crops are grown throughout the semiarid region of the northern Great Plains of North America for use as vegetable and industrial oils, spices, and birdfeed. In a region dominated by winter and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.), the acceptance and production of another crop requires that it both has an agronomic benefit to the cropping system and improve the farmers' economic position. In this review, we compare the adaptation and rotational effects of oilseed crops in the northern Great Plains. Canola (Brassica sp.), mustard (B. juncea and Sinapis alba L.), and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) are well adapted to cool, short-season conditions found on the Canadian prairies and northern Great Plains border states of the USA. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) are better adapted to the longer growing season and warmer temperatures found in the northern and central Great Plains states. Examples are presented of how agronomic practices have been used to manipulate a crop's fit into a local environment, as demonstrated with the early spring and dormant seeding management of canola, and of the role of no-till seeding systems in allowing the establishment of small-seeded oilseed crops in semiarid regions. Continued evaluation of oilseed crops in rotation with cereals will further expand our understanding of how they can be used to strengthen the biological, economic, and environmental role of the region's cropping systems. Specific research needs for each oilseed crop have been recommended. C1 Potash & Phosphate Inst Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7K 5K2, Canada. USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resour & Environ Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Scott, SK S0K 4A0, Canada. USDA ARS, Cent Great Plains Res Stn, Akron, CO 80720 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Indian Head, SK S0G 2K0, Canada. N Dakota State Univ, Williston, ND 58101 USA. RP Johnston, AM (reprint author), Potash & Phosphate Inst Canada, 12-425 Pinehouse Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7K 5K2, Canada. RI Nielsen, David/A-8044-2009 OI Nielsen, David/0000-0002-8240-7183 NR 74 TC 76 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 94 IS 2 BP 231 EP 240 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 535KD UT WOS:000174643000007 ER PT J AU Padbury, G Waltman, S Caprio, J Coen, G McGinn, S Mortensen, D Nielsen, G Sinclair, R AF Padbury, G Waltman, S Caprio, J Coen, G McGinn, S Mortensen, D Nielsen, G Sinclair, R TI Agroecosystems and land resources of the northern Great Plains SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting CY 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH AB The northern Great Plains have long been dominated by conventional tillage systems and cereal-based rotations including summer fallow. Over the last decade, however, the use of conservation tillage systems has markedly increased and, through improved moisture storage, has provided an opportunity for more diversified extended rotations including oilseed, pulse, and forage crops throughout the region. Considerable research is being carried out to assess the adaptability of these new crops and to develop appropriate management strategies. Typically, this type of agronomic research is carried out at plot-sized research sites, with the findings then being extrapolated to surrounding regions where growing conditions are thought to be reasonably similar. Because the environment itself largely dictates the success of a particular cropping system, extrapolation requires knowledge of the environmental conditions of the region and, in particular, the interaction of environmental components of soil and climate in relation to specific crop requirements. This paper describes 14 agroecoregions in the northern Great Plains and provides an initial framework for extrapolating agronomic information at broad regional scales. Because climate is the dominant crop production factor in the region, most of the agroecosystems represent broad climatic zones. Each agroecoregion is described in terms of its soil and landscape characteristics, with a particular focus being given to likely key environmental parameters related to the production of the new oilseed, pulse, and forage crops being introduced in the region. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Semiarid Prairie Agr Res Cent, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. USDA, NRCS, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Land Resour & Environ Sci, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Cent, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Padbury, G (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Semiarid Prairie Agr Res Cent, 51 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. NR 20 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 6 U2 16 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 94 IS 2 BP 251 EP 261 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 535KD UT WOS:000174643000009 ER PT J AU Belesky, DP Feldhake, CM Boyer, DG AF Belesky, DP Feldhake, CM Boyer, DG TI Herbage productivity and botanical composition of hill pasture as a function of clipping and site features SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GRAZING MANAGEMENT; FERTILIZER; COUNTRY; RADIATION; QUALITY AB Complex topography and varied soil of hill-land pastures create microsite conditions that support an array of floristic associations and herbage production patterns. This complicates management for forage and livestock production because the seasonal distribution and quantity of forage vary. Our objective was to determine herbage production and floristic composition of a hill pasture as a function of site characteristics and canopy management. An existing 3-ha hill pasture watershed was oversown with white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and orchard-grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and fertilized with reactive phosphate (PO4) rock (PR). Replicated plots on each of four sites were clipped once (stockpiled), twice (hay harvest), or three times (long rotation) annually. Site had a significant impact on cumulative herbage production, whereas the influence of clipping was mixed. The least (1.9 Mg ha(-1)) amount of herbage production in a given season occurred on a northeast (NE)-facing site and the greatest (4.6 Mg ha(-1)) in a natural drainage area (ND) traversing the pasture. Herbage production increased by about 80% with overseeding and PR, but the relative ranking of production among sites stayed the same. Botanical composition was also strongly influenced by site, with velvetgrass (Holcus lanatus L.) predominating in ND and red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) occurring primarily on the NE site. The stockpiled treatments became dominated by grasses and weeds 4 yr after treatments were imposed, regardless of site, and were similar to the least productive site (NE-facing) in the pasture. Our results suggest that application of amendments to the more productive portions of a site are likely to have greater return. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Cent, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Belesky, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Cent, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 94 IS 2 BP 351 EP 358 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 535KD UT WOS:000174643000022 ER PT J AU Franzen, DW Hopkins, DH Sweeney, MD Ulmer, MK Halvorson, AD AF Franzen, DW Hopkins, DH Sweeney, MD Ulmer, MK Halvorson, AD TI Evaluation of soil survey scale for zone development of site-specific nitrogen management SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FERTILIZER APPLICATION AB Zone sampling for site-specific N application has been shown to be effective in North Dakota and other areas of the Great Plains. Printed and sometimes digitized soil surveys are presently available for most agricultural counties in the USA. Order 2 soil surveys generally have scales that range from 1:12 000 to 1:31680. These surveys were developed for general planning purposes. There is interest in using Order 2 soil surveys as a basis for delineating N management zone patterns, especially where the soil-mapping units have been digitized. This study was conducted to evaluate soil survey scales at the Order 1 (scale >1:15 840) and Order 2 level against grid- and topography-based zone sampling to determine whether soil surveys at these scales could be used to delineate N management zones for site-specific fertilizer application. Fields mapped at a finer scale (Order 1 survey) showed some similarity between mapping units and N management zones defined by topography. Order 2 soil-mapping units, which are the present mapping scale of most agricultural soil surveys, were often not similar to N management zones. Published Order 2 soil surveys should not be used to develop N management zones for site-specific agriculture unless the soil patterns are verified with other zone development tools of site-specific management. Alternatively, a major benefit of Order 1 soil surveys would be to reinforce or redefine apparent N management zones. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA, NRCS, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Franzen, DW (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 29 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 94 IS 2 BP 381 EP 389 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 535KD UT WOS:000174643000026 ER PT J AU Smith, MB Palmer, RG Horner, HT AF Smith, MB Palmer, RG Horner, HT TI Microscopy of a cytoplasmic male-sterile soybean from an interspecific cross between Glycine max and G-soja (leguminosae) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE cytoplasmic male sterility; Glycine max; Glycine soja; Leguminosae; male cells; mitochondria; pollen; soybean; tapetum ID MITOCHONDRIAL ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; FERTILITY RESTORATION; TOBACCO POLLEN; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; AEROBIC FERMENTATION; CORN ANTHERS; MAIZE; ULTRASTRUCTURE; EXPRESSION; ANOXIA AB Cytoplasmic male sterility has been found independently in soybean three times since 1995, but no microscopic investigation has been published. The purpose of this microscopic study was to establish the developmental sequence leading to sterility in a cytoplasmic male-sterile soybean line that has been found to be stable under all environmental conditions tested and to demarcate the temporal and spatial parameters that result in degeneration of the microspores and pollen grains. Light microscopy showed an abnormal development and/or premature degeneration of the tapetum after meiosis 11, but some pollen grains persisted until after microspore mitosis The pollen grains never completely filled with reserves. Premature formation of the endothecium also was evident. Histochemical staining for water-insoluble carbohydrates revealed an abnormal pattern of starch deposition in anther walls that coincided with lack of pollen filling. Electron microscopy showed degeneration of the inner mitochondrial membrane in the tapetal cells as the first detectable change leading to cell degeneration. Subsequently, the tapetal endoplasmic reticulum exhibited atypical concentric rings. Pollen grains displayed mitochondria with unusually enlarged inner mitochondrial spaces, degraded plastids, a rudimentary intine, and no starch or lipid reserves. Results link mitochondrial degeneration, premature formation of the endothecium, and energy deprivation to male sterility. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA, Res Serv, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron & Zool Genet, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 59 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY, 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 89 IS 3 BP 417 EP 426 DI 10.3732/ajb.89.3.417 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 595FT UT WOS:000178098300006 PM 21665637 ER PT J AU Heird, WC AF Heird, WC TI Parental feeding behavior and children's fat mass SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHILDHOOD OBESITY; ADOLESCENTS C1 USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Heird, WC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 75 IS 3 BP 451 EP 452 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 525NR UT WOS:000174078300002 PM 11864849 ER PT J AU Fields, DA Goran, MI McCrory, MA AF Fields, DA Goran, MI McCrory, MA TI Body-composition assessment via air-displacement plethysmography in adults and children: a review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Review DE body-composition methods; air-displacement plethysmography; hydrostatic weighing; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; isotopic dilution; total body water; multicompartment body-composition models; thoracic gas volume; residual lung volume; review ID ENERGY X-RAY; FAT-FREE MASS; BONE-MINERAL MEASUREMENTS; WHOLE-BODY; 4-COMPARTMENT MODEL; 4-COMPONENT MODEL; HEALTHY-ADULTS; LUNG-VOLUMES; ABSORPTIOMETRY; DENSITY AB Laboratory-based body-composition techniques include hydrostatic weighing (HW), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), measurement of total body water (TBW) by isotope dilution, measurement of total body potassium, and multicompartment models. Although these reference methods are used routinely, each has inherent practical limitations. Whole-body air-displacement plethysmography is a new practical alternative to these more traditional body-composition methods. We reviewed the principal findings from studies published between December 1995 and August 2001 that compared the BOD POD method (Life Measurement, Inc, Concord, CA) with reference methods and summarized factors contributing to the different study findings. The average of the study means indicates that the BOD POD and HW agree within 1% body fat (BF) for adults and children, whereas the BOD POD and DXA agree within 1% BF for adults and 2% BF fur children. Few studies have compared the BOD POD with multicompartment models; those that have suggest a similar average underestimation of approximate to2-3% BF by both the BOD POD and HW. Individual variations between 2-compartment models compared with DXA and 4-compartment models are partly attributable to deviations from the assumed chemical composition of the body. Wide variations among study means, -4.0% to 1.9% BF for BOD POD - HW and -3.0% to t.7% BF for BOD POD - DXA, are likely due in part to differences in laboratory equipment, study design, and subject characteristics and in some cases to failure to follow the manufacturer's recommended protocol. Wide intersubject variations between methods are partly attributed to technical precision and biological error but to a large extent remain unexplained. On the basis of this review, future research goals are suggested. C1 Tufts Univ, Energy Metab Lab, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Internal Med, Ctr Human Nutr, St Louis, MO USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Inst Prevent Res, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP McCrory, MA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Energy Metab Lab, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, USDA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 94 TC 247 Z9 250 U1 6 U2 39 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 75 IS 3 BP 453 EP 467 PG 15 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 525NR UT WOS:000174078300003 PM 11864850 ER PT J AU Hays, NP Bathalon, GP McCrory, MA Roubenoff, R Lipman, R Roberts, SB AF Hays, NP Bathalon, GP McCrory, MA Roubenoff, R Lipman, R Roberts, SB TI Eating behavior correlates of adult weight gain and obesity in healthy women aged 55-65 y SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE dietary restraint; disinhibition; body weight; BMI; obesity; overweight; postmenopausal women; body mass index; women ID SELF-REPORTED WEIGHT; DIETARY RESTRAINT; BODY-WEIGHT; UNITED-STATES; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; YOUNG-WOMEN; FOOD-INTAKE; FOLLOW-UP; US ADULTS AB Background:The specific underlying causes of adult weight gain remain uncertain. Objective: The objective was to determine the association of 3 measures of eating behavior with weight gain and body mass index (BMI in kg/m(2)) in adults. Design: Current dietary restraint, disinhibition, and hunger were assessed with the use of the Eating Inventory in 638 healthy, nonsmoking women aged 55-65 y. In addition, subjects reported their current weight and height, their weight for 6 age intervals, and chances in voluntary dietary energy restriction over the past 10 y. Current weight and height were validated in 10% of subjects. Results: Current disinhibition strongly predicted weight gain and current BMI (partial r = 0.27 and 0.34, respectively, both P < 0.001). Neither restraint nor hunger was a significant independent predictor of either variable, but the positive associations between disinhibition and both weight gain and BMI were attenuated by restraint (P = 0.016 and 0.010, respectively, after adjustment for confounding variables). In the subpopulation of women who reported a stable level of voluntary dietary energy restriction, disinhibition also strongly predicted weight gain and higher BMI, and restraint was negatively associated with weight gain (partial r = -0.17, P = 0.019). Conclusions: Higher disinhibition is strongly associated with greater adult weight gain and higher cur-rent BMI, and dietary restraint may attenuate this association when disinhibition is high. These findings suggest that eating behavior has an important role in the prevention of adult-onset obesity and that further studies are warranted. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Energy Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Hays, Nicholas/0000-0002-7322-1600 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG12829, T32AG00209]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK09747, DK46124] NR 47 TC 147 Z9 148 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 75 IS 3 BP 476 EP 483 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 525NR UT WOS:000174078300005 PM 11864852 ER PT J AU Gibson, NR Jahoor, F Ware, L Jackson, AA AF Gibson, NR Jahoor, F Ware, L Jackson, AA TI Endogenous glycine and tyrosine production is maintained in adults consuming a marginal-protein diet SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE phenylalanine; glycine; tyrosine kinetics; marginal protein intake; nitrogen balance; protein requirements; dispensable amino acids ID AMINO-ACID-REQUIREMENTS; WHOLE-BODY LEUCINE; YOUNG MEN; NITROGEN HOMEOSTASIS; UREA-NITROGEN; LYSINE METABOLISM; ADAPTATION; OXIDATION; KINETICS; SALVAGE AB Background: The adequacy of indispensable amino acid supplies has received much attention in studies of protein requirements, but the availability of nitrogen for synthesis and maintenance of the supply of dispensable amino acids has been overlooked. Objective: We aimed to determine whether nitrogen balance and the endogenous supply of the dispensable amino acids glycine and tyrosine can be maintained with a marginal protein intake. Design: Phenylalanine, glycine, and tyrosine kinetics were measured in young adults 6 men, 6 women) on 4 occasions during a reduction in habitual protein intake (1.13 g . kg(-1) . d(-1)) to a marginal intake (0.75 g . kg(-1) d(-1)) by using a multiple stable-isotope-infusion protocol. Results: During the 10-d period of marginal protein intake, nitrogen excretion fell initially, then remained constant such that nitrogen balance was negative for the first 2 d and then positive or zero thereafter, Whole-body protein degradation and synthesis predicted from phenylalanine kinetics declined significantly (P < 0.05) over the period of marginal protein intake. Despite the reduction in the amount of glycine and tyrosine derived from whole-body proteolysis, the fluxes of glycine and tyrosine were maintained. Conclusions: The results show that adaptation to a marginal intake of dietary protein consisted of an overall reduction in whole-body protein turnover, net protein catabolism, and the rate of nitrogen excretion. The conserved nitrogen was sufficient to maintain the endogenous synthesis and hence the supply of glycine and tyrosine. C1 Univ Southampton, Inst Human Nutr, Southampton Gen Hosp, Clin Nutr & Metab Unit, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England. USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX USA. RP Jackson, AA (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Inst Human Nutr, Southampton Gen Hosp, Clin Nutr & Metab Unit, Level C,113 West Wing,Tremona Rd, Southampton SO16 6YD, Hants, England. RI Ware, Lisa/J-7182-2016 OI Ware, Lisa/0000-0002-9762-4017 NR 31 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 75 IS 3 BP 511 EP 518 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 525NR UT WOS:000174078300010 PM 11864857 ER PT J AU Conway, JM Seale, JL Jacobs, DR Irwin, ML Ainsworth, BE AF Conway, JM Seale, JL Jacobs, DR Irwin, ML Ainsworth, BE TI Comparison of energy expenditure estimates from doubly labeled water, a physical activity questionnaire, and physical activity records SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE exercise; energy intake; Stanford 7-d physical activity questionnaire; physical activity records; physical activity recall; doubly labeled water; basal metabolic rate; men ID INDIRECT-CALORIMETRY; HEART-RATE AB Background: Various methods are used by epidemiologists to estimate the energy cost of physical activity; these include physical activity records and recalls. However, there is limited validation of these methods against the doubly labeled water technique for determining energy expenditure (EE). Objective: We compared EE as estimated by indirect methods (physical activity records and recall questionnaires) used in epidemiologic studies with EE obtained from doubly labeled water (EEDLW) in free-living men. Design: We determined EEDLW energy intake at weight maintenance, and EE from 7-d physical activity records (EERecord) and a 7-d physical activity recall questionnaire (EERecall) in 24 men aged 41 +/- 2.0 y ((x) over bar +/- SEM) with a body mass index (in kg/M-2) Of 25.1 +/- 0.5. Results: There was excellent agreement between EEDLW (13.27 +/- 0.35 MJ/d) and energy intake (13.19 +/- 0.36 MJ/d), with a difference of 0.5 +/-1.0% ((x) over bar +/- SE). The indirect measures of physical activity and EE were 14.17 +/- 0.37 MJ/d for EEDLW (difference from EEDLW: 7.9 +/- 3.2%) and 17.40 +/- 1.45 MJ/d for EERecall (difference from EEDLW: 30.6 +/- 9.9%). Conclusions: Seven-day physical activity records provide an acceptable estimate of EE in free-living adults compared with EEDLW, but 7-d physical activity recalls have limited application to estimate daily EE. For optimal validity, the 7-d physical activity records require good subject compliance and the provision of careful instructions for their use. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Deit & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Canc Prevent Res Program, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Exercise Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Conway, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Deit & Human Performance Lab, Bldg 308,Room 122, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 32 TC 86 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 75 IS 3 BP 519 EP 525 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 525NR UT WOS:000174078300011 PM 11864858 ER PT J AU Taylor, A Jacques, PF Chylack, LT Hankinson, SE Khu, PM Rogers, G Friend, J Tung, W Wolfe, JK Padhye, N Willett, LC AF Taylor, A Jacques, PF Chylack, LT Hankinson, SE Khu, PM Rogers, G Friend, J Tung, W Wolfe, JK Padhye, N Willett, LC TI Long-term intake of vitamins and carotenoids and odds of early age-related cortical and posterior subcapsular lens opacities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE cortical lens opacity; posterior subcapsular lens opacity; Nurses' Health Study; Nutrition and Vision Project; vitamins; carotenoids; women ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM-III; CATARACT-EXTRACTION; ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS; SERUM CAROTENOIDS; NUCLEAR CATARACT; NUTRIENT INTAKE; SUPPLEMENT USE; RISK; PLASMA AB Background: Proper nutrition appears to protect against cataracts. Few studies have related nutrition to the odds of developing cortical or posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataracts. Objective: We assessed the relation between usual nutrient intakes and age-related cortical and PSC lens opacities. Design: We studied 492 nondiabetic women aged 53-73 y from the Nurses' Health Study cohort who were without previously diagnosed cataracts. Usual nutrient intake was calculated as the average intake from 5 food-frequency questionnaires collected over a 13-15-y period before the eye examination. Duration of vitamin supplement use was determined from 7 questionnaires collected during this same period. We defined cortical opacities as grade greater than or equal to0.5 and subcapsular opacities as grade greater than or equal to0.3 of the Lens Opacities Classification System III. Results: Some lenses had more than one opacity. No nutrient measure was related to prevalence of opacities in the full sample, but significant interactions were seen between age and vitamin C intake (P = 0.02) for odds of cortical opacities and between smoking status and folate (P = 0.02), alpha-carotene (P = 0.02), beta-carotene (P = 0.005), and total carotenoids (P = 0.02) for odds of PSC opacities. For women aged <60 y, a vitamin C intake greater than or equal to362 mg/d was associated with a 57% lower odds ratio (0.43 95% Cl: 0.2, 0.93) of developing a cortical cataract than was an intake < 140 mg/d, and use of vitamin C supplements for greater than or equal to10 y was associated with a 60% lower odds ratio (0.40; 0.18, 0.87) than was no vitamin C supplement use. Prevalence of PSC opacities was related to total carotenoid intake in women who never smoked (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Our results support a role for vitamin C in diminishinc, the risk of cortical cataracts in women aged <60 y and for carotenoids in diminishing the risk of PSC cataracts in women who have never smoked. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Ctr Ophthalm Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Tufts Univ, USDA, HNRC Aging, Lab Nutr & Vis Res, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM ataylor@hnrc.tufs.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA40356]; NEI NIH HHS [EY09611] NR 52 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 75 IS 3 BP 540 EP 549 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 525NR UT WOS:000174078300014 PM 11864861 ER PT J AU Klevay, LM Milne, DB AF Klevay, LM Milne, DB TI Low dietary magnesium increases supraventricular ectopy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE dietary requirements; ectopy; Holter monitor; soft water; magnesium; postmenopausal women; ischemic heart disease; arrhythmia; ectopic beats ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; INTRAVENOUS MAGNESIUM; ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS; COPPER; ARRHYTHMIAS; THERAPY; SULFATE; FIBRILLATION AB Background: Magnesium has been suggested to be beneficial in counteracting all phases of the processes that lead to ischemic heart disease, including terminal events such as arrhythmia and sudden death. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that an intake of magnesium considerably below the recommended dietary allowance can produce chemical and physiologic evidence of depletion. Design: Twenty-two postmenopausal women were maintained in a metabolic unit and ate a diet of conventional foods containing less than one-half of or more than the recommended dietary allowance for magnesium (320 mg/d). Dietary assignments were random and double blind in a crossover design. Magnesium concentrations were measured by spectroscopy and ion-specific electrolyte analysis, and Holier electrocardiograms lasting approximate to21 h were recorded. Results: Magnesium concentrations in erythrocytes, serum (total and ultrafilterable), and urine were significantly lower when dietary magnesium was lower. Holier monitors showed a significant increase in both supraventricular and supraventricular plus ventricular beats when the dietary magnesium concentration was low. Hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, and hypokalemia were not found. Conclusions: The magnesium requirement was defined with the use of biochemical and electrophysiologic criteria. The recommended dietary allowance of 320 mg/d seems correct; 130 mg is too little. Persons who live in soft water areas, who use diuretics, or who are predisposed to magnesium loss or ectopic beats may require more dietary magnesium than would others. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Klevay, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 43 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 75 IS 3 BP 550 EP 554 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 525NR UT WOS:000174078300015 PM 11864862 ER PT J AU Baer, DJ Judd, JT Clevidence, BA Muesing, RA Campbell, WS Brown, ED Taylor, PR AF Baer, DJ Judd, JT Clevidence, BA Muesing, RA Campbell, WS Brown, ED Taylor, PR TI Moderate alcohol consumption lowers risk factors for cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women fed a controlled diet SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE alcohol; LDL cholesterol; HDL cholesterol; triacylglycerols; postmenopausal women; triglycerides; cardiovascular disease ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; TRANSFER PROTEIN; PLASMA; MENOPAUSE; FAT; MEN; METABOLISM; LIPIDS AB Background: Moderate alcohol consumption (1-2 drinks/d) may decrease cardiovascular disease risk in postmenopausal women by improving lipid profiles. Objective: We measured the effect of moderate alcohol consumption on lipids and lipoproteins in postmenopausal women. Design: Postmenopausal women (n = 51) consumed 0 (control), 15 (1 drink), and 30 (2 drinks) g alcohol (ethanol)/d for 8 wk each as part of a controlled diet in a randomized crossover design. The control diet provided approximate to 15%, 53%, and 32% of energy from protein, carbohydrate, and fat, respectively. The energy provided from alcohol in the 15- and 30-g alcohol diets was replaced with energy from carbohydrate. Results: Compared with concentrations after the control diet, plasma LDL cholesterol decreased from 3.45 to 3.34 mmol/L (P = 0.04) and triacylglycerol from 1.43 to 1.34 mmol/L (P = 0,05) after 15 a alcohol/d. There were no additional significant decreases in either lipid after an increase in alcohol intake from 15 to 30 g/d. Compared with concentrations after the control diet, plasma HDL cholesterol increased nonsignificantly from 1.40 to 1.43 mmol/L after 15 g alcohol/d but increased to 1.48 mmol/L after 30 g alcohol/d (P = 0.02). Apolipoprotein A-I increased significantly and apolipoprotein B decreased significantly after 30 g alcoholld relative to the concentration after the control diet. Conclusions: Consumption of 15-30 g alcohol/d by postmenopausal women apparently decreases cardiovascular disease risk by improving lipid profiles. Plasma LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations improve after 15 g alcohol/d; plasma HDL cholesterol improves only after 30 g alcohol/d. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Lipid Res Clin, Washington, DC USA. NCI, Div Canc Prevent, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Baer, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Bldg 308,Room 213, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 43 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 75 IS 3 BP 593 EP 599 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 525NR UT WOS:000174078300021 PM 11864868 ER PT J AU Rabb, H Chandran, PKG Arnaout, MA Kehrli, ME AF Rabb, H Chandran, PKG Arnaout, MA Kehrli, ME TI Use of a bovine model to study the role of adhesion molecule CD11/CD18 in hemodialysis-induced neutropenia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE hemodialysis (HD); integrins; leukocyte adhesion; neutropenia; cows ID ACUTE-RENAL-FAILURE; HOLSTEIN CATTLE; L-SELECTIN; COMPLEMENT; ACTIVATION; MEMBRANE; DEFICIENCY; DIALYSIS; CD18 AB The early neutropenia that occurs with cellulose-based dialysis membranes is believed to result from a cascade of immune events: complement activation, engagement of leukocyte adhesion molecules, cytokine release, and leukocyte sequestration. The beta(2) integrin CR3 (CD11b/CD18) is upregulated during hemodialysis, binds complement factor iC3b, and mediates leukocyte adhesion to endothelium and leukoaggregation. Despite being invoked in dialysis-induced neutropenia, there is no direct evidence of a role for CD11b/CD18 in the neutropenla. A unique animal model of beta(2)-integrin deficiency was discovered in calves experiencing recurrent infections and a paucity of leukocytes in infected tissue. We hypothesized that beta(2) integrins mediate the neutropenia of dialysis and directly tested this hypothesis using beta(2)-integrin-deficient calves. Two 3-month old beta(2)-integrin-deficient and two age-matched Holstein calves were dialyzed using cuprophane dialyzers. beta(2)-integrin-deficient calves had less than 2% of normal neutrophil CD18 expression by flow cytometry. Normal calves had a marked decrease in circulating neutrophils (P < 0.05) to 15% of normal 15 minutes into dialysis (total, four treatments), as well as a decrease in monocytes to 39% (P < 0.05) and lymphocytes to 58% (P < 0.05). CD18-deficient calves had an attenuated decrease in neutrophils (65%; P = not significant), monocytes (78%; P = not significant), and lymphocytes (105%; P = not significant) at 15 minutes. These data, although obtained in a small sample, show that a bovine model can be used to study the early neutropenia of dialysis. These data also suggest that a direct role of beta(2) integrins may be occurring in this process. (C) 2002 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Div Nephrol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Nephrol Clin, Des Moines, IA USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Renal Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Rabb, H (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Nephrol, Ross 970,720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21025 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 39 IS 3 BP 587 EP 593 DI 10.1053/ajkd.2002.31416 PG 7 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 525UW UT WOS:000174093300016 PM 11877578 ER PT J AU Kimball, SR Farrell, PA Nguyen, HV Jefferson, LS Davis, TA AF Kimball, SR Farrell, PA Nguyen, HV Jefferson, LS Davis, TA TI Developmental decline in components of signal transduction pathways regulating protein synthesis in pig muscle SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; protein kinase B; mammalian target of rapamycin; protein 70 S6 kinase ID P70 S6 KINASE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; MAMMALIAN TARGET; NEONATAL PIGS; AMINO-ACIDS; POSTABSORPTIVE RATS; MESSENGER-RNAS; INSULIN ACTION; TOR PROTEINS; RAPAMYCIN AB Our previous studies showed that the feeding-induced stimulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs is accompanied by enhanced phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E-binding protein (4E-BP1) and the ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K1). These effects of feeding are substantially reduced with development. The goal of the present investigation was to delineate the basis for the reduced responsiveness to feeding observed in the older animals. In these studies, the content and activity of protein kinases located upstream of S6K1 and 4E-BP1 in signal transduction pathways activated by amino acids, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor I were examined in 7- and 26-day-old pigs that were either fasted overnight or fed porcine milk after an overnight fast. Feeding stimulated phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase activity to the same extent in muscle of 7- and 26-day-old pigs, suggesting that PI 3-kinase is not limiting in muscle of older animals. In contrast, protein kinase B (PKB) activity was significantly less in muscle from 26- vs. 7-day-old pigs, regardless of nutritional status, suggesting that its activity is regulated by mechanisms distinct from PI 3-kinase. In part, the reduced PKB responsiveness can be attributed to a developmental decline in PKB content. Likewise, muscle content of the protein kinase termed mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in 26-day-old pigs was <25% of that in 7-day-old animals. Finally, in agreement with our earlier work showing that S6K1 phosphorylation is reduced in older animals, S6K1 activity was stimulated to a lesser extent in 26- compared with 7-day-old pigs. Overall, the results suggest that the blunted protein synthetic response observed in 26- vs. 7-day-old neonatal pigs is due in part to decreased content and/or activity of signaling components downstream of PI 3-kinase, e. g., PKB, mTOR, and S6K1. C1 Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Penn State Univ, Noll Physiol Res Ctr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Kimball, SR (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Cellular & Mol Physiol, 500 Univ Dr, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. EM skimball@psu.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR-43127, AR-44474, R01 AR044474]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-15658] NR 37 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 EI 1522-1555 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 282 IS 3 BP E585 EP E592 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 521HB UT WOS:000173832200012 PM 11832361 ER PT J AU Sparacino, G Shames, DM Vicini, P King, JC Cobelli, C AF Sparacino, G Shames, DM Vicini, P King, JC Cobelli, C TI Double isotope tracer method for measuring fractional zinc absorption: theoretical analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE kinetics; compartmental model; deconvolution ID STABLE ISOTOPES AB Several approaches for estimation of fractional zinc absorption (FZA) by calculating the ratio of oral to intravenous stable isotopic tracer concentrations (at an appropriate time) in urine or plasma after their simultaneous administration have been proposed in the last decade. These simple-to-implement approaches, often referred to as the double isotopic tracer ratio (DITR) method, are more attractive than the classical "deconvolution" method and the more commonly used single-tracer methods based on fecal monitoring and indicator dilution, after oral or intravenous tracer administration, respectively. However, the domain of validity of DITR for measuring FZA has recently been questioned. In this paper, we provide a theoretical justification of the validity of four different "approximate" formulations of the DITR technique by demonstrating mathematically that their accuracy is a consequence of the particular properties of zinc kinetics. C1 Univ Padua, Dept Elect & Informat, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Bioengn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Cobelli, C (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dept Elect & Informat, Via Gradenigo 6-A, I-35131 Padua, Italy. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR11095, RR12609] NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 282 IS 3 BP E679 EP E687 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 521HB UT WOS:000173832200024 PM 11832373 ER PT J AU Love, SL Corsini, DL Novy, R Pavek, JJ Mosley, AR Thornton, RE James, SR Hane, DC Rykbost, KA AF Love, SL Corsini, DL Novy, R Pavek, JJ Mosley, AR Thornton, RE James, SR Hane, DC Rykbost, KA TI IdaRose: A potato variety with bright red skin, excellent culinary quality, and long tuber dormancy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tubcrosum; variety; release AB IdaRose is a late-maturing, potato variety with round, dark red tubers. It has high yield potential and exceptionally long tuber dormancy. IdaRose was released in 2000 by the USDA/ARS and the experiment stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. It resulted from a 1982 cross of Sangre and TXA218-7. IdaRose is suited for use in both the early summer and storage fresh markets. Tuber yield of IdaRose is higher than that of Dark Red Norland and Sangre. It has yield potential similar to or slightly lower than Red LaSoda. Tubers of IdaRose have good internal and external quality. Culinary quality of boiled, baked, and micro-waved IdaRose tubers is excellent. It has moderate resistance to growth cracks, hollow heart, and other defect problems. IdaRose is susceptible or moderately susceptible to most common field diseases of potato. Tubers of IdaRose have dry matter content (19.2%) similar to other standard red varieties, and have a relatively high concentration of sugars and low concentration of glycoalkaloids (2.4 mg/100 g). C1 Univ Idaho, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. ARS, USDA, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Oregon State Univ, Madras, OR 97741 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. Univ Oregon, Klamath Expt Stn, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. RP Love, SL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 79 IS 2 BP 79 EP 84 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 539QX UT WOS:000174882900001 ER PT J AU Simko, I AF Simko, I TI Comparative analysis of quantitative trait loci for foliage resistance to Phytophthora infestans in tuber-bearing Solanum species SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE late blight; QTL mapping; comparative analysis; R-genes; quantitative resistance; Solanum species ID RACE-SPECIFIC RESISTANCE; LATE BLIGHT; CONFERRING RESISTANCE; FIELD-RESISTANCE; QTL ANALYSIS; POTATO; ALLELES; MARKERS; PROGENY; TOMATO AB Previously published data for potato foliage resistance to late blight were examined in a combined analysis to determine how the genetic backgrounds of the host and pathogen affect the occurrence of resistance QTLs. Data from 19 diploid populations and one tetraploid population that originated from at least 12 different tuber-bearing Solanum species were included. Comparative analysis across all populations revealed three highly active genomic regions on the distal parts of chromosomes 3, 4, and 5. The region most consistently detected that conferred foliage resistance in Solanum was located on chromosome 5, near marker locus GP21. A previously identified cluster of three race-specific R-genes on chromosome 11 was not associated with polygenic resistance. Statistical examination of active QTLs indicates that congruence among QTLs is significantly affected by both genetic relatedness of mapping populations and race of Phytophthora infestans used for resistance tests. The proportion of congruent QTLs for late blight resistance decreased from 0.52 detected in related Solanum populations tested with the same race of Phytophthora infestans to 0.20 found in unrelated mapping populations tested with different races of Phytophthora infestans. Analysis of resistance mapping tests provided statistical evidence for the occurrence of race-specific QTLs in tuber-bearing Solanum. The highly conserved genomic regions identified in the comparative analysis are likely to be good candidates for gene cloning or marker assisted selection in potato breeding programs. C1 ARS, Vegetable Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Simko, I (reprint author), ARS, Vegetable Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Simko, Ivan/J-6048-2012 OI Simko, Ivan/0000-0002-8769-8477 NR 31 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 3 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 79 IS 2 BP 125 EP 132 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 539QX UT WOS:000174882900006 ER PT J AU Novy, RG Corsini, DL Love, SL Pavek, JJ Mosley, AR James, SR Hane, DC Shock, CC Rykbost, KA Brown, CR Thornton, RE AF Novy, RG Corsini, DL Love, SL Pavek, JJ Mosley, AR James, SR Hane, DC Shock, CC Rykbost, KA Brown, CR Thornton, RE TI Bannock Russet: A dual-purpose, russet potato cultivar with high USNo. 1 yield and multiple disease resistances SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solanum tuberosum; cultivar; release ID GERMPLASM AB Bannock Russet, a late-maturing, long russet potato cultivar, was released in 1999 by the USDA-ARS and the experiment stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. It is suitable for processing into french fries and other frozen products. Its attractive russeted skin and excellent culinary qualities also make it suitable for fresh market. Bannock Russet, in comparisons with Russet Burbank, has consistently produced greater U.S. No. 1 yields in trials conducted throughout southern Idaho. In other western trial sites, total yields of Bannock Russet have been comparable to or smaller than that of Russet Burbank, but its percentage of undersize and cull potatoes is consistently less. Bannock Russet is resistant to potato virus Y (PVY), Verticillium wilt, common scab, and leafroll net necrosis. It also has moderate resistance to early blight (foliar and tuber) and Erwinia soft rot. With respect to other potato diseases/disorders, Bannock Russet's level of susceptibility is similar to that of Russet Burbank; the exception being shatter bruise, with Bannock Russet displaying a greater susceptibility. Cultural management guidelines have been developed to minimize shatter bruise in Bannock Russet. Bannock Russet's multiple disease resistances coupled with its low nitrogen requirement, make it a low-input cultivar that could significantly reduce growers' production costs. C1 ARS, USDA, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Univ Idaho, Aberdeen R&E Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Cent Oregon Expt Stn, Redmond, OR 97756 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hermiston Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Hermiston, OR 97838 USA. Oregon State Univ, Malheur Expt Stn, Ontario, OR 97914 USA. Oregon State Univ, Klamath Expt Stn, Klamath Falls, OR 97603 USA. ARS, USDA, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Novy, RG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. NR 9 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 79 IS 2 BP 147 EP 153 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 539QX UT WOS:000174882900009 ER PT J AU Van Oostveldt, K Tomita, GM Paape, MJ Capuco, AV Burvenich, C AF Van Oostveldt, K Tomita, GM Paape, MJ Capuco, AV Burvenich, C TI Apoptosis of bovine neutrophils during mastitis experimentally induced with Escherichia coli or endotoxin SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY BURST ACTIVITY; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; AGING NEUTROPHILS; MAMMARY-GLAND; COWS; LEUKOCYTES; CLEARANCE; RECEPTOR; ADHESION AB Objective-To determine whether apoptosis of neutrophils was accelerated during mastits experimentally induced by use of Escherichia coli or E coli endotoxin and whether differences were apparent in the response to E coli or endotoxin. Animals-11 healthy lactating Holstein cows. Procedure-Blood samples were collected from cows at various intervals after intramammary inoculation with E coli or endotoxin. Percentage of apoptotic neutrophils detected after in vitro incubation for 3 hours was determined. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled annexin-V in combination with propidium iodide was used to distinguish apoptosis and necrosis of neutrophils. Total and differential circulating leukocyte counts and rectal temperature were determined at the time of collection of blood samples. Milk yield and milk somatic cell counts were determined at the time of milking. Results-Inoculation of endotoxin did not accelerate in vitro induction of neutrophil apoptosis. However, inoculation of E coli increased the percentage of apoptotic neutrophils. At 18 hours after inoculation, 20% of the neutrophils were apoptotic, compared with 5% before inoculation. Milk somatic cell count and rectal temperature increased, milk production and total leukocyte count decreased, and percentage of immature neutrophils increased after inoculation with E coli or endotoxin. However, kinetics of the responses were more rapid, more severe, and of shorter duration during, endotoxin-induced mastitis. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-In vitro induction of apoptosis of neutrophils was accelerated only during E col induced mastitis and not during endotoxin-induced mastitis. Endotoxin inoculation as a model for studying coliform mastitis in dairy cows should be viewed with caution. C1 USDA ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. State Univ Ghent, Fac Vet Med, Dept Physiol Biochem & Biometr, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. RP Paape, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 63 IS 3 BP 448 EP 453 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.448 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 526ML UT WOS:000174134200024 PM 11911583 ER PT J AU Kim, H Nochetto, C McConnell, LL AF Kim, H Nochetto, C McConnell, LL TI Gas-phase analysis of trimethylamine, proplonic and butyric acids, and sulfur compounds using solid-phase microextraction SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIVESTOCK WASTES; ELECTRONIC NOSE; AIR; WATER; IDENTIFICATION; QUANTIFICATION; VOLATILES; SAMPLES; FIBERS AB Complaints due to odors are an important problem for the wastewater, composting, and animal agriculture industries. Accurate, objective measurement techniques are needed to monitor emissions, to develop new waste handling procedures, and to reduce the production of these volatile gases. Solid-phase microextraction was investigated as a technique for the determination of representative odorous gases. A flow-through Teflon chamber was used to expose the fibers to certified gas standards. A 75-mum carboxen-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (Car-PDMS) coating was, used for trimethylamine (TMA), carbon disulfide (CS2), dimethylsulfide (DMS), and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), and an 85-mum polyacrylate coating was used for propionic acid (PA) and butyric acid (BA). Using a 1-h fiber exposure time and a flow rate through the chamber of 72 mL/min, method detection limits were 2.38, 0.074, 0.150, 0.063, 1.85, and 1.32 ppbv for TMA, DMS, CS2, DMDS, PA, and BA, respectively. Enhanced detector signal was observed for all analytes under flow conditions, as compared to static conditions, and the porous nature of the Car-PDMS coating appears to increase the time needed for analytes to reach equilibrium under flow conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Chem Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP McConnell, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Environm Chem Lab, Room 225,Bldg 007, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 43 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 5 BP 1054 EP 1060 DI 10.1021/ac010960 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 527LQ UT WOS:000174187900022 PM 11924963 ER PT J AU Hardegree, SP Jones, TA Van Vactor, SS AF Hardegree, SP Jones, TA Van Vactor, SS TI Variability in thermal response of primed and non-primed seeds of squirreltail [Elymus elymoides (Raf.) swezey and Elymus multisetus (J. G. Smith) M. E. Jones] SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE germination; priming; temperature; Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey; Elymus multisetus (J. G. Smith) M. E. Jones; squirreltail; model ID TAENIATHERUM-CAPUT-MEDUSAE; SURFACE SOIL-TEMPERATURE; S-AND-H; GERMINATION RATE; CONSTANT TEMPERATURES; GRAIN LEGUMES; RANGE GRASSES; SEEDLING EMERGENCE; PRIMING TREATMENTS; FIELD EMERGENCE AB Bottlebrush squirreltail [Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey = Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) J. G. Smith] and big squirreltail [Elymus multisetus (J. G. Smith) M. E. Jones = Sitanion jubatum (J. G. Smith)] have a broad geographical distribution and have been identified as high priority species for restoration of degraded rangelands in the western United States. These rangelands exhibit high annual and seasonal variability in seedbed microclimate. The objective of this study was to examine variability in thermal response of both primed and non-primed seeds of these species in the context of field-variable temperature regimes. Seed priming treatments were selected to optimize germination rate in a low-temperature test environment. Primed and non-primed seeds were evaluated for laboratory germination response under 12 constant temperature treatments between 3 and 36 degreesC. Thermal time and base temperature were estimated by regression analysis of germination rate as a function of temperature in the sub-optimal temperature range. The thermal germination model and 6 years of field temperature data were used to simulate the potential germination response under different field planting scenarios. Seed priming reduced the total germination percentage of some seedlots, especially at higher germination temperatures. Seed priming increased the germination rate (reduced the number of days to 50 % germination) by 3.8-8.4 d at 6 degreesC with a mean germination advancement of 6.9 +/- 0.6 d. Maximum germination advancement in the model simulations was 5-10 d for planting dates between 1 March and 15 May. Model simulations can be used to expand germination analysis beyond simple treatment comparisons, to include a probabilistic description of potential germination response under historical or potential future conditions of seedbed microclimate. (C) 2002 Annals of Botany Company. C1 Agr Res Serv, USDA, Nw Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Hardegree, SP (reprint author), Agr Res Serv, USDA, Nw Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. NR 57 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 89 IS 3 BP 311 EP 319 DI 10.1093/aob/mcf043 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 537RZ UT WOS:000174774500008 PM 12096743 ER PT J AU Day, WH AF Day, WH TI Biology, host preferences, and abundance of Mesochorus curvulus (Hymenoptera : lchneumonidae), a hyperparasite of Peristenus spp. (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) parasitizing plant bugs (Miridae : Hemiptera) in alfalfa-grass forage crops SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Mesochorus; Peristenus; Miridae; parasites; hyperparasites; biological control ID DIGONEUTIS HYMENOPTERA; UNITED-STATES AB Mesochorus curvulus Thomson was the only secondary parasite (hyperparasite) reared from six primary parasites (Braconidae: five Peristenus spp., one Leiophron sp.) collected in the field, in their mirid hosts. These six braconids parasitized nymphs of four species of phytophagous plant bugs, two (Leptopterna, Trigonotylus) feeding on forage grasses, and two (Adelphocoris, Lygus) feeding on alfalfa. The principal samples were collected weekly and biweekly on commercial farms in northwestern New Jersey over a 10-yr period. Although M. cumulus attacked six primary parasite species, it preferred Peristenus pallipes (Curtis), which in turn preferred the two non-native, grass-feeding mirids. These preferences suggest that both P. pallipes and M. curvulus are also not native to North America. Rates of hyperparasitism were higher in the most abundant primary parasites, so were density-dependent. The low hyperparasitism rates observed (1-11%) indicate that Mesochorus does not have a strong negative effect on the primary parasites, several of which are useful in biological control of plant pests. Diapause in Mesochorus appears to be regulated by the primary parasite rather than by photoperiod. The sex ratio of M. curvulus was normal (55% female). C1 ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Lab, USDA, Newark, DE 19713 USA. RP Day, WH (reprint author), ARS, Beneficial Insects Res Lab, USDA, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 95 IS 2 BP 218 EP 222 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095[0218:BHPAAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 600CM UT WOS:000178373100011 ER PT J AU Rychlik, JL Russell, JB AF Rychlik, JL Russell, JB TI Bacteriocin-like activity of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens JL5 and its effect on other ruminal bacteria and ammonia production SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACID-FERMENTING BACTERIA; IN-VITRO; MONENSIN; ANTAGONISM; DIGESTION; RUMEN AB When ruminal bacteria from a cow fed hay were serially diluted into an anaerobic medium that had only peptides and amino acids as energy sources, little growth or ammonia production was detected at dilutions greater than 10(-6). The 10(-8) and 10(-9) dilutions contained bacteria that fermented carbohydrates, and some of these bacteria inhibited Clostridium sticklandii SR, an obligate amino acid-fermenting bacterium. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the most active isolate (JL5) was closely related to Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens B835. Strain JL5 inhibited B. fibrisolvens 49 and a variety of other gram-positive organisms, but it had little effect on most gram-negative ruminal bacteria. Strain JL5 did not produce a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) until it reached the late log or stationary phase. The JL5 BLIS did not cause the lysis of B. fibrisolvens 49, but the intracellular potassium level, the ATP level, the electrical potential, and the viability decreased rapidly. The JL5 BLIS also caused marked decreases in the viability and cellular potassium level of C sticklandii SR. The membrane potential and intracellular ATP level also declined. The BLIS was degraded very slowly by pronase E, but it could be precipitated with 60% ammonium sulfate and dialyzed (3,500-Da cutoff). The BLIS could be separated from other peptides by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and C sticklandii SR overlays indicated that the molecular size of this compound was approximately 3,600 Da. Based on these results, it appeared that the JL5 BLIS was a pore-forming peptide. Because carbohydrate-fermenting ruminal bacteria could inhibit the growth of obligate amino acid-fermenting bacteria, BLIS may play a role in regulating ammonia production in vivo. C1 Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Microbiol Sect, Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 68 IS 3 BP 1040 EP 1046 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.3.1040-1046.2002 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 527UL UT WOS:000174206200004 PM 11872448 ER PT J AU van Berkum, P Eardly, BD AF van Berkum, P Eardly, BD TI The aquatic budding bacterium Blastobacter denitrificans is a nitrogen-fixing symbiont of Aeschynomene indica SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; BRADYRHIZOBIA; BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL; RHIZOBIACEAE; CAPSULATUS; NOV.; FORM AB Blastobacter spp. are freshwater bacteria that form rosette structures by cellular attachment to a common base. Comparative analyses of ribosomal 16S rRNA gene and internally transcribed spacer region sequences indicated that B. denitrificans is a member of the alpha-subdivision of Proteobacteria. Among the alpha-Proteobacteria, B. denitrificans was related to a cluster of genera, including Rhodopseudomonas palustris,Afipia felis, Nitrobacter hamburgensis, and Bradyrhizobium spp. Although the precise phylogenetic relationships among these genera could not be established with a high degree of confidence, the sequences of B. denitrificans and several bradyrhizobial isolates from nodules of Aeschynomene indica were almost identical. Bradyrhizobia are bacteria that form nitrogen-fixing symbioses with legumes, including soybeans (Glycine max) and members of the genus Aeschynomene. From symbiotic infectiveness tests we demonstrated that the type strain for B. denitrificans, IFAM 1005, was capable of forming an effective nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with A. indica. Not only do these results reveal a previously unknown ecological adaptation of a relatively obscure aquatic bacterium, but they also demonstrate how evidence gathered from molecular systematic analyses can sometimes provide clues for predicting ecological behavior. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Penn State Berks Lehigh Valley Coll, Reading, PA 19610 USA. RP van Berkum, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Soybean & Alfalfa Res Lab, HH-4,Bldg 010,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 35 TC 58 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 68 IS 3 BP 1132 EP 1136 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.3.1132-1136.2002 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 527UL UT WOS:000174206200016 PM 11872460 ER PT J AU Jin, YS Jones, S Shi, NQ Jeffries, TW AF Jin, YS Jones, S Shi, NQ Jeffries, TW TI Molecular cloning of XYL3 (D-xylulokinase) from Pichia stipitis and characterization of its physiological function SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DEHYDROGENASE GENE; PACHYSOLEN-TANNOPHILUS; ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; XYLULOSE FERMENTATION; XYLITOL DEHYDROGENASE; XYLOSE FERMENTATION; PRODUCT FORMATION; CANDIDA-SHEHATAE AB XYL3, which encodes a D-xylulokinase (EC 2.7.1.17), was isolated from Pichia stipitis CBS 6054 genomic DNA by using primers designed against conserved motifs. Disruption of XYL3 eliminated D-Xylulokinase activity, but D-ribulokinase activity was still present. Southern analysis of P. stipitis genomic DNA with XYL3 as a probe confirmed the disruption and did not reveal additional related genes. Disruption of XYL3 stopped ethanol production from xylose, but the resulting mutant still assimilated xylose slowly and formed xylitol and arabinitol. These results indicate that XYL3 is critical for ethanol production from xylose but that P. stipitis has another pathway for xylose assimilation. Expression of XYL3 using its P. stipitis promoter increased Saccharomyces cere. visiae D-xylulose consumption threefold and enabled the transformants to produce ethanol from a mixture of xylose and xylulose, whereas the parental strain only accumulated xylitol. In vitro, D-xylulokinase activity in recombinant S. cerevisiae was sixfold higher with a multicopy than with a single-copy XYL3 plasmid, but ethanol production decreased with increased copy number. These results confirmed the function of XYL3 in S. cerevisiae. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Jeffries, TW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012; Jin, Yong-Su/L-4530-2013 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065; NR 52 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 68 IS 3 BP 1232 EP 1239 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.3.1232-1239.2002 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 527UL UT WOS:000174206200029 PM 11872473 ER PT J AU Bura, R Mansfield, SD Saddler, JN Bothast, RJ AF Bura, R Mansfield, SD Saddler, JN Bothast, RJ TI SO2-catalyzed steam explosion of corn fiber for ethanol production SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY MAY 06-09, 2001 CL BRECKENRIDGE, COLORADO SP US DOE, Off Fuels Dev, US DOE, Off Ind Technologies, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol, Archer Daniels Midland, Adv Technol Prog, BBI Int Inc, Breckenridge Brewery, Cargill Dow LLC, Calif Inst Food & Agr Res, Coore Brewing Co, Corn Refiners Assoc, Diversa Corp, EI DuPont Nemours & Co, Iogen Corp, Nat Res, Canada, Royal Nedalco BV, Novozymes Biotech, Tate & Lyle, Tembec DE corn fiber; steam pretreatment; enzymatic hydrolysis; fermentation; ethanol ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE ADDITION; SOFTWOOD PINUS-RADIATA; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; DOUGLAS-FIR; WOOD; CONVERSION AB Corn fiber, a by-product of the corn wet-milling industry, represents a renewable resource that is readily available in significant quantities and could potentially serve as a low-cost feedstock for the production of fuel-grade alcohol. In this study, we used a batch reactor to steam explode corn fiber at various degrees of severity to evaluate the potential of using this feedstock in the bioconversion process. The results indicated that maximum sugar yields (soluble and following enzymatic hydrolysis) were recovered from corn fiber that was pretreated at 190degreesC for 5 min with 6% SO2. Sequential SO2-catalyzed steam explosion and enzymatic hydrolysis resulted in very high conversion (81%) of all polysaccharides in the corn fiber to monomeric sugars. Subsequently, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was able to convert the resultant corn fiber hydrolysates to ethanol very efficiently, yielding 90-96% of theoretical conversion during the fermentation process. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Wood Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Mansfield, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RI Saddler, Jack (John)/A-9103-2013 NR 32 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 11 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2002 VL 98 BP 59 EP 72 DI 10.1385/ABAB:98-100:1-9:59 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 546DZ UT WOS:000175257800007 PM 12018284 ER PT J AU Dunn, TA Misra, SK Barker, GL Baker, RV AF Dunn, TA Misra, SK Barker, GL Baker, RV TI Predicting lint cleaner efficiency and fiber quality characteristics in cotton ginning SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE ginning; lint cleaning; lint quality; simulation AB This study updates nine lint cleaner and fiber quality relationships (non-lint content, lint cleaner efficiency, fiber strength, micronaire reading, fibergraph length, uniformity ratio, percentage of lint in gin waste, colorimeter reflectance, and colorimeter plus b) by using recent experimental data. These relationships provide a means to evaluate the effects of alternative gin configurations and initial cotton properties on ginning performance and to identify a machine sequence in the ginning process that would optimize quality characteristics of the saleable fiber. The levels of many quality attributes in cotton continue to play an increasingly important role in the cotton pricing system. The market clearly assigns a value to each quality characteristic embodied in cotton, thereby directly affecting the price that producers receive in the market. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. ARS, USDA, Lubbock, TX USA. RP Misra, SK (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, POB 42132, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 141 EP 146 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 550ZF UT WOS:000175534400001 ER PT J AU Anthony, WS AF Anthony, WS TI Influence of cotton varieties and gin machinery on trash particles SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE cotton; pepper-trash; ginning; varieties AB Small trash particles create serious operational problems for textile mills during spinning. Samples of cotton from five studies involving numerous gin machinery sequences, moisture levels, cotton varieties, and two harvesting methods (spindle and stripper) were evaluated before and after gin processing. The foreign matter before any cleaning, after cleaning of the seed cotton, and ginning and lint cleaning was measured. The particle sizes of the foreign matter in the ginned and cleaned lint were evaluated with an Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS). The more aggressive seed cotton cleaning and lint cleaning machinery treatments produced the lowest levels of all types of trash particles including the particles 50 to 500 microns and 500 to 1000 microns, which include the sizes of concern to the textile industry. Very large differences also occurred as a result of different varieties, harvesting methods, and field locations. C1 ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Anthony, WS (reprint author), ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, USDA, POB 256, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 183 EP 195 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 550ZF UT WOS:000175534400007 ER PT J AU Humphry, JB Daniel, TC Edwards, DR Sharpley, AN AF Humphry, JB Daniel, TC Edwards, DR Sharpley, AN TI A portable rainfall simulator for plot-scale runoff studies SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE rain simulator; runoff; water quality; erosion ID EXTRACTABLE SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; EROSION AB Rainfall simulators have a long history of successful use in both laboratory and field investigations. Man), plot-scale simulators, however have been difficult to operate and transport in the field, especially in remote locations where water or electricity is unavailable. This article describes a new rainfall simulator that is relatively easy to operate and transport to and from the field while maintaining critical intensity, distribution, and energy characteristics of natural rainfall. The simulator frame is constructed from lightweight aluminum pipe with a single 50 WSQ nozzle centered at a height of 3 m (9.8 ft). An operating nozzle pressure of 28 kPa (4.1 psi) yields continuous flow at an intensity of 70 min h(-1) (2.8 in. h(-1)) over a 1.5- x 2-m (4.9- x 6.6-ft) plot area with a coefficient of uniformity of 93%. Kinetic energy of the rainfall is about 25 J m(-2) mm(-1) (142.8ft-lb ft(-2) in.(-1)), approximately 87% of natural rainfall. The simulator can be easily, transported by two field personnel and completely assembled or disassembled in approximately. 10 min. Water usage is at a minimum as the simulator utilizes only one nozzle. C1 Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. ARS, USDA, University Pk, PA USA. RP Daniel, TC (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, PTSC 009, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 30 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 199 EP 204 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 550ZF UT WOS:000175534400008 ER PT J AU Mehl, PM Chao, K Kim, M Chen, YR AF Mehl, PM Chao, K Kim, M Chen, YR TI Detection of defects on selected apple cultivars using hyperspectral and multispectral image analysis SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE food safety; fruit; machine vision; spectroscopy ID BRUISES AB Apple defects cause food safety concerns touching the general public and strongly affect the commodity, market. Because accumulations of human pathogens are usually observed on surface lesions, detection of lesions is essential for assuring quality and safety. This article presents the application of hyperspectral image analysis to the development of multispectral techniques for the detection of defects on three apple cultivars: Golden Delicious, Red Delicious, and Gala. Two steps were performed: (1) hyperspectral image analysis to characterize spectral features of apples for the specific selection of filters to design the multispectral imaging system and (2) multispectral imaging for rapid detection of apple contaminations. Good isolation of scabs, fungal, soil contaminations, and bruises was observed with hyperspectral imaging using either principal component analysis or the chlorophyll absorption peak. This hyperspectral analysis allowed the determination of three spectral bands capable of separating normal from contaminated apples. These spectral bands were implemented in a multispectral imaging system with specific band pass filters to detect apple contaminations. In this preliminary work with 153 samples, good separation between normal and contaminated apples was obtained for Gala (95%) and Golden Delicious (85%). However separations were limited for Red Delicious (76%). C1 ARS, USDA, ISL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Vitreous State Lab, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Chao, K (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ISL, Bldg 303,BARC E,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 66 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 219 EP 226 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 550ZF UT WOS:000175534400011 ER PT J AU Anthony, WS AF Anthony, WS TI Separation of fiber from seed flax straw SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE decortication; ginning; fiber; shive ID ENZYMES AB Flay can be grown for either fiber seed, or both. All flax fibers used by the U.S. textile industry are imported from other countries. The seed flax stalk is usually considered a waste product but it can be separated into fiber and shive. The fiber can then be used for applications not requiring the long fiber from fiber flax such as composites and paper The separation of fiber from fiber flax stalks is a rigorous and expensive process that requires the stalk to be biologically, degraded (retted) before processing, and is not feasible for seed flax stalks. This study evaluated the effectiveness of cotton gin machinery in separating the fiber from the shive in the stalk. Machines known in the cotton industry as cylinder cleaners, impact cleaners, trashmasters, stick machines, and saw-ope lint cleaners were considered individually and in combination. The stalks were chopped into 5.1-cm (2-in.) lengths before they, were processed through the machine treatments. The initial straw in this article contained about 20% fiber Results of three separate studies involving over 25, 000 kg (55, 000 lb) produced fiber contents ranging from 9.6 to 15.8%. The effectiveness of several combinations was about the same, but the most effective was three cylinder cleaners followed by one saw-type lint cleaner which produced 13.7% fiber at 86.1% purity,. The degree of retting is the single most important factor governing the mechanical separation of the fiber from the stalk. C1 ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Anthony, WS (reprint author), ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, USDA, POB 256, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 18 IS 2 BP 227 EP 233 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 550ZF UT WOS:000175534400012 ER PT J AU Sims, GK Wander, MM AF Sims, GK Wander, MM TI Proteolytic activity under nitrogen or sulfur limitation SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE enzyme regulation; azocoll; nutrient cycling ID NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; SOIL; AZOCOLL AB Sand cultures were used to evaluate the effect of C, N, and S ratio on protein degradation by soil microorganism. Sand was inoculated with soil and amended with defined nutrient media to produce limitation for C, N, or S. Limitation for N or S resulted in reduced biomass (total protein) and increased proteolytic activity as indicated by measurements of dye released from a commercial protease substrate (azocoll). Carbon limitation had little effect on proteolytic activity. As expected, utilization of carbon (glucose) was dependent upon the availability of N or S. Protein synthesis inhibitors (chloramphenicol and cycloheximide) suppressed proteolytic activity, suggesting a need for new gene expression in the response of organisms to N or S stress. Correlations of proteolytic activity and biomass among treatments revealed distinctly different relationships depending upon the availability of C, N, or S. The results of this experiment support a role of proteolytic activity in response of microorganisms to N or S deprivation and suggest that protease activity in soil is more strongly influenced by regulatory signals than by standing biomass. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Invas Weed Management Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Natl Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Sims, GK (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Invas Weed Management Unit, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Sims, Gerald/A-2500-2008 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 19 IS 3 BP 217 EP 221 AR PII S0929-1393(01)00192-5 DI 10.1016/S0929-1393(01)00192-5 PG 5 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 580MZ UT WOS:000177239500003 ER PT J AU Sandu, SI Boardman, GD Watten, BJ Brazil, BL AF Sandu, SI Boardman, GD Watten, BJ Brazil, BL TI Factors influencing the nitrification efficiency of fluidized bed filter with a plastic bead medium SO AQUACULTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE nitrification; plastic bead medium; upflow bead filter; aquaculture; recirculating system ID STEADY-STATE; BIOFILM; CULTURE; PERFORMANCE; SYSTEMS; DESIGN AB The performance of fluidized bed nitrification filters charged with 2 x 4 ABS plastic beads (specific gravity 1.06) was evaluated. Three unique bed-height to diameter ratios were established, in triplicate, using column diameters of 12.7, 15.2 and 17.8 cm. Filters received water spiked with recycled nutrients and ammonia (TAN), from one of the three 500 1 feed tank system. With daily ammonia loading fixed at 8.6 g per system, TAN removal increased with column diameter at each of four tests hydraulic loading rates (6, 8, 10 and 12 Lpm). TAN in recirculated water (influent) rose from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/l as ammonia loading increased from 180 mg/m(2)-day to 360 mg/m(2)-day. When hydraulic loading was axed at 12 Lpm, TAN removal (%) was maximized with ammonia loadings ranging from 225 to 270 mg/m(2)-day. Biofilm thickness increased with ammonia loading, but decreased with increased hydraulic loading rates. Fluidized beds of ABS plastic beads were effective in reducing energy costs (head loss) of water treatment. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resource Div, LeeTown Sci Ctr, Kearneysville, WV USA. ARS, USDA, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Sandu, SI (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM ssandu@vt.edu RI Lucas, Elizabeth/E-2733-2010 NR 31 TC 24 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8609 J9 AQUACULT ENG JI Aquac. Eng. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 26 IS 1 BP 41 EP 59 AR PII S0144-8609(02)00003-1 DI 10.1016/S0144-8609(02)00003-1 PG 19 WC Agricultural Engineering; Fisheries SC Agriculture; Fisheries GA 543HQ UT WOS:000175095900004 ER PT J AU Shulman, RJ AF Shulman, RJ TI Effect of enteral administration of insulin on intestinal development and feeding tolerance in preterm infants: a pilot study SO ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD LA English DT Article ID LACTASE ACTIVITY; ORAL INSULIN; PREMATURE-INFANTS; CONTROLLED TRIALS; SUCKLING MICE; ORGAN-CULTURE; RAT; HORMONES; PERMEABILITY; MATURATION AB Objective: To determine in a pilot study whether enteral administration of insulin to preterm infants (26-29 weeks of gestational age) would enhance gastrointestinal development and reduce feed intolerance without adverse effects. Design: Eight preterm infants were given 4 U/kg/day insulin enterally from 4 to 28 days of age. Lactase activity was measured at 28 days of age, while measures of feed intolerance were made throughout the hospital stay. The results were compared with those of a matched historical cohort of 80 preterm infants. Setting: Tertiary care, university affiliated hospital. Main outcome measures: Lactase activity and feed intolerance. Results: No adverse effects, such as hypoglycaemia, were observed after administration of insulin. The infants who received insulin had higher lactase activity and less feed intolerance than the controls (30% shorter time to full enteral feeds; fewer gastric residuals per infant). Conclusions: These preliminary data suggest that enteral insulin administration may be of benefit in reducing feed intolerance in preterm infants. A randomised, blinded trial is warranted. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Shulman, RJ (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0003-9888 J9 ARCH DIS CHILD JI Arch. Dis. Child. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 86 IS 2 SI SI BP 131 EP 133 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 532RL UT WOS:000174488800015 ER PT J AU Hu, JS Gelman, DB Blackburn, MB AF Hu, JS Gelman, DB Blackburn, MB TI Growth and development of Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera : Aphelinidae) in the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorium (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae): Effect of host age SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE greenhouse whitefly; Encarsia formosa; parositoid development; parasitoid morphology; host-parasite interactions ID BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; APANTELES-CONGREGATUS; INUNDATIVE RELEASES; MANDUCA-SEXTA; LEPIDOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; POINSETTIA; NOCTUIDAE; HELIOTHIS AB The tiny parasitoid wasp, Encarsia formosa, has been used successfully to control greenhouse whiteflies (GHWFs) in greenhouses in many countries throughout the world, Therefore, there has been considerable interest in developing methods for artificially rearing this wasp, However, little information is available concerning the regulation of its development including the host-parasitoid interactions that are required for the parasitoid to complete its life cycle, Here we confirm that parasitoid developmental rates differ significantly based upon the host instar parasitized. Development was faster when 3rd and 4th instar GHWFs were offered for parasitization than when 1st or 2nd instars were used. Our results show that it is primarily the embryo and the first two parasitoid instars that exhibit prolonged developmental times when 1st and 2nd instar whiteflies are parasitized. Although percent emergence was not affected by host age at the time of parasitization, adult longevity as well as adult emergence pattern varied greatly depending upon the instar parasitized. When 3rd and 4th instar GHWFs were selected for oviposition, adult wasps lived significantly longer than when 1st or 2nd instars were used; also, there was a sharp emergence peak on the 2nd day after emergence was first observed (reduced or absent when 1st or 2nd instar GHWFs were parasitized) and the emergence period was reduced from between 8 and 11 days to 5 days. In general, the younger the host instar parasitized, the less synchronous was parasitoid development. Previous reports that E. formosa will not molt to the 2nd instar until the host has reached its 4th instar were not confirmed. When 1st instar host nymphs were parasitized, 2nd instar parasitoids were detected in 3rd instar hosts. Importantly, however, no matter which instar was parasitized, the parasitoid never malted to its lost instar until the host hod reached Stage 5 of its lost instar, a stage in which host pharate adult formation has been initiated, It appears, then, that a condition(s) associated with host pharate adult formation is required for the parasitoid's final larval molt. Results reported here should facilitate the development of in vitro rearing systems for E. formosa. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gelman, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, B-306,Rm 316,BARC-E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 49 IS 3 BP 125 EP 136 DI 10.1002/arch.10015 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 527FR UT WOS:000174176500001 PM 11857673 ER PT J AU Bostom, AG Jacques, PF Liaugaudas, G Rogers, G Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J AF Bostom, AG Jacques, PF Liaugaudas, G Rogers, G Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J TI Total homocysteine lowering artery disease patients in the treatment among coronary era of folic acid-fortified cereal grain flour SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE B vitamins; randomized trial; treatment efficacy ID SERUM HOMOCYSTEINE; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; CONTROLLED TRIAL; THERAPY; FOLATE; VITAMIN-B-6; HOMOCYST(E)INE; FORTIFICATION; METABOLISM AB The prevalence of deficient plasma folate status and elevated total plasma levels of homocysteine (tHcy), have been dramatically reduced after fortification of all enriched cereal grain flour products with folic acid at 140 mug/100 g flour. Against this new background fortification, we evaluated the tHcy-lowering efficacy of pharmacological dose, folic acid-based vitamin B supplementation among stable coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Using a 2x2 factorial design, 1,31 stable CAD patients (mean age 60.1 years; 29.8% women) were randomly assigned to receive a combination of folic acid 2.5 mg/d, riboflavin 5 mg/d, + B-12 0.4 mg/d, or placebo, with or without vitamin B-6 50 mg/d, for 12 weeks of treatment. ANCOVA adjusted for baseline fasting tHey levels revealed only very modest (ie, approximate to1.0 mumol/L), albeit statistically significant (P<0.05), reductions in mean fasting tHcy levels afforded by the folic acid-containing treatments. Additional analyses indicated that none of the treatments provided a statistically significant reduction in the 2-hour post-methionine increase in tHcy levels, relative to placebo treatment. CAD patients exposed to cereal grain flour products fortified with folic acid who receive high-dose, folic acid-containin a vitamin B regimens, experience only very modest reductions in their mean fasting plasma tHcy levels. These findings have important implications for the statistical power of clinical trials testing the hypothesis that tHcy-lowering treatment may reduce recurrent atherothrombotic event rates. C1 Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Renal Dis, Providence, RI 02903 USA. Mem Hosp Rhode Isl, Pawtucket, RI USA. Tufts Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr, Vitamin Bioavailabil Lab, Boston, MA USA. RP Bostom, AG (reprint author), Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Renal Dis, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01-HL-56908-01A1] NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 488 EP 491 DI 10.1161/hq0302.105369 PG 4 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 532FP UT WOS:000174461700022 PM 11884295 ER PT J AU Larios, GB Sivinski, J Holler, T Aluja, M AF Larios, GB Sivinski, J Holler, T Aluja, M TI The effects of chilling on the fecundity and life span of mass-reared parasitoids (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE medfly; Diachasmimorpha; augmentative biological control; aerial releases ID SUPPRESSION; POPULATION AB Suppression of Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), populations may be achieved through the mass-rearing and augmentative aerial release of opiine braconid parasitoids. Typically, aerial release techniques require up to one hour of chilling of adult parasitoids at temperatures as low as 3.5degreesC prior to their dissemination. Such chilling potentially could affect the subsequent performance of the insects. Among three species of the genus Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead), tryoni (Cameron), and krausii (Fullaway) there was little or no affect of chilling in the laboratory on female longevity, production of daughters, or offspring sex ratio. This is consistent with previous experiments that found chilling to have no discernable effect on the short-term mortality of D. tryoni or on its ability to take flight immediately after aerial release. While there was little effect of chilling on longevity and fecundity in a species from another opiine genus, Fopius arisanus (Sonan), exposure to low temperatures did result in a significantly more male-biased offspring sex ratio. C1 ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Lab Aurora, Programa Moscamed, Guatemala City, Guatemala. APHIS, USDA, PPQ, PPPC,DPI, Gainesville, FL 32602 USA. Inst Ecol AC, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Sivinski, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 BP 205 EP 215 DI 10.1080/09583150120124469 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 532XQ UT WOS:000174500700006 ER PT J AU Pell, JK Vandenberg, JD AF Pell, JK Vandenberg, JD TI Interactions among the aphid Diuraphis noxia, the entomopathogenic fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and the coccinellid Hippodamia convergens SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; Hippodamia convergens; Diuraphis noxia; coccinellid; Russian wheat aphid; susceptibility; feeding behaviour; epizootiology; vector ID BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; NATURAL ENEMIES; HOMOPTERA; COLEOPTERA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; VIRULENCE; PREDATOR; INSECT AB Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wize) Brown & Smith is under development as a mycoinsecticide for control of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov. Interactions with other natural enemies within the agro-ecosystem, such as the coccinellid Hippodamia convergens Guerin, require evaluation before its potential can be realized. In laboratory bioassays H. convergens adults were sprayed with suspensions of P. fumosoroseus conidia at different concentrations (including potential Weld rates) and mortality assessed. Although a proportion of coccinellids succumbed to infection (the greatest proportion was 22% when the ladybirds had suffered stress) it is unlikely that they would be at risk from infection as a direct result of a spray application unless there were prolonged periods of high humidity or the coccinellids were stressed. When provided with uninfected or P. fumosoroseus-infected D. noxia cadavers as prey, coccinellids consumed more uninfected aphids. The predators never consumed aphid cadavers from which the fungus was erupting or sporulating. Hippodamia convergens is, therefore, unlikely to be a significant intraguild predator of P. fumosoroseus. Predators contaminated with conidia of P. fumosoroseus using different methods (sprayed coccinellids, coccinellids foraging on sprayed aphids, and those foraging in the presence of sporulating D. noxia cadavers) were able to transfer conidia to healthy D. noxia populations and initiate infection in a proportion of those aphids. The proportion of aphids becoming infected was greatest when the coccinellids became contaminated when foraging amongst sporulating cadavers. Some coccinellids also succumbed to infection under these conditions. C1 ARS, USDA, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. IACR Rothamsted, Plant & Invertebrate Ecol Div, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, Herts, England. RP Pell, JK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM judith.pell@bbsrc.ac.uk NR 23 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 EI 1360-0478 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1080/09583150120124478 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 532XQ UT WOS:000174500700007 ER PT J AU Bratkovich, SM AF Bratkovich, SM TI Creating a niche for urban wood residuals SO BIOCYCLE LA English DT Article C1 US Forest Serv, NE Area State & Private Forestry Div, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. RP Bratkovich, SM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Area State & Private Forestry Div, USDA, St Paul, MN USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU JG PRESS, INC PI EMMAUS PA 419 STATE AVE, EMMAUS, PA 18049 USA SN 0276-5055 J9 BIOCYCLE JI Biocycle PD MAR PY 2002 VL 43 IS 3 BP 31 EP 33 PG 3 WC Ecology; Soil Science SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA 538PE UT WOS:000174823600025 ER PT J AU Baeza-Larios, G Sivinski, J Holler, T Aluja, M AF Baeza-Larios, G Sivinski, J Holler, T Aluja, M TI The ability of Coptera haywardi (Ogloblin) (Hymenoptera : Diapriidae) to locate and attack the pupae of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera : Tephritidae), under seminatural conditions SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE medfly; biological control; augmentative release; pupal parasitoid; integrated pest management ID LONGICAUDATA ASHMEAD HYMENOPTERA; FLIES DIPTERA; ANASTREPHA SPP.; PARASITOIDS; BRACONIDAE; MEXICO AB In Latin America, the diapriid Coptera haywardi (Ogloblin) attacks the pupae of tephritid fruit flies. Anastrepha spp. are among its natural hosts, but in the laboratory it also develops in the exotic Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Field cage tests demonstrated that C. haywardi could locate and parasitize Mediterranean fruit fly pupae under seminatural conditions as found in a Guatemalan coffee plantation. A mean of 18.3% of the pupae buried artificially at depths of similar to5 mm were parasitized by C. haywardi, while those buried at 15 mm suffered 3.2% parasitism. In a laboratory experiment, larvae that buried themselves to pupate were not significantly more likely to be parasitized than artificially buried pupae, although they may have left a physical or chemical trail that betrayed their presence. Thus, the artificial burial of pupae is unlikely to grossly underestimate C. haywardi efficacy in the field. Another field cage test found that mortality levels due to unsuccessful parasitoid attacks were similar to those resulting from successful parasitism. Thus, the actual effect of a mass-release might be considerably greater than that suggested from parasitism data alone. The results are considered sufficiently positive to encourage further testing of C. haywardi as a biological control agent of the Mediterranean fruit fly. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Lab Aurora, Programa Moscamed, Guatemala City 01013, Guatemala. ARS, USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. APHIS, USDA, PPQ PPPC, GaPPL, Gainesville, FL 32602 USA. Inst Ecol, AC, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Baeza-Larios, G (reprint author), Lab Aurora, Programa Moscamed, Ave Hincapie & 18 Calle,Zona 13, Guatemala City 01013, Guatemala. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2002 VL 23 IS 3 BP 213 EP 218 DI 10.1006/bcon.2001.1010 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 530JQ UT WOS:000174354900001 ER PT J AU Guillen, L Aluja, M Equihua, M Sivinski, J AF Guillen, L Aluja, M Equihua, M Sivinski, J TI Performance of two fruit fly (Diptera : Tephritidae) pupal parasitoids (Coptera haywardi [Hymenoptera : Diapriidae] and Pachycrepoideus vindemiae [Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae]) under different environmental soil conditions SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Coptera haywardi; Pachycrepoideus vindemiae; pupal burial depth; Tephritidae; parasitoids; biological control; soil type ID FLIES DIPTERA; HOUSE-FLY; LARVAL-PUPAL; DEPTH; SUPPRESSION; POPULATION; PUPATION; MUSCIDAE; MEXICO AB We evaluated the performance of Coptera haywardi (Ogloblin) (Diapriidae) and Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani) (Pteromalidae), both hymenopteran pupal parasitoids of Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae). Performance was studied by manipulating the following environmental conditions in the laboratory: (1) soil type, (2) soil moisture content, (3) soil compaction, and (4) depth at which pupae were buried in the soil. There were two experiments: in the first, exposure time of pupae was held constant and in the second, it varied. In the first experiment, C. haywardi was significantly more effective than P. vindemiae in parasitizing fly pupae. With exposure time held constant (36 h), only soil type and pupal burial depth were significantly related to parasitism rates. While P. vindemiae only parasitized pupae located on the soil surface, C. haywardi attacked pupae that were buried up to 5 cm deep, performing better in clayey than in loamy soil. In the second experiment, exposure time (24, 36, 48, and 72 h) had no significant effect on parasitism rates, but soil type did. P. vindemiae again only attacked pupae on the soil surface while C. haywardi was also able to parasitize pupae that were buried up to 5 cm deep. We conclude that C. haywardi represents a viable candidate to replace the environmentally unfriendly P. vindemiae in augmentative biological control programs against fruit flies. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Inst Ecol, AC, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Aluja, M (reprint author), Inst Ecol, AC, Apartado Postal 63, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. OI Equihua, Miguel/0000-0001-5306-7397 NR 35 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2002 VL 23 IS 3 BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1006/bcon.2001.1011 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 530JQ UT WOS:000174354900002 ER PT J AU Bacon, CW Hinton, DM AF Bacon, CW Hinton, DM TI Endophytic and biological control potential of Bacillus mojavensis and related species SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; B. atrophaeus; B. licheniformis; B. mojavensis; B. subtilis; biological control; bacterial antagonism; bacterial endophyte; fumonisins; Fusarium moniliforme; fungi; maize; mycotoxin; Paenibacillus lentimorbus; P. popilliae; Zea mays ID ZEA-MAYS L; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; BACTERIAL ENDOPHYTES; EQUINE LEUKOENCEPHALOMALACIA; DIAZOTROPHIC BACTERIA; INFECTED GRASSES; UNITED-STATES; CORN; MAIZE; FUNGAL AB The identity of a patented endophytic bacterium was established by 16S rRNA sequence analysis as a strain of Bacillus mojavensis, a recently erected species within one of the B. subtilis subgroups. This strain of B. mojavensis is antagonistic to the fungus Fusarium moniliforme, an endophytic, mycotoxin-producing pathogen of maize and other plants. There, are five other species within this subgroup: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. atrophaeus, B. licheniformis, Brevibacterium halotolerans, Paenibacillus lentimorbus, and P. popilliae. The objectives of this research were to screen other isolates of B. mojavensis, B. subtilis, and the other closely related Bacillus species for endophytic colonizing capacity and to determine the in vitro antagonism to F. moniliforme in an effort to survey the distribution of these traits, which are desirable biological control qualities within the Bacillaceae. Antagonism was determined on nutrient agar, and endophytic colonization was established with maize plants following recovery of rifampin-resistant mutants generated from all strains used in the study. The study established that all 13 strains of B. mojavensis, isolated from major deserts of the world, endophytically colonized maize and were antagonists to F. moniliforme. The endophytic colonization of maize by R subtilis and other species within this subgroup of the Bacillaceae varied, as did antagonism, to F. moniliforme. Thus, this study suggests that endophytic colonization is another characteristic of the species B. mojavensis. The endophytic habit and demonstrated antagonism to the test fungus indicate that isolates of this species might prove to be important biological control organisms where the endophytic habit is desired. C1 ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. RP Bacon, CW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 56 TC 71 Z9 84 U1 8 U2 30 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2002 VL 23 IS 3 BP 274 EP 284 DI 10.1006/bcon.2001.1016 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 530JQ UT WOS:000174354900009 ER PT J AU Xiao, K Kinkel, LL Samac, DA AF Xiao, K Kinkel, LL Samac, DA TI Biological control of Phytophthora root rots on alfalfa and soybean with Streptomyces SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE antibiosis; biological control; Glysine max; Medicago sativa ID F-SP GLYCINEA; BACILLUS-CEREUS UW85; SP-MEDICAGINIS; DAMPING-OFF; MEGASPERMA; METALAXYL; SOJAE; RESISTANCE; RACES; SURVIVAL AB A collection of 53 antibiotic-producing Streptomyces isolated from soils from Minnesota, Nebraska, and Washington were evaluated for their ability to inhibit plant pathogenic Phytophthora medicaginis and Phytophthora sojae in vitro. Eight isolates having the greatest pathogen-inhibitory capabilities were subsequently tested for their ability to control Phytophthora root rots on alfalfa and soybean in sterilized vermiculite and naturally infested field soil. The Streptomyces isolates tested significantly reduced root rot severity in alfalfa and soybean caused by P. medicaginis and P. sojae, respectively (P < 0.05). On alfalfa, isolates varied in their effect on plant disease severity, percentage dead plants, and plant biomass in the presence of the pathogen. The same eight isolates of Streptomyces were also tested for inhibitory activities against each other and against three strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and two strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti isolated from soybean and alfalfa, respectively. Streptomyces isolates clustered into two major compatibility groups: isolates within the same group were noninhibitory toward one another in vitro. The compatibility groups corresponded with groupings obtained based upon inhibition of B. japonicum and S. meliloti strains. