FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Taylor, MM Liu, CK Latona, N Marmer, WN Brown, EM AF Taylor, MM Liu, CK Latona, N Marmer, WN Brown, EM TI Enzymatic modification of hydrolysis products from collagen using a microbial transglutaminase. II. Preparation of films SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SOYBEAN 11S GLOBULIN; PROTEIN-BASED FILMS; CROSS-LINKING; WHEY PROTEINS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; FUNCTIONAL-PROPERTIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; GELATIN FILMS; EDIBLE FILMS AB The use of renewable resources in the production of goods traditionally made from petroleum products has recently gained increasing research interest. Environmental concerns, such as biodegradability and ever increasing landfill fees, could be allayed by use of these products. During the conversion of hides and skins into leather, a high percentage of the original collagen substrate becomes waste. This waste has potential for recycling into useful products. Historically, gelatins (a collagen by-product) have been modified chemically, and the physical properties of these products have been improved. However, because of cost and the toxicity issues associated with some crosslinking chemicals, enzymatically modified products would be highly desirable. Commercial gelatins were treated enzymatically with a microbial transglutaminase, mixed with glycerol as plasticizer, and films were prepared. It was found that the amount of glycerol added affected the mechanical properties, particularly the maximum strain. Increasing the concentration of cross-linking agent gave products with higher tensile strengths that were less soluble in water and had improved water absorption properties. The products resulting from these studies have implications not only in the preparation of edible films and sausage casings, but also in the packaging material market, a market not previously utilized because of poor mechanical properties of gelatin films. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Taylor, MM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 50 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 97 IS 6 BP 225 EP 234 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 596EE UT WOS:000178150500003 ER PT J AU Qi, PX Brown, EM AF Qi, PX Brown, EM TI Molecular modeling of N-terminal telopeptides of bovine type I collagen SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID 3-DIMENSIONAL-ENERGY MINIMIZED MODELS; CROSS-LINKING; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; SOLUTION CONFORMATION; FOOD PROTEINS; TRIPLE HELIX; AMINO-ACIDS; TRANSGLUTAMINASE; MICROFIBRIL; SPECTROSCOPY AB Functionality, both biological and technological, follows from protein structure. Computer-assisted molecular modeling is a useful tool for visualizing structure-function relationships in proteins. A model of the triple helical portion of a bovine type I collagen microfbril was previously developed in our laboratory for use in studies of mechanisms of collagen crosslinking and modification. This model has now been enhanced by the addition of the N-terminal, nonhelical, telopeptides. The telopeptide region is highly flexible, allowing reactive side-chains of residues such as lysine to assume conformations favorable for interaction with adjacent triple helix chains. All naturally occurring collagen crosslinks are anchored in the telopeptide region. This enhancement to our model will enable us to visualize the effects of enzymatic crosslinking on collagen structure and stability. The current model is now more useful for studying mechanisms of inter- and intramicrofibril crosslinking of collagen by chemical and biochemical methods. The potential for transglutaminase crosslinking of collagen is explored with the model. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Brown, EM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSN PI LUBBOCK PA TEXAS TECH UNIV, BOX 45300, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-5300 USA SN 0002-9726 J9 J AM LEATHER CHEM AS JI J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 97 IS 6 BP 235 EP 242 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 596EE UT WOS:000178150500004 ER PT J AU Pantalone, VR Wilson, RF Novitzky, WP Burton, JW AF Pantalone, VR Wilson, RF Novitzky, WP Burton, JW TI Genetic regulation of elevated stearic acid concentration in soybean oil SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE developing seed; fas alleles; genetics; glycerolipid composition; Glycine max; inheritance; oil; palmitic acid; saturated fat; stearic acid ID SEED OIL; INHERITANCE; MUTANTS; REGISTRATION; ASSOCIATION AB Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil from commercial cultivars typically contains ca. 3% stearic acid (18:0). However, germplasm carrying different mutations at the locus governing stearic acid (Fas) may contain 3% to about 35% 18:0. Among these germplasm, a newly developed line, FAM94-41 (9% 18:0), carries a serendipitous natural mutation that is temporarily designated as the recessive fas(nc) allele, and the germplasm A6 (26% 18:0) carries the recessive fas(a) allele. Mendelian genetic analysis of progeny from FAM94-41 x A6 revealed that fas(nc) and fas(a) are allelic to each other and represent different mutations in the same structural gene. However, the gene products (enzymes) produced by these alleles are unknown. The observation that 18:0 concentrations among progeny from FAM94-41 x A6 increased primarily at the expense of unsaturated C-18 FA suggests that fas alleles may reduce either 18:0-acyl carrier protein (AcP) desaturase or 18:1-ACP thioesterase activity. However, it also is conceivable that elevated 18:0 concentrations may result from increased 3-keto-acyl-ACP synthetase (KAS) II activity. To test the latter possibility, a population was created that segregated for the fas(nc) and the fap(2) alleles (the latter of which is associated with reduced KAS-II activity). Mendelian genetic analysis showed that these alleles represent independent genes at different gene loci and interact in an additive genetic manner to increase the total saturate concentration in this population. Based on this finding, we speculate that fas alleles probably encode 18:0-ACP desaturase or 18:1-ACP thioesterase in soybeans. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Syst, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Pantalone, VR (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Plant Sci & Landscape Syst, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 79 IS 6 BP 549 EP 553 AR UNSP J10022 DI 10.1007/s11746-002-0520-8 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 565WX UT WOS:000176393400006 ER PT J AU Xu, JY Liu, ZS Erhan, SZ Carriere, CJ AF Xu, JY Liu, ZS Erhan, SZ Carriere, CJ TI A potential biodegradable rubber-viscoelastic properties of a soybean oil-based composite SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE biodegradable material; rheology; soybean oil; viscoelastic properties AB Scientists are more and more interested in biodegradable materials owing to their environmental advantage. We investigated viscoelastic properties of a newly developed biomaterial made from epoxidized soybean oil (ESO). ESO crosslinked by triethylene glycol d amine exhibited viscoelastic solid properties. The storage modulus (G') was 2 x 10(4) Pa over four frequency decades. The phase angles were 14-18degrees. Stress relaxation measurements showed that there was no relaxation up to 500 s. From the plateau modulus we estimated that the MAN. of this cross-linked soybean oil was on the order of 10(5). The composites of cross-linked ESO with three different fibers had 50 times higher elasticity (G') than those without fiber. Phase shifts were the same as those of cross-linked oil without fibers, but the linear range of rheological properties was much narrower than that of the material without filers. All these results indicated that this new biopolymer made from soybean oil exhibited strong viscoelastic solid properties similar to synthetic rubbers. These rheological properties implied that this biomaterial has high potential to replace some of the synthetic rubber and/or plastics. C1 ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 60604 USA. RP Xu, JY (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 60604 USA. EM xuj@mail.ncaur.usda.gov NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 79 IS 6 BP 593 EP 596 AR UNSP J10177 DI 10.1007/s11746-002-0528-0 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 565WX UT WOS:000176393400014 ER PT J AU Callahan, JD Brown, F Csorio, FA Sur, JH Kramer, E Long, GW Lubroth, J Ellis, SJ Shoulars, KS Gaffney, KL Rock, DL Nelson, WM AF Callahan, JD Brown, F Csorio, FA Sur, JH Kramer, E Long, GW Lubroth, J Ellis, SJ Shoulars, KS Gaffney, KL Rock, DL Nelson, WM TI Use of a portable real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAKS; UK AB Objective-To evaluate a portable real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay designed to detect all 7 viral serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Design-Laboratory and animal studies. Study Population-Viruses grown in tissue culture and animals experimentally infected with FMDV. Procedure-1 steer, pig, and sheep were infected with serotype 0 FMDV. Twenty-four hours later, animals were placed in separate rooms that contained 4 FMDV-free, healthy animals of the same species. Oral and nasal swab specimens, oropharyngeal specimens obtained with a probang, and blood samples were obtained at frequent intervals, and animals were observed for fever and clinical signs of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Samples from animals and tissue cultures were assayed for infectious virus and viral RNA. Results-The assay detected viral RNA representing all 7 FMDV serotypes grown in tissue culture but did not amplify a panel of selected viruses that included those that cause vesicular diseases similar to FMD; thus, the assay had a specificity of 100%, depending on the panel selected. The assay also met or exceeded sensitivity of viral culture on samples from experimentally infected animals. In many instances, the assay detected viral RNA in the mouth and nose 24 to 96 hours before the onset of clinical disease. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The assay reagents are produced in a vitrified form, which permits storage and transportation at ambient temperatures. The test can be performed in 2 hours or less on a portable instrument, thus providing a rapid, portable, sensitive, and specific method for detection of FMDV. C1 Tetracore Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Univ Nebraska, Coll Agr Sci & Nat Resources, Dept Vet & Biomed Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Callahan, JD (reprint author), Tetracore Inc, 11 Firstfield Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. NR 16 TC 158 Z9 166 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 1 PY 2002 VL 220 IS 11 BP 1636 EP 1642 DI 10.2460/javma.2002.220.1636 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 557BZ UT WOS:000175888600023 PM 12051502 ER PT J AU Clinton, SM Edwards, RT Naiman, RJ AF Clinton, SM Edwards, RT Naiman, RJ TI Forest-river interactions: Influence on hyporheic dissolved organic carbon concentrations in a floodplain terrace SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE aquatic ecosystems; hyporheic zone; riparian; flood-plain river; dissolved organic carbon ID VERTICAL HYDROLOGIC EXCHANGE; SONORAN DESERT STREAM; RED ALDER; SEDIMENTS; ECOSYSTEM; GROUNDWATER AB In large floodplain rivers, hyporheic (subsurface) flowpaths transfer nutrients from productive riparian terraces to oligotrophic off-channel habitats. Because dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fuels microbial processes and hyporheic microorganisms represent the first stage of retention and transformation of these nutrients, understanding DOC flux can provide information on the constraints of microbial metabolism in the hyporheic zone of rivers, We monitored hydrology, physicochemical indicators, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) dynamics during low and high discharge periods in the hyporheic zone of a riparian terrace on the Queets River, Washington, to understand what processes control the supply of carbon to subsurface microbial communities. As discharge increased, terrace hyporheic, flowpaths changed from parallel to focused, and the location of surface water inputs to the terrace shifted from the terrace edge to head. Overall, DOC concentrations decreased along hyporheic flowpaths; however, concentrations at points along the flowpaths varied with position along the head gradient and age of the overlying vegetation. We estimated that there is insufficient DOC in advecting surface water to support hyporheic microbial metabolism in this riparian terrace, These trends indicate that there are additional carbon sources to the subsurface water, and we conclude that DOC is leaching from overlying riparian soils within the forest patches. Thus, subsurface DOC concentrations reflect a balance between surface water inputs, metabolic uptake, and allochthonous inputs from forest soils. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Ctr Streamside Studies, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Aquat Land Interact Res Program, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Clinton, SM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Ctr Streamside Studies, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Naiman, Robert /K-3113-2012 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 3 BP 619 EP 631 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb00984.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 572HW UT WOS:000176769300002 ER PT J AU Rivera-Ramirez, HD Warner, GS Scatena, FN AF Rivera-Ramirez, HD Warner, GS Scatena, FN TI Prediction of master recession curves and baseflow recessions in the Luquillo mountains of Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE master recession curve; recession constant; base-flow; streamflow prediction; forest hydrology; Puerto Rico ID FLOW AB An analysis of hydrograph recessions and rainfall data was performed to estimate the recession constants for two watersheds in the Luquillo mountains of Puerto Rico. To account for seasonal rainfall patterns, the data were grouped into dry and wet seasons. Sets of three Master Recession Curves (MRC) per season for each watershed were developed: one using the Matching Strip Method (MS) and two using variations of the Correlation Method (CM). These variations were the envelope line (CME) and the least squares regression (CMR). Other regression based analytical expressions that consider the streamflow recession as an autoregressive or an integrated moving average process were also applied. The regression based methods performed consistently better than the graphical ones and they proved to be faster, easier, and less subjective. The recession constants from these methods were then used to estimate the time it would take the streamflow to reach the critical Q(99) flow duration. Based on this study, once the streamflow reaches Q(90), water managers have 6 to 12 days warning before streamflow reaches critical levels. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Nat Resources Management & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. US Dept Agr, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR 00928 USA. RP Rivera-Ramirez, HD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 3 BP 693 EP 704 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb00990.x PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 572HW UT WOS:000176769300008 ER PT J AU Simpkins, WW Burkart, MR Helmke, MF Twedt, TN James, DE Jaquis, RJ Cole, KJ AF Simpkins, WW Burkart, MR Helmke, MF Twedt, TN James, DE Jaquis, RJ Cole, KJ TI Potential impact of earthen waste storage structures on water resources in Iowa SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Geographic Information Systems; animal waste management; water policy/regulation/decision making ID QUALITY; LAGOON; HERBICIDES; SEEPAGE AB Earthen waste storage structures (EWSS) associated with large confined (concentrated) animal feeding operations (CAFOs) were evaluated for their potential to impact water resources in Iowa. A representative sample of 34 EWSS from a digital database of 439 lagoons and basins permitted between 1987 and 1994 was analyzed. Eighteen percent (6 of 34) directly overlie alluvial aquifers that are used widely for potable water supply. Ninetyfour percent (29 of 31) were constructed below the water table based on EWSS depth data. At 65 percent of EWSS (22 of 34), 50 percent or more of the manure - spreading area (MSA) has a water-table depth less than 1.6 m. At 74 percent of EWSS (25 of 34), 90 percent or more of the MSA contains soil with vertical K exceeding 25.4 mm/hr. Seventy-one percent (24 of 34) occur where 10 percent or less of the MSA is frequently flooded. No significant differences were found among leakage rates due to aquifer vulnerability class or surficial material. However, at least 50 percent of EWSS (14 of 28) leaked at rates significantly greater than 1.6 mm/d under the new construction standard, The estimated 5,000 unregulated CAFOs may have a greater potential to impact water resources in Iowa. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Simpkins, WW (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER WATER RESOURCES ASSOC PI MIDDLEBURG PA 4 WEST FEDERAL ST, PO BOX 1626, MIDDLEBURG, VA 20118-1626 USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 3 BP 759 EP 771 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2002.tb00995.x PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 572HW UT WOS:000176769300013 ER PT J AU Henry, TJ AF Henry, TJ TI Review of the stilt bug genus Hoplinus, with the description of a new species and notes on other Hoplinini (Heteroptera : Berytidae : Gampsocorinae) SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Heteroptera; Berytidae; Gampsocorinae; Hoplinus paulai; new species; distribution; hosts AB The new stilt bug Hoplinus paulai is described from Minas Gerais. Brazil. Habitus photographs. scanning electron micrographs of selected structure.,,. illustrations of male parameres. and a revised key are provided to help distinguish this species from other members of the genus. New distribution and/or host records are given for Hoplinus scutellatus Henry, Oedalocanthits ornatus Henry, and Xenoloma princeps Harris. and a discussion pertaining to the rediscovered name-bearing type of Neides spinosissimus Signoret, the type species of Hoplinus Stal, is provided. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Henry, TJ (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 110 IS 2 BP 182 EP 191 DI 10.1664/0028-7199(2002)110[0182:ROTSBG]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 629VZ UT WOS:000180073600002 ER PT J AU Konstantinov, A AF Konstantinov, A TI Revision of Paraminota Scherer (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Chrysomelidae; synonymy; new species; Nepal AB Parantinota is revised and Chabriella Medvedev, 1990 and Schawalleria Medvedev, 1990 are synonymized with Paraminota. Chabriella minuta Medvedev 1990 is synonymized with Schawalleria lamprosomoides Medvedev. 1990. A new species, P. lauribina from Nepal is described, A key to species of Paraminota and illustrations of all these taxa are provided. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Konstantinov, A (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, MRC 168, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 110 IS 2 BP 234 EP 246 DI 10.1664/0028-7199(2002)110[0234:ROPSCC]2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 629VZ UT WOS:000180073600007 ER PT J AU Brown, JW Adamski, D AF Brown, JW Adamski, D TI One new species and one new combination in Netechma Razowski (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae : Euliini) SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE genitalia; Cochylis caesiata; biodiversity; Costa Rica; Venezuela ID SOUTH-AMERICA LEPIDOPTERA; GENUS AB Netechma similis, new species. from Costa Rica, is described and illustrated, and Netechma caesiata (Clarke), new combination, from Venezuela, is redescribed and illustrated, Netechma Razowski belongs to a group of genera in Eulini characterized by one or more sparganothine-like features of the male genitalia, including a spiny transtilla a long, slender, hooklike Linens: and densely scaled socii, Adults of the two treated species are superficially most similar to species of Icteralaria Razowski, with a forewing that features a broad, dark, medial band on a pale yellow ground color. C1 Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Brown, JW (reprint author), Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA ARS, Inst Plant Sci, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 110 IS 2 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1664/0028-7199(2002)110[0247:ONSAON]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 629VZ UT WOS:000180073600008 ER PT J AU Small, BC Davis, KB AF Small, BC Davis, KB TI Validation of a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for measuring plasma cortisol in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STRESS; FISH AB A time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA) marketed for measuring cortisol in human sera was evaluated and validated for use in the quantification of plasma cortisol concentrations of channel catfish Ictalarus punctatus. Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassays provide non-isotopic alternatives to the use of radioimmunoassays (RIA). The evaluated TR-FIA satisfied strict criteria of precision (intra-assay coefficients of variation (CV) < 7%) and reproducibility (inter-assay CV less than or equal to 9%). Accuracy of the TR-FIA, calculated as the percent of exogenous cortisol recovered from spiked catfish plasma. averaged 99.5%. Assay sensitivity (minimum detection limit) in catfish plasma was 1.2 ng/mL. and the displacement curve for serially diluted channel catfish plasma paralleled the cortisol standard curve. Plasma cortisol concentrations of channel catfish in the presence and absence of a confinement stressor were used to characterize the immunoreactive cortisol measurable by TR-FIA, and compared favorably to RIA values for the same samples (r(2) 0.95, P < 0.001). C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Small, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, POB 38, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RI Small, Brian/I-3762-2012 NR 9 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 33 IS 2 BP 184 EP 187 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2002.tb00493.x PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 571WH UT WOS:000176741800010 ER PT J AU Kline, DL AF Kline, DL TI Evaluation of various models of propane-powered mosquito traps SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mosquito trap design; propane traps; trapping efficiency AB Large cage and field studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of various models of propane-powered mosquito traps. These traps utilized counterflow technology in conjunction with catalytic combustion to produce attractants (carbon dioxide, water vapor, and heat) and a thermoelectric generator that converted excess heat into electricity for stand-alone operation. The cage studies showed that large numbers of Aedes aegypti and Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus were captured and that each progressive model resulted in increased trapping efficiency. In several field studies against natural populations of mosquitoes two different propane traps were compared against two other trap systems, the professional (PRO) and counterflow geometry (CFG) traps. In these studies the propane traps consistently caught more mosquitoes than the PRO trap and significantly fewer mosquitoes than the CFG traps. The difference in collection size between the CFG and propane traps was due mostly to Anopheles crucians. In spring 1997 the CFG trap captured 3.6X more An. crucians than the Portable Propane (PP) model and in spring 1998 it captured 6.3X more An. crucians than the Mosquito Magnet Beta-1 (MMB-1) trap. Both the PP and MMB-1 captured slightly more Culex spp. than the CFG trap. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Kline, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 5 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 11 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI SANTA ANA PA PO BOX 87, SANTA ANA, CA 92702 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 569XJ UT WOS:000176627700002 PM 12125861 ER PT J AU Pan, Y McGuire, AD Melillo, JM Kicklighter, DW Sitch, S Prentice, IC AF Pan, Y McGuire, AD Melillo, JM Kicklighter, DW Sitch, S Prentice, IC TI A biogeochemistry-based dynamic vegetation model and its application along a moisture gradient in the continental United States SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IGBP Terrestrial Transects Workshop CY JUL 12-16, 1999 CL DARWIN, AUSTRALIA DE biogeochemistry; biogeography; plant functional type; TEM-LPJ; VEMAP ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; TREE-GRASS INTERACTIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; EQUILIBRIUM RESPONSES; AMAZONIAN ECOSYSTEMS; TEMPERATE FORESTS; ORGANIC-MATTER AB We develop and evaluate a large-scale dynamic vegetation model, TEM-LPJ, which considers interactions among water, light and nitrogen in simulating ecosystem function and structure. We parameterized the model for three plant functional types (PFTs): a temperate deciduous forest, a temperate coniferous forest, and a temperate C-3 grassland. Model parameters were determined using data from forest stands at the Harvard Forest in Massachusetts. Applications of the model reasonably simulated stand development over 120 yr for Populus tremuloides in Wisconsin and for Pinus elliottii in Florida. Our evaluation of tree-grass interactions simulated by the model indicated that competition for light led to dominance by the deciduous forest PFT in moist regions of eastern United States and that water competition led to dominance by the grass PFT in dry regions of the central United States. Along a moisture transect at 41.5degrees N in the eastern United States, simulations by TEM-LPJ reproduced the composition of potential temperate deciduous forest, temperate savanna, and C3 grassland located along the transect. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Alaska Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany. Lund Univ, Dept Ecol, Global Syst Grp, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. RP Pan, Y (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 11 Campus Blvd, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RI Pan, Yude/F-6145-2015; Sitch, Stephen/F-8034-2015 OI Sitch, Stephen/0000-0003-1821-8561 NR 61 TC 10 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI LANNA PA MALMEN, S-740 11 LANNA, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 13 IS 3 BP 369 EP 382 DI 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02061.x PG 14 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 601CF UT WOS:000178428000008 ER PT J AU Tulman, ER Afonso, CL Lu, Z Zsak, L Sur, JH Sandybaev, NT Kerembekova, UZ Zaitsev, VL Kutish, GF Rock, DL AF Tulman, ER Afonso, CL Lu, Z Zsak, L Sur, JH Sandybaev, NT Kerembekova, UZ Zaitsev, VL Kutish, GF Rock, DL TI The genomes of sheeppox and goatpox viruses SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; LUMPY SKIN-DISEASE; VACCINIA VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MYXOMA VIRUS; CAPRIPOXVIRUS; GENE; REVEALS; RECEPTOR; PROTEIN AB Sheeppox virus (SPPV) and goatpox virus (GTPV), members of the Capripoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae, are etiologic agents of important diseases of sheep and goats in northern and central Africa, southwest and central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. Here we report the genomic sequence and comparative analysis of five SPPV and GTPV isolates, including three pathogenic field isolates and two attenuated vaccine viruses. SPPV and GTPV genomes are approximately 150 kbp and are strikingly similar to each other, exhibiting 96% nucleotide identity over their entire length. Wild-type genomes share at least 147 putative genes, including conserved poxvirus replicative and structural genes and genes likely involved in virulence and host range. SPPV and GTPV genomes are very similar to that of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), sharing 97% nucleotide identity. All SPPV and GTPV genes are present in LSDV. Notably in both SPPV and GTPV genomes, nine LSDV genes with likely virulence and host range functions are disrupted, including a gene unique to LSDV (LSDV132) and genes similar to those coding for interleukin-1 receptor, myxoma virus M003.2 and M004.1 genes (two copies each), and vaccinia virus F11L, N2L, and K7L genes. The absence of these genes in SPPV and GTPV suggests a significant role for them in the bovine host range. SPPV and GTPV genomes contain specific nucleotide differences, suggesting they are phylogenetically distinct. Relatively few genomic changes in SPPV and GTPV vaccine viruses account for viral attenuation, because they contain 71 and 7 genomic changes compared to their respective field strains. Notable genetic changes include mutation or disruption of genes with predicted functions involving virulence and host range, including two ankyrin repeat proteins in SPPV and three kelch-like proteins in GTPV. These comparative genomic data indicate the close genetic relationship among capripoxviruses, and they suggest that SPPV and GTPV are distinct and likely derived from an LSDV-like ancestor. C1 ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. Sci Res Agr Inst Zhambylskaya, Gvardeiskiy 485444, Oblast Kordaisk, Kazakhstan. RP Rock, DL (reprint author), ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 61 TC 109 Z9 158 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 76 IS 12 BP 6054 EP 6061 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.12.6054-6061.2002 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 557MK UT WOS:000175912200022 PM 12021338 ER PT J AU Tumpey, TM Suarez, DL Perkins, LEL Senne, DA Lee, JG Lee, YJ Mo, IP Sung, HW Swayne, DE AF Tumpey, TM Suarez, DL Perkins, LEL Senne, DA Lee, JG Lee, YJ Mo, IP Sung, HW Swayne, DE TI Characterization of a highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza a virus isolated from duck meat SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HONG-KONG; A H5N1; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; SOUTHEASTERN CHINA; INTERNAL GENES; AQUATIC BIRDS; CLEAVAGE SITE; WILD DUCKS; HUMANS AB Since the 1997 H5N1 influenza virus outbreak in humans and poultry in Hong Kong, the emergence of closely related viruses in poultry has raised concerns that additional zoonotic transmissions of influenza viruses from poultry to humans may occur. In May 2001, an avian H5N1 influenza A virus was isolated from duck meat that had been imported to South Korea from China. Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of A/Duck/Anyang/AVL-1/01 showed that the virus clustered with the H5 Goose/Guandong/1/96 lineage and 1997 Hong Kong human isolates and possessed an HA cleavage site sequence identical to these isolates. Following intravenous or intranasal inoculation, this virus was highly pathogenic and replicated to high titers in chickens. The pathogenesis of DK/Anyang/AVL-1/01 virus in Pekin ducks was further characterized and compared with a recent H5N1 isolate, A/Chicken/Hong Kong/317.5/01, and an H5N1 1997 chicken isolate, A/Chicken/Hong Kong/220/97. Although no clinical signs of disease were observed in H5N1 virus-inoculated ducks, infectious virus could be detected in lung tissue, cloacal, and oropharyngeal swabs. The DK/Anyang/AVL-1/01 virus was unique among the H5N1 isolates in that infectious virus and viral antigen could also be detected in muscle and brain tissue of ducks. The pathogenesis of DK/Anyang/AVL-1/01 virus was characterized in BALB/c mice and compared with the other H5N1 isolates. All viruses replicated in mice, but in contrast to the highly lethal CK/HK/220/97 virus, DK/Anyang/AVL-1/01 and CK/HK/317.5/01 viruses remained localized to the respiratory tract. DK/Anyang/AVL-1/01 virus caused weight loss and resulted in 22 to 33% mortality, whereas CK/HK/317.5/01-infected mice exhibited no morbidity or mortality. The isolation of a highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus from poultry indicates that such viruses are still circulating in China and may present a risk for transmission of the virus to humans. C1 ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Diagnost Virol Lab, Natl Vet Serv Labs, USDA, Ames, IA USA. Natl Vet Res & Quarantine Serv, Avian Dis Div, Anyang 430824, South Korea. RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 58 TC 118 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 76 IS 12 BP 6344 EP 6355 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.12.6344-6355.2002 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 557MK UT WOS:000175912200051 PM 12021367 ER PT J AU Bhaduri, S AF Bhaduri, S TI Comparison of multiplex PCR, PCR-ELISA and fluorogenic 5 ' nuclease PCR assays for detection of plasmid-bearing virulent Yersinia enterocolitica in swine feces SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES LA English DT Article DE detection; PCR; Yersinia enterocolitica; plasmid; virulence; swine feces ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FOODS; IDENTIFICATION; SEROTYPES; SAMPLES; STRAINS; GENE AB Swine are implicated as the principal animal reservoir for plasmid-bearing Yersinia enterocolitica (YEP+) strains that are pathogenic to humans. To evaluate the utility of the PCR for detection of YEP+ strains in naturally-contaminated pig feces, samples were first enriched in Irgasan ticarcillin potassium chlorate broth for 48 h at 25degreesC and then tested by multiplex PCR, PCR-ELISA, and fluorogenic 5' nuclease PCR assays. Three different primer sets for amplification of the ail gene sequences were used in these three assays. Three out of 50 (6%) samples were positive for YEP+ strains using the multiplex PCR targeting the chromosomal ail (170 bp) and plasmid virF (591 bp) genes. Two of the 3 samples positive by the multiplex PCR were also positive by the PCR-ELISA method using primers targeting the ail gene (425 bp). In contrast, the fluorogenic 5' nuclease PCR assay failed to detect an ail gene sequence (118 bp) in any of the 50 samples. These results indicate that the multiplex PCR was the most reliable and sensitive assay for detecting YEP+ strains in feces among the three assays evaluated. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbiol Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Bhaduri, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbiol Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 23 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0890-8508 J9 MOL CELL PROBE JI Mol. Cell. Probes PD JUN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 3 BP 191 EP 196 DI 10.1006/mcpr.2002.0408 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology GA 586YF UT WOS:000177613200005 PM 12144770 ER PT J AU Roehrdanz, RL Degrugillier, ME Black, WC AF Roehrdanz, RL Degrugillier, ME Black, WC TI Novel rearrangements of arthropod mitochondrial DNA detected with Long-PCR: Applications to arthropod phylogeny and evolution SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE mtDNA; long-PCR; gene order; arthropod phylogeny ID CRAB LIMULUS-POLYPHEMUS; CHAIN-REACTION PRIMERS; GENOME ORGANIZATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; GENE REARRANGEMENTS; DAPHNIA-PULEX; INSECTS; CRUSTACEA; TICK; ARRANGEMENT AB Rearrangements of mitochondrial DNA gene order have been suggested as a tool for defining the pattern of evolutionary divergence in arthropod taxa. We have employed a combination of highly conserved insect-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers with long-PCR to survey 14 noninsect arthropods for mitochondrial gene rearrangements. The size of the amplified fragments was used to order the primer containing genes, Five chelicerates exhibit amplicons that Eire consistent with the presumptive ancestral arthropod mtDNA gene order. These five species comprise two soft ticks, two prostriate hard ticks, and an opilionid. Six other chelicerates, all metastriate hard ticks, have a different arrangement that was originally discovered by this procedure and has been previously detailed in a complete mtDNA sequence. Three new arthropod mtDNA gene arrangements are described here. They were discovered in a terrestrial crustacean (Isopoda) and two myriapods (Chilopoda, centipedes Diplopoda, millipede), These rearrangements include major realignments of some of the large coding regions and two possible new position,; for the tRNA(Met) (M) gene in arthropods. The long-PCR approach affords an opportunity to quickly screen divergent taxa for major rearrange men is. Taxa exhibiting rearrangements can be targeted for DNA sequencing of gene boundaries to establish the details of the mtDNA organization. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Roehrdanz, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Red River Valley Agr Res Ctr, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 40 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 19 IS 6 BP 841 EP 849 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 562RA UT WOS:000176211700006 PM 12032240 ER PT J AU Goodwin, SB AF Goodwin, SB TI The barley scald pathogen Rhynchosporium secalis is closely related to the discomycetes Tapesia and Pyrenopeziza SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-STRUCTURE; RIBOSOMAL DNA; YALLUNDAE; TELEOMORPH; ALISMATIS; APOTHECIA; REGION; WHEAT AB Rhynchosporium secalis causes an economically important foliar disease of barley, rye, and other grasses known as leaf blotch or scald. This species has been difficult to classify due to a paucity of morphological features; the genus Rhynchosporium produces conidia from vegetative hyphae directly, without conidiophores or other structures. Furthermore, no teleomorph has been associated with R. secalis, so essentially nothing is known about its phylogenetic relationships. To identify other fungi that might be related to R. secalis, the 18S ribosomal RNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (ITSI, 5.8S rRNA gene, and ITS2) were sequenced and compared to those in databases. Among 31 18S sequences downloaded from GenBank, the closest relatives to R. secalis were two species of Graphium (hyphomycetes) and two other accessions that were not identified to genus or species. Therefore, 18S sequences were not useful for elucidating the phylogenetic relationships of R. secalis. However, analyses of 76 ITS sequences revealed very close relationships among R. secalis and species of the discomycete genera Tapesia and Pyrenopeziza, as well as several anamorphic fungi including soybean and Adzuki-bean isolates of Phialophora gregata. These species all clustered together with 100% bootstrap support. On the basis of these results, the teleomorph of R. secalis, if it exists, most likely will be a small apothecium produced directly on dead, infected host tissue. The ITS analysis also indicated that higher-level classifications within the discomycetes need to be revised, and that Tapesia and Pyrenopeziza probably do not belong in the Dermateaceae. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Goodwin, SB (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Crop Prod & Pest Control Res Unit, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 1155 Lilly Hall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 30 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 106 BP 645 EP 654 DI 10.1017/S0953756202006007 PN 6 PG 10 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 595BW UT WOS:000178087800004 ER PT J AU Mihail, JD Bruhn, JN Leininger, TD AF Mihail, JD Bruhn, JN Leininger, TD TI The effects of moisture and oxygen availability on rhizomorph generation by Armillaria tabescens in comparison A-gallica and A-mellea SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ROOT DISEASE; FORESTS; GROWTH AB Compared with other Armillaria species, natural melanized rhizomorphs of A. tabescens are rarely observed. Growing in autoclaved Vitis stem segments, A. tabescens isolates from the Ozark Mountains in the central USA formed fully melanized rhizomorphs, thinner and shorter than those observed for other Armillaria species under field conditions, and only under conditions of both high oxygen availability, greater than or equal to 2 mug cm(-2) min(-1) and moisture near saturation. Conducive conditions were used to compare the rhizomorph generation capacities of A. tabescens, A. gallica, and A. mellea, which have overlapping host and geographic ranges in central North America. While the rhizomorphs of A. tabescens were significantly shorter than those of the other two species, A. gallica and A. tabescens produced similar numbers of rhizomorph initials. Finally, we demonstrated the ability of melanized A. tabescens rhizomorphs to span woody food bases and thereby establish viable infections by penetration of intact bark of Vitis stem segments. We hypothesize that A. tabescens rhizomorphs form under conditions of periodic saturation which promote rapid water movement through naturally occurring lacunae in the soil. Thus, the role of A. tabescens rhizomorphs in the spread of the fungus should be re-evaluated. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Mihail, JD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 106 BP 697 EP 704 DI 10.1017/S0953756202005920 PN 6 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 595BW UT WOS:000178087800009 ER PT J AU Farr, DF Castlebury, LA Rossman, AY Putnam, ML AF Farr, DF Castlebury, LA Rossman, AY Putnam, ML TI A new species of Phomopsis causing twig dieback of Vaccinium vitis-idaea (lingonberry) SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FUNGI AB A fungus was discovered causing a progressive twig dieback on stems of Vaccinium vitis-idaea (lingonberry) in Oregon. Both morphological and molecular data suggest that the fungus belongs in Diaporthe/Phomopsis but is distinct from P. vaccinii, cause of a dieback and fruit rot of blueberry and cranberry (Vaccinium spp.). This fungus is described and illustrated as a new species, Phomopsis columnaris. It is distinguished from other species of Phomopsis by the distinctive conidiophores that consist of vertically aligned cells lining the base and sides of the conidiomata. Another species of Phomopsis described on Vaccinium, Phomopsis myrtilli, known from V. myrtillus, is redescribed and illustrated based on authentic herbarium material. C1 USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Farr, DF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, 10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 106 BP 745 EP 752 DI 10.1017/S095375620200583X PN 6 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 595BW UT WOS:000178087800014 ER PT J AU Mehta, RA Cassol, T Li, N Ali, N Handa, AK Mattoo, AK AF Mehta, RA Cassol, T Li, N Ali, N Handa, AK Mattoo, AK TI Engineered polyamine accumulation in tomato enhances phytonutrient content, juice quality, and vine life SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE DECARBOXYLASE; FRUIT; ETHYLENE; GENE; EXPRESSION; BIOSYNTHESIS; LYCOPENE; PLANTS; ANTISENSE; PRODUCTS AB Polyamines, ubiquitous organic aliphatic cations, have been implicated in a myriad of physiological and developmental processes in many organisms, but their in vivo functions remain to be determined. We expressed a yeast S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase gene (ySAMdc; Spe2) fused with a ripening-inducible E8 promoter to specifically increase levels of the polyamines spermidine and spermine in tomato fruit during ripening. Independent transgenic plants and their segregating lines were evaluated after cultivation in the greenhouse and in the field for five successive generations. The enhanced expression of the ySAMdc gene resulted in increased conversion of putrescine into higher polyamines and thus to ripening-specific accumulation of spermidine and spermine. This led to an increase in lycopene, prolonged vine life, and enhanced fruit juice quality. Lycopene levels in cultivated tomatoes are generally low, and increasing them in the fruit enhances its nutrient value. Furthermore, the rates of ethylene production in the transgenic tomato fruit were consistently higher than those in the nontransgenic control fruit. These data show that polyamine and ethylene biosynthesis pathways can act simultaneously in ripening tomato fruit. Taken together, these results provide the first direct evidence for a physiological role of polyamines and demonstrate an approach to improving nutritional quality, juice quality, and vine life of tomato fruit. C1 ARS, USDA, Vegetable Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Purdue Univ, Dept Hort, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Mattoo, AK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 010A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 44 TC 158 Z9 177 U1 3 U2 28 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 20 IS 6 BP 613 EP 618 DI 10.1038/nbt0602-613 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 558NM UT WOS:000175973500029 PM 12042867 ER PT J AU Hake, S Ori, N AF Hake, S Ori, N TI Plant morphogenesis and KNOX genes SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID HOMEOBOX GENE; ARABIDOPSIS; LEAF; ARCHITECTURE; EXPRESSION; MERISTEM; MEMBER; FAMILY; SHOOT AB KNOX genes function in plant meristems, which produce leaves and stems. Three recent studies show that the dwarf phenotype, brevipedicellus, is caused by a recessive mutation in a KNOX gene. A fourth study shows that misexpression of KNOX genes leads to novel features that may have selective value. C1 USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94706 USA. Univ California, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Albany, CA USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Fac Agr, Dept Field Crops & Genet, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Hake, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94706 USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 10 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1061-4036 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 31 IS 2 BP 121 EP 122 DI 10.1038/ng0602-121 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 557HR UT WOS:000175903500002 PM 12040371 ER PT J AU Grulke, NE Preisler, HK Rose, C Kirsch, J Balduman, L AF Grulke, NE Preisler, HK Rose, C Kirsch, J Balduman, L TI O-3 uptake and drought stress effects on carbon acquisition of ponderosa pine in natural stands SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine); ozone (O-3) uptake; pollution effects; assimilation; photosynthesis; drought stress ID LOCALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION; SAN-BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; GENETIC DIVERSITY; ABSCISIC-ACID; GAS-EXCHANGE; OZONE; NEEDLES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB The effect of O-3 exposure or uptake on carbon acquisition (net assimilation (A) or gross photosynthesis (P-g)), with and without drought stress, is reported here in 40-yr-old-ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) trees. Maximum daily gas exchange was measured monthly for 12 trees at four sites differing in pollutant exposure over two growing seasons with above- and below-average annual precipitation. Gas exchange measures were estimated between sampling periods using a generalized additive regression model. Both A and P-g generally declined with cumulative O-3 exposure or uptake at all sites. As a response variable, P-g was slightly more sensitive than A to cumulative O-3 exposure. As a metric, O-3 uptake vs exposure permitted slightly better statistical resolution of seasonal response between sites. The effect of late summer drought stress was statistically significant only at the moderate pollution site, and combined synergistically with O-3 exposure or uptake to reduce P-g. The general additive model allows the user to define a deleterious level of cumulative O-3 exposure or uptake, and to quantitatively assess biological response. (C) New Phytologist (2002) 154: 621-631. C1 USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. USDA Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Grulke, NE (reprint author), USDA Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM ngrulke@deltanet.com NR 40 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 154 IS 3 BP 621 EP 631 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00403.x PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 555GP UT WOS:000175786600006 ER PT J AU Pijut, PM AF Pijut, PM TI Eastern white pine flowering in response to spray application of gibberellin A(4/7) or Procone (TM) SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE Pinus strobus; pollen cone; seed cone ID SEED CONE PRODUCTION; SPRUCE PICEA-MARIANA; JACK PINE; BLACK SPRUCE; SEXUAL EXPRESSION; STEM INJECTION; PROMOTION; INDUCTION; ORCHARDS; GLAUCA AB Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) is an important forestry species in the northeastern and midwestern United States and in eastern Canada. Induction of early and reliable flowering and cone production will shorten the breeding cycle and aid in the development of genetically improved white pine. The objective of this study was to determine if a foliar spray application of gibberellin A(4/7)(GA(4/7)) or ProCone(TM) would induce both male and female strobili on Young grafted eastern white pine selected for white pine blister rust resistance. Trees were sprayed (500 mg L-1) weekly in 1998 during the period of rapid shoot elongation (mid-May through July), for a total of 11 applications. Flowering data it-ere collected June 15, 1999. Twenty-five out of 53 genotypes produced male strobili. For all genotypes studied, the total number of male strobili clusters per tree (and the mean number +/- SE of pollen-cones per cluster) produced with GA(4/7), ProCone(TM) or untreated controls were: 643 (7.1 +/- 0.3): 574 (79 +/- 0.3); and 79(8.3 +/- 0.8), respectively. Twenty out of 53 genotypes produced female strobili. For all genotypes studied, the total number of female strobili per tree (and the mean number +/- SE of female strobili per shoot) produced with GA(4/7), ProCone(TM) or untreated controls were: 87 (1.1 +/- 0.1); 130 (1.3 +/- 0.1); and 33 (0.6 +/- 0.1), respectively. Eleven genotypes produced both male and female strobili. Control trees that flowered may have been the result of spray drift, The results indicate that a foliar spray application of GA(4/7) or ProCone(TM) at 500 mg L-1 will induce both male and female strobili, but not on all selected genotypes of eastern white pine. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Pijut, PM (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA,US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn,Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, Hardwood Tree Improvement & Regenerat Ctr, 1159 Forestry Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Pijut, Paula/N-6789-2015 NR 47 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 19 IS 2 BP 68 EP 72 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 579NC UT WOS:000177183900003 ER PT J AU Bergdahl, DR Sendak, PE Tobi, DR Bove, JR Tritton, LM AF Bergdahl, DR Sendak, PE Tobi, DR Bove, JR Tritton, LM TI Incidence of annual canker of sugar maple studied with the aid of a geographic information system SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE annual canker disease; sugar maple; incidence; Geographic Information System AB Sugar maples (Acer saccharum Marsh) greater than or equal to 2.0 in. dbh were evaluated for incidence of annual canker caused by Fusarium spp. A total of 1,880 trees were evaluated from 73 plots located on 635 ac of privately owned northern hardwood forest in north central Vermont. About 12% of the trees were dead and one-fourth of both living and dead trees had annual canker. A logistic regression model was used to assess the role of soil-site characteristics related to the incidence of annual cankering. Probability estimates from the estimated regression equation were used to generate a map of annual canker risk. The generality of the results obtained here are untested and need to be applied to a more extensive area for validation. However, the technique for forest disease risk assessment could have wide application. We found annual canker was more common on sites that maintained a high number of stems per acre, on sites that were shallow to bedrock, and on sites that were dominated by sugar maple. We believe these findings suggest that sites that have shallow soils that include sugar maple probably should not be managed to encourage sugar maple. Sugar maple probably should be managed in stands that contain ample stocking of other northern hardwood species, and cultural practices that encourage maple over other species probably should be avoided. C1 Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Bergdahl, DR (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 19 IS 2 BP 73 EP 79 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 579NC UT WOS:000177183900004 ER PT J AU Bull, EL Marx, DB AF Bull, EL Marx, DB TI Influence of fish and habitat on amphibian communities in high elevation lakes in northeastern Oregon SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POPULATION DECLINES; RANA-MUSCOSA; DIFFERENTIAL PREDATION; INTRODUCED TROUT; NONNATIVE FISH; SIERRA-NEVADA; FROG; CALIFORNIA; EGGS; DISAPPEARANCE AB Declines in lentic breeding amphibians in the western United States, particularly in relatively pristine arm, emphasize the need for information on the distribution, abundance, and ecology of these species. In 2000 and 2001, we surveyed 43 high elevation lakes in northeastern Oregon to determine the influence of introduced trout and of habitat characteristics an the reproduction of native amphibians occurring there. Long-toed salamanders and Pacific treefrogs were negatively affected by introduced trout. Habitat characteristics exerted more influence on the abundance of eggs and larvae of we-stem toads and Columbia spotted frogs than the presence of trout Our results indicate that the presence of fish may be detrimental to amphibian biodiversity in high elevation lakes. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. RP Bull, EL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1401 Gekefer Lane, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. EM ebull@fs.fed.us NR 37 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 15 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 76 IS 3 BP 240 EP 248 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 598CE UT WOS:000178256900006 ER PT J AU Dunk, JR Zielinski, WJ West, K Schmidt, K Baldwin, J Perrochet, J Schlick, K Ford, J AF Dunk, JR Zielinski, WJ West, K Schmidt, K Baldwin, J Perrochet, J Schlick, K Ford, J TI Distributions of rare mollusks relative to reserved lands in northern California SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB In 1994 the Northwest Forest Plan identified several hundred relatively rare plant and animal species as "Survey and Manage" based in part on their presumed association with late-successional/old-growth forests. Other such species were given protection from grazing. However, broad-scale surveys for few of these species existed at that time. In 1999-2000 we evaluated the relationship of nine terrestrial mollusks to U. S. Forest Service reserves in four National Forests in northern California. The nine mollusks were well distributed among reserved and non-reserved lands and showed no association with Late Successional Reserves, Congressionally Reserved, Administratively Withdrawn, or Matrix land allocations. However, the mollusks occurred more frequently than expected in Riparian Reserves when all other land allocations were combined. Our results are a step toward evaluating the protection that the Northwest Forest Plan affords these mollusks in northern California. C1 US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Dunk, JR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Redwood Sci Lab, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 76 IS 3 BP 249 EP 256 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 598CE UT WOS:000178256900007 ER PT J AU Skinner, MW AF Skinner, MW TI Nomenclatural changes in North American Lilium (Liliaceae) SO NOVON LA English DT Article DE Liliaceae; Lilium; North America AB The approaching release of tire Flora of North America Volume 26 requires the formal publication of several nomenclatural changes that will appear there. The proposed changes standardize infraspecific nomenclature in North American Lilium at the subspecies level, which is appropriate for these geographically segregated yet motpho-metrically overlapping and intergrading taxonomic units. The changes include a new rank for Lilium washingtonianum Kellogg subsp. purpurascens (Steam) M. W. Skinner, and several new combinations: L. pardalinum Kellogg subsp. pitkinense (Beane & Vollmer) M. W. Skinner, L. pardalinum Kellogg subsp. shastense (Eastwood) AI. W. Skinner, L. pardalinum Kellogg subsp. vollmeri (Eastwood) M. W. Skinner, and L. pardalinum Kellogg subsp. wigginsii (Beane & Vollmer) M. W. Skinner. Lectotypes are designated for L. pardalinum and L. washing-tonianum and for the, synonym L. parvum Kellogg var. luteum Purely, and a neotype is selected for L. washingtonianum subsp. purpurascens. C1 USDA, NRCS, Natl Plant Data Ctr, Baton Rouge, LA 70874 USA. RP Skinner, MW (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Natl Plant Data Ctr, POB 74490, Baton Rouge, LA 70874 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN PI ST LOUIS PA 2345 TOWER GROVE AVENUE, ST LOUIS, MO 63110 USA SN 1055-3177 J9 NOVON JI Novon PD SUM PY 2002 VL 12 IS 2 BP 253 EP 261 DI 10.2307/3392964 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 571YX UT WOS:000176747700017 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM Qi, L Shen, HQ AF Ordovas, JM Qi, L Shen, HQ TI Is IL12B a potential genetic target for the prevention of type 1 diabetes through dietary intervention? SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE type 1 diabetes mellitus; IL12B gene; genetic predisposition ID CALORIE RESTRICTION; INTERLEUKIN-12; MICE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EXPRESSION; CYTOKINES; MELLITUS; OMEGA-3; TWINS; CELLS AB Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) results from decreased insulin production. Its clinical expression is the result of an array of genetic and environmental factors. The IL12B gene could be one of the loci implicated in the genetic susceptibility of T1D. Thus, this genetic predisposition could be modulated by dietary factors. However, there is no consistency among populations in relation to relevance of this locus as a candidate gene for T1D. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 NR 26 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 60 IS 6 BP 182 EP 186 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 561HY UT WOS:000176135300005 PM 12078918 ER PT J AU McDowell, N Barnard, H Bond, BJ Hinckley, T Hubbard, RM Ishii, H Kostner, B Magnani, F Marshall, JD Meinzer, FC Phillips, N Ryan, MG Whitehead, D AF McDowell, N Barnard, H Bond, BJ Hinckley, T Hubbard, RM Ishii, H Kostner, B Magnani, F Marshall, JD Meinzer, FC Phillips, N Ryan, MG Whitehead, D TI The relationship between tree height and leaf area: sapwood area ratio SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE hydraulic architecture; hydraulic limitation; leaf area : sapwood area; old trees ID PINUS-SYLVESTRIS L; SCOTS PINE; LODGEPOLE PINE; DOUGLAS-FIR; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTANCE; BASAL AREA; STANDS; TRANSPIRATION; BIOMASS; FOREST AB The leaf area to sapwood area ratio (A(1):A(s)) of trees has been hypothesized to decrease as trees become older and taller. Theory suggests that A(1):A(s) must decrease to maintain leaf-specific hydraulic sufficiency as path length, gravity, and tortuosity constrain whole-plant hydraulic conductance. We tested the hypothesis that A(1):A(s) declines with tree height. Whole-tree A(1):A(s) was measured on 15 individuals of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) ranging in height from 13 to 62 m (aged 20-450 years). A(1):A(s) declined substantially as height increased (P=0.02). Our test of the hypothesis that A(1):A(s) declines with tree height was extended using a combination of original and published data on nine species across a range of maximum heights and climates. Meta-analysis of 13 whole-tree studies revealed a consistent and significant reduction in A(1):A(s) with increasing height (P<0.05). However, two species (Picea abies and Abies balsamea) exhibited an increase in A(1):A(s) with height, although the reason for this is not clear. The slope of the relationship between A(1):A(s) and tree height (&UDelta;A(1):A(s)/&UDelta;h) was unrelated to mean annual precipitation. Maximum potential height was positively correlated with &UDelta;(A)1:A(s)/&UDelta;h. The decrease in A(1):A(s) with increasing tree size that we observed in the majority of species may be a homeostatic mechanism that partially compensates for decreased hydraulic conductance as trees grow in height. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. TU Dresden, IHM Meteorol, D-01737 Tharandt, Germany. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. CNR, IMGPF, I-50134 Florence, Italy. Landcare Res, Lincoln 8152, New Zealand. RP McDowell, N (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Hinckley, Thomas/F-9249-2010; Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; Hubbard, Robert/J-6059-2012; Magnani, Federico/A-2448-2011 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Hinckley, Thomas/0000-0002-2821-6044; Magnani, Federico/0000-0003-4479-0916 NR 56 TC 172 Z9 186 U1 5 U2 69 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD JUN PY 2002 VL 132 IS 1 BP 12 EP 20 DI 10.1007/s00442-002-0904-x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 572JR UT WOS:000176771300002 ER PT J AU Futagawa, M Wedge, DE Dayan, FE AF Futagawa, M Wedge, DE Dayan, FE TI Physiological factors influencing the antifungal activity of zopfiellin SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fungicide; mode of action; natural products; pH effect; Zopfiellin; Zopfiella curvata ID PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYKINASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GROWTH; YEAST; GENE AB Zopfiellin, a novel cyclooctanoid natural product isolated from Zopfiella curvata No. 37-3, was evaluated for antifungal activity and its mechanism of action was investigated. Fungal growth inhibition caused by zopfiellin was mediated by the pH of the growth medium. Maximum inhibitory activity was obtained between pH 5 and 5.5. Intramolecular ring closure of zopfiellin from a tetracarboxylate to an anhydride form occurring at pH below 6 is apparently required for uptake by the fungus. Biological activity of zopfiellin could be reversed by exogenous addition of oxaloacetate under both glycolytic and gluconeogenic growth conditions. The in vitro activity of zopfiellin was tested on the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, a regulatory enzyme in the gluconeogenesis pathway catalyzing the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate. The mechanism of antifungal activity of zopfiellin appears to be associated with physiological processes involving oxaloacetate metabolism. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Nissan Chem Ind Co Ltd, Biol Res Labs, Minami Saitama, Saitama 3490294, Japan. ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), Nissan Chem Ind Co Ltd, Biol Res Labs, 1470 Shiraoka, Minami Saitama, Saitama 3490294, Japan. RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009 OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 73 IS 2 BP 87 EP 93 AR PII S0048-3575(02)00023-8 DI 10.1016/S0048-3575(02)00023-8 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 598RC UT WOS:000178289500003 ER PT J AU Chen, J Ma, J Stampfer, MJ Palomeque, C Selhub, J Hunter, DJ AF Chen, J Ma, J Stampfer, MJ Palomeque, C Selhub, J Hunter, DJ TI Linkage disequilibrium between the 677C > T and 1298A > C polymorphisms in human methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and their contributions to risk of colorectal cancer SO PHARMACOGENETICS LA English DT Article DE MTHFR; colorectal cancer; folate; homocysteine ID COMMON MUTATION; HOMOCYSTEINE; MTHFR AB A common polymorphism in a folate-metabolizing gene, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T has been associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer. In this study, we investigated whether a second common polymorphism of the gene, MTHFR 1298A>C, is an independent risk factor for colorectal cancer and if it is associated with plasma folate and total homocysteine (tHcy) levels. We also examined whether the 677C>T and 1298A>C polymorphisms are in linkage disequilibrium and whether combined heterozygosity confers additional (or reduced) risk of colorectal cancer. We conducted a nested case-control study of 211 incident colorectal cancer cases and 343 controls in the prospective Physicians' Health Study. The MTHFR 677C>T and 1298A>C polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium in this population. Compared to MTHFR 1298AA genotype, multivariate-adjusted relative risk of colorectal cancer was 0.73 (95% Cl 0.37-1.43) for the MTHFR 1298CC genotype. The slight reduction in risk was not a result of its linkage disequilibrium with the 677C>T polymorphism. This polymorphism was not significantly correlated with the plasma folate and tHcy levels. The combined heterozygosity did not modify the cancer risk; nor did it change the plasma folate and tHcy significantly. We conclude that the MTHFR 1298A>C polymorphism is a less substantial independent risk factor for colorectal cancer compared to the 677C>T polymorphism. C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, Box 1043,1 Gustave L Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 81750, CA 87969, CA 42182] NR 10 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0960-314X J9 PHARMACOGENETICS JI Pharmacogenetics PD JUN PY 2002 VL 12 IS 4 BP 339 EP 342 DI 10.1097/00008571-200206000-00011 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 561GL UT WOS:000176131800011 PM 12042673 ER PT J AU Stange, RR Alessandro, R MCCollum, TG Mayer, RT AF Stange, RR Alessandro, R MCCollum, TG Mayer, RT TI Studies on the phloroglucinol-HC1 reactive material produced by squash fruit elicited with pectinase: Isolation using hydrolytic enzymes and release of p-coumaryl aldehyde by water reflux SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cucurbita maxima Duchesne; plant defense mechanisms; induced lignin; lignin-like; wound gum; phytoalexins ID LIGNIN-LIKE MATERIAL; DISEASE RESISTANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; CUCUMBER; LIGNIFICATION; PHYTOALEXINS; ASSOCIATION; MECHANISM; MUTANT AB Pathological tissues from a variety of plants turn red when treated with the histochemical reagent phloroglucinol (PG)-HCl. This induced PG-HCl reacting material has been termed both wound gum and, more recently, induced lignin or lignin-like material. We are exploring alternative approaches to better identify this induced material. In this report, we describe methods for purifying the PG-HCl reactive material from solvent-washed tissue preparations and measuring the amount of p-coumaryl aldehyde released from the purified material by boiling in water. Acorn squash fruit wall tissue was sliced, sprayed with pectinase to elicit the formation of PG-HCl reactive material and incubated up to 72 h at 27degreesC. Sampled tissue was washed extensively with water and organic solvents. Insoluble residues were treated with cell wall degrading enzymes to remove cell wall materials, and dimethyl sulfoxide was used to dissolve starch. Yields of residual material increased from 7.5% in the time zero samples to 29.7% after 72 h. Refluxing the purified material in water released <6 mug p-coumaryl aldehyde g(-1) from preparations of tissue at time zero and 8100 mug p-coumaryl aldehyde g(-1) from samples incubated for 48 h. These results suggest that the function of the material is to sequester phytoalexins, but are not consistent with the material being lignin. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP Stange, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 43 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 60 IS 6 BP 283 EP 291 DI 10.1006/pmmp.2002.0406 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 599MP UT WOS:000178339100003 ER PT J AU Sirvent, T Gibson, D AF Sirvent, T Gibson, D TI Induction of hypericins and hyperforin in Hypericum perforatum L. in response to biotic and chemical elicitors SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hypericum perforatum; St. John's wort; Collelotrichum gloeosporioides; hypericins; hyperforin; plant defense; elicitor ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PLANT DEFENSE; RESISTANCE; PHYTOALEXINS; INHIBITION; ATTACK AB Hypericum perforatum L. produces hyperforins, a family of antimicrobial acylphloroglucinols; and hypericins, a family of phototoxic anthraquinones exhibiting anti-microbial, anti-viral, and anti-herbivore properties in vitro. To determine whether these secondary metabolites are part of the specific plant defense systems that are mediated by methyl jasmonate or salicylic acid, we used meristem cultures to assess the effects of exposure to exogenous application of these chemical elicitors. Levels of hypericins in plant tissue increased in response to both elicitor treatments; total hypericin levels increased as much as 3.3 times control levels when treated with 200 muM methyl jasmonate for 14 days. Increased hyperforin concentrations were detected when plantlets were treated with 1 mM salicylic acid or 50 muM methyl jasmonate. For assessing responses to a biotic elicitor, greenhouse-grown plant materials were inoculated with the plant pathogen, Collelotrichum gloeosporioides. Levels of hypericins increased twice as much as the control when inoculated with 1 x 10(4) spores per ml; higher doses of spores overwhelmed the plant defenses. The elevation of hypericins and hyperforin in response to chemical and biotic elicitors suggests that these secondary metabolites are components in the inducible plant defense responses of H. perforatum. (C) Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14583 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Gibson, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14583 USA. NR 45 TC 58 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0885-5765 J9 PHYSIOL MOL PLANT P JI Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 60 IS 6 BP 311 EP 320 DI 10.1006/pmmp.2002.0410 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 599MP UT WOS:000178339100005 ER PT J AU Meazza, G Scheffler, BE Tellez, MR Rimando, AM Romagni, JG Duke, SO Nanayakkara, D Khan, IA Abourashed, EA Dayan, FE AF Meazza, G Scheffler, BE Tellez, MR Rimando, AM Romagni, JG Duke, SO Nanayakkara, D Khan, IA Abourashed, EA Dayan, FE TI The inhibitory activity of natural products on plant p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE herbicide; HPPD; mode of action; natural products; phytotoxins; structure-activity relationships; benzoquinone; naphthoquinone; triketone ID 4-HYDROXYPHENYLPYRUVATE DIOXYGENASE; POTENT INHIBITOR; ISOXAFLUTOLE; DIKETONITRILE; MODE AB The inhibitory activity of 34 natural products of various structural classes on hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), the target site for triketone herbicides, and the mode of interaction of selected natural products were investigated. Recombinant HPPD from arabidopsis is sensitive to several classes of natural compounds including, in decreasing order of sensitivity, triketones, benzoquinones, naphthoquinones and anthraquinones. The triketone natural products acted as competitive tight-binding inhibitors, whereas the benzoquinones and naphthoquinones did not appear to bind tightly to HPPD. While these natural products may not have optimal structural features required for in vivo herbicidal activity, the differences in their kinetic behavior suggest that novel classes of HPPD inhibitors may be developed based on their structural backbones. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Dev Nat Prod, University, MS 38677 USA. Isagro Ric Srl, I-28100 Novara, Italy. RP Dayan, FE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Dayan, Franck/A-7592-2009; OI Dayan, Franck/0000-0001-6964-2499; Scheffler, Brian/0000-0003-1968-8952 NR 21 TC 86 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD JUN PY 2002 VL 60 IS 3 BP 281 EP 288 AR PII S0031-9422(02)00121-8 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00121-8 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 564NB UT WOS:000176319500009 PM 12031447 ER PT J AU Parkin, TB Kaspar, TC Cambardella, C AF Parkin, TB Kaspar, TC Cambardella, C TI Oat plant effects on net nitrogen mineralization SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE cover crops; denitrification; N balance; oat plants ID SOIL; DECOMPOSITION; RYEGRASS; GROWTH; BARLEY AB Living plants have been reported to stimulate, inhibit, or have no effect on net nitrogen mineralization in soil. A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of living oat plants Avena sativa on net N mineralization. Oat plants were grown in plastic cylinders containing soil, and net N mineralization was assessed by determining the N balance in these microcosms. Measured N inputs included N contained in the oat seeds and N-2 fixation. N losses by NH3 volatilization and denitrification were also measured. We observed that in some soils net N mineralization was stimulated by as much as 81%, but in other soils there was no effect of living oat plants on net N mineralization. N mineralization responses are related to past cropping histories of the soils. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Parkin, TB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUN PY 2002 VL 243 IS 2 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1023/A:1019949727575 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 588AN UT WOS:000177677400006 ER PT J AU Montealegre, CM van Kessel, C Russelle, MP Sadowsky, MJ AF Montealegre, CM van Kessel, C Russelle, MP Sadowsky, MJ TI Changes in microbial activity and composition in a pasture ecosystem exposed to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE bulk soil; elevated atmospheric CO2; microbial activity; microbial communities; phospholipid fatty acids; rhizosphere soil ID CO2 ENRICHMENT; LOLIUM-PERENNE; SOIL MICROBIOTA; C ALLOCATION; RHIZOSPHERE; RESPONSES; PLANT; COMMUNITIES; GRASSLAND; SHIFTS AB Elevated atmospheric CO2 increases aboveground plant growth and productivity. However, carbon dioxide-induced alterations in plant growth are also likely to affect belowground processes, including the composition of soil biota. We investigated the influence of increased atmospheric CO(2)on bacterial numbers and activity, and on soil microbial community composition in a pasture ecosystem under Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE). Composition of the soil microbial communities, in rhizosphere and bulk soil, under two atmospheric CO2 levels was evaluated by using phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA), and total and respiring bacteria counts were determined by epifluorescence microscopy. While populations increased with elevated atmospheric CO2 in bulk soil of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), a higher atmospheric CO2 concentration did not affect total or metabolically active bacteria in bulk soil of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). There was no effect of atmospheric CO2 on total bacteria populations per gram of rhizosphere soil. The combined effect of elevated CO2 on total root length of each species and the bacterial population in these rhizospheres, however, resulted in an 85% increase in total rhizosphere bacteria and a 170% increase in respiring rhizosphere bacteria for the two plant species, when assessed on a per unit land area basis. Differences in microbial community composition between rhizosphere and bulk soil were evident in samples from white clover, and these communities changed in response to CO2 enrichment. Results of this study indicate that changes in soil microbial activity, numbers, and community composition are likely to occur under elevated atmospheric CO2, but the extent of those changes depend on plant species and the distance that microbes are from the immediate vicinity of the plant root surface. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Inst Biotechnol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agron & Range Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr Minnesota Cluster, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Sadowsky, MJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016 OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 NR 58 TC 58 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 29 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD JUN PY 2002 VL 243 IS 2 BP 197 EP 207 DI 10.1023/A:1019901828483 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 588AN UT WOS:000177677400007 ER PT J AU McVey, DV Long, DL Roberts, JJ AF McVey, DV Long, DL Roberts, JJ TI Races of Puccinia graminis in the United States during 1997 and 1998 SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE oat stem rust; rust races; wheat stem rust ID STEM RUST AB Wheat stem rust caused negligible yield losses in 1997 and 1998. Overwintering sites were found in central and east-central Louisiana in 1997, and in northwestern Florida, northeastern Louisiana, and central Texas in 1998. Race Pgt-TPMK predominated in 1997 with 69% of 100 isolates with race RCRS next at 11%. In 1998, race RCRS predominated with 55% of 132 isolates, and TPMK occurred at 10%. Race QFCS occurred at 8% in 1997 and 31% in 1998. Races QCCS and QTHJ were found in 1997, and races QFBS, RKMQ, RKQQ, and RCMS were found in 1998. Race QCCJ, virulent to barley with the Rpg1 gene for stem rust resistance, was not found from wheat in 1997 or 1998. No virulence was found to wheat lines with Sr 13, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 37, Gt, or Wld-1. Oat stem rust was found earlier in 1997 than 1998, but was more widespread in 1998. Race NA27, virulent to Pg-1, -2, -3, -4, and -8, was the predominant race in the United States in 1997 (79% of 116 isolates) and again in 1998 (79% of 116 isolates). NA16, virulent to Pg-1, -3, and -8, was found in the south (1997 and 1998), and NA5, virulent to Pg-2 and -15, and NA10, virulent to Pg-2, -3, and -15, were found in the west (1997). C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP McVey, DV (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 86 IS 6 BP 568 EP 572 AR UNSP D-2002-0415-01S DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.6.568 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 554XJ UT WOS:000175762200002 ER PT J AU Groves, RL Walgenbach, JF Moyer, JW Kennedy, GG AF Groves, RL Walgenbach, JF Moyer, JW Kennedy, GG TI The role of weed hosts and tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca, in the epidemiology of Tomato spotted wilt virus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Frankliniella occidentalis; Thrips tabaci ID FLUE-CURED TOBACCO; NORTH-CAROLINA; THYSANOPTERA; GEORGIA; DISEASE; WINTER; TRANSMISSION; MANAGEMENT; LOUISIANA; ABUNDANCE AB Wild plant species were systematically sampled to characterize reproduction of thrips, the vector of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and natural sources TSWV infection. Thrips populations were monitored on 28 common perennial, biennial, and annual plant species over two noncrop seasons at six field locations across North Carolina. Sonchus asper, Stellaria media, and Thraxacum officianale consistently supported the largest populations of immature TSWV vector species. The tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca, was the most abundant TSWV vector species collected, comprising over 95% of vector species in each survey season. Perennial plant species (i.e., Plantago rugelii and Taraxacum officianale) were often only locally abundant, and many annual species (Cerastium vulgatum, Sonchus asper, and Stellaria media) were more widely distributed. Perennial species, including P. rugelii and Rumex crispus, remained TSWV infected for 2 years in a small-plot field test. Where these perennial species are locally abundant, they may serve as important and long-lasting TSWV inoculum. sources. In random surveys across 12 locations in North Carolina, TSWV infection was documented by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 35 of 72 (49%) common perennial (N = 10), biennial (N = 4), and annual (N = 21) plant species across 18 plant families. Estimated rates of TSWV infection were highest in Cerastium vulgatum (4.2%), Lactuca scariola (1.3%), Molluga verticillata (4.3%), Plantago rugelii (3.4%), Ranunculus sardous (3.6%), Sonchus asper (5.1%), Stellaria media (1.4%), and Taraxacum officianale (5.8%). Nine plant species were determined to be new host recordings for TSWV infection, including Cardamine hirsuta, Eupatorium capillifolium, Geranium carolinianum, Gnaphalium purpureum, Linaria canadense, Molluga verticillata, Pyrrhopappus carolinianus, Raphanus raphanistrum, and Triodanis perfoliata. Our findings document the relative potential of a number of common annual, biennial, and perennial plant species to act as important reproductive sites for F fusca and as acquisition sources of TSWV for spread to susceptible crops. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Groves, RL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Protect Res Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 37 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 86 IS 6 BP 573 EP 582 AR UNSP D-2002-0326-02R DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.6.573 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 554XJ UT WOS:000175762200003 ER PT J AU Leonard, KJ AF Leonard, KJ TI Oat lines with effective adult plant resistance to crown rust SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE partial resistance ID F-SP AVENAE; CORONATA AB Race-specific resistance in oat does not provide adequate protection against crown rust because new virulent races of the pathogen often arise within a few years after cultivars with race-specific resistance are released. This study assessed levels of partial resistance in a series of experimental oat lines that showed reduced crown rust severity over 30 years of exposure to a diverse crown rust population. Oat breeding lines with putative adult plant slow-rusting resistance to Puccinia coronata were evaluated in small isolated field plots for crown rust severity in natural epidemics and in controlled inoculations in the greenhouse for infection efficiency with a single virulent P. coronata isolate. Lines were also tested as seedlings against isolates from a local P. coronata population to detect race-specific resistance. In field tests, areas under the disease progress curves for all 14 experimental lines tested were significantly less than for cv. Starter, the susceptible check, and values for nine of the lines were significantly less than for Portage, a standard slow-rusting cultivar. Four lines with good field resistance were susceptible as seedlings to >85% of the local P. coronata population. One of the lines, MN841801, remained relatively free of rust in field plots over 7 years of tests, even in the 3 years when Starter was destroyed by crown rust. In greenhouse inoculations, adult plants of MN841801 developed only 7% as many uredinia as Starter. MN841801 can be an excellent source of effective, durable adult plant resistance to crown rust. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Leonard, KJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 86 IS 6 BP 593 EP 598 AR UNSP D-2002-0322-01R DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.6.593 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 554XJ UT WOS:000175762200006 ER PT J AU Pusey, PL AF Pusey, PL TI Biological control agents for fire blight of apple compared under conditions limiting natural dispersal SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID ERWINIA-AMYLOVORA; PEAR BLOSSOMS; PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; ANTAGONISTIC BACTERIA; HONEY-BEES; OXYTETRACYCLINE; STREPTOMYCIN; COLONIZATION; ANTIBIOTICS; PATHOGEN AB The efficacy of Pantoea agglomerans strain E325 for control of fire blight of apple was determined in comparative field trials involving other bacterial antagonists. Concurrently, the importance of the natural dispersal of bacteria as a complicating factor was assessed. Tests were performed under two sets of conditions, those that allowed for the dispersal of bacteria via honeybee activity and those that minimized it through the use of translucent polyethylene enclosures around single trees. The enclosures also raised daytime temperatures and allowed for controlled wetting, two factors important to the development of blossom blight. Single-antagonist treatments with strain E325, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506, and R agglomerans strain C9-1 were applied to open blossoms on each of 10 enclosed trees and 10 nonenclosed trees. During bloom, suspensions of antagonists (10(8) CFU/ml) were applied twice with a brush, and a suspension of Erwinia amylovora (10(7) CFU/ml) was subsequently applied once using the same method. Two days after inoculation with the pathogen, trees were misted to simulate precipitation. Flower-to-flower spread of antagonistic bacteria was less frequent on trees surrounded by plastic enclosures than on nonenclosed trees. The range and statistical separation of means for population size of E. amylovora and disease incidence among treatments were greater for enclosed trees than for nonenclosed trees. Based on these results, the natural spread of antagonists being compared may mask differences in their efficacy as biocontrol agents. Such distortions and resulting misinterpretations could be lessened by separating treatments widely in large orchard blocks and by monitoring microbial populations. Strain E325 from fresh or lyophilized cultures was consistently more effective than standard antagonists in suppressing E. amylovora and reducing disease incidence, To fully assess its potential use for fire blight, larger-scale trials under various conditions will be necessary. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Pusey, PL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 30 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 86 IS 6 BP 639 EP 644 AR UNSP D-2002-0325-04R DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.6.639 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 554XJ UT WOS:000175762200015 ER PT J AU Pinkerton, JN Ivors, KL Reeser, PW Bristow, PR Windom, GE AF Pinkerton, JN Ivors, KL Reeser, PW Bristow, PR Windom, GE TI The use of soil solarization for the management of soilborne plant pathogens in strawberry and red raspberry production SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE black root rot; disease management; Fragariae; mefenoxam; methyl bromide alternatives; red stele; Ridomil Gold; Rubus idae ID CONTROLLING VERTICILLIUM WILT; PHYTOPHTHORA ROOT-ROT; F-SP VASINFECTUM; TRICHODERMA-HARZIANUM; ROSELLINIA-NECATRIX; CINNAMOMI; FUSARIUM; SURVIVAL; TEMPERATURE; POPULATIONS AB Root rot caused by Phytophthora fragariae var. fragariae and R fragariae var. rubi are major concerns in strawberry and raspberry production in the Pacific Northwest. Of lesser importance is black root rot of strawberry, caused by a complex of fungi and nematodes. Soil solarization was evaluated in 1997 in a strawberry planting and in 1998 in a raspberry planting for: (i) enhancing plant health and growth, and (ii) reducing population densities of root-destroying pathogens. Plots were solarized from mid-July to mid-September. Maximum and mean soil temperatures in solarized plots recorded at 10 cm depth were 48 and 33degreesC in the strawberry plots and 46 and 29degreesC in the raspberry plots. These temperatures were 7 to 17degreesC higher than temperatures recorded in nonsolarized plots. Soil collected after solarization was assayed by growing bait plants, cv. Totem strawberry or cv. Qualicum raspberry, at 15degreesC for 6 weeks in saturated soil to promote infections. Root health and plant growth were evaluated after 6 weeks. Solarization significantly reduced (P < 0.05) root necrosis and increased root weight of bait plants compared to plants grown in soil from nonsolarized plots. Infection of strawberry roots by P. fragariae, Pythium, Rhizoctonia, and Cylindrocarpon spp. was reduced (P < 0.05) by solarization in sampled soil. Disease was reduced in cv. Hood strawberries and Qualicum and Skeena red raspberries planted in solarized field plots. In the second growing season, total number and number of healthy primocanes of Qualicum plants were greater (P < 0.05) in solarized plots compared to nonsolarized plots. Solarization combined with applications of mefenoxam was no more effective in controlling diseases than solarization alone, but better than mefenoxam, alone. Skeena plants responded similarly, but the differences were not significant. Red raspberry plants growing in solarized soil yielded more fruit than plants growing in nonsolarized soil in the third year after solarization. Solarization has potential as a component in an integrated pest management program of root diseases in raspberry and strawberry production, particularly within the first 2 years following planting. C1 USDA ARS, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. RP Pinkerton, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, HCRL, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. EM pinkertj@bcc.orst.edu NR 50 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 86 IS 6 BP 645 EP 651 AR UNSP D-2002-0325-02R DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.6.645 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 554XJ UT WOS:000175762200016 ER PT J AU Mazzola, M Andrews, PK Reganold, JP Levesque, CA AF Mazzola, M Andrews, PK Reganold, JP Levesque, CA TI Frequency, virulence, and metalaxyl sensitivity of Pythium spp. isolated from apple roots under conventional and organic production systems SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE biological control; rhizosphere ID PREEMERGENCE DAMPING-OFF; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; REPLANT DISEASE; PHYTOPHTHORA-PARASITICA; CAUSAL ROLE; CROWN ROT; RHIZOCTONIA; OLIGANDRUM; SUPPRESSIVENESS; PATHOGENICITY AB Studies were conducted to characterize the community of Pythium spp. associated with apple in Washington state. Seventeen different species were identified among the isolates of Pythium recovered from apple roots at six orchard sites. Commonly isolated species included P. intermedium, P. irregulare, P. heterothallicum, P. sylvaticum, and Pythium MM1 (aff. macrosporum), a previously undescribed species, The population of Pythium spp. at any given site typically was dominated by a single pathogenic species. Species composition of Pythium populations in adjacent conventional and organic blocks in two orchards did not differ; however, the relative recovery of Pythium spp. from apple roots was consistently lower in the organically managed systems. In greenhouse studies, the associations formed between apple seedlings and Pythium spp. ranged from pathogenic to growth-promoting. Precolonization of apple seedling roots with any one of three nonpathogenic isolates tested-isolate 584 of Pythium MM1, isolate 1-12 of Pythium MM3 (aff. oedochilum), and isolate 1-19 of Pythium MM5 (aff. vexans)-was found to provide biological control of root rot caused by P. sylvaticum and P. ultikmum. Metalaxyl sensitivity varied among species of Pythium, with several nonpathogenic species exhibiting the highest levels of insensitivity to this fungicide. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Mazzola, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 33 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 86 IS 6 BP 669 EP 675 AR UNSP D-2002-0409-01R DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.6.669 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 554XJ UT WOS:000175762200020 ER PT J AU Nelson, JA Barnes, PW Archer, S AF Nelson, JA Barnes, PW Archer, S TI Leaf demography and growth responses to altered resource availability in woody plants of contrasting leaf habit in a subtropical savanna SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE functional groups; leaf longevity; leaf habit; resource partitioning; soil moisture ID FUNCTIONAL TYPES; EVERGREEN SHRUB; USE EFFICIENCY; LIFE SPANS; LONGEVITY; DYNAMICS; TREE; PARKLAND; FOREST; WATER AB Leaf demography and growth of six common, co-occurring woody plant species that varied in stature (tree vs. shrub) and leaf texture (sclerophyllous, coriaceous, malacophyllous) were examined in a subtropical savanna parkland in southern Texas, USA. We tested the hypotheses that, (a) leaves of plants with evergreen canopies would have longer life spans than those of deciduous species; (b) supplementation of soil moisture would decrease leaf life span in both evergreen and deciduous species; (c) species responses to increased soil moisture availability would be inversely related to leaf longevity; and (d) deciduous growth forms would exhibit a greater growth response to increased soil moisture availability than their evergreen counterparts. A variety of seasonal leaf habits (evergreen, winter-deciduous and summer-deciduous canopies) and leaf life spans (median = 66 to 283 days) were represented by the targeted species, but there was no clear relationship between seasonal leaf habit and leaf longevity. Among species with evergreen canopies, median leaf longevity ranged from short (Zanthoxylum fagara = 116 days; Condalia hookeri = 158 days) to long (Berberis trifoliolata = 283 days) but did not exceed 1 yr. In fact, leaf longevity in evergreen shrubs was often comparable to, or shorter than, that of species with deciduous canopies (Ziziphus obtusifolia = 66 days; Diospyros texana = 119 days; Prosopis glandulosa = 207 days). Augmentation of surface soil moisture had no detectable effect on median leaf life span in any species and there was no clear relationship between leaf longevity and species growth responses to irrigation. Contrary to expectations, species with evergreen canopies responded to irrigation by producing more leaf biomass, longer shoots and more leaf cohorts/year than did deciduous species. Species differences in the annual cycle of leaf initiation, leaf longevity and canopy development, combined with contrasts in root distributions and a highly variable climate, may allow for spatial and temporal partitioning of resources and hence, woody species coexistence and diversity in this system. However, the lack of expected relationships between leaf longevity, leaf habit and plant responses to resource enhancement suggests that structure-function relationships and functional groupings developed in strongly seasonal environments cannot be applied with confidence to these subtropical savannas and thorn woodlands. C1 SW Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Nelson, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crops Res Lab, 1701 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 59 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 160 IS 2 BP 193 EP 205 DI 10.1023/A:1015828604444 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 562YJ UT WOS:000176226300006 ER PT J AU Bartley, GE Ishida, BK AF Bartley, GE Ishida, BK TI Digital fruit ripening: Data mining in the TIGR tomato gene index SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE BLAST; carotenoid biosynthesis; EST database; developmental gene regulation; fruit ripening; tomato; transcription factor ID POLYCOMB-GROUP GENE; CAROTENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; ZINC-FINGER; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ZETA-CAROTENE; HOMEOBOX GENE; EXPRESSION AB Many sequences of genes now are contained in databases available to the public. These databases will be the foundation and starting points of research in the future. Extracting information from these databases is useful to all forms of genetic, biochemical, and molecular biological research. We are interested in improving the nutrition of the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) through an understanding of the fundamentals of the molecular biological and biochemical processes that occur during tomato fruit development. The TIGR Tomato Gene Index has been of much use to our laboratory in determining new areas of molecular analysis for this research. We have examined this database for genes involved in ripening by using the nucleic acid and protein sequence searching software, BLAST, and by comparing gene expression information contained within the database. In this article, we report a number of previously unobserved genes that possibly are involved in tomato fruit development. Transcripts for MADS Box genes, zinc-finger genes, homeobox genes, and polycomb genes are among the transcripts that reveal upregulation during tomato fruit ripening. We believe that the information contained in this article will be valuable in considering approaches to analyzing the developmental processes involved in tomato fruit ripening. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Bartley, GE (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM geb@pw.usda.gov NR 53 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP 115 EP 130 DI 10.1007/BF02799427 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 579WV UT WOS:000177202200002 ER PT J AU Cooke, LR Carlisle, DJ Wilson, DG Deahl, KL AF Cooke, LR Carlisle, DJ Wilson, DG Deahl, KL TI Natural occurrence of Phytophthora infestans on woody nightshade (Solanum dulcamara) in Ireland SO PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Dept Agr & Rural Dev, Appl Plant Sci Div, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. Queens Univ Belfast, Fac Sci & Agr, Dept Appl Plant Sci, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. ARS, Vegetable Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cooke, LR (reprint author), Dept Agr & Rural Dev, Appl Plant Sci Div, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. NR 4 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-0862 J9 PLANT PATHOL JI Plant Pathol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 51 IS 3 BP 392 EP 392 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3059.2002.00705.x PG 1 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 556RA UT WOS:000175861700026 ER PT J AU Baker, CJ O'Neill, NR Deahl, K Lydon, J AF Baker, CJ O'Neill, NR Deahl, K Lydon, J TI Continuous production of extracellular antioxidants in suspension cells attenuates the oxidative burst detected in plant microbe interactions SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; cell wall; hydrogen peroxide; phenolics; potato; suspension-cells; tobacco ID ASCORBIC-ACID; METABOLISM; APOPLAST; DEFENSE; LEAVES; OZONE; WALLS; L. AB Suspension cells of Solanacearum tuberosum and Nicotiana tabacum placed in fresh buffer rapidly produce and maintain significant pools of extracellular antioxidants. The extracellular antioxidant was detected by first adding a known amount of exogenous H2O2 to samples and then immediately measuring the remaining H2O2. The difference between the amount added and amount remaining was used to determine the antioxidant capacity of the sample. This extracellular antioxidant pool attenuates levels of hydrogen peroxide produced during plant-bacteria] interactions. When tobacco cells were inoculated with an isolate Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae that causes a hypersensitive response much of the antioxidant capacity had been expended neutralizing the oxidative burst characteristic of such plant-microbe interactions. After a brief delay, the levels of extracellular phenolics increased commensurate to antioxidative capacity in freshly transferred cells within 2-4 h. The strong UV absorbance of these extracellular phenolics within 250 and 350 nm was used to follow oxidation upon reaction with H2O2. This extracellular antioxidant pool is an important consideration in cell suspension studies of the plant-microbe oxidative burst. This study demonstrates that the true magnitude and timing of the oxidative burst in cell suspensions is masked by extracellular antioxidants. (C) 2002 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Baker, CJ (reprint author), USDA, Inst Plant Sci, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0981-9428 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH JI Plant Physiol. Biochem. PD JUN-AUG PY 2002 VL 40 IS 6-8 BP 641 EP 644 AR PII S0981-9428(02)01413-4 PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 598EE UT WOS:000178261800024 ER PT J AU Li, L Steffens, JC AF Li, L Steffens, JC TI Overexpression of polyphenol oxidase in transgenic tomato plants results in enhanced bacterial disease resistance SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE disease resistance; polyphenol oxidase; Pseudomonas; Solanum (polyphenol oxidase); transgenic tomato ID GENE FAMILY; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; SIGNALING PATHWAY; CHLOROGENIC ACID; MODEL SOLUTIONS; CELL-DEATH; OXIDATION; POTATO; NO; 4-METHYLCATECHOL AB Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs; EC 1.10.3.2 or EC 1.14.18.1) catalyzing the oxygen-dependent oxidation of phenols to quinones are ubiquitous among angiosperms and assumed to be involved in plant defense against pests and pathogens. In order to investigate the role of PPO in plant disease resistance, we made transgenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Money Maker) plants that overexpressed a potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) PPO cDNA under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. The transgenic plants expressed up to 30-fold increases in PPO transcripts and 5- to 10-fold increases in PPO activity and immunodetectable PPO. As expected, these PPO-overexpressing transgenic plants oxidized the endogenous phenolic substrate pool at a higher rate than control plants. Three independent transgenic lines were selected to assess their interaction with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas. syringae pv. tomato. The PPO-overexpressing tomato plants exhibited a great increase in resistance to P. syringae. Compared with control plants, these transgenic lines showed less severity of disease symptoms, with over 15-fold fewer lesions, and strong inhibition of bacterial growth, with over 100-fold reduction of bacterial population in the infected leaves. These results demonstrate the importance of PPO-mediated phenolic oxidation in restricting plant disease development. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding & Biometry, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ll37@cornell.edu NR 44 TC 214 Z9 246 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD JUN PY 2002 VL 215 IS 2 BP 239 EP 247 DI 10.1007/s00425-002-0750-4 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 572MM UT WOS:000176778800010 PM 12029473 ER PT J AU Weinzweig, J Panter, KE Spangenberger, A Harper, JS McRae, R Edstrom, LE AF Weinzweig, J Panter, KE Spangenberger, A Harper, JS McRae, R Edstrom, LE TI The fetal cleft palate: III. Ultrastructural and functional analysis of palatal development following in utero repair of the congenital model SO PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 69th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Plastic-and-Reconstructive-Surgeons CY OCT 14-18, 2000 CL LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Soc Plast & Reconstruct Surgeons ID INTRAUTERINE MYELOMENINGOCELE REPAIR; HINDBRAIN HERNIATION; PLASTIC-SURGERY; LIP; FETUS; MANAGEMENT; DIAGNOSIS AB The role of fetal surgery in the management of congenital anomalies and intrauterine abnormalities is appropriately restricted on the basis of feasibility and risk-to-benefit analyses of intrauterine intervention. Recently, the authors demonstrated that in utero cleft palate repair of the congenital caprine model is technically feasible and results in scarless healing of the mucoperiosteum and velum, with subsequent development of a potentially functional bilaminar palate with distinct oral and nasal mucosal layers, following single-layer repair of the fetal mucoperiosteal flaps. A slight indentation at the site of repair was the only remaining evidence of a cleft. At 6 months of age, normal palatal architecture, including that of mucosal, muscular, and glandular elements, was seen grossly and histologically. The present work investigated the ultrastructural and functional aspects of the palate following in utero cleft repair to determine that benefits might be derived from fetal intervention, Six goats pregnant with twins were gavaged twice daily for 10 days (gestational days 32 to 41; term, 145 days) with dry, ground Nicotiana glauca plant delivering between 2.4 and 14 mg/kg per day of anabasine, doses that were adjusted in response to maternal toxicity. At 85 days' gestation, six fetuses underwent in utero palatoplasty using a modified von Langenbeck technique with elevation of bilateral mucoperiosteal flaps and lateral relaxing incisions. A single-layer repair of the mucoperiosteal flaps was performed using interrupted 6-0 Vicryl sutures. Six fetuses remained as unrepaired clefted controls. Six months after in utero palatoplasty, each group of goats underwent nasoendoscopy to evaluate palatal function; two unclefted 6-month-old goats served as controls. Subsequently, soft palate muscle was harvested from the unclefted control goats and was similarly studied. Nasoendoscopy demonstrated functional palates capable of dynamic velopharyngeal closure following in utero cleft repair; this motion was similar to that observed in unclefted animals. Unrepaired clefted goats did not demonstrate any evidence of velar motion or velopharyngeal closure. Soft palate muscle from this group demonstrated evidence of myofibril degeneration, atrophy, and loss compared with unclefted control velar muscle. Ultrastructural changes included sarcomere "scalloping," partial Z- line degeneration and loss, and progressive I-band degeneration and loss. Repaired clefted soft palate muscle was remarkably similar to unclefted control muscle. Significantly less myofibril, Z-Iine, and I-band degeneration and loss were observed with minimal evidence of sarcomere scalloping. In utero cleft palate repair results in a functional soft palate with restoration of ultrastructural architecture of the velum. These findings were attributed to reconstitution of the velar muscular sling, which is disrupted during the clefting process and remains abnormally inserted into the posterior edge of the palatal bone and along the bony cleft. Although repaired velar muscle does demonstrate some evidence of ultrastructural change compared with control muscle, these findings are significantly less pronounced than those observed in the unrepaired clefted muscle. C1 Brown Univ, Rhode Isl Hosp, Sch Med,Div Biol & Med,Hasbro Childrens Hosp, Dept Plast Surg,Wound Healing & Tissue Engn Lab, Providence, RI 02905 USA. Brown Univ, Rhode Isl Hosp, Sch Med, Div Otolaryngol, Providence, RI 02905 USA. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT USA. RP Weinzweig, J (reprint author), Brown Univ, Rhode Isl Hosp, Sch Med,Div Biol & Med,Hasbro Childrens Hosp, Dept Plast Surg,Wound Healing & Tissue Engn Lab, 2 Dudley St,Suite 380, Providence, RI 02905 USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0032-1052 J9 PLAST RECONSTR SURG JI Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 109 IS 7 BP 2355 EP 2362 DI 10.1097/00006534-200206000-00030 PG 8 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 554XB UT WOS:000175761500030 PM 12045563 ER PT J AU Sachinvala, ND Winsor, DL Hamed, O Niemczura, WP Maskos, K Vigo, TL Bertoniere, NR AF Sachinvala, ND Winsor, DL Hamed, O Niemczura, WP Maskos, K Vigo, TL Bertoniere, NR TI Synthesis and NMR characterization of 6-phenyl-6-deoxy-2,3-di-O-methylcellulose SO POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE 6-phenyl-6-deoxy-2,3-di-O-methylcellulose; carbon-carbon bond formation; cellulose derivatives; 2D-NMR; GPC; DSC; TGA; DMA ID NONAQUEOUS CELLULOSE SOLVENT; SPECTROSCOPY; ALCOHOLS; HALIDES; CONVERSION; REAGENTS; SUCROSE; ETHERS; METHYLCELLULOSE; MONOMERS AB Cellulose (1) was converted for the first time to 6-phenyl-6-deoxy-2,3-di-O-methylcellulose (6) in 33% overall yield. Intermediates in the five-step conversion of 1 to 6 were: 6-O-tritylcellulose (2), 6-O-trityl-2,3-di-O-methylcellulose (3), 2,3-di-O-methylcellulose (4); and 6-bromo-6-deoxy-2,3-di-O-methylcellulose (5). Elemental and quantitative carbon-13 analyses were concurrently used to verify and confirm the degrees of substitution in each new polymer. Gel permeation chromotography (GPC) data were generated to monitor the changes in molecular weight (DP(w)) as the synthesis progressed, and the compound average decrease in cellulose DP(w) was similar to 27%. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the decomposition of all polymers. The degradation temperatures (degreesC) and percent char at 500degreesC of cellulose derivatives 2 to 6 were 308.6 and 6.3%, 227.6degreesC and 9.7%, 273.9degreesC and 30.2%, 200.4degreesC and 25.6%, and 207.2degreesC and 27.0%, respectively. The glass transition temperature (T) of 6-O-tritylcellulose by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) occurred at 126.7degreesC and the modulus (E', Pa) dropped 8.9 fold in the transition from -150degreesC to + 180degreesC (6.6 x 10(9) to 7.4 x 10(8) Pa). Modulus at 20degreesC was 3.26 x 10(9) Pa. Complete proton and carbon-13 chemical shift assignments of the repeating unit of the title polymer were made by a combination of the HMQC and COSY NMR methods. Ultimate non-destructive proof of carbon-carbon bond formation at C6 of the anhydroglucose moiety was established by generating correlations between resonances of CH(2)6 (anhydroglucose) and C1', H2', and H6' of the attached aryl ring using the heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (HMBC) method. In this study, we achieved three major objectives: (a) new methodologies for the chemical modification of cellulose were developed, (b) new cellulose derivatives were designed, prepared and characterized, (c) unequivocal structural proof for carbon-carbon bond formation with cellulose was derived non-destructively by use of one- and two-dimensional NMR methods. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Text Chem Res Unit, SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA ARS, Sucrochem Res Grp, Hawaii Agr Res Ctr, New Orleans Off,SRRC, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Chem, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Tulane Univ, Coordinated Instrumentat Facil, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Sachinvala, ND (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Text Chem Res Unit, SRRC, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM nozar@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 85 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1042-7147 J9 POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL JI Polym. Adv. Technol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 13 IS 6 BP 413 EP 427 DI 10.1002/pat.204 PG 15 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 579BG UT WOS:000177155100002 ER PT J AU Veazie, PP Collins, JK AF Veazie, PP Collins, JK TI Quality of erect-type blackberry fruit after short intervals of controlled atmosphere storage SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anthocyanins; controlled atmosphere; quality; Rubus; shelf life; storage ID COLOR AB 'Navaho' and 'Arapaho' blackberries (Rubus sp.) were stored at 2 degreesC in ambient atmosphere (0.03 kPa CO2, 21 kPa O-2) or CA (15 kPa CO2, 10 kPa O-2) with the following treatments: 3 days of CA storage plus 11 days in air; 7 days of CA storage plus 7 days with air: 14 days of constant CA storage. Titratable acidity was higher after 3 and 14 days CA storage for 'Arapaho' and 'Navaho', respectively, compared with control fruit. At least 7 days of CA was needed to reduce incidence of decayed fruit in both cultivars. Monomeric anthocyanin content decreased 20% after 7 days CA storage compared with control blackberries for both cultivars. Consumer panels did not detect off-flavors in blackberries treated with CA for 3 or 7 days. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. RP Veazie, PP (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 25 IS 2 BP 235 EP 239 AR PII S0925-5214(02)00025-X PG 5 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 556VZ UT WOS:000175870800013 ER PT J AU Hinton, A Buhr, RJ Ingram, KD AF Hinton, A Buhr, RJ Ingram, KD TI Carbohydrate-based cocktails that decrease the population of Salmonella and Campylobacter in the crop of broiler chickens subjected to feed withdrawal SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE crop; carbohydrate; feed withdrawal; Salmonella; Campylobacter ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI 0157-H7; LACTOBACILLI; TYPHIMURIUM; INHIBITION AB The efficacy of various carbohydrate-based cocktails in reducing the number of enteropathogens in the crops of broilers subjected to feed withdrawal was examined. Market-aged broilers that had been orally challenged with Salmonella typhimurium were provided the cocktails during a 12-h feed withdrawal. After feed withdrawal, the broilers were processed, and their crops were aseptically removed and weighed. Crops were then blended in distilled water, and the pH of the suspensions was measured electronically. Populations of S. typhimurium, Campylobacter, and lactic acid bacteria in the crop suspensions were enumerated. Findings indicated that significantly fewer S. typhimurium and Campylobacter were recovered from the crops of broilers that had been provided cocktails supplemented with sucrose than from the crops of broilers provided cocktails supplemented with equal concentrations (wt/vol) of glucose. Furthermore, significantly fewer S. typhimurium were recovered from the crops of broilers provided cocktails supplemented with 2 to 10% sucrose than from the crops of broilers provided water or cocktails that were not supplemented with carbohydrates. The pH of the crop contents of broilers provided carbohydrate cocktails were lower than the pH of the crops of broilers provided water or cocktails that were not supplemented with carbohydrates. Consumption of the cocktails did not produce significant changes in the crop weights. Findings indicate that altering the composition of carbohydrate-based cocktails provided to broilers during feed withdrawal may affect the efficacy of cocktails in reducing the number of enteropathogens recovered from the crops of broilers. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Hinton, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Unit, Russell Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM ahinton@saa.ars.udsa.gov NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 81 IS 6 BP 780 EP 784 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 560YJ UT WOS:000176108700007 PM 12079043 ER PT J AU Dupuy, V Nersessian, B Bakst, MR AF Dupuy, V Nersessian, B Bakst, MR TI Embryonic development from first cleavage through seventy-two hours incubation in two strains of Pekin duck (Anas platyrhynchos) SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE duck; embryogenesis; blastoderm; avian ID HYPOBLAST FORMATION; PRIMITIVE STREAK; TURKEY; CHICK; EGGS AB Embryonic mortality is a significant problem plaguing the commercial duck industry worldwide. Yet, an objective means to stage development of the duck embryo is lacking. Such a staging procedure, which is described in this study, is essential for the critical and reproducible assessment of embryo development. The morphological features associated with duck embryo development are very similar to those of the chicken, although the duck embryo develops more slowly. The staging scheme presented here provides objective morphological criteria describing the embryonic development of the duck. C1 USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. INRA, Rech Avicoles Stn, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. Maple Leaf Farms Inc, Milford, IN USA. RP Bakst, MR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 81 IS 6 BP 860 EP 868 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 560YJ UT WOS:000176108700018 PM 12079054 ER PT J AU Saha, BC AF Saha, BC TI Production, purification and properties of xylanase from a newly isolated Fusarium proliferatum SO PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE xylanase; xylan; corn fibre; Fusarium proliferation; xylobiose; xylooligosaccharide ID CORN FIBER; MAIZE BRAN; OXYSPORUM AB Fusarium proliferatum (NRRL 26517), was isolated by screening soil samples surrounding decaying corn and wood using corn fibre xylan as carbon source. The extracellular xylanase from this fungal strain was purified 975-fold to homogeneity from the culture supernatant by ammonium sulphate treatment. DEAE Bio-Gel A column chromatography, octyl-Sepharose column chromatography and Bio-gel A-0.5 m gel filtration. The purified xylanase (specific activity 591 U mg(-1) protein) was a monomeric glycoprotein with a molecular weight (MW) of 22 400 as determined by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH and temperature for the action of the enzyme were at 5.0-5,5 and 55 degreesC, respectively. The purified xylanase was fully stable at pH 5.0-7.5 and temperature up to 55 degreesC. It hydrolyzed a variety of xylan substrates mainly to xylobiose and higher short-chain xylooligosaccharides. No xylose was formed. The enzyme did not require metal ions for activity and stability. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Saha, BC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sahabc@ncaur.usda.gov NR 20 TC 46 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-5113 J9 PROCESS BIOCHEM JI Process Biochem. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 37 IS 11 BP 1279 EP 1284 AR PII S0032-9592(02)00012-2 DI 10.1016/S0032-9592(02)00012-2 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering, Chemical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Engineering GA 563ZW UT WOS:000176289500012 ER PT J AU Turner, DP Gower, ST Cohen, WB Gregory, M Maiersperger, TK AF Turner, DP Gower, ST Cohen, WB Gregory, M Maiersperger, TK TI Effects of spatial variability in light use efficiency on satellite-based NPP monitoring SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY; BOREAL FOREST STANDS; LEAF-AREA INDEX; ABSORBED RADIATION; SOLAR-RADIATION; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; REFLECTANCE; MODEL; NDVI AB Light use efficiency (LUE) algorithms are a potentially effective approach to monitoring global net primary production (NPP) using satellite-borne sensors such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). However, these algorithms are applied at relatively coarse spatial resolutions 1 km, which may subsume significant heterogeneity in vegetation LUE (epsilon(n), g MJ(-1) and, hence, introduce error. To examine the effects of spatial heterogeneity on a LUE algorithm, imagery from the Advanced very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) at 1-km resolution was used to implement a LUE approach for NTP estimation over a 25-km(2) area of corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max Merr.) in central Illinois, USA. Results from several E. formulations were compared with a NIPP reference surface based on measured NPPs and a high spatial resolution land cover surface derived from Landsat ETM+. Determination of E. based on measurements of biomass production and monitoring of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) revealed that E of soybean was 68% of that for corn. When a LUE algorithm for estimating NTPP was implemented in the study area using the assumption of homogeneous cropland and the En for corn, the estimate for total biomass production was 126% of that from the NPP reference surface. Because of counteracting errors, total biomass production using the soybean epsilon(n) was closer (86%) to that from the NPP reference surface. Retention of high spatial resolution land cover to assign epsilon(n) resulted in a total NPP very similar to the reference NPP because differences in leaf phenology between the crop types were small except early in the growing season. These results suggest several alternative approaches to accounting for land cover heterogeneity in E. when implementing LUE algorithms at coarse resolution. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, PNW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Turner, DP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 48 TC 64 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 80 IS 3 BP 397 EP 405 AR PII S0034-4257(01)00319-4 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00319-4 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 554VK UT WOS:000175757700004 ER PT J AU Asner, GP Keller, M Pereira, R Zweede, JC AF Asner, GP Keller, M Pereira, R Zweede, JC TI Remote sensing of selective logging in Amazonia - Assessing limitations based on detailed field observations, Landsat ETM+, and textural analysis SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID RAIN-FOREST; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; EASTERN AMAZON; CANOPY; FIRE; REFLECTANCE; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS; CARBON AB We combined a detailed Field study of forest canopy damage with calibrated Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) reflectance data and texture analysis to assess the sensitivity of basic broadband optical remote sensing to selective logging in Amazonia. Our Field study encompassed measurements of ground damage and canopy gap fractions along a chronosequence of postharvest regrowth of 0.5 - 3.5 years. We found that canopy damage and regrowth rates varied according to the logging method used, either conventional logging or reduced impact logging. Areas used to stage felled trees prior to transport, log decks, had the largest gap fractions immediately following cutting. Log decks were quickly colonized by early successional plant species, resulting in significant gap fraction decreases within 1.5 years after site abandonment. Although log decks were the most obvious damage areas on the ground and in satellite imagery, they accounted for only 1-2% of the total harvested area of the blocks studied. Other forest damage features such as tree-fall gaps, skid trails, and roads were difficult to recognize in Landsat reflectance data or through textural analysis. These landscape features could be only crudely resolved in the most intensively logged forests and within about 0.5 years following harvest. We found that forest damage within any of the landscape strata (decks, roads, skids, tree falls) could not be resolved with Landsat reflectance or texture data when the canopy gap fraction was < 50%. The basic Landsat ETM+ imagery lacks the resolution of forest structural features required for quantitative studies of logging damage. Landsat textural analyses may be useful for broad delineation of logged forests, but detailed ecological and biogeochemical studies will probably need to rely on other remote sensing approaches. Until spatial gradients of canopy damage and regrowth resulting from selective logging operations in tropical forests in the Amazon region are resolved, the impacts of this land use on a continental scale will remain poorly understood. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Environm Studies Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Stanford Univ, Carnegie Inst Washington, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR USA. Fundacao Floresta Trop, BR-66063140 Belem, Para, Brazil. RP Asner, GP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Benson Bldg,Campus Box 399, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 NR 30 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 80 IS 3 BP 483 EP 496 AR PII S0034-4257(01)00326-1 DI 10.1016/S0034-4257(01)00326-1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 554VK UT WOS:000175757700011 ER PT J AU Schaff, SD Pezeshki, SR Shields, FD AF Schaff, SD Pezeshki, SR Shields, FD TI Effects of pre-planting soaking on growth and survival of black willow cuttings SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plant stress; riparian restoration; Salix nigra; soil moisture; streambank stabilization AB Black willow (Salix nigra ) uses periodic flood events for dispersal of vegetative propagules, subjecting them to periods of soaking before their deposition along the streambank. It was hypothesized that this life history trait results in optimal conditions for willow growth and survival. To test this hypothesis, a greenhouse experiment was conducted using 1.2-m-long black willow cuttings (posts) with a basal diameter of 5 cm. Cuttings were subjected to three soaking treatments (0, 3, and 10 days) and then grown under four soil moisture regimes (control, drought, permanently flooded, and intermittently flooded). Growth, biomass, and survival were recorded. Results showed that soaking posts for 10 days was most beneficial in the control soil moisture regime, enhancing root, shoot, leaf, and total biomass production. Shoot abundance and growth were also enhanced by 10 days of soaking in the control and permanently flooded moisture regimes. Finally, survival increased significantly in control and drought moisture regimes in response to the 10-day soaking treatment. Results clearly demonstrated that soaking had significant effects on willow post success when evaluated across all soil moisture regimes. Posts subjected to the 10-day soaking treatment consistently had greatest growth and biomass and displayed a doubling of the survival rate. Therefore, soaking willow cuttings before planting is a simple, inexpensive technique that may be used to bolster streambank restoration success. C1 Univ Memphis, Dept Biol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, USDA, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Schaff, SD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 10 IS 2 BP 267 EP 274 DI 10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.02035.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 556CW UT WOS:000175832600010 ER PT J AU Boyd, CS Bidwell, TG AF Boyd, CS Bidwell, TG TI Effects of prescribed fire on shinnery oak (Quercus havardii) plant communities in western Oklahoma SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plant community restoration; shrub ecology; Quercus ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; VEGETATION; SAVANNA AB Changes in structural and compositional attributes of shinnery oak (Quercus havardii Rydb.) plant communities have occurred in the twentieth century. These changes may in part relate to altered fire regimes. Our objective was to document effects of prescribed fire in fall (October), winter (February), and spring (April) on plant composition. Three study sites were located in western Oklahoma; each contained 12, 60 x 30-m plots that were designated, within site, to be seasonally burned, annually burned, or left unburned. Growing season canopy cover for herbaceous and woody species was estimated in 1997-1998 (post-treatment). At one year post-fire, burning in any season reduced shrub cover, and spring burns reduced cover most. Winter and annual fires increased cover of rhizomatous tallgrasses, whereas burning in any season decreased little bluestem cover. Perennial forbs increased with fall and winter fire. Shrub stem density increased with fire in any season. Communities returned rapidly to pre-burn composition with increasing time since fire. Fire effects on herbaceous vegetation appear to be manifested through increases in bare ground and reduction of overstory shrub dominance. Prescribed fire can be used as a tool in restoration efforts to increase or maintain within and between community plant diversity. Our data suggest that some plant species may require or benefit from fire in specific seasons. Additional research is needed to determine the long-term effects of repeated fire over time. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Boyd, CS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, HC 71,4-51 Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 10 IS 2 BP 324 EP 333 DI 10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.01021.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 556CW UT WOS:000175832600017 ER PT J AU Williams, MI Schuman, GE Hild, AL Vicklund, LE AF Williams, MI Schuman, GE Hild, AL Vicklund, LE TI Wyoming big sagebrush density: Effects of seeding rates and grass competition SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Artemisia tridentata ssp; wyomingensis; coal mine reclamation; competition; seeding rates ID LANDS AB The mining industry commonly seeds shrubs and grasses concurrently on coal-mined lands of northeastern Wyoming, but ecological interactions between seeded shrubs and grasses are not well documented. Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis (Beetle and Young) (Wyoming big sagebrush) is the dominant pre-mining shrub on many Wyoming mine sites. Despite past failures to establish Wyoming big sagebrush, the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, Land Quality Division's rules and regulations require establishment of 1 shrub per m(2) on 20% of post-mined land in Wyoming. A study was established at the Belle Ayr Coal Mine south of Gillette, Wyoming to evaluate the effects of sagebrush seeding rates and grass competition on Wyoming big sagebrush seedling density. Three sagebrush seeding rates (1, 2, and 4 kg pure live seed [pls]/ha; 350, 700, and 1,400 pls/m(2) , respectively) and seven cool-season perennial grass mixture seeding rates (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 14 kg pls/ha; 0, 187, 374, 561, 750, 935, and 1,309 pls/m(2) , respectively) were applied during winter 1998-1999. Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Love (western wheatgrass), Elymus lanceolatus (Scribner & J.G. Smith) Gould (thickspike wheatgrass), and Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners (slender wheatgrass) comprised the grass seed mix (equal seed numbers of each species). Sagebrush seedling density differed among sagebrush seeding rates but not among grass seeding rates. On all sampling dates in 1999 and 2000, sagebrush seedling density differed among sagebrush rates and was greatest at the 4 kg pls/ha sagebrush seeding rate. All sagebrush seeding rates provided densities of at least 1 shrub per m(2) after two growing seasons. Grass density and production in 2000 suggest that adequate grass production (greater than or equal to75 g/m(2) ) was achieved by seeding at 6 to 8 kg pls/ha. Within these grass seeding rates, four or more sagebrush seedlings per m(2) were attained when sagebrush was seeded at 2 to 4 kg pls/ha. Use of these seeding rate combinations in mine reclamation can achieve Wyoming big sagebrush standards and reduce reseeding costs. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Mora Res Ctr, Mora, NM 87732 USA. ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, USDA, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Renewable Resources, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RAG Coal W Inc, Belle Ayr Coal Mine, Gillette, WY 82717 USA. RP Williams, MI (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Mora Res Ctr, State Highway 518, Mora, NM 87732 USA. EM maiwill@nmsu.edu NR 34 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 10 IS 2 BP 385 EP 391 DI 10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.01025.x PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 556CW UT WOS:000175832600024 ER PT J AU Hulebak, KL Schlosser, W AF Hulebak, KL Schlosser, W TI Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) history and conceptual overview SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE HACCP; critical control points; CCPs; critical limits beef slaughter AB The concept of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a system that enables the production of safe meat and poultry products through the thorough analysis of production processes, identification of all hazards that are likely to occur in the production establishment, the identification of critical points in the process at which these hazards may be introduced into product and therefore should be controlled, the establishment of critical limits for control at those points, the verification of these prescribed steps, and the methods by which the processing establishment and the regulatory authority can monitor how well process control through the HACCP plan is working. The history of the development of HACCP is reviewed, and examples of practical applications of HACCP are described. C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Schlosser, W (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, Crystal Pk Plaza Suite 3000,2700 Ear,Rudder Freew, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 0 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 547 EP 552 DI 10.1111/0272-4332.00038 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 568NE UT WOS:000176547800018 PM 12088233 ER PT J AU Buehlmann, U Thomas, RE AF Buehlmann, U Thomas, RE TI Impact of human error on lumber yield in rough mills SO ROBOTICS AND COMPUTER-INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Flexible Automation on Intelligent Manufacturing CY JUL, 2001 CL DUBLIN CITY UNIV, SCH MECH & MFG ENGN, DUBLIN, IRELAND HO DUBLIN CITY UNIV, SCH MECH & MFG ENGN DE human error; material loss; lumber yield; wood processsing ID MACHINE VISION; PERFORMANCE; INDUSTRY AB Rough sawn, kiln-dried lumber contains characteristics such as knots and bark pockets that are considered by most people to be defects. When using boards to produce furniture components, these defects are removed to produce clear, defect-free parts. Currently, human operators identify and locate the unusable board areas containing defects. Errors in determining a defect and its location, known as operator error, lead to lower lumber yield and increased product cost. Technology exists that would alleviate these problems and is a viable option to avoid wasting lumber because of human error. This study was performed in a rough mill collecting data on the errors made by humans when marking defects. Computer-based simulation tools were used to assess the significance of these errors. It was found that three-quarters of the decisions made by human operators are erroneous in some way resulting in an absolute yield loss of approximately 16.1%. Thus, automated defect detection systems that perform more accurately than do humans could have a payback period of I year or less. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Buehlmann, U (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, 3036B Biltmore Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0736-5845 J9 ROBOT CIM-INT MANUF JI Robot. Comput.-Integr. Manuf. PD JUN-AUG PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3-4 BP 197 EP 203 AR PII S0736-5845(02)00010-8 DI 10.1016/S0736-5845(02)00010-8 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA 568EC UT WOS:000176528600005 ER PT J AU Al-Jabri, SA Horton, R Jaynes, DB Gaur, A AF Al-Jabri, SA Horton, R Jaynes, DB Gaur, A TI Field determination of soil hydraulic and chemical transport properties SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE solute transport properties; hydraulic conductivity; spatial variability ID IMMOBILE WATER-CONTENT; SORBING POROUS-MEDIA; NONREACTIVE TRACERS; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; 2-REGION MODEL; MASS-TRANSFER; CONDUCTIVITY; INFILTRATION; GROUNDWATER; COEFFICIENT AB Hydraulic and chemical transport properties are the major inputs in predictive models that simulate the movement of water and chemicals through the vadose zone. However, there is a lack of field measurements of such properties to verify models describing water and chemical movement through the soil. One of the objectives of this study was to use a point source method to determine simultaneously the hydraulic and chemical transport properties at multiple field locations. A second objective was to determine the spatial distribution of such properties across a field. A total of 50 field locations within a 7 x 15-m area were rapidly and simultaneously evaluated for such properties. The hydraulic properties were the saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) and the macroscopic capillary length (lambda(c)). The chemical transport properties were the immobile water content, expressed as a fraction of water content (theta(im)/theta) and the mass exchange coefficient (alpha). The hydraulic properties were determined by applying three discharge rates from irrigation dripper lines and measuring the resultant steady-state flux densities at the soil surface beneath each emitter. The chemical transport properties were determined by applying a sequence of three conservative tracers at a steady-state infiltration rate and measuring their resident concentration it; the soil. The K-s values ranged from 7.5 to 79.0 cm h(-1), with a median of 27.4 cm h(-1) (+/- 16.8). The lambda(c) values ranged from 0.03 to 13.1 cm, with a median of 2.6 cm (+/- 3.6). The theta(im)/theta values ranged from 0.36 to 0.88, with a median of 0.57 (+/- 0.098). The alpha values ranged from 0.002 to 0.12 h(-1), with a median of 0.034 h(-1) ( 0.027). The values of the hydraulic and chemical transport parameters were found to be comparable with values reported by studies conducted on nearby field locations on similar soil. Based on semi-variogram analysis, the measured properties were not spatially correlated. Because the method required only 2 days to collect data it should prove useful for future studies that require extensive field measurements of hydraulic and chemical transport properties. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Sultan Qaboos Univ, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Muscat, Oman. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Horton, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 6 BP 353 EP 368 AR UNSP 0038-075C/02/16706-353-368 DI 10.1097/00010694-200206000-00001 PG 16 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 562WG UT WOS:000176221500001 ER PT J AU Rhoton, FE Shipitalo, MJ Lindbo, DL AF Rhoton, FE Shipitalo, MJ Lindbo, DL TI Runoff and soil loss from midwestern and southeastern US silt loam soils as affected by tillage practice and soil organic matter content SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE no-tillage; conventional tillage; aggregate stability; water dispersible clay; bulk density; erosion; infiltration; soil organic matter ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE; EROSION AB No-till practices generally reduce runoff (RO) and soil loss (SL) by contributing to accumulations of soil organic matter (SOM) in the near-surface zone. This research was conducted to determine the effects of SOM contents on RO and SL from two highly erodible soils using crops that produce a wide range of residue. in the context of long-term tillage studies in widely separated climatic regions. Rainfall simulator plots, measuring 6.1 m x 0.9 m, were imposed on a 9-year-old corn Zea mays L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) conservation tillage study at Senatobia, Mississippi, and on a similar 34-year-old corn study at Coshocton, Ohio. All RO was collected from two replications of conventional (CT) and no-till (NT) treatments following application of simulated rainfall at an intensity of 50 mm h(-1) for 1 h. Soil samples collected in depth increments of 0-1, 1-3, 3-7.6 and 7.6-15.2 cm were characterized for SOM content, aggregate stability (AS), water dispersible clay (WDC) and particle size distribution. Bulk density (BD) samples were collected in increments of 0-3.8. 3.8-7.6, 7.6-15.2 and 15.2-30.5 cm. Overall, RO from the CT and NT treatments averaged 27.8 and 16.5 mm, respectively. SL loss from the CT treatments averaged 3.9 Mg ha(-1) and 0 for the NT, BDs in the surface 3.8 cm averaged 1,34 Mg m(-3) for CT and 1.26 Mg m(-3) for NT. Correlation coefficients (r) for SOM content versus AS, WDC and BD were 0.92, -0.90 and -0.64, respectively. Regression models indicated that BD, as a single-variable, explained 87% of the variability in RO from the NT treatments. BD alone was less effective in accounting for the variability in RO from CT treatments, but contributed to a three-variable model with AS and WDC to produce an R-2 of 0.97. These results indicate that as SOM contents gradually increase in NT treatments, RO decreases due to the development of greater porosity in the near-surface zone attributable to enhanced AS at the soil surface. Thus, surface sealing tendencies are diminished which promotes an increase in infiltration rates. Published by Elsevier Science B,V. C1 USDA ARS, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Vernon James Res & Extens Ctr, Plymouth, NC 27962 USA. RP Rhoton, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, 598 McElroy Dr, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 20 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 4 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 AR PII S0167-1987(02)00005-3 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(02)00005-3 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 562XE UT WOS:000176223600001 ER PT J AU Jacinthe, PA Lal, R Kimble, JM AF Jacinthe, PA Lal, R Kimble, JM TI Carbon dioxide evolution in runoff from simulated rainfall on long-term no-till and plowed soils in southwestern Ohio SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE erosion; carbon dioxide; tillage; soil organic carbon; sediment; Ohio ID ORGANIC-CARBON; EROSION; MATTER; DYNAMICS; NITROGEN; MANAGEMENT; NITRATE; STORAGE; WATER; CORN AB Water erosion results in the mobilization and depletion of soil organic carbon (SOC), but studies providing direct experimental evidence of eroded C mineralization and its linkage to the global C cycle are lacking. A study was conducted to determine the mineralization of SOC in runoff from a southwestern Ohio Crosby soil (fine, mixed, mesic Aerie Ochraqualf) that had been under no-till (NT), chisel till (CT) and moldboard plow (MP) for 38 years. To simulate present and future soil erosion conditions, the 0-3 and 5-8 cm soil layers from triplicate soil blocks extracted from each tillage practice were used. Soil layers were transferred to runoff trays and simulated rainfall (30 +/- 5 mm h(-1)) was applied for 1 h. Runoff was collected at 20, 40 and 60 min following initiation of rainfall event. Carbon dioxide production was monitored for 100 days in runoff samples incubated without and with N (0.15-0.20 g NH4-N kg(-1) sediment) amendment to simulate situations where water erosion coincides with high soil mineral N availability. The data show that soil layer depth and time of runoff sampling had no significant effect on any of the parameters considered. Sediment delivery (g sediment m(-2) h(-1)) was significantly lower in the NT (17.4) than in the other tillage (CT: 48.9, MP: 34.1) practices; it was inversely related to degree of soil aggregation and sediment C content. The average of C export ranged between 0.6 and 1.1 g C m(-2) h(-1), and was highest in the CT soil. Mineralization of runoff C followed a first-order kinetics and proceeded at rates significantly higher in NT and N-amended runoff. Nearly half of the total runoff C mineralization recorded during the entire incubation occurred during the first 20 days suggesting that under field conditions, most of the erosion-induced CO, production will occur in the days immediately following rainfall events, Potentially mineralizable carbon (C-o) in runoff was significantly greater with NT (13.5 g C kg(-1) sediment) than with the other tillage practices, and was positively correlated with sediment C content (R-2 = 0.76) and cumulative C mineralized (R-2 =0.77-0.97). The data presented showed that 29-35 and 33-46% of the C exported in runoff was mineralized in 100 days without and with N amendment, respectively, These results are the first quantitative evidence that a significant fraction of the SOC released through water erosion is mineralizablc and, therefore represents an additional source of atmospheric CO2. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA, NRCS, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68508 USA. RP Jacinthe, PA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 42 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 23 EP 33 AR PII S0167-1987(02)00010-7 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(02)00010-7 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 562XE UT WOS:000176223600003 ER PT J AU Endale, DM Cabrera, ML Steiner, JL Radcliffe, DE Vencill, WK Schomberg, HH Lohr, L AF Endale, DM Cabrera, ML Steiner, JL Radcliffe, DE Vencill, WK Schomberg, HH Lohr, L TI Impact of conservation tillage and nutrient management on soil water and yield of cotton fertilized with poultry litter or ammonium nitrate in the Georgia Piedmont SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Georgia; USA; chromi-alumic acrisol; conservation tillage; no-till; cotton; poultry litter; nutrient management AB Cotton has become a dominant crop in the southeastern USA, but only about 12% of the 620,000 ha of cotton (Gossipium hirsutum L.) in Georgia, for example, is under conservation tillage. Georgia and bordering states produce about 42% of the poultry in the United States and in Georgia alone. this results in over 1.6 million Mg of poultry litter (PL) annually, The fertilizer value of PL is well-recognized but much of it is applied to pastures and only a small percentage is applied to crop land. Limited information is available on the response of cotton to PL as fertilizer in conservation tillage systems in the Southeast. The performance of cotton under two tillage and two fertilizer treatments was evaluated from 1996 to 1999 to highlight management options for increased adoption of conservation tillage and PL use. Cotton, followed by a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop, was grown under a factorial arrangement of tillage (no-till (NT) vs conventional tillage (CT)) and fertilizer (ammonium nitrate, as conventional fertilizer (CF) vs PL) on a Cecil sandy loam (clayev, kaolinitic thermic Typic Kanhapludult Chromi-Alumic Acrisol) near Watkinsville, Georgia. Average lint yield from 1996 to 1999 was in the sequence no-till poultry litter (NTPL) > no-till conventional fertilizer (NTCF) > conventional tillage poultry litter (CTPL) > conventional tillage and fertilizer (CTCF). Differences were significant at P less than or equal to 0.05 for NTPL vs CTPL, NTPL vs CTCF, and NTCF vs CTCF. Average yield differences were also significant between NT and CT but not PL and CF. PL yielded more than CF only in 1997. NT generally had a more favorable soil water regime than CT. Yield differences among treatments occurred during the first 3 years only. Drought in the fourth year reduced yield across all treatments and negated treatment effects, Lint yield would increase in the southeastern USA and an additional outlet for the PL would be created by adopting NT and fertilizing with PL in cotton production. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Athens, Greece. Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Athens, Greece. RP Endale, DM (reprint author), USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, 1420 Expt Stn Rd, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RI Vencill, William/K-7748-2015 OI Vencill, William/0000-0001-7233-4534 NR 23 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 55 EP 68 AR PII S0167-1987(02)00013-2 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(02)00013-2 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 562XE UT WOS:000176223600006 ER PT J AU Henneberry, TJ Jech, LF de la Torre, T AF Henneberry, TJ Jech, LF de la Torre, T TI Effects of cotton plant water stress on Bemisia tabaci Strain B (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) honeydew production SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; ARGENTIFOLII HOMOPTERA; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; SAMPLING PLANS; PHLOEM SAP; MANAGEMENT AB Honeydew production by sweetpotato whitefly (SPW), Bemisia fabaci (Gennadius) Strain B, feeding on water-stressed and non-water-stressed cotton was compared in field and greenhouse studies. In the field in 1999, leaf water potentials, as a measure of water stress, decreased with increasing numbers of days following irrigations. More honeydew sugars were produced by SPW feeding on cotton plants four days after irrigation (non-water stress) compared with 7 or 13 days after irrigation (water stress). In 2000, leaf water potentials of furrow irrigated cotton and furrow irrigated plus supplementary drip irrigated cotton (1 h per day) showed the same decreasing leaf water potential patterns as in 1999, but leaf water potentials decreased less in furrow irrigated plus supplementary drip irrigation compared with furrow irrigation alone. SPW feeding on plants in the field with furrow plus supplementary drip irrigation and in the greenhouse on non-stressed cotton plants produced more micrograms of honeydew sugars per gram of honeydew compared to SPW feeding on plants with furrow irrigation alone in the field and on water-stressed plants in the greenhouse. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, PWA, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Henneberry, TJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, PWA, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 27 IS 2 BP 117 EP 133 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 594AN UT WOS:000178026800001 ER PT J AU Elzen, GW James, RR AF Elzen, GW James, RR TI Responses of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera : Plutellidae) and Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) to selected insecticides in a residual insecticide bioassay SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID DIAMONDBACK MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; GEOCORIS-PUNCTIPES; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; ORIUS-INSIDIOSUS; RESISTANCE; LETHAL; FIELD AB Immatures of Plutella xylostella (L.) and Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer), from laboratory culture, were exposed to selected insecticides and an entomopathogen using a foliar insecticide residue bioassay. Insecticides tested were CGA-293743, neem oil, azadirachtin, emamectin benzoate, abamectin, spinosad, endosulfan, and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. The entomopathogen tested was Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin. Bacillus thuringiensis was significantly more toxic than other treatments to R xylostella, Bacillus thuringiensis was also low in toxicity to C maculata, Spinosad, endosulfan, and abamectin were also highly toxic to P. xylostella; however, spinosad was non-toxic to C. maculata. The remaining treatments were moderately toxic to P. xylostella, with the exception of CGA-293743, which was lower in toxicity than any other treatment. CGA-293743, neem oil, and azadirachtin were also low in toxicity to C maculata. Beauveria bassiana (both rates) combined with azadirachtin was significantly more toxic to P. xylostella than either treatment alone. Similar synergy was found when this combination was applied to C. maculata. C1 USDA ARS, Kika de al Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Elzen, GW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika de al Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 27 IS 2 BP 149 EP 153 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 594AN UT WOS:000178026800003 ER PT J AU Spurgeon, DW Raulston, JR Marquette, M AF Spurgeon, DW Raulston, JR Marquette, M TI Toxicity of ingested photoactive dyes to adults of the boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID ANTHONOMOUS-GRANDIS AB Photoactive dyes are increasingly considered potential alternatives to conventional insecticides. Expansion of eradication programs for the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, has accentuated the need for new toxicants to reduce dependency on organophosphates and minimize environmental impacts. However, toxicity of photoactive dyes to adult weevils has not been thoroughly investigated. We developed methods to assay dye activity against the adult boll weevil, compared the efficacies of selected dyes, and examined the influence of dye elimination on efficacy. Doses of dyes from 0 - 1.0 mug/weevil were orally delivered in aqueous sucrose and mortality was induced by illumination with a high-pressure sodium lamp. The methods provided consistent mortality responses to rose bengal and phloxine B, and results indicated that mortality occurred earlier as dose increased. Methylene blue, eosin Y, rhodamine B, and erythrosin B failed to consistently produce substantial mortality. Examination of the influences on efficacy of dye elimination by excretion or detoxification indicated that phloxine B was significantly more effective when weevils were exposed to the light source immediately after dye ingestion than when exposure was delayed for 24 or 48 h. Feeding on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) squares after dye ingestion did not reduce mortality. Our results indicate the high-pressure sodium lamp provides light of sufficient intensity to permit laboratory examination of photoactive dye toxicity against relatively opaque insects such as the boll weevil, and that both the time-course of mortality and the potential for dye elimination should be considered in interpreting results of dye assays. C1 USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Spurgeon, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 27 IS 2 BP 165 EP 176 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 594AN UT WOS:000178026800005 ER PT J AU Snodgrass, GL Scott, WP AF Snodgrass, GL Scott, WP TI Tolerance to acephate in tarnished plant bug (Heteroptera : Miridae) populations in the Mississippi River Delta SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; ARKANSAS; COTTON AB Tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), were collected from weeds in the fall of 1998, 1999, and 2000 at twenty locations in the Mississippi River Delta of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi and tested with a glass-vial bioassay for tolerance to acephate. The same twenty collection locations were used each of the three years. Plant bug populations with high levels of resistance to acephate were not found. The highest resistance found was 4.6-fold, and, at most locations in all three years, resistance was 2-fold or less. Based on mean resistance ratios among populations within each year, there appeared to be a slight increase in tolerance to acephate over the three year period. Tarnished plant bug populations at 18 of 20 test locations in 2000 had higher tolerance than was found in populations tested from the locations in 1998. However, the increase was significant in plant bugs from only 7 of the 18 test locations. Acephate should still be an effective insecticide for control of tarnished plant bugs in cotton in the Mississippi River Delta. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Snodgrass, GL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, POB 346, Stoneville, MS USA. NR 25 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 27 IS 2 BP 191 EP 199 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 594AN UT WOS:000178026800008 ER PT J AU Mulrooney, JE AF Mulrooney, JE TI Efficacy of fipronil aerially applied in oil adjuvants and drift retardants against boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID LARVAE AB Results of aerial application tests in the field and insecticide transfer tests in the laboratory showed that cottonseed oil was the most effective oil adjuvant to use with fipronil for controlling boll weevils under field conditions and for transferring fipronil from cotton leaf surfaces to boll weevils. The mineral oil and mineral oil + drift retardant more effectively transferred fipronil from cotton leaves to boll weevils than fipronil in water. Fipronil mixed with mineral oil was not as effective as fipronil mixed with cottonseed oil. Results of low volume aerial application of fipronil in aqueous mixtures with drift retardants showed that drift retardants slightly increased deposition of fipronil on cotton leaf surfaces compared to the standard application with water. Boll weevil mortalities from drift retardant-fipronil mixtures were slightly greater than an aqueous mixture of fipronil immediately after application. At 2 or 3 days after application, only drift retardant HM9733-A produced greater boll weevil mortality than that of fipronil in water. C1 USDA ARS, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Mulrooney, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Applicat & Prod Technol Res Unit, POB 36, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 27 IS 2 BP 201 EP 207 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 594AN UT WOS:000178026800009 ER PT J AU Calamusso, B Rinne, JN Turner, PR AF Calamusso, B Rinne, JN Turner, PR TI Distribution and abundance of the Rio Grande sucker in the Carson and Santa Fe National Forests, New Mexico SO SOUTHWESTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CATOSTOMUS-PLEBEIUS; STREAM AB Rio Grande sticker (Catostomus plebeius) was once common in the Rio Grande basin; however, its current status in New Mexico is unknown. We surveyed 20 streams for Rio Grande sucker in the Carson and Santa Fe National Forests in northern New Mexico. Rio Grande sticker were found in 3 streams oil the Carson National Forest. In 2 of these streams Rio Grande sucker co-occurred with white sucker (Catostomus commersoni). On the Santa Fe National Forest, Rio Grande sucker occupied 11 streams in the Jemez River drainage and 2 streams in the Chama River drainage. Rio Grande sticker co-occurred with white Sticker in 1 of the 2 streams draining into the Chama River drainage. The abundance of Rio Grande sucker was inversely proportional to stream gradient. C1 SW Forest Sci Complex, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, United States Dept Agr Forest Serv, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Calamusso, B (reprint author), SW Forest Sci Complex, Rocky Mtn Res Stn, United States Dept Agr Forest Serv, Flagstaff, AZ USA. EM RCalamus@nmsu.edu NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 8 PU SOUTHWESTERN ASSOC NATURALISTS PI SAN MARCOS PA SOUTHWEST TEXAS STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOLOGY, 601 UNIVERSITY DR, SAN MARCOS, TX 78666 USA SN 0038-4909 J9 SOUTHWEST NAT JI Southw. Natural. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 47 IS 2 BP 182 EP 186 DI 10.2307/3672905 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 568ZA UT WOS:000176573800005 ER PT J AU Overstreet, RM Curran, SS Pote, LM King, DT Blend, CK Grater, WD AF Overstreet, RM Curran, SS Pote, LM King, DT Blend, CK Grater, WD TI Bolbophorus damnificus n. sp (Digenea : Bolbophoridae) from the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and American white pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos in the USA based on life-cycle and molecular data SO SYSTEMATIC PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA; BROWN PELICAN; DIFFERENTIATION; OPECOELIDAE; MORPHOLOGY; PARASITES; SEQUENCES; NUCLEAR; DNA AB The common pathogenic prodiplostomulum metacercaria in the flesh, mostly near the skin, of pond-produced channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus has been demonstrated to be Bolbophorus damnificus Overstreet & Curran n. sp. The catfish acquires the infection from the snail Planorbella trivolvis, the only known first intermediate host, and the species is perpetuated through the American white pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, as confirmed by experimental infections with nestling and dewormed adult pelican specimens in conjunction with molecular data. It differs from the cryptic species Bolbophorus sp., also found concurrently in the American white pelican, by having eggs 123-129 mum rather than 100-112 mum long and consistent low values for nucleotide percentage sequence similarity comparing COI, ITS 1/2, 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA fragments. Bolbophorus sp. is comparable but most likely distinct from B. confusus (Kraus, 1914), which occurs in Europe and has eggs 90-102 mum long. Its intermediate hosts were not demonstrated. The adults of neither of the confirmed North American species of Bolbophorus were encountered in any bird other than a pelican, although several shore birds feed on infected catfish, and B. damnificus can survive but not mature when protected in the mouse abdominal cavity. B. ictaluri (Haderlie, 1953) Overstreet & Curran n. comb., a species different from B. damnificus, is considered a species inquirenda. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39566 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, USDA, US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, POB 7000, Ocean Springs, MS 39566 USA. NR 51 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-5752 EI 1573-5192 J9 SYST PARASITOL JI Syst. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 52 IS 2 BP 81 EP 96 DI 10.1023/A:1015696622961 PG 16 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 555LT UT WOS:000175796100001 PM 12075128 ER PT J AU Akin, DE Foulk, JA Dodd, RB AF Akin, DE Foulk, JA Dodd, RB TI Influence on flax fibers of components in enzyme retting formulations SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RETTED FLAX; QUALITY; FUNGI AB A series of formulations with varying enzyme and chelator components is tested for flax fiber yield and properties using a recently developed enzyme retting system on Ariane flax grown as a winter crop in southeastern South Carolina. The levels of Viscozyme L, a commercial pectinase-rich enzyme mixture, and Mayoquest 200, a commercial chelator containing 38% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as tetrasodium salt, are varied. Enzyme retted flax straw is hand-carded and passed one time through a Shirley Analyzer for cleaning. The chelator level determines the fine fiber (i.e., Shirley cleaned) yield. Fiber strength measured by Stelometer is inversely proportional to enzyme level and not affected by chelator level. Fiber fineness measured by air flow methods is better with higher enzyme levels, and within enzyme levels the higher chelator levels tend to produce fibers with the highest degree of fineness. Relative cost calculations, taking into account fiber yield with costs of enzyme and chelators, provide a framework for determining retting efficiency and fiber quality. Results indicate that fiber properties can be tailored by enzyme or chelator levels. Further, commercial enzyme mixtures and chelators effectively ret flax and can serve as a basis for large scale retting tests. C1 ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. ARS, USDA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Akin, DE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 72 IS 6 BP 510 EP 514 DI 10.1177/004051750207200608 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 561ZB UT WOS:000176172000008 ER PT J AU Parikh, DV Calamari, TA Sawhney, APS Robert, KQ Kimmel, L Glynn, E Jirsak, O Mackova, I Saunders, T AF Parikh, DV Calamari, TA Sawhney, APS Robert, KQ Kimmel, L Glynn, E Jirsak, O Mackova, I Saunders, T TI Compressional behavior of perpendicular-laid nonwovens containing cotton SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This paper discusses highloft perpendicular-laid nonwovens made with cotton, polyester, and bicomponent bonding fibers rather than the usual synthetic fibers. Compressional resistance and subsequent recovery properties (when the deforming forces are removed) of perpendicular-laid highlofts are compared to those made by conventional cross-laid technology. A simple thickness measurement instrument is used as a highloft compressibility gauge. The perpendicular-laid fabrics show higher compressional resistance and their recovery properties are superior to those of cross-laid fabrics. Low cotton-content highlofts containing up to 20% cotton have a compressional behavior and dimensional stability similar to 100% synthetic fiber fabrics. These low cotton-content highlofts are economical to produce and have improved biodegradability. C1 ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Tech Univ Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic. Georgia Text Machinery, Dalton, GA 30719 USA. RP Parikh, DV (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 72 IS 6 BP 550 EP 554 DI 10.1177/004051750207200615 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 561ZB UT WOS:000176172000015 ER PT J AU Cordero, JC Skinner, DZ AF Cordero, JC Skinner, DZ TI Isolation from alfalfa of resistance gene analogues containing nucleotide binding sites SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE disease resistance; degenerate oligonucleotides; resistance gene analogues; alfalfa; Medicago sativa L ID PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE; VIRUS-RESISTANCE; SUPERFAMILY; MECHANISM; MOTIF AB Cloned resistance (R) genes from a broad range of plant species are known to share similarities in DNA sequence and structural motifs. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers designed from conserved regions of the nucleotide binding site (NBS), common to many R genes, were used to amplify the NBS regions from genomic DNA from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L). Sequence comparisons of the amplified fragments indicated that at least 18 families of NBS-containing R genes are present in alfalfa. Comparisons to R genes from other species suggested a polyphyletic origin of these gene families. Using the same degenerate primers, PCR analysis of cDNA prepared from a plant not challenged with a pest or pathogen revealed that many of the NBS-containing gene families were transcribed actively. Amplification of NBS regions from other Medicago species showed the presence of some NBS-containing genes not present in alfalfa. These results indicate that the NBS-containing R genes comprise a large gene family in Medicago, at least some of which are transcribed in healthy plants, and that different Medicago species carry unique NBS genes. C1 Kansas State Univ, Genet Program, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Skinner, DZ (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 209 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 104 IS 8 BP 1283 EP 1289 DI 10.1007/s00122-001-0821-0 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 576HY UT WOS:000176999000009 ER PT J AU Capuco, AV Ellis, S Wood, DL Akers, RM Garrett, W AF Capuco, AV Ellis, S Wood, DL Akers, RM Garrett, W TI Postnatal mammary ductal growth: three-dimensional imaging of cell proliferation, effects of estrogen treatment, and expression of steroid receptors in prepubertal calves SO TISSUE & CELL LA English DT Article DE mammary gland; bromodeoxyuridine; estrogen receptor; progesterone receptor; myoepithelial cells; three-dimensional reconstruction ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY KI-67; IN-SITU LOCALIZATION; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; PROGESTERONE-RECEPTOR; GLAND DEVELOPMENT; NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; BASAL LAMINA; MOUSE; MORPHOGENESIS; HEIFERS AB Cows may provide insights into mammary development that are not easily obtained using mouse models. Mammary growth in control and estrogen-treated calves was investigated to evaluate general patterns of proliferation and relationship to estrogen receptor (ER) expression. After in vivo labeling with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), serial histological sections of mammary tissue were used to generate three-dimensional reconstructions. BrdU-labeled cells were present throughout the highly branched terminal ducts. ER and progesterone receptors (PR) were colocalized in nuclei of ductal epithelial cells. However, basal cells and epithelial cells that were located in the central region of epithelial cords and those that lined the lumen of patent ducts were ER- and PR-negative, as were stromal cells. Cells along the basal portion of the epithelium were not myoepithelial. ER in mammary epithelial cells but not stromal cells is analogous to patterns in human breast but contrasts with localization in murine mammary gland. After estrogen stimulation, 99% of BrdU-labeled (and Ki67-labeled) epithelial cells were ER-negative. Data suggest that proliferation in response to estrogen treatment was initiated within ER-positive epithelial cells of the developing mammary gland and the signal was propagated in paracrine fashion to stromal elements and ER-negative epithelial cells. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA ARS, Germplasm & Gamete Physiol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Capuco, AV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Bldg 200,BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 53 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 6 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0040-8166 J9 TISSUE CELL JI Tissue Cell PD JUN PY 2002 VL 34 IS 3 BP 143 EP 154 DI 10.1016/S0040-8166(02)00024-1 PG 12 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Cell Biology SC Anatomy & Morphology; Cell Biology GA 596ZM UT WOS:000178197200002 PM 12182807 ER PT J AU Ellis, S Capuco, AV AF Ellis, S Capuco, AV TI Cell proliferation in bovine mammary epithelium: identification of the primary proliferative cell population SO TISSUE & CELL LA English DT Article DE mammary stem cells; BrdU; prepubertal mammary development; ruminant ID GLAND; MARKERS AB Histologic analyses indicate that a lightly staining cell population present in mammary parenchyma may function as mammary stem cells. We performed an analysis of mammary epithelial cell proliferation in prepubertal bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-injected Holstein heifers to investigate this hypothesis. We observed light, dark, and intermediate staining cells in histologic sections stained with basic fuschin and azure II. Light cells comprised 10% of the total parenchymal cell population but accounted for 50% of the cell proliferation. Intermediate cells comprised 60% of the cell population and 43% of proliferating cells. Dark cells comprised 30% of the parenchymal cell population but only 7% of proliferating cells. The distribution of BrdU+ cells across basal, embedded, and lumenal parenchymal cell layers was correlated with the fraction of total parenchymal cells present in each layer (r = 0.99). However, the proportion of mitotic cells observed in the basal cell layer was only half of what would be predicted by the BrdU-labeling data. This observation suggests that some basal cells either arrest in G(2) or migrate into the suprabasal epithelial layers before undergoing mitosis. These results strongly support the concept that lightly staining mammary parenchymal cells are the primary proliferative cell population. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Capuco, AV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Bldg 200,BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 22 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 4 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0040-8166 J9 TISSUE CELL JI Tissue Cell PD JUN PY 2002 VL 34 IS 3 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1016/S0040-8166(02)00025-3 PG 9 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Cell Biology SC Anatomy & Morphology; Cell Biology GA 596ZM UT WOS:000178197200003 PM 12182808 ER PT J AU Enongene, EN Sharma, RP Bhandari, N Miller, JD Meredith, FI Voss, KA Riley, RT AF Enongene, EN Sharma, RP Bhandari, N Miller, JD Meredith, FI Voss, KA Riley, RT TI Persistence and reversibility of the elevation in free sphingoid bases induced by fumonisin inhibition of ceramide synthase SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fumonisin; fusarium verticillioides; sphingolipids; liver; kidney; gastrointestinal; ceramide synthase; serine palmitoyltransferase; ISP-1; LLC-PK1 cells ID FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; B-1; SPHINGANINE; CELLS; RATS; BIOSYNTHESIS; METABOLISM; KIDNEY; NEPHROTOXICITY; CONTAMINATION AB These studies determined (1) the time course for sphingoid base elevation in the small intestines, liver, and kidney of mice following a single 25 mg/kg body weight (bw) oral dose (high dose) of fumonisin B-1 (FB1), (2) the minimum threshold dose of FBI that would prolong the elevated sphingoid base concentration in kidney following the single high dose, and (3) the importance of the balance between the rate of sphingoid base biosynthesis and degradation in the persistence of sphingoid base accumulation. Following the high dose of FBI, there was an increase in sphinganine in intestinal cells and liver that peaked at 4 to 12 h and declined to near the control level by 48 h. In kidney, sphinganine peaked at 6-12 h but remained elevated until 72 h, approaching control levels at 96-120 h. Oral administration of 0.03 mg FB1/kg bw (low dose) for 5 days had no effect on the sphingoid bases in kidney. However, following an initial high dose, daily administration of the low dose prolonged the elevation in kidney sphinganine compared to mice receiving a single high dose. Thus, a single exposure to a high dose of FB1 followed by daily exposure at low levels will prolong the elevation of sphinganine in kidney. In cultured renal cells FB1 was rapidly eliminated, but elevated sphinganine was persistent. This persistence in renal cells was rapidly reversed in the presence of the serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor (ISP-1), indicating that the persistence was due to differences in the rates of sphinganine biosynthesis and degradation. The in vivo persistence in kidney may be due to similar differences. C1 ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Carleton Univ, Dept Chem, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP Riley, RT (reprint author), ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 30 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 67 IS 2 BP 173 EP 181 DI 10.1093/toxsci/67.2.173 PG 9 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 556MD UT WOS:000175852800004 PM 12011476 ER PT J AU Hubbard, RM Bond, BJ Senock, RS Ryan, MG AF Hubbard, RM Bond, BJ Senock, RS Ryan, MG TI Effects of branch height on leaf gas exchange, branch hydraulic conductance and branch sap flux in open-grown ponderosa pine SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE leaf specific conductance; Pinus ponderosa; photosynthesis; sap flow; stomatal conductance ID CARBON ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CANOPY CONDUCTANCE; BETULA-OCCIDENTALIS; XYLEM CAVITATION; WATER-STRESS; WOODY-PLANTS; TREE HEIGHT; SCOTS PINE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB Recent studies have shown that stomata respond to changes in hydraulic conductance of the flow path from soil to leaf. In open-grown tall trees, branches of different heights may have different hydraulic conductances because of differences in path length and growth. We determined if leaf gas exchange, branch sap flux, leaf specific hydraulic conductance, foliar carbon isotope composition (delta(13) C) and ratios of leaf area to sapwood area within branches were dependent on branch height (10 and 25 m 0 within the crowns of four open-grown ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) trees. We found no difference in leaf gas exchange or leaf specific hydraulic conductance from soil to leaf between the upper and lower canopy of our study trees. Branch sap flux per unit leaf area and per unit sapwood area did not differ between the 10- and 25-m canopy positions; however, branch sap flux per unit sapwood area at the 25-m position had consistently lower values. Branches at the 25-m canopy position had lower leaf to sapwood area ratios (0.17 m(2) cm(-1)) compared with branches at the 10-m position (0.27 m(2) cm(-2)) (P = 0.03). Leaf specific conductance of branches in the upper crown did not differ from that in the lower crown. Other studies at our site indicate lower hydraulic conductance, sap flux, whole-tree canopy conductance and photosynthesis in old trees compared with young trees. This study suggests that height alone may not explain these differences. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Hawaii, Coll Agr Forestry & Nat Resource Management, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP Hubbard, RM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Hubbard, Robert/J-6059-2012 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; NR 41 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 5 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 22 IS 8 BP 575 EP 581 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 561FV UT WOS:000176130300006 PM 12045029 ER PT J AU Scholz, FG Bucci, SJ Goldstein, G Meinzer, FC Franco, AC AF Scholz, FG Bucci, SJ Goldstein, G Meinzer, FC Franco, AC TI Hydraulic redistribution of soil water by neotropical savanna trees SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cerrado vegetation; heat pulse method; hydraulic lift; roots; sap flow ID SAP FLOW; ROOTS; WOODY; LIFT; PLANTS; PATTERNS; FOREST; EFFLUX AB The magnitude and direction of water transport by the roots of eight dominant Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) woody species were determined with a heat pulse system that allowed bidirectional measurements of sap flow. The patterns of sap flow observed during the dry season in species with dimorphic root systems were consistent with the occurrence of hydraulic redistribution of soil water, the movement of water from moist to drier regions of the soil profile via plant roots. In these species, shallow roots exhibited positive sap flow (from the soil into the plant) during the day and negative sap flow (from the plant into the soil) during the night. Sap flow in the taproots was positive throughout the 24-h period. Diel fluctuations in soil water potential, with maximum values occurring at night, provided evidence for partial rewetting of upper soil layers by water released from shallow roots. In other species, shallow roots exhibited negative sap flow during both the day and night, indicating that hydraulic redistribution was occurring continuously. A third sap flow pattern was observed at the end of the dry season after a heavy rainfall event when sap flow became negative in the taproot, and positive in the small roots, indicating movement of water from upper soil layers into shallow roots, and then into taproots and deeper soil layers. Experimental manipulations employed to evaluate the response of hydraulic redistribution to changes in plant and environmental conditions included watering the soil surface above shallow roots, decreasing transpiration by covering the plant and cutting roots where probes were inserted. Natural and manipulated patterns of sap flow in roots and stems were consistent with passive movement of water toward competing sinks in the soil and plant. Because dry shallow soil layers were often a stronger sink than the shoot, we suggest that the presence of a dimorphic root system in deciduous species may play a role in facilitating leaf expansion near the end of the dry season when the soil surrounding shallow lateral roots is still dry. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Biol, Lab Ecol Func, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Hawaii, Dept Bot, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Brasilia, Dept Bot, BR-70919970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Scholz, FG (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Biol, Lab Ecol Func, Ciudad Univ,Nunez, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RI Meinzer, Frederick/C-3496-2012; Franco, Augusto/B-1615-2008; OI Franco, Augusto/0000-0003-0869-5989; Bucci, Sandra Janet/0000-0003-1079-9277 NR 30 TC 69 Z9 89 U1 3 U2 16 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 22 IS 9 BP 603 EP 612 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 563FJ UT WOS:000176245400001 PM 12069916 ER PT J AU Stacey, G Koh, S Granger, C Becker, JM AF Stacey, G Koh, S Granger, C Becker, JM TI Peptide transport in plants SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; OLIGOPEPTIDE TRANSPORTER; MEMBRANE TRANSPORTERS; ABC TRANSPORTERS; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; AMINO-ACIDS; IN-VIVO; GENE AB Recent completion of the Arabidopsis genome revealed that this organism has ten times more peptide transporters than any other sequenced organism (prokaryote or eukaryote). These transporters are found in three protein families: the ABC-type transporters; the di- and tripeptide transporters; and the newly described tetra- and pentapeptide oligopetide transporters. The abundance of these transporters suggests that they play diverse and important roles in plant growth and development. Possible substrates for these transporters include glutathione, gamma-glutamyl peptides, hormone-amino acid conjugates, phytosulfokine, peptide-like compounds and peptide phytotoxins. However, the exact role of peptide transport in plants is still undefined. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, USDA ARS, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Stacey, G (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM staceyg@missouri.edu NR 61 TC 78 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 7 IS 6 BP 257 EP 263 AR PII S1360-1385(02)02249-5 DI 10.1016/S1360-1385(02)02249-5 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 561ZF UT WOS:000176172400009 PM 12049922 ER PT J AU Colodel, EM Gardner, DR Zlotowski, P Driemeier, D AF Colodel, EM Gardner, DR Zlotowski, P Driemeier, D TI Identification of swainsonine as a glycoside inhibitor responsible for Sida carpinifolia poisoning SO VETERINARY AND HUMAN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GOATS AB The indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine has been identified as the toxic constituent of Sida carpinifolia, a native perennial shrub-like plant, reported to produce neurological disorders in goats and ponies in southern Brazil. Swainsonine was detected in dry ground plant material after extraction and analysis by both liquid and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The swainsonine concentration was 0.006% on a dry weight basis. The clinical and pathological features of this lysosomal storage disease were similar to those observed in Swainsona, Oxytropis, Astragalus, and Ipomoea poisonings with multiple cytoplasm vacuoles in neurons, acinar pancreatic cells, hepatocytes, and renal tubular cells. C1 FUFMT, Dept Vet Pathol, Mato Grosso, Brazil. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. UFRGS, Dept Vet Pathol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. UFRGS, Dept Vet Pathol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. RP Colodel, EM (reprint author), FUFMT, Dept Vet Pathol, Mato Grosso, Brazil. RI Driemeier, David/H-3461-2012; COLODEL, EDSON MOLETA/I-4798-2015 OI Driemeier, David/0000-0003-3766-0654; NR 9 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 5 PU COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY LAB PI MANHATTAN PA KANSAS STATE UNIV, MANHATTAN, KS 66506-5606 USA SN 0145-6296 J9 VET HUM TOXICOL JI Vet. Human Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 44 IS 3 BP 177 EP 178 PG 2 WC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences SC Toxicology; Veterinary Sciences GA 558LH UT WOS:000175967600016 PM 12046976 ER PT J AU Brooks, RT Hayashi, M AF Brooks, RT Hayashi, M TI Depth-area-volume and hydroperiod relationships of ephemeral (vernal) forest pools in southern New England SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE ephemeral forest pools; hydroperiod; pool morphometry; vernal pools ID WETLAND HYDROLOGY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SPECIES RICHNESS; TEMPORARY PONDS; COASTAL-PLAIN; USA; GROUNDWATER; PATTERNS; WATER; SIZE AB Ephemeral or "vernal" pools occur commonly throughout the forests of the northeastern United States and adjacent eastern Canada. These pools are critical breeding habitat for a number of amphibian species and support a diverse invertebrate community. The hydroperiod or duration of surface water of vernal pools affects faunal composition and reproduction. We conducted bathymetric surveys of 34 vernal pools located in central Massachusetts in early spring when the pools were at maximum extent after receiving snowmelt runoff. With these data, we estimated maximum pool depths, surface areas, perimeters, volumes, and basin profile coefficients. We calculated relative hydroperiod indices for the pools based on the presence or absence of surface water during periodic pool visits over the three-year study. The ranges of estimated pool morphological parameters were 0.11-0.94 m for maximum depth, 68-2941 m(2) for maximum surface area, 6-506 m(3) for maximum volume, and 30-388 m for maximum perimeter. Basin profile coefficients ranged between 0.60 (convex) and 2.24 (concave), with a median value of 1.02 (straight slope). Maximum pool depth was positively correlated with area and perimeter, but the correlations were only moderately strong, and there were many shallow pools with large surface areas. Correlations between basin profile coefficients and other morphological parameters were weak or non-significant. Maximum pool volume was proportional to the product of area and depth, but the proportionality constant was dependent on the basin profile coefficient. Relative hydroperiod was weakly correlated with pool morphometry; the strongest relationship was found between hydroperiod and maximum pool volume. In general terms, pools with a maximum depth greater than 0.5 m, a maximum surface area larger than 1000 m(2), or a maximum volume greater than 100 m(3) had surface water more than 80% of the times they were visited. In contrast, shallower pools, smaller pools, or pools with lesser volumes had varying hydroperiods. The weak relationships between pool morphometry and hydroperiod indicate that other factors, including temporal patterns of precipitation and evapotranspiration and ground-water exchange may have significant influence on vernal pool hydrology and hydroperiod. C1 Univ Massachusetts, USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Calgary, Dept Geol & Geophys, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Brooks, RT (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, USDA, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, 201 Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RI Brooks, Robert/E-9955-2011; Hayashi, Masaki/E-2600-2012 NR 47 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 43 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD JUN PY 2002 VL 22 IS 2 BP 247 EP 255 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2002)022[0247:DAVAHR]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 567FW UT WOS:000176475600005 ER PT J AU Schmidt, MC Askew, EW Roberts, DE Prior, RL Ensign, WY Hesslink, RE AF Schmidt, MC Askew, EW Roberts, DE Prior, RL Ensign, WY Hesslink, RE TI Oxidative stress in humans training in a cold, moderate altitude environment and their response to a phytochemical antioxidant supplement SO WILDERNESS & ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE oxidative stress; altitude; antioxidants; phytochemicals; exercise; vitamin E; beta-carotene; ascorbic acid; 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine; pentane; malondialdehyde; oxygen radical absorption capacity; ferric-reducing ability of plasma; lipid hydroperoxides ID LIPID-PEROXIDATION; VITAMIN-C; DNA-DAMAGE; EXERCISE; CAROTENOIDS; ASSAY; URINE; 8-HYDROXY-2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE; BIOMARKER; CAPACITY AB Objective.-This study examined the effectiveness of an antioxidant mixture containing vitamin E, P-carotene, ascorbic acid, selenium, a-lipoic acid, N-acetyl 1-cysteine, catechin, lutein, and lycopene to reduce oxidative stress in US Marines undergoing 24 days of cold-weather field training at a moderate altitude. Methods.-Forty physically active male volunteers (ages 18-40) were randomly assigned to a treatment (antioxidant) group (n = 21) or a control (placebo) group (n = 19). Breath pentane (BP), serum lipid hydroperoxides (LPO), urine malondialdehyde (MDA), urine 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and serum and urine oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) were measured as indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Urine was sampled at days 0, 12, and 24. Serum and breath were sampled on days 0 and 24. Results.-Both groups exhibited increased levels of oxidative stress after 24 days of field training, as indicated by an increased LPO, pentane, and 8-OHdG. There was no significant difference between the treatment and placebo groups at day 24; however, there was some indication that test subjects with initially low antioxidant capacity (ORAC) may have benefited from the antioxidant supplement. Conclusions.-An increased level of oxidative stress was associated with high levels of physical exertion of training in a cold environment at moderate altitude. The antioxidant mixture tested did not attenuate the mean oxidative stress levels in the entire group of test subjects, but it may have reduced the oxidative stress of some individuals with low initial antioxidant status. C1 Univ Utah, Div Foods & Nutr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Nat Alternat Int, San Marino, CA USA. USDA ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, Little Rock, AR USA. Naval Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. RP Askew, EW (reprint author), Univ Utah, Div Foods & Nutr, 250 S 1850 East,HPR N-239, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 59 TC 45 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILDERNESS MEDICAL SOC PI COLORADO SPRINGS PA 3595 E FOUNTAIN BLVD, STE A1, COLORADO SPRINGS, CO 80910 USA SN 1080-6032 J9 WILD ENVIRON MED JI Wildern. Environ. Med. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 13 IS 2 BP 94 EP 105 DI 10.1580/1080-6032(2002)013[0094:OSIHTI]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences GA 566YV UT WOS:000176456600002 PM 12092978 ER PT J AU Blackwell, BF Stapanian, MA Weseloh, DVC AF Blackwell, BF Stapanian, MA Weseloh, DVC TI Dynamics of the double-crested cormorant population on Lake Ontario SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE double-crested cormorant; Lake Ontario; Phalacrocorax auritus; population dynamics; population management; stage-classified matrix model ID PHALACROCORAX-AURITUS; GREAT-LAKES; PENOBSCOT RIVER; MANAGEMENT; MODEL; PARAMETERS; VIABILITY; GULL; SIZE; PRODUCTIVITY AB After nearly 30 years of recolonization and expansion across North America, the double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) occupies the role of a perceived and, in some situations, realized threat to fish stocks and other resources. However, population data necessary to plan, defend, and implement management of this species are few. Our purpose was to gain insight into the relative contribution of various population parameters to the overall rate of population growth and identify data needs critical to improving our understanding of the dynamics of double-crested cormorant populations. We demonstrated the construction of a biologically reasonable representation of cormorant population growth on Lake Ontario (1979-2000) by referencing literature values for fertility, age at first breeding, and survival. These parameters were incorporated into a deterministic stage-classified matrix model. By calculating the elasticity of matrix elements (i.e., stage-specific fertility and survival), we found that cormorant population growth on Lake Ontario was most sensitive to survival of birds about to turn age 3 and older. Finally, we demonstrated how this information could be used to evaluate management scenarios and direct future research by simulating potential environmental effects on fertility and survival, as well as a 5-year egg-oiling program. We also demonstrated that survival of older birds exerts more effective population control than changes in fertility. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. US Geol Survey, Lake Erie Biol Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. Canadian Wildlife Serv, Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. RP Blackwell, BF (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Ohio Field Stn, 6100 Columbus Ave, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. OI Stapanian, Martin/0000-0001-8173-4273 NR 64 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 345 EP 353 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 573HF UT WOS:000176822700006 ER PT J AU Moruzzi, TL Fuller, TK DeGraaf, RM Brooks, RT Li, WJ AF Moruzzi, TL Fuller, TK DeGraaf, RM Brooks, RT Li, WJ TI Assessing remotely triggered cameras for surveying carnivore distribution SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE black bear; camera; Canis latrans; carnivores; coyote; distribution; fisher; Martes pennanti; Procyon lotor; raccoon; Ursus americanus ID WILDLIFE; PHOTOGRAPHY; POPULATIONS; FISHERS; SYSTEM; FOREST AB Documenting the distribution of elusive carnivores is difficult, but remotely triggered cameras may be a cost-effective, non-invasive technique that can supplement harvest-based or other observational data. To assess their utility, we surveyed a 1,032-km(2) area of Vermont using 35-mm cameras connected to pressure plates at bait stations. We sought to photograph all carnivore species believed to reside in the area and to document species-specific habitat relationships. During June-October 1997-1998, we systematically placed camera stations at >1 km intervals to assess the effects of forest cover type (deciduous vs. coniferous-dominated forest stands), distance from edge (<400 m or greater than or equal to500 m from permanent agricultural and residential edges), levels of human-related development (relatively high and low), and type of camera set. WE! ran surveys for 21-day sampling periods during 1997 (n=131 stations) and 1998 (n=154 stations). We obtained photos of all expected species. Raccoons (Procyon lotor, n=67 stations) and coyotes (Canis latrans, n=17 stations) preferred edge sites. Black bears (Ursus americanus, n=15 stations) preferred interior sites and were photographed only in the more forested and less densely populated eastern half of the study site. Fishers (Mantes pennanti, n=47 stations) also occurred more often in the eastern half of the study area and in coniferous forest types. We were unable to detect any effect of set type on carnivore distribution. This method appeared useful for estimating species distribution over large areas and for documenting species-specific habitat relationships. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resource Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Moruzzi, TL (reprint author), Massachusetts Div Fisheries & Wildlife, Field Headquarters, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. EM tkfuller@forwild.umass.edu RI Li, Wenjun/F-5634-2015 OI Li, Wenjun/0000-0001-5335-7386 NR 35 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 380 EP 386 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 573HF UT WOS:000176822700010 ER PT J AU Gee, KL Holman, JH Causey, MK Rossi, AN Armstrong, JB AF Gee, KL Holman, JH Causey, MK Rossi, AN Armstrong, JB TI Aging white-tailed deer by tooth replacement and wear: a critical evaluation of a time-honored technique SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE aging; known-age; Odocoileus virginianus; Oklahoma; tooth wear; white-tailed deer AB The ability to accurately assign adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to specific year age-classes is important in making management decisions and interpreting management and research results. We attempted to validate or modify the widely used and accepted technique of tooth replacement and wear for aging adult white-tailed deer (Severinghaus 1949) on a study area in south-central Oklahoma. A sample of 106 jawbones or dental casts from known-age deer was accumulated for study. Tooth replacement and wear characteristics allowed us to confidently place deer into 3 basic age-classes only (i.e., fawn, yearling, and adult). Attempts to assign adult deer to specific year-classes with this traditional technique were very inaccurate. Thirty-four white-tailed deer biologists from various southeastern states who attempted to correctly age our collection of known-age jawbones and dental casts using the Severinghaus (1949) method or modifications thereof also failed 60% of the time for deer >2 years old. Measuring and comparing heights of buccal and lingual crests of molars from jawbones of known-age deer did not distinguish between years. Our findings do not support the efficacy of using tooth wear to accurately age deer beyond the general categories of fawn, yearling, and adult. C1 Noble Fdn Inc, Wildlife Unit, Allen, OK 74825 USA. Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Auburn Univ, USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Gee, KL (reprint author), Noble Fdn Inc, Wildlife Unit, Rt 1,Box 339, Allen, OK 74825 USA. NR 18 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 387 EP 393 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 573HF UT WOS:000176822700011 ER PT J AU Sidle, JG Johnson, DH Euliss, BR Tooze, M AF Sidle, JG Johnson, DH Euliss, BR Tooze, M TI Monitoring black-tailed prairie dog colonies with high-resolution satellite imagery SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE black-tailed prairie dog; Cynomys ludovicianus; Great Plains; Ikonos; remote sensing; satellite imagery AB The United States Fish and Wildlife Service has determined that the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) warrants listing as a threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. Central to any conservation planning for the black-tailed prairie dog is an appropriate detection and monitoring technique. Because coarse-resolution satellite imagery is not adequate to detect black-tailed prairie dog colonies, we examined the usefulness of recently available high-resolution (1-m) satellite imagery. In 6 purchased scenes of national grasslands, we were easily able to visually detect small and large colonies without using image-processing algorithms. The Ikonos (Space Imaging(TM)) satellite imagery was as adequate as large-scale aerial photography to delineate colonies. Based on the high quality of imagery, we discuss a possible monitoring program for black-tailed prairie dog colonies throughout the Great Plains, using the species' distribution in North Dakota as an example. Monitoring plots could be established and imagery acquired periodically to track the expansion and contraction of colonies. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Great Plains Natl Grasslands, Chadron, NE 69337 USA. US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, Jamestown, ND 58401 USA. GIS Workshop Inc, Lincoln, NE 68521 USA. RP Sidle, JG (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Great Plains Natl Grasslands, 125 N Main St, Chadron, NE 69337 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 405 EP 411 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 573HF UT WOS:000176822700013 ER PT J AU Carey, AB AF Carey, AB TI Response of northern flying squirrels to supplementary dens SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE cavities; dens; forest management; Glaucomys sabrinus; limiting factors; nest boxes; northern flying squirrels; predation; wildlife management ID SPOTTED OWLS; FORESTS; OREGON; SIZE AB The northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) is a keystone species in Pacific Northwest conifer forests, consuming and disseminating spores of ectomycorrhizal fungi essential to Pinaceae and preyed upon by different vertebrate predators. Increasing the numbers of flying squirrels has been suggested as part of a strategy to increase the population viability of the spotted owl (Strix occidentalis). Flying squirrel populations in second-growth forests have been hypothesized to be limited by 1) abundance of den sites, 2) quality, quantity, and diversity of food, and 3) predation. I conducted an experiment to test the null hypothesis that number and quality of dens did not affect flying squirrel population density. In 1992, I added nest boxes and tree cavities to 8 of 16 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) stands of various management histories in the Puget Trough of Washington. Flying squirrel use of boxes increased over 5 years, predominantly by pregnant and nursing females. Proportions of adult females breeding, however, did not increase. Population sizes did not increase significantly. Dens were not the overriding factor limiting flying squirrels in second-growth Douglas-fir forest in the Puget Trough of Washington. Rather, a complex of factors seemed to be operating, and limiting management focus to one or 2 factors may not produce desirable results. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Carey, AB (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. EM acarey@fs.fed.us NR 46 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 547 EP 556 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 573HF UT WOS:000176822700031 ER PT J AU Cooper, AB Stewart, F Unsworth, JW Kuck, L McArthur, TJ Rachael, JS AF Cooper, AB Stewart, F Unsworth, JW Kuck, L McArthur, TJ Rachael, JS TI Incorporating economic impacts into wildlife management decisions SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE elk; hunter expenditures; Idaho; IMPLAN; input-output model; management ID RECREATION; CHOICE AB Economic impact analysis can help managers to account for and track impacts of wildlife-related recreation. Using elk (Cervus elaphus) hunting in Idaho as a case study, we discuss application of economic impact analysis at statewide and local scales. We applied it to choosing between management actions and looking at the impact of the general trend of decreased participation in hunting. We explored the sensitivity of these impacts to misspecification of the spending profiles at the local scale. We also demonstrate how some sectors of the economy may be more sensitive than others to these economic impacts by accounting for differences in spending patterns between residents and nonresidents. C1 Univ Washington, Quantitat Ecol & Resources Management Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, Missoula, MT 59804 USA. Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Nampa, ID 83686 USA. RP Cooper, AB (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, 222 Kendall Hall, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RI Cooper, Andrew/C-1655-2010 OI Cooper, Andrew/0000-0001-6027-8272 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SUM PY 2002 VL 30 IS 2 BP 565 EP 574 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 573HF UT WOS:000176822700033 ER PT J AU Rudolph, DC Conner, RN Schaefer, RR AF Rudolph, DC Conner, RN Schaefer, RR TI Red-cockaded woodpecker foraging behavior in relation to midstory vegetation SO WILSON BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; HABITAT; FLORIDA AB Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) nest and forage in pine-dominated forests. Research indicates that substantial hardwood midstory encroachment is detrimental to Red-cockaded Woodpecker populations, although the exact mechanisms are unknown. We examined foraging behavior in relation to midstory between August 1989 and February 1990. Red-cockaded Woodpeckers foraged at greater heights in areas of taller and denser midstory in the loblolly-shortleaf pine (Pinus taeda and P. echinata, respectively) habitat, but not in longleaf pine (P. palustris) habitat with less-developed midstory vegetation than typical of loblolly-shortleaf pine habitat. In addition, Red-cockaded Woodpeckers concentrated foraging activities in or adjacent to forest stands or openings with reduced midstory vegetation. Overall, Red-cockaded Woodpeckers foraged disproportionately at heights and sites that minimized their exposure to dense midstory conditions. These results suggest that ecosystem management, preferably using prescribed fire, that reduces midstory vegetation will improve foraging habitat for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers. C1 US Forest Serv, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. RP Rudolph, DC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Wildlife Habitat & Silviculture Lab, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILSON ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI ANN ARBOR PA MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA SN 0043-5643 J9 WILSON BULL JI Wilson Bull. PD JUN PY 2002 VL 114 IS 2 BP 235 EP 242 DI 10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0235:RCWFBI]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 620LV UT WOS:000179535600011 ER PT J AU Fanta, GF Felker, RC Shogren, RL Salch, JH AF Fanta, GF Felker, RC Shogren, RL Salch, JH TI Formation of hydrophilic starch coatings on polyethylene films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE polyethylene; starch; amylose; coating ID STEAM JET COOKING; COLORIMETRIC PROCEDURE; CEREAL STARCHES; AMYLOSE; LIPIDS AB Thin starch coatings were deposited onto polyethylene (PE) film surfaces when PE films were immersed in 1% jet cooked starch solutions and the hot solutions were allowed to cool. Normal cornstarch, waxy cornstarch, high amylose cornstarch, and solvent-extracted normal cornstarch (to remove native lipid) were used in these experiments. Amounts of adsorbed starch varied from about 0.03-0.05 mg per cm(2) of PE, and these starch coatings imparted hydrophilic properties to film surfaces, as evidenced by contact angle measurements. Although starch could be removed by gently rubbing water-wet PE surfaces, air-dried coatings were more firmly attached, and did not separate from the PE surface when films were bent or flexed. SEM images of starch-coated film surfaces showed that starch was deposited as particles less than I mum in diameter, and also as aggregates of these submicron particles. Despite the fact that some starch samples contained only very small amounts of amylose and native lipid, surface-deposited starch in all experiments contained 90-100% amylose; and exhibited the same V-h. X-ray diffraction pattern, indicative of helical inclusion complex formation. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Fanta, GF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD MAY 31 PY 2002 VL 84 IS 9 BP 1781 EP 1788 DI 10.1002/app.10589 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 532HV UT WOS:000174469000015 ER PT J AU Showalter, AD Smith, TPL Bennett, GL Sloop, KW Whitsett, JA Rhodes, SJ AF Showalter, AD Smith, TPL Bennett, GL Sloop, KW Whitsett, JA Rhodes, SJ TI Differential conservation of transcriptional domains of mammalian Prophet of Pit-1 proteins revealed by structural studies of the bovine gene and comparative functional analysis of the protein SO GENE LA English DT Article DE pituitary; ovulation; alleles; homeodomain; human ID PITUITARY-HORMONE DEFICIENCY; AMES DWARF GENE; NUCLEAR MATRIX; OVULATION RATE; HOMEODOMAIN; EXPRESSION; CATTLE; ACTIVATION; EXPANSION; PROP-1 AB The Prophet of Pit-1 (PROP1) gene encodes a paired class homeodomain transcription factor that is exclusively expressed in the developing mammalian pituitary gland. PROP1 function is essential for anterior pituitary organogenesis, and heritable mutations in the gene are associated with combined pituitary hormone deficiency in human patients and animals. By cloning the bovine PROP1 gene and by comparative analysis, we demonstrate that the homeodomains and carboxyl termini of mammalian PROP1 proteins are highly conserved while the amino termini are diverged. Whereas the carboxyl termini of the human and bovine PROP1 proteins contain potent transcriptional activation domains, the amino termini and homeodomains have repressive activities. The bovine PROP1 gene has four exons and three introns and maps, to a region of chromosome seven carrying a quantitative trait locus affecting ovulation rate. Two alleles of the bovine gene were found that encode distinct protein products with different DNA binding and transcriptional activities. These experiments demonstrate that mammalian PROP1 genes encode proteins with complex regulatory capacities and that modest changes in protein sequence can significantly alter the activity of this pituitary developmental transcription factor. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Rhodes, SJ (reprint author), Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, 723 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD MAY 29 PY 2002 VL 291 IS 1-2 BP 211 EP 221 AR PII S0378-1119(02)00599-1 DI 10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00599-1 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 574RT UT WOS:000176903900022 PM 12095694 ER PT J AU Petnicki-Ocwieja, T Schneider, DJ Tam, VC Chancey, ST Shan, L Jamir, Y Schechter, LM Janes, MD Buell, CR Tang, XY Collmer, A Alfano, JR AF Petnicki-Ocwieja, T Schneider, DJ Tam, VC Chancey, ST Shan, L Jamir, Y Schechter, LM Janes, MD Buell, CR Tang, XY Collmer, A Alfano, JR TI Genomewide identification of proteins secreted by the Hrp type III protein secretion system of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID AGROBACTERIUM-TUMEFACIENS C58; DISEASE RESISTANCE LOCUS; FLANK AVIRULENCE GENES; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; MESSENGER-RNA; PATHOGENICITY ISLAND; PLANT PATHOGEN; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE; SIGNALS AB The ability of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 to be pathogenic on plants depends on the Hrp (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity) type III protein secretion system and the effector proteins it translocates into plant cells. Through iterative application of experimental and computational techniques, the DC3000 effector inventory has been substantially enlarged. Five homologs of known avirulence (Ayr) proteins and five effector candidates, encoded by genes with putative Hrp promoters and signatures of horizontal acquisition, were demonstrated to be secreted in culture and/or translocated into Arabidopsis in a Hrp-dependent manner. These 10 Hrp-dependent outer proteins (Hops) were designated HopPtoC (AvrPpiC2 homolog), HopPtoD1 and HopPtoD2 (AvrPphD homologs), HopPtoK (AvrRps4 homolog), HopPtoJ (AvrXv3 homolog), HopPtoE, HopPtoG, HopPtoH, HopPtol, and HopPtoS1 (an ADP-ribosyltransferase homolog). Analysis of the enlarged collection of proteins traveling the Hrp pathway in P. syringae revealed an export-associated pattern of equivalent solvent-exposed amino acids in the N-terminal five positions, a lack of Asp or Glu residues in the first 12 positions, and amphipathicity in the first 50 positions. These characteristics were used to search the unfinished DC3000 genome, yielding 32 additional candidate effector genes that predicted proteins with Hrp export signals and that also possessed signatures of horizontal acquisition. Among these were genes encoding additional ADP-ribosyltransferases, a homolog of SrfC (a candidate effector in Salmonella enterica), a catalase, and a glucokinase. One ADP-ribosyltransferase and the SrfC homolog were tested and shown to be secreted in a Hrp-dependent manner. These proteins, designated HopPtoS2 and HopPtoL, respectively, bring the DC3000 Hrp-secreted protein inventory to 22. C1 Univ Nebraska, Plant Sci Initiat, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Plant Pathol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Cornell Univ, Cornell Theory Ctr, USDA ARS, Ctr Agr Bioinformat, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Alfano, JR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Plant Sci Initiat, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RI Schneider, David/H-2236-2012 OI Schneider, David/0000-0002-2124-8385 NR 42 TC 192 Z9 206 U1 1 U2 16 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 28 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 11 BP 7652 EP 7657 DI 10.1073/pnas.112183899 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 557KW UT WOS:000175908600060 PM 12032338 ER PT J AU Kim, H Jang, YS Hou, CT AF Kim, H Jang, YS Hou, CT TI Effect of metal ions on the production of isomeric 9,10,13 (9,12,13)-trihydroxy-11E (10E)-octadecenoic acid from linoleic acid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Young Asian Biochemical Engineers Community Symposium CY OCT 28-30, 2001 CL E CHINA UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, SHANGHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA SP State Key Lab Bioreactor Engn HO E CHINA UNIV SCI & TECHNOL DE bioconversion; hydroxy fatty acid; metal ion effect; Pseudomonas ID FATTY-ACIDS; SOYBEAN LIPOXYGENASE-1; OLEIC-ACID; IDENTIFICATION; HYDROPEROXIDE; CONVERSION; COMPOUND; CHEMISTRY AB Hydroxy fatty acids have gained important attentions because of their special properties such as higher viscosity and reactivity compared with other non-hydroxy fatty acids. Previously we reported that a novel bacterial strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3 converted linoleic acid to the equimolar mixture of two compounds, 9,10,13- trihydroxy-11 (E)-octadecenoic acid (9,10,13-THOD) and 9,12,13-trihydroxy-10(E)-octadecenoic acid (9,12,13-THOD) which showed anti-fungal activities (Kim. H. Gardner. H.W., Hou, C.T., J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2000. 25, 109-115). In this study we report for the first time the effect of several Metal ions as catalytic agents of lipid peroxidation on the production of total THODs by PR3. Among eight different metal ions tested. Fe+2 and Cu+2 were effective to produce THODs. However bacterial growth was not significantly affected by the existence of metal ions tested. Fe+2 ion requirement was specific to THOD production from linoleic acid but not to other incorporation of dihydroxyl group on oleic acid and ricinoleic acid by PR3. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Ctr, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Chonbuk Natl Univ, Div Biol Sci, Chonju 561756, South Korea. Chonbuk Natl Univ, Inst Mol Biol & Genet, Chonju 561756, South Korea. RP Kim, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genom & Bioproc Res Ctr, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD MAY 27 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 6 BP 752 EP 757 AR PII S0141-0229(02)00053-4 DI 10.1016/S0141-0229(02)00053-4 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 558HX UT WOS:000175961200012 ER PT J AU Araba, A Byers, FM Guessous, F AF Araba, A Byers, FM Guessous, F TI Patterns of rumen fermentation in bulls fed barley/molasses diets SO ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rumen fermentation; molasses; barley; cattle ID NITROGEN-UTILIZATION; LIVEWEIGHT GAIN; MOLASSES; CATTLE; DIGESTION; SILAGE; ENERGY; STEERS; SHEEP; SUPPLEMENTATION AB Four ruminally fistulated bulls were used in a Latin square design to determine the effect of 0, 20,40 or 60% sugar beet molasses (dry matter (DM) basis) on rumen fermentation. The basal diet consisted of straw (12%), barley (respectively 74, 54, 34 or 14%) and sunflower meal (9%). All diets were balanced for protein and minerals and supplemented with monensin (4 ppm) and sodium bicarbonate (1%). The cattle were fed twice daily, at 08:00 and 16:00. Ruminal fluid samples were collected at 08:00, 10:00, 12;00, 16:00, 18:00, 20:00, 00:00 and 04:00. The pH increased (P < 0.05) from 6.23 to 6.69 hours below pH 6.25 decreased (P < 0.05) from 12.0 to 0.0 and area below pH 6.25 decreased (P < 0.05) from 0.30 to 0.0 h with increasing quantities of molasses in the diet. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration was 60.3, 66.0, 61.8 and 57.4 mmol/l for 0, 20, 40, and 60% molasses diets, respectively. Propionate, isobutyrate and isovalerate proportions decreased (P < 0.05) and those of butyrate increased (P < 0.05) with molasses level. The acetate: propionate ratio increased (P < 0.05) from 2.8 to 3.1 and to 3.7 as the level of molasses in the diet increased from 0 to 20 and 40%. but amounted to 3.3 at the level of 60%. Ammonia-N decreased (P < 0.05) from 20.2 to 17.8, 14.4 and 12.1 mmolA with increasing molasses content of the diet. The molasses effect, while consistent with other research on rumen fermentation, was less marked than expected. reflecting fermentation moderation through monensin and stabilization with bicarbonate buffer. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Agron & Vet Hassan, Dept Anim Prod, Rabat 10101, Morocco. USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Araba, A (reprint author), Inst Agron & Vet Hassan, Dept Anim Prod, BP 6202, Rabat 10101, Morocco. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-8401 J9 ANIM FEED SCI TECH JI Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. PD MAY 24 PY 2002 VL 97 IS 1-2 BP 53 EP 64 AR PII S0377-8401(01)00357-1 DI 10.1016/S0377-8401(01)00357-1 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 564WR UT WOS:000176337000004 ER PT J AU Barros, MM Lim, C Klesius, PH AF Barros, MM Lim, C Klesius, PH TI Effect of soybean meal replacement by cottonseed meal and iron supplementation on growth, immune response and resistance of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus puctatus) to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE iron; cottonseed meal; soybean meal; growth response; chemotaxis; antibody titers; disease resistance ID DIETARY IRON; PUNCTATUS; METHIONINE; GOSSYPOL; SULFATE AB Three basal diets containing 0%, 27.5% and 55.0% solvent-extracted cottonseed meal (CSM) as replacements of 0%, 50% and 100% of solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM) on an equal nitrogen basis were each supplemented with three levels of iron (40, 336 and 671 mg/kg) from ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (3 X 3 factorial experiment), Each diet was fed to juvenile channel catfish in triplicate aquaria twice daily to apparent satiation for 10 weeks for subsequent determination of growth response, hematology, specific and non-specific immune response, and mortality following Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge, Fish fed diets containing 27.5% CSM as a replacement of 50% of SBM had improved weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency ratio (FER). Total replacement of SBM by 55.0% CSM decreased WG, feed intake (FI) and FER. Total cell count (TCC), red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) were not affected by dietary levels of CSM. Iron supplementation significantly affected TCC and RBC and maximum values of these parameters were obtained at 336 mg of iron/kg diet. However, Ht and Hb were not affected by increasing levels of supplemental iron. Values for TCC, RBC and Hb were significantly affected by the interaction between dietary levels of CSM and iron. For fish fed the diet containing 0% CSM (SBM-based diets), these parameters increased linearly with increasing dietary levels of iron. When CSM levels were increased to 27.5% or higher, 336 mg supplemental iron was sufficient for maximum hematological values. Macrophage chemotaxis in the presence of exoantigen was significantly higher for fish fed diets containing 55.0% CSM as compared to those fed the lower CSM diets. Agglutinating antibody titers were also significantly higher for fish fed diets containing CSM, but the values did not differ for those fed the 27.5% or 55.0% CSM diets. Dietary levels of iron, and interactions between dietary levels of iron and CSM had no effect on macrophage chemotaxis and antibody titers. Cumulative mortality at 15 days post-challenge was significantly higher for fish fed the SBM-based diet (0% CSM) at 54.4% as compared to 35.0% and 21.6% for those fed the 27.5% and 55.0% CSM diets, respectively. No differences were observed among mortality of fish fed the CSM-containing diets. Dietary levels of iron supplementation, and the interactions between dietary levels of iron and CSM had no effect on post-challenged mortality of fish. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, MSA, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Lim, C (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, MSA, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RI BARROS, MARGARIDA MARIA/C-6405-2013 OI BARROS, MARGARIDA MARIA/0000-0003-0611-2751 NR 45 TC 66 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAY 24 PY 2002 VL 207 IS 3-4 BP 263 EP 279 AR PII S0044-8486(01)00740-2 DI 10.1016/S0044-8486(01)00740-2 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 558KD UT WOS:000175964100007 ER PT J AU Liu, JG Benedict, CR Stipanovic, RD Magill, CW Bell, AA AF Liu, JG Benedict, CR Stipanovic, RD Magill, CW Bell, AA TI Cloning and expression of desoxyhemigossypol-6-O-methyltransferase from cotton (Gossypium barbadense) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Gossypium barbadense; desoxyhemigossypol; expression in Escherichia coli; desoxyhemigossypol-6-methyl ether; host defense; terpene phytoalexins ID PLANT O-METHYLTRANSFERASES; TERPENOID PHYTOALEXINS; GENES; DEOXYINOSINE AB Terpenoids play an important role in defense against insects and pathogens in cotton. These terpenoids contain phenolic groups. Metabolites in which the phenolic group has been converted to a methoxy group are less toxic to most insects and pathogens and thus may alter resistance. Here is reported the cloning of a gene from Gossypium barbadense that encodes the enzyme that methylates the phenolic group of desoxyhemigossypol (dHG) exclusively at the 6-position, dHG-6-O-methyltransferase (dHG-6-OMT). Partial peptide sequences from digests of purified dHG-6-OMT were used to design primers for RT-PCR amplification of cDNA fragments from poly(A) mRNA. Fragments were extended to full length using 5' and 3' RACE. The resulting cDNA codes for a 365-residue polypeptide with a calculated molecular weight of 40.6 kDa, in agreement with the molecular mass of purified dHG-6-OMT. When expressed in Escherichia coli, the bacterial lysates showed a high specificity for the methylation of desoxyhemigossypol, differentiating the cloned gene from other pathogen-induced methyltransferases. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Stipanovic, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, Route 5, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 22 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 11 BP 3165 EP 3172 DI 10.1021/jf011701y PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 553QN UT WOS:000175687100017 PM 12009981 ER PT J AU Harry-O'Kuru, RE Carriere, CJ AF Harry-O'Kuru, RE Carriere, CJ TI Synthesis, rheological characterization, and constitutive Modeling of polyhydroxy triglycerides derived from milkweed oil SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE milkweed oil; epoxidation; polyhydroxyl triglyceride; rheology ID DENSITY POLYETHYLENE MELT; ELONGATIONAL FLOW; FATTY-ACIDS; SHEAR AB Asclepias syriaca L., the common milkweed, is a new industrial crop. The seed contains about 20-30wt% of a highly unsaturated oil having unusual fatty acids. Exploring value-added products from the oil, milkweed trglycerides have been oxidized by in situ performic acid to the polyoxirane and polyhydroxy triglycerides (PHTG). The rheological properties of milkweed PHTG were characterized in various shear flows. Milkweed PHTG displayed nonlinear viscoelastic behavior at applied strains greater than 1%. Milkweed PHTG was found to obey time-strain separability. A nonlinear Wagner constitutive model was used successfully to qualitatively predict the behavior of milkweed PHTG in both start-up and cessation of steady-state shear flow. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Harry-O'Kuru, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 22 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 11 BP 3214 EP 3221 DI 10.1021/jf011464z PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 553QN UT WOS:000175687100025 PM 12009989 ER PT J AU Hultgren, RP Hudson, RJM Sims, GK AF Hultgren, RP Hudson, RJM Sims, GK TI Effects of soil pH and soil water content on prosulfuron dissipation SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE prosulfuron; environmental fate; aerobic dissipation; soil pH; soil water content; DT50 ID SULFONYLUREA HERBICIDES; METSULFURON-METHYL; LABORATORY CONDITIONS; CLORANSULAM-METHYL; DEGRADATION; CHLORSULFURON; TRIASULFURON; HYDROLYSIS; KINETICS; MOISTURE AB The sulfonylurea herbicide prosulfuron, 1-(4-methoxy-6-methyltriazin-2-yl)-3-[2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)phenylsulfonyl]urea, is used for the selective control of broadleaf weeds in corn, sorghum, and cereal grains. To investigate its fate in soils, this study examined the effects of soil pH and water content on the rates of dissipation processes and the products formed under aerobic conditions. Radiometry and chromatography analyses were used to quantify the degradation products and bound residues formed in incubations of 10 different soils. The pH-dependent hydrolysis of the sulfonylurea bridge to form phenyl sulfonamide was the primary transformation process. Significant microbial degradation of prosulfuron occurred in 2 of the 10 soils, yielding (CO2)-C-14 and desmethyl prosulfuron among the major products. The time required for 50% dissipation of the herbicide (DT50) was determined for each soil and water content treatment. At equivalent water contents, prosulfuron DT50 values were positively correlated with soil pH (P < 0.0001), varying from 6.5 days at pH 5.4 to 122.9 days at pH 7.9. Soil pH and water content strongly influence the fate of sulfonylurea herbicides in agricultural fields. Differences in the effect of soil water content on dissipation kinetics in a comparison of two soils were attributed to differences in soil pH, texture, and the ability of indigenous microorganisms to transform the herbicide. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, USDA, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hultgren, RP (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Sims, Gerald/A-2500-2008 NR 31 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 22 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 11 BP 3236 EP 3243 DI 10.1021/jf011477c PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 553QN UT WOS:000175687100029 PM 12009993 ER PT J AU Parris, N Dickey, LC Powell, MJ Coffin, DR Moreau, RA Craig, JC AF Parris, N Dickey, LC Powell, MJ Coffin, DR Moreau, RA Craig, JC TI Effect of endogenous triacylglycerol hydrolysates on the mechanical properties of zein films from ground corn SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE corn; hybrid; dry-milled; zein; endogenous; fatty acids; films; mechanical properties ID WATER-VAPOR PERMEABILITY; PROTEIN; MICROSTRUCTURE; EXTRACTION; ACIDS AB Dry-milled yellow corn and freshly ground food and nonfood grade yellow and white hybrid corn kernels were pretreated in a solution of lactic acid and sodium metabisulfite followed by extraction with 70% ethanol. Zein was precipitated from the extract by reducing the ethanol content of the extract to 40%. Lipid associated with the zein isolates was between 15 and 20% and contained mostly endogenous free fatty acids. The effect of the endogenous free fatty acids on zein isolate films, with and without free fatty acids, was determined by measuring various film properties. Stress-strain measurements indicated 40-200% greater elongation for zein films containing endogenous free fatty acids. Films prepared from zein isolated from preground corn stored for similar to4 months (27 degreesC, 17% relative humidity) had similar to3 times greater elongation values than zein films prepared from freshly ground corn. C1 ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Parris, N (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 22 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 11 BP 3306 EP 3308 DI 10.1021/jf011455q PG 3 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 553QN UT WOS:000175687100038 PM 12010002 ER PT J AU Simmons, RB Weller, SJ AF Simmons, RB Weller, SJ TI What kind of signals do mimetic tiger moths send? A phylogenetic test of wasp mimicry systems (Lepidoptera : Arctiidae : Euchromiini) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE comparative biology; Arctiinae; Mullerian mimicry; evolution of mimicry ID MULLERIAN MIMICRY; HELICONIUS BUTTERFLIES; MUELLERIAN MIMICRY; SEQUENCE DATA; EVOLUTION; PERMUTATION; ADAPTATION; DIVERSITY; PREDATOR; DYNAMICS AB Mimicry has been examined in field and laboratory studies of butterflies and its evolutionary dynamics have been explored in computer simulations. Phylogenetic studies examining the evolution of mimicry, however, are rare. Here, the phylogeny of wasp-mimicking tiger moths, the Sphecosoma group, was used to test evolutionary predictions of computer simulations of conventional Mullerian mimicry and quasi-Batesian mimicry dynamics. We examined whether mimetic traits evolved individually, or as suites of characters, using concentrated change tests. The phylogeny of these moth mimics revealed that individual mimetic characters were conserved, as are the three mimetic wasp forms: yellow Polybia, black Polybia and Parachartergus mimetic types. This finding was consistent with a 'supergene' control of linked loci and the Nicholson two-step model of mimicry evolution. We also used a modified permutation-tail probability approach to examine the rate of mimetic-type evolution. The observed topology, hypothetical Mullerian and Batesian scenarios, and 1000 random trees were compared using Kishino-Hasegawa tests. The observed phylogeny was more consistent with the predicted Mullerian distribution of mimetic traits than with that of a quasi-Batesian scenario. We suggest that the range of discriminatory abilities of the predator community plays a key role in shaping mimicry dynamics. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55016 USA. Univ Minnesota, JF Bell Museum Nat Hist, St Paul, MN 55016 USA. RP Simmons, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Smithsonian Inst,NMNH, Room E-525,0168, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM rsimmons@sel.barc.usda.gov NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD MAY 22 PY 2002 VL 269 IS 1495 BP 983 EP 990 DI 10.1098/rspb.2002.1970 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 556AW UT WOS:000175826100001 PM 12028753 ER PT J AU Roussel, AM Bureau, I Favier, M Polansky, MM Bryden, NA Anderson, RA AF Roussel, AM Bureau, I Favier, M Polansky, MM Bryden, NA Anderson, RA TI Beneficial effects of hormonal replacement therapy on chromium status and glucose and lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women SO MATURITAS LA English DT Article DE chromium; menopause; hormonal replacement therapy; lipids; glucose ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; SUPPLEMENTAL CHROMIUM; MENOPAUSE; AGE; PREVENTION; PICOLINATE; EXCRETION; DECREASES; MORTALITY; INSULIN AB Objectives: Postmenopausal women exhibit an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with younger women. However, women receiving hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) seem to be protected. Since chromium (Cr) functions in glucose, lipid and corticosteroid metabolism and these variables, as well as Cr status, decline with age, Cr status may be a contributing factor in the effects of hormone replacement therapy. Therefore. the objective of this study was to determine the effects of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) on serum and urinary Cr, plasma lipids, glucose. fructosamine and the related hormonal variables, estradiol, insulin, leptin, cortisol, and DHEA-sulfate. Methods: Forty-four healthy postmenopausal women 50-60 years old participated in the study. Eighteen were treated by combined oral hormonal replacement therapy (estradiol 2 mg per day during days 1-25 and 10 mg of dydrogesterone on days 10-25) for at least 2 years, and 26 were untreated. Results: Serum Cr concentrations were significantly lower in untreated postmenopausal women than in women receiving HRT (0.070 +/- 0.008 vs. 0.100 +/- 0.008 ng/ml) whereas urinary Cr excretion was increased (0.14 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.07 +/- 0.01 ng of Cr, mg creatinine). The urinary losses of Cr were inversely correlated with plasma estradiol. Median value of urinary Cr was higher in postmenopausal women exhibiting endogenous estradiol levels below 250 pmol/l. whereas women with estradiol levels > 250 pmol/l, exhibited lower Cr values. Plasma fructosamine, total and LDL cholesterol and TC/HDL ratio, which are all decreased by improved Cr nutrition, were also improved in the women receiving HRT. There were also nonsignificant decreasing trends in DHEA-sulfate (P < 0.06) and cortisol (0.07). Conclusions: Chromium status, based upon blood and urinary analyses, and glucose, insulin and lipid variables were improved in postmenopausal women receiving HRT. Additional studies are needed to determine if improved Cr status due to supplemental Cr can elicit effects consistent with those of hormone replacement therapy. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Grenoble 1, LBSO, F-38700 La Tronche, France. Grenoble Hosp, Dept Obstet, F-38000 Grenoble, France. RP Anderson, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0378-5122 J9 MATURITAS JI Maturitas PD MAY 20 PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 AR PII S0378-5122(02)00003-8 DI 10.1016/S0378-5122(02)00003-8 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 568FD UT WOS:000176531000008 PM 12020981 ER PT J AU French, AD Johnson, GP Kelterer, AM Dowd, MK Cramer, CJ AF French, AD Johnson, GP Kelterer, AM Dowd, MK Cramer, CJ TI Quantum mechanics studies of the intrinsic conformation of trehalose SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID RELATIVE STABILITY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ENERGY SURFACES; FORCE-FIELD; CHAIR FORMS; BASIS-SET; ALPHA,ALPHA-TREHALOSE; DISACCHARIDES AB To resolve, controversies over the intrinsic shape of the disaccharide alpha,alpha-trehalose and the magnitude of solvent effects, energy surfaces have been computed at different levels of molecular orbital and density functional theory. All quantum mechanical (QM) levels agree that the gauche linkage conformations observed by experimental crystallographic and solution studies are 5-7 kcal/mol lower in energy than that of the trans shape. This is quite different than the findings of the two most recent classical force field studies. In those projects, the trans shape was preferred by 3.3 kcal/mol, and it was inferred that a strong solvent effect was responsible for the gauche experimental conformations. In the QM work, a strong solvent effect is not needed to explain the preference for the gauche form because the trans shapes already have higher energy. A QM continuum model of aqueous solvation has only small effects on the torsional energy surface. The best rationalization of 24 values of the linkage torsion angles from small-molecule crystal structures is provided by HF/6-311++G**//B3LYP/6-31G* theory, a level that under-predicts the strength of hydrogen bonds. C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Graz Univ Technol, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Inst Supercomp, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP French, AD (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM afrench@nola.srrc.usda.gov RI Cramer, Christopher/B-6179-2011; OI Cramer, Christopher/0000-0001-5048-1859; Kelterer, Anne-Marie/0000-0001-8178-2670 NR 58 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 16 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 19 BP 4988 EP 4997 DI 10.1021/jp020126d PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 552CQ UT WOS:000175601000027 ER PT J AU Gill, RA Polley, HW Johnson, HB Anderson, LJ Maherali, H Jackson, RB AF Gill, RA Polley, HW Johnson, HB Anderson, LJ Maherali, H Jackson, RB TI Nonlinear grassland responses to past and future atmospheric CO2 SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED CARBON-DIOXIDE; WATER-USE; SOIL; NITROGEN; ECOSYSTEMS; BIOMASS; DECOMPOSITION; ENRICHMENT; FEEDBACK; PLANTS AB Carbon sequestration in soil organic matter may moderate increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations (C-a) as C-a increases to more than 500 mumol mol(-1) this century from interglacial levels of less than 200 mumol mol(-1) (refs 1- 6). However, such carbon storage depends on feedbacks between plant responses to Ca and nutrient availability(7,8). Here we present evidence that soil carbon storage and nitrogen cycling in a grassland ecosystem are much more responsive to increases in past Ca than to those forecast for the coming century. Along a continuous gradient of 200 to 550 mumol mol(-1) (refs 9, 10), increased C-a promoted higher photosynthetic rates and altered plant tissue chemistry. Soil carbon was lost at subambient C-a, but was unchanged at elevated C-a where losses of old soil carbon offset increases in new carbon. Along the experimental gradient in C-a there was a nonlinear, threefold decrease in nitrogen availability. The differences in sensitivity of carbon storage to historical and future C-a and increased nutrient limitation suggest that the passive sequestration of carbon in soils may have been important historically, but the ability of soils to continue as sinks is limited. C1 Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Bot, Austin, TX 78713 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Gill, RA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Program Environm Sci & Reg Planning, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 29 TC 200 Z9 228 U1 2 U2 65 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAY 16 PY 2002 VL 417 IS 6886 BP 279 EP 282 DI 10.1038/417279a PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 551YT UT WOS:000175592100045 PM 12015601 ER PT J AU Olness, A Basta, NT Rinke, J AF Olness, A Basta, NT Rinke, J TI Redox effects on resin extraction of herbicides from soil SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE anaerobiosis; resin extraction; soil aeration ID BOUND PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; ATRAZINE; ALACHLOR AB Relative soil aeration affects the surfaces upon which pesticides adsorb and non-ionic resins offer a means of observing and evaluating this factor. A non-ionic resin extractor, developed for pesticide extraction under reducing conditions, was used to adsorb a fraction of the reversibly adsorbed (active portion) herbicides. The extractor consists of cleaned XAD-2 resin encased in a dialysis membrane composed of regenerated cellulose. Anaerobiosis was achieved by incubating soil suspensions with glucose under a 95% N-2-5% H-2 environment until the redox potential reached - 150 mV. Nine soils with a range of physical and chemical characteristics were examined for atrazine, metribuzin, and alachlor content. Amounts of atrazine, metribuzin, and alachlor extracted from soil ranged to 100, 140, and 75 ng g(-1), respectively. Resin extractions (RE) conducted under aerobic conditions recovered about 25-50% of the pesticide extractable with conventional solid phase solvent extraction at 60 degreesC (SPE60). Under anaerobic conditions, equal amounts of atrazine were extracted with RE and SPE60. Slightly less metribuzin was recovered under anaerobic extraction with the exception of those soils lacking detectable amounts by SPE60. Larger amounts of alachlor were extracted with resins under anaerobic conditions than under aerobic conditions but the amounts were not correlated with those determined by SPE60. Large amounts of soil organic matter were solublized under anaerobiosis and smaller molecular weight material was extracted with the herbicides. The nature and amounts of co-extracted organic matter varied among soils. RE directly from soil suspensions enabled simultaneous determination of all three herbicides. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. RP Olness, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD MAY 16 PY 2002 VL 57 IS 2 BP 383 EP 391 AR PII S0039-9140(02)00036-X DI 10.1016/S0039-9140(02)00036-X PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 556TX UT WOS:000175866000019 PM 18968639 ER PT J AU Keane, RE Parsons, RA Hessburg, PF AF Keane, RE Parsons, RA Hessburg, PF TI Estimating historical range and variation of landscape patch dynamics: limitations of the simulation approach SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE landscape pattern; historical range and variation; landscape fire succession modeling; landscape pattern metrics ID VARIABILITY CONCEPTS; FOREST-LANDSCAPE; NATIONAL-PARK; FIRE; DISTURBANCE; MANAGEMENT; PATTERNS; HETEROGENEITY; SETTLEMENT; METRICS AB Landscape patterns in the northwestern United States are mostly shaped by the interaction of fire and succession, and conversely, vegetation patterns influence fire dynamics and plant colonization processes. Historical landscape pattern dynamics can be used by resource managers to assess current landscape conditions and develop target spatial characteristics for management activities. The historical range and variability (HRV) of landscape pattern can be quantified from simulated chronosequences of landscape vegetation maps and can be used to (1) describe temporal variation in patch statistics, (2) develop limits of acceptable change, and (3) design landscape treatment guidelines for ecosystem management. Although this simulation approach has many advantages, the limitations of this method have not been explored in detail. To demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of this approach, we performed several simulation experiments using the spatially explicit, multiple pathway model a LANDscape Succession Model (LANDSUM) to quantify the range and variability in six class and landscape pattern metrics for four landscapes in the northwestern United States. First, we applied the model to spatially nested landscapes to evaluate the effect of landscape size on the HRV pattern metrics. Next, we averaged the HRV pattern metrics across maps generated from simulation time spans of 100, 500, and 1000 years and intervals 5, 10, 25 and 50 years to assess optimal output generation parameters. We then altered the elevation data layer to evaluate effect of topography on pattern metrics, and cut various shapes (circle, rectangle, square) from a landscape to examine landscape shape and orientation influences. Then, we altered the input vegetation maps to assess the influence of initial conditions on landscape metrics output. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of input fire probabilities and transition times was performed. Results indicate landscapes should be quite large to realistically simulation fire pattern. Landscape shape, and orientation are critically important to quantifying patch metrics. Simulation output need only be stored every 20-50 years but landscapes should be simulated for long time periods (greater than or equal to 1000 years). All landscapes are unique so conclusions generated here may not be entirely applicable to all western US landscapes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Keane, RE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 54 TC 79 Z9 93 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 151 IS 1 BP 29 EP 49 AR PII S0304-3800(01)00470-7 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(01)00470-7 PG 21 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 556WU UT WOS:000175872600003 ER PT J AU Huq, E Quail, PH AF Huq, E Quail, PH TI PIF4, a phytochrome-interacting bHLH factor, functions as a negative regulator of phytochrome B signaling in Arabidopsis SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE bHLH transcription factor; G-box DNA motif; light signaling; phytochrome; T-DNA tagging ID TRANSCRIPTION-FACTOR; CIRCADIAN-RHYTHMS; GENE-EXPRESSION; NUCLEAR-PROTEIN; LIGHT; TRANSDUCTION; ENCODES; PHYB; THALIANA; GIGANTEA AB Plants sense and respond to red and far-red light using the phytochrome (phy) family of photoreceptors. However, the mechanism of light signal transduction is not well defined. Here, we report the identification of a new mutant Arabidopsis locus, srl2 (short under red-light 2), which confers selective hypersensitivity to continuous red, but not far-red, light. This hypersensitivity is eliminated in srl2phyB, but not srl2phyA, double mutants, indicating that this locus functions selectively and negatively in phyB signaling. The SRL2 gene encodes a bHLH factor, designated PIF4 (phytochrome-interacting factor 4), which binds selectively to the biologically active Pfr form of phyB, but has little affinity for phyA. Despite its hypersensitive morphological phenotype, the srl2 mutant displays no perturbation of light-induced expression of marker genes for chloroplast development. These data suggest that PIF4 may function specifically in a branch of the phyB signaling network that regulates a subset of genes involved in cell expansion. Consistent with this proposal, PIF4 localizes to the nucleus and can bind to a G-box DNA sequence motif found in various light-regulated promoters. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ARS, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Quail, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 55 TC 242 Z9 265 U1 6 U2 38 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 10 BP 2441 EP 2450 DI 10.1093/emboj/21.10.2441 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 554TQ UT WOS:000175753600014 PM 12006496 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, SB Ugarte, DGDL Garten, CT Lynd, LR Sanderson, MA Tolbert, VR Wolf, DD AF McLaughlin, SB Ugarte, DGDL Garten, CT Lynd, LR Sanderson, MA Tolbert, VR Wolf, DD TI High-value renewable energy from prairie grasses SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELLULOSIC BIOMASS; FUEL ETHANOL; CARBON; SWITCHGRASS; NITROGEN; RUNOFF AB Projected economic benefits of renewable energy derived from a native prairie grass, switchgrass, include nonmarket values that can reduce net fuel costs to near zero. At a farm gate price of $44.00/dry Mg, an agricultural sector model predicts higher profits for switchgrass than conventional crops on 16,9 million hectares (ha). Benefits would include an annual increase of $6 billion in net farm returns, a $1.86 billion reduction in government subsidies, and displacement of 44159 Tg/year (1 Tg = 10(12) g) of greenhouse gas emissions. Incorporating these values into the pricing structure for switchgrass bioenergy could accelerate commercialization and provide net benefits to the U.S. economy. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Agr Policy Anal Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. USDA ARS, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP McLaughlin, SB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Lynd, Lee/N-1260-2013 OI Lynd, Lee/0000-0002-5642-668X NR 42 TC 170 Z9 175 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 10 BP 2122 EP 2129 DI 10.1021/es010963d PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 553AN UT WOS:000175653500003 PM 12038820 ER PT J AU Hicke, JA Asner, GP Randerson, JT Tucker, C Los, S Birdsey, R Jenkins, JC Field, C Holland, E AF Hicke, JA Asner, GP Randerson, JT Tucker, C Los, S Birdsey, R Jenkins, JC Field, C Holland, E TI Satellite-derived increases in net primary productivity across North America, 1982-1998 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL CARBON SINK; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; LAND; DECLINE; AGE AB [1] We used a new 17-year, high spatial resolution satellite record and a carbon cycle model to explore how changing net primary productivity (NPP) contributed to a proposed carbon (C) sink in North America. We found a small but significant increase in NPP, 0.03 Pg C yr(-2) or 8% over 17 years, that could explain a substantial fraction of the C sink. The largest increases occurred in the central and southeastern United States, eastern Canada, and northwestern North America, and were consistent with NPP trends derived from forest inventories and crop yields. Interannual NPP variability was small, implying that the large interannual variability in the C sink found in previous studies were driven by changes in heterotrophic respiration. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Atmospher Phys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hicke, JA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Los, Sietse/G-8985-2012; Hicke, Jeff/M-9677-2013; Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 NR 27 TC 60 Z9 68 U1 5 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 10 AR 1427 DI 10.1029/2001GL013578 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609DL UT WOS:000178888300079 ER PT J AU Nemani, R White, M Thornton, P Nishida, K Reddy, S Jenkins, J Running, S AF Nemani, R White, M Thornton, P Nishida, K Reddy, S Jenkins, J Running, S TI Recent trends in hydrologic balance have enhanced the terrestrial carbon sink in the United States SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; LAND; CO2; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; CONSISTENT; AMPLITUDE; DIOXIDE; FORESTS AB [1] Climate data show significant increases in precipitation and humidity over the U. S. since 1900, yet the role of these hydroclimatic changes on the reported U. S. carbon sink is incompletely understood. Using a prognostic terrestrial ecosystem model, we simulated 1900-1993 continental U.S. carbon fluxes and found that increased growth by natural vegetation was associated with increased precipitation and humidity, especially during the 19501993 period. CO2 trends and warmer temperatures had a lesser effect. Two thirds of the increase in observed forest growth rates could be accounted for by observed climatic changes, including the confluence of earlier springs and wetter autumns leading to a lengthening of the vegetation carbon uptake period. However, regional differences in precipitation trends produced differing regional carbon sink responses. The strong coupling between carbon and hydrologic cycles implies that global carbon budget studies, currently dominated by temperature analyses, should consider changes in the hydrologic cycle. C1 Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. US Forest Serv, USDA, Burlington, VT USA. RP Nemani, R (reprint author), Univ Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RI Thornton, Peter/B-9145-2012 OI Thornton, Peter/0000-0002-4759-5158 NR 26 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 10 AR 1468 DI 10.1029/2002GL014867 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 609DL UT WOS:000178888300038 ER PT J AU Larkin, NK Harrison, DE AF Larkin, NK Harrison, DE TI ENSO warm (El Nino) and cold (La Nina) event life cycles: Ocean surface anomaly patterns, their symmetries, asymmetries, and implications SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID WESTERLY WIND EVENTS; SEA-LEVEL PRESSURE; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; ATMOSPHERE; MODEL; CIRCULATION; TELECONNECTIONS; VARIABILITY AB Previous studies by the authors have described the composite global marine surface anomalies of ENSO warm (El Nino) events and cold (La Nina) events. Here the similarities and differences in these life cycles are examined. Qualitatively different behavior between warm events and cold events exists in the tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans and in the extratropical Pacific. Even in the tropical Pacific statistically significantly different behavior is found in some variables for particular regions and phases of the life cycles. A single-mode regression analysis of the ENSO signal is done; the patterns are very similar to those of previously published ENSO EOF and regression analyses. The authors describe how the regression patterns obscure many of the interesting life cycles and life cycle differences of cold events and warm events. Most of the regression structures outside of the tropical Pacific are not statistically significant because of such differences. ENSO models should be evaluated against their ability to reproduce the observed cold event and warm event life cycles and not just single EOF or regression mode patterns. C1 Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Larkin, NK (reprint author), USDA, FS FERA, 4043 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RI Harrison, Don/D-9582-2013 NR 50 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 15 IS 10 BP 1118 EP 1140 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1118:EWENOA>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 546AC UT WOS:000175248900002 ER PT J AU Bowman, QP AF Bowman, QP CA AVMA-USDA Relations Committe TI New directions for the national veterinary accreditation program SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 USDA, APHIS, Natl Vet Accreditat Program, Vet Serv, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. RP Bowman, QP (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Natl Vet Accreditat Program, Vet Serv, 4700 River Rd,Unit 46, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 220 IS 10 BP 1470 EP 1472 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 551CQ UT WOS:000175542300023 ER PT J AU Himmelsbach, DS Khalili, S Akin, DE AF Himmelsbach, DS Khalili, S Akin, DE TI The use of FT-IR microspectroscopic mapping to study the effects of enzymatic retting of flax (Linum usitatissimum L) stems SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Fourier transform; infrared; microscopy; spectroscopy; flax; retting; enzymes; chelator ID TRANSFORM INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY; CELL-WALLS; PECTINS; FIBERS AB Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopic mapping was investigated as a tool to study the effects of enzymatic retting of flax stems. The FT-IR technique permitted the elucidation of the relative loss or changes in the distribution of key chemical components after treatment with enzymes or enzyme/chelator mixtures in association with visible changes in structure. Cross-sections of Ariane flax stems were treated with SP 249 (a pectinase-rich enzyme mixture from Novo Nordisk) at 0.5, 0.7 or 1.0 ml 1 (-1) concentration in pH 5 acetate buffer for 6h at 40 degreesC. Flax stems treated with 0.5 or 0.7ml 1(-1) SP 249 and 50 mM oxalic acid as a chelator were also investigated by the technique. The results indicated that treatment with 0.5 ml 1(-1) SP 249 alone was ineffective in releasing the fibre bundles from the surrounding tissue, but the release was increased by the addition of 50mM oxalic acid as a likely chelator for the cations of pectate salts. However, the IR spectra of the bundles indicated that an insoluble oxalate salt remained on the tissue after this treatment. Increasing the concentration of SP 249 to 0.7ml 1(-1) plus 50 mM oxalic acid was effective in releasing the fibre bundles and generating some ultimate fibres with no detectable oxalate expectate salt residues. Increasing the SP 249 concentration to 1.0 ml 1(-1) without using oxalic acid was effective in separating the fibre bundles into ultimate (individual) fibres, leaving no pectate salt residue and only a trace of pectic esters and/or acids. The use of infrared mapping, or so-called chemical imaging, is shown to have advantages over visible imaging alone in that it can detect and locate the chemical species present after each treatment in relation to the anatomical features of the flax stem. This analytical tool shows promise as a technique by which to study the effects of enzymatic treatment of natural fibre materials. Published in 2002 for SCI by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Pulp & Paper Chem, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Himmelsbach, DS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 19 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 23 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD MAY 15 PY 2002 VL 82 IS 7 BP 685 EP 696 DI 10.1002/jsfa.1090 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 548QJ UT WOS:000175399800002 ER PT J AU Young, KA Berry, ML Mahaffey, CL Saionz, JR Hawes, NL Chang, B Zheng, QY Smith, RS Bronson, RT Nelson, RJ Simpson, EM AF Young, KA Berry, ML Mahaffey, CL Saionz, JR Hawes, NL Chang, B Zheng, QY Smith, RS Bronson, RT Nelson, RJ Simpson, EM TI Fierce: a new mouse deletion of Nr2e1; violent behaviour and ocular abnormalities are background-dependent SO BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aggressive behaviour; sensorimotor; eye; brain ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; MICE LACKING; KNOCKOUT MICE; GENE; DEFICIENT; TAILLESS; DNA; MUTAGENESIS; AGGRESSION; STRAINS AB A new spontaneous mouse mutation named fierce (frc) is deleted for the nuclear receptor Nr2el gene (also known as Tlx, mouse homolog of Drosophila tailless). The fierce mutation is genetically and phenotypically similar Nr2el targeted mutations previously studied on segregating genetic backgrounds. However, we have characterized the fierce brain, eye, and behavioural phenotypes on three defined genetic backgrounds (C57BL/6J, 129P3/JEms, and B6129F1). The data revealed many novel and background-dependent phenotypic characteristics. Whereas abnormalities in brain development, hypoplasia of cerebrum and olfactory lobes, were consistent on all three backgrounds, our novel finding of enlarged ventricles in 100% and overt hydrocephalus in up to 30% of fierce mice were unique to the C57BL/6J background. Developmental eye abnormalities were also background-dependent with B6129F1-frc mice having less severe thinning of optic layers and less affected electroretinogram responses. Impaired regression of hyaloid vessels was observed in all backgrounds. Furthermore, retinal vessels were deficient in size and number in 129P3/JEms-frc and B6129F1-frc mice but almost entirely absent in C57BL/6J-frc mice. We present the first standardized behavioural tests conducted on Nr2e1 mutant mice and show that C57BL/6J-frc and B6129F1-frc mice have deficits in sensorimotor assays and are hyperaggressive in both sexes and backgrounds. However, C57BL/6J-jrc mice were significantly more aggressive than B6129F1-frc mice. Overall, this extensive characterization of the fierce mutation is essential to its application for the study of behavioural, and brain and eye developmental disorders. In addition, the background-dependent differences revealed will enable the identification of important genetic modifiers. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, British Columbia Res Inst Childrens & Womens Hlth, Ctr Mol Med & Therapeut, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada. Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Jackson Lab, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Psychol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Neurosci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Mol Biol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Simpson, EM (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, British Columbia Res Inst Childrens & Womens Hlth, Ctr Mol Med & Therapeut, 950 W 28th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada. RI Zheng, Qing/C-1731-2012; Simpson, Elizabeth/H-1183-2012; OI Nelson, Randy/0000-0002-8194-4016 FU NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY007758, EY07758, R01 EY007758-15]; NIDCD NIH HHS [R01 DC005827, R01 DC004301-01, R01 DC005827-01, R21 DC005846-01A1, R21 DC005846, R01 DC004301, R03 DC004376, R03 DC004376-01A1, DC62108]; NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH057535, MH/HD57465, R01 MH057760-02, R21 MH083515-01, MH57760, R01 MH057760] NR 41 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-4328 J9 BEHAV BRAIN RES JI Behav. Brain Res. PD MAY 14 PY 2002 VL 132 IS 2 BP 145 EP 158 AR PII S0166-4328(01)00413-2 DI 10.1016/S0166-4328(01)00413-2 PG 14 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 559FK UT WOS:000176014900003 PM 11997145 ER PT J AU Reddy, SM Lupiani, B Gimeno, IM Silva, RF Lee, LF Witter, RL AF Reddy, SM Lupiani, B Gimeno, IM Silva, RF Lee, LF Witter, RL TI Rescue of a pathogenic Marek's disease virus with overlapping cosmid DNAs: Use of a pp38 mutant to validate the technology for the study of gene function SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; PHOSPHORYLATED POLYPEPTIDES; LYMPHOBLASTOID-CELLS; TRANSFORMED-CELLS; HERPESVIRUS; GENOME; STRAIN; MDV; CONSTRUCTION AB Marek's disease virus (MDV) genetics has lagged behind that of other herpesviruses because of the lack of tools for the introduction of site-specific mutations into the genome of highly cell-associated oncogenic strains. Overlapping cosmid clones have been successfully used for the introduction of mutations in other highly cell-associated herpesviruses. Here we describe the development of overlapping cosmid DNA clones from a very virulent oncogenic strain of MDV. Transfection of these cosmid clones into MDV-susceptible cells resulted in the generation of a recombinant MDV (rMd5) with biological properties similar to the parental strain. To demonstrate the applicability of this technology for elucidation of gene function of MDV, we have generated a mutant virus lacking an MDV unique phosphoprotein, pp38, which has previously been associated with the maintenance of transformation in MDV-induced tumor cell lines. Inoculation of Marek's disease-susceptible birds with the pp38 deletion mutant virus (rMd5Deltapp38) revealed that pp38 is involved in early cytolytic infection in lymphocytes but not in the induction of tumors. This powerful technology will speed the characterization of MDV gene function, leading to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of MDV pathogenesis. In addition, because Marek's disease is a major oncogenic system, the knowledge obtained from these studies may shed light on the oncogenic mechanisms of other herpesviruses. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Reddy, SM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, 3606 E Mt Hope Rd, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RI Lupiani, Blanca/A-5267-2011 NR 40 TC 82 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 14 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 10 BP 7054 EP 7059 DI 10.1073/pnas.092152699 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 552TZ UT WOS:000175637300096 PM 11997455 ER PT J AU Byers, HK Cipriano, RC Gudkovs, N Crane, MS AF Byers, HK Cipriano, RC Gudkovs, N Crane, MS TI PCR-based assays for the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida. II. Further evaluation and validation of three PCR primer sets with infected fish SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Aeromonas salmonicida; polymerase chain reaction; detection; identification; validation; naturally infected fish; covert infections ID FURUNCULOSIS TEST; POPULATIONS; CULTURE; MUCUS AB Two Aeromonas salmonicida-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests and 1 A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida-specific PCR test were used to screen salmonid populations that were either overtly or covertly infected with A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. It was demonstrated that these PCR assays could be used to replace the biochemical testing currently employed to confirm the identity of A. salmonicida isolates cultured from infected fish. The AP and PAAS PCR assays were also capable of direct detection of A. salmonicida in overtly infected fish, with mucus, gill and kidney samples most likely to yield a positive result. Culture was a more reliable method for the direct detection of A. salmonicida in covertly infected salmonids than was the direct PCR testing of tissue samples, with the AP and PAAS PCRs having a lower detection limit (LDL) of approximately 4 x 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU) g(-1) sample. C1 CSIRO Livestock Ind, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. USDA ARS, Biol Resources Div, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Crane, MS (reprint author), CSIRO Livestock Ind, Australian Anim Hlth Lab, Private Bag 24, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. RI Crane, Mark/H-6373-2013 OI Crane, Mark/0000-0003-1168-4535 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 49 IS 2 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.3354/dao049139 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 565NR UT WOS:000176376800008 PM 12078982 ER PT J AU Fontaine, TA Cruickshank, TS Arnold, JG Hotchkiss, RH AF Fontaine, TA Cruickshank, TS Arnold, JG Hotchkiss, RH TI Development of a snowfall-snowmelt routine for mountainous terrain for the soil water assessment tool (SWAT) SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE snowmelt; hydrology; modeling; mountains; hydrometeorology ID MODEL; ACCUMULATION; HYDROLOGY; SURFACE; MELT; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATIONS; CLIMATE; ALBEDO; SCALE AB The soil water assessment tool (SWAT) is a hydrologic model originally developed to evaluate water resources in large agricultural basins. SWAT was not designed to model heterogeneous mountain basins typical of the western United States, and as a result, has performed poorly when applied to mountainous locations. The intent of this study was to increase the versatility of SWAT by developing the capability to simulate hydrology of a non-agricultural mountainous region with a large snowmelt component. A western Wyoming basin, representative of Rocky Mountain basins, was selected to evaluate model performance, identify governing hydrologic processes, and improve the snowmelt routine. An initial evaluation of SWAT performance indicated an inability of the model to represent snowmelt processes. Based on simulation results and field observations, algorithms were developed which use elevation bands to distribute temperature and precipitation with elevation. Additional routines which control snowpack temperature, meltwater production, and areal snow coverage were designed to simulate the influence of season and elevation on the evolution of basin snowpack. The development of the new snowmelt algorithms improved the average annual Nash-Sutcliffe R-2 correlation between simulated and observed Wind River streamflow from an initial value of -0.70 to +0.86. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. Utah State Div Air Qual, Salt Lake City, UT USA. USDA ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Washington State Univ, Albrook Hydraul Lab, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Washington, DC USA. RP Fontaine, TA (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 501 E St Joseph St, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. NR 45 TC 132 Z9 157 U1 5 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 262 IS 1-4 BP 209 EP 223 AR PII S0022-1694(02)00029-X DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00029-X PG 15 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 552DC UT WOS:000175602400014 ER PT J AU Chapman, TG Malone, RW AF Chapman, TG Malone, RW TI Comparison of models for estimation of groundwater recharge, using data from a deep weighing lysimeter SO MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTERS IN SIMULATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Biennial Conference of the Modelling-and-Simulation-Society-of-Austrania-and-New-Zealand CY DEC 06-09, 1999 CL UNIV WAIKATO, HAMILTON, NEW ZEALAND SP Modelling & Simulat Soc Australia & New Zealand HO UNIV WAIKATO DE lysimeter; recharge models; percolation; infiltration; soil water ID RUNOFF MODEL AB Most conceptual models of catchment hydrology include algorithms for estimation of recharge to groundwater, which is then routed to stream base flow and/or deep regional groundwater. The majority of models attempt to simulate the process of percolation to groundwater from an overlying soil water store, which may be conceived as a single store or a series combination of stores. However, these models have seldom been tested against field observations, and therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the performance of 13 single store and two-store models, selected from the literature, using an I I years daily record from a weighing lysimeter 2.4 m deep at Coshocton, OH, supporting a pasture grass. The percolation data are measured directly, while the volume of water in the soil column is measured by weighing the monolith every 5 min. Use of data from three adjacent non-weighing lysimeters enabled an assessment of the spatial variability of groundwater recharge. The results of the study show that five models perform well in simulating recharge to a level consistent with spatial variability over a scale of a few metres, but did not perform as well in simulating variations of total soil water in the column, particularly during periods of high evapotranspiration. All the models, however, tend to underestimate the sharp peaks in recharge which may occur in extreme events. (C) 2002 IMACS. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. USDA ARS, Coshocton, OH USA. RP Chapman, TG (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4754 J9 MATH COMPUT SIMULAT JI Math. Comput. Simul. PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 59 IS 1-3 BP 3 EP 17 AR PII S0378-4754(01)00389-5 DI 10.1016/S0378-4754(01)00389-5 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 555TA UT WOS:000175808300002 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, LL AF Rodriguez, LL TI Emergence and re-emergence of vesicular stomatitis in the United States SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE vesicular stomatitis; foot-and-mouth disease; arbovirus ID LUTZOMYIA-SHANNONI DIPTERA; NEW-JERSEY SEROTYPE; VIRUS NEW-JERSEY; SIMULIUM-VITTATUM DIPTERA; OSSABAW ISLAND; AMPLIFYING HOSTS; TRANSMISSION; PSYCHODIDAE; GEORGIA; DEER AB Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is an important disease of cattle, horses and pigs, The causal agent is an arbovirus vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) of which two distinct serotypes New Jersey (NJ) and Indiana (IN) have been described, The clinical signs in cattle and pigs are undistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), one of the most devastating viral infections of livestock. VSV is the most important cause of vesicular disease in FMD-free countries in the Americas, causing thousands of outbreaks every year from southern Mexico to northern South America. In the United States VS has two different patterns of occurrence: in the southeastern states (Georgia, Alabama, North Carolina and South Carolina) a pattern of yearly occurrence of clinical cases in livestock was reported from early 1900s until the mid 1970s. Since then, viral activity in the region has been focal and limited to isolated wildlife populations. In contrast in the southwestern states (New Mexico, Arizona, Utah and Colorado) VS outbreaks have occurred sporadically at approximately 10-year intervals. with the last cycle of activity occurring from 1995 to 1998. Phylogenetic analyses of VSV have shown that distinct viral lineages occur in the southwestern and southeastern US. Furthermore, in the last 70 years each sporadic outbreak in the Southwest was associated to viral lineages distant from those causing previous outbreaks in the US but closely related to viruses maintained in endemic areas of Mexico. This pattern of viral occurrence contrasts with that observed in endemic areas in Central and South America where viral genetic lineages are maintained in specific ecological areas over long periods of time. The phylogenetic data together with the geographical and temporal distribution of outbreaks indicate that VSV does not have a stable endemic cycle in the western United States. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. RP Rodriguez, LL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 848, Greenport, NY 11944 USA. NR 43 TC 69 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAY 10 PY 2002 VL 85 IS 2 BP 211 EP 219 AR PII S0168-1702(02)00026-6 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(02)00026-6 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 570FV UT WOS:000176649000009 PM 12034487 ER PT J AU Edgar, JA Roeder, EL Molyneux, RJ AF Edgar, JA Roeder, EL Molyneux, RJ TI Honey from plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids: A potential threat to health SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE honey; pyrrolizidine alkaloid; food safety; hepatotoxicity ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLLEN SPECTRUM; PHYSICOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES; PALYNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; MEDICINAL-PLANTS; RAT MILK; CHROMATOGRAPHY; TAJIKISTAN; INDIA AB Following scientific risk assessments, several countries have imposed strict regulations on herbal medicines containing 1,2-dehydro-pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Using published data on the plants used in honey production, pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants are shown in this review to represent a significant source of honey worldwide. This observation, honey consumption data, reported levels of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in honeys, and consideration of tolerable exposure levels determined for pyrrolizidine alkaloids in herbal medicines, leads to the conclusion that some honey is a potential threat to health, especially for infants and fetuses, and further investigation is warranted. C1 CSIRO, Livestock Ind, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. Univ Bonn, Inst Pharmazeut, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Edgar, JA (reprint author), CSIRO, Livestock Ind, PB 24, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. NR 133 TC 84 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 8 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 10 BP 2719 EP 2730 DI 10.1021/jf0114482 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 547WG UT WOS:000175355200001 PM 11982390 ER PT J AU Shelver, WL Smith, DJ AF Shelver, WL Smith, DJ TI Application of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of ractopamine in incurred samples from food animals SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE beta-agonist; ELISA; monoclonal antibody; ractopamine; residue ID BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS; CLENBUTEROL RESIDUES; TISSUE RESIDUES; ILLEGAL USE; HYDROCHLORIDE; METABOLISM; CONSUMPTION; IMMUNOASSAY; GROWTH; LIVER AB A monoclonal antibody-based ractopamine immunoassay has been applied to incurred samples from sheep and cattle. Results obtained by immunoassay were compared with those from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Three sets of sample extracts containing primarily unmetabolized ractopamine were analyzed, Correlation of HPLC with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for beef liver samples gave an r(2) = 0.98 despite rather low ractopamine concentrations (range 1.1-13.4 ng/mL, n = 6). Ractopamine concentrations in cow urine samples treated by solid phase extraction, to remove ractopamine metabolites, also showed a high correlation between the HPLC and the ELISA results (r(2) = 0.95, range 1.0-275 ng/mL, n = 61). In contrast, HPLC and ELISA analyses of ractopamine in sheep urine were not well-correlated (r(2) = 0.58, range 0.85-51 ng/mL, n = 34). When ractopamine conjugates in urine samples were hydrolyzed with hydrolytic enzymes, ELISA and HPLC methods were highly correlated [r(2) = 0.94 for sheep (range 123-10 554 ppb, n = 60) and an r(2) = 0.98 for cattle (range 14-8159 ppb, n = 62)]. Tissues contained only minute amounts of ractopamine, and after 7-day withdrawal periods, less than 1 ppb of free ractopamine was detected. Ractopamine was rapidly metabolized in both cattle and sheep. The difference in ractopamine concentration of urine samples before and after hydrolysis indicated that only 1-5% of ractopamine was excreted unmetabolized. Results from this study indicate that the monoclonal antibody-based ELISA could be useful for a sensitive, quantitative, or qualitative ractopamine screening assay. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Univ Stn 5674, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Shelver, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Univ Stn 5674, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 24 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 8 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 10 BP 2742 EP 2747 DI 10.1021/jf011372 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 547WG UT WOS:000175355200003 PM 11982392 ER PT J AU Ou, B Hampsch-Woodill, M Flanagan, J Deemer, EK Prior, RL Huang, DJ AF Ou, B Hampsch-Woodill, M Flanagan, J Deemer, EK Prior, RL Huang, DJ TI Novel fluorometric assay for hydroxyl radical prevention capacity using fluorescein as the probe SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE assay; polyphenolics; hydroxyl radicals; preventive antioxidant; Fenton reaction ID ABSORBENCY CAPACITY; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; IN-VIVO; MECHANISM AB A novel fluorometricmethod has been developed to evaluate hydroxyl radical prevention capacity using fluorescein (FL) as the probe. The hydroxyl radical is generated by a Co(II)-mediated Fenton-like reaction, and the hydroxyl radical formation under the experimental condition is indirectly confirmed by the hydroxylation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The fluorescence decay curve of FL is monitored in the absence or presence of antioxidant, the area under the fluorescence decay curve (AUC) is integrated, and the net AUC, which is an index of the hydroxy l radical prevention capacity, is calculated by subtracting the AUC of the blank from that of the antioxidant. Gallic acid is chosen as a reference standard, and the activity of sample is expressed as gallic acid equivalents. The method is rigorously validated through linearity, precision, accuracy, and ruggedness. A wide range of phenolic antioxidants is analyzed, and the hydroxyl radical prevention capacity is mainly due to the metal-chelating capability of the compounds. C1 Brunswick Labs, Wareham, MA 02571 USA. ARS, Arkansas Childrens Nutr Ctr, USDA, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. RP Huang, DJ (reprint author), Brunswick Labs, 6 Thatcher Lane, Wareham, MA 02571 USA. RI Huang, Dejian/A-7439-2010 NR 19 TC 152 Z9 158 U1 8 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 8 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 10 BP 2772 EP 2777 DI 10.1021/jf011480w PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 547WG UT WOS:000175355200008 PM 11982397 ER PT J AU Hotchkiss, AT Savary, BJ Cameron, RG Chau, HK Brouillette, J Luzio, GA Fishman, ML AF Hotchkiss, AT Savary, BJ Cameron, RG Chau, HK Brouillette, J Luzio, GA Fishman, ML TI Enzymatic modification of pectin to increase its calcium sensitivity while preserving its molecular weight SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pectin methylesterase; pectin deesterification; molecular weight; intrinsic viscosity; calcium sensitivity; HPSEC; NMR ID GALACTURONIC ACID DISTRIBUTION; TOMATO PECTINESTERASE; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; METHYL ESTERASE; ACTION PATTERNS; PH; ENDOPOLYGALACTURONASE; PECTINMETHYLESTERASE; ESTERIFICATION AB A commercial high-methoxy citrus pectin was treated with a purified salt-independent pectin methylesterase (PME) isozyme isolated from Valencia orange peel to prepare a series of deesterified pectins. A series of alkali-deesterified pectins was also prepared at pH 10 under conditions permitting beta-elimination. Analysis of these pectins using high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) with on-line multiangle laser light-scattering, differential viscometer, and refractive index (RI) detectors revealed no reduction in weight-average molecular weight (M(w); 150000) in the PME-treated pectin series, whereas a 16% reduction in intrinsic viscosity (IV) occurred below a degree of esterification (DE) of 47%. In contrast, alkali deesterification rapidly reduced both M(w) and IV to less than half of that observed for untreated pectin. PME treatment of a non-calcium-sensitive citrus pectin introduced calcium sensitivity with only a 6% reduction in the DE. Triad blocks of unesterified galacturonic acid were observed in (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of this calcium-sensitive pectin (CSP). These results demonstrate that the orange salt-independent PME isozyme utilizes a blockwise mode of action. This is the first report of the preparation of a CSP by PME treatment without significant loss of the pectin's M(w) due to depolymerization. C1 ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. ARS, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, USDA, Winter Haven, FL 33883 USA. Hercules Inc, Wilmington, DE 19808 USA. RP Hotchkiss, AT (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM ahotchkiss@arserrc.gov NR 44 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 8 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 10 BP 2931 EP 2937 DI 10.1021/jf011187w PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 547WG UT WOS:000175355200033 PM 11982422 ER PT J AU Kays, SE Barton, FE AF Kays, SE Barton, FE TI Near-infrared analysis of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber fractions of cereal food products SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dietary fiber; near-infrared; NIR; cereal ID REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-SUGAR; PREDICTION; ERROR; BRAN AB The use of near-infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy for the rapid and accurate measurement of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber was explored in a diverse group of cereal products. Ground samples were analyzed for soluble and insoluble dietary fiber (AOAC Method 991.43) and scanned (NIRSystems 6500 monochromator) to obtain NIR spectra. Modified PLS models were developed to predict insoluble and soluble dietary fiber using data sets expanded to include products with high fat and high sugar contents. The models predicted insoluble dietary fiber accurately with an SECV of 1.54% and an R-2 of 0.98 (AOAC determined range of 0-48.77%) and soluble dietary fiber less accurately with an SECV of 1.15% and an R-2 of 0.82 (AOAC determined range of 0-13.84%). Prediction of independent validation samples by the soluble fiber model resulted in a bias that may be related to the way the reference method treats samples with different soluble fiber constituents. The insoluble fiber model can be used to rapidly monitor insoluble dietary fiber in cereal products for nutrition labeling. C1 USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Kays, SE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 8 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 10 BP 3024 EP 3029 DI 10.1021/jf0116552 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 547WG UT WOS:000175355200047 PM 11982436 ER PT J AU Schatzki, TF Haddon, WF AF Schatzki, TF Haddon, WF TI Rapid, non-destructive selection of peanuts for high aflatoxin content by soaking and tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE peanut; aflatoxin; nondestructive analysis; tandem MS; spatial distribution of aflatoxin in peanuts; aflatoxin extraction by dipping; high-speed analysis; elimination of interfering peaks by statistics; peanut training set for aflatoxin sorting ID FARMERS STOCK PEANUTS; PISTACHIOS; LOTS AB Peanut lots are subject to aflatoxin levels high enough to cause concern to health agencies and trade channels. A possible solution would be to mechanically sort out high aflatoxin nuts from the process stream. Only highly contaminated nuts would need to be removed. However, there exists at present no sorting mechanism which meets commercial needs of adequate reduction and product preservation. To build such a sorter requires knowledge of the properties that can be used for sorting. The first step in the design is to select on the order of one hundred undamaged contaminated nuts which can be compared with noncontaminated ones. Because contaminated nuts are rare, a very large number of nuts needs to be examined nondestructively. We present a method to rapidly carry out such a selection. The method is based on dipping nuts into extraction fluid and examining the resulting fluid by tandem MS without preliminary cleanup. This method has been applied to examine over 65,000 nuts, yielding approximately 120 nuts, each containing more than 250-43000 ng/g aflatoxin (depending on process stream). C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Schatzki, TF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St,Pacific W Area, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD MAY 8 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 10 BP 3062 EP 3069 DI 10.1021/jf010848m PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 547WG UT WOS:000175355200053 PM 11982442 ER PT J AU Whiting, RC Golden, MH AF Whiting, RC Golden, MH TI Variation among Escherichia coli O157 : H7 strains relative to their growth, survival, thermal inactivation, and toxin production in broth SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE modeling; distributions; microbial pathogens; risk assessments ID QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT; RESPONSE-SURFACE MODELS; MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY; LISTERIA; DISTRIBUTIONS; VARIABILITY; RESISTANCE; BEEF AB To estimate the potential outcomes of food processing on the fate of foodborne pathogens, variations in microbial parameters such as growth rate, survival time, thermal inactivation time, and toxin production must be known. Previous microbial studies using single strains or cocktails provide error estimates for the uncertainty of the experimental and statistical procedures, but not for variations among strains. In this study, the behavior of 17 strains of Escherichia toll O157:H7 were followed when placed in synthetic media that permitted growth, survival, or thermal inactivation. The parameter values were not rejected as being normal, lognormal, gamma. or Weibull distributions. The ratio of the standard deviation to mean (normal distribution) for the exponential growth rate was 0.16 and for the lag phase duration, it was 0.38. The ratios of times to achieve a 4 - log(10) reduction at two survival conditions were 0.39 and 0.46: ratios of thermal D values at 5 and 60 degreesC were 0.42 and 0.33, respectively. The ratio of the negative log(10) of toxin production was 0.24. These distributions are larger than the coefficient of variations observed for experimental errors in single strain and cocktail experiments. This indicates the limitations in precision that predictions of future population numbers can have when the potential presence of all strains needs to be considered. This variation among strains is applicable whether predictions are made by traditional subjective and point estimates or by using models and risk assessments. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Whiting, RC (reprint author), 1500 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. NR 32 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD MAY 5 PY 2002 VL 75 IS 1-2 BP 127 EP 133 AR PII S0168-1605(02)00003-X DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00003-X PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 538LQ UT WOS:000174817800013 PM 11999109 ER PT J AU Song, J Kwon, O Chen, SL Daruwala, R Eck, P Park, JB Levine, M AF Song, J Kwon, O Chen, SL Daruwala, R Eck, P Park, JB Levine, M TI Flavonoid inhibition of sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 (SVCT1) and glucose transporter isoform 2 (GLUT2), intestinal transporters for vitamin C and glucose SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; L-ASCORBIC-ACID; DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID; HUMAN-NEUTROPHILS; DIABETES-MELLITUS; DNA-DAMAGE; QUERCETIN; ABSORPTION; CELLS; FAMILY AB Vitamin C and flavonoids, polyphenols with uncertain function, are abundant in fruits and vegetables. We postulated that flavonoids have a novel regulatory action of delaying or inhibiting absorption of vitamin C and glucose, which are structurally similar. From six structural classes of flavonoids, at least 12 compounds were chosen for studies. We investigated the effects of selected flavonoids on the intestinal vitamin C transporter SVCT1(h) by transfecting and overexpressing SVCT1(h) in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Flavonoids reversibly inhibited vitamin C transport in transfected cells with IC50 values of 10-50 muM, concentrations expected to have physiologic consequences. The most potent inhibitor class was flavonols, of which quercetin is most abundant in foods. Because Chinese hamster ovary cells have endogenous vitamin C transport, we expressed SVCT1(h) in Xenopus laevis oocytes to study the mechanism of transport inhibition. Quercetin was a reversible and non-competitive inhibitor of ascorbate transport; K-i 17.8 muM. Quercetin was a potent non-competitive inhibitor of GLUT2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes; K-i 22.8 muM. When diabetic rats were administered glucose with quercetin, hyperglycemia was significantly decreased compared with administration of glucose alone. Quercetin also significantly decreased ascorbate absorption in normal rats given ascorbate plus quercetin compared with rats given ascorbate alone. Quercetin was a specific transport inhibitor, because it did not inhibit intestinal sugar transporters GLUT5 and SGLT1 that were injected and expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Quercetin inhibited but was not transported by SVCT1(h). Considered together, these data show that flavonoids modulate vitamin C and glucose transport by their respective intestinal transporters and suggest a new function for flavonoids. C1 NIDDK, Mol & Clin Nutr Sect, Digest Dis Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. USDA, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Levine, M (reprint author), NIDDK, Mol & Clin Nutr Sect, Digest Dis Branch, NIH, Bldg 10,Rm 4D52,MSC 1372, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Chen, Shenglin/B-4049-2010; OI Eck, Peter/0000-0003-2371-9774 NR 58 TC 114 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAY 3 PY 2002 VL 277 IS 18 BP 15252 EP 15260 DI 10.1074/jbc.M110496200 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 550PA UT WOS:000175510400007 PM 11834736 ER PT J AU Gomez, JA Vanderlinden, K Giraldez, JV Fereres, E AF Gomez, JA Vanderlinden, K Giraldez, JV Fereres, E TI Rainfall concentration under olive trees SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE rainfall redistribution; stemflow; olive trees; spatial correlation ID INTERCEPTION LOSS; RADIATION INTERCEPTION; STEMFLOW CONTRIBUTION; GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; PLOT SCALE; THROUGHFALL; CANOPY; SOIL; FOREST; MODEL AB To determine the existence of rainfall concentration beneath olive trees, throughfall and stemflow was measured in three olive trees during 12 rainfall events, using 36 rain gauges per tree and a stemflow collection system. Data from different rainfall events were aggregated to assess the spatial correlation in throughfall. Only one out of the three trees showed a clear spatial dependency structure. Rainfall concentration under the tree canopy, as a consequence of rainfall redistribution of throughfall, was relatively unimportant with few and sparse locations showing a percentage of throughfall with respect to rainfall in open area > 100% and none above 125%. Throughfall showed a consistent storm to storm pattern in spatial distribution among high rainfall events, and nonconsistent patterns among low rainfall events. Stemflow was found to be the most important mechanism of canopy induced flux concentration, in events where rainfall depth was large enough to saturate the olive canopy. Stemflow was estimated to infiltrate in a radial area up to 0.5 m from the tree trunk, depending on tree characteristics and rainfall intensity. The area surrounding the tree trunk appears to be the most relevant area for potential research dealing with the influence of concentrated canopy induced water fluxes on the transport of chemicals to deeper layers within the soil. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CSIC, Inst Agr Sostenible, Cordoba 14080, Spain. Univ Cordoba, Dept Agron, E-14080 Cordoba, Spain. ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, USDA, MWA, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. RP Fereres, E (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Agr Sostenible, POB 4084, Cordoba 14080, Spain. RI Vanderlinden, Karl/B-5410-2008; Gomez, Jose/F-5418-2011 OI Vanderlinden, Karl/0000-0002-2396-7965; Gomez, Jose/0000-0002-3457-8420 NR 35 TC 32 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD MAY 2 PY 2002 VL 55 IS 1 BP 53 EP 70 AR PII S0378-3774(01)00181-0 DI 10.1016/S0378-3774(01)00181-0 PG 18 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 531JH UT WOS:000174411900004 ER PT J AU Sauer, TJ Moore, PA Ham, JM Bland, WL Prueger, JH West, CP AF Sauer, TJ Moore, PA Ham, JM Bland, WL Prueger, JH West, CP TI Seasonal water balance of an Ozark hillslope SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE water balance; runoff; percolation; evaporation; tall fescue ID GROUNDWATER RECHARGE; FECAL-COLIFORM; RUNOFF; FIELD AB Analysis of field water balance components provides information necessary to minimize the risk of offsite movement of contaminants from crop production practices or animal manure applications. The objective of this study was to determine the timing and amount of surface runoff and drainage from the root zone for a hillslope in the Ozark Highlands of US. A 0.4 ha watershed with slopes of 8-20% having tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cover was established in northwestern Arkansas (35degrees56'W, 93degrees51'N). Continuous measurements of water balance parameters were made from June 1997 to August 1998. Soil water drainage was estimated as the residual of weekly water balance calculations. Runoff occurred in response to three precipitation events in the winter of 1998 and totaled 30.6 mm of water or 2.6% of the 1185 mm of precipitation that fell at the site during the study period. Storms of comparable or greater intensity during other seasons failed to produce runoff, a result that was likely due to dry soil conditions and taller grass canopy. Drainage through the root zone totaled 117 mm and occurred primarily during an 83-day interval in the winter of 1998. The water balance was dominated by evaporation, which accounted for 91% (1080 mm) of the precipitation. Tall fescue was capable of sustaining relatively high evaporation rates between infrequent summer rains thereby dewatering the soil profile, which was not replenished until winter. Delaying spring animal manure applications in the Ozarks until evaporation has increased and the soil profile has begun to dry would decrease the risk of offsite transport of potential contaminants contained in the manure. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. ARS, USDA, Fayetteville, AR USA. RP Sauer, TJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD MAY 2 PY 2002 VL 55 IS 1 BP 71 EP 82 AR PII S0378-3774(01)00185-8 DI 10.1016/S0378-3774(01)00185-8 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 531JH UT WOS:000174411900005 ER PT J AU Brushwood, DE AF Brushwood, DE TI Metals in domestic and non-domestic cottons and their frictional properties SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Article DE cotton; friction; metals AB Metals in cotton may contribute to problems in yarn manufacturing, bleaching and dyeing, and processing quality. There is also increased concern, due to more stringent EPA requirements, about levels of harmful metals in solid and liquid textile wastes. In this research, cottons from different U.S, and international growing areas were analyzed for eight different metals by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Comparison between metal levels in foreign and domestically grown cottons is presented, Correlations between RotorRing friction and metal content for the different growing areas is also presented. C1 USDA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. RP Brushwood, DE (reprint author), USDA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, POB 792, Clemson, SC 29633 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 2 IS 5 BP 20 EP 24 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 553DP UT WOS:000175660600004 ER PT J AU Kimmel, L Campbell, J Delhom, C Goynes, W Graves, E Parikh, DV Peters, J Von Hoven, T Yachmenev, V Negulescu, I Chen, Y Warnock, M Xu, BG AF Kimmel, L Campbell, J Delhom, C Goynes, W Graves, E Parikh, DV Peters, J Von Hoven, T Yachmenev, V Negulescu, I Chen, Y Warnock, M Xu, BG CA Gulf Coast Sect TI Naturally colored cotton for specialty textile products SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Article C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Kimmel, L (reprint author), USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 2 IS 5 BP 25 EP 29 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 553DP UT WOS:000175660600005 ER PT J AU Cardamone, JM AF Cardamone, JM TI Proteolytic activity of Aspergillus flavus on wool SO AATCC REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Aspergillus flavus; enzyme; wool ID COTTON AB The microbe, Aspergillus flavus, was found to degrade the scales on wool. This fungus (A. flavus) routinely produces a very potent carcinogen, aflatoxin; however, this particular strain, found on wool in spent dyebaths, was found to be atoxigenic. The fungus was isolated from wool, and a spore suspension was used to inoculate wool in a study to establish the optimum conditions for fungal growth and enzymatic proteolytic activity. The extracellular protease activity from the fungal culture was compared to the activities of commercial Aspergillus and Subtilisin proteases. The effects of the enzymatic digestion by these enzymes on scale structure were examined as were the effects of enzymatic digestion on the physical and mechanical properties of wool. C1 USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Cardamone, JM (reprint author), USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC TEXTILE CHEMISTS COLORISTS PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 12215, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 1532-8813 J9 AATCC REV JI AATCC Rev. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 2 IS 5 BP 30 EP 35 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Textiles SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 553DP UT WOS:000175660600006 ER PT J AU Williams, DW Liebhold, AM AF Williams, David W. Liebhold, Andrew M. TI Climate change and the outbreak ranges of two North American bark beetles SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Dendroctonus frontalis; Dendroctonus ponderosae; discriminant analysis; geographical range shift; insect outbreak AB 1 One expected effect of global climate change on insect populations is a shift in geographical distributions toward higher latitudes and higher elevations. Southern pine beetle Dendroctonus frontalis and mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae undergo regional outbreaks that result in large-scale disturbances to pine forests in the south-eastern and western United States, respectively. 2 Our objective was to investigate potential range shifts under climate change of outbreak areas for both bark beetle species and the areas of occurrence of the forest types susceptible to them. 3 To project range changes, we used discriminant function models that incorporated climatic variables. Models to project bark beetle ranges employed changed forest distributions as well as changes in climatic variables. 4 Projected outbreak areas for southern pine beetle increased with higher temperatures and generally shifted northward, as did the distributions of the southern pine forests. 5 Projected outbreak areas for mountain pine beetle decreased with increasing temperature and shifted toward higher elevation. That trend was mirrored in the projected distributions of pine forests in the region of the western U.S. encompassed by the study. 6 Projected outbreak areas for the two bark beetle species and the area of occurrence of western pine forests increased with more precipitation and decreased with less precipitation, whereas the area of occurrence of southern pine forests decreased slightly with increasing precipitation. 7 Predicted shifts of outbreak ranges for both bark beetle species followed general expectations for the effects of global climate change and reflected the underlying long-term distributional shifts of their host forests. C1 [Williams, David W.] US Forest Serv, USDA, North Eastern Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Liebhold, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, USDA, North Eastern Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Williams, DW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 11 Campus Blvd,Suite 200, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. EM dwwilliams@fs.fed.us FU Northern Stations Global Change Program of the USDA Forest Service FX We thank Matthew Ayres, Jesse Logan, John Pye, Timothy Schowalter and two anonymous reviewers for their critical comments and suggestions on the manuscript. We also thank Gregory Bonynge for his assistance in preparing the scenarios. We are grateful to the following individuals for providing maps of bark beetle infestations: Edwin Yockey, USDA Forest Service, Asheville, North Carolina; Katharine Sheehan and Julie Johnson, USDA Forest Service, Portland, Oregon; Kenneth Gibson, USDA Forest Service, Missoula, Montana; and R. Ladd Livingston, Idaho Department of Lands, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. Finally, we thank Richard Birdsey, programme manager of the Northern Stations Global Change Program of the USDA Forest Service, for his financial support of this research. NR 49 TC 93 Z9 103 U1 4 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-9555 EI 1461-9563 J9 AGR FOREST ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 4 IS 2 BP 87 EP 99 DI 10.1046/j.1461-9563.2002.00124.x PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA V32LJ UT WOS:000208952400002 ER PT J AU Vogel, KP Brejda, JJ Walters, DT Buxton, DR AF Vogel, KP Brejda, JJ Walters, DT Buxton, DR TI Switchgrass biomass production in the Midwest USA: Harvest and nitrogen management SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FORAGE AB Information on optimal harvest periods and N fertilization rates for switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) grown as a biomass or bioenergy crop in the Midwest USA is limited. Our objectives were to determine optimum harvest periods and N rates for biomass production in the region. Established stands of 'Cave-in-Rock' switchgrass at Ames, IA, and Mead, NE, were fertilized 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, or 300 kg N ha(-1). Harvest treatments were two- or one-cut treatments per year, with initial harvest starting in late June or early July (Harvest 1) and continuing at approximately 7-d intervals until the latter part of August (Harvest 7). A final eighth harvest was completed after a killing frost. Regrowth was harvested on previously harvested plots at that time. Soil samples were taken before fertilizer was applied in the spring of 1994 and again in the spring of 1996. Averaged over years, optimum biomass yields were obtained when switchgrass was harvested at the maturity stages R3 to R5 (panicle fully emerged from boot to postanthesis) and fertilized with 120 kg N ha(-1). Biomass yields with these treatments averaged 10.5 to 11.2 Mg ha(-1) at Mead and 11.6 to 12.6 Mg ha(-1) at Ames. At this fertility level, the amount of N removed was approximately the same as the amount applied. At rates above this level, soil NO3-N concentrations increased. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Vogel, KP (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 344 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 20 TC 207 Z9 216 U1 1 U2 52 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 94 IS 3 BP 413 EP 420 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 552QH UT WOS:000175630700004 ER PT J AU Halvorson, AD Follett, RF Bartolo, ME Schweissing, FC AF Halvorson, AD Follett, RF Bartolo, ME Schweissing, FC TI Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of furrow-irrigated onion and corn SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID QUALITY AB Furrow-irrigated onion (Allium cepa L.) production, with high N fertilization rates, may be contributing NO3-N to ground water in southeastern Colorado. This study determined the growth and N uptake patterns of onion grown on a silty clay soil, N fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE) of onion, and recovery of residual N fertilizer by corn (Zea mays L.) following onion in rotation. Onion was sampled biweekly from 18 May to 15 Sept. 1998 from plots receiving 0 and 224 kg N ha(-1). Nonlabeled N and labeled N-15 fertilizer were band-applied near the onion row in split applications of 112 kg N ha(-1) each on 18 May and 25 June. Onion dry matter accumulation was slow from planting to about late May, followed by a rapid increase in biomass production and N uptake. Because residual soil NO3-N was high, N fertilization resulted in only a small increase in bulb yield. Greatest demand for N by onion occurred during bulb development. Fertilizer N recovery by onion was 11 and 19% for May and June N applications (average 15%), respectively. Much of the fertilizer N remained in the tipper 60-cm soil profile at harvest and had moved toward the onion bed center. Fertilizer N-15 detected at 180-cm soil depth indicated leaching losses front the root zone. The unfertilized 1999 corn crop recovered 24% of fertilizer N applied to onion for a total fertilizer N uptake by the two crops of 39%. Delaying N fertilizer application until onion bulbing begins may improve NFUE. Planting corn directly on the previous onion bed may result in greater N fertilizer recovery by corn. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Arkansas Valley Res Cent, Rocky Ford, CO 81067 USA. RP Halvorson, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB E, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 29 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 94 IS 3 BP 442 EP 449 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 552QH UT WOS:000175630700008 ER PT J AU Gao, W Grant, RH Heisler, GM Slusser, JR AF Gao, W Grant, RH Heisler, GM Slusser, JR TI A geometric ultraviolet-B radiation transfer model applied to vegetation canopies SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SKY RADIANCE DISTRIBUTIONS; PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; IRRADIANCE; PLANTS; DIFFUSE AB The decrease in stratospheric ozone (O-3) has prompted continued efforts to assess the potential damage to plant and animal life due to enhanced levels of solar ultraviolet (UV)-B (280-320 nm) radiation. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate an analytical model to simulate the UV-B irradiance loading on horizontal below-canopy surfaces, as influenced by vegetation. The UV-B irradiance above canopy and transmitted to below-canopy points was measured in a widely spaced orchard and in a closely spaced maize (Zea mays L.) crop during cloud-free days, with solar zenith angle ranging from 20degrees to 80degrees. The sky view fraction was typically 0.59 for the orchard and 0.28 for the maize canopy. Transmitted irradiance fractions were simulated and compared to measured fractions. Measured and simulated values of UV-B canopy transmittance generally agreed well both for points in locations shaded by plant crowns and for points below the top of the canopy that were not shaded. The model had mean bias errors of 0.04 and 0.03 for the orchard and maize canopies respectively, and the root mean squared error of the model was 0.08 for orchard and 0.06 for maize. The model can serve as a much-needed tool to examine UV-B irradiance loading of organisms below tree canopies and of sensitive plant surfaces in and below tree and vegetation canopies. C1 Colorado State Univ, USDA, UVB Radiat Monitoring & Res Progr, Coop Inst Res Atmos, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, USDA, UVB Radiat Monitoring & Res Progr, Nat Resourc Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Gao, W (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, USDA, UVB Radiat Monitoring & Res Progr, Coop Inst Res Atmos, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016 NR 28 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 94 IS 3 BP 475 EP 482 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 552QH UT WOS:000175630700012 ER PT J AU Belesky, DP Fedders, JM Ruckle, JM Turner, KE AF Belesky, DP Fedders, JM Ruckle, JM Turner, KE TI Bermudagrass-white clover-bluegrass sward production and botanical dynamics SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID WARM-SEASON GRASSES; FORAGE YIELD; COOL-SEASON; MIXTURES; QUALITY; GROWTH; SWITCHGRASS AB Cool-season forages dominate pastures in the Appalachian region where midsummer weather conditions often depress productivity. Warm-season forages can buffer variation in available herbage, but land resources may limit the area dedicated to special-use crops. A replicated field plot experiment was conducted for 3 yr (1995-1997) in a bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) stand oversown with Kentucky bluegrass (Poapratensis L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) to determine the influence of defoliation on productivity, nutritive value, and botanical dynamics of the mixture. Botanical composition changed with defoliation and varied among years. Bermudagrass comprised as much as 55% of the sward in mid- and late-season 1995. By 1997, the proportion was similar to other grasses and rarely exceeded 20%. Maximum instantaneous growth rates occurred later in the growing season in 1995 when bermudagrass was a dominant sward component compared with subsequent years when bermudagrass was <10% of the sward. Rates in 1995 were greatest for swards clipped at 6-wk intervals (70 kg ha(-1) d(-1)) or when 20-cm tall and least when clipped at 2-wk intervals (33 kg ha(-1) d(-1)) and at 10-cm height (45 kg ha(-1) d(-1)). The trend was reversed by 1997 when sward composition shifted away from bermudagrass to cool-season grasses and white clover. Yields were greatest when cool-season species dominated the sward. Creating a self-regulating mixture of warm- and cool-season perennial forages may be a means of achieving some stability in sward productivity and might be useful where wide fluctuations in growing conditions occur among years. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Cent, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Belesky, DP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Farming Syst Res Cent, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 94 IS 3 BP 575 EP 584 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 552QH UT WOS:000175630700024 ER PT J AU Glaz, B Edme, SJ Miller, JD Milligan, SB Holder, DG AF Glaz, B Edme, SJ Miller, JD Milligan, SB Holder, DG TI Sugarcane cultivar response to high summer water tables in the everglades SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AGRICULTURAL AREA; FLORIDA AB Sugarcane (interspecific hybrids of Saccharum spp.) in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) in Florida is frequently subjected to periods of higher-than-desired water levels. This study was conducted to evaluate yields of nine sugarcane cultivars subjected to two higher-than-conventional water tables in the FAA during the summer rainy season from the plant cane through the second-ratoon annual crop cycles. Field experiments were planted in February 1997 and January 1998. During the summers from 1997 through 1999, we sought to maintain water <15 cm below the soil surface (BSS) in the wetter field and from 15 to 38 cm BSS in the drier field. Water tables for sugarcane in the EAA fluctuate from 40 to 95 ern BSS. Targeted water levels were achieved for 40 d in 1997, 104 d in 1998, and 96 d in 1999 in the wetter field and for 35 d in 1997, 96 d in 1998, and 82 d in 1999 in the drier field. The mean sugar per hectare in the wetter field was 91.7% that of the drier field. Yields of 'Canal Point (CP) 72-2086' and 'CP 82-1172' were not affected by water table. Cultivar CP 85-1308 had higher yields in the wetter field in two of five harvests. Sugar per hectare of 'CP 80-1743' was reduced by 25.1% in the wetter field. The variability among commercial cultivars to maintain yields at high water tables suggests that routine screening of promising sugarcane genotypes under high water tables would help identify more cultivars that maintain high yields in wetter conditions in the EAA. C1 USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. US Sugar Corp, Clewiston, FL 33440 USA. RP Glaz, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Hwy 441, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 94 IS 3 BP 624 EP 629 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 552QH UT WOS:000175630700029 ER PT J AU Variyam, JN Blaylock, J Smallwood, D AF Variyam, JN Blaylock, J Smallwood, D TI Characterizing the distribution of macronutrient intake among US adults: A quantile regression approach SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE diet quality; health risk; heteroskedasticity; nutrition ID INFORMATION; MODELS; DEMAND; HEALTH AB Since the risk of dietary inadequacy or excess is greater at the tails of the nutrient intake distributions than at the mean, marginal effects of explanatory variables estimated at the conditional mean using ordinary least square, may be of limited value in characterizing these distributions, Quantile regression is effective in this situation since it can estimate conditional functions at any part of the distribution. Quantile regression results suggest that age, education, and income ha c a larger influence at intake levels where the risk of excess is greater compared with intake levels where the risk of excess is lower. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Variyam, JN (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-9092 J9 AM J AGR ECON JI Am. J. Agr. Econ. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 84 IS 2 BP 454 EP 466 DI 10.1111/1467-8276.00310 PG 13 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 546XY UT WOS:000175302700015 ER PT J AU Hickenbottom, SJ Follett, JR Lin, YM Dueker, SR Burri, BJ Neidlinger, TR Clifford, AJ AF Hickenbottom, SJ Follett, JR Lin, YM Dueker, SR Burri, BJ Neidlinger, TR Clifford, AJ TI Variability in conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A in men as measured by using a double-tracer study design SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE carotene; vitamin A activity; beta-carotene; retinol; stable isotope; tracer; men ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; SERUM CAROTENOIDS; VEGETABLES; FRUITS; ABSORPTION; RETINOIDS; DIETARY; STATES; PLASMA AB Background: The vitamin A activity of beta-carotene is variable and surprisingly low in women. The reasons for this are not well understood. The vitamin A activity of beta-carotene in men is still uncertain. Contributions of dietary factors compared with individual traits are largely unknown. Objective: Our objective was to measure the intrinsic variability in the vitamin A activity of beta-carotene among healthy, well-fed men living in a controlled environment. Design: We used a double-tracer test-retest design. We dosed I I healthy men orally with 30 mumol hexadeuterated (D-6) retinyl acetate (all-trans-19,19,19,20,20,20-[H-2(6)]retinyl acetate) and then with 37 mumol D6 P-carotene (19,19,19,19',19',19'-[H-2(6)]p-carotene) 1 wk later. Doses were taken with breakfasts containing 16 a fat. We measured D-6 retinol, D-6 beta-carotene, and trideuterated (D-3) retinol (derived from D-6 beta-carotene) concentrations in plasma. Areas under the plasma concentration x time since dosing curves (AUCs) were determined for D-6 retinol, D-6 beta-carotene, and D-3 retinol. Results: All men had detectable D-6 retinol concentrations in plasma. The mean (+/-SE) absorption of D-6 beta-carotene in all subjects was 2.235 +/- 0.925%, and the mean conversion ratio was 0.0296 +/- 0.0108 mol retinol to I mol beta-carotene. Only 6 of 11 men had sufficient plasma concentrations of D-6 beta-carotene and D-3 retinol that we could measure. The mean absorption of D-6 beta-carotene in these 6 subjects was 4.097 +/- 1.208%, and the mean conversion ratio was 0.0540 +/- 0.0128 mol retinol to 1 mol beta-carotene. Conclusion: The vitamin A activity of beta-carotene, even when measured under controlled conditions, can be surprisingly low and variable. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. RP Clifford, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-48307] NR 38 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 75 IS 5 BP 900 EP 907 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 545CA UT WOS:000175197600016 PM 11976165 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, IH AF Rosenberg, IH TI Is it time to standardize and to measure blood homocysteine levels in patients with heart disease? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Rosenberg, IH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 112 IS 7 BP 582 EP 583 DI 10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01107-5 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 551ZR UT WOS:000175594300013 PM 12015254 ER PT J AU Li, H Snowder, GD Crawford, TB AF Li, H Snowder, GD Crawford, TB TI Effect of passive transfer of maternal immune components on infection with ovine herpesvirus 2 in lambs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MALIGNANT CATARRHAL FEVER; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SHEEP; VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; RUMINANTS; ANTIBODY; PCR AB Objective-To define the role of passively tranferred immunity in protection against early infection with ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) in lambs. Animals-15 adult sheep and 34 lambs. Procedures-2 groups of animals were used, including 15 lambs born to OvHV-2-free ewes and 19 lambs born to OvHV-2-positive ewes. After nursing colostrum, all lambs and their dams were introduced into a flock positive for OvHV-2. Blood was obtained from the lambs every 2 weeks and examined by PCR assay and competitive inhibition ELISA. Results-None of the animals had positive results by PCR analysis for samples obtained approximately 2 weeks after introduction into the flock. In the group of lambs from OvHV-2-infected ewes, 5 of 19 had positive results at 1 month of age and 17 of 19 by 5 months of age. In the group of offspring from OvHV2-negative ewes, only 1 of 15 had positive results at 1 month of age, and the number reached 12 of 15 by 5 months of age. All lambs in both groups had positive results by 6 months. An active antibody response to the virus was detected in animals within 3 weeks after viral DNA became detectable in the blood. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Analysis suggests that passively transferred immunity does not play an important role in the delay of infection with OvHV-2 in lambs. Age also does not seem to influence susceptibility. The rate of infection in young lambs may simply be a reflection of the intensity of viral exposure in their environment. C1 Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA ARS, 3003 Anim Dis Biotechnol Facil, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 63 IS 5 BP 631 EP 633 DI 10.2460/ajvr.2002.63.631 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 547YZ UT WOS:000175361800001 PM 12013459 ER PT J AU Wang, TTY AF Wang, TTY TI beta-naphthoflavone, an inducer of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, inhibits firefly luciferase activity SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MAMMALIAN-CELLS; GENE; INDUCTION; EXPRESSION; BINDING C1 USDA ARS, Phytonutrients Lab, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP USDA ARS, Phytonutrients Lab, BHNRC, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wang@307.bhnrc.usda.gov NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 EI 1096-0309 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 304 IS 1 BP 122 EP 126 DI 10.1006/abio.2001.5562 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 548VF UT WOS:000175410000014 PM 11969196 ER PT J AU Zuniga, G Cisneros, R Hayes, JL Macias-Samano, J AF Zuniga, G Cisneros, R Hayes, JL Macias-Samano, J TI Karyology, geographic distribution, and origin of the genus Dendroctonus Erichson (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material DE Dendroctonus; karyology; geographic origin; evolution ID EVOLUTION; SPECIALIZATION; POPULATIONS; RATES AB Several revisions of the taxonomy of the scolytid genus Dendroctonus have been reported during the last century. These have been based on the external morphology and biology of adults, karyology, and most recently molecular genetics. Using karyological data-chromosomal number and mechanism of sex determination-from 119 Dendroctonus populations representing 16 of the 19 species currently recognized, we determined rate of chromosomal evolution and evolutionary phases of this genus. The karyological formulae vary from 5 AA + neo-XY (2n=12) to 14 AA + Xyp (2n=30). The modal number of chromosomes is 2n=30, with a mean 2n value of 23.37 and coefficient of variation of 31.67%. These values indicate that Dendroctonus has a high rate of chromosomal diversity and that its evolutionary phase is of regression. Theoretically, the genus should be composed of specialist species with relatively low chromosomal numbers; however, this is not the case. We also used chromosomal evidence to examine the suspected Mexican origin for Dendroctonus. We posed two hypotheses to explain the karyological diversification and current distribution of Dendroctonus species. The first considered that diversification of the karyotype originated from species with 14 AA + Xyp during its dispersion southward with its hosts (Pinus spp.) in North America. The second assumed that karyological diversification of Dendroctonus occurred during the dispersion of the genus toward Eurasia and southward in North America and that the increases and decreases in number of chromosomes originated from an ancestral karyotype between 18 and 22 chromosomes. Evidence for each hypothesis is discussed. C1 Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Dept Zool, Lab Variac Biol & Evoluc, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry & Range Sci Lab, La Grande, OR 97850 USA. Colegio Frontera Sur, Grp Ecol Quim Insectos, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico. RP Zuniga, G (reprint author), Inst Politecn Nacl, Escuela Nacl Ciencias Biol, Dept Zool, Lab Variac Biol & Evoluc, Prol Carpio & Plan Ayala S-N, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 95 IS 3 BP 267 EP 275 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095[0267:KGDAOO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 600CN UT WOS:000178373200001 ER PT J AU Zhu, YC Williams, L AF Zhu, YC Williams, L TI Detecting the egg parasitoid Anaphes iole (Hymenoptera : Mymaridae) in tarnished plant bug (Heteroptera : Miridae) eggs by using a molecular approach SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Lygus lineolaris; Anaphes iole; biological control; egg parasitoid; Mymaridae; Miridae ID INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; SPECIES ANOPHELES-FREEBORNI; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; DIURAPHIS-NOXIA; 2 STRAINS; APHELINIDAE; MARKERS; LYGUS; TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE; HEMIPTERA AB Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to develop a specific molecular marker for detection of immature stages of the egg parasitoid Anaphes iole Girault developing within its host, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois). Ribosomal DNA sequences for the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) were cloned and sequenced from adult A. iole and L. lineolaris. PCR amplification of genomic DNA using primers designed on the basis of these rDNA sequences, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis, successfully detected eggs and larvae of the parasitoid within L. lineolaris eggs. This molecular method is highly specific and sensitive. A 661-bp wasp DNA fragment was consistently amplified from pure DNA extracted from a single wasp, from a DNA mixture prepared from a wasp and an L. lineolaris egg, and from a DNA mixture prepared from a wasp, an L. lineolaris egg, and alfalfa tissue. The presence of plant tissue did not hinder detection of A. iole within host eggs. With this PCR technique, as low as 5x10(-6) wasp DNA equivalent (1.2 pg DNA) could be easily detected. The PCR technique provided more rapid detection of parasitism rates than observed by rearing parasitized host eggs in artificial oviposition packets. PCR technology shows promise for early and sensitive detection and identification of single and multiple species of egg parasitoids in agricultural and natural systems. C1 ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Jamie Whitten Delta State Res Ctr, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Zhu, YC (reprint author), ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Jamie Whitten Delta State Res Ctr, USDA, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM yczhu@ars.usda.gov NR 31 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0013-8746 EI 1938-2901 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 95 IS 3 BP 359 EP 365 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095[0359:DTEPAI]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 600CN UT WOS:000178373200013 ER PT J AU Snodgrass, GL AF Snodgrass, GL TI Characteristics of a red-eye mutant of the tarnished plant bug (Heteroptera : Miridae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Lygus lineolaris; tarnished plant bug; mutants; eye color ID FRUIT-FLY; TEPHRITIDAE; DIPTERA; POPULATIONS AB Normal eye color of the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), is dark purplish-black. A strain homozygous for a new mutation, red eye color, was established and reared in the laboratory for >5 yr. The mutant phenotype is controlled by a single autosomal recessive allele. The gene symbol assigned to this new mutant is r. Laboratory tests showed that egg production and egg viability in the red-eye mutant females were not different from that of normal-eye females. Expression of the red-eye mutation was not found in extensive samples of wild populations in the Mississippi River Delta, and was rare in populations near Crossett, AR, where the original mutant was found. The mutant strain could be of use as a genetic marker in studying reproductive behavior and population dynamics of this important pest species. C1 ARS, So Insect Management Res Lab, USDA, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Snodgrass, GL (reprint author), ARS, So Insect Management Res Lab, USDA, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 95 IS 3 BP 366 EP 369 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095[0366:COAREM]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 600CN UT WOS:000178373200014 ER PT J AU Vega, FE Benavides, P Stuart, JA O'Neill, SL AF Vega, FE Benavides, P Stuart, JA O'Neill, SL TI Wolbachia infection in the coffee berry borer (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Wolbachia; Hypothenemus; coffee berry borer; endosymbionts ID MALE-KILLING WOLBACHIA; CYTOPLASMIC INCOMPATIBILITY; ENDOSYMBIONT WOLBACHIA; ARTHROPODS; BEETLE; PARTHENOGENESIS; HYMENOPTERA; DROSOPHILA; SEQUENCES; BACTERIA AB A nested polymerase chain reaction protocol yielded positive detection of the maternally inherited cytoplasmic proteobacterium Wolbachia in total genomic DNA from coffee berry borers collected in Benin, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, India, Kenya, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Uganda. Wolbachia was not detected in specimens from Cameroon, the Dominican Republic, Indonesia, Jamaica, and Peru. Amplified bands from India and Brazil were cloned and sequenced. The 438-bp sequence clearly conformed to Wolbachia group B and was nearly identical to that of Ephestia kuehniella. The possible implications of Wolbachia infection in the coffee berry borer are discussed. C1 ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Entomol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Queensland, Dept Zool & Entomol, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Vega, FE (reprint author), ARS, Insect Biocontrol Lab, USDA, Bldg 011A,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM vegaf@ba.ars.usda.gov RI O'Neill, Scott/B-3568-2009; OI O'Neill, Scott/0000-0002-4131-3615; Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 NR 38 TC 26 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 13 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 95 IS 3 BP 374 EP 378 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095[0374:WIITCB]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 600CN UT WOS:000178373200016 ER PT J AU Boyd, DW Cohen, AC Alverson, DR AF Boyd, DW Cohen, AC Alverson, DR TI Digestive enzymes and stylet morphology of Deraeocoris nebulosus (Hemiptera : Miridae), a predacious plant bug SO ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Deraeocoris nebulosus; digestive enzymes; Miridae; predator; stylet morphology; omnivory ID ORIGINAL FEEDING-HABITS; LYGUS-HESPERUS; ALPHA-AMYLASE; L-LINEOLARIS; HETEROPTERA; SALIVARY; ADAPTATIONS; INSECTA AB Mixed-feeding habits, such as zoophytophagy, make the ecological roles of many species of insects, especially hemipterans, difficult to assess. To understand the feeding adaptations of the predacious plant bug Deraeocoris nebulosus (Uhler), the digestive enzymes from the salivary glands and anterior midgut were analyzed, and the mouthpart stylets were investigated with scanning electron microscopy. Evidence of trypsin-like enzyme, alpha-glucosidase, and pectinase were found in the salivary glands. Low levels of trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like, elastase-like, and pectinase activity, with high levels of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase activity, were found in the anterior midgut. The insect's right maxillary stylet has two rows of at least six recurved barbs on the inner surface pointing away from the head. This plant bug is equipped mainly for zoophagy but has enzymes that would allow some degree of phytophagy. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Boyd, DW (reprint author), ARS, Small Fruit Res Stn, USDA, POB 287, Poplarville, MS 39470 USA. NR 43 TC 58 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0013-8746 J9 ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM JI Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 95 IS 3 BP 395 EP 401 DI 10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095[0395:DEASMO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 600CN UT WOS:000178373200019 ER PT J AU Bayman, P Baker, JL Doster, MA Michailides, TJ Mahoney, NE AF Bayman, P Baker, JL Doster, MA Michailides, TJ Mahoney, NE TI Ochratoxin production by the Aspergillus ochraceus group and Aspergillus alliaceus SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREEN COFFEE BEANS; MOLDS; CALIFORNIA; STRAINS; FUNGI AB Ochratoxin A is a toxic and carcinogenic fungal secondary metabolite; its presence in foods is increasingly regulated. Various fungi are known to produce ochratoxins, but it is not known which species produce ochratoxins consistently and which species cause ochratoxin contamination of various crops. We isolated fungi in the Aspergillus ochraceus group (section Circumdati) and Aspergillus alliaceus from tree nut orchards, nuts, and figs in California. A total of 72 isolates were grown in potato dextrose broth and yeast extract-sucrose broth for 10 days at 30degreesC and tested for production of ochratoxin A in vitro by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Among isolates from California figs, tree nuts, and orchards, A. ochraceus and Aspergillus melleus were the most common species. No field isolates of A. ochraceus or A. melleus produced ochratoxin A above the level of detection (0.01 mug/ml). All A. alliaceus isolates produced ochratoxin A, up to 30 mug/ml. We examined 50,000 figs for fungal infections and measured ochratoxin content in figs with visible fungal colonies. Pooled figs infected with A. alliaceus contained ochratoxin A, figs infected with the A. ochraceus group had little or none, and figs infected with Penicillium had none. These results suggest that the little-known species A. alliaceus is an important ochratoxin-producing fungus in California and that it may be responsible for the ochratoxin contamination occasionally observed in figs. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Kearney Agr Ctr, Dept Plant Pathol, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Bayman, P (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, POB 23360, San Juan, PR 00931 USA. EM pbayman@upracd.upr.clu.edu NR 30 TC 143 Z9 148 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 68 IS 5 BP 2326 EP 2329 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.5.2326-2329.2002 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 548UB UT WOS:000175407300029 PM 11976104 ER PT J AU Hurd, HS McKean, JD Griffith, RW Wesley, IV Rostagno, MH AF Hurd, HS McKean, JD Griffith, RW Wesley, IV Rostagno, MH TI Salmonella enterica infections in market swine with and without transport and holding SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PIGS; LAIRAGE; TYPHIMURIUM; TIME; WEIGHT; STRESS AB The objective of this study was to compare, by using identical sample types, the Salmonella enterica prevalences and serovar diversities between pigs necropsied on the farm and those necropsied at the abattoir after transport and holding. We necropsied 567 market weight pigs (>70 kg) from six herds. Pigs were alternately assigned to be necropsied on the farm or at the abattoir. One-half of the group was sent in clean, disinfected trailers to slaughter at a commercial abattoir. After transport (mean distance, 169 km) and 2 to 3 h of holding in antemortem pens, these pigs were necropsied. The 50 pigs remaining on the farm were necropsied the following day. The same sample types and amounts were collected for S. enterica culture at both locations. Results show a sevenfold-higher (P < 0.001) S. enterica isolation rate from pigs necropsied at the abattoir (39.9%; 114 of 286) than from those necropsied on the farm (5.3%; 15 of 281). This difference was also observed for each individual herd. All sample types showed a significantly higher prevalence when comparing abattoir to on-farm collection, respectively: lymph nodes, 9.15 versus 3.6%; cecal contents, 13.6 versus 1.8%; 1 g of fecal matter, 25.2 versus 0.7%. Recovery of additional serovars at the abattoir suggests the pigs are receiving S. enterica from extra-farm sources. This study demonstrates that rapid infection during transport, and particularly during holding, is a major reason for increased S. enterica prevalence in swine. This finding identifies the holding pen as an important S. enterica control point in the pork production chain. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50014 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Prevent Med, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hurd, HS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 26 TC 117 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 68 IS 5 BP 2376 EP 2381 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.5.2376-2381.2002 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 548UB UT WOS:000175407300036 PM 11976111 ER PT J AU Dougherty, DP Breidt, F McFeeters, RF Lubkin, SR AF Dougherty, DP Breidt, F McFeeters, RF Lubkin, SR TI Energy-based dynamic model for variable temperature batch fermentation by Lactococcus lactis SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREDICTIVE FOOD MICROBIOLOGY; BACTERIAL-GROWTH; LACTOBACILLUS-PLANTARUM; STRESS CONDITIONS; INHIBITION; EQUATION; CHARGE AB We developed a mechanistic mathematical model for predicting the progression of batch fermentation of cucumber juice by Lactococcus lactis under variable environmental conditions. In order to overcome the deficiencies of presently available models, we use a dynamic energy budget approach to model the dependence of growth on present as well as past environmental conditions. When parameter estimates from independent experimental data are used, our model is able to predict the outcomes of three different temperature shift scenarios. Sensitivity analyses elucidate how temperature affects the metabolism and growth of cells through all four stages of fermentation and reveal that there is a qualitative reversal in the factors limiting growth between low and high temperatures. Our model has an applied use as a predictive tool in batch culture growth. It has the added advantage of being able to suggest plausible and testable mechanistic assumptions about the interplay between cellular energetics and the modes of inhibition by temperature and end product accumulation. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Na Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat & Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Breidt, F (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, 322 Schaub Hall,Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Lubkin, Sharon/F-8802-2011 OI Lubkin, Sharon/0000-0003-2521-0699 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 68 IS 5 BP 2468 EP 2478 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.5.2468-2478.2002 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 548UB UT WOS:000175407300048 PM 11976123 ER PT J AU Holden, PA LaMontagne, MG Bruce, AK Miller, WG Lindow, SE AF Holden, PA LaMontagne, MG Bruce, AK Miller, WG Lindow, SE TI Assessing the role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa surface-active gene expression in hexadecane biodegradation in sand SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHAMNOLIPID BIOSURFACTANT SYNTHESIS; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; GAS-WATER INTERFACE; NONIONIC SURFACTANT; CONTINUOUS CULTURE; ENHANCED REMOVAL; SOIL; HYDROCARBON; FERMENTATION; ASSIMILATION AB Low pollutant substrate bioavailability limits hydrocarbon biodegradation in soils. Bacterially produced surface-active compounds, such as rhamnolipid biosurfactant and the PA bioemulsifying protein produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, can improve bioavailability and biodegradation in liquid culture, but their production and roles in soils are unknown. In this study, we asked if the genes for surface-active compounds are expressed in unsaturated porous media contaminated with hexadecane. Furthermore, if expression does occur, is biodegradation enhanced? To detect expression of genes for surface-active compounds, we fused the gfp reporter gene either to the promoter region of pra, which encodes for the emulsifying PA protein, or to the promoter of the transcriptional activator rhlR. We assessed green fluorescent protein (GFP) production conferred by these gene fusions in P. aeruginosa PG201. GFP was produced in sand culture, indicating that the rhlR and pra genes are both transcribed in unsaturated porous media. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of liquid drops revealed that gfp expression was localized at the hexadecane-water interface. Wild-type PG201 and its mutants that are deficient in either PA protein, rhamnolipid synthesis, or both were studied to determine if the genetic potential to make surface-active compounds confers an advantage to P. aeruginosa biodegrading hexadecane in sand. Hexadecane depletion rates and carbon utilization efficiency in sand culture were the same for wild-type and mutant strains, i.e., whether PG201 was proficient or deficient in surfactant or emulsifier production. Environmental scanning electron microscopy revealed that colonization of sand grains was sparse, with cells in small monolayer clusters instead of multilayered biofilms. Our findings suggest that P. aeruginosa likely produces surface-active compounds in sand culture. However, the ability to produce surface-active compounds did not enhance biodegradation in sand culture because well-distributed cells and well-distributed hexadecane favored direct contact to hexadecane for most cells. In contrast, surface-active compounds enable bacteria in liquid culture to adhere to the hexadecane-water interface when they otherwise would not, and thus production of surface-active compounds is an advantage for hexadecane biodegradation in well-dispersed liquid systems. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. USDA Res Agr Serv, Albany, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Holden, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Sch Environm Sci & Management, 4670 Phys Sci Bldg North, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM holden@bren.ucsb.edu NR 52 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 68 IS 5 BP 2509 EP 2518 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.5.2509-2518.2002 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 548UB UT WOS:000175407300053 PM 11976128 ER PT J AU Morrison, JE AF Morrison, JE TI Strip tillage for "no-till" row crop production SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE strip tillage; no-till; implements; corn; cotton; emergence; yield ID CORN RESPONSE AB "Strip tillage" systems apply tillage procedures only to narrow strips or zones of soil where the individual roll's will be planted for the next crop. The tilled zones are no more than 25% of the field area. Strip tillage procedures for crop production are conservative, wherein the soil remains partially covered with protective residues while crops are planted, fertilized, grown, and harvested in the row zones. The strip tillage literature is reviewed and strip tillage defined for row-crop production in conservation tillage systems. Some technical alternatives are discussed and available commercial implements are identified. Studies were conducted on both small research plots and large on-farm field plots. It was concluded that both deep and shallow types of strip tillage increased corn growth and yield, in some cases over conventional chisel plowing and tandem discing tillage, but there was no advantage to the use of deeper knife-chisel zone treatment over shallow sweep zone tillage in the soils tested. The data was inconclusive for cotton and did not include shallow sweep-type treatments. For the conditions tested, use of the experimental strip tillage procedures will provide more management options than strict no-till and higher yields than with conventional tillage in drought years. C1 USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Morrison, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 277 EP 284 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 568AN UT WOS:000176520400002 ER PT J AU Morrison, JE AF Morrison, JE TI Compatibility among three tillage systems and types of planter presswheels and furrow openers for vertisol clay soils SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE tillage; planter openers; presswheels; no-till; strip tillage; conventional tillage; corn ID NO-TILLAGE; ENERGY AB A field study was conducted to determine the most favorable combinations of planter components to be recommended to manufacturers and growers for three different tillage systems. Selected tillage systems, planter press wheels, and planter furrow openers were tested for the cropping of corn (Zea mays L) in soils and conditions encountered in Central Texas during a summer drought in 1996 and more normal season in 1997. C1 USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Morrison, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 293 EP 295 PG 3 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 568AN UT WOS:000176520400004 ER PT J AU Eigenberg, RA Nienaber, JA Hahn, GL Kachman, SD AF Eigenberg, RA Nienaber, JA Hahn, GL Kachman, SD TI Swine response to misting synchronized with meal events SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE feed intake; meal duration; synchronization; misting ID FINISHING SWINE; FEED-INTAKE; TEMPERATURE; ENVIRONMENTS; PERFORMANCE; HOT AB Prior work has shown that the tympanic temperature of swine increases during an eating bout. An experiment was conducted in a hot environment using timing of misting as a way of reducing the body, temperature during meal events. Three treatments were applied to pigs in a constant temperature 30degrees C environment: no misting, misting just prior to meals, and misting between meals. Two response variables were examined feed intake and meal duration. Three environmental chambers were used in a Latin-Square layout with each chamber hosting each treatment. Analysis showed feed intake was significantly (P < 0.05) increased by, misting just prior to the meal, when compared with no misting or misting between meals. Similarly, meal duration was significantly greater (P < 0.05) for misting just prior to the meal than for the other two treatments. The meal effect appears to result from cooling the pig, thereby, reducing the tympanic temperature spike that normally, occurs during an activtiy event such as a meal. The moderation of the body temperature apparently allows the pig to eat for a greater period of time before thermoregulatory controls restrict the meal duration and hence the meal amount. While not conclusive from these short-term observations, increased feed intake should benefit growth performance. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Eigenberg, RA (reprint author), POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. OI Kachman, Stephen/0000-0003-0506-513X NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 347 EP 350 PG 4 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 568AN UT WOS:000176520400012 ER PT J AU Turner, BL Hopkins, DW Haygarth, PM Ostle, N AF Turner, BL Hopkins, DW Haygarth, PM Ostle, N TI beta-glucosidase activity in pasture soils SO APPLIED SOIL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE beta-glucosidase; soil; microbial biomass; carbon; grassland; soil quality ID MICROBIAL BIOMASS CARBON; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; EXTRACTION METHOD; ORGANIC-CARBON; ARABLE SOILS; FIELD SOIL; INDICATOR; DYNAMICS; QUALITY; MATTER AB p-Glucosidase is involved in the degradation of cellulose in soils and has potential for monitoring biological soil quality. We assayed p-glucosidase activity in 29 permanent grassland soils from England and Wales with contrasting physico-chemical and biological properties (clay content 22-68%; total carbon 29-80 mg g(-1); microbial carbon 412-3412 mug g(-1)). Substrate induced p-glucosidase activity ranged between 1.12 and 6.12 mumol para-nitrophenol g(-1) soil h(-1) and was positively correlated with concentrations of clay, total carbon and microbial carbon. This suggests that substrate-induced p-glucosidase activity is an integrative measure of physico-chemical and biological soil properties and may have applications in monitoring biological soil quality. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Grassland & Environm Res, N Wyke Res Stn, Okehampton EX20 2SB, Devon, England. Univ Stirling, Dept Environm Sci, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Merlewood Res Stn, Grange Over Sands LA11 6JU, Cumbria, England. RP Turner, BL (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; Ostle, Nick/K-6891-2012; Ostle, Nicholas/E-4847-2014; Haygarth, Philip/F-6790-2014 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; Ostle, Nicholas/0000-0003-3263-3702; NR 21 TC 108 Z9 119 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1393 J9 APPL SOIL ECOL JI Appl. Soil Ecol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 20 IS 2 BP 157 EP 162 AR PII S0929-1393(02)00020-3 DI 10.1016/S0929-1393(02)00020-3 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 578NH UT WOS:000177124000008 ER PT J AU Lapillonne, A AF Lapillonne, A TI Perinatal nutrition and cardiovascular disease SO ARCHIVES DE PEDIATRIE LA French DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Congress of the French-Society-for-Pediatrics/National Conference of the National-Association-of-Professional-Childcare-Providers CY MAY 22-25, 2002 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP French Soc Pediat, Natl Assoc Profess Childcare Providers ID SYSTOLIC BLOOD-PRESSURE; CATCH-UP GROWTH; UTEROPLACENTAL INSUFFICIENCY; ADULT DISEASE; BIRTH-WEIGHT; ASSOCIATION; RATS C1 USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX USA. RP Lapillonne, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0929-693X J9 ARCH PEDIATRIE JI Arch. Pediatr. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 9 SU 2 BP 126S EP 128S AR UNSP S0929693X01008983/SCO PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 570WQ UT WOS:000176683400023 PM 12108242 ER PT J AU Cousin, C Grant, J Dixon, F Beyene, D van Berkum, P AF Cousin, C Grant, J Dixon, F Beyene, D van Berkum, P TI Influence of biosolids compost on the bradyrhizobial genotypes recovered from cowpea and soybean nodules SO ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biosolids compost; cowpea; soybean; nodulation; nitrogen fixation; Bradyrhizobium; genotype; symbiosis; plant-microbe interaction ID NITROGEN-FIXATION; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; SOILS AB The interaction of biosolids compost application to soil and bradyrhizobial genotypes recovered from nodules was examined. Among 170 isolates, seven genotypes were recovered from soils receiving either no biosolids application or rates of 73 or 146 Mg/ha for three successive years. With the exception of one genotype, the distribution of the bacterial genotypes recovered from nodules was interrelated with the level of biosolids. Two of the genotypes nodulated both soybean and cowpea. Because soybean-nodulating bradyrhizobia were not recovered from control plots, it is possible that they had been introduced together with the biosolids compost application. C1 USDA ARS, Soybean Genomics & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Dist Columbia, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Div Sci & Math, Washington, DC 20008 USA. RP van Berkum, P (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soybean Genomics & Improvement Lab, HH-4,Bldg 010,BARC-W,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0302-8933 J9 ARCH MICROBIOL JI Arch. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 177 IS 5 BP 427 EP 430 DI 10.1007/s00203-002-0401-y PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 552BX UT WOS:000175599400008 PM 11976752 ER PT J AU Tai, ES Demissie, S Cupples, LA Corella, D Wilson, PW Schaefer, EJ Ordovas, JM AF Tai, ES Demissie, S Cupples, LA Corella, D Wilson, PW Schaefer, EJ Ordovas, JM TI Association between the PPARA L162V polymorphism and plasma lipid levels - The Framingham Offspring Study SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE PPAR alpha; polymorphism; LDL; apolipoprotein C-III; triglyceride-rich lipoprotein ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; ALPHA GENE; C-III; FLUORESCENT-PROBES; APO-CIII; MUTATION; LIPASE AB Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) alpha is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulates key proteins involved in fatty acid oxidation, extracellular lipid metabolism, hemostasis. and inflammation. A L162V polymorphism at the PPARA locus has been associated with alterations in lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations. We studied the association among lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins and the presence of the L162V polymorphism in 2373 participants (1128 men and 1244 women) in the Framingham Offspring Study. The frequency of the less common allele (V162) was 0.069. The V162 allele was associated with increased serum concentrations of total and LDL cholesterol in men (P=0.0012 and P=0.0004, respectively) and apolipoprotein B in men (P=0.009) and women (P=0.03 after adjustment for age, body mass index, smoking, and use of beta-blockers, diuretics or estrogens). Apolipoprotein (apo) C-III concentrations were higher in carriers of the V162 allele. The association of the L162V polymorphism on LDL cholesterol concentration was greatest in those who also carried the E2 allele at the APOE locus and the G allele at the APOC3 3238C>G polymorphism. This suggests that alterations in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism may be involved in the generation of the increase LDL cholesterol observed with the L162V PPARA polymorphism. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Ageing, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Univ Valencia, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Genet & Mol Epidemiol Unit, Valencia, Spain. Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Ageing, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680; Tai, E Shyong/0000-0003-2929-8966 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 28 TC 98 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 22 IS 5 BP 805 EP 810 DI 10.1161/01.ATV.0000012302.11991.42 PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 550PP UT WOS:000175511700018 PM 12006394 ER PT J AU Ode, PJ Heinz, KM AF Ode, PJ Heinz, KM TI Host-size-dependent sex ratio theory and improving mass-reared parasitoid sex ratios SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Liriomyza huidobrensis; serpentine leafminers; Diglyphus isaea; host-size dependent sex ratio theory; augmentative biological control ID LIRIOMYZA-HUIDOBRENSIS DIPTERA; DIGLYPHUS-BEGINI HYMENOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; INDIVIDUAL DECISIONS; PATCHY ENVIRONMENT; FIELD POPULATIONS; TRIFOLII DIPTERA; AGROMYZIDAE; WASP; ALLOCATION AB Although an effective parasitoid of agromyzid leafminers, Diglyphus isaea (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is an expensive biological control agent in terms of production costs. In part, these costs arise from the production of male-biased offspring sex ratios. Here, we present a mass-rearing technique that will increase the proportion of females produced and reduce the need for frequent releases in biocontrol programs. By presenting female D. isaea groups of sequentially larger leafminer hosts to attack, we are able to generate progressively more female-biased sex ratios. After three days of providing increasingly larger hosts, we were able to reduce the sex ratios produced by individual females from 57% male to 36% male; sex ratios produced by groups of females dropped from 64% male to 45% male. Several attributes of D. isaea sex allocation allow us to manipulate sex allocation behavior. First, D. isaea is a solitary idiobiont; resources available to each offspring are present at the time of attack allowing the ovipositing female to accurately assess host quality. Host size positively affects both male and female wasps. Females laid more daughters in larger hosts and more sons in smaller hosts. We show that the observed relationship between host size and offspring sex ratio is due to maternal sex allocation decisions rather than differential mortality. Furthermore, assessment of the size threshold was relative to prior host encounters rather than an absolute assessment. Our simple memory model suggests that while females are influenced most strongly by recent encounters, females also base their assessment of the host-size threshold on prior host encounters. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Ode, PJ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, USDA ARS, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. NR 59 TC 59 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAY PY 2002 VL 24 IS 1 BP 31 EP 41 AR PII S1049-9644(02)00003-8 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(02)00003-8 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 553AD UT WOS:000175652100004 ER PT J AU Jagdale, GB Somasekhar, N Grewal, PS Klein, MG AF Jagdale, GB Somasekhar, N Grewal, PS Klein, MG TI Suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes by application of live and dead infective Juveniles of an entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, on boxwood (Buxus spp.) SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; entomopathogenic nematodes; live and dead infective juveniles; plant-parasitic nematodes; Steinernema carpocapsae; boxwood ID FELTIAE; SOIL AB Effects of live and dead (heat-killed) infective juveniles (IJs) of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae on nematodes associated with boxwood Buxus spp. were evaluated in field experiments during 1999 and 2000. Both living and dead Us of S. carpocapsae were equally effective, causing more than 50% reduction in total populations of plant-parasitic nematodes relative to the control 15 and 30 days after treatment in both years. No significant differences were observed between reductions in populations of plant-parasitic nematodes following entomopathogenic nematode and chemical nematicide (ethoprop) treatments. In 2000, populations of Criconemella, Hoplolaimus, Longidorus, and Rotylenchus were significantly reduced in all treatments relative to the control 30 days after treatment. However, in 1999 these genera were unaffected by treatments even though total plant-parasitic nematode population was decreased. The population of Tylenchorynchus was significantly reduced in all treatments 30 days after treatment in 1999. Further, the population of Tylenchus was significantly reduced in ethoprop and dead S. carpocapsae treatments 15 days after treatment relative to the control whereas the population of Aphelenchoides was unaffected by these treatments in 1999. Live S. carpocapsae showed no significant effect on the population of both these genera either 15 or 30 days after treatment in 1999. No viable symbiotic bacteria were observed in the dead nematodes used in this study indicating that dead nematodes alone or dead nematodes in combination with dead symbiotic bacteria produced the suppressive effect. In contrast to the plant-parasitic nematodes, populations of non-stylet-bearing nematodes were not affected by the application of entomopathogenic nematodes. Although ethoprop reduced population of non-stylet-bearing nematodes relative to the untreated control 15 days after treatment in 2000, no significant differences were observed 30 days after treatment. These findings suggest that allelochemicals produced by dead or live nematodes and/or by their symbiotic bacteria may be selectively acting against plant-parasitic nematodes. Our results demonstrate that both live and dead infective juveniles of S. carpocapsae may provide a possible control strategy for plant-parasitic nematodes on boxwood. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA ARS, Hort Insects Res Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Jagdale, GB (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Entomol, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. OI Somasekhar, Nethi/0000-0002-3666-8171 NR 25 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAY PY 2002 VL 24 IS 1 BP 42 EP 49 AR PII S1049-9644(02)00004-X DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(02)00004-X PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 553AD UT WOS:000175652100005 ER PT J AU Briano, JA Williams, DF Oi, DH Davis, LR AF Briano, JA Williams, DF Oi, DH Davis, LR TI Field host range of the fire ant pathogens Thelohania solenopsae (Microsporida : Thelohaniidae) and Vairimorpha invictae (Microsporida : Burenellidae) in South America SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Thelohania solenopsae; Vairimorpha invictae; Solenopsis invicta; S. richteri; host specificity; imported fire ants ID FUNGAL DISEASES; NATURAL ENEMIES; UNITED-STATES; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; RICHTERI; BRAZIL; BUREN AB We studied the field host specificity of the microsporidia Thelohania solenopsae and Vairimorpha invictae and their prevalence in the imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta and S. richteri. Terrestrial ants were sampled by using bait traps and/or nest sampling at preselected sites in Argentina and Brazil. The sampling included the genera Solenopsis, Pheidole. Camponotus. Crematogaster, Linepithema, Brachlymyrmex, Paratrechina, Dorymyrmex, and Wasmannia. The samples were examined under a phase-contrast microscope for the presence of microsporidian infections. The bait trap sampling revealed that: (1) T solenopsae infected only S. richteri, S. invicta, and Solenopsis sp. at 6-67%,, of the sites and in 1.5-29% of the traps; (2) V. invictae infected only S. invicta at 6% of the sites and in 3%, of the samples. The nest sampling revealed that: (1) T solenopsae infected S. invicta, S. richteri. and S. macdonaghi, at 41-67% of the sites and in 11-58% of the colonies; (2) V invictae infected the same species at 15-50% of the sites and in 2-26% of the colonies. We detected T solenopsae and V. invictae in equal percentages of S. invicta sites (41%); however, the percentage of colonies infected with V. invictae was 20% and with T solenopsae only 11%. At S. richteri sites, in contrast, T solenopsae occurred at 46% of the sites and 15% of the colonies and V. invictae occurred at only 15% of the sites and 2% of the colonies. In S. macdonaghi, T solenopsae was detected at 67%,, of the sites and 58% of the colonies, and V. invictae was detected at 50% of the sites and 26%,, of the colonies. This is the first report of V. invictae infecting S. macdonaghi. The proportion of S. richteri and S. invicta infected with T solenopsae was similar. In contrast, the proportion of S. invicta infected with V. invictae was higher than S. richteri. We conclude that the microsporidia, T solenopsae and V invictae, show a very high specificity for Solenopsis ants in the field. It appears that T solenopsae infects S. invicta and S. richteri equally but V. invictae may be more adapted to infect S. invicta. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, RA-1686 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina. USDA ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Briano, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Amer Biol Control Lab, Bolivar 1559, RA-1686 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina. EM jabriano@mail.retina.ar NR 23 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAY PY 2002 VL 24 IS 1 BP 98 EP 102 AR PII S1049-9644(02)00009-9 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(02)00009-9 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 553AD UT WOS:000175652100011 ER PT J AU Capuco, AV Li, ML Long, EH Ren, SX Hruska, KS Schorr, K Furth, PA AF Capuco, AV Li, ML Long, EH Ren, SX Hruska, KS Schorr, K Furth, PA TI Concurrent pregnancy retards mammary involution: Effects on apoptosis and proliferation of the mammary epithelium after forced weaning of mice SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; lactation; mammary glands; progesterone receptor; prolactin ID PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; GLAND INVOLUTION; EXPORT SIGNAL; BCL-2 HOMOLOG; EXPRESSION; ESTROGEN; PROTEINS; TISSUE; RAT; ACTIVATION AB The effect of pregnancy on postweaning mammary gland involution was investigated in mice. On the third day after forced weaning at Lactation Day 10, the apoptotic index was 56% lower in mammary tissue of mice that were pregnant at the time of weaning than in nonpregnant mice. Conversely, the bromodeoxyuridine-labeling index was increased sevenfold in pregnant mice compared to nonpregnant controls (3.5% vs. 0.5%, respectively). Structure of mammary alveoli was largely maintained in postweaning pregnant mice. The effect of pregnancy on three specific mammary epithelial cell survival pathways was also examined. First, pregnancy blocked the loss of Stat5a phosphorylation during involution. Significantly, loss of Stat5a phosphorylation during involution was not correlated with loss of Stat5a nuclear localization. Second, pregnancy maintained nuclear-localized progesterone receptor during lactation. Third, pregnancy was associated with increased expression of bfl-1 during involution but had little effect on the expression of other bcl-2 family members. The data indicate that pregnancy inhibits mammary cell apoptosis after weaning while permitting proliferation of the mammary epithelium, and they support the hypothesis that Stat5a and progesterone-signaling pathways act in concert to mediate this effect. C1 ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, USDA, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Inst Human Virol, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Inst Human Virol, Dept Physiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Montreal, PQ H9X 3V9, Canada. RP Capuco, AV (reprint author), ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, USDA, BARC E, Bldg 200, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 86033] NR 28 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 66 IS 5 BP 1471 EP 1476 DI 10.1095/biolreprod66.5.1471 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 544KB UT WOS:000175155800032 PM 11967212 ER PT J AU Looker, AC Dawson-Hughes, B Calvo, MS Gunter, EW Sahyoun, NR AF Looker, AC Dawson-Hughes, B Calvo, MS Gunter, EW Sahyoun, NR TI Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of adolescents and adults in two seasonal subpopulations from NHANES III SO BONE LA English DT Article DE serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D; vitamin D status; hypovitaminosis D; adolescents; adults ID VITAMIN-D STATUS; D DEFICIENCY; BONE MASS; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; CUTANEOUS SYNTHESIS; D SUPPLEMENTATION; D INSUFFICIENCY; YOUNG-ADULTS; WHITE WOMEN; BLACK-WOMEN AB Subclinical vitamin D deficiency may be common in certain subgroups in the U.S., but to date vitamin D data from other groups in the population have not been available. We used serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) data from 18,875 individuals examined in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III 1988-1994) to assess the vitamin D status of selected groups of the noninstitutionalized U.S. adolescent and adult population. Serum 25-OHD levels were measured by a radioimmunoassay kit (DiaSorin, Inc., Stillwater, MN; normal range 22.5-94 nmol/L). Because physical exams are performed in mobile vans in NHANES, data could not be collected in northern latitudes during the winter; instead data were collected in northern latitudes during summer and in southern latitudes in winter. To address this season-latitude aspect of the NHANES design, we stratified the sample into two seasonal subpopulations (winter/lower latitude and summer/higher latitude) before examining vitamin D status. Less than 1% of the winter/lower latitude subpopulation had vitamin D deficiency (25-OHD <17.5 nmol/L). However, the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in this group ranged from 1%-5% with 25-OHD <25 nmol/L to 25%-57% with 25-OHD <62.5 nmol/L, even though the median latitude for this subsample (32degreesN) was considerably lower than the latitude at which vitamin D is not synthesized during winter months (similar to42degreesN). With the exception of elderly women, prevalence rates of vitamin D insufficiency were lower in the summer/higher latitude subpopulation (<1%-3% Nvith 25-OHD <25 nmol/L to 21 %49% with 25-OHD <62.5 nmol/L,). Mean 25-OHD levels were highest in non-Ilispanic whites, intermediate in Mexican Americans, and lowest in non-Ilispanic blacks. Our findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency is unlikely in the two seasonal subpopulations of noninstitutionalized adolescents and adults that can be validly assessed in NHANES III. However, vitamin D insufficiency is more common in these two seasonal subpopulations. Of particular interest is that insufficiency occurred fairly frequently in younger individuals, especially in the winter/lower latitude subsample. Our findings support continued monitoring of this vitamin in the U.S. population. (C) 2002 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Food & Nutr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Looker, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Room 900,6525 Belcrest Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 38 TC 509 Z9 525 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD MAY PY 2002 VL 30 IS 5 BP 771 EP 777 AR PII S8756-3282(02)00692-0 DI 10.1016/S8756-3282(02)00692-0 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 555QG UT WOS:000175804300018 PM 11996918 ER PT J AU Griffin, IJ Davila, PM Abrams, SA AF Griffin, IJ Davila, PM Abrams, SA TI Non-digestible oligosaccharides and calcium absorption in girls with adequate calcium intakes SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Recent Scientific Research on Inlin and Oligofructose CY FEB, 2001 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP ORAFTL DE calcium absorption; non-digestible oligosaccharides; oligofructose; inulin; prebiotics; stable isotope ID DIETARY CALCIUM; NONDIGESTIBLE OLIGOSACCHARIDES; FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES; RATS; OLIGOFRUCTOSE; INULIN; BALANCE; HUMANS; GALACTOOLIGOSACCHARIDES; ADOLESCENTS AB Non-digestible oligosaccharides such as inulin and oligofructose have been shown to consistently increase calcium absorption in experimental animals, but data in humans are less clear-cut. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of 8 g/d of oligofructose or a mixture of inulin and oligofructose on calcium absorption in girls at or near menarche. A total of fifty-nine subjects were studied using a balanced, randomized, cross-over design. They received, in random order, 8 g/d placebo (sucrose), oligofructose or the mixture inulin+oligofructose for 3 weeks, separated by a 2-week washout period. Throughout the study, subjects consumed a total of approximately 1500 mg/d dietary calcium, by adding two glasses of calcium-fortified orange juice to their diet. Four grams of placebo, oligofructose or the mixture inulin+oligofructose was added to each glass of orange juice immediately before it was consumed. At the end of each 3-week adaptation period, calcium absorption was measured, using a dual stable isotope technique, from the cumulative fractional excretion of an oral and an intravenous tracer over 48 hours. Calcium absorption was significantly higher in the group receiving the inulin+oligofructose mixture than in the placebo group (38.2+/-9.8 % v. 32.3+/-9.8 %;P=0.01), but no significant difference was seen between the oligofructose group and the placebo group (31.8+/-9.3 % v. 31.8+/-10.0 %, P=NS). We conclude that modest intakes of an inulin+oligofructose mixture increases calcium absorption in girls at or near menarche. C1 Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Univ, Dept Pediat, Sect Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Griffin, IJ (reprint author), Baylor Univ, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 30 TC 97 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 8 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-1145 J9 BRIT J NUTR JI Br. J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 87 SU 2 BP S187 EP S191 DI 10.1079/BJN/2002536 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 567DG UT WOS:000176469700008 PM 12088517 ER PT J AU Fry, B Smith, TJ AF Fry, B Smith, TJ TI Stable isotope studies of red mangroves and filter feeders from the Shark River Estuary, Florida SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FIXATION ACETYLENE-REDUCTION; ORGANIC-MATTER; SALT-MARSH; SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; FOOD WEBS; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; BENTHIC MICROALGAE; TROPHIC IMPORTANCE; CARBON ISOTOPES; PENAEID PRAWNS AB This study focused on the Shark River estuary in the central drainage of the Everglades watershed, testing whether mangrove subsidies to estuarine food webs were especially strong in south Florida sites, as suggested in pioneering studies by Odum and Heald (1975). Samples of red mangroves (Rhizophora mangle L.) and filter feeding barnacles and mussels were collected in a transect from the mouth of the estuary to the freshwater end of the estuary during August 1997. Along this transect, elemental and stable isotopic compositions of green, yellow and submerged detrital mangrove leaves showed relatively constant carbon (C) compositions, while nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) compositions varied strongly. For example, mangrove N contents increased at the upper freshwater end of the Shark River estuary, and N isotopic compositions declined, probably indicating relatively N-rich inputs from the upstream Everglades watershed. In contrast, mangrove sulfur contents varied most in mid-estuary where green leaf S contents were highest and S isotopic compositions lowest. Mixing models based on S isotopes showed that mangrove swamps supported up to 60% of filter feeder nutrition at mid-estuarine stations. However, microalgal support of the filter feeders was also generally strong (40-75%) throughout the estuary. Although this study did not confirm a dominant nutritional role for mangrove detritus at most sites, results did support a second hypothesis from earlier work in this area (Odum, 1984), namely that landscape position may generally control development of mangrove-based food webs. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Ctr Coastal & Reg Marine Studies, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Fry, B (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Ecol Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 87 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 20 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 70 IS 3 BP 871 EP 890 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 630EE UT WOS:000180093900006 ER PT J AU Croft, PJ Watts, M Potter, B AF Croft, PJ Watts, M Potter, B TI Creating a Haines Index climatology for the United States, Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. RP Croft, PJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 83 IS 5 BP 668 EP 668 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 554UH UT WOS:000175755200020 ER PT J AU Horton, DR Landolt, PJ AF Horton, DR Landolt, PJ TI Orientation response of Pacific coast wireworm (Coleoptera : Elateridae) to food baits in laboratory and effectiveness of baits in field SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; AGRIOTES; POTATO AB Assays were done in the laboratory and field to monitor the response of Pacific coast wireworm, Limonius canus LeConte, to food baits. A glass-plate assay was used in laboratory trials to study movement of wireworm larvae through soil in response to several food baits, including germinating seeds of grains, rolled oats [Arena sativa L. (Poaceae)], carrot [Daucus carota L. (Umbelliferae)], and potato [Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanaceae)], Studies were also done with these baits to determine effectiveness under field conditions. In both laboratory and field trials, germinating seed of wheat [Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae)] and barley [Hordeum vulgare L, (Poaceae)] ranked higher in response by larvae than the remaining food baits. In the glass-plate assays, 65-70% of wireworms contacted the wheat or barley seed baits within a 2-h assay period. Corn [Zea mays L. (Poaceae)] seed and sliced carrot were also effective, with 60% of larvae contacting the baits. Rice [Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae)], rye [Secale cereale L. (Poaceae)], and potato were contacted by 30-45% of larvae. In the majority of assays, contact with the bait occurred within 30 min of the start of the assay. Trail lengths varied substantially among larvae (0-70 cm). The field studies showed that all food baits captured more wireworms than unbaited traps. A second assay conducted in the laboratory showed that moistened rolled oats were contacted with a higher probability if oats were aged 72 h following wetting (51% of larvae contacted the bait) than oats used immediately following wetting (28% of larvae). Field trials using baits composed of different volumes of rolled oats showed little evidence of a dose response in capture rates of L. canus, although all baits Captured more wireworms than unbaited traps. These studies showed that L. canus is attracted to food baits in both laboratory and field trials, and that baits may prove useful to monitor populations of this pest in the field. C1 USDA, ARS, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. RP Horton, DR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 28 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 20 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 134 IS 3 BP 357 EP 367 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 557MT UT WOS:000175912900008 ER PT J AU Grant, GG de Groot, P Langevin, D Katovich, SA Slessor, KN Miller, WE AF Grant, GG de Groot, P Langevin, D Katovich, SA Slessor, KN Miller, WE TI Sex attractants and seasonal flight patterns for three Eucosma (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) species sympatric in eastern pine seed orchards and plantations SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID GLORIOLA LEPIDOPTERA AB Sex attractant blends were developed for monitoring three conifer-feeding species of Eucosma Hubner found in pine seed orchards and plantations in Wisconsin and Ontario, Eucosma monitorana Heinrich, which attacks developing cones of red pine, Pinus resinosa Aiton (Pinaceae), preferred lures containing 100:5:15 (mug blend) of (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9-12:Ac), (E) -9-dodecenyl acetate (E9-12:Ac), and (Z)-9-dodecen-1-ol (Z9-12:OH), respectively, over lures without the alcohol or with higher levels of E9-12:Ac. This blend was unattractive to sympatric Eucosma gloriola Heinrich, a species that feeds inside shoots of red pine and eastern white pine, Pinus strobus L. Eucosma gloriola was attracted to a 100:30 blend of Z9-/E9-12:Ac. and adding Z9-12:OH had no significant effect. Eucosma tocullionana Heinrich, which attacks cones of eastern white pine, was attracted equally to 10:3 and 10:5 mug blends of Z9-/E9-12:Ac, and adding Z9-12:OH had no effect. A ratio as low as 1:0.3 was attractive to E. tocullionana but not to sympatric E. gloriola, which preferred a 100-fold higher dosage of the same blend. The seasonal flight periods of the three species overlapped in all study areas. The flight of E. gloriola usually peaked in late May slightly before that of E. monitorana while the flight of E. tocullionana peaked about 1-3 weeks later. The results indicate that sex pheromones, seasonal flight periods, and host preferences are isolating mechanisms for these closely related sympatric species. C1 Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Sault St Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. USDA Forest Serv, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Grant, GG (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Sault St Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 134 IS 3 BP 391 EP 401 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 557MT UT WOS:000175912900011 ER PT J AU Fanta, GF Felker, FC Shogren, RL AF Fanta, GF Felker, FC Shogren, RL TI Formation of crystalline aggregates in slowly-cooled starch solutions prepared by steam jet cooking SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE spherocrystal; starchy; amylose; lipid; complex ID AMYLOSE V COMPLEXES; COLORIMETRIC PROCEDURE; INCLUSION COMPLEXES; CEREAL STARCHES; FATTY-ACIDS; LIPIDS AB Spherocrystalline particles were formed in dilute, jet cooked solutions of normal cornstarch, high amylose cornstarch, rice starch and wheat starch, when hot solutions were allowed to slowly cool in insulated Dewar flasks. Yields ranged from approximately 7 to 12%, and particles were composed largely of amylose. Spherocrystals were not obtained from waxy cornstarch, defatted cornstarch or potato starch. Normal cornstarch, high amylose cornstarch and rice starch yielded mixtures of two different particulate species, each having its own unique size and morphology. Both species were strongly birefringent, and no significant loss of birefringence was observed when particles produced from normal cornstarch were heated in water to 97-99degreesC. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that smaller-sized particles were disc or torus-shaped and often exhibited spiral surface striations. The larger particles were approximately spherical in shape, and had rough surface textures. Wheat starch yielded only a single spherical small-particle species. X-ray powder diffraction patterns of small particle material matched patterns previously reported for the 61 amylose V-helical complex in the hydrated form. In contrast, diffraction patterns for large particle material suggested the 7(1) V-helical conformation for amylose. These results are consistent with the theory that spherocrystalline particles result from crystallization of helical inclusion complexes formed from amylose and the native lipid material present in cereal starch granules. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Biomat Proc Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Fanta, GF (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 24 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 48 IS 2 BP 161 EP 170 AR PII S0144-8617(01)00230-2 DI 10.1016/S0144-8617(01)00230-2 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 525QM UT WOS:000174082500006 ER PT J AU Erpul, G Norton, LD Gabriels, D AF Erpul, G Norton, LD Gabriels, D TI Raindrop-induced and wind-driven soil particle transport SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE wind-driven rain; rain impact pressure; wind shear velocity; rainsplash transport ID SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; RAINSPLASH EROSION; DETACHMENT; RAINFALL; SPLASH; IMPACT; SALTATION; TUNNEL; DEPTH; AREA AB A wind tunnel study under wind-driven rains was conducted to determine the combined effect of rain and wind on the rainsplash transport process. The rains driven by horizontal wind velocities of 6, 10 and 12 m s(-1) were applied to three agricultural soils packed into a 20 x 55-cm soil pan placed at both windward and leeward slopes of 4.0degrees, 8.5degrees and 11.3degrees. Transport rates were measured by trapping the splashed particles at set distances in the upslope and downslope directions, respectively, for windward and leeward slopes. Rainsplash transport under wind-driven rains was adequately described (R-2 = 0.93) by relating the transport rate to the rain impact pressure and wind shear velocity by log-linear regression technique. Average trajectory of a raindrop-induced and wind-driven particle was also adequately predicted by the momentum loss per unit time per unit length of travel (u(*)(2)/g)., The travel distance is found to be three times greater than the path of a typical saltating sand grain. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. State Univ Ghent, Dept Soil Management & Soil Care, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Erpul, G (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 1196 SOIL Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009 NR 54 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 47 IS 3 BP 227 EP 243 AR PII S0341-8162(01)00182-5 DI 10.1016/S0341-8162(01)00182-5 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 547EL UT WOS:000175320000003 ER PT J AU Klamczynski, AP Glenn, GM Orts, WJ AF Klamczynski, AP Glenn, GM Orts, WJ TI Flavor retention and physical properties of rice cakes prepared from coated rice grain SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TEXTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; STARCH; COMPONENTS AB Flavored rice cakes are produced commercially by spraying a flavor coating on the cake surface. This study describes a method of making a flavored coating that is applied to individual rice grains before puffing and results in a more uniform flavor distribution. Rice was coated at 5% or 10% levels with coating materials made of jet-cooked (JC) starch or starch cooked in a water bath (WB), corn starch powder, salt, and a flavor compound. The viscosity of coating materials made with WB starch was twice that of coatings made of JC starch. Rice coated at 10% level had decreased specific density of rice cakes. Rice cakes made from coated grain were similar in appearance to cakes made from uncoated rice but had higher flexural strength. Retention of flavor volatiles after puffing the coated grain was 82.8-56.8% for apple, 72.5-40.3% for anise, and 52.5-24.8% for onion flavor. The flavor volatiles measured in the rice cakes decreased during a three-month storage period to 49.3% for apple, 25.8% for anise, and 10.1% for onion flavor. Slightly higher retention of flavor volatiles was observed in cakes made with WB starch than in cakes made with JC starch. The difference in retention of flavor volatiles between starch slurry or starch-oil emulsion treatments was small. C1 ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Klamczynski, AP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 79 IS 3 BP 387 EP 391 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2002.79.3.387 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 552PT UT WOS:000175629300011 ER PT J AU Wang, D Dowell, FE Dempster, R AF Wang, D Dowell, FE Dempster, R TI Determining vitreous subclasses of hard red spring wheat using visible/near-infrared spectroscopy SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID KERNEL COLOR CLASSIFICATION; REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PROTEIN-CONTENT; SINGLE KERNELS; TRANSMITTANCE AB The percentage of dark hard vitreous (DHV) kernels in hard red spring wheat is an important grading factor that is associated with protein content, kernel hardness, milling properties, and baking quality. The current visual method of determining DHV and non-DHV (NDHV) wheat kernels is time-consuming, tedious, and subject to large errors. The objective of this research was to classify DHV and NDHV wheat kernels, including kernels that were checked, cracked, sprouted, or bleached using visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy. Spectra from single DHV and NDHV kernels were collected using a diode-array NIR spectrometer. The dorsal and crease sides of the kernels were viewed. Three wavelength regions, 500-750 nm, 750-1,700 nm, and 500-1700 nm were compared. Spectra were analyzed by using partial least squares (PLS) regression. Results suggest that the major contributors to classifying DHV and NDHV kernels are light scattering, protein content, kernel hardness, starch content, and kernel color effects on the absorption spectrum. Bleached kernels were the most difficult to classify because of high lightness values. The sample set with bleached kernels yielded lower classification accuracies of 91.1-97.1% compared with 97.5-10.0% for the sample set without bleached kernels. More than 75% of misclassified kernels were bleached. For sample sets without bleached kernels, the classification models that included the dorsal side gave the highest classification accuracies (99.6-100%) for the testing sample set. Wavelengths in both the Vis/NIR regions or the NIR region alone yielded better classification accuracies than those in the visible region only. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Amer Inst Baking, Manhattan, KS USA. RP Wang, D (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 79 IS 3 BP 418 EP 422 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2002.79.3.418 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 552PT UT WOS:000175629300016 ER PT J AU Brijs, K Trogh, I Jones, BL Delcour, JA AF Brijs, K Trogh, I Jones, BL Delcour, JA TI Proteolytic enzymes in germinating rye grains SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENDOPROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES; GREEN MALT; CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASE; STORAGE PROTEINS; BARLEY; PURIFICATION; SEEDS; PRODUCTS AB The proteolytic activities during rye (Secale cereale L. 'Humbolt') grain germination were monitored using in-solution methods and one- and two-dimensional PAGE with gels that contained incorporated substrate proteins. The total proteolytic activity increased during the first three days of germination, but not after that. The proteinase activity was measured at pH 3.8, 6.0, and 8.0 in the presence and absence of class-specific proteinase inhibitors. This indicated that enzymes from all four proteinase classes were present during the germination process. Germinated rye grain contained mainly aspartic and cysteine proteinase activities that are especially active at pH 3.8. Serine- and metallo-proteinases were less abundant. Overall, the pattern of hydrolysis was very similar to that observed during barley and wheat germination. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Food Chem Lab, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Brijs, K (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Food Chem Lab, Kasteelpk Arenberg 20, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. RI Delcour, Jan/A-7636-2013; OI delcour, jan/0000-0003-2954-1022 NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 79 IS 3 BP 423 EP 428 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2002.79.3.423 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 552PT UT WOS:000175629300017 ER PT J AU Wolf, WJ Sessa, DJ Wu, YV Thompson, AR AF Wolf, WJ Sessa, DJ Wu, YV Thompson, AR TI Air classification of pin-milled soybean hulls SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the American-Association-of-Cereal-Chemists (AACC) CY OCT, 2001 CL CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA SP Amer Assoc Cereal Chemists (AACC) ID SOY HULL; FIBER SOURCE; GLYCINE-MAX; CELL-WALLS; SEED COATS; PURIFICATION; PEROXIDASE; PROTEIN; ENRICHMENT; ADSORBENT AB Commercial soybean hulls (14.6% crude protein) were pin milled and then air classified into five fractions to determine whether the. hull structure can be disrupted and the protein constituents concentrated. The number of pin millings had only a small effect on the weight distribution of the five fractions. After one grinding, the sum of fractions 1 and 2 (<15-18 μm) represented only 3% of total hulls, and on three grindings, they a-mounted to only 6% of the hulls. Fraction 3 (19-24 μm) shifted from 16 to 20% with three grindings, while fraction 4 (25-30 μm) remained unchanged at 5%. Fraction 5 (>30 mum) shifted from 75 to 69% on three pin millings to compensate for the shifts noted in fractions 1-3. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that fractions 1 and 2 consisted of the parenchymal cell layers (innermost portion) of the hulls; these fractions had three times the protein content and more than twice the amount of lipids found in the ground starting material. Fraction 3 contained many of the hourglass cells typically found in the middle layer of the hulls plus parenchyma cell material and exhibited about twice the amount of protein and lipid found in the starting hulls. Fraction 4 included large hourglass cells plus globular material and contained about twice the amount of protein and about one and one-half times the lipid of the starting material. Fraction 5 consisted primarily of clumps of palisade cells (outer cellular layer) adhering to each other and had a lower protein and lipid content than the starting hulls. Thus, pin milling causes some selective disruption of the hulls where parenchyma cell layers and hourglass cells are partially released. The palisade cells, however, are the most difficult to disrupt and constitute the fraction most resistant to pin milling. Our findings suggest that pin milling soybean hulls in combination with air classification can be used to concentrate the proteins and lipids in the fines fractions. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Analyt Chem Support Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Sessa, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 79 IS 3 BP 439 EP 444 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2002.79.3.439 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 552PT UT WOS:000175629300020 ER PT J AU Knothe, G AF Knothe, G TI Synthesis and characterization of long-chain 1,2-dioxo compounds SO CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS LA English DT Article DE long-chain dioxo compounds; mass spectrometry; nuclear magnetic resonance oxidation; potassium permanganate; 1,2-dioxo compounds ID OXO FATTY-ACIDS; IDENTIFICATION; CHEESE AB A series of long-chain methyl esters with vicinal oxo groups (1,2-diones; 1,2-diketones) were synthesized by potassium permanganate-based oxidation of methyl esters of mono-unsaturated fatty acids. The presence of two additional carbonyl groups may facilitate the synthesis of other derivatives. The starting materials were selected in such a fashion to give the 1,2-dioxo moiety in consecutive positions from the methyl ester group. The compounds were characterized by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In mass spectrometry, both electron and chemical ionization (methane as reagent gas) were investigated. The position of the dioxo moiety can be determined in both ionization modes, however, in electron ionization mode the corresponding fragment ions are considerably stronger. In electron ionization mode, a fragmentation mechanism depending on the position of the 1,2-dioxo moiety occurs while the spectra derived from chemical ionization mode are mainly characterized by peaks around the molecular ion with both ionization modes appearing suitable. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Knothe, G (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0009-3084 J9 CHEM PHYS LIPIDS JI Chem. Phys. Lipids PD MAY PY 2002 VL 115 IS 1-2 BP 85 EP 91 AR PII S0009-3084(02)00014-2 DI 10.1016/S0009-3084(02)00014-2 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 562MK UT WOS:000176200900006 PM 12047900 ER PT J AU Howe, DK Tang, KL Conrad, PA Sverlow, K Dubey, JP Sibley, LD AF Howe, DK Tang, KL Conrad, PA Sverlow, K Dubey, JP Sibley, LD TI Sensitive and specific identification of Neospora caninum infection of cattle based on detection of serum antibodies to recombinant Ncp29 SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; BOVINE NEOSPOROSIS; PROTEIN; TACHYZOITES; RESPONSES; DIAGNOSIS; SAG1; P-30; DOGS AB Neosporosis is an economically important disease of dairy cattle caused by the protozoan Neospora caninum. Diagnostic tests for neosporosis are complicated by the potential for cross-reaction of antibodies to antigens that are similar between N. caninum and closely related parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis cruzi. To provide a sensitive and specific assay for detecting antibodies to N. caninum in the serum of infected animals, we have investigated a recombinant form of the antigen known as Ncp29 (rNcp29), which is a major surface protein of the parasite. Ncp29 is encoded by a gene that is homologous to the SAG1 gene previously characterized from T. gondii. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to screen animals for the presence of serum antibodies specific to rNcp29. The rNcp29 ELISA readily distinguished between cattle known to be infected with N. caninum (optical density [OD] > 1.2 at 1:500 or greater dilution) and negative controls (OD < 0.5 at 1:500). Additionally, sera from animals that were infected with T. gondii or S. cruzi were negative. The rNcp29 ELISA developed here provides a specific and sensitive assay for detecting neosporosis in cattle. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Calif Vet Diagnost Lab Syst, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sibley, LD (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, Box 8230,660 S Euclid, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RI Sibley, L. David/C-4616-2008 NR 36 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 9 IS 3 BP 611 EP 615 DI 10.1128/CDLI.9.3.611-615.2002 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 554BM UT WOS:000175713100017 PM 11986268 ER PT J AU Friso, S Girelli, D Trabetti, E Stranieri, C Olivieri, O Tinazzi, E Martinelli, N Faccini, G Pignatti, PF Corrocher, R AF Friso, S Girelli, D Trabetti, E Stranieri, C Olivieri, O Tinazzi, E Martinelli, N Faccini, G Pignatti, PF Corrocher, R TI A1298C methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation and coronary artery disease: relationships with C677T polymorphism and homocysteine/folate metabolism SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE MTHFR; A1298C mutation; C677T mutation; homocysteine; folate; coronary artery disease ID PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; COMMON MUTATION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ENZYME-ACTIVITY; ACUTE-LEUKEMIA; RISK FACTOR; MTHFR GENE; FOLATE AB 5, 10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a crucial enzyme in homocysteine/methionine metabolism. The most-studied C677T polymorphism in the MTHFR gene results in a thermolabile variant with reduced activity, and is associated with increased levels of total plasma homocysteine, a risk factor for coronary artery disease. A new mutation in the MTHFR gene (A1298C) has also been reported to lower enzyme activity. Whether A 1298C is a risk factor for coronary artery disease, separately or in combination with C677T, and/or relative to total plasma homocysteine and folate status, is unclear to date. We evaluated this hypothesis in 470 angiographically characterized subjects, 302 with coronary artery disease, and 168 with normal coronary arteries. The frequency of the 1298C allele was 0.33 and that of combined heterozygosity 0.315. No difference was found in the frequency of the genotypes or when analyzed for combined heterozygosity between patients with coronary artery disease and normals. Independent of folate status, the 1298C allele was not associated with increased total plasma homocysteine. No additional effect of A1298C on total plasma homocysteine was observed in 148 combined heterozygotes compared with 98 heterozygotes for the C677T alone. These findings do not support a major role for the A 1298C mutation in homocysteine metabolism and emphasize the hypothesis that MTHFR genotypes may interfere with coronary artery disease risk only when an unbalanced nutritional status leads to raised total plasma homocysteine levels. C1 Univ Verona, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Verona, Italy. Univ Verona, Detp Biol & Genet, Verona, Italy. Univ Verona, Inst Clin Chem, Verona, Italy. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Corrocher, R (reprint author), Policlin Giambattista Rossi, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Via Menegone, I-37134 Verona, Italy. RI Olivieri, Oliviero/A-9126-2008; Girelli, Domenico/B-1183-2008; Martinelli, Nicola/J-5622-2016 OI Martinelli, Nicola/0000-0001-6465-5119 NR 36 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1591-8890 J9 CLIN EXP MED JI Clin. Exper. Med. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 2 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 DI 10.1007/s102380200001 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 554NP UT WOS:000175742400002 PM 12049191 ER PT J AU Miyamoto, T Min, WG Lillehoj, HS AF Miyamoto, T Min, WG Lillehoj, HS TI Kinetics of interleukin-2 production in chickens infected with Eimeria tenella SO COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE interleukin-2; cell-mediated immunity; chickens; Eimeria tenella; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; INTERFERON-GAMMA; RESPONSES; VACCINATION; COCCIDIOSIS; CYTOKINE; STRATEGIES; ANTIBODIES; VACCINES AB Interleukin (IL)-2 is a major cytokine of cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Because chickens infected with Eimeria, the causative agent of coccidiosis, develop a robust cell-mediated response against the parasite, we measured IL-2 concentrations in vivo and in vitro during the course of primary and secondary experimental Eimeria tenella infections. IL-2 levels in serum and culture supernatants of spleen lymphocytes stimulated with mitogen or E. tenella sporozoites were significantly increased on day 7 post-primary infection compared with control group, This peak in IL-2 coincided with the time of maximum intestinal lesions as measured by cecum lesion scores. By contrast, during secondary infection highest IL-2 concentrations preceded intestinal lesions by 5 days (day 2 versus day 7, respectively). These results confirmed that IL-2 production is augmented during experimental coccidiosis and suggested that cellular immunity elicited during an anamnestic response to parasite reinfection is mediated, at least in part, by IL-2. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lillehoj, HS (reprint author), ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Bldg 1040,BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Min, Wongi/0000-0003-2437-7366 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0147-9571 J9 COMP IMMUNOL MICROB JI Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 25 IS 3 BP 149 EP 158 AR PII S0147-9571(01)00034-0 DI 10.1016/S0147-9571(01)00034-0 PG 10 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 553CR UT WOS:000175658400002 PM 12053913 ER PT J AU Kogut, MH AF Kogut, MH TI Dynamics of a protective avian inflammatory response: the role of an IL-8-like cytokine in the recruitment of heterophils to the site of organ invasion by Salmonella enteritidis SO COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article DE chickens IL-8; Salmonella enteritidis; heterophils; inflammation ID LEGHORN CHICKS; INTERLEUKIN-8; NEUTROPHILS; TYPHIMURIUM; LYMPHOKINES; LEUKOCYTES; ACTIVATION; INFECTION; CHEMOKINE; 9E3/CEF4 AB Increased resistance to Salmonella enteritidis (SE) organ infectivity in chickens can be conferred by the prophylactic administration of SE-immune lymphokines (ILK). Resistance is associated with an enhanced heterophilic accumulation within 4 h of ILK injection. In these studies. the role of IL-8 in ILK-mediated heterophil recruitment during SE infections in young chickens was investigated. Heterophil accumulation was enhanced 2-4 h after the i.p. injection of both ILK and SE (ILK/SE) when compared to the control chicks. An i.p. injection of a rabbit polyclonal anti-human IL-8 antibody significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the accumulation of heterophils in the peritoneum after the injection of ILK/SE. Injections of preimmune rabbit IgG had no effect on peritoneal heterophil numbers. Within 2 h of injection of ILK/SE, a ten-fold increase in heterophil chemotactic activity was found in the peritoneal lavage fluid from these chicks compared to the saline control chicks. Pretreatment, with the anti-IL-8 antibody, of the peritoneal lavage fluids collected from the ILK/SE-treated chicks dramatically reduced this heterophil chemotactic activity. Treatment of the lavage fluids from all groups with preimmune IgG had no effect on heterophil chemotaxis. Additionally, pretreatment of ILK with the anti-human IL-8 antibody had no effect on heterophil chemotaxis. The results from these experiments suggest that IL-8 is produced locally by the host in response to both the SE infection and the ILK. With these studies. it was established that IL-8 is a major chemotactic factor produced by the host, which aids in mediating the ILK/SE-induced recruitment of heterophils to the site of SE invasion. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Kogut, MH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F & B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 25 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0147-9571 J9 COMP IMMUNOL MICROB JI Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 25 IS 3 BP 159 EP 172 AR PII S0147-9571(01)00035-2 DI 10.1016/S0147-9571(01)00035-2 PG 14 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 553CR UT WOS:000175658400003 PM 12053914 ER PT J AU Raphael, MG Mack, DE Cooper, BA AF Raphael, MG Mack, DE Cooper, BA TI Landscape-scale relationships between abundance of Marbled Murrelets and distribution of nesting habitat SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Brachyramphus marmoratus; fragmentation; Marbled Murrelet; monitoring; Olympic Peninsula; radar; river drainage ID OREGON COAST RANGE; OLD-GROWTH; RADAR; BIRDS; FRAGMENTATION; ASSOCIATIONS; PATTERNS; AREAS AB We used radar to count numbers of Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) flying inland within 10 river drainages on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, during 1998-2000. We tested whether the numbers of murrelets entering drainages could be predicted from the amount and spatial configuration of low-elevation, late-seral forest (potential murrelet nesting habitat) within drainages. The maximal number of murrelet radar targets was positively correlated with the amount of late-seral forest in each of the three years sampled; this relationship persisted in 1999 and 2000 when controlling for drainage size. Murrelet radar counts were not correlated with the combined amounts of harvested, developed, and agricultural lands in any year. Numbers of murrelets increased as the amount of core area of late-seral forest and proximity of patches increased, and decreased with increasing amounts of edge of Late-seral patches. Numbers were not correlated with the percent of late-seral forest, patch density, patch size, road density, or the overall diversity of all habitat types within landscapes. Neither the maximal nor the mean number of inbound Marbled Murrelets differed among years; the effect of year was small relative to the effect of habitat on murrelet numbers. Our results suggest that changes in the amount or distribution of nesting habitat should result in detectable changes in murrelet numbers at the scale of individual drainages. Thus, the amount and distribution of nesting habitat may play a role in the regulation of Marbled Murrelet populations, supporting the contention that providing nesting habitat is an effective conservation and restoration technique for this species. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. ABR Inc, Environm Res & Serv, Forest Grove, OR 97116 USA. RP Raphael, MG (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 3625 93rd Ave SW, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. NR 48 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 11 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2002 VL 104 IS 2 BP 331 EP 342 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2002)104[0331:LSRBAO]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 548RF UT WOS:000175402500010 ER PT J AU Moorman, CE Guynn, DC Kilgo, JC AF Moorman, CE Guynn, DC Kilgo, JC TI Hooded warbler nesting success adjacent to group-selection and clearcut edges in a southeastern bottomland forest SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE bottomland; brood parasitism; clearcut; edge effects; group selection; Hooded Warbler; nest success; Wilsonia citrina ID CENTRAL HARDWOOD FORESTS; BROWN-HEADED COWBIRDS; ARTIFICIAL NESTS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SITE SELECTION; UNITED-STATES; HABITAT USE; FRAGMENTED LANDSCAPE; PREDATION RATES; BREEDING BIRDS AB During the 1996. 1997, and 1998 breeding seasons, we located and monitored Hooded Warbler (Wilsonia citrina) nests in at bottomland forest and examined the effects of edge proximity, edge type, and nest-site vegetation on nesting Success. Successful Hooded Warbler nests were more concealed from below and were located in nest patches with a greater abundance of >0.5-m-tall switchcane (Arundinaria gigantea) stems than unsuccessful nests. Daily nest survival rates, clutch size, and number of fledglings per successful nest did not differ between nests near edges of selection-harvest openings within the bottomland and nests near edges of clearcuts adjacent to the bottomland. Daily survival rate, clutch size, and number of fledgling per successful nest did not differ among nests 0-50 m, 51-100 m, and > 100 m from the nearest edge, and probability of nest survival was not related to proximity to either edge type. However. probability of parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) was higher near clearcut edges. and parasitism reduced clutch sire and numbers of fledglings per successful nest. The combined effects of edge, especially edge created by the relatively small (less than or equal to 0.5 ha) group-selection openings, on Hooded Warbler nesting success were minimal. However, our study was conducted in a primarily forested landscape. so cowbird abundance or negative edge effects may have been low relative to agricultural landscapes in the South. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Forest Resources, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. USDA, Forest Serv Savannah River, So Res Stn, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. RP Moorman, CE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Box 8003, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM chris_moorman@ncsu.edu NR 66 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 EI 1938-5129 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD MAY PY 2002 VL 104 IS 2 BP 366 EP 377 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2002)104[0366:HWNSAT]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 548RF UT WOS:000175402500013 ER PT J AU Hager, AG Wax, LM Bollero, GA Simmons, FW AF Hager, AG Wax, LM Bollero, GA Simmons, FW TI Common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis Sauer) management with soil-applied herbicides in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE weed control; herbicide application timing; herbicide application dose ID RESISTANT; TRIAZINE; SULFENTRAZONE; BIOTYPE; PALMERI AB Amaranthus rudis can exhibit multiple emergence events during a crop growing season. Control of this species in soybean with soil-applied herbicides can be variable. A 2-yr field research project was conducted to examine the influence of herbicide application timing and dose on efficacy of six soil-applied herbicides for common waterhemp control in soybean. Four weeks after soybean planting, herbicides applied preemergence provided 18% greater common waterhemp control than when herbicides were applied 5 weeks early preplant. Herbicide dose did not significantly influence common waterhemp control, but differences among the six herbicides were evident, Sulfentrazone controlled common waterhemp better and reduced its density more than other herbicides. All herbicides reduced the weed density and dry weight more than the nontreated control. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Hager, AG (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave,S-324 Turner Hall, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 21 IS 4 BP 277 EP 283 AR PII S0261-2194(01)00098-9 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(01)00098-9 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 554BP UT WOS:000175713300002 ER PT J AU Khalil, IH Carver, BF Krenzer, EG MacKown, CT Horn, GW AF Khalil, IH Carver, BF Krenzer, EG MacKown, CT Horn, GW TI Genetic trends in winter wheat yield and test weight under dual-purpose and grain-only management systems SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LEAF RUST; CULTIVARS; IMPROVEMENT; SELECTION; FORAGE AB Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars of the southern Great Plains are traditionally bred in environments managed for grain production only but are commonly grown for the dual-purpose of producing winter forage and grain from the same crop. To what extent grain yield and test weight are consistently expressed in those environments requires investigation relative to long-term attempts to improve them genetically. A historical set of hard red winter (HRW) wheat cultivars was evaluated under grain-only and dual-purpose management Systems to compare their agronomic performance and derived estimates of genetic progress. Separate experiments were established for each system featuring whole-plot treatments of a foliar fungicide and split-plot treatments of 12 cultivars. The study was conducted for 3 yr at the Wheat Pasture Res. Ctr. near Marshall, OK. Dual-purpose experiments were generally grazed from November through February. Yield in the grain-only system improved 18.8 kg ha(-1) yr(-1), equivalent to 1.3% of the mean yield for Turkey. The rate of progress in the dual-purpose system was significantly lower at 11.3 kg ha(-1) yr(-1),equivalent to 0.9% of the mean for Turkey. Management for grazing had a more profound influence on estimates of yield improvement than did management for disease protection. Linear trends in test weight were not evident under either system, nor were cultivar differences influenced by management system consistently across years. Breeding practices should emphasize selection for grain yield in both environments if future progress is to be maximized in both. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Carver, BF (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 710 EP 715 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546QB UT WOS:000175283900006 ER PT J AU Cervantes-Martinez, CT Frey, KJ White, PJ Wesenberg, DM Holland, JB AF Cervantes-Martinez, CT Frey, KJ White, PJ Wesenberg, DM Holland, JB TI Correlated responses to selection for greater beta-glucan content in two oat populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-YIELD; PROTEIN YIELD; RECURRENT SELECTION; INHERITANCE; LEVEL AB Oat (Avena sativa L.) beta-glucan lowers serum cholesterol in humans. Thus, enhancing its content in oat cultivars for human consumption is desirable. Phenotypic selection for greater beta-glucan content was effective in two broad-based oat populations, BG1 and BG2. The initial and selected cycles of each of these populations were evaluated in 1996 and 1997 at two Iowa locations to determine the correlated responses of agronomic and grain quality traits to selection for greater beta-glucan content. Correlated responses were generally unfavorable for agronomic performance, but favorable in terms of human nutritional value of oat grain. Mean protein content increased by 5% in one population while mean oil content and heading date did not change. Mean grain yield, biomass, and test weight were reduced by 25, 23. and 2%, respectively, in one population and not affected in the other. Plant height decreased by 5% in one population only. Genotypic variances were unchanged by selection, except the genetic variance for plant height in BG2 increased. Selection strengthened negative genotypic correlations between beta-glucan content and grain yield, biomass, and oil content in both populations, and between P-glucan content and test weight, heading date, and height in one population. beta-Glucan yield (the product of beta-glucan content and grain yield) was positively genotypically correlated with both grain yield (r = 0.92 in both populations) and beta-glucan content (r = 0.66 and r = 0.26 in the two populations). Selection for greater beta-glucan yield could be used to improve beta-glucan content and grain yield simultaneously. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Autonoma Chapingo, Mexico City 56230, DF, Mexico. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Holland, JB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. OI Holland, James/0000-0002-4341-9675 NR 34 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 730 EP 738 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546QB UT WOS:000175283900009 ER PT J AU Vadez, V Sinclair, TR AF Vadez, V Sinclair, TR TI Sensitivity of N-2 fixation traits in soybean cultivar Jackson to manganese SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-FIXATION; WATER-DEFICIT; GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES; BIOMASS ACCUMULATION; UREIDE DEGRADATION; DROUGHT; INHIBITION; TOLERANCE; OXYGEN; LEAVES AB There are large increases in leaf ureides, allantoin, and allantoic acid upon water deficit in N-2 fixing soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], which are likely to trigger a feedback inhibition of nodule activity. The degradation of ureides in the leaves appears to be a major factor associated with N-2 fixation tolerance to water deficit. Since one of the possible enzymes responsible for allantoic acid degradation depends on Mn as a cofactor, we investigated the possibility that the previously demonstrated N-2 fixation tolerance to water deficit of the cultivar Jackson may result from a superior ability to accumulate Mn. Indeed, Jackson was found in field and greenhouse experiments to have higher leaf Mu concentrations than other genotypes over a range of Mn availability. Acetylene reduction activity after treating Jackson plants grown on hydroponic solutions with ureide did not vary, however, with leaf Mn concentration. This was in contrast to a soybean line with N-2 fixation sensitive to water deficit in which acetylene reduction activity following ureide treatment was greater as the leaf Mn concentration increased. In addition, ureide degradation rates in Jackson leaf samples with differing Mn concentrations were insensitive to Mn concentration. These results indicate that ureide degradation likely did not involve Mn as a cofactor and that ureide degradation in Jackson is catalyzed by an enzyme not requiring Mn as a cofactor. It was concluded that the capacity to maintain a high leaf Mn concentration in Jackson under sufficient Mn availability was a trait with no causal relationship to N-2 fixation tolerance of water deficit. C1 Univ Florida, IFAS, Agron Physiol Lab, USDA ARS,Agron Dep, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Agron Physiol Lab, USDA ARS,Agron Dep, Bldg 350,2005 SW 23rd St,POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Vadez, Vincent/C-5310-2014 OI Vadez, Vincent/0000-0003-2014-0281 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 791 EP 796 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546QB UT WOS:000175283900016 ER PT J AU Fagerness, MJ Yelverton, FH Livingston, DP Rufty, TW AF Fagerness, MJ Yelverton, FH Livingston, DP Rufty, TW TI Temperature and trinexapac-ethyl effects on bermudagrass growth, dormancy, and freezing tolerance SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TIFWAY BERMUDAGRASS; CYNODON AB Applications of the plant growth regulator (PGR) trinexapac-ethyl [4-(cyclopropyl-et-hydroxymethylene)-3,5-dioxocyclohexane carboxylic acid ethylester] (TE) can delay winter dormancy in 'Tifway' bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon var. dactylon), which suggests a response to TE when temperatures are suboptimum for bermudagrass growth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interactive role of temperature and TE in bermudagrass growth responses, dormancy, and freezing tolerance. Trinexapac-ethyl (0.11 kg a.i. ha(-1)) was applied in two growth chamber experiments, and across a 2-yr period in the field. Results indicated that TE reduced vertical shoot growth and increased stolon production, turf density, and quality when applied at high temperatures (35-36degreesC). While TE effectively reduced vertical shoot growth at low (20-22degreesC) temperatures, little impact on stolon development was observed under these conditions. Autumn applications of TE when temperatures were cool (approximate to25degrees) at the time of application led to decreased turfgrass density and quality. These responses may explain the effectiveness of using TE to aid in bermudagrass transition to overseeded cool-season grasses and were probably due to the limited ability of bermudagrass to recover from initial post-application growth reduction and observed leaf chlorosis. Observed delayed autumn dormancy due to summer applications of TE and accelerated dormancy due to late-season applications did not conclusively relate to the freezing tolerance of bermudagrass. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Hort Forestry & Recreat Resources, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Fagerness, MJ (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Hort Forestry & Recreat Resources, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 18 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 853 EP 858 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546QB UT WOS:000175283900025 ER PT J AU Burns, JC Sollenberger, LE AF Burns, JC Sollenberger, LE TI Grazing Behavior of ruminants and daily performance from warm-season grasses SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INGESTIVE MASTICATION; EASTERN GAMAGRASS; TROPICAL PASTURES; DIGESTA KINETICS; PLANT STRUCTURE; DRY-MATTER; BITE SIZE; CATTLE; SWITCHGRASS; HERBAGE AB An estimate of the animal-production potential of pastures can be assessed by knowing the daily dry matter (DM) intake of the grazing animal and the digestibility of the DM consumed. The objective of this paper is to examine the relationships between pasture canopy characteristics, ingestive behavior, and daily animal response from warm-season pastures. Of daily DM intake and digestibility of the DM consumed, the former is the most variable and the most difficult to determine. One approach to estimating daily DM intake has been to use the components of ingestive behavior to determine a shortterm intake rate (g min(-1)), which can be scaled using grazing time (min d(-1)) to give a 24-h DM intake (kg d-1). This approach has been used experimentally with some success, but has not found application in production settings. While aspects of ingestive behavior, including ingestive mastication, are common to all grazing ruminants, literature indicates that differences occur among ruminant species and that animals ingest different pasture species differently. This results in plant-animal interactions. Frequently these dynamics are not clearly addressed for cool-season and warm-season pastures in literature reviews, which adds undue confusion to the general area. Ingestive behavior is discussed relative to animal- and pasture-generated bounds which operate within paddocks and can greatly alter ingestive behavior estimates. Also presented are relationships between diet particle size, associated with ingestive mastication, and steer daily gains. C1 N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Burns, JC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 47 TC 42 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 12 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 873 EP 881 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546QB UT WOS:000175283900028 ER PT J AU Waldron, BL Asay, KH Jensen, KB AF Waldron, BL Asay, KH Jensen, KB TI Stability and yield of cool-season pasture grass species grown at five irrigation levels SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STABLE CROP GENOTYPES; SIMULTANEOUS SELECTION; TRIALS; PERFORMANCE AB The yield stability of cool-season pasture grasses at different irrigation levels has not been well documented. Objectives were to evaluate selection of pasture grass species in environments where irrigation may be limited or unreliable. Dry matter yield was determined for eight grass species during 1996 through 1998 at five irrigation levels. Shukla's stability statistics were calculated and species selection based on mean-yield versus Kang's yield-stability indices were compared. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), meadow brome (Bromus riparius Rehm.), and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) had higher than average dry matter yield and were selected on a mean-yield basis. On the basis of Shukla's statistics, meadow brome and orchardgrass did not contribute to the genotype X irrigation level interaction or the genotype X irrigation level X year interaction, respectively. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) also did not contribute to these genotype X environment interactions; however, Shukla's statistics suggested that the linear effect of irrigation was the underlying determinant of perennial ryegrass's apparent stability. Species selection based on yield-stability indices vi ere generally in close agreement to selection of species on a mean-yield basis. One exception, Kang's Modified Rank Sum method, placed too much emphasis on stability resulting in selection of species with low forage yields. Tall fescue had superior forage yield at all irrigation levels and was always selected by yield-stability indices. Orchardgrass and meadow brome were also selected by all yield-stability indices. These results indicate that tall fescue, orchardgrass, and meadow brome are the species of choice where irrigation may be limited. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Utah State Univ, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Waldron, BL (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 20 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 890 EP 896 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546QB UT WOS:000175283900030 ER PT J AU Floyd, DJ Barker, RE AF Floyd, DJ Barker, RE TI Change of ryegrass seedling root fluorescence expression during three generations of seed increase SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Seedling root fluorescence (SRF) has been used since the early 1940s to discriminate Italian (annual) ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) from perennial ryegrass (L. perenne L.). Generally, roots of Italian ryegrass fluoresce tinder ultraviolet light, while those of perennial ryegrass do not fluoresce, but the trait has readily introgressed from Italian to perennial. Breeders document fluorescence levels of new ryegrass cultivars before the), enter seed certification programs. The objective of this study was to ascertain if there was genetic change for the expression of SRF during generations of seed multiplication. Four ryegrass populations, constructed to have low, medium, and high SRF levels, were increased independently for three generations in the field at each of three Oregon locations (Aurora, Corvallis. and Madras). The SRF was measured on the initial population parentss and for each generation cycle at each location. There were significant differences in SRF among locations within populations and for seed production generation within locations. One population initially at 11% SRF increased to 36% across the three generations of seed multiplication at Corvallis, but decreased to 8 and 2% at the other two locations. The other three populations responded differently, showing large population X location and population X generation interactions for SRF expression. Location of increase and the seed production generation must he examined and carefully considered when describing fluorescence levels of cultivars for seed certification purposes. The large amount of variation associated with environmental influences indicates SRF is not a reliable characteristic to describe and predict ryegrass cultivar genetic purity. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Pickseed W Inc, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Barker, RE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 905 EP 911 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546QB UT WOS:000175283900032 ER PT J AU Pal, N Sandhu, JS Domier, LL Kolb, FL AF Pal, N Sandhu, JS Domier, LL Kolb, FL TI Development and characterization of microsatellite and RFLP-derived PCR markers in oat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REPEAT DNA MARKERS; LINKAGE MAP; BARLEY; WHEAT; RICE; GENOME; SATIVA; IDENTIFICATION; INTEGRATION; ABUNDANCE AB Two sources were evaluated for the production of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) markers for oat (A vena spp.). First, nucleotide sequences were determined for 250 unique clones from oat microsatellite-enriched genomic libraries. Forty-four of the 63 primer pairs designed were functional, of which 18 (41%) were polymorphic among 13 A vena species and six (14%) were polymorphic between oat cultivars Kanota and Ogle. Second, primers were designed from the sequences of six cDNA fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) probes. Primer pairs from all six cDNA clones were polymorphic among the 13 A vena species, three A ere polymorphic between Kanota and Ogle, but only one was polymorphic directly between 'Clintland 64' and JL86-5698. However, by cloning and sequencing the PCR products from Clintland 64 and IL86..5698, it was possible to identify nucleotide sequence differences at restriction enzyme cutting sites in DNA fragments from two other primer pairs. Using the two types of markers. we placed nine loci on the hexaploid oat restriction RFLP map. The RFLP-derived markers often mapped to the same or similar positions as the corresponding RFLP markers within and between mapping populations. The sequence analysis also revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) not at restriction enzyme cutting sites. Since multiple SNPs could be detected even within genes and the techniques for the development of SNPs and microsatellites are similar, it may be possible to identify more informative SNP markers than microsatellites from the same type of analysis. C1 Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Domier, LL (reprint author), Univ Illinois, USDA ARS, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 42 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 912 EP 918 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546QB UT WOS:000175283900033 ER PT J AU Saruul, P Srienc, F Somers, DA Samac, DA AF Saruul, P Srienc, F Somers, DA Samac, DA TI Production of a biodegradable plastic polymer, poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate, in transgenic alfalfa SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALCALIGENES-EUTROPHUS H16; BIOSYNTHETIC-PATHWAY; RALSTONIA-EUTROPHA; ARABIDOPSIS; POLYHYDROXYBUTYRATE; EXPRESSION; PLANTS; POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES; OXIDATION; THIOLASE AB Alfalfa (Wedicago sativa L.) is primarily used as a source of forage and animal feed. Improving the economic value of alfalfa could be achieved by developing new uses of this perennial crop. To investigate the potential of alfalfa as a source of industrial materials, we employed a genetic transformation approach to produce a biodegradable plastic, poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), in the leaves of alfalfa plants. Three genes from Ralstonia eutropha (formerly Alcaligenes eutrophus) encoding the enzymes for synthesis of PHB (phbA, phbB, phbC) and a copolymer of PHB and polyhydroxyvalerate (polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate, or PHB/V) (bktB, phbR, phbC) engineered for plastid targeting were introduced into alfalfa by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. DNA and RNA blot analyses of transgenic plants indicated integration and expression of the PHR biosynthetic pathway genes. Polyhydroxybutyrate content in the leaves of transgenic plants ranged from approximate to0.025 to 1.8 g kg(-1) dry weight (DW). Agglomerations of PHB granules 0.2 to 0.4 mum in diameter, similar to bacterial PHB, were located in the chloroplasts of transgenic plants, demonstrating that phb gene products were targeted into the plastids of transgenic alfalfa. Transgenic plants exhibited growth similar to untransformed plants, suggesting that expression of PHR biosynthetic pathway genes at current levels and accumulation of product in the plastids had no deleterious effect on growth and fertility. F, hybrid progeny, obtained from crosses of PHB transgenic plants with elite alfalfa germplasm. exhibited leaf PHB levels similar to the transgenic parental line, demonstrating that PHB production in alfalfa is a stable and dominantly inherited trait. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Gortner Labs, Biol Proc Technol Inst, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Gortner Labs, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Samac, DA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 495 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 27 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 9 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 919 EP 927 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546QB UT WOS:000175283900034 ER PT J AU Dahleen, LS Bregitzer, P AF Dahleen, LS Bregitzer, P TI An improved media system for high regeneration rates from barley immature embryo-derived callus cultures of commercial cultivars SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PLANT-REGENERATION; HORDEUM-VULGARE; TRITICUM-AESTIVUM AB Improved plant regeneration from tissues of elite barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) will facilitate their genetic transformation. Significant improvements in green plant regeneration from tissues of 'Morex' and 'Harrington' were achieved by modifying iron and boric acid concentrations. and by adding 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP) to the culture medium. The plant regeneration in response to various concentrations of eight micronutrients indicated that MS concentrations were appropriate for KH2PO4, NaMoO4, MnSO4, KI, CoCl2 and ZnSO4. Increased H3BO3 (0.75 m,VI) and decreased FeSO4 (0.05 MM) improved green plant regeneration. The addition of 0.1 mg/L BAP to maintenance media resulted in an increase in regeneration. The effect of these changes, in combination with previously reported improvements, was assessed by comparing regeneration responses of eight cultivars and elite breeding lines on the improved media versus the original MS-based media. Green plant regeneration was improved for all tested lines and cultivars. from an average of two green plants to 29 green plants per Petri dish. Regeneration rates from all elite lines and cultivars on the improved media exceeded that of the highly regenerable 'Golden Promise' on the original media, indicating that poor plant regeneration should no longer limit the transformation of modern North American cultivars. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Dahleen, LS (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 18 TC 41 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 934 EP 938 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546QB UT WOS:000175283900036 ER PT J AU Wang, ZN Zemetra, RS Hansen, J Hang, A Mallory-Smith, CA Burton, C AF Wang, ZN Zemetra, RS Hansen, J Hang, A Mallory-Smith, CA Burton, C TI Determination of the paternity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) x jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica host) BC1 plants by using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) technique SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHROMOSOMES; GENE; DNA; DISCRIMINATION; HYBRIDS AB The release of herbicide resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) raises concerns with gene flow between wheat and jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host). Hybrids between the two species and backcrosses,with either species have been observed in the field. Gene flow is dependent on jointed goatgrass being the paternal parent of the BC1 generation. Differences in the genomes of wheat (AABBDD) and jointed goatgrass (CCDD) could be used to determine the paternity of the BC1 generation. Twenty BC, plants (10 of each paternal type) were used to determine if the number of C genome chromosomes based on genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) could be used to determine BC1 paternity. Differences between the two BC1 paternal types for number of C genome chromosomes indicates that C genome chromosome counts could be used to determine the paternity BC1 plants providing a more accurate estimate of the potential for gene flow between the two species. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Zemetra, RS (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 939 EP 943 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546QB UT WOS:000175283900037 ER PT J AU Gethi, JG Labate, JA Lamkey, KR Smith, ME Kresovich, S AF Gethi, JG Labate, JA Lamkey, KR Smith, ME Kresovich, S TI SSR variation in important US maize inbred lines SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS L; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; HETEROTIC GROUPS; PEDIGREE DATA; RFLP MARKERS; POPULATIONS; REGISTRATION; ASSOCIATIONS; MULTIVARIATE AB Historically important public inbred lines continue to play an important role in maize (Zea mays L.) improvement in many different breeding programs. Their continued use means they have undergone numerous seed increases in diverse programs since their original release. Our objective was to estimate the level of genetic diversity among and within inbred lines from different sources using SSR markers. We sampled six inbred lines (B73. CM105. Mo17, Oh43, W153R, and Wf9) obtained from 14 sources (breeding programs). The data were analyzed by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), genetic diversity statistics, and genetic distance (Dice's coefficient). Of the total variation observed in gene frequency. 