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Xiao, K (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 47 TC 66 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2002 VL 23 IS 3 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.1006/bcon.2001.1015 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 530JQ UT WOS:000174354900010 ER PT J AU Somasekhar, N Grewal, PS Klein, MG AF Somasekhar, N Grewal, PS Klein, MG TI Genetic variability in stress tolerance and fitness among natural populations of Steinernema carpocapsae SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE entomopathogenic nematode; natural populations; genetic variability; stress tolerance; fitness ID ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; HETERORHABDITIS; TEMPERATURE; SELECTION; FELTIAE; IMPROVEMENT; INFECTIVITY; ADAPTATION; BEHAVIOR AB Genetic variability in stress tolerance (heat, desiccation, and hypoxia) and fitness (virulence and reproduction potential) among natural populations of Steinernema carpocapsae was assessed by estimating phenotypic differences. Significant differences were observed in stress tolerance among populations. Populations isolated from North Carolina showed significantly more stress tolerance than those isolated from Ohio. Significant differences were also observed in populations isolated from the same locality. Survival of infective juveniles after exposure to 40degreesC for 2 h ranged from 37 to 82%. A threefold difference was observed in infective juvenile survival following exposure to osmotic desiccation or hypoxic condition. Several populations tested were superior to the most widely used strain ('All' strain) in stress tolerance traits, with one population KMD33, being superior to the 'All' strain in all traits. Fitness as expressed by virulence and reproductive potential differed significantly among populations but showed less variability than the stress tolerance traits. All populations tested had a reproductive potential greater than or similar to that of the 'All' strain and most of them caused > 60% insect mortality of the wax moth larvae, Galleria mellonella. The high genetic variability in stress tolerance among natural populations suggests the feasibility of using selection for genetic improvement of these traits. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. ARS, USDA, Hort Insects Res Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Grewal, PS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. OI Somasekhar, Nethi/0000-0002-3666-8171 NR 37 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2002 VL 23 IS 3 BP 303 EP 310 DI 10.1006/bcon.2001.1013 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 530JQ UT WOS:000174354900012 ER PT J AU Ross, PF Draayer, H Itoh, O AF Ross, PF Draayer, H Itoh, O TI An international collaborative study on a method for determination of formaldehyde in veterinary vaccines SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article AB An international collaborative study of a quantitative colorimetric method for determination of formaldehyde in veterinary vaccines was conducted on a series of replicate, blinded veterinary vaccine products by 15 laboratories in three regions: North America, Europe and Japan. Participants conducted determinations using a modification of a method from the European Pharmacopoeia, a colorimetric method based on the reaction of formaldehyde with methylbenzothiazolone hydrazone hydrochloride, For this study, three licensed vaccine products containing formaldehyde were revialed, randomly numbered, tested for uniformity and distributed by one of the participating laboratories through regional coordinators to collaborators. One of the revialed products was spiked with a known amount of formaldehyde and included in the test series. Results along with all raw data were returned to the distributing laboratory for consolidation and statistical treatment. For the modified method spike recovery was 101% and reproducibility (inter-laboratory variation expressed as relative standard deviation) ranged from 18(.)0 to 8(.)0% for respective formaldehyde concentrations of 0(.)28 to 1(.)07 g/l. Based on the study, the method was proposed by the Biologicals Working Group of the International Cooperation on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products (VICH) as a candidate for the VICH Guideline standard method for residual formaldehyde. C1 USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Pfizer Global R&D, Groton, CT USA. Natl Vet Assay Lab, Tokyo, Japan. RP Ross, PF (reprint author), USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD MAR PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 37 EP 41 DI 10.1006/biol.2001.0317 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 515AH UT WOS:000173472900005 PM 11846428 ER PT J AU Zhu, J Telfer, EE Fletcher, J Springbett, A Dobrinsky, JR De Sousa, PA Wilmut, I AF Zhu, J Telfer, EE Fletcher, J Springbett, A Dobrinsky, JR De Sousa, PA Wilmut, I TI Improvement of an electrical activation protocol for porcine oocytes SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE developmental biology; early development; embryo; reproductive technology ID EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; H1 KINASE-ACTIVITY; MATURED IN-VITRO; PIG OOCYTES; NUCLEAR TRANSPLANTATION; CLONED PIGS; MATURATION; FERTILIZATION; BLASTOCYSTS; CULTURE AB Factors influencing pig oocyte activation by electrical stimulation were evaluated by their effect on the development of parthenogenetic embryos to the blastocyst stage to establish an effective activation protocol for pig nuclear transfer. This evaluation included 1) a comparison of the effect of epidermal growth factor and amino acids in maturation medium, 2) an investigation of interactions among oocyte age, applied voltage field strength, electrical pulse number, and pulse duration, and 3) a karyotype analysis of the parthenogenetic blastocysts yielded by an optimized protocol based on an in vitro system of oocyte maturation and embryo culture. In the first study, addition of amino acids in maturation medium was beneficial for the developmental competence of activated oocytes. In the second study, the developmental response of activated oocytes was dependent on interactions between oocyte age at activation and applied voltage field strength, voltage field strength and pulse number, and pulse number and duration. The formation of parthenogenetic blastocysts was optimal when activation was at 44 h of maturation using three 80-musec consecutive pulses of 1.0 kV/cm DC. Approximately 84% of parthenogenetic blastocysts yielded by this protocol were diploid, implying a potential for further in vivo development. C1 Roslin Inst, Dept Gene Express & Dev, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Edinburgh, Inst Cell & Mol Biol, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, Midlothian, Scotland. USDA, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wilmut, I (reprint author), Roslin Inst, Dept Gene Express & Dev, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. RI De Sousa, Paul/H-7416-2013 OI De Sousa, Paul/0000-0003-0745-2504 NR 34 TC 52 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 BP 635 EP 641 DI 10.1095/biolreprod66.3.635 PG 7 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 525CY UT WOS:000174052200014 PM 11870069 ER PT J AU De Sousa, PA Dobrinsky, JR Zhu, J Archibald, AL Ainslie, A Bosma, W Bowering, J Bracken, J Ferrier, PM Fletcher, J Gasparrini, B Harkness, L Johnston, P Ritchie, M Ritchie, WA Travers, A Albertini, D Dinnyes, A King, TJ Wilmut, I AF De Sousa, PA Dobrinsky, JR Zhu, J Archibald, AL Ainslie, A Bosma, W Bowering, J Bracken, J Ferrier, PM Fletcher, J Gasparrini, B Harkness, L Johnston, P Ritchie, M Ritchie, WA Travers, A Albertini, D Dinnyes, A King, TJ Wilmut, I TI Somatic cell nuclear transfer in the pig: Control of pronuclear formation and integration with improved methods for activation and maintenance of pregnancy SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE developmental biology; early development; embryo; reproductive technology ID IN-VITRO DEVELOPMENT; MOUSE OOCYTES; PARTHENOGENETIC ACTIVATION; PORCINE OOCYTES; BOVINE OOCYTES; GAMMA-TUBULIN; CLONED PIGS; EMBRYOS; METAPHASE; DYNAMICS AB To clone a pig from somatic cells, we first validated an electrical activation method for use on ovulated oocytes. We then evaluated delayed versus simultaneous activation (DA vs. SA) strategies, the use of 2 nuclear donor cells, and the use of cytoskeletal inhibitors during nuclear transfer. Using enucleated ovulated oocytes as cytoplasts for fetal fibroblast nuclei and transferring cloned embryos into a recipient within 2 h of activation, a 2-h delay between electrical fusion and activation yielded blastocysts more reliably and with a higher nuclear count than did SA. Comparable rates of development using DA were obtained following culture of embryos cloned from ovulated or in vitro-matured cytoplasts and fibroblast or cumulus nuclei. Treatment of cloned embryos with cytochalasin B (CB) postfusion and for 6 h after DA had no impact on blastocyst development as compared with CB treatment postfusion only. Inclusion of a microtubule inhibitor such as nocodozole with CB before and after DA improved nuclear retention and favored the formation of single pronuclei in experiments using a membrane dye to reliably monitor fusion. However, no improvement in blastocyst development was observed. Using fetal fibroblasts as nuclear donor cells, a live cloned piglet was produced in a pregnancy that was maintained by cotransfer of parthenogenetic embryos. C1 Roslin Inst, Dept Gene Express & Dev, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. Roslin Inst, Dept Genom & Bioinformat, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. USDA, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Anat & Cellular Biol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wilmut, I (reprint author), Roslin Inst, Dept Gene Express & Dev, Roslin EH25 9PS, Midlothian, Scotland. RI De Sousa, Paul/H-7416-2013; Harkness, Linda/A-5654-2017; OI De Sousa, Paul/0000-0003-0745-2504; Harkness, Linda/0000-0002-1648-9301; gasparrini, bianca/0000-0002-5086-7767 NR 44 TC 137 Z9 142 U1 0 U2 14 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 BP 642 EP 650 DI 10.1095/biolreprod66.3.642 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 525CY UT WOS:000174052200015 PM 11870070 ER PT J AU Frizano, J Johnson, AH Vann, DR Scatena, FN AF Frizano, J Johnson, AH Vann, DR Scatena, FN TI Soil phosphorus fractionation during forest development on landslide scars in the Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico SO BIOTROPICA LA English DT Article DE Caribbean; landslide scars; phosphorus availability; phosphorus fractionation; primary succession; Puerto Rico; soil phosphorus; tropical soils ID ORGANIC-MATTER; PEDOGENESIS AB Mineral soils from a chronosequence of landslide scars ranging in age from I to more than 55 years in a subtropical montane rain forest of eastern Puerto Rico were used to determine the rate at which labile P capital recovers during primary succession. Nine organic and inorganic soil P fractions were measured using the Hedley sequential extraction procedure. Deep soil cores (9 m) from a nearby site were also analyzed to determine the distribution of P fractions below the solum. Litterfall P was measured for two years in the landslide scars to estimate allochthonous litter P inputs, and published precipitation data were used to estimate annual atmospheric inputs of P to the recovering forests. In the upper solum (0-10 cm), organic matter increased with landslide age, as did resin-Pi, labile P (defined here as resin-Pi + HCO3-Pi + HCO3-Po) and total organic P. Occluded P decreased with increasing landslide age. No significant changes in P concentrations or pools were observed in 10 to 35 or in 35 to 60 cm depth intervals across the chronosequence. Labile soil P increased to approximately two-thirds of the pre-disturbance levels in the oldest landslide scar (>55 yr). Thus, plants, their associated microflora/fauna, and P inputs from off-site substantially altered the distribution of soil P fractions during forest recovery. Across the chronosequence, the increase in labile P accumulated in soil and biomass appeared to be greater than the estimated allochthonous inputs from litter and precipitation, indicating that as the forest developed, some occluded P may have been released for use by soil biota. Resin-Pi and labile P were correlated with soil organic matter content, suggesting, as in other highly weathered soils, organic matter accumulation and turnover are important in maintaining labile P pools. Primary mineral P (apatite) was scarce, even in deep soil cores. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. US Forest Serv, Inst Trop Forestry, USDA, So Forest Expt Stn, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Johnson, AH (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 29 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 20 PU ASSOC TROPICAL BIOLOGY INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0006-3606 J9 BIOTROPICA JI Biotropica PD MAR PY 2002 VL 34 IS 1 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2002.tb00238.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 542UX UT WOS:000175063600002 ER PT J AU Hanula, JL DeBarr, GL Weatherby, JC Barber, LR Berisford, CW AF Hanula, JL DeBarr, GL Weatherby, JC Barber, LR Berisford, CW TI Degree-day model for timing insecticide applications to control Dioryctria amatella (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) in loblolly pine seed orchards SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID LEPTOGLOSSUS-CORCULUS; FENVALERATE; CONEWORMS; HEMIPTERA; COREIDAE AB Because Dioryctria amatella (Hulst) is a key pest in loblolly pine, Pinus tacda L. (Pinaceae), seed orchards in the southeastern United States, improved timing of insecticide applications would be valuable for its control. To time two fenvalerate (Pydrin(R) 2.4 EC) applications we tested four variations of a degree-day model that was developed to predicted when various proportions of D. amatella eggs would hatch during the spring generation. We compared reductions in Diotyctria spp. cone damage to unsprayed checks and a standard operational spray regime of four monthly applications of fenvalerate. In addition, we examined seeds from healthy cones to determine if sprays to control D. amatella also reduced seed damage caused by Leptoglossus corculus Say (Heteroptera: Coreidae) and Tetyra bipunctata (Herrich-Schaffer) (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). Trials were conducted from 1984 to 1986 in two orchards in South Carolina and one in Alabama. Degree-day accumulations (threshold = 11degreesC) were begun on the day when the cumulative number of male D. amatella equaled or exceeded five captured in 15 Pherocon 1C(R) traps baited with 100 mug of Z-11-hexadecenyl acetate. One application per year was insufficient to control D. amatella or reduced seed-bug damage. Two sprays based on D. amatella phenology significantly reduced coneworm and seed bug damage, and were as effective as four sprays applied monthly. None of the treatments reduce spring cone losses, which are primarily caused by Diotyctria merkeli Mutuura and Monroe. Several variations of the model performed well, but we suggest that the best, based on efficacy and case of use, was when sprays were applied immediately after five males were caught (degree-day = 0) and again when the model predicted 50% of the spring generation eggs had hatched. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Asheville, NC 28804 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hanula, JL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 134 IS 2 BP 255 EP 268 PG 14 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 540NU UT WOS:000174935700009 ER PT J AU Bao, JR Fravel, DR O'Neill, NR Lazarovits, G van Berkum, P AF Bao, JR Fravel, DR O'Neill, NR Lazarovits, G van Berkum, P TI Genetic analysis of pathogenic and nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum from tomato plants SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Article DE Fusarium oxysporum; VCG; rDNA (ITS) sequence; AFLP ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS; F-SP-LYCOPERSICI; FORMAE SPECIALES; WILT; DIVERSITY; CLASSIFICATION; COLONIZATION; GENEALOGIES; STRAINS; DISEASE AB Forty-three Fusarium oxysporum strains and one Fusarium solani strain were analyzed for genetic diversity. These strains represent a wide range of geographic locations and were collected primarily from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) roots. Among all 43 F. oxysporum strains, 21 were not pathogenic to tomato, 20 were pathogenic, including 13 strains of Fusarium oxysporum lycopersici and seven strains of Fusarium oxysporum radicis-lycopersici, and two were other formae speciales of the fungus. Genetic diversity of all 43 strains was assessed by vegetative compatibility group (VCG), sequence analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and the 5.8S rRNA gene, and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Most of the F. o. lycopersici strains were assigned to VCG 0030, while most nonpathogenic ones were incompatible with each other. ITS region analysis grouped the strains into four clusters. The nonpathogenic F. oxysporum strains were in two groups, while the pathogenic strains were placed in two different groups. Pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains were also separated into different clusters based on AFLP data, although some nonpathogenic strains grouped with pathogenic strains. The population of pathogenic strains was less diverse than that of the nonpathogenic strains, suggesting that the pathogenic strains were possibly of monophyletic origin. For both pathogenic and nonpathogenic F. oxysporum strains, no relationship was observed between the genetic profiles and geographic origin; this may indicate that pathogens did not originate independently at each locality. C1 ARS, USDA, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, So Crop Protect & Food Res Ctr, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada. ARS, USDA, Soybean Gen & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fravel, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable Lab, Rm 238,Bldg 010A,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM fraveld@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 80 IS 3 BP 271 EP 279 DI 10.1139/B02-004 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 533ZL UT WOS:000174560100005 ER PT J AU Piccolo, JJ Wipfli, MS AF Piccolo, JJ Wipfli, MS TI Does red alder (Alnus rubra) in upland riparian forests elevate macroinvertebrate and detritus export from headwater streams to downstream habitats in southeastern Alaska? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CLEAR-CUT; OLD-GROWTH; BIOMASS; INVERTEBRATES; ECOSYSTEM; LENGTH; LITTER AB We assessed the influence of riparian forest canopy type on macroinvertebrate and detritus export from headwater streams to downstream habitats in the Tongass National Forest, southeastern Alaska. Twenty-four fishless headwater streams were sampled monthly, from April to August 1998, across four riparian canopy types: old growth, clearcut, young-growth alder, and young-growth conifer. Young-growth alder sites exported significantly greater count (mean = 9.4 individuals.m(-3) water, standard error (SE) = 3.7) and biomass (mean = 3.1 mg dry mass.m(-3) water, SE = 1.2) densities of macroinvertebrates than did young-growth conifer sites (mean = 2.7 individuals.m(-3) water, SE = 0.4, and mean = 1.0 mg dry mass.m(-3) water, SE = 0.2), enough prey to support up to four times more fish biomass if downstream habitat is suitable. We detected no significant differences in macroinvertebrate export between other canopy types or in detritus export among different canopy types. Roughly 70% of the invertebrates were aquatic; the rest were terrestrial or could not be identified. Although we do not recommend clearcutting as a means of generating red alder, maintaining an alder component in previously harvested stands may offset other potentially negative effects of timber harvest (such as sedimentation and loss of coarse woody debris) on downstream, salmonid-bearing food webs. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Piccolo, JJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Fisheries Ctr, 11120 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 36 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 15 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 59 IS 3 BP 503 EP 513 DI 10.1139/F02-019 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 548CE UT WOS:000175370300011 ER PT J AU Guyette, RP Cole, WG Dey, DC Muzika, RM AF Guyette, RP Cole, WG Dey, DC Muzika, RM TI Perspectives on the age and distribution of large wood in riparian carbon pools SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DECIDUOUS FOREST; DEBRIS; DECOMPOSITION; LAKE; CALIBRATION; TERRESTRIAL; ECOSYSTEMS; DETRITUS; ONTARIO; STREAMS AB Most knowledge of carbon budgets is derived from the productivity and sequestration of carbon in terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Less is known of carbon stored in riparian areas associated with lakes and rivers. Case studies of the age distribution of carbon in aquatic large wood (C-lw) from two different landscapes with different drainage patterns were established using tree-ring and C-14 dating. Cumulative negative exponential distributions of the age of C-lw ranged over periods from 1000 to 9485 years. Large woody debris had mean residence times of 261 years in small oligotrophic lakes and 350-800 years in a stream reach. Large wood can reside for an order of magnitude longer in freshwater-riparian ecosystems than in comparable above-ground terrestrial ecosystems. Although riparian areas make up only a small fraction of most landscapes, they may account for a relatively larger proportion of aged C-lw than is stored above ground in terrestrial ecosystems. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Sault St Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. US Forest Serv, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Guyette, RP (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Forestry, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 42 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 59 IS 3 BP 578 EP 585 DI 10.1139/F02-026 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 548CE UT WOS:000175370300017 ER PT J AU Shelton, MG Cain, MD AF Shelton, MG Cain, MD TI Potential carry-over of seeds from 11 common shrub and vine competitors of loblolly and shortleaf pines SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB Many of the competitors of the regeneration of loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taeda L. and Pinus echinata Mill., respectively) develop from seed disseminated on the site after reproduction cutting or from the seed bank. To evaluate the potential carry-over of the seeds from 11 shrub and vine competitors of these two important southern pines, we designed packets so that fruits could be deposited on the forest floor and subsequently extracted over a 3-year period. After extraction, repeated cycles of 60 days of germination testing followed by 60 days of stratification were conducted over a maximum of 42 months to determine the potential for seed carry-over and the germination characteristics of the species. Seeds of privet (Ligustrum vulgare L.) showed no viability after the first winter of field storage, while seeds of rattan vine (Berchemia scandens (Hill) K. Koch) and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) had low viability (1-3%) after the third year. In contrast, seeds of smooth sumac (Rhus glabra L.), devils-walkingstick (Aralia spinosa L.), pepper vine (Ampelopsis arborea (L.) Koehne), and blackberry (Rubus argutus Link) were moderate in viability (7-19%) after the third year of field storage, while seeds of beautyberry (Callicarpa americana L.), common greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia L.), and summer grape (Vitis aestivalis Michx.) showed a high viability (31-55%). Cumulative germination of seeds of deciduous holly (Ilex decidua Walt.) was greater after 3 years of field storage (8%) than after only 1 year (4%); for the first removal from field storage, no germination occurred until the ninth germination cycle. Results indicate that new seedlings of some species of shrubs and vines rely mostly on seeds dispersed shortly before or after disturbance, while seedlings of other species appear to develop from seeds that have been stored for long periods in the seed bank. Results of this study can be useful in developing ecologically sound strategies for controlling competing vegetation in forest stands of the southeastern United States. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. RP Shelton, MG (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, POB 3516, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 32 IS 3 BP 412 EP 419 DI 10.1139/X01-207 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 533ZJ UT WOS:000174559900004 ER PT J AU Gartner, BL North, EM Johnson, GR Singleton, R AF Gartner, BL North, EM Johnson, GR Singleton, R TI Effects of live crown on vertical patterns of wood density and growth in Douglas-fir SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-VARIATION; SIZE; FERTILIZATION; QUALITY; CORE AB It would be valuable economically to know what are the biological triggers for formation of mature wood (currently of high value) and (or) what maintains production of juvenile wood (currently of low value), to develop silvicultural regimes that control the relative production of the two types of wood. Foresters commonly assume the bole of softwoods produces juvenile wood within the crown and mature wood below. We tested that assumption by comparing growth ring areas and widths and wood density components of the outer three growth rings in disks sampled from different vertical positions of 34-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees. The 18 trees were sampled from one site and had a wide range of heights to live crown. Most of the variance (63-93%) in wood characteristics (growth ring area: total, earlywood, latewood; growth ring width: total, earlywood, latewood; latewood proportion: by area, width; and ring density: total, earlywood, latewood) was due to within-tree differences (related to age of the disk). Stepwise regression analysis gave us equations to estimate wood characteristics, after which we analyzed the residuals with a linear model that included whether a disk was within or below the crown (defined as the lowest node on the stem with less than three live branches). After adjusting for tree and disk position, only 2-10% of the residual variation was associated with whether the disk was in or out of the live crown. There were no statistically significant differences at p = 0.05 between a given disk (by node number) in versus out of the crown for any of the factors studied. Moreover, the wood density characteristics were not statistically significant at p = 0.30. This research suggests that there was no effect of the crown position on the transition from juvenile to mature wood as judged by wood density. Therefore, we found no evidence to support the concept that tree spacing and live-branch pruning have a significant effect on the cambial age of transition from juvenile to mature wood in Douglas-fir trees of this age. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gartner, BL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Wood Sci & Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 45 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 32 IS 3 BP 439 EP 447 DI 10.1139/X01-218 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 533ZJ UT WOS:000174559900007 ER PT J AU Potter, BE Andresen, JA AF Potter, BE Andresen, JA TI A finite-difference model of temperatures and heat flow within a tree stem SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article AB The authors present a finite-difference numerical model of heat flow within a horizontal section of a tree stem. Processes included in the model are solar radiative heating, infrared emission and absorption, convective heat exchange between tree surface and the atmosphere, and conduction inside the tree. Input variables include wood density, wood thermal conductivity, wood specific heat, wind speed, air temperature, and insolation. The model produces time series of temperature for grid points inside the tree stem. Based on comparison with observations from two case studies, the model appears capable of reproducing relative timing and amplitude of temperature patterns at the cardinal aspects. Sensitivity tests show that insolation and convection parameters, as well as the physical properties of the tree, can all have a strong influence on model results. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Potter, BE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1407 S Harrison Rd,Suite 220, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 32 IS 3 BP 548 EP 555 DI 10.1139/X01-226 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 533ZJ UT WOS:000174559900018 ER PT J AU Kim, S Willett, JL Carriere, CJ Felker, FC AF Kim, S Willett, JL Carriere, CJ Felker, FC TI Shear-thickening and shear-induced pattern formation in starch solutions SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE starch solutions; shear-thickening; shear-induced pattern formation; shear-induced aggregation; shear microscopy ID ENHANCED CONCENTRATION FLUCTUATIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; MICROSCOPY AB Since Dintzis et al. reported shear-thickening behavior and shear-induced pattern formation in semidilute starch solutions for the first time in 1995, considerable efforts have been made to understand the science behind these observations. Despite these efforts, however, many questions regarding this behavior of starch solutions remain. Using a Brookfield programmable rheometer and a custom-built shear microscope, starch solutions in alkaline solution medium were investigated. In this report, we present data leading to the following conclusions: (1) gently prepared starch solutions are macroscopically heterogeneous with regions of highly concentrated gel-like structures dispersed in dilute starch solution; (2) shear breaks up these heterogeneous regions, increasing in viscosity (shear-thickening) which is thus seen to be a result of an increase in the concentration of dissolved starch; (3) pattern formation, observed when the solution is exposed to higher shear rate, is the result of a separate shear-induced aggregation process; and (4) aggregations are not induced below a certain critical threshold shear rate and time is also a factor in the behavior of the aggregate. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61614 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61614 USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 47 IS 4 BP 347 EP 356 DI 10.1016/S0144-8617(01)00181-3 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 505DJ UT WOS:000172896000006 ER PT J AU Mizutani, C Sethumadhavan, K Howley, P Bertoniere, N AF Mizutani, C Sethumadhavan, K Howley, P Bertoniere, N TI Effect of a nonionic surfactant on Trichoderma cellulase treatments of regenerated cellulose and cotton yarns SO CELLULOSE LA English DT Article DE cellulase; cellulosic materials; hydrolysis; surfactant; tensile strength ID ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; FABRICS; REESEI AB It has been shown that some surfactants affect the hydrolysis of cellulose by cellulase. In this study, the effect of the surfactant Tween 20 on the hydrolysis of different cellulosic fibers was investigated and related to the cellulose fiber structure. It was found that this non-ionic surfactant enhanced the enzymatic saccharification of highly crystalline cellulosics such as Avicel, Tencel and cotton but not of cuprammonium rayon. The enhanced saccha-rification effected by the surfactant is attributed to inhibition of non-productive sorption of the endoglucanase of the cellulose surface which gives greater access to the cellulose chain ends by the exoglucanase. Although all three fibers lost tensile strength as a result of the enzymatic treatment, no further decrease was effected by the presence of the surfactant.. C1 Heian Jogakuin St Agnes Coll, Takatsuki, Osaka 5691092, Japan. ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, USDA, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 19 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 12 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0969-0239 J9 CELLULOSE JI Cellulose PD MAR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1023/A:1015821815568 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Paper & Wood; Materials Science, Textiles; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 562YU UT WOS:000176227200009 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, M Erazo-Castrejon, SV Doehlert, DC McMullen, MS AF Bhattacharya, M Erazo-Castrejon, SV Doehlert, DC McMullen, MS TI Staling of bread as affected by waxy wheat flour blends SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PASTING PROPERTIES; BARLEY STARCH; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CRUMB; QUALITY; RETROGRADATION; MOISTURE; DOUGH; MALTODEXTRINS; BREADMAKING AB Crumb softness and improved shelf life of bread is often achieved by incorporating expensive shortenings in the formulation. We hypothesized that similar results could be achieved by blending bread wheat flour with waxy (low amylose) durum wheat flour. White pan bread was baked from 10, 20, and 30% waxy durum. wheat flour composites and evaluated for loaf volume and crumb firmness over a period of 0, 3, and 5 days. The loaf volumes were not affected by the waxy flour blends, However, as staling progressed over 3-5 days, significant firming of crumb was observed in the control sample compared with loaves containing waxy flour. The firmness was inversely proportional to the level of waxy flour used in the blend. A 20% waxy wheat flour blend was optimal in retarding staling while producing bread quality comparable with the control. It was further established that bread made with 20% waxy flour gave lower firmness values after 5 days of storage in comparison to bread made with 3% shortening. These results suggest that 20% waxy wheat flour could substitute for use of shortening to achieve desirable crumb softness and to retard staling upon storage. C1 N Dakota State Univ, Dept Cereal & Food Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Bhattacharya, M (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Cereal & Food Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 41 TC 42 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 79 IS 2 BP 178 EP 182 AR UNSP C-2002-0201-02R DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2002.79.2.178 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 531GM UT WOS:000174407700002 ER PT J AU Waniska, RD Graybosch, RA Adams, JL AF Waniska, RD Graybosch, RA Adams, JL TI Effect of partial waxy wheat on processing and quality of wheat flour tortillas SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STARCH-PASTING PROPERTIES; COMMON WHEAT; AMYLOSE CONTENT; NULL ALLELES; WX PROTEIN; CULTIVARS; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; BAKING; LOCI AB The processing and quality of wheat flour tortillas prepared with partial waxy and normal flour were evaluated. Control procedures and formula were utilized with water absorption varied to obtain machineable doughs. Amylose content was lower in most partial waxy compared with normal wheats. The type of wheat starch did not affect most dough properties or tortilla diameter. Tortilla height and opacity were adversely affected by the decreased amount of amylose in partial waxy wheats. Sufficient leavening reactions occurred early in baking (after 10 see) to yield an opaque disk, but some baked tortillas lost opacity and become partially transparent after baking. Starch gelatinizes, disperses, and retrogrades concurrently with the leavening reaction during the short (<30 see) baking Lime. Amylose functionality during baking and cooling appears to be involved in the retention of air bubbles in tortillas. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Cereal Qual Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Waniska, RD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Cereal Qual Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 29 TC 10 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 79 IS 2 BP 210 EP 214 AR UNSP C-2002-0201-07R DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2002.79.2.210 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 531GM UT WOS:000174407700007 ER PT J AU Dowell, FE Pearson, TC Maghirang, EB Xie, F Wicklow, DT AF Dowell, FE Pearson, TC Maghirang, EB Xie, F Wicklow, DT TI Reflectance and transmittance spectroscopy applied to detecting fumonisin in single corn kernels infected with Fusarium verticillioides SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE; WHEAT KERNELS; IMMUNOAFFINITY COLUMNS; MAIZE; B-1; CLASSIFICATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; HPLC AB Reflectance and transmittance visible and near-infrared spectroscopy were used to detect fumonisin in single corn kernels infected with Fusarium verticillioides. Kernels with >100 ppm and <10 ppm could be classed accurately as fumonisin positive or negative, respectively. Classification results were generally better for oriented kernels than for kernels that were randomly placed in the spectrometer viewing area. Generally, models based on reflectance spectra have higher correct classification than models based on transmittance spectra. Statistical analyses indicated that including near-infrared wavelengths in calibrations improved classifications, and some calibrations were improved by including visible wavelengths. Thus, the color and chemical constituents of the infected kernel contribute to classification models. These results show that this technology can be used to rapidly and nondestructively screen single corn kernels for the presence of fumonisin. and may be adaptable to on-line detection and sorting. C1 ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 33 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 79 IS 2 BP 222 EP 226 AR UNSP C-2002-0204-02R DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2002.79.2.222 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 531GM UT WOS:000174407700009 ER PT J AU Donelson, JR Gaines, CS Andrews, LC Finney, PF AF Donelson, JR Gaines, CS Andrews, LC Finney, PF TI Prediction of test weight from a small volume specific gravity measurement SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The specific gravity (cm(3)/g) of small (20 and 40 g) samples of soft wheats from three states were rapidly measured and compared with bulk density (g/cm(3)) measurements (microtest weights). Specific gravities were con-elated with test weights for both cleaned and uncleaned samples. The relationship between specific gravity and test weight was linear unless the samples were severely shriveled. Operator effect was not statistically significant. Simple linear regression analysis produced equations that predicted with high R-2 value microtest weights from specific gravity measurements. Both 20 and 40 g sample sizes were satisfactory, However, 40 g samples produced better statistical relationships. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Gaines, CS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 79 IS 2 BP 227 EP 229 AR UNSP C-2002-0204-03R DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2002.79.2.227 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 531GM UT WOS:000174407700010 ER PT J AU Ram, MS Dowell, FE Seitz, L Lookhart, G AF Ram, MS Dowell, FE Seitz, L Lookhart, G TI Development of standard procedures for a simple, rapid test to determine wheat color class SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NEAR-INFRARED REFLECTANCE; SEED-COAT COLOR; CLASSIFICATION; KERNELS; INSTRUMENT; RED AB Growing conditions, kernel characteristics, and genetics affect wheat kernel color. As a result, red and white wheats sometimes cannot be differentiated by visual examination. Soaking wheat kernels in a sodium hydroxide solution enhances the difference in color; red wheat turns a darker red, and white wheat turns straw-yellow. Previously, when NaOH was used for wheat determination of color class, only a visual assessment was made under arbitrary conditions, many times not suitable for field work. In the present work, visible reflectance spectroscopy and visual assessments were used to optimize NaOH (2 mL/g of wheat) soak time (10 min), concentration (5M or 20%), and temperature (60degreesC). The optimal procedure will provide users who are not laboratory trained with inexpensive, safe procedures to definitively assign wheat color class in the shortest time in field locations. Calibration and prediction of several wheat cultivars using partial least square regression were used to validate the optimal test procedure. The test differentiated even rain-bleached wheat and cultivars that were difficult to classify visually. No distinct correlation occurred between predicted color value and the number of red genes. C1 ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 79 IS 2 BP 230 EP 237 AR UNSP C-2002-0204-04R DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2002.79.2.230 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 531GM UT WOS:000174407700011 ER PT J AU Dailey, OD AF Dailey, OD TI Effect of lactic acid on protein solubilization and starch yield in corn wet-mill steeping: A study of hybrid effects SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE AB To better understand the role of lactic acid (LA) in corn wet-milling, steeping studies were performed on different yellow dent corn hybrids using four different solutions containing LA, sulfur dioxide (SO2), a combination of LA and SO2, or no added chemicals, Although there was variation in protein solubilization among the hybrids, protein release was consistently higher when LA was included in the steepwater than when it was excluded (both with and without SO2),. Several groups have reported that starch recoveries are improved when steepwater contains LA. To explore the relationship between protein solubilization and starch yield as effected by LA, several yellow dent hybrids were steeped in 0.20% SO2 and 0.50% LA-0.20% SO2 solutions and milled to recover starch by a 100-g laboratory corn wet-milling procedure. In all instances, both starch yields and protein solubilization were enhanced in solutions containing LA. These results support the hypothesis that direct dissolution of the endosperm, protein matrix by LA contributes to the improved starch recoveries. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Dailey, OD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 79 IS 2 BP 257 EP 260 AR UNSP C-2002-0205-02R DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2002.79.2.257 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 531GM UT WOS:000174407700016 ER PT J AU Ohm, JB Chung, OK AF Ohm, JB Chung, OK TI Relationships of free lipids with quality factors in hard winter wheat flours SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BAKING QUALITY; POLAR LIPIDS; BREADMAKING QUALITY; GAS RETENTION; LOAF VOLUME; BREAD DOUGH; GALACTOSYLDIGLYCERIDES; CHROMOSOMES; ENDOSPERM; CULTIVARS AB Hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flours (n = 72) were analyzed for free lipids (FL) and their relationships with quality parameters. The two main glycolipid (GL) classes showed contrary simple linear correlations (r) with quality parameters. Specifically, kernel hardness parameters, flour yields, and water absorptions had significant negative correlations with monogalactosyldiglycerides (MGDG) but positive correlations with digalactosyldiglycerides (DGDG). MGDG showed negative correlations with gluten content but positive correlations with gluten index. The percentages of DGDG in FL had significant positive correlations among cultivars (n = 12) with mixograph and bake mix times (r = 0.71, P < 0.01 and r = 0.67, P < 0.05, respectively), mixing tolerance (r = 0.67, P < 0.05), and bread crumb grain score (r = 0.71, P < 0.01). These results suggest that increasing DGDG in FL could contribute to enhancing wheat quality attributes including milling, dough mixing, and breadmaking quality characteristics. FL content and composition (ratio of MGDG or DGDG to GL) supplement flour protein content to develop prediction equations of mixograph mix time (R-2 = 0.89), bake mix. time (R-2 = 0.76), and loaf volume (R-2 = 0.72). C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. ARS, USDA, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Hard Winter Wheat Qual Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Chung, OK (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Grain Sci & Ind, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 34 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 79 IS 2 BP 274 EP 278 AR UNSP C-2002-0205-05R DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2002.79.2.274 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 531GM UT WOS:000174407700019 ER PT J AU Altenbach, SB Kothari, KM Lieu, D AF Altenbach, SB Kothari, KM Lieu, D TI Environmental conditions during wheat grain development alter temporal regulation of major gluten protein genes SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RED WINTER-WHEAT; ALLELIC VARIATION; BAKING QUALITY; MESSENGER-RNAS; GLIADIN; EXPRESSION; SUBUNITS; FAMILY AB The accumulation of transcripts for the major gluten storage proteins was assessed during grain development in wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L. 'Butte 86') grown under seven controlled environments where temperature, water, and fertilizer conditions were varied after anthesis. Transcripts within the alpha-, gamma- and omega-gliadin, low molecular weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS), and high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) gene families followed similar patterns of accumulation throughout grain development under each environmental regimen. Under moderate daytime temperatures in plants that were well watered and fertilized, transcripts from all gene families were detectable by eight days postanthesis (8 DPA), were present at high levels until approximate to34 DPA, and disappeared between 36 and 38 DPA. Under high temperature regimens, transcripts from all gene families appeared slightly earlier, but the time frame of accumulation was shorter. The presence or absence of postanthesis fertilizer did not alter the temporal regulation of the gluten genes under the moderate temperature regimen. However, under the high daytime temperature regimen, transcripts disappeared slightly earlier in kernels from plants that did not receive postanthesis fertilizer. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) using primer pairs for specific HMW-GS and LMW-GS transcripts revealed that individual genes within each family exhibited identical patterns of temporal regulation under different environmental conditions. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Altenbach, SB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 20 TC 42 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 79 IS 2 BP 279 EP 285 AR UNSP C-2002-0205-06R DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2002.79.2.279 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 531GM UT WOS:000174407700020 ER PT J AU Campbell, MR Yeager, H Abdubek, N Pollak, LM Glover, DV AF Campbell, MR Yeager, H Abdubek, N Pollak, LM Glover, DV TI Comparison of methods for amylose screening among amylose-extender (ae) maize starches from exotic backgrounds SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GERM PLASM; CORN AB Breeding for high-amylose corn requires a rapid analytical method for determining starch amylose so that generating wet chemistry values does not pose a major limitation in the volume of materials that can be screened. Two methods for determining apparent amylose content (AAC) were examined and compared with an iodine-binding method involving the solubilization of isolated starch in a sodium hydroxide solution (method 1). These methods included one based on near-infrared transmittance spectroscopy (NIRT) (method 2) and another iodine-binding method involving the solubilizing of starch from ground whole corn with a DMSO-iodine solution (method 3). These methods were chosen because, aside from initial set up costs, they are relatively rapid and inexpensive to perform. The materials evaluated consisted of various exotic corn populations including plant introductions and experimental materials generated from the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project. Crosses were made between these materials and a Corn Belt dent hybrid (OH43 x H99) converted with the amylose-extender (ae) allele. Grain from F2 ears, presumed to be homozygous for the ae allele based on visual selection of mutant kernels on F I cars from which they were planted, were then evaluated to identify possible modifiers of ae conditioning high starch AAC. From a total of 1,006 F2 ears, a core set consisting of 155 samples was established and only these were subjected to starch AAC analysis, using all three methods to compare the methods. Method 2 showed poor correlation to method 1 (r = 0.88), however, NIRT did appear to discriminate between samples converted to ae vs. those with a normal or possibly segregating endosperm type. Method 3 showed a slightly better correlation with method 1 (r = 0.92) and appeared to more fully discriminate among samples with AAC values >65% from those at approximate to55%. Results from this study suggest that NIRT may be useful when a quick screening method is needed to discriminate mutant from nonmutant genotypes within grain samples of exotic germplasm especially when visual identification is difficult. In addition, method 3 could be used to replace the more time-consuming method I when trying to identify high AAC levels among ae genotypes, even though some inconsistency was observed between the two methods. Finally, this study revealed that exotic germplasm may be an important source of new modifiers to the ae allele because values as high as 70% AAC were identified. C1 Truman State Univ, Div Sci, Kirksville, MO 63501 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, Corn Insect & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Campbell, MR (reprint author), Truman State Univ, Div Sci, Kirksville, MO 63501 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 79 IS 2 BP 317 EP 321 AR PII C-2002-0211-05R DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2002.79.2.317 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 531GM UT WOS:000174407700025 ER PT J AU Sonea, IM Palmer, MV Akili, D Harp, JA AF Sonea, IM Palmer, MV Akili, D Harp, JA TI Treatment with neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist reduces severity of inflammatory bowel disease induced by Cryptosporidium parvum SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-DEFICIENT MICE; RAT GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; SUBSTANCE-P ANTAGONIST; MAST-CELLS; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; CROHNS-DISEASE; BINDING-SITES; NK-1 RECEPTOR; MUTANT MICE; B-CELLS AB Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, debilitating disorder of uncertain and perhaps multiple etiologies. It is believed to be due in part to disregulation of the immune system. Neuroimmune interactions may be involved in induction or maintenance of IBD. In the present study, we examined the potential role of a neurotransmitter, substance P, in a mouse model of IBD. We found that binding sites for substance P, and more specifically, neurokinin-1 receptors, were upregulated in intestinal tissue of mice with IBD-like syndrome. Dosing of mice with LY303870, a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, reduced the severity of IBD, and treatment of mice with preexisting IBD allowed partial healing of lesions. We hypothesize that blocking the binding of substance P to the neurokinin-1 receptor interrupts the inflammatory cascade that triggers and maintains intestinal lesions of IBD. C1 Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Sonea, IM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 47 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 333 EP 340 DI 10.1128/CDLI.9.2.3330340.2002 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 532EA UT WOS:000174457600020 PM 11874873 ER PT J AU Valdez, RA McGuire, TC Brown, WC Davis, WC Jordan, JM Knowles, DP AF Valdez, RA McGuire, TC Brown, WC Davis, WC Jordan, JM Knowles, DP TI Selective in vivo depletion of CD4(+) T lymphocytes with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody during acute infection of calves with Anaplasma marginale SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAJOR SURFACE PROTEIN-2; NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; BABESIA-BOVIS; CATTLE; RESPONSES; CELLS; PROTECTION; CHALLENGE; IDENTIFICATION; SUBPOPULATIONS AB To investigate the in vivo role of CD4(+) T lymphocytes during acute anaplasmosis, thymectomized calves were selectively depleted of CD4(+) T lymphocytes by treatment with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (MAb) and were then infected with the Florida strain of Anaplasma marginale in two sequential experiments (experiments 1 and 2). Treatment of thymectomized calves with a total of 5.0 mg of anti-CD4 MAb/kg of body weight during the 1st week followed by 0.3-mg/kg doses administered twice weekly for 7 weeks resulted in significant depletion of CD3(+) CD4(+) and CD4(+) CD45R(+) (naive) T lymphocytes from blood, spleen, and peripheral lymph nodes for the duration of the 8-week study, compared to the results for thymectomized control calves treated with a subclass-matched MAb. All calves became parasitemic and pyretic following experimental infection with A. marginale, and decreases in packed cell volume (PCV) coincided with peak parasitemia. No significant differences in PCV or parasitemia were observed between treatment groups. Thymectomized calves treated with anti-CD4 MAb were able to mount an anti-A. marginale antibody response, although in experiment 2, anti-CD4 MAb-treated calves had four- to sixfold lower immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and no detectable IgG2 anti-A. marginale major surface protein 2-specific antibody titers compared to thymectomized control calves treated with a subclass-matched MAb. At the [eve[ of CD4(+)-T-lymphocyte depletion achieved and experimental anaplasmosis induced, thymectomized anti-CD4 MAb-treated calves were able to control acute anaplasmosis. This was in contrast to the prediction that significant depletion of CD4(+) T lymphocytes would abrogate resistance to acute infection. C1 ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Valdez, RA (reprint author), ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, POB 646630, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [K08AI01447] NR 45 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 417 EP 424 DI 10.1128/CDLI.9.2.417-424.2002 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 532EA UT WOS:000174457600035 PM 11874888 ER PT J AU Pasquali, P Adone, R Gasbarre, LC Pistoia, C Ciuchini, F AF Pasquali, P Adone, R Gasbarre, LC Pistoia, C Ciuchini, F TI Effect of exogenous interleukin-18 (IL-18) and IL-12 in the course of Brucella abortus 2308 infection in mice SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERFERON-GAMMA PRODUCTION; T-CELLS; RESISTANCE; CYTOKINE; CLONING AB In this study we demonstrated that combined inoculation of interieukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-18 reduced the number of bacteria in the spleens of mice infected with Brucella abortus 2308 and that the effect of the treatment was mediated by an increased capability of spleen cells to produce gamma interferon at the early phase of infection. C1 Ist Super Sanita, Lab Vet Med, I-00161 Rome, Italy. ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pasquali, P (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Lab Vet Med, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. RI Pasquali, Paolo/C-1111-2008 NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 491 EP 492 DI 10.1128/CDLI.9.2.491-492.2002 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 532EA UT WOS:000174457600047 PM 11874900 ER PT J AU Herrmann, LM Baszler, TV Knowles, DP Cheevers, WP AF Herrmann, LM Baszler, TV Knowles, DP Cheevers, WP TI PrPsc is not detected in peripheral blood leukocytes of scrapie-infected sheep: Determining the limit of sensitivity by immunohistochemistry SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; PRION PROTEIN; LYMPHOID-TISSUE; NATURAL SCRAPIE; DISEASE AB Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) from scrapie-infected sheep were evaluated for the presence of PrPSc by using dissociated retropharyngeal lymph node (DRLN) cells and immunohistochemistry (IHC). PrPSc-positive cells were detected in 2.05% 0.28% of 3 x 10(6) DRLN cells, but were not detected in 3 x 10(6) PBLs from scrapie-infected sheep. Titration of DRLN cells mixed with PBLs showed that IHC detects a minimum of 0.00205% or 60 PrPSc-positive cells in 3 x 10(6) PBLs. C1 ARS, USDA, ADRU, ADBF 3003, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Herrmann, LM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, ADRU, ADBF 3003, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 499 EP 502 DI 10.1128/CDLI.9.2.499-502.2002 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 532EA UT WOS:000174457600050 PM 11874903 ER PT J AU Larson, IA Ordovas, JM Barnard, JR Hoffmann, MM Feussner, G Lamon-Fava, S Schaefer, EJ AF Larson, IA Ordovas, JM Barnard, JR Hoffmann, MM Feussner, G Lamon-Fava, S Schaefer, EJ TI Effects of apolipoprotein A-I genetic variations on plasma apolipoprotein, serum lipoprotein and glucose levels SO CLINICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein A-1; apolipoproteins; haplotype; lipids; lipoproteins; polymorphism ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; LECITHIN-CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE; FAMILIAL COMBINED HYPERLIPIDEMIA; HDL-CHOLESTEROL; C-III; HEART-DISEASE; PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM; APO-AI AB The present authors investigated the individual and combined associations of the apolipoprotein (apo) A-I -75 bp and +83 bp polymorphisms with plasma lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels in 734 Caucasian men and women. The frequency of the A allele at position -75 bp (G-->A) was 0.14 in women and 0.17 in men. The frequencies for the rare M2 allele at position +83 bp and/or 84 bp (C-->T and G-->A, respectively) were 0.04 and 0.05 in women and men, respectively. In women, the A allele was associated with significantly higher levels of apo B (P = 0.016), total cholesterol (TC) (P = 0.005), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P = 0.018) and TC:high-densisty lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (P = 0.026) compared to the G/G subjects. In men, no significant associations were detected between the -75 bp polymorphism and any lipid trait examined. The M2 allele for the +83 bp polymorphism was significantly associated in men with higher levels of apo A-I (P = 0.002) and TC (P = 0.046). In women, a significant effect was observed for TC (P = 0.036), with M2+/- subjects having lower levels than M2+/+ subjects. Significant linkage disequilibrium (P = 0.037) between the apo A-I -75 bp and +83 bp polymorphisms was detected. Women carrying both rare alleles (G/A M2+/-) had significantly hi-her TC:HDL ratios (P = 0.031) compared to the other haplotypes. In men, significant differences were observed for apo A-I (P = 0.021) and TC (P = 0.044), with carriers of the G/G M2+/- haplotype having the highest values compared to other genotype combinations. In conclusion, the -75 bp (G/A) polymorphism appears to have a significant effect on levels of apo B, plasma TC and LDL-C in women, while the +83 bp polymorphism seems to affect the apo A-I levels in men, and the plasma cholesterol levels in both genders. C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, New England Med Ctr,Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Heidelberg, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Physiol Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Freiburg, Dept Clin Chem, Freiburg, Germany. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, New England Med Ctr,Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Hoffmann, Michael/D-4074-2015; OI Hoffmann, Michael/0000-0001-8459-6080; Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 66 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0009-9163 J9 CLIN GENET JI Clin. Genet. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 61 IS 3 BP 176 EP 184 DI 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2002.610302.x PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 557CC UT WOS:000175888900004 PM 12000358 ER PT J AU Larnon-Fava, S Schaefer, EJ Garuti, R Salen, G Calandra, S AF Larnon-Fava, S Schaefer, EJ Garuti, R Salen, G Calandra, S TI Two novel mutations in the sterol 27-hydroxylase gene causing cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis SO CLINICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE 27-hydroxylase; cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis; HDL; cholesterol; mutations ID CHENODEOXYCHOLIC ACID; BILE-ACIDS; BIOSYNTHESIS; CHOLESTEROL; HYDROXYLATIONS; CELLS; 26-HYDROXYLATION; LIPOPROTEINS; CHOLESTANOL; METABOLISM AB Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare recessive autosomal disease caused by mutations of the sterol 27-hydroxylase gene. Clinically, CTX is characterized by tendon xanthomas, cataracts and progressive neurological deficits. Because of the disruption of the 27-hydroxylase activity, CTX patients have elevated plasma levels of cholestanol, a by-product of abnormal bile acid synthesis. The present authors describe a female patient with CTX. The proband in this study presented with elevated cholestanol levels, markedly reduced mitochondrial 27-hydroxylase activity and altered bile acid composition. The 27-hydroxylase gene was analysed for mutations by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the exons and the splice-junction regions of the gene. The proband was found to be a compound heterozygote for two different mutations which have not been previously described: (1) a G --> A transition at nucleotide 455 that is responsible for converting a glycine to a glutamic acid residue at amino acid position 112 (G112E); and (2) a five-nucleotide deletion in exon 5 (from nucleotide 965 to 969) that is responsible for a shift in the reading frame and the insertion of a premature codon at position 296, and consequently, the synthesis of a truncated protein lacking the heme-binding and andrenodoxin-binding domains. Long-term (18-year) treatment of the proband with chenodeoxycholic acid (750 mg day(-1)) has been effective in preventing any progression of the disease. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Metab & Mol Biol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dept Biomed Sci, Modena, Italy. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, E Orange, NJ USA. RP Schaefer, EJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU Fondazione Telethon NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0009-9163 J9 CLIN GENET JI Clin. Genet. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 61 IS 3 BP 185 EP 191 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 557CC UT WOS:000175888900005 ER PT J AU Burrin, DG Stoll, B AF Burrin, DG Stoll, B TI Key nutrients and growth factors for the neonatal gastrointestinal tract SO CLINICS IN PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Review ID TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; SMALL-BOWEL RESECTION; GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-2; LACTASE-PHLORHIZIN HYDROLASE; HUMAN-MILK OLIGOSACCHARIDES; PORCINE SMALL-INTESTINE; THIRY-VELLA FISTULAS; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS AB Gastrointestinal function has a significant impact on the nutritional support and clinical management of the neonatal infant. Nutrition has a major influence on neonatal gastrointestinal growth and function, particularly with respect to the modality, quantity, and composition of nutrition. This article provides a critical review of the nutritional and hormonal factors that affect gut growth and development with an emphasis on their physiologic relevance and therapeutic action in neonates. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM dburrin@bcm.tmc.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD33920] NR 244 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 7 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0095-5108 J9 CLIN PERINATOL JI Clin. Perinatol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1 BP 65 EP + DI 10.1016/S0095-5108(03)00065-4 PG 33 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 531FL UT WOS:000174405300005 PM 11917740 ER PT J AU Lu, WH Souphanya, P Montgomery, ME AF Lu, WH Souphanya, P Montgomery, ME TI Descriptions of immature stages of Scymnus (Neopullus) Sinuanodulus Yu and Yao (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) with notes on life history SO COLEOPTERISTS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID HOMOPTERA; ADELGIDAE; PREDATOR; GENERA; KEY AB We describe for the first time immature stages of the Scymnus subgenus Neopullus; namely the egg, larval (4 instars), and pupal stages of Scymnus (Neopullus) sinuanodulus Yu and Yao (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), which is indigenous to China. This lady beetle was imported to the USA for biological control of the hemlock wooly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adegidae), a serious pest of hemlocks in eastern North America. The egg's anterior pole has a rosette of 4-11 cup-shaped and 13-20 semicircular structures that are likely micropyles. Unlike the subgenera Scymnus and Pullus, a Neopullus larva lacks a retinaculum on its mandibles but has, in common, the antennae with 3 distinct segments, the maxillary palpi with 3 segments, and the labial palpi with 2 segments. The pupa is naked with transparent viscous droplets on the tips of setae and the larval exuvium attached only to the last abdominal segment. We also annotate morphological development and behavior of feeding, oviposition, and defense. Both larvae and adults of this small lady beetle exhibit defensive reflex bleeding of orange viscous droplets: the larva from thoracic tubercles and the adult from the femorotibial joints. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. RP Lu, WH (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Plant Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU COLEOPTERISTS SOC PI NATCHEZ PA PO BOX 767, NATCHEZ, MS 39121 USA SN 0010-065X J9 COLEOPTS BULL JI Coleopt. Bull. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 56 IS 1 BP 127 EP 141 DI 10.1649/0010-065X(2002)056[0127:DOISOS]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 547PF UT WOS:000175340400013 ER PT J AU Page, M Nelson, LJ Forschler, BT Haverty, MI AF Page, M Nelson, LJ Forschler, BT Haverty, MI TI Cuticular hydrocarbons suggest three lineages in Reticulitermes (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) from North America SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemotaxonomy; phylogenetics; subterranean termites; systematics ID FORMOSANUS SHIRAKI ISOPTERA; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; METHYL-BRANCHED ALKANES; CHEMOTAXONOMIC CHARACTERS; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; COPTOTERMES ISOPTERA; SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; DAMPWOOD TERMITES; BIOSYNTHESIS AB Cuticular hydrocarbon mixtures can be used to discriminate insect taxa. They have utility for determining phylogenetic relationships where they are independent characters with discrete states and represent a hierarchical distribution of shared, derived characters. We report inferred degrees of relatedness among the chemical phenotypes of Retic- ulitermes from PAUP (phylogenetic analysis using parsimony) analyses of cuticular hydrocarbon characters. One hundred and forty-one Reticulitermes colonies collected from California, Georgia, New Mexico, Arizona and Nevada were used. Initial maximum parsimony analyses sorted the 141 colonies into 26 chemical phenotypes. Subsequent analyses, using the ancestral species Coptotermes formosanus and Heterotermes sp. as outgroups, sorted Reticulitermes taxa into three major lineages, each characterized by a different set of dominant methyl-branched or unsaturated hydrocarbon components. Reticulitermes in lineage I have cuticular hydrocarbon mixtures with a preponderance of internally branched monomethylalkanes and 11,15-dimethylalkanes. Those in lineage II are defined by a preponderance of 5-methylalkanes and 5,17-dimethylalkanes. Taxa in lineage III are characterized by the predominance of olefins and a relative paucity of n-alkanes and methyl-branched alkanes. Bootstrap analyses and decay indices provided statistical support and robustness for these chemical-based relationships. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30603 USA. RP Nelson, LJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, POB 245, Berkeley, CA 94701 USA. EM lnelson@fs.fed.us NR 69 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 131 IS 3 BP 305 EP 324 AR PII S1096-4959(01)00466-3 DI 10.1016/S1096-4959(01)00466-3 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 533NR UT WOS:000174537100003 PM 11959014 ER PT J AU Zeng, F Zhu, Y Cohen, A AF Zeng, F Zhu, Y Cohen, A TI Partial characterization of trypsin-like protease and molecular cloning of a trypsin-like precursor cDNA in salivary glands of Lygus lineolaris SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hemiptera; pH optimum; zymogram gel; serine protease inhibitor; trypsin; cDNA; serine proteinases ID PARTIAL-PURIFICATION; ALKALINE PROTEASES; CHORISTONEURA-FUMIFERANA; PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; DIGESTIVE ENZYME; SERINE PROTEASES; MIDGUT TRYPSIN; MANDUCA-SEXTA; BOMBYX-MORI AB Based on substrate specificity, an alkaline pH optimum, sensitivity to selected proteinase inhibitors. and molecular analysis, we provide evidence for the presence of a trypsin-like serine proteinase in the salivary gland complex (SGC) of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Heteroptera: Miridae). The predominant activity in extracts of the SGC against N-2-benzoyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide (L-BApNA) was at pH 10, but a minor peak of activity also occurred at pH 5. The major BApNAase activity focused at 10.4 during preparative isoelectric focusing and was eluted with an apparent molecular weight of 23,000 from a calibrated gel filtration Column. The BApNAase fraction gave a single major band when analyzed on a casein zymogram. The activity was completely suppressed by the serine protease inhibitors, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and lima bean trypsin inhibitor. A cDNA coding for a trypsin-like protein in the salivary glands of L. lineolaris was cloned and sequenced. The 971bp cDNA contained an 873-nucleotide open reading frame encoding a 291-amino acid trypsin precursor. The encoded protein included amino acid sequence motifs that are conserved with four homologous serine proteases from other insects. Typical features of the putative trypsin-like protein from L. lineolaris included the serine protease active site (His(89), Asp(139), Ser(229)) conserved cysteine residues for disulfide bridges, the residues (Asp(223), Gly(252), Gly(262)) that determine trypsin specificity, and both zymogen signal and activation peptides. Cloning and sequencing of a trypsin-like precursor cDNA provided additional direct evidence for trypsin like enzymes in the salivary glands of L. lineolaris. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, JWDSRC, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP USDA ARS, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM fzeng@bcmrru.msstate.edu NR 57 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 EI 1879-1107 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 131 IS 3 BP 453 EP 463 AR PII S1096-4959(01)00514-0 DI 10.1016/S1096-4959(01)00514-0 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 533NR UT WOS:000174537100016 PM 11959027 ER PT J AU Gustafson, EJ Rasmussen, LV AF Gustafson, EJ Rasmussen, LV TI Assessing the spatial implications of interactions among strategic forest management options using a Windows-based harvest simulator SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE forest management planning; landscape ecology; spatial pattern; forest interior habitat; edge habitat; simulation model ID LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE; TIMBER HARVESTS; LAND-USE; FRAGMENTATION; LEVEL; PERSPECTIVE; PATTERNS; DYNAMICS; HABITAT AB Forest management planners must develop strategies to produce timber in ways that do not compromise ecological integrity or sustainability. These strategies often involve modifications to the spatial and temporal scheduling of harvest activities, and these strategies may interact in unexpected ways. We used a timber harvest simulator (HARVEST 6.0) to determine the sensitivity of landscape pattern to the interactions among three strategic parameters: adjacency constraints, spatial dispersion, and size of harvest units. Adjacency constraints reduced the ability of HARVEST to meet cutting targets by up to 70%, depending on other parameters used, while spatial dispersion had a minimal effect. Adjacency constraints had little effect on patch size except when harvests were clustered. Adjacency constraints increased variability in the amount of forest interior and edge, but had a marginal effect on the total amount. Mean patch size decreased even though the mean size of new patches was greater than the initial mean size, because many small remnant patches were created when harvests did not completely fill some existing stands. A clustered spatial dispersion increased the amount of forest interior habitat. Our description of the intuitive interface of HARVEST 6.0 also shows that HARVEST has advanced from being strictly a research tool to a strategic management planning tool. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Gustafson, EJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, USDA, 5985 Highway K, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. OI Rasmussen, Luke/0000-0002-4497-8049 NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 3 BP 179 EP 196 AR PII S0168-1699(02)00008-X DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(02)00008-X PG 18 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 554CN UT WOS:000175715900002 ER PT J AU Park, B Lawrence, KC Windham, WR Chen, YR Chao, K AF Park, B Lawrence, KC Windham, WR Chen, YR Chao, K TI Discriminant analysis of dual-wavelength spectral images for classifying poultry carcasses SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE image processing; poultry inspection; machine vision; automation ID MACHINE VISION SYSTEM; IDENTIFICATION; INSPECTION AB An analysis of texture features, based on co-occurrence matrices (COMs), was conducted to determine the performance of dual-wavelength imaging for discriminating unwholesome poultry carcasses from wholesome carcasses. The variance, sum average, sum variance, and sum entropy of COMs were the most significant texture features (P < 0.005) for identifying unwholesome poultry carcasses. However, the feature values of angular second moment, variance, sum average, sum variance, and sum entropy did not vary with the COM parameters, distance and direction. The characteristics of variance and sum variance texture features varied with the wavelength of spectral images and with condemnation of poultry carcasses, as well. The sum variance of wholesome carcasses was higher (P < 0.005) than unwholesome carcasses for spectral images at 542 nm. For 542 and 700 nm images, linear discriminant models were able to identify unwholesome carcasses with a classification accuracy of 91.4%. However, a single linear discriminant model was not acceptable for identifying three different types of carcasses (wholesome, septicemic and cadaver), because of extreme inaccuracy for septicemic carcasses. In this case, the classifier that demonstrated the highest accuracy was 89.6% accurate at 542 nm. Thus, a dual-wavelength imaging system with optical filters of 542 and 700 nm wavelengths appears promising for detecting unwholesome poultry carcasses. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Park, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 20 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 3 BP 219 EP 231 AR PII S0168-1699(02)00010-8 DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(02)00010-8 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 554CN UT WOS:000175715900004 ER PT J AU Engeman, RM Sterner, RT AF Engeman, RM Sterner, RT TI A comparison of potential labor-saving sampling methods for assessing large mammal damage in corn SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE damage assessment; plotless density estimation; quadrat sampling; variable area transect; vertebrate pest damage ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; DENSITY; ESTIMATORS AB Accurate estimation of crop damage by wildlife often requires labor-intensive sampling procedures. Variable area transect (VAT) sampling has been identified as a potential labor-saving alternative to quadrat sampling, We fully enumerated all damaged corn plants in a field to assess accuracy of sampling by small quadrats 5 in long by one or two row-widths, and by VAT sampling with searches from random starting points to the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th damaged plant. Two widths for strip transects also were considered for VAT sampling: one and two crop rows. Two analytical formulae were considered for the VAT data. Thus, 18 estimates of damage were produced and compared for accuracy with the true damage level. Sampling and enumeration were carried out the same day, so that the damage level could not change between enumeration and sampling. Estimation from VAT sampling using the original formula showed promise as a low-labor assessment method by producing highly accurate estimates (< 1.5% absolute relative bias) when strip transects of two row-widths were searched to the 4th or 5th damaged plant. The formula designed to improve estimation for VAT sampling in aggregated populations had high biases. Quadrat sampling is well-known to produce unbiased results when optimized, and we restricted our research to only the low-effort situation, which also produced biased results. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Engeman, RM (reprint author), USDA APHIS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM richard.m.engeman@usda.gov NR 13 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 EI 1873-6904 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAR PY 2002 VL 21 IS 2 BP 101 EP 105 AR PII S0261-2194(01)00068-0 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(01)00068-0 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 531UP UT WOS:000174435900002 ER PT J AU Gustine, DL Voigt, PW Brummer, EC Papadopoulos, YA AF Gustine, DL Voigt, PW Brummer, EC Papadopoulos, YA TI Genetic variation of RAPD markers for North American white clover collections and cultivars SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PCR; POPULATIONS; ECOTYPES; VARIETIES; GROWTH; USA AB New white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivars with improved winter hardiness and persistence are needed for pasture-based cropping systems in temperate regions of North America. This study evaluated, quantified, and compared genetic variation of populations developed from five recently collected germplasms from Georgia (GA), Iowa (IA), Pennsylvania (PA), West Virginia (WV), and Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada, and three improved cultivars ('Regal', 'Sacramento', and 'Will'). 'Aurora' alsike clover (T. hybridum L.) was included for comparison. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles of these populations were compared. Euclidean metric distance matrices were calculated for all possible pairwise coinbinations and were evaluated by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). An interpopulation distance matrix [Phi(S1) an analog of F as described by Excoffier et al. (1992)] for the nine populations was used to calculate a dendrogram based on the unweighted paired group method of arithmetic averages. As anticipated, alsike clover was separated from white clover. At a higher level of similarity, the white clovers were separated into only two groups. One group consisted of GA, IA, PA, and PEI germplasms collected from long-established pastures. The second group included Regal, Sacramento, and Will cultivars and the WV collection. Although Will was originally derived from pasture collections, it has a larger leaf size than any of the five white clover collections. The surprising genetic similarities of eight populations derived from different climates and geographic regions of the continent may indicate a common European origin for much of the naturalized white clover in North American pastures. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Ctr, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Crops & Livestock Res Ctr, Charlottetown, PE C1A 7M8, Canada. RP Gustine, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Curtin Rd,Bldg 3702, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 27 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2 BP 343 EP 347 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 525UY UT WOS:000174093500004 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, OA Campbell, MR Glover, DV AF Gutierrez, OA Campbell, MR Glover, DV TI Starch particle volume in single- and double-mutant maize endosperm genotypes involving the soft starch (h) gene SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GRANULE SIZE; CORN STARCH; BEHAVIOR AB Larger starch particle volume of maize (Zea mays L.) endosperms is beneficial for many aspects of starch processing, and may improve the performance of some starch attributes. The recessive soft starch (h) locus increases starch granule size compared with normal (+/+) genotypes. The objective of this study was to compare starch particle volume of normal maize inbreds, and their near-isoline conversions to single- and corresponding double-mutant endosperm starch genotypes, including the h locus. Eighteen public inbreds and their nearisogenic conversions to amylose-extender (ae/ae), dull (du/du), waxy (wx/mv), sugary-2 (su2/su2), h/h, ae/ae h/h, du/du h/h, wx/wx, h/h, and su2/su2 h/h, were planted in replicated trials in two environments in 1995 and one in 1996. Starch was extracted from mature kernels collected from each plot and examined for starch particle volume with a laser-based, particle size analyzer. Starch particle volume was greater in all near-isogenic line conversions containing the h locus than in their respective normal inbred. Starch particle volume for all doublemutant h/h combination genotypes was greater across all inbreds than in their respective single-mutant starch counterparts. These results demonstrate that the h allele is epistatic to the ae, da, wx and su2 alleles for increasing starch particle volume. Starch particle volume for single-mutant genotypes averaged across inbreds and environments ranked from the smallest to the largest as follows: du/du, ae/ae, sn2/su2, normal (+/+), wx/wx, and h/h. The ranking among the doublemutant genotypes from smallest to largest starch particle volume was: du/du h/h, su2/su2 h/h, ae/ae h/h, and wx/wx h/h. The epistatic nature of the h allele further enhances its usefulness for increasing starch particle volume in combination with other endosperm starch mutants utilized to develop specialty starches with value-added traits. This study also demonstrated that the genetic variation present among maize inbreds could be useful in breeding for increased starch particle volume. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Genet & Precis Agr Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Truman State Univ, Div Sci, Kirksville, MO 63501 USA. RP Glover, DV (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, 1150 Lilly Hall Life Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 34 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2 BP 355 EP 359 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 525UY UT WOS:000174093500006 ER PT J AU Li, ZL Wilson, RF Rayford, WE Boerma, HR AF Li, ZL Wilson, RF Rayford, WE Boerma, HR TI Molecular mapping genes conditioning reduced palmitic acid content in N87-2122-4 soybean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; SEED OIL; ELEVATED PALMITATE; STEARIC-ACID; INHERITANCE; REGISTRATION; MUTANTS; LOCUS; RESISTANCE; GERMPLASM AB Palmitic acid is one of the two major saturated fatty acids of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil that is closely related to nutritional quality of soybean oil. Reduction of palmitic acid content would lower the total saturated fatty acid content of soybean oil and improve the oil quality for human consumption. Several mutant lines with reduced palmitic acid content have been developed in which the genes conditioning palmitic acid content are located at different loci. The objective of this research was to map the genes conferring reduced palmitic acid from N87-2122-4 on the public soybean genetic linkage map with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Four near-isogenic lines with normal and reduced palmitic acid content and the F-2 and F-2:3 generations of a population derived from the cross of 'Cook' x N87-2122-4 were used to perform the SSR mapping of the genes conditioning reduced palmitic acid. The results indicated that a major gene with an allele for reduced palmitic acid contributed by N87-2122-4 is located near the top of Linkage Group (LG) A1. A SSR marker, Satt684 in that region accounted for 38% of variation in palmitic acid content in the F2 generation and 31% of variation in the F-2:3 generation. On LG-M, Satt175 accounted for 8% of the variation in the F-2 and 9% of the variation in the F-2:3 generation. This minor gene on LG-M had a significant interaction with the gene on LG-A1 in the F-2 generation. When combined in a multiple regression equation, these markers explained 51% of total phenotypic variation for palmitic acid content in the F-2 and 43% of the variation in the F-2:3 generations. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Boerma, HR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 3111 Miller Plant Sci BLdg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 33 TC 27 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2 BP 373 EP 378 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 525UY UT WOS:000174093500009 ER PT J AU Li, HX Burton, JW AF Li, HX Burton, JW TI Selecting increased seed density to increase indirectly soybean seed protein concentration SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RECURRENT SELECTION; YIELD; SIZE AB Because soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is the world's most important source of high quality vegetable protein, development of high yielding genotypes with increased seed protein concentration is a major soybean breeding objective. A major impediment to this objective is the often observed negative correlation between yield and protein. Seed density is a component of grain yield that is correlated positively with seed protein concentration. If genotypic correlations between seed density and yield are low, selection for increased density could provide an efficient way to improve protein concentration without affecting seed yield. The objective of this study was to investigate direct and correlated responses to selection on density of seeds sampled from male-sterile plants in three different random-mating populations. Seed density was determined for 192 male-sterile plants in each population. In each population, 15 plants with the highest and 15 plants with lowest seed density were selected. Seeds of each selection were increased in the winter and tested the following summer at three locations in North Carolina with two replications per location. In those tests, the previously selected high and low density groups were not significantly different in seed density, seed weight, yield, or concentrations of protein and oil. Thus, single plant selection for seed density was ineffective for increasing seed density or seed protein concentration. An alternative selection method is proposed in which the selection unit is a selfed half-sib or S-1 family. Desired gains selection indices for increased density and seed weight may increase both protein and yield in all three populations. This selection system has appeal because measurement of seed density and seed weight is relatively inexpensive, requiring less economic and land resources than actual measurement of yield and protein. It is recommended as a lowcost way to improve initially unadapted populations. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Quintiles Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Burton, JW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2 BP 393 EP 398 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 525UY UT WOS:000174093500012 ER PT J AU Liu, XH Huang, BR Banowetz, G AF Liu, XH Huang, BR Banowetz, G TI Cytokinin effects on creeping bentgrass responses to heat stress: I. Shoot and root growth SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; INJURY; PLANT; WHEAT AB Heat stress injury may involve inhibition of cytokinin biosynthesis in roots. The objective of this study was to examine whether application of a synthetic cytokinin, zeatin riboside (ZR), to the root zone would enhance tolerance of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris L.) to high soil temperature or in combination with high air temperature. Grasses were exposed to three air and soil temperature regimes for 56 d in growth chambers: (i) optimum air and soil temperature (control), 20/20degreesC; (ii) optimum air but high soil temperature (20/35degreesC); and (iii) high air and soil temperatures (35/35degreesC). Four concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mumol) of ZR or water (control) were injected into the 0-5 cm root zone on the day before heat stress (0 d) and 14 d after. Turf visual quality, canopy net photosynthetic rate (P.), leaf photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), and vertical shoot extension rate decreased, whereas root mortality and root electrolyte leakage increased at 20/35 and 35/35degreesC, and to a greater extent at 35/35degreesC. Applications of 1 and 10 mumol ZR mitigated heat stress injury to shoots and roots during most of the experimental period, with 10 mumol ZR being more effective when applied at either 0 or 14 d of heat stress. Application of 0.1 mumol ZR was less effective than 1 and 10 mumol ZR. Application of 0.01 mumol ZR had no effects on shoot and root responses to high soil temperature alone or combined with high air temperature. Endogenous cytokinin content in both shoots and roots increased with the application of 1 and 10 mumol ZR. These results demonstrated that applying ZR at 1 or 10 mumol concentration to the root zone could alleviate heat stress injury of creeping bentgrass. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Bot & Microbiol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Huang, BR (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. NR 28 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2 BP 457 EP 465 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 525UY UT WOS:000174093500021 ER PT J AU Jung, HG Engels, FM AF Jung, HG Engels, FM TI Alfalfa stem tissues: Cell wall deposition, composition, and degradability SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FORAGE QUALITY VARIATION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; INVITRO DEGRADABILITY; RUMEN MICROORGANISMS; TRANSGENIC TOBACCO; DOWN-REGULATION; LIGNIN; DEGRADATION; MAIZE; DIGESTIBILITY AB Declining cell wall degradability of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) steins with maturation limits the nutritional value of alfalfa for ruminants. This study characterized changes in cell wall concentration, composition, and degradability by rumen microbes resulting from alfalfa stem tissue proliferation and development during maturation. The seventh internode from the shoot base of three alfalfa clones was sampled after 12, 17, 21, 31, and 87 d of regrowth in 1996 and 21 and 31 d in 1997. Cross sections v ere examined by light microscopy for tissue development, and after 48-h in vitro degradation. Cell wall concentration and composition of the internodes were determined by the Uppsala dietary fiber method, and cell wall degradability by rumen microbes was measured after 12 and 96 h. All stem tissues were pectin-rich and nonlignified at the two youngest maturities in 1996, except for primary xylem vessels which had lignified and thickened walls, and the internode was actively elongating. Primary xylem was the only tissue not degraded from immature stems. The 21-d-old internodes had completed elongation and begun secondary xylem proliferation. Secondary xylem lignified immediately, and lignification of primary phloem and pith parenchyma began when elongation ended. As tissues lignified, their cell walls became undegradable. Maturation increased stem proportion consisting of undegradable secondary xylem, and cell wall polysaccharide composition shifted from predominantly, pectin toward cellulose. Degradability of pectin remained high regardless of maturity stage, but cellulose and hemicellulose degradabilities declined as secondary xylem proliferated. Degradability of alfalfa stems would be improved if the amount of lignified secondary xylem was reduced. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Dairy Forage Res Ctr Cluster, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Plant Sci, Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Jung, HG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Cirlce, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 35 TC 59 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 15 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2 BP 524 EP 534 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 525UY UT WOS:000174093500030 ER PT J AU Ming, R Liu, SC Bowers, JE Moore, PH Irvine, JE Paterson, AH AF Ming, R Liu, SC Bowers, JE Moore, PH Irvine, JE Paterson, AH TI Construction of a Saccharum consensus genetic map from two interspecific crosses SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; LINKAGE MAP; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SPONTANEUM; ANDROPOGONEAE; ORGANIZATION; OFFICINARUM; MUTATIONS; MARKERS AB A consensus map of homologous DNA linkage groups from two genotypes in each of two Saccharum species was aligned with the compact diploid genome of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. A set of 439 DNA probes from different Poaceae (grasses) detected 2523 loci in two segregating populations derived from the crosses Saccharum officinarum L.'Green German' X S. spontaneum L. 'IND 81-146', and S. spontaneum 'PIN 84-1' x S. officinarum 'Muntok Java'. Genetic maps of the four Saccharum genotypes, including a total of 289 linkage groups (LGs), were assembled into 13 homologous groups (HGs) on the basis of parallel arrangements of duplicated loci. The consensus map of HGs consisted of 232 probes and 982 mapped loci/alleles in four sugarcane linkage maps. Of the 982 loci/alleles on the consensus map, 845 (86%) of them correspond to a single linkage group of Sorghum, indicating the highly conserved genome structure between these two closely related genera. At least six basic chromosomes, LGs A, D, F, H. I, and J, showed close correspondence to each other in Saccharum and Sorghum. Two possible chromosome fusion events were found in S. spontaneum corresponding to sorghum LG B fused with LG E, and LG B fused with LG G. This consensus map illustrates how the high-density sorghum linkage map can be used to facilitate the mapping and understanding of the complex sugarcane genome. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci Bot & Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Plant Genome Mapping Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Agr Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Agr Res & Ext Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Paterson, AH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci Bot & Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Bowers, John/B-9245-2009 NR 26 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2 BP 570 EP 583 PG 14 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 525UY UT WOS:000174093500036 ER PT J AU Jampatong, C McMullen, MD Barry, BD Darrah, LL Byrne, PF Kross, H AF Jampatong, C McMullen, MD Barry, BD Darrah, LL Byrne, PF Kross, H TI Quantitative trait loci for first- and second-generation European corn borer resistance derived from the maize inbred Mo47 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LEAF-FEEDING RESISTANCE; GENOMIC REGIONS; TROPICAL MAIZE; MULTIPLE LOCI; LINES; IDENTIFICATION; GERMPLASM; DIATRAEA; PROGENY; MARKERS AB European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), family Crambidae, order Lepidoptera, is a serious insect pest of maize (Zea mays L.) in the USA. Understanding the genetic basis for ECB resistance should increase the efficiency of breeding insect-resistant germplasm. The objectives of this study were to determine the number, genomic positions, and genetic effects of quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring resistance to leaf feeding damage cause by first-generation ECB (1ECB. defined as the trait of leaf feeding damage) and stalk, tunneling caused by second-generation ECB (2ECB, defined as the trait of stalk tunnel damage). The study included 244 F-2:3 families derived from the cross of B73Ht (susceptible) x Mo47 (resistant). Inbred Mo47 represented a novel source of ECB resistance containing 50% tropical germplasm. The QTL analyses for three individual envi- ronments and combined across environments were performed by composite interval mapping using QTL Cartographer. Nine QTLs were identified for IECB on chromosomes 1 (three QTLs),2,4 (two QTLs), 5, 6, and 8, on the basis of data combined across environments. Seven QTLs for 2ECB were found on chromosomes 2. 5 (two QTLs), 6 (two QTLs), 8, and 9. Several of the QTLs detected are located in genomic regions reported for resistance to other stein borer pests of maize. Inconsistency of QTLs across environments complicate., use of Mo47 for marker-assisted selection of ECB resistance. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Entomol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP McMullen, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 44 TC 28 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 10 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2 BP 584 EP 593 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 525UY UT WOS:000174093500037 ER PT J AU Ni, J Colowit, PM Mackill, DJ AF Ni, J Colowit, PM Mackill, DJ TI Evaluation of genetic diversity in rice subspecies using microsatellite markers SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ORYZA-SATIVA L.; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; POLYMORPHISM; SEQUENCES; CULTIVARS; RAPD; MAP AB Molecular markers are useful tools for evaluating genetic diversity and determining cultivar identity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity within a diverse collection of rice (Oryza sativa L.) accessions, and to determine differences in the patterns of diversity within the two rice subspecies indica and japonica. Thirty-eight rice cultivars of particular interest to U.S. breeding programs and two wild species accessions (O. rufipogon Griffithand O. nivara Sharma et Shastry) were evaluated by means of 111 microsatellite markers distributed over the whole rice genome. A total of 753 alleles were detected, and the number of alleles per marker ranged from 1 to 17, with an average of 6.8. A positive correlation was found between the number of alleles per locus and the maximum number of repeats within a microsatellite marker. Compared to indica cultivars, the japonica group showed significantly higher genetic diversity on chromosomes 6 and 7. and considerably lower diversity on chromosome 2. All rice cultivars and lines could be uniquely distinguished, and the resulting groups corresponded exactly to the indica and japonica subspecies, with japonica divided into temperate and tropical types. With stepwise discrimination, two subsets of approximately 30 markers were identified that produced genetic distance matrices and dendrograms that were the same as those produced by means of all 111 markers. The results suggested that a relatively small number of microsatellite markers could be used for the estimation of genetic diversity and the identification of rice cultivars. C1 Int Rice Res Inst, Manila, Philippines. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Mackill, DJ (reprint author), Int Rice Res Inst, DAPO Box 7777, Manila, Philippines. RI Mackill, David/C-6368-2014 OI Mackill, David/0000-0003-4224-6781 NR 29 TC 136 Z9 166 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2 BP 601 EP 607 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 525UY UT WOS:000174093500039 ER EF