87.8% was found among inbred lines, 7.6% among sources within inbred lines, and 4.6% within sources. Genotypes of identically named inbred lines from eight different sources differed slightly on the basis of 44 SSR loci. The mean genetic similarity between sources of the same inbred was greater than 85%. It can be concluded that although more diversity exists among these six inbred lines than within them, a small but significant amount of variation exists among seed sources within inbreds. This variation may have arisen through differences in seed maintenance, since we found no evidence to suggest high mutation rates or extensive outcrossing. The small but statistically significant level of variation raises concerns in germplasm conservation, mapping studies, marker development', and long-term recombinant inbred line development, especially when high resolution is desired. C1 Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kresovich, S (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Inst Genom Divers, Biotechnol Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 48 TC 63 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 7 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 951 EP 957 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546QB UT WOS:000175283900039 ER PT J AU Tai, PYP Miller, JD AF Tai, PYP Miller, JD TI Germplasm diversity among four sugarcane species for sugar composition SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The characterization of the World Collection of Sugarcane is needed for effective preservation and use of genetic resources. The objective of this study was to evaluate sugarcane germplasm from field plots by means of an analysis of sugar composition of four Saccharunt species (32 S. officinarum L., 30 S. barberi Jesw., 27 S., obustum Brandes and Jeswiet ex Grassi, and 23 S. sinense Roxb.) plus four commercial cultivars. Stalks were cut from all clones of 1-yr-old plant cane and 11 clones from the first ratoon crop were crushed for juice analysis by conventional (Brix-pol) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. Most juice quality measurements showed a significant interaction between clones and crop cycles. The frequency distribution of sucrose content of the plant cane for S. officinarum, S. barberi, and S. robustum showed a marked skewness toward high sucrose content. The four species, however, showed different trends based on sugar content: S. officinarum clones were distributed in the plot of low glucose and fructose contents with sucrose content extending from low to high; S. sinense clones were distributed in the plot from low sucrose and low glucose-fructose to high sucrose,and high glucose-fructose; and S. barberi and S. robustum clones were distributed in the plot between the former two species. Cluster analysis also indicated the heterogeneity within and among these four species. Information on sugar composition should assist curators in separating clones in their collection and breeders in selecting superior clones for use in their breeding programs. C1 USDA ARS, SAA Sugarcane Field Stn, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. RP Tai, PYP (reprint author), USDA ARS, SAA Sugarcane Field Stn, 12990 US Highway 441, Canal Point, FL 33438 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 958 EP 964 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546QB UT WOS:000175283900040 ER PT J AU Hang, AN Miklas, PN Silbernagel, MJ Hosfield, GL AF Hang, AN Miklas, PN Silbernagel, MJ Hosfield, GL TI Registration of 'Rojo Chiquito' small red dry bean SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crops Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Hang, AN (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Ctr Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 985 EP 986 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546QB UT WOS:000175283900048 ER PT J AU Miller, JF Al-Khatib, K AF Miller, JF Al-Khatib, K TI Registration of imidazolinone herbicide-resistant sunflower maintainer (HA 425) and fertility restorer (RHA 426 and RHA 427) germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LINES C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Miller, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 3 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 988 EP 989 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546QB UT WOS:000175283900052 ER PT J AU Percy, RG AF Percy, RG TI Registration of five extra-long staple cotton germplasm lines possessing superior fiber length and strength SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN PIMA COTTON C1 USDA ARS, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Percy, RG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Maricopa Agr Ctr, 37860 W Smith Enke Rd, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 988 EP 988 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546QB UT WOS:000175283900051 ER PT J AU Miller, JF Gulya, TJ Seiler, GJ AF Miller, JF Gulya, TJ Seiler, GJ TI Registration of five fertility restorer sunflower germplasms SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Miller, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 989 EP 991 PG 3 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546QB UT WOS:000175283900053 ER PT J AU Louie, R Jones, MW Anderson, RJ Redinbaugh, MG AF Louie, R Jones, MW Anderson, RJ Redinbaugh, MG TI Registration of maize germplasm Oh1VI SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHLOROTIC DWARF VIRUS C1 USDA ARS, Corn & Soybean Res Unit, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Jones, MW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Corn & Soybean Res Unit, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RI Redinbaugh, Margaret/A-3611-2013 NR 2 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 991 EP 991 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546QB UT WOS:000175283900054 ER PT J AU Miller, JF Vick, BA AF Miller, JF Vick, BA TI Registration of four mid-range oleic acid sunflower genetic stocks SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GERMPLASM LINES C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Miller, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, POB 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 994 EP 994 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546QB UT WOS:000175283900058 ER PT J AU Turley, RB AF Turley, RB TI Registration of MD 17 fiberless upland cotton as a genetic stock SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Turley, RB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 3 BP 994 EP 995 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 546QB UT WOS:000175283900059 ER PT J AU Lanser, AC Manthey, LK Hou, CT AF Lanser, AC Manthey, LK Hou, CT TI Regioselectivity of new bacterial lipases determined by hydrolysis of triolein SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEOTRICHUM-CANDIDUM; INTERESTERIFICATION; LIPIDS; FATS; OILS AB The newly identified lipases of 67 bacterial strains, primarily Bacillus and Pseudomonas, from the ARS Culture Collection have been characterized on the basis of their positional specificity for triglycerides (triolein). Lipase was produced by growing the cultures in tryptone-glucose-yeast extract medium for 24 h at 30degreesC before addition of triglyceride. The lipase was allowed to act on the triglyceride for 3 days before analysis by thin-layer chromatography. Of the bacterial lipases tested, 55 displayed random specificity, 9 were 1,3-specific, and 3 showed no apparent lipase activity under these conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genomics & Bioproc Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Lanser, AC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Microbial Genomics & Bioproc Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 44 IS 5 BP 336 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s00284-001-0019-3 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 539TH UT WOS:000174886600005 PM 11927984 ER PT J AU Simon, A Collison, AJC AF Simon, A Collison, AJC TI Quantifying the mechanical and hydrologic effects of riparian vegetation on streambank stability SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE bank stability; riparian vegetation; matric suction; root reinforcement; transpiration ID ROOT DISTRIBUTIONS; TREE ROOTS; STRENGTH AB Riparian vegetation strips are widely used by river managers to increase streambank stability, among other purposes. However, through the effects of Vegetation on batik stability are widely discussed they are rarely quantified, and generally underemphasize the importance of hydrologic processes, some of which may be detrimental. This paper presents results from an experiment in which the hydrologic and mechanical effects of four riparian tree species and two erosion-control,grasses were quantified in relation to bank stability. Geotechnical and pore-water pressure data from streambank plots under three riparian covers (mature trees, clump grasses and bare/cropped turf grass) were used to drive the ARS bank stability model, and the resulting factor of safety (F-s) was broken down into its constituent parts to assess the contribution (beneficial or detrimental) of individual hydrologic and mechanical effects (soil moisture modification, root rein forcement and Surcharge). Tree roots were found to increase soil strength by 2-8 kPa depending on species, while grass roots contributed 6-18 kPa. Slope stability analysis based on data collected during bank failures in spring 2000 (following a very dry antecedent period) shows that the mechanical effects of the tree cover increased F-s by 32 per cent, while the hydrologic effects increased F-s by 71 per cent. For grasses the figures were 70 per cent for mechanical effects and a reduction of F-s by 10 per cent for the hydrologic effects. However, analysis based on bank failures in spring 2001 (following a wetter than average antecedent period) showed the mechanical effects of the tree cover to increase F-s by 46 per cent, while hydrologic effects added 29 per cent. For grasses the figures were 49 per cent and -15 per cent respectively. During several periods in spring 2001 the hydrologic effects of the tree cover reduced batik stability, though this was always offset by the stabilizing mechanical effects. The results demonstrate the importance of hydrologic processes in controlling streambank stability, and highlight the need to select riparian vegetation based on hydrologic as well as mechanical and ecological criteria, Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Simon, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 29 TC 260 Z9 285 U1 10 U2 100 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 27 IS 5 BP 527 EP 546 DI 10.1002/esp.325 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 559KC UT WOS:000176024500005 ER PT J AU Lewis, J AF Lewis, J TI Quantifying recent erosion and sediment delivery using probability sampling: A case study SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE sediment budgets; erosion; uncertainty; stratified random sampling; ratio estimator AB Estimates of erosion and sediment delivery have often relied on measurements from locations that were selected to be representative of particular terrain types. Such judgement samples are likely to overestimate or underestimate the mean of the quantity of interest. Probability sampling can eliminate the bias due to sample selection, and it permits the explicit expression of uncertainty with estimates of variance and confidence intervals. In this case study of the Van Duzen River Basin of northwestern California, erosion and sediment delivery originating after 1955 were estimated using a ratio estimator for air-photo-identifiable features greater than 3800 m(3) and a stratified random sample (STRS) of field plots to quantify smaller erosion features. A method is also illustrated for estimating the variance of the ratio of two STRS estimates. Variance estimation permits one to partition the uncertainty associated with different kinds of erosion measurements. The most reliable estimates were obtained from discrete hillslope features, while earthflow yield estimates had extremely high variance. The variance estimates presented can be used to determine sample sizes and allocations required to meet the objectives of future investigations in similar terrain types. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Lewis, J (reprint author), Redwood Sci Lab, 1700 Bayview Dr, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 27 IS 5 BP 559 EP 572 DI 10.1002/esp.331 PG 14 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 559KC UT WOS:000176024500007 ER PT J AU Reed, WJ McKelvey, KS AF Reed, WJ McKelvey, KS TI Power-law behaviour and parametric models for the size-distribution of forest fires SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE fire area; power-law; size distribution; extinguishment growth rate ratio; self-organized criticality ID SELF-ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; SPREAD AB This paper examines the distribution of areas burned in forest fires. Empirical size distributions, derived from extensive fire records, for six regions in North America are presented. While they show some commonalities, it appears that a simple power-law distribution of sizes, as has been suggested by some authors, is too simple to describe the distributions over their full range. A stochastic model for the spread and extinguishment of fires is used to examine conditions for power-law behaviour and deviations from it. The concept of the extinguishment growth rate ratio (EGRR) is developed. A null model with constant EGRR leads to a power-law distribution, but this does not appear to hold empirically for the data sets examined. Some alternative parametric forms for the size distribution are presented, with a four-parameter 'competing hazards' model providing the overall best fit. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Victoria, Dept Math & Stat, Victoria, BC V8W 3P4, Canada. USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, RMRS, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Reed, WJ (reprint author), Univ Victoria, Dept Math & Stat, POB 3045, Victoria, BC V8W 3P4, Canada. NR 18 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 150 IS 3 BP 239 EP 254 AR PII S0304-3800(01)00483-5 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(01)00483-5 PG 16 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 553BF UT WOS:000175655100002 ER PT J AU Pregitzer, KS DeForest, JL Burton, AJ Allen, MF Ruess, RW Hendrick, RL AF Pregitzer, KS DeForest, JL Burton, AJ Allen, MF Ruess, RW Hendrick, RL TI Fine root architecture of nine North American trees SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE Acer saccharum; carbon; Juniper-us monosperma; Liriodendron tulipifera; nitrogen; Picea glauca; Pinus edulis; Pinus elliottii; Pinus resinosa; Populus balsamifera; Quercus alba; roots ID ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; AGROPYRON-DESERTORUM; LIFE-SPAN; SOIL; RESPIRATION; NITROGEN; PLANT; GROWTH; CARBON; PATCHES AB The fine roots of trees are concentrated on lateral branches that arise from perennial roots. They are important in the acquisition of water and essential nutrients, and at the ecosystem level, they make a significant contribution to biogeochemical cycling. Fine roots have often been studied according to arbitrary size classes, e.g., all roots less than 1 or 2 mm in diameter. Because of the size class approach. the position of an individual root on the complex lateral branching system has often been ignored, and relationships between the form of the branching root system and its function are poorly understood. The fine roots of both gymnosperms and angiosperms, which formed ectomycorrhizae (EM) and arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) fungal associations, were sampled in 1998 and 1999. Study sites were chosen to encompass a wide variety of environments in four regions of North America. Intact lateral branches were collected from each species and 18 561 individual roots were dissected by order, with distal roots numbered as first-order roots. This scheme is similar to the one commonly used to number the order of streams. Fine root diameter. length, specific root length (SRL; m/g), and nitrogen (N) concentration of nine North American tree species (Acer saccharum, Juniperus monosperma, Liriodendron tulipifera, Picea glauca, Pinus edulis, Pinus elliottii, Pinus resinosa, Populus balsamifera, and Quercus alba) were then compared and contrasted. Lateral roots <0.5 mm in diameter accounted for >75% of the total number and length of individual roots sampled in all species except Liriodendron tulipifera. Both SRL and N concentration decreased with increasing root order in all nine species, and this pattern appears to be universal in all temperate and boreal trees. Nitrogen concentrations ranged from 8.5 to 30.9 g/kg and were highest in the first-order "root tips." On a mass basis, first-order roots are expensive to maintain per unit time (high tissue N concentration). Tissue N appears to be a key factor in understanding the C cost of maintaining first- and second-order roots, which dominate the display of absorbing root length. There were many Significant differences among species in diameter, length, SRL, and N concentration. For example, two different species can have similar SRL but very different tissue N concentrations. Our findings run contrary to the common idea that all roots of a given size class function the same way and that a common size class for fine roots works well for all species. Interestingly, fine root lateral branches are apparently deciduous, with a distinct lateral branch scar. The position of an individual root on the branching root system appears to be important in understanding the function of fine roots. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. USDA, US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Pregitzer, KS (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM kspregit@mtu.edu RI DeForest, Jared/E-5777-2011 NR 62 TC 360 Z9 520 U1 29 U2 210 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 72 IS 2 BP 293 EP 309 DI 10.1890/0012-9615(2002)072[0293:FRAONN]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 544FP UT WOS:000175147800008 ER PT J AU Lemly, AD Ohlendorf, HM AF Lemly, AD Ohlendorf, HM TI Regulatory implications of using constructed wetlands to treat selenium-laden wastewater SO ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY LA English DT Article ID KESTERSON-RESERVOIR; AQUATIC BIRDS; IRRIGATION DRAINWATER; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; CALIFORNIA; IMPACTS; FISH; CONTAMINANTS; SUCCESS; FAILURE AB The practice of using constructed wetlands to treat selenium-laden wastewater is gaining popularity in the United States and elsewhere. However, proponents of treatment wetlands often overlook important ecological liabilities and regulatory implications when developing new methods and applications. Their research studies typically seek to answer a basic performance question-are treatment wetlands effective in improving water quality-rather than answering an implicit safety question-are they hazardous to wildlife. Nevertheless, wetland owners are responsible for both the operational performance of treatment wetlands and the health of animals that use them. This is true even if wetlands were not created with the intent of providing wildlife habitat; the owner is still legally responsible for toxic hazards. If poisoning of fish and wildlife occurs, the owner can be prosecuted under a variety of federal and state laws, for example, the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the Endangered Species Act. In considering this type of treatment technology it is important to document the selenium content of the wastewater, understand how it cycles and accumulates in the environment, and evaluate the threat it may pose to fish and wildlife before deciding whether or not to proceed with construction. Many of the potential hazards may not be obvious to project planners, particularly if there is no expressed intention for the wetland to provide wildlife habitat. Ecological risk assessment provides an approach to characterizing proposed treatment wetlands with respect to wildlife use, selenium contamination, and possible biological impacts. Proper application of this approach can reveal potential problems and the associated liabilities, and form the basis for selection of an environmentally sound treatment option. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 US Forest Serv, Coldwater Fisheries Res Unit, So Res Stn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. CH2M HILL Inc, Sacramento, CA 95833 USA. RP Lemly, AD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Coldwater Fisheries Res Unit, So Res Stn, 1650 Ramble Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. NR 57 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0147-6513 J9 ECOTOX ENVIRON SAFE JI Ecotox. Environ. Safe. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 52 IS 1 BP 46 EP 56 DI 10.1006/eesa.2002.2145 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 555UL UT WOS:000175811600007 PM 12051807 ER PT J AU Wackers, FL Bonifay, C Lewis, WJ AF Wackers, FL Bonifay, C Lewis, WJ TI Conditioning of appetitive behavior in the Hymenopteran parasitoid Microplitis croceipes SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE proboscis extension; odor learning; feeding; conditioned reflex; Hymenoptera; Braconidae ID PROBOSCIS EXTENSION; HOST; WASP; LEPIDOPTERA; BRACONIDAE; NOCTUIDAE; LOCATION; DIPTERA AB Work on insect learning has made ample use of conditioned behaviors in single learning tasks. Parasitic wasps are particularly suited to study more complex learning processes, as they alternate between host searching and foraging for sugar sources. We here describe a set of behaviors that unambiguously represents sugar feeding in the Hymenopteran parasitoid Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Furthermore, we demonstrate that this parasitoid can be conditioned to exhibit these behaviors in response to odor stimuli previously associated with feeding. In conjunction with a previously described ovipositor probing response in this species, our findings constitute the first instance in which multiple conditioned behaviors representing feeding and reproduction have been identified for one insect species. This provides a valuable tool for the study of multiple task learning. C1 Dept Entomol, NL-6700 EH Wageningen, Netherlands. NIOO CTO, NL-6666 ZG Heteren, Netherlands. ARS, Insect Biol & Populat Management Res Lab, USDA, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Wackers, FL (reprint author), Dept Entomol, POB 8031, NL-6700 EH Wageningen, Netherlands. NR 23 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 103 IS 2 BP 135 EP 138 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.2002.00970.x PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 595FG UT WOS:000178097000004 ER PT J AU Bruck, DJ Lewis, LC AF Bruck, DJ Lewis, LC TI Whorl and pollen-shed stage application of Beauveria bassiana for suppression of adult western corn rootworm SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE Diabrotica virgifera virgifera; Beauveria bassiana; microbial control; fungal dynamics; Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae ID LARVAL CONTROL; CHRYSOMELIDAE; COLEOPTERA; DIABROTICA; FUNGI; SOIL AB The corn rootworm complex is the most damaging insect pest of corn (Zea mays L.). This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of whorl and pollen-shed stage applications of a granular formulation of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin for control of adult western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte). The effect of application time (whorl-stage, pollen-shed) and plant surface exposed (leaves and leaf collars; silks; leaves, leaf collars, and silks) on level of beetle fungal infection were investigated. In addition, the number of colony forming units of B. bassiana in the corn leaf collar area was quantified. In the three years (1998-2000) of the study, application of B. bassiana at whorl-stage did not significantly increase beetle fungal infection. Beauveria bassiana applied to plants at pollen-shed in 1998 resulted in a significant increase in beetle infection with 51% of beetles from treated plants infected and 6.0% from control plants. Similar applications at pollen-shed in 1999 and 2000 resulted in very low infection levels. Beauveria bassiana application at pollen-shed stage significantly increased the number of colony forming units per leaf collar during all years of the study. Beetle infection with B. bassiana did not differ consistently among plant surface to which beetles were exposed for either application. Increased fungal load in leaf collars was not correlated with increased levels of adult infection. Increased rates of B. bassiana and application when beetles are present on the plants are likely needed to significantly increase infection rates. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Entomol, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bruck, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 103 IS 2 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.2002.00972.x PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 595FG UT WOS:000178097000007 ER PT J AU Havill, NP Raffa, KF AF Havill, NP Raffa, KF TI Effects of gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae) laboratory strain and crowding on emergence of the parasitoid Cotesia melanoscelus (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article ID HOST PLANTS; COMPLEX; ENEMIES AB We examined the success of the gypsy moth larval endoparasitoid Cotesia melanoscelus among 3 host rearing methods, and 2 laboratory Lymantria dispar host strains. When reared individually, parasitism success was higher for hosts reared in 1-oz. cups than in cells of 50-cell rearing trays. Under these conditions there was no difference in C. melanoscelus success between strains, However, when parasitized gypsy moths were reared together in groups of 50, there was a distinct difference in parasitoid suitability between strains. Percent larval parasitoid emergence was 7.9x higher for Delaware strain L. dispar larvae than for NJSS larvae. Parasitoid sex ratios were not significantly affected by host strain. The reduced ability of parasitoids to successfully develop was caused almost entirely by host mortality prior to parasitoid emergence, Implications for biological control of gypsy moth by C. melanoscelus are briefly discussed. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Entomol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Havill, NP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Ctr Forest Hlth Res, 51 Mill Pond Rd, Hamden, CT 06514 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 113 IS 3 BP 197 EP 202 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 566KU UT WOS:000176427900008 ER PT J AU Allwine, KJ Thistle, HW Teske, ME Anhold, J AF Allwine, KJ Thistle, HW Teske, ME Anhold, J TI The agricultural dispersal-valley drift spray drift modeling system compared with pesticide drift data SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Environmental-Toxicology-and-Chemistry CY NOV 12-16, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem DE atmospheric modeling; pesticide drift; complex terrain; aerial application ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; AIRCRAFT; FATE AB The coupling of the valley drift (VALDRIFT) atmospheric dispersion/deposition model with the agricultural dispersal (AGDISP) aircraft wake model generates a modeling system for predicting the off-target drift of pesticides sprayed in a mountain valley. The approach uses the AGDISP near-field spray model to estimate the mass fraction of pesticide remaining airborne after initial application, then the VALDRIFT complex terrain model to estimate the drift of pesticide from the target area. The modeling system inputs include detailed spray information, a measure (or estimate) of winds in the valley, and the valley topographic characteristics; the results are pesticide concentrations throughout the valley atmosphere and pesticide deposition to the valley surface. The AGDISP and VALDRIFT models are operated independently, with the results from AGDISP being used as input to VALDRIFT through user-created data files. The modeling system was evaluated using pesticide drift data from spray trials conducted in the Mill Creek Canyon of Utah's Wasatch Mountains, USA, during the late spring of 1993. The predicted deposition compared within a factor of three of the observations (70% of the time) at all sampling locations extending several kilometers down-valley from the spray treatment block. The overall average ratio of predicted-to-observed deposition was 0.9. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Continuum Dynam, Ewing, NJ 08618 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Allwine, KJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1085 EP 1090 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2002)021<1085:TADVDS>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 584ZV UT WOS:000177499400026 PM 12013131 ER PT J AU Torrence, ME AF Torrence, ME TI Data sources: Use in the epidemiologic study of medical devices SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE data sources; medical devices; epidemiologic studies; surveillance; Medicare; National Center for Health Statistics ID PACEMAKER RECIPIENTS AB Medical device epidemiology is the study of the prevalence and incidence of use, effectiveness, and adverse events associated with medical devices in a population. The identification of large data sources with medical device data provides a large population for epidemiologic studies. Two challenges in medical device epidemiology are the ability to find data on the specific device and the exposure of a patient to that device. This paper identifies data sources both from the government and from the private sector that can be used for epidemiologic studies of medical devices and, to a limited degree, studies of medical devices in women. Each source provides data for different types of devices and in differing specificity. The paper also discusses briefly the strengths and weaknesses of each data source. More data sources are needed to enhance the study of medical device epidemiology. Additional efforts and focus are needed to enhance the ability to study medical devices in women. C1 US FDA, Food & Drug Adm, Off Surveillance & Biomet, Epidemiol Branch,Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Rockville, MD USA. RP Torrence, ME (reprint author), USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Natl Program Leader Food Safety, AgBox 2220,1400 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 2002 VL 13 IS 3 SU S BP S10 EP S14 DI 10.1097/00001648-200205001-00002 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 545ZE UT WOS:000175246800002 PM 12071476 ER PT J AU Tovar-Mendez, A Miernyk, JA Randall, DD AF Tovar-Mendez, A Miernyk, JA Randall, DD TI Histidine mutagenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE autophosphorylation; protein kinase; pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; regulatory phosphorylation; site-directed mutagenesis ID PROTEIN-KINASE; REGULATORY PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-CLONING; EXPRESSION; PHOSPHATASE; COMPLEX; DOMAIN; PHOSPHORYLATION; SUPERFAMILY; RESIDUES AB Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) is the primary regulator of flux through the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Analysis of the primary amino-acid sequences of PDK from various sources reveals that these enzymes include the five domains characteristic of prokaryotic two-component His-kinases, despite the fact that PDK exclusively phosphorylates Ser residues in the E1alpha subunit of the PDC. This seeming contradiction might be resolved if the PDK-catalyzed reaction employed a phospho-His intermediate. The results from pH-stability studies of autophosphorylated Arabidopsis thaliana PDK did not provide any support for a phospho-His intermediate. Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis of the two most likely phosphotransfer His residues (H121 and H168) did not abolish either PDK autophosphorylation or the ability to transphosphorylate E1alpha. Thus, PDK is a unique type of protein kinase having a His-kinase-like sequence but Ser-kinase activity. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Randall, DD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Schweitzer Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-2956 J9 EUR J BIOCHEM JI Eur. J. Biochem. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 269 IS 10 BP 2601 EP 2606 DI 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.02933.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 554HK UT WOS:000175729600022 PM 12027899 ER PT J AU Kovaleva, ES Yakovlev, AG Masler, EP Chitwood, DJ AF Kovaleva, ES Yakovlev, AG Masler, EP Chitwood, DJ TI Human proprotein convertase 2 homologue from a plant nematode: Cloning, characterization, and comparison with other species SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cDNA cloning; (G plus C) content; plant-parasitic nematode; Heterodera glycines ID CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; PARASITIC NEMATODES; PROHORMONE CONVERTASES; NEUROPEPTIDE GENE; CODON USAGE; FAMILY; PROTEASE; PEPTIDES; BINDING; DOMAIN AB Proprotein convertases (PCs) are evolutionarily conserved enzymes responsible for processing the precursors of many bioactive peptides in mammals. The invertebrate homologues of PC2 play important roles during development that makes the enzyme a good target for practical applications in pest management. Screening of a plant nematode Heterodera glycines cDNA library resulted in isolation of a full-length clone encoding a PC2-like precursor. The deduced protein (74.2 kD) exhibits strong amino acid homology to all known PC2s, including human, and shares the main structural characteristics: signal peptide; prosegment; catalytic domain, with D/H/S catalytic triad, PC2-specific residues, and 7B2 binding sites; P domain (with RRGDT pentapeptide); and carboxyl terminus. Comparative analysis of PC2s from 15 species discloses the presence of an insert in the catalytic domain unique to nematodes. Expression of PC2-like mRNA found in eggs and juveniles was undetectable in adult stages of H. glycines. Nucleotide analysis reveals distinctive differences in base composition and codon usage between H. glycines and Caenorhabditis elegans PC2s. The H. glycines cDNA clone encoding PC2 is the first one isolated from plant-parasitic nematodes. C1 ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Kovaleva, ES (reprint author), ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, PSI, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 011A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM kovaleve@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 16 IS 7 BP 1099 EP + DI 10.1096/fh.01-0940fje PG 18 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 558NR UT WOS:000175973900009 PM 12039853 ER PT J AU Delaney, B Phillips, K Vasquez, C Wilson, A Cox, D Wang, HB Manthey, J AF Delaney, B Phillips, K Vasquez, C Wilson, A Cox, D Wang, HB Manthey, J TI Genetic toxicity of a standardized mixture of citrus polymethoxylated flavones SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polymethoxylated flavone; citrus; mutagenicity ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; OCCURRING PLANT PHENOLS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; DIETARY FLAVONOIDS; SENCAR MICE; LUNG-CELLS; MUTAGENICITY; INHIBITION; QUERCETIN AB Flavonoids are a ubiquitous family of phytochemicals that display a variety of biological effects. both beneficial and adverse depending on the individual compound. Certain flavonoids are genotoxic while others inhibit the genotoxicity of other mutagens. In the present studies. the mutagenicity of a mixture of polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) purified from citrus peel oil was evaluated. The mixture consisted of nobiletin (32.5%), 3,3',4',5,6,7,8-heptamethoxyflavone (25.0%), tangeretin (14.0%). trimethylscutellarein (9.1%), sinensetin (3.9%), 5-demethyl-nobiletin (2.8%), hexa-O-methylquercetagetin (3.3%), 5-demethyl-tetramethylscutellarein (0.7%). 5-hydroxy-3,3'.4'.6,7,8-hexamethoxyflavone (0.7%), and a small quantity of unidentified flavonoid compounds (3.9%). In vitro addition of the PMF mixture over a concentration range that spanned four log doses (0.0005-5.0 mg/plate) did not reveal any evidence of mutagenicity in five bacterial tester strains (Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535 and TA1537) either in the absence or presence of S9 activation. The PMF mixture exhibited a statistically significant increase in mutagenicity of L5178Y tk(+/-) mouse lymphoma cells at 0.05 (38.5x10(-6): P<0.05) and 0.1 mg/ml (61x10(-6): P<0.01) compared with vehicle-treated controls (mutation frequency = 19.7x10(-6)). However, these responses were within historical values observed in negative control cultures and extremely small compared to the positive control (EMS 0.5 mul/ml; 1685.3x10(-6)). Furthermore, in the presence of S9 there was no indication of genetic toxicity in L5178Y tk(+/-) cells. These results demonstrate that the PMF mixture is not genotoxic in in vitro assay systems. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cargill Hlth & Food Technol, Wayzata, MN 55391 USA. Midwest Res Inst, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Cargill Feed Applicat, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. Cargill Citro Amer Inc, St Frostproof, FL 33843 USA. ARS, USDA, SAA, US Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Delaney, B (reprint author), Cargill Hlth & Food Technol, 15407 McGinty Rd W,MS 110, Wayzata, MN 55391 USA. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 40 IS 5 BP 617 EP 624 AR PII S0278-6915(01)00007-8 DI 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00007-8 PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 553JR UT WOS:000175672500006 PM 11955667 ER PT J AU Taylor, MR AF Taylor, MR TI Reforming food safety: A model for the future - The long-term success of the US food safety system requires unification of the existing agencies. Here's why and how this should occur SO FOOD TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Resources Future Inc, Risk Resource & Environm Management Div, Washington, DC 20036 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Taylor, MR (reprint author), Resources Future Inc, Risk Resource & Environm Management Div, 1616 P St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0015-6639 J9 FOOD TECHNOL-CHICAGO JI Food Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 56 IS 5 BP 190 EP 194 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 554EU UT WOS:000175721700012 ER PT J AU Hamner, PC Bond, BH Wiedenbeck, JK AF Hamner, PC Bond, BH Wiedenbeck, JK TI The effects of lumber length on part yields in gang-rip-first rough mills SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTIVITY AB The lumber processed in most rough mills typically arrives from vendors in packages of random width boards with lengths ranging from 8 to 16 feet. However, little attention has been given to analyzing how differences in board lengths affect rough mill yield given varying part-prioritization strategies and cutting bill scenarios. The objective of this study was to determine if the same clear part yield could be obtained from the same volume of lumber and grade mix of shorter boards (7 to 8 ft.), medium-length boards (I I to 12 ft.), and long boards (15 to 16 ft.). This study uses simulation (ROMI-RIP 2.0) and applies an experimental design that reflects actual gang-rip-first rough mill operations found in furniture, cabinet, and dimension industries. Two cutting bills representing "easy" and "hard" degrees of difficulty were used. Three part-prioritization strategies were applied to reflect both standard rough mill practices and an optimizing strategy. Five randomized replications from each length sort were run for both cutting bills and for each part-prioritization strategy. A total of 90 simulations were used in the analysis. Total part yield was the dependent variable in this study. Statistical analysis indicated that significant differences in part yields existed between the three lumber length sorts for both cutting bills and for all three part-prioritization strategies. Average part yields across part-prioritization strategies increased consistently, by more than 5 percent overall, for both cutting bills, as board length increased. C1 Univ Tennessee, Tennessee Forest Prod Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Hamner, PC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Tennessee Forest Prod Ctr, Box 1071, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 52 IS 5 BP 71 EP 76 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 554EV UT WOS:000175721800009 ER PT J AU Christensen, GA Julin, KR Ross, RJ Willits, S AF Christensen, GA Julin, KR Ross, RJ Willits, S TI Volume recovery, grade yield, and properties of lumber from young-growth Sitka spruce and western hemlock in Southeast Alaska SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Wood volume recovery, lumber grade yield, and mechanical properties of young-growth Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophyla (Raf.) Sarg.) were examined. The sample included trees from commercially thinned and unthinned stands and fluted western hemlock logs obtained from a sort yard. Mean cubic recovery of lumber volume from all sawn logs was 44.9 percent. More than 90 percent of the lumber was graded as No. 2 or better; about 5 percent was Clear (C-Select or D-Select), and about 10 percent was Select Structural. No differences in volume recovery or grade yield due to thinning were noted for Sitka spruce logs. For western hemlock, more volume was recovered from trees in unthinned stands; more Select Structural and No. 1 lumber and less No. 2 lumber was produced from thinned stands. No differences in volume recovery or grade yield were noted between fluted and unthinned western hemlock. Bending proper-ties were found to be excellent for this resource. All grades for both species exceeded or matched published bending modulus of elasticity (MOE) values for these species. No differences in MOE were noted between thinned and unthinned lumber from both species. Slightly higher MOE values were noted in fluted western hemlock for the No. 1 and No. 2 lumber grades. Lumber from this young-growth resource appears best suited for structural light framing or molding and millwork, based on visual grading rules and mechanical properties observed. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97208 USA. Cty Marin, Woodacre, CA 94973 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. PNW, Forest Inventory & Anal, Portland, OR USA. RP Christensen, GA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 52 IS 5 BP 81 EP 87 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 554EV UT WOS:000175721800011 ER PT J AU DeStefano, S Haight, RG AF DeStefano, S Haight, RG TI Forest wildlife-habitat relationships: Introduction SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP DeStefano, S (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Geol Survey, Massachusetts Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 48 IS 2 SI SI BP 177 EP 178 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 550UZ UT WOS:000175523000001 ER PT J AU McComb, WC McGrath, MT Spies, TA Vesely, D AF McComb, WC McGrath, MT Spies, TA Vesely, D TI Models for mapping potential habitat at landscape scales: An example using northern spotted owls SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE wildlife habitat relationships; forest habitat; forest planning ID ARBOREAL MARSUPIALS; OLYMPIC PENINSULA; SIMULATION-MODEL; WESTERN OREGON; INDEX MODELS; OLD-GROWTH; FORESTS; NESTS; UNCERTAINTY; WASHINGTON AB We are assessing the potential for current and alternative policies in the Oregon Coast Range to affect habitat capability for a suite of forest resources. We provide an example of a spatially explicit habitat capability model for northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) to illustrate the approach we are taking to assess potential changes in habitat capability for vertebrates across the Coast Range. The model was based on vegetation structure at five spatial scales: the potential nest tree, a 0.5 ha potential nest patch, 28 ha around a potential nest patch, 212 ha around a potential nest patch, and a 1,810 ha home range area around a potential nest patch. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the proportion of the 28 ha patch in large trees around a potential nest patch, and the number of potential nest trees per ha in the nest patch, had the greatest influence on habitat capability estimates. The model was verified using georeferenced locations of spotted owl nests from systematically surveyed areas. Logistic regression analysis indicated that habitat capability scores were significantly associated with the probability of a site having a nest. Alternative model structures were tested during verification to test assumptions associated with four variables. The final model allowed development of a map of habitat capability for spotted owl nesting. The model will be linked to a model of forest dynamics to project changes in habitat capability under alternative land management policies. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Pacific Wildlife Res, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP McComb, WC (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 50 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 48 IS 2 SI SI BP 203 EP 216 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 550UZ UT WOS:000175523000004 ER PT J AU Posner, SD Jordan, PA AF Posner, SD Jordan, PA TI Competitive effects on plantation white spruce saplings from shrubs that are important browse for moose SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE conifer-release; browsing impacts; frost damage; multiple-resource management; silvicultural costs ID GLYPHOSATE-TREATED CLEARCUTS; MAINE; REGENERATION AB Conifer planting is often accompanied by herbicide control of surrounding broadleaf, woody plants that may interfere with conifer growth, a process that releases conifers from competitive suppression. Because potential competitors often provide browse for wildlife, their removal may conflict with objectives in multiple-resource management. While some agencies, such as the USDA Forest Service (USFS), have greatly reduced herbicide use, many other timber producers still rely on chemicals to release conifers from competing vegetation. In northeastern Minnesota, where moose (Alces alces) are a highly valued resource, we studied impacts of broadleaf shrubs on 4- to 16-yr-old white spruce (Picea glauca) along with the extent of browsing by moose on these shrubs. Height, diameter, and current vertical growth increment of spruce were compared among four levels of presence (density strata) of shrubs immediately surrounding each sapling. Spruce grew as well or better in the low and medium density strata as in the no-shrub stratum. In the high density stratum, height and growth increment, particularly in 10- to 16-yr-old spruce, appeared reduced. Presence of shrubs seemed to reduce frost damage in young spruce. Moose browsing reduced height of most shrub species, suggesting that these animals provide a release effect on adjacent spruce. We recommend a release strategy that avoids reduction of shrubs beyond the level that assures normal growth in young spruce, so as both to minimize loss of browse for wildlife and avoid unnecessary silvicultural costs. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Wildlife Staff, Chequamegon Nicolet Natl Forest, Washburn, WI 54891 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Posner, SD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Wildlife Staff, Chequamegon Nicolet Natl Forest, Washburn Ranger Dist,Box 578, Washburn, WI 54891 USA. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 48 IS 2 SI SI BP 283 EP 289 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 550UZ UT WOS:000175523000011 ER PT J AU DeGraaf, RM Yamasaki, M AF DeGraaf, RM Yamasaki, M TI Effects of edge contrast on redback salamander distribution in even-aged northern hardwoods SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE redback salamanders; forest management; edge effects ID RED-BACKED SALAMANDER; SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN SALAMANDERS; BROOK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; TERRESTRIAL SALAMANDERS; PLETHODON-CINEREUS; CLEAR-CUT; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; NEST PREDATION; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; SOIL ACIDITY AB Terrestrial salamanders are sensitive to forest disturbance associated with even-aged management. We studied the distribution of redback salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) for 4 yr at edges between even-aged northern hardwood stands along three replicate transects in each of three edge contrast types: regeneration/mature, sapling/mature, and poletimber/mature in northern New Hampshire. We used 2 m(2) coverboard clusters at the edge, and at 5, 10, 20, and 40 m into the younger and mature stands. Salamanders were surveyed 12 times per year from May to October, approximately once every 2 wk, usually within 24 hr of a rain event. Habitat variables included board station soil temperature, litter depth, organic layer depth, depth to soil mottling, herbaceous cover, down log cover, three classes of understory hardwood stem density [0.5-1m tall, 1-2 m tail and <10 cm dbh, and >2 m tall], softwood stem density, Rubus/other stem density, and overstory basal area (ba) and mean dbh. A total of 4,038 redback salamanders were detected during 432 transect counts. The mean salamander density was 0.41/m(2) across regenerating stand transects, 0.47m(2) across sapling transects, and 0.69 m(2) across poletimber transects. We analyzed salamander distribution by edge type, replicate, year, station (distance from edge), and their interactions. There were significant differences in salamander detections among edge types, replicates, station, and years for both counts across entire younger forest/mature forest transects and across the younger forest transect sections. There were significant interactions between edge type and distance from edge. Salamander detections were greater(P<0.001) in pole/mature edges than in sapling/mature and regeneration/mature edges in all years. Counts in sapling and regeneration stands were not different. The pattern of salamander abundance was similar across all edge types: low abundance 40 m out in the younger stand, increased abundance near or at the edge, a decrease just inside the edge, peak abundance in the mature stand (20 m inside the edge), and decline at 40 m in the mature stand. Salamander counts differed among years across all transects, tracking yearly precipitation differences. Counts also varied seasonally; early spring and late summer counts were higher (P<0.001) than counts in early to mid-summer and fall. Salamander counts were negatively related to total understory stem density, density of hardwood stems >2 cm tall and <10 cm dbh, and percent herb cover, and positively related to soil organic layer depth (P values <0.10). A stepwise regression model included percent herbaceous ground cover, number of hardwood stems >2 m tall and <10 cm dbh, and organic soil layer depth, and explained 29% of the variation in redback salamander counts. Our findings are consistent with reported recovery times for redback salamanders after clearcut harvesting; recovery rates even along edges may take about 30 yr. Seasonal and yearly variation must be taken into account if terrestrial salamanders are used in monitoring programs. C1 Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, USDA, Wildlife Habitat Res Unit,NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP DeGraaf, RM (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, USDA, Wildlife Habitat Res Unit,NE Res Stn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM rdegraaf@fs.fed.us; myamasaki@fs.fed.us NR 81 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 28 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 48 IS 2 SI SI BP 351 EP 363 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 550UZ UT WOS:000175523000018 ER PT J AU Ortega, YK Capen, DE AF Ortega, YK Capen, DE TI Roads as edges: Effects on birds in forested landscapes SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE forest edges; nest predation; territory distribution; Vermont ID OVENBIRD SEIURUS-AUROCAPILLUS; AVIAN NEST PREDATION; HARDWOOD FOREST; BREEDING BIRDS; HABITAT STRUCTURE; ARTIFICIAL NESTS; PAIRING SUCCESS; FRAGMENTATION; DENSITY; ABUNDANCE AB Numerous studies have documented that forest edges affect habitat use and reproductive success of forest birds, but few studies have considered edges created by narrow breaks in the forest canopy. We compared predation rates on artificial nests placed within forest habitat along edge transects, 10 m from unpaved roads, and along interior transects, 300 m from forest-road boundaries. Local factors, such as nest concealment, and landscape factors, such as the degree of forestation in surrounding areas, were accounted for when testing for edge effects on nest predation. We conducted fixed-radius point counts to compare relative abundance of 34 bird species on edge and interior transects. Also, seven study plots were established adjacent to unpaved roads to map the distribution of bird territories within edge areas, 0-150 m from unpaved roads, and interior areas, 150-300 m from roads. Rates of nest predation on artificial nests did not differ between edge and interior transects, but the distribution of forest birds was influenced by unpaved roads. Four of 18 forest-interior species had lower relative abundance or territory density adjacent to roads, while four of six species categorized as edge nesters had higher relative abundance on edge transects. Our results suggest that narrow openings within forested landscapes may affect habitat use but not nest predation levels, emphasizing the need to frame definitions of "edge effects" within the context of multiple ecological processes. C1 Univ Vermont, Wildlife & Fisheries Biol Program, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Ortega, YK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, POB 8089, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. NR 51 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 25 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 48 IS 2 SI SI BP 381 EP 390 PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 550UZ UT WOS:000175523000021 ER PT J AU King, DI DeGraaf, RM AF King, DI DeGraaf, RM TI The effect of forest roads on the reproductive success of forest-dwelling passerine birds SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE edges; habitat; microclimate; nest success; Seiurus aurocapillus ID HABITAT USE; FOOD; EDGE; FRAGMENTATION; LANDSCAPE; COMMUNITIES; OVENBIRDS; COWBIRDS; WARBLERS; QUALITY AB Recent studies indicate that forest roads may affect the distribution of forest-dwelling birds. However, previous studies have not demonstrated any significant effects of forest roads on avian productivity. We studied the effect of maintained and unmaintained forest roads on (1) forest bird nest survival, (2) reproductive parameters of ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapillus) potentially associated with food abundance, and (3) habitat and microclimate at six sites on the White Mountain National Forest, New Hampshire, during two breeding seasons. Nest survival did not differ between areas near (0-150 m) and far (>150 m) from maintained forest roads, and was marginally (P = 0.08) higher in areas near (0-150 m) unmaintained roads. When the 0-150 m distance class was subdivided, however, nest survival was significantly higher within 0-75 m of maintained roads than >75-150 m away. Ovenbird nest initiation dates, clutch size, and fledging success did not differ between areas near (0-150 m) and far (>150 m) from maintained and unmaintained forest roads, and this result did not change when the distance class 0-150 m from roads was subdivided. There were no relationships between habitat or microclimate and distance from maintained roads. We conclude that small, unsurfaced forest roads at low road density do not result in decreases in forest passerine bird productivity in extensively forested areas in New England. C1 Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn,Wildlife Habitat Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP King, DI (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn,Wildlife Habitat Res Unit, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 48 IS 2 SI SI BP 391 EP 396 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 550UZ UT WOS:000175523000022 ER PT J AU Wipfli, MS Gregovich, DP AF Wipfli, MS Gregovich, DP TI Export of invertebrates and detritus from fishless headwater streams in southeastern Alaska: implications for downstream salmonid production SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE headwater streams; invertebrates; riparian; salmonids; subsidy ID TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES; RIPARIAN VEGETATION; ALLOCHTHONOUS INPUT; ENERGY-FLOW; OLD-GROWTH; FOOD WEBS; DRY MASS; FOREST; LENGTH; MACROINVERTEBRATES AB 1. We examined the export of invertebrates (aquatic and terrestrial) and coarse organic detritus from forested headwaters to aquatic habitats downstream in the coastal mountains of southeast Alaska, U.S.A. Fifty-two small streams (mean discharge range: 1.2-3.6 L s(-1) ), representing a geographic range throughout southeast Alaska, were sampled with 250-mum nets either seasonally (April, July, September) or every 2 weeks throughout the year. Samples were used to assess the potential subsidy of energy from fishless headwaters to downstream systems containing fish. 2. Invertebrates of aquatic and terrestrial origin were both captured, with aquatic taxa making up 65-92% of the total. Baetidae, Chironomidae and Ostracoda were most numerous of the aquatic taxa (34, 16 and 8%, respectively), although Coleoptera (mostly Amphizoidae) contributed the greatest biomass (30%). Mites (Acarina) were the most numerous terrestrial taxon, while terrestrial Coleoptera accounted for most of the terrestrial invertebrate biomass. 3. Invertebrates and detritus were exported from headwaters throughout the year, averaging 163 mg invertebrate dry mass stream(-1) day(-1) and 10.4 g detritus stream(-1) day(-1) , respectively. The amount of export was highly variable among streams and seasons (5-6000 individuals stream(-1) day(-1) and <1-22 individuals m(-3) water; <1-286 g detritus stream(-1) day(-1) and <0.1-1.7 g detritus m(-3) water). Delivery of invertebrates from headwaters to habitats with fish was estimated at 0.44 g dry mass m(-2) year(-1) . We estimate that every kilometre of salmonid-bearing stream could receive enough energy (prey and detritus) from fishless headwaters to support 100-2000 young-of-the-year (YOY) salmonids. These results illustrate that headwaters are source areas of aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates and detritus, linking upland ecosystems with habitats lower in the catchment. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Wipfli, MS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, 2770 Sherwood Lane, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 50 TC 109 Z9 113 U1 5 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 47 IS 5 BP 957 EP 969 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00826.x PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 546BB UT WOS:000175251100005 ER PT J AU Kynast, RG Okagaki, RJ Rines, HW Phillips, RL AF Kynast, R. G. Okagaki, R. J. Rines, H. W. Phillips, R. L. TI Maize individualized chromosome and derived radiation hybrid lines and their use in functional genomics SO FUNCTIONAL & INTEGRATIVE GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE Avena sativa L.; Oat-maize chromosome addition line; Oat-maize radiation hybrid line; Zea mays L. AB The duplicated and rearranged nature of plant genomes frequently complicates identification, chromosomal assignment and eventual manipulation of DNA segments. Separating an individual chromosome from its native complement by adding it to an alien genetic background together with the generation of radiation hybrids from such an addition line can enable or simplify structural and functional analyses of complex duplicated genomes. We have established fertile disomic addition lines for each of the individual maize chromosomes, except chromosome 10, with oat as the host species; DNA is available for chromosome 10 in a haploid oat background. We report on instability and transmission in disomic additions of maize chromosomes 1, 5, and 8; the chromosome 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, and 9 additions appear stable. The photoperiodic response of the two recovered maize chromosome 1 addition lines contrasts to the long-day flowering response of the oat parents and the other addition lines. Only when grown under short days did maize chromosome 1 addition lines set seed, and only one line transmitted the maize chromosome 1 to offspring. Low resolution radiation hybrid maps are presented for maize chromosomes 2 and 9 to illustrate the use of radiation hybrids for rapid physical mapping of large numbers of DNA sequences, such as ESTs. The potential of addition and radiation hybrid lines for mapping duplicated sequences or gene families to chromosome segments is presented and also the use of the lines to test interactions between genes located on different maize chromosomes as observed for ectopic expression of cell fate alterations. C1 [Kynast, R. G.; Okagaki, R. J.; Phillips, R. L.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, Inst Plant Mol Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Rines, H. W.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, Plant Sci Res Unit, USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Phillips, RL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, Inst Plant Mol Genet, 411 Borlaug Hall,1991 Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM phill005@umn.edu FU National Science Foundation [9872650] FX We thank C. D. Russell, A.O. Stec and H. A. Zaia for excellent technical assistance. For discussion of the manuscript and valuable suggestions, we thank Prof. Rudi Appels, WA Agriculture/PMB-CRC, Munoch University, Perth, Western Australia. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 9872650. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1438-793X EI 1438-7948 J9 FUNCT INTEGR GENOMIC JI Funct. Integr. Genomics PD MAY PY 2002 VL 2 IS 1-2 BP 60 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s10142-002-0052-8 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA V32LN UT WOS:000208952800007 PM 12021851 ER PT J AU Islam-Faridi, MN Childs, KL Klein, PE Hodnett, G Menz, MA Klein, RR Rooney, WL Mullet, JE Stelly, DM Price, HJ AF Islam-Faridi, MN Childs, KL Klein, PE Hodnett, G Menz, MA Klein, RR Rooney, WL Mullet, JE Stelly, DM Price, HJ TI A molecular cytogenetic map of sorghum chromosome 1: Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis with mapped bacterial artificial chromosomes SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID BICOLOR L. MOENCH; RFLP LINKAGE MAP; PHYSICAL MAPS; SYNAPTONEMAL COMPLEX; GENOME MAP; WHEAT; TOMATO; GENES; MAIZE; LOCI AB We used structural genomic resources for Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench to target acid develop multiple molecular cytogenetic probes that would provide extensive coverage for a specific chromosome of sorghum. Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones containing molecular markers mapped across sorghum linkage group A were labeled as probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Signals from single-, dual-, and multiprobe BAC-FISH to spreads of mitotic chromosomes and pachytene bivalents were associated with the largest sorghum chromosome, which bears the nucleolus organizing region (NOR). The order of individual BAC-FISH loci along the chromosome was fully concordant to that of marker loci along the linkage map. In addition, the order of several tightly linked molecular markers was clarified by FISH analysis. The FISH results indicate that markers from the linkage map positions 0.0-81.8 cM reside in the short arm of chromosome I whereas markers froth 81.8-242.9 cM are located in the long arm of chromosome 1. The centromere and NOR were located in a large heterochromatic region that spans similar to60% of chromosome 1. In contrast, this region represents only 0.7% of the total genetic map distance of this chromosome. Variation in recombination frequency among euchromatic chromosomal regions also was apparent. The integrated data underscore the value of cytological data, because minor errors and uncertainties in linkage maps can involve huge physical regions. The successful development of multiprobe FISH cocktails suggests that it is feasible to develop chromosome-specific "paints" from genomic resources rather than flow sorting or microdissection and that when applied to pachytene chromatin, such cocktails provide an especially powerful framework for mapping. Such a molecular cytogenetic infrastructure would be inherently cross-linked with other genomic tools and thereby establish a cytogenomics system with extensive utility in development and application of genomic resources, cloning, transgene localization, development of plant "chromonomics," germplasm introgression, and marker-assisted breeding. In combination with previously reported work, the results indicate that a sorghum cytogenomics system would be partially applicable to other gramineous genera. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Plant Genom & Biotechnol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Islam-Faridi, MN (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, Rm 435,370 Olsen Blvd, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Childs, Kevin/C-9513-2014; OI Childs, Kevin/0000-0002-3680-062X; Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 NR 53 TC 71 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 6 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAY PY 2002 VL 161 IS 1 BP 345 EP 353 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 555VX UT WOS:000175814900031 PM 12019248 ER PT J AU Hicke, JA Asner, GP Randerson, JT Tucker, C Los, S Birdsey, R Jenkins, JC Field, C AF Hicke, JA Asner, GP Randerson, JT Tucker, C Los, S Birdsey, R Jenkins, JC Field, C TI Trends in North American net primary productivity derived from satellite observations, 1982-1998 SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE net primary productivity; North America; trends; carbon cycle; NPP; NDVI ID TERRESTRIAL CARBON SINK; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; US FORESTS; LAND; MODEL; FERTILIZATION; NITROGEN AB [1] Net primary productivity (NPP) in North America was computed for the years 1982-1998 using the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford approach (CASA) carbon cycle model. CASA was driven by a new, corrected satellite record of the normalized difference vegetation index at 8-km spatial resolution. Regional trends in the 17-year NPP record varied substantially across the continent. Croplands and grasslands of the Central Plains and eastern Canadian forests experienced summer increases in NPP. Peak NPP trends in Alaska and western Canada occurred in late spring or early summer, suggesting an earlier onset of the growing season in these regions. Forests and woodlands of the southeastern United States showed NPP increases in spring and fall, also suggesting an increase in the length of the growing season. An analysis of climate variables showed that summer precipitation increased in the Central Plains, indicating that climate changes probably play some role in increasing NPP in this region, though intensive management of agricultural ecosystems has also increased productivity. Similarly, increased summer precipitation possibly increased NPP in eastern Canada, but another possible explanation is forest recovery after insect damage. NPP in the southeastern United States increased in the absence of climate variation. Much of this region consists of aggressively managed forests, with young stand ages and intensive silviculture resulting in increased NPP. The high latitudes of western Canada and Alaska experienced spring warming that could have increased NPP in late spring or early summer. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Atmospher Phys, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Hicke, JA (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Washington, 290 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Los, Sietse/G-8985-2012; Hicke, Jeff/M-9677-2013; Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 NR 56 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 2 AR 1019 DI 10.1029/2001GB001550 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 609DG UT WOS:000178887900010 ER PT J AU Morrison, LW AF Morrison, LW TI The geographic distribution of pubescence in the sea daisy, Borrichia aborescens, on Bahamian Islands SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Archipelago; Bahamas; glabrous; island biogeography; leaf hairs; salt spray; stomata; trichomes ID LEAF SURFACE WETNESS; GAS-EXCHANGE; DESERT SHRUB; DEFENSE; POPULATIONS; BUTTONWOOD; HAIRS AB Borrichia aborescens (L.) DC. is a salt-tolerant perennial herb that is common on small islands in the central Bahamas. Two morphotypes are present: one with densely pubescent leaves and one with glabrous leaves. I conducted surveys in three archipelagos to document the geographical distribution of pubescence in this species and to infer the underlying mechanisms. B. aborescens was also grown from see in a greenhouse. The pubescent form of B. aborescens was relatively more abundant on small islands than on nearby large 'mainland' islands. In two of the three archipelagoes, pubescence increased with distance on small islands. The pubescent form was relatively more abundant on small islands exposed to the open ocean compared to small islands that were protected by mainland islands or reefs on all sides. On a large mainland island, the pubescent form decreased in relative abundance inland from the coast. B. aborescens cultivated in a greenhouse revealed the effect of a genetic factor on the expression of pubescence. The observed patterns of variation are consistent with a physiological explanation for the adaptive benefit of pubescence. Trichomes may prevent physical blockage of the stomata by accumulation of salt in areas near breaking waves and salt spray. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Populat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Div Biol Sci, Sect Evolut & Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Morrison, LW (reprint author), ARS, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, USDA, POB 14565, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-7447 J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 11 IS 3 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1046/j.1466-822X.2002.00282.x PG 6 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 556FW UT WOS:000175839600006 ER PT J AU Burton, WC Plummer, LN Busenberg, E Lindsey, BD Gburek, WJ AF Burton, WC Plummer, LN Busenberg, E Lindsey, BD Gburek, WJ TI Influence of fracture anisotropy on ground water ages and chemistry, Valley and Ridge province, Pennsylvania SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID DATING YOUNG GROUNDWATER; SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; HYDROLOGIC TRACERS; NEW-JERSEY; AQUIFER; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; TRANSPORT; RECHARGE; TRITIUM; HE-3 AB Model ground water ages based on chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and tritium/helium-3 (H-3/He-3) data were obtained from two arrays of nested piezometers located on the north limb of an anticline in fractured sedimentary rocks in the Valley and Ridge geologic province of Pennsylvania. The fracture geometry of the gently east plunging fold is very regular and consists predominately of south dipping to subhorizontal to north dipping bedding-plane parting and east striking, steeply dipping axial-plane spaced cleavage. In the area of the piezometer arrays, which trend north-south on the north limb of the fold, north dipping bedding-plane parting is a more dominant fracture set than is steeply south dipping axial-plane cleavage. The dating of ground water from the piezometer arrays reveals that ground water traveling along paths parallel to the dip direction of bedding-plane parting has younger H-3/He-3 and CFC model ages, or a greater component of young water, than does ground water traveling along paths opposite to the dip direction. In predominantly unmixed samples there is a strong positive correlation between age of the young fraction of water and dissolved sodium concentration. The travel times inferred from the model ages are significantly longer than those previously calculated by a ground water flow model, which assumed isotropically fractured layers parallel to topography. A revised model factors in the directional anisotropy to produce longer travel times. Ground water travel times in the watershed therefore appear to be more influenced by anisotropic fracture geometry than previously realized. This could have significant implications for ground water models in other areas underlain by similarly tilted or folded sedimentary rock, such as elsewhere in the Valley and Ridge or the early Mesozoic basins. C1 US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. US Geol Survey, New Cumberland, PA 17070 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Burton, WC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS 926A Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. OI Plummer, L. Niel/0000-0002-4020-1013 NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 3 BP 242 EP 257 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02652.x PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 549PY UT WOS:000175454500008 PM 12019639 ER PT J AU Chopping, MJ Rango, A Ritchie, JC AF Chopping, MJ Rango, A Ritchie, JC TI Improved semi-arid community type differentiation with the NOAA AVHRR via exploitation of the directional signal SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE desert regions; environmental factors; geometric modelling; image classification; optical reflection; optical scattering; remote sensing; satellite applications; vegetation mapping ID REFLECTANCE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; DATA SET; SATELLITE IMAGERY; NEW-MEXICO; LAND; VEGETATION; SURFACE; COVER; RETRIEVAL AB Mapping semi-arid vegetation types at the community level is extremely difficult for optical sensors with large ground footprints such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). Attempts to use solar wavelength AVHRR data in community type differentiation have often resulted in unacceptable classification errors which are usually attributed to noise from topographic and soil background variations, inaccurate reflectance retrieval and poor registration. One source of variation which is rarely accounted for adequately is the directional signal resulting from the combined effects of the surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) and the variation of viewing and illumination geometry as a function of scan angle, season, latitude and orbital overpass time. In this study, a linear semiempirical kernel-driven (LiSK) BRDF model is used to examine the utility of the directional signal in community and cover type differentiation over discontinuous but statistically homogeneous semi-arid canopies in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR), China, and New Mexico (NM), USA. This research shows that the directional signal resulting from the physical structure of the canopy-soil complex can be retrieved to provide information which is highly complementary to that obtained in the spectral domain. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. USDA ARS, Hydrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chopping, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM mchoppin@nmsu.edu NR 80 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2002 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1132 EP 1149 AR PII S0196-2892(02)05141-0 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2002.1010900 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 566QB UT WOS:000176438800014 ER PT J AU Banuelos, GS Bryla, DR Cook, CG AF Banuelos, GS Bryla, DR Cook, CG TI Vegetative production of kenaf and canola under irrigation in central California SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE kenaf; canola; irrigation; vegetative growth; evapotranspiration ID GROWTH; YIELD; ENVIRONMENT; QUALITY; MUSTARD; STRESS AB Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) and canola (Brassica napus L.) are potential alternative crops for forage production and phytoremediation adaptable to irrigated agriculture in central California. However, little information is available on the water requirements for growing these crops under irrigated conditions, particularly with regard to increasing their vegetative growth. A 3-year field study was undertaken to evaluate kenaf (cultivars: 7-N, Everglades-41, Tainung-2 and breeding lines: C-531, C-533) and one variety of canola (Westar) for potential cultivation. Kenaf was grown as a spring crop and canola was grown as a fall crop. Plants were irrigated at five different levels, ranging from 368 to 1413 mm for kenaf and from 62 to 359 mm for canola per growing season. For kenaf, shoot and root dry matter (DM) production increased as irrigation was increased incrementally from 25 to 125% crop evapotranspiration (Etc); water application at 150% Etc had no increased benefit. Bark:core ratio of the various kenaf cultivars, however, was unaffected by the level of irrigation. For canola, shoot DM and leaf:stem ratio increased with irrigation up to 125% Et, whereas root DM did not differ significantly among irrigation treatments. Kenaf produced at least twice as much biomass as canola and both crops produced maximum vegetative yields at 100-125% Et-c in central California. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Syngenta Seeds Inc, Victoria, TX 77905 USA. RP USDA ARS, Water Management Res Lab, 9611 S Riverbend, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. EM gbanuelos@fresno.ars.usda.gov NR 34 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 EI 1872-633X J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 237 EP 245 AR PII S0926-6690(01)00119-4 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(01)00119-4 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 537DN UT WOS:000174743100008 ER PT J AU Adhvaryu, A Erhan, SZ AF Adhvaryu, A Erhan, SZ TI Epoxidized soybean oil as a potential source of high-temperature lubricants SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE vegetable oils; epoxidized soybean oil; oxidation; lubricants; boundary lubrication AB Development and application of biocompatible lubricants are increasing daily as a result of stringent regulations imposed on mineral oil-based lubricants with their non-biodegradable toxic wastes. Before consumer acceptance of vegetable oil-based lubricants, they must overcome certain poor performance characteristics such as thermal and oxidative instabilities. This work demonstrates the improved performance of epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) over soybean oil (SBO) and genetically modified high oleic soybean oil (HOSBO) in certain high temperature lubricant application. We validated the thermal and deposit forming tendencies of these oils using micro-oxidation and differential scanning caloritnetry in conjunction with identification of oxidized products by infrared spectroscopy and also discussed the function of a phenolic antioxidant in these oils. Boundary lubrication properties under high load and low speed were determined and the variations explained based on the structural differences of these vegetable oils. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ St Peoria, USDA, NCAUR, ARS,Food & Ind Oil Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Erhan, SZ (reprint author), Univ St Peoria, USDA, NCAUR, ARS,Food & Ind Oil Res, 1815 N, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 13 TC 173 Z9 203 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 247 EP 254 AR PII S0926-6690(01)00120-0 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(01)00120-0 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 537DN UT WOS:000174743100009 ER PT J AU Dean-Nystrom, EA Gansheroff, LJ Mills, M Moon, HW O'Brien, AD AF Dean-Nystrom, EA Gansheroff, LJ Mills, M Moon, HW O'Brien, AD TI Vaccination of pregnant dams with Intimin(O157) protects suckling piglets from Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infection SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; REQUIRES INTIMIN; HEP-2 CELLS; PROTEINS; DISEASE; LESIONS; CALVES; MODEL AB Cattle are important reservoirs of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:117 that cause disease in humans. Both dairy and beef cattle are asymptornatically and sporadically infected with EHEC. Our long-term goal is to develop an effective vaccine to prevent cattle from becoming infected and transmitting EHEC O157:H7 to humans. We used passive immunization of neonatal piglets (as a surrogate model) to determine if antibodies against EHEC O157 adhesin (intimin(O157)) inhibit EHEC colonization. Pregnant swine (dams) with serum anti-intimin titers of less than or equal to100 were vaccinated twice with purified intimin(O157) or sham-vaccinated with sterile buffer. Intimin(O157)-specific antibody titers in colostrum and serum of dams were increased after parenteral vaccination with intimin(O157). Neonatal piglets were allowed to suckle vaccinated or sham-vaccinated dams for up to 8 h before they were inoculated with 10(6) CFU of a Shiga toxin-negative (for humane reasons) strain of EHEC O157:H7. Piglets were necropsied at 2 to 10 days after inoculation, and intestinal samples were collected for determination of bacteriological counts and histopathological analysis. Piglets that ingested colostrum containing intimin(O157)-specific antibodies from vaccinated dams, but not those nursing sham-vaccinated dams, were protected from EHEC O157:H7 colonization and intestinal damage. These results establish intimin(O157) as a viable candidate for an EHEC O157:117 antitransmission vaccine. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Dean-Nystrom, EA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Pre Harvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA. OI O'Brien, Alison/0000-0002-1315-3204 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI020148, R37 AI020148, AI20148-18]; PHS HHS [R01A141328] NR 26 TC 76 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 70 IS 5 BP 2414 EP 2418 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.5.2414-2418.2002 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 543NH UT WOS:000175107700023 PM 11953378 ER PT J AU Zhu, YC Muthukrishnan, S Kramer, KJ AF Zhu, YC Muthukrishnan, S Kramer, KJ TI cDNA sequences and mRNA levels of two hexamerin storage proteins PinSP1 and PinSP2 from the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Indianmeal moth; Plodia interpunctella; insect; larval storage protein; cDNA; mRNA; expression; development; stored-product pest; hexamerins ID FEMALE-SPECIFIC PROTEIN; MANDUCA-SEXTA; JUVENILE-HORMONE; TOBACCO HORNWORM; ARTHROPOD HEMOCYANINS; GALLERIA-MELLONELLA; EVOLUTION; EXPRESSION; HEMOLYMPH; GENE AB In insects, storage proteins or hexamerins accumulate apparently to serve as sources of amino acids during metamorphosis and reproduction. Two storage protein-like cDNAs obtained from a cDNA library prepared from fourth instar larvae of the Indianmeal moth (Plodia interpunctella) were cloned and sequenced. The first clone, PinSP1, contained 2431 nucleotides with a 2295 nucleotide open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein with 765 amino acid residues. The second cDNA, PinSP2, consisted of 2336 nuelcotides with a 2250-nucleotide ORF encoding a protein with 750 amino acid residues. PinSP1 and PinSP2 shared 5917,c, nucleotide sequence identity and 44% deduced amino acid sequence identity. A 17-amino acid signal peptide and a molecular mass of 90.4 kDa were predicted for the PinSP1 protein, whereas a 15-amino acid signal peptide and a mass of 88 kDa were predicted for PinSP2. Both proteins contained conserved insect larval storage protein signature sequence patterns and were 60-70% identical to other lepidopteran larval storage proteins. Expression of mRNA for both larval storage proteins was determined using the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method. Only very low levels were present in the second instar, but both mRNAs dramatically increased during the third instar, peaked in the fourth instar, decreased dramatically late in the same instar and pupal stages, and were undetectable during the adult stage, Males and females exhibited similar mRNA expression levels for both storage proteins during the pupal and adult stages. The results support the hypothesis that P. interpunctella, a species that does not feed after the larval stage, accumulates these two storage proteins as reserves during larval development for subsequent use in the pupal and adult Stages. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66596 USA. USDA ARS, Jamie Whitten Delta States Res Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Kramer, KJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 32 IS 5 BP 525 EP 536 AR PII S0965-1748(01)00131-X DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(01)00131-X PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 545XM UT WOS:000175242900005 PM 11891129 ER PT J AU Loseva, O Ibrahim, M Candas, M Koller, CN Bauer, LS Bulla, LA AF Loseva, O Ibrahim, M Candas, M Koller, CN Bauer, LS Bulla, LA TI Changes in protease activity and Cry3Aa toxin binding in the Colorado potato beetle: implications for insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Colorado potato beetle; Bacillus thuringiensis; Cry3Aa; protease; resistance ID BRUSH-BORDER MEMBRANE; VAR SAN-DIEGO; DELTA-ENDOTOXIN; HELIOTHIS-VIRESCENS; INNATE IMMUNITY; MANDUCA-SEXTA; MIDGUT CELLS; PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA; DIAMONDBACK MOTH; CRYSTAL PROTEINS AB Widespread commercial use of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins to control pest insects has increased the likelihood for development of insect resistance to this entomopathogen. In this study, we investigated protease activity profiles and toxin-binding capacities in the midgut of a strain of Colorado potato beetle (CPB) that has developed resistance to the Cry3Aa toxin of B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis. Histological examination revealed that the structural integrity of the midgut tissue in the toxin-resistant (R) insect was retained whereas the same tissue was devastated by toxin action in the susceptible (S) strain. Function-based activity profiling using zymographic gels showed specific proteolytic bands present in midgut extracts and brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) of the R strain not apparent in the S strain. Aminopeptidase activity associated with insect midgut was higher in the R strain than in the S strain. Enzymatic processing of toxin did not differ in either strain and, apparently, is not a factor in resistance. BBMV from the R strain bound similar to60% less toxin than BBMV from the S strain, whereas the kinetics of toxin saturation of BBMV was 30 times less in the R strain than in the S strain. However, homologous competition inhibition binding of I-125-Cry3Aa to BBMV did not reveal any differences in binding affinity (K(d)similar to0.1 muM) between the S and R strains. The results indicate that resistance by the CPB to the Cry3Aa toxin correlates with specific alterations in protease activity in the midgut as well as with decreased toxin binding. We believe that these features reflect adaptive responses that render the insect refractory to toxin action, making this insect an ideal model to study host innate responses and adaptive changes brought on by bacterial toxin interaction. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Ctr Biotechnol & Bioinformat, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, Ctr Integrated Plant Syst, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NCRS, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Bulla, LA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Ctr Biotechnol & Bioinformat, POB 830688,FO3-1, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. EM bulla@utdallas.edu RI Candas, Mehmet/B-7814-2009 NR 67 TC 38 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 EI 1879-0240 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 32 IS 5 BP 567 EP 577 AR PII S0965-1748(01)00137-0 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(01)00137-0 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 545XM UT WOS:000175242900009 PM 11891133 ER PT J AU Jenkins, M Baszler, T Bjorkman, C Schares, G Williams, D AF Jenkins, M Baszler, T Bjorkman, C Schares, G Williams, D TI Diagnosis and seroepidemiology of Neospora caninum-associated bovine abortion SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the Australian-Society-for-Parasitology/8th International Coccidiosis Conference CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL PALM COVE, AUSTRALIA SP Australian Soc Parasitol DE neosporosis; abortion; molecular detection; serological assay ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY TEST; DAIRY-CATTLE; SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; SERUM ANTIBODY; AGGLUTINATION-TEST; SP INFECTION AB A round table was conducted at the VIIIth International Coccidiosis Conference on Neospora diagnosis with particular emphasis on strategies to diagnose bovine abortion. The strength and weakness of different assays for Neospora caninum infection and whether these methods have resulted in the overdiagnosis of neosporosis was discussed. It was evident that each diagnostic method, namely histology, immunohistochemistry, molecular detection and serological assays were, under certain circumstances, valuable in assessing the role N. caninum in abortion. Histological, immunohistochemical and molecular detection assays are of outstanding importance for the examination of tissues of aborted foetuses. While histology and immunohistochemistry allow direct assessment of pathomorphological changes caused by infection, molecular detection assays such as PCR are superior because of higher sensitivity and specificity in identifying N. caninum in foetal tissues. Serological tests, such as ELISA, are useful in determining whether an animal has been infected with N. caninum. Seroepidemiological approaches allow one to assess an abortion problem at a herd level and when used in conjunction with certain statistical methods are able to confirm a suspected N. caninum-associated abortion. (C) 2002 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Ruminant Med & Vet Epidemiol, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Fed Res Ctr Virus Dis Anim, Inst Epidemiol Diagnost, D-16868 Wusterhausen, Germany. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. RP Jenkins, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 75 TC 53 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 32 IS 5 BP 631 EP 636 AR PII S0020-7519(01)00363-0 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00363-0 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 548QC UT WOS:000175399200015 PM 11943234 ER PT J AU Peleg, K Anderson, GL AF Peleg, K Anderson, GL TI FFT regression and cross-noise reduction for comparing images in remote sensing SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION INDEXES; WAVELET TRANSFORM; LANDSAT TM; CALIBRATION; RANGELANDS; BIOMASS AB In many remote sensing studies it is desired to quantify the functional relationship between images of a given target that were acquired by different sensors. Such comparisons are problematic because when the pixel values of one image are plotted versus the other, the 'cross-noise' is quite high. Typically, the correlation coefficient is quite low, even when the compared images look alike. Nevertheless, we can try to quantify the functional relationship between two images by a suitable regression model function Y=f ( X), while choosing one of them as 'the reference' Y and using the other one as a 'predictor' X. The underlying assumption of classical regression is that Y is absolutely correct while X is erroneous. Thus, the objective is to fit X to Y by choosing the parameters of (Y) over cap = f (X), which minimize the 'residuals' ((Y) over cap -Y). When comparing images in remote sensing this objective is not valid because Y itself is error prone. The alternative FFT regression method presented herein comprises a two-stage sensor fusion approach, whereby the initially low correlation between X and Y is increased and the residuals are dramatically decreased. First, pairwise image transforms are applied to X and Y whereby the correlation coefficient is increased, e. g. from roughly 0.4 to about 0.8-0.85. A predicted image Y fft is then derived by least squares minimization between the amplitude matrices of X and Y, via the 2D FFT. In the second stage, there are two options: For one time predictions, the phase matrix of Y is combined with the amplitude matrix of Y fft, whereby an improved predicted image Y plock is formed. Usually, the residuals of Y plock versus Y are about half of the values of Y fft versus Y. For long term predictions, the phase matrix of a "field mask' is combined with the amplitude matrices of the reference image Y and the predicted image Y fft. The field mask is a binary image of a pre-selected region of interest in X and Y. The resultant images Y pref and Y pred are modified versions of Y and Y fft respectively. The residuals of Y pred versus Y pref are even lower than the residuals of Y plock versus Y. Images Y pref and Y pred represent a close consensus of two independent imaging methods which view the same target. The practical utility of FFT regression is demonstrated by examples wherein remotely sensed NDVI images X are used for predicting yield distributions in agricultural fields. Reference yield maps Y were derived by yield monitors which measure the flow rate of the crop while it is being harvested. The 2D FFT transforms, as well as other mathematical operations in this paper were performed in the 'MATLAB' environment. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Agr Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. ARS, USDA, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. RP Peleg, K (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Agr Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 23 IS 10 BP 2097 EP 2124 DI 10.1080/01431160110075910 PG 28 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 547DA UT WOS:000175316700008 ER PT J AU Dien, BS Bothast, RJ Nichols, NN Cotta, MA AF Dien, BS Bothast, RJ Nichols, NN Cotta, MA TI The US corn ethanol industry: An overview of current technology and future prospects SO INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FIBER; SACCHARIFICATION; GERM; PRETREATMENT; TEMPERATURE; HYDROLYSIS; RECOVERY; ENZYMES AB Last year, 1.77 billion gallons of fuel ethanol were produced in the U.S., over 90% of which was produced from corn. Ethanol demand is expected to more than double in the next several years as it is used to replace the fuel oxygenate, methyl tertiarybutyl ether (MTBE). Corn is prepared for ethanol fermentation by either wet milling or dry grinding. Most newly constructed ethanol plants use dry grinding because of its lower capital costs. However, corn wet millers have also expanded production by adding on to existing plants. Current technology allows for 2.5 (wet milled) to 2.7 (dry grind) gal of ethanol per bushel of corn. An opportunity exists for increasing this yield by also converting the fibrous components of the corn kernel (i.e. pericarp and germ) to ethanol. Fermenting these nonstarch fractions could increase the yield from a bushel of corn by a maximum of 10%. In this brief review, the economic and technical aspects of ethanol production will be explored as well as future prospects for increasing ethanol yield from corn by fermenting the non-starch fractions. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dien, BS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 36 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU INT SUGAR JOURNAL LTD PI KENT PA 80 CALVERLEY, TUNBRIDGE WELLS, KENT TN1 2UN, WALES SN 0020-8841 J9 INT SUGAR J JI Int. Sugar J. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 104 IS 1241 BP 204 EP + PG 7 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 552JZ UT WOS:000175618400011 ER PT J AU Fedorova, L Shang, F Wu, HK Ashrafzadeh, A Laver, NV Taylor, A Fini, ME Olson, PF AF Fedorova, L Shang, F Wu, HK Ashrafzadeh, A Laver, NV Taylor, A Fini, ME Olson, PF TI Down-regulation of two proteins in keratoconus revealed by comparative proteomic analysis of human corneal tissue SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Tufts Univ, New England Eye Ctr, Ctr Vis Res, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 2 MA 3238 BP U893 EP U893 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CG UT WOS:000184606700390 ER PT J AU Nelson, J Bernstein, PS Schmidt, MC Yeum, KJ Askew, EW AF Nelson, J Bernstein, PS Schmidt, MC Yeum, KJ Askew, EW TI Ocular antioxidants from supplementation and diet: comparison and analysis SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Univ Utah, Moran Eye Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Tufts Univ, HNRC Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 1 MA 2541 BP U597 EP U597 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CF UT WOS:000184606602471 ER PT J AU Obin, MS Lee, B Thulin, C Bohm, A Lee, RH Willardson, BM Taylor, A AF Obin, MS Lee, B Thulin, C Bohm, A Lee, RH Willardson, BM Taylor, A TI Phosphorylation-dependent binding of phosducin (Pd) to Transducin(T) beta-gamma blocks T gamma ubiquitination catalyzed by ubiquitin (Ub)-conjugating enzyme (Ubc)H5 SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Boston Biomed Res Inst, Watertown, MA USA. Jules Stein Eye Inst, Sepulveda, CA USA. Greater LA Healthcare Syst, Sepulveda, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 1 MA 1389 BP U311 EP U311 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CF UT WOS:000184606601345 ER PT J AU Shang, F Liu, Q Hobbs, ML Taylor, A AF Shang, F Liu, Q Hobbs, ML Taylor, A TI Lens fibers have a fully functional ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Tufts Univ, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 1 MA 466 BP U93 EP U93 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CF UT WOS:000184606600441 ER PT J AU Taylor, A Jacques, P Hankinson, S Willett, W Rogers, G Moeller, S Lu, M Tung, W AF Taylor, A Jacques, P Hankinson, S Willett, W Rogers, G Moeller, S Lu, M Tung, W TI Risk for progress of early nuclear opacities during 5 years in relation to nutrient intake SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 43 SU 1 MA 939 BP U206 EP U206 PG 1 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 709CF UT WOS:000184606600905 ER PT J AU Ares, A Quesada, JP Boniche, J Yost, RS Molina, E Smyth, J AF Ares, A Quesada, JP Boniche, J Yost, RS Molina, E Smyth, J TI Allometric relationships in Bactris gasipaes for heart-of-palm production agroecosystems in Costa Rica SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS; TREE; STANDS AB Peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) agroecosystems for hearts-of-palm constitute a productive and sustainable land use for the humid tropics. Allometric models allow to predict biomass non-destructively at any time, and subsequently, to determine the span of growth phases, biomass and nutrient pools, and economic yields. The overall goals of this study were to obtain and validate predictive functions of above-ground dry biomass of peach palm shoots, and to relate standing biomass with heart-of-palm yields as well. Towards this purpose, peach palm shoots were harvested and separated into components (foliage, petiole and stem) in the Atlantic region of Costa Rica. Basal diameter (BD) was a more effective predictor of biomass than height to the fork between the spear leaf and the first fully expanded leaf, total height and number of leaves. Regression models explained 70-89% of the variance in component (foliage, petiole and stem) or total shoot biomass. Nonlinear regression, which independently calculates equation coefficients for biomass components and total shoot biomass, was compared with a nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression (NSUR) procedure, which simultaneously fits the component equations that predict leaf, petiole and stem in order to assure biomass additivity. Equation coefficients for NSUR fitted-regressions that also model unequal variances, were substantially different from those for individual regressions; e.g. Biomass(leaf) = 114739 BD1.8042, Residual mean square (RMS) = 69.9 for the individual equation, versus Biomass(leaf) = 6841 BD2.086, RMS = 72.4 for the NSUR fitted-equation. NSUR equations had slightly less precision in estimating biomass than individual equations but consistently less bias. In separate harvests of peach palm plants within four stands ranging in age from 1.9 to 21 years, estimates of component and total above-ground shoot biomass were similar to observed values except for the youngest stand in which biomass was overestimated. In another harvest, yield of heart-of-palm per plant was linearly related to total above-ground biomass in two peach palm stands of age 5 and 9 years. The non-destructive estimation of above-ground biomass from easily measured plant dimensions will permit any-time, less expensive and reasonable precise biomass estimates in peach palm. Biomass data can be incorporated to decision support aids for nutrient management in heart-of-palm agroecosystems and serve other purposes such as for carbon sequestration calculations. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Trop Plant & Soil Sci, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Invest Agron, San Jose, Costa Rica. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Ares, A (reprint author), USDA, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Res Ctr, 6883 S State Highway 23, Boonville, AR 72927 USA. RI Yost, Russell/A-5937-2008 OI Yost, Russell/0000-0002-1573-5822 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0021-8596 J9 J AGR SCI JI J. Agric. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 138 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1017/S0021859602002009 PN 3 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 571YB UT WOS:000176745800007 ER PT J AU Li, C Basarab, J Snelling, WM Benkel, B Murdoch, B Moore, SS AF Li, C Basarab, J Snelling, WM Benkel, B Murdoch, B Moore, SS TI The identification of common haplotypes on bovine chromosome 5 within commercial lines of Bos taurus and their associations with growth traits SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; haplotypes; quantitative traits ID CATTLE; LOCI; POPULATIONS; DESCENT; GENOME; INDIVIDUALS; IDENTITY; CARCASS; MARKER; SHARE AB The cosegregation between a genetic marker and the QTL in a well-designed mapping population is the basis for successful QTL mapping. Linkage disequilibria are, however, also expected among individuals that descended from the same breeding line, and some common haplotypes should carry on and segregate among individuals of the line. These identical by descent haplotypes make it possible to identify and locate the QTL segregating in the line. We report the identification of common haplotypes within commercial lines of Bos taurus and their associations with growth traits. One hundred and seventy six male calves and their 12 sires (9 to 30 male calves of each sire) of the Beefbooster, Inc., M1 line selected for maternal traits over 30 yr were genotyped using 16 microsatellite markers chosen from bovine chromosome 5 for the initial haplotype and growth association analysis. In order to verify the results from the M1 line, another 170 male calves and their 14 sires from the Beefbooster M3 line were genotyped using nine microsatellite markers chosen from bovine chromosome 5. The alleles of each male calf contributed by the sire and by the dam were identified, and haplotypes in the M1 line were established along 93% of bovine chromosome 5. The haplotypes in the M3 line were established along the chosen regions of bovine chromosome 5. Regression analysis detected 10 haplotypes in three chromosomal regions (0 to 30 cM, 55 to 70 cM, and 70 to 80 cM) that showed significant associations with birth weight, preweaning average daily gain, and average daily gain on feed in M1 line and 9 haplotypes associated with the growth traits in the same chromosomal regions in the M3 line at the comparisonwise threshold level. On average, the 19 haplotypes have an effect of 0.68 SD on the growth traits, ranging from 0.41 SD to 1.02 SD The results provide a useful reference for further positional candidate gene research and marker-assisted selection. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutrit Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. AAFRD, Lacombe Res Ctr, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada. USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Lethbridge Res Ctr, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada. RP Moore, SS (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Agr Food & Nutrit Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada. RI Moore, Stephen/F-5285-2013 NR 14 TC 32 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1187 EP 1194 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 545PD UT WOS:000175225500006 PM 12019605 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Shelver, WL AF Smith, DJ Shelver, WL TI Tissue residues of ractopamine and urinary excretion of ractopamine and metabolites in animals treated for 7 days with dietary ractopamine SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; detection; methodology; phenethylamine; residues; sheep ID BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS; ILLEGAL USE; HYDROCHLORIDE; CLENBUTEROL AB Ractopamine HCl is a beta-adrenergic leanness-enhancing agent recently approved for use in swine. Depletion of ractopamine in tissues, and elimination of ractopamine and its metabolites in urine, is of interest for the detection of off-label use. The objectives of this study were to measure the residues of ractopamine in livers and kidneys of cattle (n = 6), sheep (n = 6), and ducks (n = 9) after treatment with dietary ractopamine for seven (sheep, ducks) or eight (cattle) consecutive days and to measure the depletion of ractopamine from urine of cattle and sheep. Two cattle and sheep and three ducks were each slaughtered with withdrawal periods of 0, 3, and 7 d. Urine samples were collected daily from cattle and sheep. Tissue ractopamine concentrations were determined using the regulatory method (FDA approved) for ractopamine in swine tissues. Ractopamine residues in urine samples were measured before and after hydrolysis of conjugates. Analysis was performed with HPLC using fluorescence detection after liquid- (hydrolyzed samples) and(or) solid-phase extraction. No residues were detected in duck tissues. Liver residues in sheep averaged 24.0 and 2.6 ppb after 0- and 3-d withdrawal periods, respectively. Sheep liver residues after a 7-d withdrawal period were less than the limit of quantification (2.5 ppb). Sheep kidney residues were 65.1 and undetectable at 0- and at 3- and 7-d, withdrawal periods, respectively. Cattle liver residues were 9.3, 2.5, and undetectable after 0-, 3-, and 7-d withdrawal periods, respectively; kidney residues were 97.5, 3.4, and undetectable at the same respective withdrawal periods. Concentrations of parent ractopamine in sheep urine were 9.8 +/- 3.3 ppb on withdrawal d 0 and were below the LOQ (5 ppb) beyond the 2-d withdrawal period, After the hydrolysis of conjugates, ractopamine concentrations were 5,272 +/- 1,361 ppb on withdrawal d 0 and 178 +/- 78 ppb on withdrawal d 7. Ractopamine concentrations in cattle urine ranged from 164 +/- 61.7 ng/mL (withdrawal d 0) to below the LOQ (50 ppb) on withdrawal d 4. After the hydrolysis of conjugates in cattle urine, ractopamine concentrations were 4,129 +/- 2,351 ppb (withdrawal d 0) to below the LOQ (withdrawal d 6). These data indicate that after the hydrolysis of conjugates, ractopamine should be detectable in urine of sheep as long as 7 d after the last exposure to ractopamine and as long as 5 d after withdrawal in cattle. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, POB 5674,Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 15 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1240 EP 1249 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 545PD UT WOS:000175225500012 PM 12019611 ER PT J AU Auchtung, TL Baer, DJ Erdman, RA Barao, SM Dahl, GE AF Auchtung, TL Baer, DJ Erdman, RA Barao, SM Dahl, GE TI Relation of growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone to estimation of milk production via deuterium oxide dilution in beef cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE deuterium oxide; milk production; somatoliberin ID BODY-COMPOSITION CHANGES; TRITIATED-WATER; COWS; HEIFERS; KINETICS; YIELD; GAIN AB Current methods of estimating milk production in beef cows can be time-consuming, laborintensive, and subject to high variability. The weighsuckle-weigh (WSW) method requires repeated separation of offspring from their dams. Machine milking requires that animals be acclimated to the equipment prior to the estimation. The objective of Exp. 1 was to validate a deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution method of estimating milk production in cattle. In Exp. 1, Holstein calves (n = 5) averaging 29 +/- 2 d of age and 52.6 +/- 2.5 kg (+/- SE) were used as the model. Blood was collected for baseline D2O measurements followed by an injection of 300 mg D2O/kg BW. Syringes were weighed before and after the injection to gravimetrically determine the dose. Another blood sample was collected after D2O was allowed to equilibrate with body water for 2 h, and on each of the next five consecutive days, prior to feeding. Actual milk intake was measured by disappearance (i.e., amount of milk replacer offered to the calf minus the amount refused). Deuterium oxide in plasma was measured by mass spectrometry and milk intake was computed from the disappearance curve of D2O in blood plasma for each calf. Accumulated milk intake estimated by D2O dilution was highly correlated (y = 0.9x + 0.6; R-2 = 0.99; P < 0.001) with actual milk intake, The objectives of Exp. 2 were to determine whether 1) D2O dilution was comparable to a standard measure of milk production in beef heifers and 2) growth hormone (GH) response to GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) in heifers at weaning is predictive of subsequent milk production. Deuterium oxide dilution and WSW were compared using 14 first-calf Angus heifers and their calves. Deuterium oxide dilution was used to estimate milk production of 40 first-calf Angus heifers that had been challenged with GHRH at weaning. Results indicate that the D2O dilution method is correlated (R-2 = 0.89; p = 0.04) to the WSW estimation of milk production. Growth hormone response to GHRH in weanling heifers is positively related (R-2 = 0.22; P = 0.03) to their subsequent milk production. Deuterium oxide dilution in calves offers an additional approach to the estimation of milk production of the dam in typical beef cattle production settings. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Dahl, GE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Anim Sci Lab 230, MC-630, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Erdman, Richard/F-6195-2010 OI Erdman, Richard/0000-0001-6954-4282 NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1270 EP 1274 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 545PD UT WOS:000175225500015 PM 12019614 ER PT J AU Archibeque, SL Burns, JC Huntington, GB AF Archibeque, SL Burns, JC Huntington, GB TI Nitrogen metabolism of beef steers fed endophyte-free tall fescue hay: Effects of ruminally protected methionine supplementation SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beef cattle; nitrogen metabolism; methionine; festuca ID UREA; SHEEP; AMMONIA; CATTLE; DIETS; DEGRADATION; KINETICS; LEVEL; FEEDS AB Level of nitrogen (N) intake and ruminally protected methionine supplementation were evaluated in eight Angus growing steers (initial BW 253 +/- 21 kg, final BW 296 +/- 21 kg) in a replicated 4 +/- 4 Latin square design. The steers were fed two endophyte-free tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) hays that contained 2.2 (LO) or 2.8 % (HI) of DM as N and were either supplemented or not with ruminally protected methionine (10 g metabolizable methionine/d). Diets were fed to provide adequate energy for 0.5 kg ADG and sufficient protein for maintenance (LO), or protein to support 0.5 kg ADG (HI). Following at least 14 d of adjustment, N balance was measured for 6 d. Isotopic urea was infused ((NN)-N-15-N-15-urea, 0.164 mmol urea N/h) via a jugular catheter for 56 h and urine was collected from 48 to 56 h to measure urea kinetics. Jugular blood was collected during the balance trial, and serum was analyzed for serum urea N (SUN). By design, daily N intake was greater (P < 0.05) for HI (112 g) than for LO (89 g). Compared with LO, steers when fed HI had greater (P < 0.05) daily DMI (4,217 vs 4,151 g), fecal N (34.4 vs 31.2 g), N digested (77.1 vs 57.7 g), urine N (48.3 vs 37.5 g), urine urea N excretion (34.6 vs 24.8 g), and N retained (29.8 vs 21.1 g), When fed HI steers also had higher (P < 0.05) urine urea N concentration (276 vs 219 mM), SUN (8.7 vs 6.7 mM), N digestibility (69.1 vs 64.9 %), percentage of urinary N present as urea (71.5 vs 66.7%, P < 0.053), and rate of urea N production (59.6 vs 49.2 g/d) but lower (P < 0.05) percentage of urea N produced that was returned to the ornithine cycle (15.03 vs 19.2 1%) than when fed LO. Methionine supplementation decreased daily urine N (41.2 vs 44.6 g, P = 0.10) and increased both the amount of N retained daily (27.9 vs 23.7 g, P < 0.089) and the percentage of N digested that was retained (40.4 vs 34.6 %, P < 0.094). In summary, supplemental methionine met a specific dietary limitation by increasing the amount of digested N that was retained by the steers. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Interdepartmental Nutr Program, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Huntington, GB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Box 7621, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 30 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1344 EP 1351 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 545PD UT WOS:000175225500025 PM 12019624 ER PT J AU Anderson, KL Lyman, RL AF Anderson, KL Lyman, RL TI Comparison of microbial receptor assay and liquid chromatography for determination of penicillin G and amoxicillin in milk powder SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID RESIDUE SCREENING-TESTS; ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES; COWS; MASTITIS AB A microbial receptor assay (Charm II Tablet Beta-Lactam Test) and liquid chromatography (LC) were compared for determination of penicillin G (PG) and amoxicillin (AMOX) in reconstituted milk powder. Nonfat dry milk and whole dry milk were reconstituted (10%, w/v) to concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 ppb PG; nonfat dry milk was reconstituted (10%, w/v) to 0, 7.5, 10, and 15 ppb AMOK Reconstituted samples were analyzed blindly by each method. Concentrations determined by both methods demonstrated good agreement. A significant difference between methods (p less than or equal to 0.05) was observed only for 7.5 ppb PG in defatted dry milk. Significant differences were not observed between known concentrations and concentrations determined by the Charm 11 assay for PG or AMOX in defatted dry milk and PG in whole dry milk. Results by LC showed significant differences (p less than or equal to 0.05) between known and measured concentrations at 10 ppb PG in both milks and 0 ppb AMOX in defatted dry milk. These results suggest that both the microbial receptor assay and LC may be useful for determination of PG and AMOX near safe level and tolerance, respectively, in reconstituted milk powder. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Farm Anim Hlth & Resource Management, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Meat Sci Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Anderson, KL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Farm Anim Hlth & Resource Management, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 85 IS 3 BP 546 EP 550 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 560FY UT WOS:000176073100003 PM 12083245 ER PT J AU Sobolev, VS Dorner, JW AF Sobolev, VS Dorner, JW TI Cleanup procedure for determination of aflatoxins in major agricultural commodities by liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; PEANUT BUTTER; COLUMN; DERIVATIZATION; CORN AB A simple, fast, reliable, and inexpensive chemical cleanup procedure was developed for quantitation of aflatoxins in major important agricultural commodities by liquid chromatography (LC). Aflatoxins were extracted from a ground sample with methanol-water (80 + 20, v/v), and after a single cleanup step on a minicolumn packed with basic aluminum oxide, they were quantitated by LC equipped with a C-18 column, photochemical reactor, and fluorescence detector. Water-methanol-1-butanol (1400 + 720 + 25, v/v/v) served as the mobile phase. Recoveries of aflatoxins B-1, B-2, G(1), and G(2) from peanuts spiked at 5.0, 2.5, 7.5, and 2.5 mug/kg were 87.2 +/- 2.3, 82.0 +/- 0.8, 80.0 +/- 1.8, and 80.4 +/- 2.8%, respectively. Similar recoveries, precision, and accuracy were achieved for corn, cottonseed, almonds, Brazil nuts, pistachios, and walnuts. The quantitation limit for aflatoxin B-1 was 1 mug/kg. The minimal cost of the minicolumn allows for substantial savings compared with available commercial aflatoxin cleanup devices. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. RP Sobolev, VS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, 1011 Forrester Dr SE, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. NR 19 TC 50 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 7 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 85 IS 3 BP 642 EP 645 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 560FY UT WOS:000176073100014 PM 12083256 ER PT J AU LaCroix, DE Wolf, WR AF LaCroix, DE Wolf, WR TI Determination of niacin in infant formula by solid-phase extraction/liquid chromatography: Peer-verified method performance-interlaboratory validation SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PRODUCTS; ERROR AB This paper reports the results of the interlaboratory peer validation study of AOAC Peer-Verified Method (PVM) 1:2000 for the determination of niacin in infant formula by solid-phase extraction/liquid chromatography. We have used a Data Quality Objectives (DQO) approach to address not only method variability and robustness but also accuracy of data through the use of an appropriate reference material in conjunction with the interlaboratory validation study. Our DQO included the following: (1) statistical agreement of analytical results and quantitative recovery between 2 collaborating laboratories; (2) the repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) values and the HORRAT (Horwitz ratio) obtained (1.07), which satisfied the criteria of the Horwitz "limits of acceptability" at the analyte level present; (3) validation of lack of interference; and (4) accuracy agreement within assigned values for a certified reference material. National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material (NIST SRM) 1846 Infant Formula, with a certified value of 63.3 +/- 7.6 mug/g for niacin content, was used as a test material for collaborative study and accuracy assessment. Niacin values obtained by the originating laboratory were 59.7 +/- 4.0 mug/g (95% confidence interval [Cl] = 1.4 mug/g with a relative standard deviation [RSD] of 6.7%) and by the peer laboratory were 56.6 +/- 6.6 mug/g (95% Cl = 4.1 mug/g, with an RSD of 11.7%). Statistical evaluation using the means equivalence test showed that nicotinic acid values obtained by the peer laboratory were equivalent to those values obtained by the originating laboratory. Linear calibration curves and quantitative recovery were obtained. Integration of the PVM process with a readily available certified reference material gives the user confidence in the accuracy of the data generated by the method through traceability to the reference material used. C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. US FDA, Bothell, WA 98021 USA. RP Wolf, WR (reprint author), USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM wolf@bhnrc.usda.gov NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 EI 1944-7922 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 85 IS 3 BP 654 EP 664 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 560FY UT WOS:000176073100016 PM 12083258 ER PT J AU Wheeler, M Bennett, B Marks, H AF Wheeler, M Bennett, B Marks, H TI Isolation of light filth from ground oregano and ground marjoram: A modification using isopropanol as a defatting agent: In-house study SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article AB A procedural modification of the AOAC Official Method for extracting light filth from ground oregano and ground marjoram was tested in an intralaboratory study. The modified method specifies isopropanol defatting, 975.49A(a), rather than chloroform-isopropanol defatting, 975.49A(b), followed by direct flotation as directed in AOAC Official Method, 975.49B(b). The modified method provided comparable results in less time while also providing safety, health, and financial benefits. C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, OPPDE, Bethesda, MD 20205 USA. US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Wheeler, M (reprint author), USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, OPPDE, 300 12TH St SW, Bethesda, MD 20205 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 85 IS 3 BP 676 EP 681 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 560FY UT WOS:000176073100018 PM 12083260 ER PT J AU Hochstrasser, T Kroel-Dulay, G Peters, DPC Gosz, JR AF Hochstrasser, T Kroel-Dulay, G Peters, DPC Gosz, JR TI Vegetation and climate characteristics of and and semi-arid grasslands in North America and their biome transition zone SO JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article DE annuals; Chihuahuan desert grasslands; ecotone; perennials; regional analysis; shortgrass steppe; species area curve ID PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; SHORTGRASS STEPPE; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; ECOTONE; DESERT; SCALE; AREA; REGIONALIZATION; PRECIPITATION AB The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship among species richness, functional group composition, and climate for three sites representing the shortgrass steppe, the Chihuahuan desert grasslands and their biome transition zone. We found that perennial species richness increased as the climate became more favorable for plant growth. The biome transition zone was more similar to the Chihuahuan desert grassland site in most climate and vegetation characteristics, partly because of the shorter biogeographic distance between the two sites. This study clarified the ecological position of the biome transition zone site with respect to the adjacent biomes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecosyst Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Ecol & Bot, H-2163 Vacratot, Hungary. USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, NMSU, Las Cruces, NM USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Hochstrasser, T (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. OI Hochstrasser, Tamara/0000-0002-4277-7876 NR 66 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0140-1963 J9 J ARID ENVIRON JI J. Arid. Environ. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 51 IS 1 BP 55 EP 78 DI 10.1006/jare.2001.0929 PG 24 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 569UL UT WOS:000176620600004 ER PT J AU Sullivan, BT AF Sullivan, BT TI Evidence for a sex pheromone in bark beetle parasitoid Roptrocerus xylophagorum SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE parasitoid; sex pheromone; Roptrocerus xylophagorum; Pteromalidae; bark beetle; Scolytidae; cuticular hydrocarbons; semiochemicals ID RETICULATUS WATANABE HYMENOPTERA; GRANDII GOIDANICH HYMENOPTERA; ADOXOPHYES SP LEPIDOPTERA; SMALLER TEA TORTRIX; MATING-BEHAVIOR; CARDIOCHILES-NIGRICEPS; BRACONIDAE; WASP; ICHNEUMONIDAE; PTEROMALIDAE AB Male Roptrocerus xylophagorum (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) exhibited courtship and mating behaviors including wing fanning, antennation, mounting, and copulation attempts when exposed to glass bulb decoys coated with a whole-body extract of females in hexane, acetone, or methanol. Activity of extract-treated decoys declined gradually over one week. Males responded much less strongly to freeze-killed female cadavers extracted with solvents than to unextracted cadavers; treatment of extracted cadavers with female extract restored male responses. The pheromone was found to be equally present over the surface of both the abdomen and head/thorax of females, and the origin of the pheromone could not be conclusively localized to any single body region. The activity of pheromone on females increased between day 1 and days 3-5 following eclosion; otherwise, pheromone activity was not significantly affected by either female age or mating. Males were arrested within the zone of a glass surface on which females had walked, suggesting that the pheromone might be substrate-borne. Recent exposure to females reduced male responsiveness, but responsiveness was fully restored after a few hours of male isolation from females. When hexane extracts of whole females were fractionated on silica gel, the pheromone's activity was largely recovered with the first, most nonpolar fraction. Female extracts and fractions were analyzed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Cuticular hydrocarbon alkanes were identified as the extract components whose concentrations correlated best with male responses. Evidence of the pheromone's long persistence, low volatility, low polarity, and presence over the insect's entire body surface further supported the hypothesis that the pheromone was composed of one or more cuticular hydrocarbons. C1 USDA Forest serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Sullivan, BT (reprint author), USDA Forest serv, So Res Stn, 2500 Shreveport Hwy, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. NR 46 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1045 EP 1063 AR UNSP 0098-0331/02/0500-1045/0 DI 10.1023/A:1015270003717 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554JA UT WOS:000175731000012 PM 12049226 ER PT J AU Shin, HJ Cameron, KT Jacobs, JA Turpin, EA Halvorson, DA Goyal, SM Nagaraja, KV Kumar, MC Lauer, DC Seal, BS Njenga, MK AF Shin, HJ Cameron, KT Jacobs, JA Turpin, EA Halvorson, DA Goyal, SM Nagaraja, KV Kumar, MC Lauer, DC Seal, BS Njenga, MK TI Molecular epidemiology of subgroup C avian pneumoviruses isolated in the United States and comparison with subgroup A and B viruses SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; TURKEY RHINOTRACHEITIS VIRUS; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; GENE ORDER DIFFERENT; MATRIX PROTEIN GENE; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CIRCULATION PATTERNS; MINNESOTA TURKEYS; FUSION PROTEIN AB The avian pneumovirus (APV) outbreak in the United States is concentrated in the north-central region, particularly in Minnesota, where more outbreaks in commercial turkeys occur in the spring (April to May) and autumn (October to December). Comparison of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix (M), fusion (F), and second matrix (M2) genes of 15 U,S. APV strains isolated between 1996 and 1999 revealed between 89 and 94% nucleotide sequence identity and 81 to 95% amino acid sequence identity. In contrast, genes from U.S. viruses had 41 to 77% nucleotide sequence identity and 52 to 78% predicted amino acid sequence identity with European subgroup A or B viruses, confirming that U.S. viruses belonged to a separate subgroup. Of the five proteins analyzed in U.S. viruses, P was the most variable (81% amino acid sequence identity) and N was the most conserved (95% amino acid sequence identity). Phylogenetic comparison of subgroups A, B, and C viruses indicated that A and B viruses were more closely related to each other than either A or B viruses were to C viruses. C1 Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EBO Farms, Atwater Lab, Atwater, MN 56209 USA. Minnesota Board Anim Hlth, Poultry Testing Lab, Willmar, MN 56201 USA. RP Njenga, MK (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, 1971 Commonwealth Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 46 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1687 EP 1693 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.5.1687-1693.2002 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 549DA UT WOS:000175428200020 PM 11980943 ER PT J AU Thornton, CG MacLellan, KA Stabel, JR Carothers, C Whitlock, RH Passen, S AF Thornton, CG MacLellan, KA Stabel, JR Carothers, C Whitlock, RH Passen, S TI Application of the C-18-carboxypropylbetaine specimen processing method to recovery of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis from ruminant tissue specimens SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BOVINE FECAL SPECIMENS; RESPIRATORY SPECIMENS; JOHNES DISEASE; CULTURE; CATTLE; ASSAY; TUBERCULOSIS; CULTIVATION; FECES AB The causative agent of Johne's disease is Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. This is a chronic, debilitating gastrointestinal disorder that affects ruminants and is responsible for significant economic loss. The specimen processing method that combines C-18-carboxypropylbethine (CB-18) treatment and lytic enzyme decontamination has been shown to improve the diagnosis of mycobacterioses. This processing method was applied to the isolation of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis from ruminant tissue samples. The BACTEC 12B liquid culture system was used but was supplemented with 1% egg yolk emulsion, 4 mug of mycobactin J, and 0.5% pyruvate (12B/EMP) for use in conjunction with this method. The final concentration of antibiotics used was 10 mug of vancomycin, 30 mug of amphotericin B, and 20 mug of nalidixic acid (VAN) per ml. A 7H10-based solid medium was also used that included mycobactin J, pyruvate, and VAN but excluded the egg yolk emulsion (7H10/MPV). Several M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates were examined during the evaluation of this processing method. It was observed that treatment with lytic enzymes stimulated the growth of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis; however, the growth of one isolate was markedly inhibited due to the presence of vancomycin. Subsequently, the vancomycin concentration in the VAN formulation was reduced to 2 mug/ml. A blinded panel of 60 previously characterized tissue samples from bovine and bison were then processed and analyzed by smear and culture. Historically, 31 and 37 specimens were classified as positive by histology and culture, respectively. The overall sensitivity and specificity of smear relative to culture following CB-18 processing were 97.6 and 89.5%, respectively. The 12B/EMP/VAN liquid culture system recovered M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis from 39 specimens, whereas 7H10/MPV and Herrold's egg yolk media recovered M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis from 26 and 16 specimens, respectively. The average times to positive were 7.4 +/- 8.3, 29.9 +/- 2.6, and 24 +/- 0 days, respectively. The contamination rates were 4.8, 22.6, and 20.0%, respectively. C1 Quest Diagnost Inc, Integrated Res Technol LLC, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. Anim Res Serv, USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA USA. Univ Penn, New Bolton Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Kennett Sq, PA 19348 USA. RP Thornton, CG (reprint author), Quest Diagnost Inc, Integrated Res Technol LLC, 1901 Sulfur Spring Rd, Baltimore, MD 21227 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 40 IS 5 BP 1783 EP 1790 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.5.1783-1790.2002 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 549DA UT WOS:000175428200037 PM 11980960 ER PT J AU Melendez, P Donovan, A Risco, CA Hall, MB Littell, R Goff, J AF Melendez, P Donovan, A Risco, CA Hall, MB Littell, R Goff, J TI Metabolic responses of transition Holstein cows fed anionic salts and supplemented at calving with calcium and energy SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE blood metabolite; anionic salt; calcium-energy supplement; transition cow ID PERIPARTURIENT DAIRY-COWS; NONESTERIFIED FATTY-ACIDS; MILK FEVER; DISORDERS; DISEASE; BLOOD AB The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of plasma Ca, P, Mg, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), and glucose in transition cows fed anionic salts prepartum and provided with calcium and energy supplements at calving. The study was conducted on a Florida Holstein dairy farm from November to December 1997. Treatments consisted of no treatment (n = 30); 60 g of Ca as calcium chloride, orally (n = 30); 110 g of Ca as calcium propionate 510 g plus 400 g of propylene glycol, orally (n = 30); two doses of 60 g of Ca as calcium chloride, one at calving and the second 24 h later, orally (n = 30); and 10 g of Ca as borogluconate, intravenously (n = 30). Treatments were administered within 12 h after parturition. Blood samples were collected at d 1 (parturition), 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 after calving. Plasma total Ca, P, Mg, NEFA, BHBA, and glucose were measured. There were no differences in the concentrations of the blood metabolites among treatments. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Donovan, A (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. NR 26 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 85 IS 5 BP 1085 EP 1092 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74169-6 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 555GY UT WOS:000175787400008 PM 12086042 ER PT J AU Wu, L Green, RL Liu, G Yates, MV Pacheco, P Gan, J Yates, SR AF Wu, L Green, RL Liu, G Yates, MV Pacheco, P Gan, J Yates, SR TI Partitioning and persistence of trichlorfon and chlorpyrifos in a creeping bentgrass putting green SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN EXPOSURE; TURFGRASS; SOIL; PESTICIDES; RESIDUES; MOVEMENT; THATCH; INSECTICIDES; MOISTURE; MOBILITY AB Golf course putting greens typically receive high pesticide applications to meet high quality demands. Research on pesticide fate in turf ecosystems is important to better understand the potential impact of pesticide use on the environment and human health. This research was conducted to evaluate the environmental fate of two commonly used insecticides-trichlorfon (dimethyl 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethylphosphonate) and chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridylphosphorothioate)-in a creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris finds.) putting green tinder customary field management practices at the University of California-Riverside Turf Research Facility during 1996 and 1997. The two insecticides were chosen because of their difference in water solubility, persistence, adsorption, and vapor pressure. Volatilization, clipping removal, and soil residues of the insecticides were quantified and leaching was monitored using lysimeters installed in putting green plots. Results showed trichlorfon volatilization, clipping removal, and leaching loss was insignificant (in the range of 0.0001-0.06% of applied mass) both in 1996 and 1997. No significant difference in clipping removal of trichlorfon and chlorpyrifos was observed in both years (0.06 and 0.05% of applied mass for trichlorfon and 0.15 and 0.19% of applied mass for chlorpyrifos, respectively, in 1996 and 1997), but significantly lower cumulative leaching and lower soil concentration was observed in 1997 than in 1996. Volatilization loss of chlorpyrifos was not significantly different between 1996 (2.05%) and 1997 (2.71%). Volatilization loss of trichlorfon in 1996 (0.01%) was significantly higher than in 1997 (0.008%). This study demonstrated the fraction of applied insecticides leaving the turf putting greens was minimal. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Mt Hazard & Environm, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, US George Brown Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Wu, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 31 IS 3 BP 889 EP 895 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 550TL UT WOS:000175519300021 PM 12026092 ER PT J AU Fuhrmann, M Lasat, MM Ebbs, SD Kochian, LV Cornish, J AF Fuhrmann, M Lasat, MM Ebbs, SD Kochian, LV Cornish, J TI Uptake of cesium-137 and strontium-90 from contaminated soil by three plant species; application to phytoremediation SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID AQUILINUM L-KUHN; ACCUMULATION AB A field test was conducted to determine the ability of three plant species to extract Cs-137 and Sr-90 from contaminated soil. Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus refroflexus L.), Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.], and tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) were planted in a series of spatially randomized cells in soil that was contaminated in the 1950s and 1960s. We examined the potential for phytoextraction of Sr-90 and Cs-137 by these three species. Concentration ratios (CR) for Cs-137 for redroot pigweed, Indian mustard, and tepary bean were 2.58, 0.46, and 0.17, respectively. For Sr-90 they were substantially higher: 6.5, 8.2, and 15.2, respectively. The greatest accumulation of both radionuclides was obtained with redroot pigweed, even though its CR for Sr-90 was the lowest, because of its relatively large biomass. There was a linear relationship between the Cs-137 concentration in plants and its concentration in soil only for redroot pigweed. Uptake of Sr-90 exhibits no relationship to Sr-90 concentrations in the soil. Estimates of time required for removal of 50% of the two contaminants, assuming two crops of redroot pigweed per year, are 7 yr for Sr-90 and 18 yr for Cs-137. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm & Waste Technol Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. MSE Technol Applicat, Butte, MT USA. RP Fuhrmann, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm & Waste Technol Grp, Bldg 830, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Kochian, Leon/0000-0003-3416-089X; Ebbs, Stephen/0000-0003-4042-9234 NR 22 TC 40 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 31 IS 3 BP 904 EP 909 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 550TL UT WOS:000175519300023 PM 12026094 ER PT J AU Codling, EE Chaney, RL Sherwell, J AF Codling, EE Chaney, RL Sherwell, J TI Poultry litter ash as a potential phosphorus source for agricultural crops SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS; PHOSPHATE ROCK; ACIDIC SOIL; WHEAT LINES; ALUMINUM; COPPER; ZINC; TOLERANCE; MANGANESE; IRON AB Maryland will impose restrictions on poultry litter application to soils with excessive P by the year 2005. Alternative uses for poultry titter are being considered, including burning as a fuel to generate electricity. The resulting ash contains high levels of total P, but the availability for crop uptake has not been reported. Our objective was to compare the effectiveness of poultry litter ash (PLA) and potassium phosphate (KP) as a P source for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in acidic soils, without and with limestone application. Two acidic soils (pit 4.25 and 4.48) were studied, unlimed or limed to pH 6.5 before cropping. The PLA and KP were applied at 0, 39, and 78 kg P ha(-1), after which wheat was grown. Limestone significantly increased wheat yield, but the P sources without limestone did not. The two P sources were not significantly different as P fertilizer. At the 78 kg P ha(-1) rate, wheat shoot-P concentrations were 1.10 and 1.12 g kg(-1) for the PLA treatment compared with 0.90 and 0.89 g kg(-1) for KP in the nonlimed and limed soils, respectively. Trace element concentrations in wheat shoots from the PLA treatment were less than or equal to KP and the control. The low levels of water-soluble P and metals in the soils and the low metal concentrations in wheat suggest that PLA is an effective P fertilizer. Further studies are needed to determine the optimum application rate of PLA as a P fertilizer. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. RP Codling, EE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, BARC W, Bldg 007,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 35 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 31 IS 3 BP 954 EP 961 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 550TL UT WOS:000175519300029 PM 12026100 ER PT J AU Snyder, GS Goodwin, AE Freeman, DW AF Snyder, GS Goodwin, AE Freeman, DW TI Evidence that channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), mortality is not linked to ingestion of the hepatotoxin microcystin-LR SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE channel catfish; cyanobacteria; HCTC; microcystin; toxicosis ID CYPRINUS-CARPIO L; BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; PEPTIDE TOXIN; AERUGINOSA; AMMONIA; IMMERSION; TOXICITY; GAVAGE; TROUT; FISH AB Catfish farms located in the south-eastern USA using brackish (3-5 g NaCl L-1) well water experience sporadic fish kills sometimes with high mortality. An investigation of three catastrophic losses occurring in this region identified no involvement of infectious diseases or traditional water quality problems, including oxygen, ammonia or nitrite. The high mortality and time course of the problem was indicative of exposure to a toxin. Attempts by other workers to explain the cause of this unique syndrome (high chloride associated toxicosis of catfish, HCTC), suggested that the losses might be because of microcystin-producing blooms of Microcystis aeruginosa, but our investigations failed to support this conclusion. We found that (1) the liver histology of catfish experimentally exposed to pure microcystin-LR is very different from that of catfish sampled during outbreaks of HCTC; (2) measurements of microcystin-LR concentrations in the three cases were far lower than the concentration required to kill catfish by experimental immersion; (3) the HCTC toy-in appears to have a short half-life, whereas microcystin-LR does not; (4) experimental gavage of catfish with massive amounts of microcystin-LR does not cause the acute mortality typical of HCTC; (5) outbreaks of HCTC appear to be associated with heavy blooms of Anacystis marina, a halophytic cyanobacteria, not with blooms of M. aeruginosa. C1 Univ Arkansas, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, USDA ARS, Aquaculture Syst Res Unit, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. ARS, USDA, HK Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR USA. RP Goodwin, AE (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Aquaculture Fisheries Ctr, USDA ARS, Aquaculture Syst Res Unit, Mail Slot 4912,1200 N Univ Dr, Pine Bluff, AR 71601 USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 25 IS 5 BP 275 EP 285 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2002.00374.x PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 556ZK UT WOS:000175880600003 ER PT J AU Xu, DH Klesius, PH AF Xu, DH Klesius, PH TI Antibody mediated immune response against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis using excised skin from channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), immune to Ichthyophthirius SO JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES LA English DT Article DE development; Ichthyophthirius; immobilization; immune response; invasion ID CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO; ACQUIRED-IMMUNITY; SERUM; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; MUCUS AB This study investigated antibody mediated immune response against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) by determining whether theronts would retain the potential for reinfection, both in vitro and in vivo, after treatment with the culture fluid of excised skin from channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, immune to Ich. The invasion was reduced significantly (P < 0.05) for theronts treated with the immune culture fluid compared with those treated with the culture fluid from naive fish. The treatment of theronts with the immune culture fluid greatly reduced the size and survival of trophonts compared with those treated with the culture fluid from naive fish. Fewer fish were infected and the infection density was less for fish exposed to theronts treated with immune culture fluid. The infection was severe for fish invaded by theronts treated with the culture fluid from naive fish, with a high number of infected fish and heavy density of trophonts per fish. All fish were infected by Ich when exposed to the theronts treated with the immunoadsorbed culture fluid. In summary, results of this study show that cutaneous antibodies in the culture fluid of excised skin from immune fish significantly reduces theront infectivity by immobilizing or weakening theronts. C1 ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Xu, DH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7775 J9 J FISH DIS JI J. Fish Dis. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 25 IS 5 BP 299 EP 306 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2761.2002.00377.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 556ZK UT WOS:000175880600005 ER PT J AU Wachtel, MR Whitehand, LC Mandrell, RE AF Wachtel, MR Whitehand, LC Mandrell, RE TI "Association of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 with preharvest leaf lettuce upon exposure to contaminated irrigation water," A comment on: J. Food Prot. 65(1): 18-25 (2002) - Response SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Letter C1 ARS, USDA, BARCW, PSI,Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Wachtel, MR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BARCW, PSI,Prod Qual & Safety Lab, 10300 Baltimore Ave,Bldg 002, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 65 IS 5 BP 741 EP 741 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 549FU UT WOS:000175434500004 ER PT J AU Bailey, JS Cox, NA Craven, SE Cosby, DE AF Bailey, JS Cox, NA Craven, SE Cosby, DE TI Serotype tracking of Salmonella through integrated broiler chicken operations SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article AB The widespread presence of Salmonella in all phases of broiler chicken production and processing is well documented. However, little information is available to indicate the identity and movement of specific serotypes of Salmonella through the different phase,, of an integrated operation. In this study. samples were collected from the breeder farm, from the hatchery, from the previous grow-out flock, from the flock during grow-out, and from carcasses after processing. Salmonella were recovered from 6, 98, 24, 60, and 7% of the samples, respectively, in the first trial and from 7, 98, 26, 22, and 36% of the samples, respectively, in the second trial. Seven different serotypes were identified in the first trial, and 12 different serotypes were identified in the second trial. For both trials there was poor correlation between the serotypes found in the breeder farms and those found in the hatchery. This finding and the fact that similar serotypes were found in the hatchery in both trials suggests that there was an endemic population of Salmonella in the hatchery. An association between the serotypes found in the hatchery and those found on the final processed carcasses was observed in both trials. This study confirms that a Successful intervention program for broiler production operations must be multifaceted, with one component being disinfection in the hatchery. C1 ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Bailey, JS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 11 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 65 IS 5 BP 742 EP 745 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 549FU UT WOS:000175434500005 PM 12030282 ER PT J AU Zaika, LL AF Zaika, LL TI The effect of NaCl on survival of Shigella flexneri in broth as affected by temperature and pH SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 87th Annual Meeting of the International-Association-for-Food-Protection CY AUG 06-09, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Int Assoc Food Protect ID SODIUM-CHLORIDE; GROWTH; MODEL AB Shigella, a major foodborne pathogen, survives well in salt-containing environments. However. systematic data are scarce. We studied the behavior of Shigella flexneri 5348 in brain heart infusion broth (pH 4 to 6) containing 0.5 to 8% NaCl. Stationary-phase cells were inoculated into sterile media at initial concentrations of 6 to 7 log(10) CFU/ml and incubated at 12 to 37degreesC. Bacterial population sizes were determined periodically by plate Counts. Survivor curves were derived from plate count data by using a two-phase linear model to determine lag times and slopes of the curves, from which decimal reduction times (D-values) and times to a 4-log(10) inactivation (T-4D) were calculated. In media of pH 6, the bacteria grew in the presence of less than or equal to6% NaCl at 19 and 37degreesC and in the presence of less than or equal to7% NaCl at 28degreesC. In media of pH 5, growth was observed in the presence of less than or equal to2, less than or equal to4, less than or equal to4, and 0.5% NaCl at 37, 28, 19, and 12degreesC, respectively. Growth did not occur and bacterial populations gradually declined in media of pH 4. While NaCl had a major effect oil growth, bacterial survival was affected to a lesser extent, Lag times decreased with increasing NaCl levels; however, the effect on D-values and T-4D values was less pronounced. The average T-4D values for media of pH 4 containing 0.5 to 6% NaCl were 4, 13, 23, and 61 days at 37, 28, 19, and 12degreesC, respectively. These results show that S. flexneri is salt tolerant and suggest that salty foods may serve as vehicles for infection with this bacterium. C1 ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Zaika, LL (reprint author), ARS, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 65 IS 5 BP 774 EP 779 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 549FU UT WOS:000175434500010 PM 12030287 ER PT J AU Wesley, IV Harmon, KN Dickson, JS Schwartz, AR AF Wesley, IV Harmon, KN Dickson, JS Schwartz, AR TI Application of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for the simultaneous confirmation of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria species in turkey sample surveillance SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC LISTERIOSIS; POULTRY PRODUCTS; PCR; FOOD; SPP.; AMPLIFICATION; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE AB A multiplex polymerase chain reaction was developed to simultaneously identify Listeria monocytogenes and species of the genus Listeria. Two sets of primers were used, with the first amplifying a 938-bp region of the 16S rRNA gene that is highly conserved in all Listeria species and the second amplifying a 174-bp region of the listeriolysin (hlyA) gene of L. monocytogenes. Thus, isolates of Listeria spp. yield a single 938-bp product, whereas L. monocytogenes isolates yield both the 938-bp product and a 174-bp product. The specificity of the assay was verified with all six Listeria species and 11 serotypes of L. monocytogenes, as well as nonrelated bacteria. The multiplex PCR assay was used to determine the incidence of Listeria spp.. especially L. monocytogenes, in mechanically separated turkey samples (n = 150 samples). L. monocytogenes strains were selected by using the University of Vermont two-step enrichment protocol and plating to selective Palcam agar. The multiplex PCR assay was used for verification of presumptive Listeria colonies. Approximately 38% or mechanic ally separated turkey samples (57 of 150) yielded L. monocytogenes an additional 18% of these samples (27 of 150) harbored other Listeria spp. Fifty-one percent (29 of 57) of the L. monocytogenes isolates were of serogroup 1. 44% (25 of 57) were of serogroup 4, arid 2% (1 of 57) were assigned to serogroups other than 1 and 4. C1 ARS, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Food Safety Net Serv Ltd, San Antonio, TX 78216 USA. RP Wesley, IV (reprint author), ARS, Preharvest Food Safety & Enter Dis Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 41 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 65 IS 5 BP 780 EP 785 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 549FU UT WOS:000175434500011 PM 12030288 ER PT J AU Fett, WF AF Fett, WF TI Reduction of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and Salmonella spp. on laboratory-inoculated Mung bean seed by chlorine treatment SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID ALFALFA SEEDS; CHEMICAL TREATMENTS; KILLING SALMONELLA; ACID; TYPHIMURIUM; EFFICACY; SPROUTS AB Three U.S. outbreaks of foodborne illness due to consumption of contaminated raw mung bean sprouts occurred in the past 2 years and were caused by Salmonella Enteritidis. The original source of the pathogens is thought to have been the seed. The aim of this study was to determine whether treatment with aqueous chlorine would eliminate the pathogens from mung bean seed inoculated in the laboratory with four-strain cocktails of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. Treatments (for 5, 10, or 15 min) with buffered (500 mM potassium phosphate, pH 6.8) or unbuffered solutions containing 0.3 or 3.0% (wt/vol) Ca(OCl)(2) were tested. In order to mimic common commercial practice, seed was rinsed before and after treatment with sterile tap water. Treatment for 15 min with buffer (500 mM potassium phosphate, pH 6.8) or sterile water in combination with the seed rinses resulted in maximum reductions of approximately 3 log(10) CFU/g. The largest reductions (4 to 5 log(10) CFU/g) for the chlorine treatments in combination with the rinses were obtained after treatment with buffered 3.0% (wt/vol) Ca(OCl)(2) for 15 min. Treatment of mung bean seed for 15 min with unbuffered or buffered 3.0% (wt/vol) Ca(OCl)(2) did not adversely affect germination. Even though treatments with 3% (wt/vol) Ca(OCl)(2) in combination with the water rinses were effective in greatly reducing the populations of both bacterial pathogens. these treatments did not result in the elimination of the pathogens from laboratory-inoculated seed. C1 ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19083 USA. RP Fett, WF (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19083 USA. NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 65 IS 5 BP 848 EP 852 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 549FU UT WOS:000175434500022 PM 12030299 ER PT J AU Drake, SR Gix, RD AF Drake, SR Gix, RD TI Quality of 'Anjou' pears from variable oxygen and high carbon dioxide controlled atmosphere storage SO JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY LA English DT Article AB Loss of 'Anjou' pear quality after 90 days of storage (60 days at 1.5% O-2 and < 1.0 % CO2, then 30 days at 4 % O-2) was apparent in this study. Distinct color changes from green to yellow in the peel and a more yellow flesh, coupled with a loss of firmness, for 'Anjou' pears even after only a short period (30 days) in elevated O-2 was evident. Use of elevated CO2 (3%), in CA storage, resulted in a greener peel and firmer pears with less change in flesh color, and superior stem condition after 150, or 210, days of storage compared with pears from 1.5% O-2 and < 1 % CO2. After controlled atmosphere and an addition 30 days of storage in regular atmosphere, quality differences in 'Anjou' pears from the different atmospheres (1.5 % O-2 and < 1.0 % CO2; variable O-2. 1.5 % O-2 and 3.0% CO2) was even more manifest. Pears in elevated O-2, displayed reduced firmness, finish and stem condition and enhanced shrivel. Pears in 3.0% CO2, compared favorably in all quality considerations with pears from a normal (1.5% O-2 and <1.0% CO2) atmosphere. No pithy brown core was evident in 'Anjou' pears regardless of storage atmosphere. C1 ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Drake, SR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU FOOD NUTRITION PRESS INC PI TRUMBULL PA 6527 MAIN ST, P O BOX 374, TRUMBULL, CT 06611 USA SN 0146-9428 J9 J FOOD QUALITY JI J. Food Qual. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 25 IS 2 BP 155 EP 164 DI 10.1111/j.1745-4557.2002.tb01015.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 560EW UT WOS:000176070600005 ER PT J AU Garzon, GA Wrolstad, RE AF Garzon, GA Wrolstad, RE TI Comparison of the stability of pelargonidin-based Anthocyanins in strawberry juice and concentrate SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE anthocyanin; pigment; strawberry juice; strawberry concentrate; ascorbic acid; color stability ID BASIC PEROXIDASE ISOENZYME; RED RASPBERRY JUICE; ASCORBIC-ACID; MOLD CONTAMINATION; COLOR STABILITY; APPEARANCE; WINE; DEGRADATION; OXIDATION; STORAGE AB Strawberries were processed into juice (8degrees Brix) and concentrate (65degrees Brix) and different lots were fortified with pelargonidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-sophoroside, and acylated pelargonidin 3-sophoroside 5-glucoside. Changes in pigment concentration, color (CIE L*a*b*) and ascorbic acid content were monitored during storage at 25 degreesC. Anthocyanin and ascorbic acid degradations followed 1(st) order reaction kinetics. Fortification increased the half-life of the pigments from 3.5 to 5 d in concentrate and from 5 to 12 d in juice. The half-life of ascorbic acid was 2 d in juice samples and ranged from 3 to 10 d in concentrate samples. Both systems showed changes in chroma and hue angle, but maintained L* values. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat, ARS, Peoria, IL USA. RP Wrolstad, RE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 45 TC 103 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 20 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 67 IS 4 BP 1288 EP 1299 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb10277.x PG 12 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 566HV UT WOS:000176422000002 ER PT J AU Luck, PJ Lanier, TC Daubert, CR Kwanyuen, P AF Luck, PJ Lanier, TC Daubert, CR Kwanyuen, P TI Viscoelastic behavior of commercially processed soy isolate pastes during heating and cooling SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soy isolate; small deformation rheology; Rousse theory; Prolina; frequency sweep ID PROTEIN GELATION; WHEY-PROTEIN; GELS; DISPERSIONS AB The viscoelastic properties of soy isolate dispersions of Prolina and Brim cultivars, commercially processed, were compared during heating and cooling utilizing small deformation rheology. All isolates formed gels upon hydration. Heating to 90 degreesC yielded less rigid gels, as evidenced by a decreasing G'. Holding at 90 degreesC induced an increase in G' for Brim isolate, possibly as a result of increased hydrophobic and/or covalent bonding. Cooling to 25 degreesC generated a G' increase above initial levels for both cultivars, likely due to enhanced intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Mechanical spectra at 25 degreesC before and after heating, and at 90degreesC before and after holding, confirmed these observations. A lower G' was consistently exhibited by Prolina gels throughout testing. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Lanier, TC (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 67 IS 4 BP 1379 EP 1382 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb10293.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 566HV UT WOS:000176422000018 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Brambila, GY Lyon, BG Huang, YW Santiago, JRF Lyon, CE Gates, KW AF Sanchez-Brambila, GY Lyon, BG Huang, YW Santiago, JRF Lyon, CE Gates, KW TI Sensory and texture quality of canned whelk (Astraea undosa) subjected to tenderizing treatments SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE whelk; papain; hardness; chewiness; shear force ID BATILLUS-CORNUTUS MUSCLE AB Whelk (Astraea undosa), treated with 0.25% papain solution infused by tumbling for 5, 10, or 20 min before canning, was compared to commercial abalone (standard) and untreated canned whelk (control) for sensory and texture characteristics. Treated whelk samples showed changes in sweetness and bitterness. Opercular muscle treated with papain for 10 or 20 min had lower sensory hardness, springiness and chewiness than untreated canned whelk. Instrumental texture analysis (TPA) indicated opercular muscle with 20 min papain treatment had lower hardness and chewiness compared to untreated whelk. Thus, papain treatment demonstrated the feasibility of improvement of canned whelk eating quality by reducing hardness and chewiness. C1 ARS, USDA, RRC, Athens, GA 30604 USA. CIAD, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico. Univ Georgia, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. CSL, Cooperat Calif San Ignacio, Bahia Asuncion, Baja California, Mexico. Univ Georgia, Marine Extens Serv, Brunswick, GA 31522 USA. RP Lyon, BG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, RRC, POB 677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 6 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 67 IS 4 BP 1559 EP 1563 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb10322.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 566HV UT WOS:000176422000047 ER PT J AU Karaca, M Saha, S Jenkins, JN Zipf, A Kohel, R Stelly, DM AF Karaca, M Saha, S Jenkins, JN Zipf, A Kohel, R Stelly, DM TI Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to the Ligon lintless (Li-1) mutant in cotton SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article C1 Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Akdeniz Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Field Crops, TR-07759 Antalya, Turkey. Alabama A&M Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Normal, AL 35762 USA. USDA ARS, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Saha, S (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, USDA ARS, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RI Karaca, Mehmet/C-2683-2009; OI Karaca, Mehmet/0000-0003-3219-9109; Stelly, David/0000-0002-3468-4119 NR 17 TC 49 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 93 IS 3 BP 221 EP 224 DI 10.1093/jhered/93.3.221 PG 4 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 589DL UT WOS:000177742800014 PM 12195042 ER PT J AU Robacker, DC Fraser, I AF Robacker, DC Fraser, I TI Attraction of Mexican fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) to grapefruit: Enhancement by mechanical wounding of and experience with grapefruit SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Anastrepha ludens; fruit fly; grapefruit; attraction; oviposition; experience ID APPLE MAGGOT FLIES; RHAGOLETIS-POMONELLA; HOST FRUIT; CERATITIS-CAPITATA; LABORATORY-STRAIN; SITE SELECTION; FLY DIPTERA; OVIPOSITION; BEHAVIOR; ODOR AB Wild strain, mated, female Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), with no prior experience with fruit (naive), were not attracted to grapefruit, a preferred cultivated host, in wind tunnel experiments. Naive, mated laboratory strain females were attracted. Prior experience with grapefruit increased attraction of both laboratory and wild strains. More females were attracted to fruit with peel damage than to undamaged fruit, indicating that fruit odor mediated attraction. More naive than experienced females attempted to oviposit on the sides of the wind tunnel. Experienced laboratory males, but not wild males or naive males, were attracted to grapefruit. Attraction and oviposition behavior of laboratory flies was greater than that of wild flies. C1 ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza SARC, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Robacker, DC (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Kika de la Garza SARC, 2413 E Highway 83,Bldg 200, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 399 EP 413 AR UNSP 0892-7553/02/0500-0399/0 DI 10.1023/A:1016221326978 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 572ZR UT WOS:000176805300007 ER PT J AU Campbell, JF AF Campbell, JF TI Influence of seed size on exploitation by the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE oviposition; superparasitism; wheat; Triticum aestivum; stored products; seed parasite; rice weevil; Sitophilus; Curculionidae ID CALLOSOBRUCHUS-MACULATUS F; CLUTCH SIZE; PIC COLEOPTERA; OVIPOSITION; CURCULIONIDAE; BRUCHIDAE; HOST; DISCRIMINATION; BEETLE; MAIZE AB Oviposition decisions and their fitness consequences for the seed parasite Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were investigated. Female S. oryzae lay eggs inside seeds such as wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.)]. Because larvae develop to adult within a single seed, the resources available are determined by the behavior of the female parent and characteristics of the seed in which the egg was deposited. Females were demonstrated to lay more eggs in kernels greater than or equal to20 mg. Females initiated the chewing of oviposition holes in shriveled kernels but were less likely to oviposit in them. Progeny size increased with increasing seed size, but the probability of an adult emerging was not affected. Females accepted large kernels more quickly than small kernels and this contributed to increased oviposition in large kernels. The increase in the number of eggs per kernel appears to result from an increase in number of visits resulting in oviposition rather than an increase in the number of eggs laid during a visit. C1 ARS, USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Campbell, JF (reprint author), ARS, USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM campbell@usgmrl.ksu.edu RI Campbell, James/J-9901-2012 NR 49 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 EI 1572-8889 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 15 IS 3 BP 429 EP 445 AR UNSP 0892-7553/02/0500-0429/0 DI 10.1023/A:1016225427886 PG 17 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 572ZR UT WOS:000176805300009 ER PT J AU Lacey, LA Vail, PV Hoffman, DF AF Lacey, LA Vail, PV Hoffman, DF TI Comparative activity of baculoviruses against the codling moth Cydia pomonella and three other tortricid pests of tree fruit SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cydia pomonella; Choristoneura rosaceana; Pandemis pyrusana; Grapholitha molesta; codling moth granulovirus; nucleopolyhedrovirus; baculovirus ID NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; ANAGRAPHA-FALCIFERA LEPIDOPTERA; GRANULOSIS-VIRUS; RECOMBINANT BACULOVIRUSES; CELERY LOOPER; NOCTUIDAE; INFECTIVITY; INSECTICIDES; TIME AB The granulovirus of Cydia pomonella (L.) (CpGV) offers potential for selective control of codling moth. Two major limitations of CpGV are its narrow host range and lack of persistence in the orchard agroecosystem. The nucleopolyhedroviruses of the alfalfa looper Autographa californica (Speyer) (AcMNPV) and those of the celery looper Anagrapha falcifera (Kirby) (AfMNPV) have broad host ranges. Comparative assays of CpGV, AcMNPV, and AfMNPV against codling moth neonate larvae revealed a 54-93-fold greater susceptibility of codling moth to the granulovirus than to the two nucleopolyhedroviruses based on the LC50 values for each virus. The LC(50)s for CpGV, AfMNPV, and AcMNPV were 32.7 capsules/mm(2), 1.77 x 10(3) occlusion bodies (OBs)/mm(2), and 3.05 x 10(3) OBs/mm, respectively. The LT50 determined for AfMNPV using an approximate LC95 of the virus against neonate larvae was 3.6 days. Histological examination of tissues in moribund codling moth larvae that had been treated with AfMNPV revealed the presence of nonoccluded and unenveloped virus rods in midgut tissue. Neither OBs nor signs of infection were detected in other tissues. The activity of AfMNPV was also evaluated in three other tortricid apple pests (obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris); Pandemis leafroller, Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott; and the oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck)). Codling and Oriental fruit moths were significantly more susceptible to AfMNPV than were the two leafroller species. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, USDA, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RP Lacey, LA (reprint author), ARS, Yakima Agr Res Lab, USDA, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 31 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 80 IS 1 BP 64 EP 68 AR PII S0022-2011(02)00036-8 DI 10.1016/S0022-2011(02)00036-8 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 597ZN UT WOS:000178250800010 PM 12234544 ER PT J AU Lewis, LC Bruck, DJ Gunnarson, RD AF Lewis, LC Bruck, DJ Gunnarson, RD TI Measures of Bacillus thuringiensis persistence in the corn whorl SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESIDUAL ACTIVITY C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lewis, LC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Insectary Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 80 IS 1 BP 69 EP 71 AR PII S0022-2011(02)00041-1 DI 10.1016/S0022-2011(02)00041-1 PG 3 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 597ZN UT WOS:000178250800011 PM 12234545 ER PT J AU Green, JS Knowlton, FF Pitt, WC AF Green, JS Knowlton, FF Pitt, WC TI Reproduction in captive wild-caught coyotes (Canis latrans) SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE Canis latrans; captive; coyote; placental scars; reproduction; senescence; serial productivity ID MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS; DOMESTIC SHEEP; POPULATION; PREDATION AB We assessed reproductive patterns of coyotes (Cams latrans) from a 12-year data set involving 24 pairs of captive animals acquired from Latah County, Idaho. None of the females had placental scars (fetal implantation sites) at 1 year of age, but over 80% had placental scars by 2 years of age. The fraction with placental scars remained at 80-90% through age 9 years and then declined to <40% by age 12 years. Similarly, mean number of placental scars per female rose rapidly through 2-3 years of age, remained stable until age 8 years, and then progressively declined to a very low level by age 12 years. Numbers of pups observed were typically smaller than numbers of placental scars, with fewer placental scars represented by pups among younger females than older females. C1 Utah State Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Wildlife Serv, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Knowlton, FF (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Wildlife Serv, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 83 IS 2 BP 501 EP 506 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0501:RICWCC>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 556UC UT WOS:000175866500017 ER PT J AU Bram, RA George, JE Reichard, RE Tabachnick, WJ AF Bram, RA George, JE Reichard, RE Tabachnick, WJ TI Threat of foreign arthropod-borne pathogens to livestock in the United States SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arthropod-borne pathogens; foreign animal disease introductions; disease eradication ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; SIMULIUM-VITTATUM DIPTERA; COWDRIA-RUMINANTIUM; AMBLYOMMA-VARIEGATUM; NEW-JERSEY; CULICOIDES-VARIIPENNIS; MOSQUITO SURVEILLANCE; VECTOR COMPETENCE; GENUS AMBLYOMMA AB There are many exotic animal pathogens throughout the world that, if introduced into the United States, could have a significant detrimental impact on the health of livestock, agricultural economy, the environment, and public health. Many of these pathogens are arthropod-borne and potential vectors are readily available in the United States. A number of these arthropod-borne pathogens are discussed here as examples that illustrate the potential risk and the consequences of inadvertent introductions. Several International agencies have a role in global surveillance and in controlling animal diseases should they begin to expand their range. The risk to the United States is considerable. We propose that the United States invest in the improved infrastructure needed to reduce the risk of foreign arthropod-borne pathogens. Current U.S. programs focus on the exclusion of pathogens through regulation of animal movements and products, surveillance, especially trained animal disease diagnosticians, research support, international cooperation and, should pathogens enter our country, the resources for their prompt eradication. We suggest that the United States needs to develop a comprehensive, updated strategic plan to assess all aspects of current and future requirements, objectives, and resources needed to protect its national interests. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Midwest Livestock Insects Res Lab, Lincoln, NE USA. Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, USDA ARS, Kerrville, TX 78028 USA. Off Int Epizooties, Paris, France. RP Tabachnick, WJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Med Entomol Lab, 200 9th St SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. NR 68 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 39 IS 3 BP 405 EP 416 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-39.3.405 PG 12 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 600BZ UT WOS:000178371900002 PM 12061432 ER PT J AU Perez-Mendoza, J Dowell, FE Broce, AB Throne, JE Wirtz, RA Xie, F Fabrick, JA Baker, JE AF Perez-Mendoza, J Dowell, FE Broce, AB Throne, JE Wirtz, RA Xie, F Fabrick, JA Baker, JE TI Chronological age-grading of house flies by using near-infrared spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Musca autumnalis; Musca domestica; Stomoxys calcitrans; age-grading; near-infrared spectroscopy; pteridine ID MUSCA-AUTUMNALIS DIPTERA; CALCITRANS L DIPTERA; FLY DIPTERA; PTERIDINE ACCUMULATION; OVARIAN DEVELOPMENT; WHEAT KERNELS; ADULT MALE; MUSCIDAE; DOMESTICA; INSECTS AB The sensitivity and accuracy of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was compared with that of the pteridine fluorescence technique for estimating the chronological age of house flies, Musca domestica (L.). Although results with both techniques were significantly correlated with fly age, confidence limits on predicted ages generally were smaller with NIRS. Young flies could be readily differentiated from old flies by using NIRS. Age predictions using the pteridine method are dependent upon size, sex, and temperature at which adult flies are exposed. In contrast, those factors do not need to be determined for age-grading using NIRS. Classification accuracy using the NIRS method was similar for whole flies, fresh heads, dried heads, and ethanol-preserved heads. The NIRS method was also suitable for predicting age of stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), and face flies, Musca autumnalis De Geer. NIRS has several advantages over the measurement of pteridine levels for age-grading field-collected flies, including speed and portability of instrumentation, and not needing to determine sex, size, and temperatures to which adult flies were exposed. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Perez-Mendoza, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 30 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 39 IS 3 BP 499 EP 508 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-39.3.499 PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 600BZ UT WOS:000178371900017 PM 12061447 ER PT J AU Lukaski, HC Nielsen, FH AF Lukaski, HC Nielsen, FH TI Dietary magnesium depletion affects metabolic responses during submaximal exercise in postmenopausal women SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE cellular magnesium; magnesium retention; oxygen uptake; heart rate; humans ID SUPPLEMENTATION; PERFORMANCE; DEFICIENCY; CALCIUM; INSULIN; COPPER; SERUM; ZINC; IRON AB Magnesium is an essential mineral that is required for optimal biological function including energy metabolism. Although national nutritional surveys indicate that usual magnesium intakes do not meet recommendations, particularly among older women, diet-induced magnesium depletion is considered rare among humans without concurrent illness. We examined the effects of dietary magnesium restriction on biochemical measures of magnesium nutriture and physiologic responses during submaximal exercise in 10 postmenopausal women, 45-71 y old, not receiving hormone replacement therapy. The women consumed diets containing conventional foods with varying magnesium content totaling 112 mg/8.4 MJ (2000 kcal) supplemented with 200 mg magnesium daily for 35d (control), then 112 mg/8.4 MJ for 93d (depletion) followed by 112 mg/8.4 MJ supplemented with 200 mg magnesium/d for 49d (repletion) in a depletion-repletion experiment. RBC magnesium concentration (P < 0.05), magnesium retention (P < 0.05) and skeletal muscle magnesium concentration (P < 0.05) decreased when dietary magnesium was restricted. Peak oxygen uptake, total and cumulative net oxygen uptake determined by using indirect calorimetry and peak heart rate increased (P < 0.05) during standardized submaximal work with restricted compared with adequate dietary magnesium. These findings indicate that dietary magnesium depletion can be induced in otherwise healthy women; it results in increased energy needs and adversely affects cardiovascular function during submaximal work. This may also explain previous observations of increased energy cost during standardized exercise in physically active men and women considered to have reduced magnesium nutriture. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Lukaski, HC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 44 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 132 IS 5 BP 930 EP 935 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 550DQ UT WOS:000175488700010 PM 11983816 ER PT J AU Davis, CD Johnson, WT AF Davis, CD Johnson, WT TI Dietary copper affects azoxymethane-induced intestinal tumor formation and protein kinase C isozyme protein and mRNA expression in colon of rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE colon cancer; protein kinase C; copper; rats ID ABERRANT CRYPT FOCI; SEQUENTIAL-ANALYSIS; CELL-PROLIFERATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; DOWN-REGULATION; CACO-2 CELLS; RISK-FACTORS; BETA-II; CANCER; CARCINOGENESIS AB Previous studies have show that changes in protein kinase C (PKC) isoform expression may be related to increased susceptibility of copper-deficient rats to aberrant crypt formation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dietary copper would affect azoxymethane-induced intestinal tumor formation and PKC isozyme expression in normal colonic mucosa and tumor samples. Eighty weanling Fischer-344 rats were randomly assigned to diets that contained either 0.8 or 5.3 mug Cu/g diet. After 24 and 31 d of diet consumption, 30 rats/diet were administered azoxymethane (15 mg/kg i.p.) and 10 rats/diet were administered saline. Rats continued to consume their respective diets for an additional 38 wk. Rats injected with azoxymethane and fed the low copper diet had a significantly (P < 0.0001) greater small intestinal and total tumor incidence compared with rats fed adequate dietary copper. However, dietary copper did not affect colon tumor incidence, Low dietary copper significantly (P < 0.004) decreased PKC alpha protein expression in normal but not in tumor tissue. In contrast, low dietary copper did not affect PKC delta or zeta protein expression in either the normal or tumor tissue. PKC alpha and delta protein and mRNA expression were lower in tumor tissue than in normal tissue. These results along with previous observations suggest that dietary copper-mediated changes in PKC alpha, delta and zeta protein expression are not as important for colon tumor promotion/progression as they are for tumor initiation. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Davis, CD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 132 IS 5 BP 1018 EP 1025 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 550DQ UT WOS:000175488700025 PM 11983831 ER PT J AU Shi, HL Vigneau-Callahan, KE Shestopalov, AI Millbury, PE Matson, WR Kristal, BS AF Shi, HL Vigneau-Callahan, KE Shestopalov, AI Millbury, PE Matson, WR Kristal, BS TI Characterization of diet-dependent metabolic serotypes: Proof of principle in female and male rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2001 Annual Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 04, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Soc Nutr Sci DE dietary restriction; serum metabolite; HPLC; multivariate analysis; biomarker; rats ID AGE-RELATED DISEASE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; KYNURENIC ACID; FISCHER RATS; RESTRICTION; LONGEVITY; WEIGHT AB Our research seeks to identify a serum profile, or serotype, that reflects substantial changes in food intake. Earlier studies demonstrated that a number of low-molecular-weight, redox-active compounds of metabolome were sufficiently stable analytically and biologically to identify biomarkers of dietary restriction (DR, restriction of total food intake) in rats. A second initial requirement is to demonstrate feasibility, i.e., that concentration changes in selected serum metabolites can contain sufficient information to classify rats by diet. The current study distinguished 101 (female) and 112 (male) chromatographically identifiable compounds that differ between ad libitum (AL) consumption and DR 6-mo-old rats. In a cohort of female rats, both hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analyses (PCA) could distinguish dietary groups with 100% efficiency (101 metabolites). Repeating the classification studies using the 63 biologically and analytically most robust metabolites decreased noise without affecting categorical separation. In a cohort of male rats, PCA, but not HCA, distinguished the original dietary groups with 100% accuracy (112 metabolites). A subset of 52 of the 112 metabolites enabled both HCA and PCA to group the male rats with 100% accuracy. These data demonstrate that quantitative analysis of selected serum metabolites can yield sufficient information by which to classify the dietary intake of a group of rats, identify such markers chromatographically and set the stage for validation of these metabolic serotypes in independent datasets. C1 Burke Med Res Inst, Dementia Res Serv, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. ESA Inc, Chelmsford, MA 01824 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer US Dept Agr, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem, New York, NY 10021 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Med, Dept Neurosci, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Kristal, BS (reprint author), Burke Med Res Inst, Dementia Res Serv, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [R01 AG 15354] NR 33 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 132 IS 5 BP 1031 EP 1038 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 550DQ UT WOS:000175488700027 PM 11983833 ER PT J AU Shi, HL Vigneau-Callahan, KE Shestopalov, AI Milbury, PE Matson, WR Kristal, BS AF Shi, HL Vigneau-Callahan, KE Shestopalov, AI Milbury, PE Matson, WR Kristal, BS TI Characterization of diet-dependent metabolic serotypes: Primary validation of male and female serotypes in independent cohorts of rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2001 Annual Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 04, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Soc Nutr Sci DE dietary restriction; HPLC; serum metabolite; multivariate; biomarker; rats ID AGE-RELATED DISEASE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; KYNURENIC ACID; FISCHER RATS; LONGEVITY; RESTRICTION; WEIGHT AB Our research seeks to identify serum profiles, or serotypes, that reflect substantial changes in food intake in both male and female rats. This report validates previously defined subsets of redox-active low-molecular-weight metabolites using independent cohorts of ad libitum consumption (AL) and energy or dietary restricted (DR) 6-mo-old male and female rats. In the male study, both hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) distinguished the dietary groups of origin in the second male cohort with >85% accuracy using 56 analytically and biologically valid metabolites. Further analysis revealed that 29 metabolites (nine previously unidentified metabolites + 20 chosen from the 56 metabolites) enabled HCA to distinguish dietary groups at 100% efficacy. In the female study, the 63 previously identified serum metabolites were sufficiently robust to enable classification of the dietary intake of two female cohorts (cohorts 2 and 3) that were independent of the cohort on which these markers were initially identified (cohort 1). Classification accuracy was 94 and 100% using HCA and PCA, respectively, in the female cohort 2. HCA and PCA revealed that the 63-metabolite profile distinguished AL and DR samples at 91 and 100% accuracy in the female cohort 3, establishing the 63-metabolite dataset as our baseline profile. These studies used independent cohorts to validate and potentially improve upon previously defined metabolic serotype in male and female rats and set the stage for pattern recognition-based approaches to establish metabolome-based categorical separations. C1 Burke Med Res Inst, Dementia Res Serv, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. ESA Inc, Chelmsford, MA 01824 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Med, Dept Biochem, New York, NY 10021 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Med, Dept Neurosci, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Kristal, BS (reprint author), Burke Med Res Inst, Dementia Res Serv, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 132 IS 5 BP 1039 EP 1046 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 550DQ UT WOS:000175488700028 PM 11983834 ER PT J AU Guthrie, JF Lin, BH Frazao, E AF Guthrie, JF Lin, BH Frazao, E TI Role of food prepared away from home in the American diet, 1977-78 versus 1994-96: Changes and consequences SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE diet assessment; eating behavior; food consumption trends ID UNITED-STATES; WOMEN; CHOICES; ENERGY AB Objective: To examine changes, between 1977-78 and 199496, in the quantity and quality of food Americans consumed that was prepared at home versus away from home. Design: Data were obtained from nationwide surveys of food consumption conducted by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) in 1977-78 and 1994-96. To maximize comparability we used "day 1" dietary data, which both surveys collected via 24-hour recall. Subjects/Settings: Individuals 2 years of age and over were selected. USDA sampling weights were used to generate nationally representative estimates. Variables Measured: We categorized foods by preparation at home or at restaurants, fast-food establishments, schools/day care, and other non-home locations. We assessed percent calories from total fat and saturated fat, and the cholesterol, sodium, fiber, calcium, and iron densities of foods prepared at home versus those prepared away from home. Statistical Analyses: T tests were calculated using accepted procedures to adjust for survey design effects. Results: Between 1977-78 and 1994-96, consumption of food prepared away From home increased from 18% to 32% of total calories. Meals and snacks based on food prepared away from home contained more calories per eating occasion, and "away" food was higher in total fat and saturated fat on a per-calorie basis than at-home food. "Away" food contained less dietary fiber, calcium, and iron on a per-calorie basis. Among adults but not children, food prepared away from home was more sodium and cholesterol dense. Implications: When developing intervention messages and strategies, nutrition educators need to be aware of the increasing role of "away" food in Americans' diets. C1 ERS, USDA, FANRP, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Guthrie, JF (reprint author), ERS, USDA, FANRP, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 44 TC 422 Z9 434 U1 3 U2 40 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1499-4046 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 34 IS 3 BP 140 EP 150 DI 10.1016/S1499-4046(06)60083-3 PG 11 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 556DP UT WOS:000175834300004 PM 12047838 ER PT J AU Youdim, KA McDonald, J Kalt, W Joseph, JA AF Youdim, KA McDonald, J Kalt, W Joseph, JA TI Potential role of dietary flavonoids in reducing microvascular endothelium vulnerability to oxidative and inflammatory insults SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE endothelial cells; polyphenolics; free radicals; oxidative stress; blueberry; cranberry ID NF-KAPPA-B; RED WINE; CYANIDIN 3-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; VASCULAR-DISEASE; NITRIC-OXIDE; CACO-2 CELLS; TNF-ALPHA; RATS; STRESS AB Although antioxidant systems help control the level of reactive oxygen species they may be overwhelmed during periods of oxidative stress. Evidence suggests that oxidative stress components as well as inflammatory mediators may be involved in the pathogenesis of vascular disorders, where localized markers of oxidative damage have been found. In this regard we investigated the putative antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of blueberry and cranberry anthocyanins and hydroxycinnamic acids against H2O2 and TNFalpha induced damage to human microvascular endothelial cells. Polyphenols from both berries were able to localize into endothelial cells subsequently reducing endothelial cells vulnerability to increased oxidative stress at both the membrane and cytosol level. Furthermore. berry polyphenols also reduced TNFalpha induced up-regulation of various inflammatory mediators (IL-8, MCP-1 and ICAM-1) involved in the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of damage or inflammation along the endothelium. In conclusion, polyphenols isolated from both blueberry and cranberry were able to afford protection to endothelial cells against stressor induced up-regulation of oxidative and inflammatory insults. This may have beneficial actions against the initiation and development of vascular diseases and be a contributing factor in the reduction of age-related deficits in neurological impairments previously reported by us. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Atlantic Food & Hort Res Ctr, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada. RP Youdim, KA (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 38 TC 172 Z9 181 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 13 IS 5 BP 282 EP 288 AR PII S0955-2863(01)00221-2 DI 10.1016/S0955-2863(01)00221-2 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 556RL UT WOS:000175862700004 ER PT J AU Shang, F Gong, X Egtesadi, S Meydani, M Smith, D Perrone, G Scott, L Blumberg, JB Taylor, A AF Shang, F Gong, X Egtesadi, S Meydani, M Smith, D Perrone, G Scott, L Blumberg, JB Taylor, A TI Vitamin C prevents hyperbaric oxygen-induced growth retardation and lipid peroxidation and attenuates the oxidation-induced up-regulation of glutathione in guinea pigs SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ascorbate; glutathione; lipid peroxidation; hyperbaric oxygen; vitamin E ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ASCORBATE INTAKE; DNA-DAMAGE; LIVER; ACID; ANTIOXIDANTS; INDUCTION; TISSUES; SUPPLEMENTATION; TOCOPHEROL AB Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is used to treat various clinical conditions, but it also causes oxidative damage. The objectives of this study are to determine if increased vitamin C intake can prevent hyperbaric oxygen-induced damage and to determine interactions among vitamin C, glutathione and vitamin E in response to oxidative stress. The growth rates of unexposed guinea pigs fed 1.25 mg vitamin C/day were indistinguishable from that of guinea pigs fed 50 mg vitamin C/day. In contrast, hyperbaric oxygen exposure resulted in growth retardation in guinea pigs fed 1.25 mg vitamin C/day, but it had little effect on the growth rates of guinea pigs fed 50 mg vitamin C/day. Increased vitamin C intake also prevented hyperbaric oxygen-induced lipid peroxidation in the liver. In guinea pigs not exposed to hyperbaric oxygen, levels of vitamin C in tissues were closely related to vitamin C intake, but tissue levels of glutathione and vitamin E were not related to vitamin C intake. However, interactions between vitamin C and glutathione were observed upon chronic hyperbaric oxygen exposure. Chronic hyperbaric oxygen exposure resulted in >2-fold increases in the levels of glutathione in liver and lung of guinea pigs fed 1.25 mg vitamin C/day. In comparison, the oxidation-induced increases in glutathione were significantly attenuated in guinea pigs fed 50 mg vitamin C/day. These data show that increased intake of vitamin C can prevent or alleviate the hyperbaric oxygen-induced damage. The interactions between vitamin C and glutathione upon hyperbaric oxygen exposure indicate that there is a homeostatic regulation of antioxidant capacity in guinea pig tissues. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Numan Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Shang, F (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Numan Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 53 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 13 IS 5 BP 307 EP 313 AR PII S0955-2863(02)00173-0 DI 10.1016/S0955-2863(02)00173-0 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 556RL UT WOS:000175862700008 ER PT J AU Emmerich, WE Heitschmidt, RK AF Emmerich, WE Heitschmidt, RK TI Drought and grazing: II. Effects on runoff and water quality SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE erosion; sediment yield; nutrient transport; great plains ID VEGETATION; SEASON; COVER AB Understanding the interacting effects of drought and grazing on runoff, erosion, and nutrient transport is essential for improved rangeland management. Research was conducted at the Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory located near Miles City, Mont. using 12, non-weighing lysimeters for 3 years. During years I and 3, no drought treatment was imposed. For year 2, one half of the lysimeters were covered to implement a drought treatment. The 3 grazing treatments were ungrazed, grazed during but not after drought, and grazed during and after drought. Runoff, sediment yield, and an array of nutrients in the runoff water were measured from the lysimeters. First year base line data with no grazing or drought treatments applied indicated no significant differences among lysimeters. Below normal precipitation occurred during year 2, resulting in no runoff from the drought treatment and negated the "nondrought" control. This prevented a direct assessment of the interaction among the drought and grazing treatments for this year. The drought treatment did produce significant reductions in water, sediment, and nutrient yield. No grazing impact was observed during year 2. The third year with more normal precipitation, there was a trend toward increased runoff, sediment, and nutrient yield from the second year drought treatment lysimeters. In the third year, both grazing treatments showed significantly greater runoff, sediment, and nutrient yield than the ungrazed treatment. Runoff and sediment yield tended to increase from the combination of drought and grazing treatments. The observed increases in runoff and sediment and reduced water quality from the drought and grazing treatments were measured against controls and when compared to the natural variability and water quality standards, they were concluded to be minimal. C1 USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. USDA ARS, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. RP Emmerich, WE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 55 IS 3 BP 229 EP 234 DI 10.2307/4003128 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554UQ UT WOS:000175755900004 ER PT J AU Ralphs, MH AF Ralphs, MH TI Ecological relationships between poisonous plants and rangeland condition: A review SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE poisonous plants; rangeland condition; larkspur; Delphinium spp.; locoweed; Astragalus spp.; Oxytropis spp.; lupine; Lupinus spp.; death camas; Zigadenus spp. ID COLUMBIA MILKVETCH; CATTLE AB In the past, excessive numbers of livestock on western U.S. rangelands, reoccurring droughts, and lack of management resulted in retrogression of plant communities. Poisonous plants and other less palatable species increased with declining range condition and livestock were forced to eat these poisonous species because of a shortage of desirable forage, resulting in large, catastrophic losses. The level of management on most western rangelands has improved during the last 60 years, resulting in marked improvement in range condition; yet losses to poisonous plants still occur, though not as large and catastrophic as in the past. Some poisonous species are major components of the pristine, pre-European plant communities [tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi Huth), Veratrum ealifornicum Durand, water hemlock (Cicuta douglasii (DC.)Coult. & Rose), bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn), chokecherry (Prunus virginiana L.), Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson), and various oak species (Quercus spp.)]. Although populations of many poisonous sera] increaser species have declined with better management, they are still components of plant communities and fluctuate with changing precipitation patterns [locoweed (Astragalus and Oxytropis spp.), lupine (Lupinus spp.), death camas (Zigadenus spp.), snakeweed (Gutierrezia spp.), threadleaf groundsel (Senecio longolobis Benth.), low larkspur (Delphinium nuttallianum Pritz.), timber milkvetch (Astragalus miser Dougl. ex Hook.), redstem peavine (A. emoryanus (Rydb.) Cory), western bitterweed (Hymenoxys odorata D.C.), orange sneezeweed (Helenium hoopesii Gray), twin leaf senna (Cassia roemeriana Schelle), and white snakeroot (Eupatorium rugosum Houtt)]. Many of the alien invader species are poisonous: [Halogeton glomeratus (Bieb.) C.A. Mey, St. Johnswort (Hypericum perforatum L.), poison hemlock (Conium maculatum L.), tansy, ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.), hounds tongue (Cynoglossum officinale L.), leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.), yellow star thistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) and other knapweeds (Centaurea spp.)]. Poisoning occurs when livestock consume these plants because they are either relatively more palatable than the associated forage, or from management mistakes of running short of desirable forage. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Ralphs, MH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 27 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 55 IS 3 BP 285 EP 290 DI 10.2307/4003136 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554UQ UT WOS:000175755900012 ER PT J AU Pfister, JA Provenza, FD Panter, KE Stegelmeier, BL Launchbaugh, KL AF Pfister, JA Provenza, FD Panter, KE Stegelmeier, BL Launchbaugh, KL TI Risk management to reduce livestock losses from toxic plants SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Review DE grazing management; diet selection; poisonous plants ID TALL LARKSPUR DELPHINIUM; PINE NEEDLE ABORTION; DIET SELECTION; PONDEROSA PINE; POSTINGESTIVE FEEDBACK; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; SENECIO-RIDDELLII; POISONOUS PLANTS; LITHIUM-CHLORIDE; FOOD AVERSIONS AB Risk of livestock losses to poisonous plants can be reduced on many ranges through prudent management based on application of existing knowledge. Poisonous plants can be categorized using both acceptability to livestock and a plant's toxic potential. Acceptability encompasses forage qualities such as taste and chemistry (i.e., nutrient and toxin concentrations) and postingestive feedback from an animal's daily and long-term (e.g., body condition) nutritional and toxicological state. Toxic potential reflects aspects of plant chemistry, including seasonal or other changes in concentration or functionality of the toxin(s), and type of toxicity (i.e., acute or chronic). Persistent livestock losses to poisonous plants may indicate that ranges are over-grazed or improperly managed. Aggressive management schemes that employ high stocking rates and grazing intensities may yield greater returns, but may also increase risk if poisonous plants are present. Plants may be ranked according to toxicity and acceptability. Six interrelated categories of plants are discussed: 1) always toxic and acceptable to livestock; 2) always toxic and not acceptable; 3) always toxic and acceptable at certain times; 4) toxic only at certain times and acceptable to livestock; 5) toxic at certain times and unacceptable; and 6) toxic at certain times and acceptable at certain times. Each category involves differing risk and uncertainty. Within this management matrix, strategies for dealing with specific poisonous plants can be customized depending on how much and when the plant is eaten by livestock, and when the plant is most toxic. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Rangeland Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Pfister, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 135 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 55 IS 3 BP 291 EP 300 DI 10.2307/4003137 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554UQ UT WOS:000175755900013 ER PT J AU Panter, KE James, LF Gardner, DR Ralphs, MH Pfister, JA Stegelmeier, BL Lee, ST AF Panter, KE James, LF Gardner, DR Ralphs, MH Pfister, JA Stegelmeier, BL Lee, ST TI Reproductive losses to poisonous plants: Influence of management strategies SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE poisonous plants; lupine; locoweed; ponderosa pine; reproduction; management ID LOCOWEED ASTRAGALUS-LENTIGINOSUS; PINE NEEDLE ABORTION; CROOKED CALF DISEASE; PONDEROSA PINE; LUPINUS-ARGENTEUS; ISOCUPRESSIC ACID; OXYTROPIS-SERICEA; BEEF-CATTLE; SWAINSONINE; LIVESTOCK AB Poisonous plants that impair normal reproductive functions in livestock include Veratrum californicum Durand, lupines, ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl.), broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby), locoweeds( Astragalus and Oxytropis spp.), selenium-containing forages, phytoestrogenic plants, endophyte-infected grasses and others. In this review we focus on lupines, locoweeds and ponderosa pine needles to demonstrate the broad and diverse effects that poisonous plants have on reproduction. Certain lupines (Lupinus spp.) contain quinolizidine and piperidine alkaloids that are fetotoxic and when grazed by pregnant cattle during specific stages of gestation induce skeletal birth defects and cleft palate, "crooked calf disease". Poison-hemlock (Conium maculatum) and some Nicotiana spp. contain similar alkaloids and induce identical birth defects in cattle, pigs, goats and sheep when ingested at certain stages of gestation. Locoweeds (species of the Astragalus and Oxytropis genera containing the indolizidine alkaloid swainsonine) interfere with most processes of reproduction when grazed for prolonged periods of time. Animals can recover normal reproductive function if withdrawn from locoweed grazing before severe poisoning occurs. While most animals may recover reproductive function, permanent neurological deficits may preclude normal reproductive behavior. Ponderosa and lodgepole pine needles (Pinus spp.) cause abortion in cattle when grazed during the last trimester of gestation. The specific chemical constituents responsible for the abortions belong to a class of compounds called labdane resin acids, including isocupressic acid (ICA), succinyl ICA, and acetyl ICA. Basic management recommendations to reduce reproductive losses to poisonous plants include: (1) keep good records; (2) know what poisonous plants grow on ranges and understand their effects; (3) develop a management plan to provide for alternate grazing in poisonous plant-free pastures during critical times; (4) provide for balanced nutrition, including protein, energy, minerals and vitamins; (5) maintain a good herd health program; (6) integrate an herbicide treatment program to reduce poisonous plant populations or to maintain clean pastures for alternate grazing; and, (7) manage the range for maximum forage production. C1 USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Panter, KE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 E 1400 N, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 56 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 15 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 55 IS 3 BP 301 EP 308 DI 10.2307/4003138 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554UQ UT WOS:000175755900014 ER PT J AU Young, JA AF Young, JA TI Halogeton grazing management: historical perspective SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE salt deserts; poisonous plant; plant ecology AB Halogeton [Halogeton glomeratus (Bieb.) C. A. Mey], is a fleshy, annual, herbaceous species that was accidentally introduced into the western U. S. during the 20(th) century. Because it is highly poisonous to sheep (Ovis aries), this rather diminutive herb became the center of attention for biological research on Intermountain rangelands during the 1950s. Grazing management for halogeton involves procedures to prevent accidental poisoning of the grazing animals, and management to encourage the density and vigor of competing perennial vegetation to biologically suppress halogeton. Halogeton became most abundant in salt desert rangelands and the lower elevation portions of the sagebrush (Artemisia)/bunchgrass zone. In the sagebrush zone the introduced perennial crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisher) Schultes] was widely planted to both suppress halogeton and to provide alternative forage for livestock. In the salt deserts, the management of native chenopod shrubs was the key to suppressing halogeton. The key species in salt deserts was the highly preferred semi-woody species winterfat [Krascheninnikova lanata (Pursh) A. D. J. Meeuse & Smit]. In many parts of the Intermountain region, halogeton has declined in importance because of the reduced importance of the range sheep industry and improved range condition. In the south central Great Basin, halogeton is still considered a serious problem. C1 USDA ARS, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Young, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, 920 Valley Rd, Reno, NV 89512 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 55 IS 3 BP 309 EP 311 DI 10.2307/4003139 PG 3 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 554UQ UT WOS:000175755900015 ER PT J AU Stenberg, PL AF Stenberg, PL TI Innovation, networks and localities SO JOURNAL OF REGIONAL SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Stenberg, PL (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-4146 J9 J REGIONAL SCI JI J. Reg. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 42 IS 2 BP 433 EP 437 PG 5 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration GA 556PA UT WOS:000175857100016 ER PT J AU Novak, JM Hunt, PG Stone, KC Watts, DW Johnson, MH AF Novak, JM Hunt, PG Stone, KC Watts, DW Johnson, MH TI Riparian zone impact on phosphorus movement to a Coastal Plain black water stream SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE black water stream; grass buffer strip; phosphorus movement; riparian zone ID SOIL; QUALITY; GROUNDWATER; ADSORPTION; SORPTION; WETLANDS; NITRATE; FILTERS; MANURE; FOREST AB Riparian zones are an important conservation practice because they can decrease the entry of sediments and nutrients into sensitive aquatic ecosystems. We evaluated the effectiveness of a Coastal Plain riparian zone in decreasing the movement of phosphorus (P) into a black water stream from an overloaded swine manure spray field. Soil P concentrations (Mehlich 3 P, M3P; and total P, TP) were measured in a spray field, grass strip, mid-riparian, and stream edge continuum. Dissolved P (DP) was measured in ground water wells located in the spray field, grass strip, and stream edge and in in-stream grab samples. The spray field and grass strip areas had high soil M3P concentrations. Low M3P concentrations were detected in soils in the mid-riparian and stream edge areas, indicating effective retention of P by the grass strip area. Elevated DP concentrations were detected in the spray field and grass strip wells, while stream edge wells were low. The riparian zone contributed to decreased DP concentrations between the grass strip and stream edge wells. Furthermore, stream grab samples were consistently low in DP concentrations. We conclude that a riparian zone can effectively limit the movement of P-enriched sediments and prevent DP-enriched ground water from entering a local stream, even in a heavily loaded situation. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. RP Novak, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Res Ctr, Florence, SC USA. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 57 IS 3 BP 127 EP 133 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 574TR UT WOS:000176906100021 ER PT J AU Kiniry, JR Sanchez, H Greenwade, J Seidensticker, E Bell, JR Pringle, F Peacock, G Rives, J AF Kiniry, JR Sanchez, H Greenwade, J Seidensticker, E Bell, JR Pringle, F Peacock, G Rives, J TI Simulating grass productivity on diverse range sites in Texas SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE grass biomass; grass modeling; range yields ID RADIATION-USE EFFICIENCY; MODEL AB Simulation models addressing soil erosion and water quality issues on range sites should realistically simulate grass dry matter yields across a wide diversity of soils and climate regimes. This study was designed to evaluate the ability of the ALMANAC (Agricultural Land Management Alternatives with Numerical Assessment Criteria) model to simulate annual range grass biomass production under diverse climatic conditions and soils in Texas. The objective was to compare range grass production at rangeland ecological sites, as reported in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service ((USDA NRCS) soil surveys, with production simulated by ALMANAC using the most common grasses for each site. The model was run with 60 years of daily weather data on 20 different soils from a diverse set of sites in Texas. The weather data was from seven sites. Model inputs included parameters for the soil series, grass species characteristics, and locally measured climate data. After allowing 10 years for the model to equilibrate, means for simulated production for the sites for the next 50 years were similar to reported means. Simulated production in high rainfall years and tow rainfall years were also similar to reported values. The soils, climate, and grass parameter data sets developed here can be useful starting points for deriving data for additional range sites, giving model users examples of realistic input data. The model shows promise as a tool for realistically simulating grass production on a diverse group of soils and in diverse climatic conditions. C1 USDA, NRCS, Temple, TX USA. USDA, NRCS, Baytown, TX USA. USDA, NRCS, Amarillo, TX USA. USDA, NRCS, Pecos, TX USA. RP Kiniry, JR (reprint author), USDA, NRCS, Temple, TX USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 57 IS 3 BP 144 EP 150 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 574TR UT WOS:000176906100023 ER PT J AU Shields, FD Smiley, PC Cooper, CM AF Shields, FD Smiley, PC Cooper, CM TI Design and management of edge-of-field water control structures for ecological benefits SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE amphibians; birds; ecological impairment; erosion control; fish; gully; mammals; reptiles; riparian zone; species diversity ID EROSION CONTROL-STRUCTURES; PERSISTENCE; POPULATIONS; WETLANDS; QUALITY AB Stream channel incision often triggers formation of tributary gullies. These gullies erode and extend into fields, generating sediments that pollute downstream waters and degrade aquatic habitats. Standard practice for gully treatment involves damming using an earthen embankment with drainage provided by an L-shaped metal pipe. To date, thousands of these structures, also known as drop pipes, have been constructed in riparian zones adjacent to agricultural areas, but environmental criteria have played no role in design. Sixteen drop pipe sites (defined as the region of temporary or permanent impoundment created by the structure) in northwestern Mississippi were sampled for fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals; and physical habitat characteristics were assessed by sampling vegetation and surveying site topography. Speciose sites (those yielding 65 to 82 vertebrate species) were relatively large [greater than or equal to 0.09 ha (.22 ac)], with a significant pool area. Depauperate sites (only 11 to 20 species captured) were smaller, with no pool area and little woody vegetation. Considerable environmental benefits could be realized by slightly modified design and management of drop pipe structures. Results of this study suggest habitat benefits are minimal for sites smaller than 0.1 ha (0.2 ac), for sites lacking woody vegetation, and for sites that do not have at least 20% Of their area below the inlet weir elevation. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 57 IS 3 BP 151 EP 157 PG 7 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 574TR UT WOS:000176906100024 ER PT J AU Doolittle, JA Indorante, SJ Potter, DK Hefner, SG McCauley, WM AF Doolittle, JA Indorante, SJ Potter, DK Hefner, SG McCauley, WM TI Comparing three geophysical tools for locating sand blows in alluvial soils of southeast Missouri SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE apparent conductivity; electrical conductivity; electrical resistivity; electromagnetic induction; sand blows; soil mapping ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION MEASUREMENTS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; WATER-CONTENT; RECONNAISSANCE AB The level, moderately fine and fine-textured, poorly and very poorly drained alluvial soils of the southern Mississippi River Valley are well suited to rice production. However, in many areas, small inclusions of more rapidly permeable, coarse-textured soils occur as sand blows. Because of their more rapid permeability, these included soils are considered marginal for rice production. In this study, an EM38 meter, a GEM300 sensor, and a Veris 3100 soil EC mapping system were compared and used to assess clay content and to locate sand blows in southeastern Missouri. All three tools produced similar gross spatial patterns of apparent conductivity that corresponded to mapped soil delineations and changes in clay content. However, spatial patterns of apparent conductivity are more intricate than major soil patterns and indicate soil map unit inclusions. Moderate correlations (r = 0.39 to 0.71) were found between apparent conductivity and average clay content of the 0 to 25 cm layer. Correlations improved (r = 0.63 to 0.90) as the clay content was averaged over the 0 to 75 cm and the 0 to loo cm depth intervals. As spatial patterns reflect differences in clay content, these tools can be used to help locate small, included areas of coarse-textured soils that might otherwise be overlooked. C1 USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Newtown Sq, PA USA. USDA, NRCS, Carbondale, IL USA. USDA, NRCS, Columbia, MO USA. USDA, NRCS, Ozark, MO USA. USDA, NRCS, Benton, IL USA. RP Doolittle, JA (reprint author), USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Natl Soil Survey Ctr, Newtown Sq, PA USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 945 SW ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50023-9723 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 57 IS 3 BP 175 EP 182 PG 8 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 574TR UT WOS:000176906100027 ER PT J AU Turner, C McKeon, T AF Turner, C McKeon, T TI The use of immobilized candida antarctica lipase for simultaneous supercritical fluid extraction and in-situ methanolysis of cis-vaccenic acid in milkweed seeds SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Asclepias; fatty acids; isolation; lipase; methylation; oilseed; SFE ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; METHYL-ESTERS; VITAMIN-A; CO2; INTERESTERIFICATION; POWDER; OILS AB cis-Vaccenate was determined in milkweed (Asclepias) seeds employing supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with in-situ enzymatic methanolysis. Candida antarctica lipase type B immobilized onto two different types of carrier materials-a hydrophobic polymer (Novozyme 435) and a silica-based material (NovoSample 40013)-was investigated. Several SFE parameters were investigated to find the optimal conditions, including extraction time, temperature, methanol concentration, and water level. It was shown that 90 min of dynamic extraction/reaction time was required, and that the optimal methanol and water concentrations differed for the two enzyme preparations studied. Overall, Novozyme 435 demonstrated the fastest reaction kinetics and consistently gave the highest vaccenate yields. The optimized methodology was applied on 15 species of milkweed seeds, giving an average recovery of 105 +/- 7% when compared to results obtained using a conventional methodology. The average relative standard deviations were 8% for the enzyme-based method and 4% for the reference method. The proposed methodology was faster, was less laborious, and consumed less organic solvent than the reference method. Hence, SFE with in-situ enzymatic methanolysis is a promising methodology for the analysis of FA in oilseeds. C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP McKeon, T (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RI Turner, Charlotta/I-6045-2013 OI Turner, Charlotta/0000-0001-9466-1149 NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 79 IS 5 BP 473 EP 478 DI 10.1007/s11746-002-0508-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 550VL UT WOS:000175524300011 ER PT J AU Wisniewski, M Glenn, DM Fuller, MP AF Wisniewski, M Glenn, DM Fuller, MP TI Use of a hydrophobic particle film as a barrier to extrinsic ice nucleation in tomato plants SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Pseudomonas syringue; Lycopersicon esculentum; frost protection; infrared thermography; supercooling ID INFRARED VIDEO THERMOGRAPHY; PROPAGATION AB Extrinsic ice nucleating agents (such as ice-nucleation-active bacteria, dew, etc.) significantly limit the ability of herbaceous plants to supercool. It is believed that with an absence of these extrinsic nucleating agents, a plant could supercool to less than -4 degreesC. Other evidence, however, indicates that intrinsic nucleating agents may limit the extent of supercooling. Infrared video thermography was used to study freezing in young,'Rutgers' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plants and to determine if a hydrophobic barrier on the plant surface could prevent extrinsic nucleating agents such as Ice(+) bacterial strain (Cit7) of Pseudomonas syringae Van Hall from initiating freezing within a plant. Freezing tests were conducted in a programmable freezing chamber, a radiative frost chamber, and outdoors. Freezing was visualized and recorded on videotape using an infrared radiometer. Freezing of the plants was induced extrinsically by application of droplets (5 to 7 muL) of water containing Cit7. To provide a barrier to the action of extrinsic ice nucleating agents, an emulsion of hydrophobic kaolin (aluminum silicate mineral) was applied to the plant surface before application of an extrinsic nucleating agent. Results indicate that dry, young tomato plants can supercool to as low as -6 degreesC whereas plants having a single droplet of Cit7 would freeze at -1.5 to -2.5 degreesC. Application of the hydrophobic barrier blocked the effect of Cit7 and allowed whole plants to also supercool to -6 degreesC, despite the presence of frozen droplets on the leaf surface. When whole plants were sprayed with water and Cit7 using an aerosol sprayer and exposed to -3 degreesC, plants coated with the hydrophobic particle film exhibited significantly less foliar injury then nontreated plants. Similar results were obtained using the radiative frost chamber. Experiments conducted under natural frost conditions also resulted in less injury to the coated plants. The hydrophobic kaolin particle film performed better at preventing plants from freezing due to extrinsic ice nucleation than nonaltered, hydrophyllic kaolin alone or an antitranspirant with putative frost protection properties. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Plymouth, Seale Hayne Fac, Newton Abbot TQ12 6NQ, England. RP Wisniewski, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 17 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 127 IS 3 BP 358 EP 364 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 538HD UT WOS:000174808600008 ER PT J AU Thies, JA Fery, RL AF Thies, JA Fery, RL TI Heat stability of resistance to southern root-knot nematode in bell pepper genotypes homozygous and heterozygous for the N gene SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Capsicum annuum var. annuum; Meloidogyne incognita race 3; nematode resistance ID STABLE RESISTANCE; MELOIDOGYNE; INHERITANCE AB Expression of the N gene, which confers resistance to southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita Kofoid and White) in bell pepper [(Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum (Grossum Group)], is modified at high temperatures (28 degreesC and 32 degreesC), but its expression in the heterozygous condition (Nn) has not been documented at moderate or high temperatures. Responses of the near-isogenic bell pepper cultivars, Charleston Belle and Keystone Resistant Giant (differing at the N locus), and the F, and reciprocal F-1, crosses between these cultivars to M. incognita race 3 were determined at 24,28, and 32 degreesC in growth chamber experiments. 'Keystone Resistant Giant'(nn) was susceptible at 24,28, and 32 degreesC.'Charleston Belle'(NN) exhibited high resistance at 24 degreesC and resistance was partially lost at 28 and 32 degreesC. However, at 32 degreesC root gall and egg mass severity indices for 'Charleston Belle' were still in the resistant range, and the number of M. incognita eggs per gram fresh root and reproductive index were 97% and 90% less, respectively, than for 'Keystone Resistant Giant. Responses of the F, and F, reciprocal hybrid populations to M. incognita were similar to the response of the resistant parent at all temperatures. Root fresh weights and top dry weights indicated that both hybrid populations tolerated M. incognita infections at least as well as 'Charleston Belle'. These findings indicate that i) only one of the parental inbred lines needs to be converted to the NN genotype to produce F, hybrid cultivars with fully functional N-type resistance to M. incognita; and ii) cytoplasmic factors are not involved in expression of N-type resistance and the resistant parental inbred can used to equal advantage as either the paternal or the maternal parent. C1 USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Thies, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, 2875 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 127 IS 3 BP 371 EP 375 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 538HD UT WOS:000174808600010 ER PT J AU McPhee, KE Zemetra, RS Brown, J Myers, JR AF McPhee, KE Zemetra, RS Brown, J Myers, JR TI Genetic analysis of the raffinose family oligosaccharides in common bean SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Phaseolus vulgaris; diallel; heritability; general combining ability; specific combining ability; raffinose; stachyose ID PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS; ANTINUTRITIONAL FACTORS; GALACTINOL SYNTHASE; DEVELOPING SEEDS; LEGUME SEEDS; DRY BEANS; CULTIVARS; DIALLEL; SUGARS AB Common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a nutritionally complete food, but contains anti nutritional compounds that reduce digestibility. One group of compounds includes the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) (raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose), which are partly responsible for flatulence after beans are eaten. RFOs stabilize cell membranes during seed desiccation and when the seed rehydrates during germination. While low levels of RFOs are desirable nutritionally, high levels may enhance germination and emergence, particularly in cold, wet soils. Eight landraces selected for high and low sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose content, were crossed in a diallel mating design to investigate genetic control of the RFOs. Derivatized soluble sugars were measured using gas-liquid chromatography. Fructose, sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose were detected. In the F,, fructose varied from 0.1 to 2.5 mg.g(-1) dry weight (DW), sucrose from 17.2 to 56.5 mg.g(-1) DW, raffinose from 0.1 to 4.1 mg.g(-1) DW, and stachyose ranged from 7.6 to 43.7 mg.g(-1) DW. Griffing's analysis estimates of general combining ability were on average, 16.5 times larger than specific combining ability for all the RFOs, indicating that additive genetic variance was most important. Significant reciprocal differences were detected in the F-1 and F-2. but not in the F-3. RFO accumulation was partially dominant as indicated by Hayman's analysis. Narrow sense heritability averaged over F-2 and F-3 generations for sucrose, raffinose, stachyose, total sugar, and total oligosaccharides were 0.22, 0.54, 0.44,0.17, and 0.27, respectively. Moderate heritabilities indicate that manipulation of RFO accumulation in this set of bean lines would probably need to be done on a progeny row basis with replication. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Myers, JR (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Grain Legume Genet & Physiol Res Unit, 303 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 127 IS 3 BP 376 EP 382 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 538HD UT WOS:000174808600011 ER PT J AU Bradeen, JM Bach, IC Briard, M le Clerc, V Grzebelus, D Senalik, DA Simon, PW AF Bradeen, JM Bach, IC Briard, M le Clerc, V Grzebelus, D Senalik, DA Simon, PW TI Molecular diversity analysis of cultivated carrot (Daucus carota L.) and wild Daucus populations reveals a genetically nonstructured composition SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE amplified fragment length polymorphism; AFLP; inter-simple sequence repeat; ISSR ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISMS; AFLP MARKERS; GENOMIC REGION; INBRED LINES; SSP SATIVUS; ACCESSIONS; RFLPS; DNA; VARIABILITY; SSRS AB A sample of 124 Daucus carota L. accessions, including cultivated carrot [D. carota ssp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcangeli] and related wild subspecies, using a variety of molecular markers was examined. Represented within the samples were wild accessions from 18 countries, 14 of 16 major root types of European origin, and examples of major North American and Asian cultivated carrot types. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers revealed extensive variation within D. carota. Although cultivated carrot and wild D. carota subspecies can cross freely, cultivated and wild carrots clustered separately, supporting the possibility that human selection for desirable horticultural traits has artificially reduced gene now between cultivated and wild forms. Our analyses support the likelihood that North American D. carota populations arose due to introduction of weedy materials rather than escape of cultivated forms. With the exception of wild vs. cultivated types, no genetic alliances were evident in dendrogram topology. Furthermore, between and even within nonmapped marker classes, dendrogram topology predictions were not consistent. Generally poor correlations among root types, geographic origin, mitochondrial, plastid, and specific nuclear diversity and AFLP/ISSR data were also observed. We concluded that genetic diversity in carrot is extensive and relatively nonstructured in nature. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, USDA ARS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Agr Sci Plant Breeding & Crop Sci, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Inst Natl Hort, F-49045 Angers 01, France. Agr Univ Krakow, Dept Genet Plant Breeding & Seed Sci, PL-31425 Krakow, Poland. RP Bradeen, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, USDA ARS, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Grzebelus, Dariusz/I-8832-2014 OI Grzebelus, Dariusz/0000-0001-6999-913X NR 42 TC 37 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 127 IS 3 BP 383 EP 391 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 538HD UT WOS:000174808600012 ER PT J AU Buteler, MI LaBonte, DR Jarret, RL Macchiavelli, RE AF Buteler, MI LaBonte, DR Jarret, RL Macchiavelli, RE TI Microsatellite-based paternity analysis in polyploid sweetpotato SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE molecular markers; genealogy reconstruction; paternity exclusion; most-likely parent; Ipomoea batatas ID CHAMAELIRIUM-LUTEUM; GENE; DNA; IDENTIFICATION AB Using codominant molecular markers (microsatellites) for paternity identification was investigated in hexaploid sweetpotato Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]. Two experimental populations (CIP and LAES), each consisting or progeny of known parentage, were scored for the presence or absence of alleles segregating at IB-316 and IB-318 microsatellite loci. Paternity was assessed using paternity exclusion and the most-likely parent methods. In the former, paternity is assigned based on the identification of incompatible parent-progeny marker data. In contrast, the latter method incorporates paternity exclusion and a log-likelihood or LOD score that weighs progeny allelic patterns as to the likelihood that they could have come from a given paternal parent. The number of correctly allocated progeny differed for the methods. Paternity exclusion correctly allocated 7% and 25 % of the progeny in the LAES and CIP populations, respectively. The most-likely parent method correctly allocated 23% and 88% of the progeny in the LAES and CIP populations, respectively. The greater misassignments in the LAES population were attributed to low allelic diversity at the LAES IB-318 locus and a larger parental population. This study demonstrates the feasibility of identifying paternity in sweetpotato using a minimal number of loci. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Dept Hort, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Agron & Soils, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP LaBonte, DR (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Dept Hort, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 127 IS 3 BP 392 EP 396 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 538HD UT WOS:000174808600013 ER PT J AU Keys, RN Ray, DT Dierig, DA AF Keys, RN Ray, DT Dierig, DA TI Characterization of apomictic potential in Guayule (Parthenium argentatum) in vivo and in vitro SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE apomixis; mitotic diplospory; Asteraceae; auxin; ovule culture ID FREQUENCY AB Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray), a latex-producing perennial desert shrub and potential industrial crop for semiarid regions, exhibits reproductive modes ranging from sexual, self-sterile diploids to predominantly apomictic, self-compatible polyploids. The objectives of this study were to develop and evaluate a rapid, simple technique for characterizing apomictic potential (percentage of ovules that produce apomictic embryos) in guayule breeding lines. Initial in vivo experiments were based on an auxin test that permitted quantification of apomictic frequency in grasses. In our trials, floral application of NAA or IBA resulted in embryo production similar to that of open-pollinated controls, but 2,4-D inhibited embryo production. Breeding lines could be separated based on embryo production using an in vivo auxin test; however, accuracy of the results was questionable because 1) pollen release and insect activity within isolation bags prevented distinguishing between sexual and apomictic embryos, and 2) high temperatures and large humidity fluctuations could have affected results. Thus, in vitro flower culture was investigated using liquid medium, because it would provide better control of these factors. Flowers developed normally in vitro, except that pollen was not released from the anthers; therefore, any embryos produced in vitro were considered to be apomictic. Embryo production was similar on both Nitsch and Nitsch and Woody Plant Media. Addition of growth regulators inhibited embryo production. Embryo production was tested on Nitsch and Nitsch medium without growth regulators for seven breeding lines. Based on statistical analyses, four classes of apomictic potential were identified, ranging from none (sexual) to high. Chemical names used: 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D); indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)-, alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Ray, DT (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 127 IS 3 BP 404 EP 408 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 538HD UT WOS:000174808600015 ER PT J AU Shellie, KC Mangan, RL AF Shellie, KC Mangan, RL TI Hot water immersion as a quarantine treatment for large mangoes: Artificial versus cage infestation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Mangifera indica; disinfestation; fruit fly; Anastrepha spp.; phytosanitary; heat treatment ID FRUIT-FLY DIPTERA; FORCED-AIR; TEPHRITIDAE; GRAPEFRUIT AB Market demand exists in the United States for fresh mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit weighing >700 g, yet fruit of this size cannot be imported for lack of a quarantine treatment against fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Therefore, the objectives of this research were to evaluate the influence of fruit infestation method on mortality of late third instar, fruit fly larvae after fruit were immersed in hot water, and to generate dose mortality and fruit quality data for mangoes >700 g. Results suggested that artificial infestation is preferable to cage infestation because artificial infestation eliminates the direct influence of fruit weight loss on the heat dose delivered to the fruit center. Other advantages of artificial over cage infestation include: fruit maturity at treatment is similar to commercial application, mortality of untreated control fruit can be calculated, larval maturity is uniform and observable, and larvae can be placed into the slowest heating part of the fruit. Infesting with 50 rather than 25 larvae per fruit was preferred because the number of larvae placed into the fruit did not influence mortality and twice as many larvae were evaluated using the same number of fruit. The dose mortality and fruit quality data generated in this research suggest that immersion in water at 46.1 degreesC for 110 minutes may provide Probit 9 level quarantine security against Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens Loew) for mangoes weighing up to 900 g without adversely affecting fruit market quality. C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res Unit 2413, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Shellie, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Ctr, Crop Qual & Fruit Insects Res Unit 2413, E Business 83 Bldg 200, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 127 IS 3 BP 430 EP 434 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 538HD UT WOS:000174808600019 ER PT J AU Rudell, DR Mattheis, JP Fan, X Fellman, JK AF Rudell, DR Mattheis, JP Fan, X Fellman, JK TI Methyl jasmonate enhances anthocyanin accumulation and modifies production of phenolics and pigments in 'Fuji' apples SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Malus sylvestris var. domestica; color; chlorophyll; carotenoid; light stress ID GENE-EXPRESSION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FLOWER PIGMENTATION; DELICIOUS APPLE; ULTRAVIOLET-B; PEACH SHOOTS; SKIN COLOR; FRUIT; ETHYLENE AB Effects of artificial ultraviolet-visible light and methyl jasmonate (MJ) treatment on 'Fuji' apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] fruit peel anthocyanin, phenolic, carotenoid, and chlorophyll production were examined using tristimulus color analysis and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Anthocyanin synthesis was enhanced by light and MJ treatment. Chlorogenic acid and most cyanidin, quercetin, and phloretin glycosides increased with MJ treatment concentration. Light alone also promoted increased production of most of these compounds. Production of catechin, (-)epicatechin, quercetin, and quercetrin was not enhanced by either light or MJ treatment. Light and MJ enhanced beta-carotene and chlorophyll b, synthesis but not xanthophyll or chlorophyll a synthesis. The chlorophyll a/b ratio decreased with MJ dosage. Results suggest MJ may provide a viable means of enhancing apple fruit coloration and other photoprotective mechanisms. Chemical name used: methyl 3-oxo-2-(2-pentenyl)cyclopentane- 1-acetate (methyl jasmonate). C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Regional Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Mattheis, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 55 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 127 IS 3 BP 435 EP 441 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 538HD UT WOS:000174808600020 ER PT J AU Traub-Dargatz, JL George, JL Dargatz, DA Morley, PS Southwood, LL Tillotson, K AF Traub-Dargatz, JL George, JL Dargatz, DA Morley, PS Southwood, LL Tillotson, K TI Survey of complications and antimicrobial use in equine patients at veterinary teaching hospitals that underwent surgery because of colic SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; HORSES AB Objective-To determine current practices regarding use of antimicrobials in equine patients undergoing surgery because of colic at veterinary teaching hospitals. Design-Survey. Sample Population-Diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons performing equine surgery at veterinary teaching hospitals in the United States. Procedure-A Web-based questionnaire was developed, and 85 surgeons were asked to participate. The first part of the survey requested demographic information and information about total number of colic surgeries performed at the hospital, number of colic surgeries performed by the respondent, and whether the hospital had written guidelines for antimicrobial drug use. The second part pertained to nosocomial infections. The third part provided several case scenarios and asked respondents whether they would use antimicrobial drugs in these instances. Results-Thirty-four (40%) surgeons responded to the questionnaire. Respondents indicated that most equine patients undergoing surgery because of colic at veterinary teaching hospitals in the United States received antimicrobial drugs. Drugs that were used were similar for the various hospitals that were represented, and for the most part, the drugs that were used were fairly uniform irrespective of the type of colic, whereas the duration of treatment varied with the type of colic and the surgical findings. The combination of potassium penicillin and gentamicin was the most commonly used treatment. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results of this study document the implementation of recommendations by several authors in veterinary texts that antimicrobial drugs be administered perioperatively in equine patients with colic that are undergoing surgery. However, the need for long-term antimicrobial drug treatment in equine patients with colic is unknown. C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Strasburg Vet Clin, Strasburg, CO 80136 USA. USDA, APHIS, VS Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Traub-Dargatz, JL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. OI Morley, Paul/0000-0001-8138-2714 NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 220 IS 9 BP 1359 EP 1365 DI 10.2460/javma.2002.220.1359 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 543ZU UT WOS:000175134400022 PM 11991416 ER PT J AU Russo, VM Howard, LR AF Russo, VM Howard, LR TI Carotenoids in pungent and non-pungent peppers at various developmental stages grown in the field and glasshouset SO JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE Capsicum; capsanthin; alpha-carotene; beta-carotene; beta-cryptoxanthin; lutein; physiology; retinol equivalents; zeaxanthin ID PAPRIKA CAPSICUM-ANNUUM; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; XANTHOPHYLL-CYCLE; PROVITAMIN-A; WATER-STRESS; LUNG-CANCER; VEGETABLES; CULTIVARS; FRUIT; CHROMOPLAST AB Carotenoids in edible portions of plants can provide health benefits to humans. How growing conditions affect levels of carotenoids in pepper fruits as they mature is not well known. Five cvs of bell pepper (Bell Captain, Melody, North Star, Ranger, Red Beauty) and five cvs of pungent-type peppers (Anaheim, Ancho, Cayenne, Pimento, Red Cherry) were grown in a glasshouse and in the field. Fruits were harvested at the green, turning (50% green) and mature red stages and analysed for levels of the carotenoids beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, capsanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin and totals of these carotenoids. Levels of provitamin A: retinol equivalents (RE) were derived from levels of beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha-carotene and beta-carotene. Levels of most carotenoids and RE were significantly higher in glasshouse-grown plants, and most were higher in fruits at the red stage. Fruits of Ancho type had the most beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, total carotenoids and RE, while fruits of Red Cherry type had the most capsanthin and zeaxanthin, and fruits of Bell Captain had the most lutein. Interactions of the main effects variables, ie location of production (field vs glasshouse), stage of development and cultivar, indicated differences in patterns of carotenoid levels and RE. The data indicated that growing conditions influenced carotenoid levels. The more consistent and protected conditions in the glasshouse may have caused carotenoid levels to be increased, especially at the red stage. Published in 2002 for SCI by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Food Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72704 USA. RP Russo, VM (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Cent Agr Res Lab, POB 159 Hwy 3W, Lane, OK 74555 USA. NR 48 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0022-5142 J9 J SCI FOOD AGR JI J. Sci. Food Agric. PD MAY 1 PY 2002 VL 82 IS 6 BP 615 EP 624 DI 10.1002/jsfa.1099 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 542MY UT WOS:000175048700003 ER PT J AU O'Toole, D Li, H Sourk, C Montgomery, DL Crawford, TB AF O'Toole, D Li, H Sourk, C Montgomery, DL Crawford, TB TI Malignant catarrhal fever in a bison (Bison bison) feedlot, 1993-2000 SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; OVINE HERPESVIRUS-2; SHEEP; CATTLE; VIRUS; RUMINANTS; PCR; TRANSMISSION; DIAGNOSIS; PATHOLOGY AB A fatal enteric syndrome was identified in American bison (Bison bison) at a large feedlot in the American Midwest in early 1998. An estimated 150 bison died of the syndrome between January 1998 and December 1999. The syndrome was identified as malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), primarily the alimentary form. Clinical onset was acute, and most affected bison died within 1-3 days; none recovered. Consistent lesions were hemorrhagic cystitis, ulcerative enterotyphlocolitis, and arteritis-phlebitis. Vasculitis was milder and more localized than that in cattle with MCF, and in contrast to the situation in cattle, lymphadenomegaly was minimal. Virtually all affected bison examined were positive for ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. A retrospective study of archived tissues established that MCF occurred in the yard as early as 1993. A prospective study was undertaken to establish the importance of MCF relative to other fatal diseases at the feedlot. The fate of a group of 300 healthy male bison in a consignment of 1,101 animals was followed for up to 7 months to slaughter. At entry, 23% (71/300) of bison were seropositive for MCF viruses, and 11% (8/71) of these seropositive bison were PCR positive for OvHV-2. Forty seronegative bison were selected at random from the group, and all were PCR negative for OvHV-2. There was no change in seroprevalence in the group during the investigation. The minimum infection rate for MCF virus was 36.3% (93/256). Twenty-two (7.3%) of the 300 bison in the feedlot died. Of these, 15 had MCF, 4 had acute or chronic pneumonia, and 3 were unexamined. Losses in the entire consignment were higher (98/1,101; 8.8% death loss); 76% of deaths were attributable to MCF. The study failed to reveal a relationship between subclinical infection and development of clinical disease. C1 Wyoming State Vet Lab, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Sourk Vet Clin, Scott City, KS 67871 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Amarillo, TX 79106 USA. RP O'Toole, D (reprint author), Wyoming State Vet Lab, 1174 Snowy Range Rd, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. NR 42 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 EI 1943-4936 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 BP 183 EP 193 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 553DQ UT WOS:000175660700001 PM 12033673 ER PT J AU Werre, SR Jacobson, RH Bowman, DD Dubey, JP Mohammed, HO AF Werre, SR Jacobson, RH Bowman, DD Dubey, JP Mohammed, HO TI Evaluation of kinetics and single-read enzyme-linked immunoassays for detection of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sheep SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID OVINE TOXOPLASMOSIS; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; UNITED-STATES; DIAGNOSIS; SERODIAGNOSIS; INFECTIONS; RESPONSES; ANTIGENS; OOCYSTS; ASSAYS AB A kinetics enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a single-read ELISA for the detection of ovine anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG were developed and optimized. During the kinetics assay, 3 optical densities were obtained for each serum sample at intervals of 45 seconds, and the results were presented as average slopes (replicates of 2) of the reaction rate between bound enzyme and substrate solution. The kinetics ELISA was stopped 5 minutes after dispensing the substrate to constitute the single-read ELISA, and the results were presented as average optical densities for duplicates of each sample. Performance of the assays was evaluated using the modified agglutination test (MAT) as the "gold standard." There was a high level of agreement between both ELISAs and the MAT, as measured by Pearson correlation coefficients, kappa statistics, and the area under the receiver operating characteristics curves. The single-read ELISA was as accurate as the kinetics ELISA, with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 96%. C1 Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, Parasit Biol & Epidemiol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Werre, SR (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 BP 225 EP 230 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 553DQ UT WOS:000175660700006 PM 12033678 ER PT J AU Alvarado, JF Dolz, G Herrero, MV McCluskey, B Salman, M AF Alvarado, JF Dolz, G Herrero, MV McCluskey, B Salman, M TI Comparison of the serum neutralization test and a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey and vesicular stomatitis virus Indiana SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID PROTEIN AB A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey (VSV-NJ) and vesicular stomatitis virus Indiana (VSV-IN) was compared with the serum neutralization test (SNT) using 1,106 serum samples obtained from dairy cattle on sentinel study farms in the Pods region of Costa Rica. Kappa coefficients between the C-ELISA and the SNT were 0.8871 (95% confidence interval [Cl]: 0.8587-0.9155) and 0.6912 (95% CI: 0.6246-0.7577) for the VSV-NJ and VSV-IN tests, respectively. These results indicate good to excellent agreement between the 2 tests under these conditions. C1 Univ Nacl, Escuela Med Vet, Posgrado Reg Ciencias Vet Trop, Heredia, Costa Rica. Univ Nacl, Escuela Med Vet, Programa Invest Enfermedades Trop, Heredia, Costa Rica. APHIS, Ctr Epidemiol, Vet Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. APHIS, Ctr Anim Hlth, Vet Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ctr Vet Epidemiol & Anim Dis Surveillance Syst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Alvarado, JF (reprint author), Univ Nacl, Escuela Med Vet, Posgrado Reg Ciencias Vet Trop, Heredia, Costa Rica. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 14 IS 3 BP 240 EP 242 PG 3 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 553DQ UT WOS:000175660700009 PM 12033681 ER PT J AU Singh, MAF AF Singh, MAF TI Exercise comes of age: Rationale and recommendations for a geriatric exercise prescription SO JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; NURSING-HOME RESIDENTS; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; CHRONIC HEART-FAILURE; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; VISCERAL ADIPOSE-TISSUE; WEIGHT-BEARING EXERCISE; BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; HEALTHY OLDER MEN C1 Univ Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged, Boston, MA 02131 USA. RP Singh, MAF (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia. NR 268 TC 156 Z9 158 U1 5 U2 13 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 1079-5006 J9 J GERONTOL A-BIOL JI J. Gerontol. Ser. A-Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 57 IS 5 BP M262 EP M282 PG 21 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 548XT UT WOS:000175415700007 PM 11983720 ER PT J AU Cohen, JD AF Cohen, JD TI Letters (Response to the article, "Will Wildfire Ravage Our Profession" by Kim Sorvig) SO LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE LA English DT Letter C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. RP Cohen, JD (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS PI WASHINGTON PA 636 EYE ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3736 USA SN 0023-8031 J9 LANDSCAPE ARCHIT JI Landsc. Archit. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 92 IS 5 BP 14 EP 15 PG 2 WC Architecture SC Architecture GA 546WT UT WOS:000175299900013 ER PT J AU Heaton, MP Harhay, GP Bennett, GL Stone, RT Grosse, WM Casas, E Keele, JW Smith, TPL Chitko-McKown, CG Laegreid, WW AF Heaton, MP Harhay, GP Bennett, GL Stone, RT Grosse, WM Casas, E Keele, JW Smith, TPL Chitko-McKown, CG Laegreid, WW TI Selection and use of SNP markers for animal identification and paternity analysis in US beef cattle SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; BOVINE CYTOKINE GENES; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; SEQUENCE VARIATION; BREEDING VALUE; HUMAN GENOME; DNA; MISIDENTIFICATION; POPULATION; EXCLUSION AB DNA marker technology represents a promising means for determining the genetic identity and kinship of an animal. Compared with other types of DNA markers, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are attractive because they are abundant, genetically stable, and amenable to high-throughput automated analysis. In cattle, the challenge has been to identify a minimal set of SNPs with sufficient power for use in a variety of popular breeds and crossbred populations. This report describes a set of 32 highly informative SNP markers distributed among 18 autosomes and both sex chromosomes. Informativity of these SNPs in U.S. beef cattle populations was estimated from the distribution of allele and genotype frequencies in two panels: one consisting of 96 purebred sires representing 17 popular breeds, and another with 154 purebred American Angus from six herds in four Midwestern states. Based on frequency data from these panels, the estimated probability that two randomly selected. unrelated individuals will possess identical genotypes for all 32 loci was 2.0 x 10(-13) for multi-breed composite populations and 1.9 x 10(-10) for purebred Angus populations. The probability that a randomly chosen candidate sire will be excluded from paternity was estimated to be 99.9% and 99.4% for the same respective populations. The DNA immediately surrounding the 32 target SNPs was sequenced in the 96 sires of the multi-breed panel and found to contain an additional 183 polymorphic sites. Knowledge of these additional sites, together with the 32 target SNPs, allows the design of robust, accurate genotype assays on a variety of high-throughput SNP genotyping platforms. C1 USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Heaton, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, State Spur 18D POB 166, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 44 TC 109 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD MAY PY 2002 VL 13 IS 5 BP 272 EP 281 AR PII 10.1007/s00335-001-2146-3 DI 10.1007/s00335-001-2146-3 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 546UD UT WOS:000175292200007 PM 12016516 ER PT J AU Richards, MP Poch, SM AF Richards, MP Poch, SM TI Quantitative analysis of gene expression by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection SO MOLECULAR BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene expression; mRNA; reverse transcription; polymerase chain reaction; capillary electrophoresis; laser-induced fluorescence detection ID DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA; RT-PCR; MESSENGER-RNA; INTERNAL STANDARDS AB There has been a dramatic expansion of DNA sequence information compiled over the past several years for a variety of eukaryotic and prokaryotic genomes. Accompanying this increase in knowledge of genomic structure and organization has been a growing interest in studying the function of individual genes including regulation of their expression. A number of methods such as Northern blotting, ribonuclease protection assay, and hybridization arrays have been developed to analyze gene expression at the transcriptional (mRNA) level. Although quantitative estimates of mRNA transcripts can be obtained from each of these methods, oftentimes they lack sufficient sensitivity or the methodology is too costly or too labor-intensive to be applied to the analysis of a large number of samples. The most sensitive method for analyzing gene expression at the mRNA level involves the combination of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). However, in order to provide accurate quantitative estimates of gene expression, a rapid and efficient method is required for separation and detection of the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) products of RT-PCR. Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE/LIF) have made this method suitable for the automated analysis of large numbers of RT-PCR samples. An overview of the application of CE/LIF to quantitative analysis of gene expression by RT-PCR is presented along with selected protocols and examples. Both relative-quantitative (RQ) and quantitative-competitive (QC) approaches to RT-PCR are discussed in conjunction with the use of CE/LIF for rapid and accurate quantitative analysis of PCR products. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 55 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 1073-6085 J9 MOL BIOTECHNOL JI Mol. Biotechnol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 21 IS 1 BP 19 EP 37 DI 10.1385/MB:21:1:019 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 542VV UT WOS:000175065700003 PM 11989656 ER PT J AU Fellers, JP Tremblay, D Handest, MF Lommel, SA AF Fellers, JP Tremblay, D Handest, MF Lommel, SA TI The Potato virus Y (MNR)-N-S Nlb-replicase is the elicitor of a veinal necrosis-hypersensitive response in root knot nematode resistant tobacco SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENE-MEDIATED RESISTANCE; GENOME-LINKED PROTEIN; MOSAIC-VIRUS; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; COAT PROTEIN; PATHOGENICITY DETERMINANTS; NECROTIC RESPONSE; POTYVIRUS; STRAIN; VPG AB A root knot nematode resistance gene in Nicotiana tabacum, Rk, providing resistance to the nematode parasite Meloidogyne incognita is tightly linked to, or is a pleiotropic gene with a veinal necrosis systemic hypersensitive response to infection by Potato virus Y (PVY) (MNR)-N-s. The single PVY (MNR)-N-s open reading frame was sequenced and found to have 89% protein identity to PVY N. Individual PVY (MNR)-N-s polypeptides were deduced and the corresponding cDNA were cloned into a Potato virus X (PVX) based expression vector and used as templates for in vitro transcriptions. Infected plant sap, from N. benthamiana inoculated with infectious RNA, was used to inoculate both root knot nematode (RKN) resistant and susceptible tobacco lines. Lines were then evaluated for the induction of the hypersensitive response. The PVY (MNR)-N-s Nib-replicase protein was found to induce a hypersensitive response 10 days post inoculation in nematode resistant tobacco. None of the other PVX/PVY (MNR)-N-S constructs induced a hypersensitive response. The Nib-replicase of PVY N, which shares 93% identity to PVY (MNR)-N-S, did not induce a hypersensitive response when expressed from the PVX vector. This confirmed that the PVY (MNR)-N-S Nib-replicase is the elicitor of PVY (MNR)-N-S veinal necrosis on RKN plants and thus the first report of a Potyvirus replicase functioning as an avirulence factor. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Bot, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Fellers, JP (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, PSERU, Dept Plant Pathol, 4006 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 3 IS 3 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1046/j.1364-3703.2002.00106.x PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 579NB UT WOS:000177183800005 PM 20569320 ER PT J AU Ceresini, PC Shew, HD Vilgalys, RJ Rosewich, UL Cubeta, MA AF Ceresini, PC Shew, HD Vilgalys, RJ Rosewich, UL Cubeta, MA TI Genetic structure of populations of Rhizoctonia solani AG-3 on potato in eastern North Carolina SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE migration; population subdivision; Thanatephorus cucumeris ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ANASTOMOSIS GROUPS; NUCLEAR-DNA; DIVERSITY; POLYMORPHISMS; BIOLOGY; COMPLEX; ALLELES AB A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was developed to identify and differentiate genotypes of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 3 subgroup PT (AG-3 PT), a fungal pathogen of potato. Polymorphic co-dominant single-locus PCR-RFLP markers were identified after sequencing of clones from a genomic library and digestion with restriction enzymes. Multilocus genotypes were determined by a combination of PCR product and digestion with a specific restriction enzyme for each of seven loci. A sample of 104 isolates from one commercial field in each of five counties in eastern North Carolina was analyzed, and evidence for high levels of gene flow between populations was revealed. When data were clone-corrected and samples pooled into one single North Carolina population, random associations of alleles were found for all loci or pairs of loci, indicating random mating. However, when all genotypes were analyzed, the observed genotypic diversity deviated from panmixia and alleles within and between loci were not randomly associated. These findings support a model of population structure for R. solani AG-3 PT on potato that includes both recombination and clonality. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Engn, Dept Biol, BR-15385000 Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Cubeta, MA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Box 7616, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Ceresini, Paulo/B-8476-2008 OI Ceresini, Paulo/0000-0003-2381-2792 NR 45 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 11 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 94 IS 3 BP 450 EP 460 DI 10.2307/3761779 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 556TZ UT WOS:000175866200010 PM 21156516 ER PT J AU Farr, DF Castlebury, LA Rossman, AY AF Farr, DF Castlebury, LA Rossman, AY TI Morphological and molecular characterization of Phomopsis vaccinii and additional isolates of Phomopsis from blueberry and cranberry in the eastern United States SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE coelomycetes; cultural characteristics; Diaporthe; dieback; Ericaceae; fungi; ITS; pycnidia; Vaccinium corymbosum; Vaccinium macrocarpon ID ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI AB Forty isolates of Phomopsis were obtained from twigs and berries of highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum, and cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon, isolated primarily from plants grown in the eastern United States. They were characterized using conidiomatal morphology, conidial dimensions, colony appearance and growth rate, and sequences of ITS rDNA. Based on morphological and molecular similarities, most isolates grouped together with an authentic Culture of Phomopsis vaccinii Shear. This taxon is described and illustrated. However, some Phomopsis isolates from Vaccinium differed in colony and conidiomatal morphology from P vaccinii and, based on ITS sequences, were related to isolates of Phomopsis front diverse hosts. These isolates were excluded from P vaccinii. C1 ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Farr, DF (reprint author), ARS, Systemat Bot & Mycol Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 11 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 94 IS 3 BP 494 EP 504 DI 10.2307/3761783 PG 11 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 556TZ UT WOS:000175866200014 PM 21156520 ER PT J AU Pregitzer, KS AF Pregitzer, KS TI Fine roots of trees - a new perspective SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Editorial Material ID NITROGEN; CARBON; WATER; AGE C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Expt Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Pregitzer, KS (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, 1400 Townsend Ave, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 18 TC 105 Z9 126 U1 4 U2 49 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 154 IS 2 BP 267 EP 270 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00413_1.x PG 4 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 545YJ UT WOS:000175244900001 ER PT J AU King, JS Albaugh, TJ Allen, HL Buford, M Strain, BR Dougherty, P AF King, JS Albaugh, TJ Allen, HL Buford, M Strain, BR Dougherty, P TI Below-ground carbon in put to soil is control led by nutrient availability and fine root dynamics in loblolly pine SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE seasonal phenology; fine root turnover; minirhizotron; nutrient availability; water availability; loblolly pine; root dynamics ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST; NITROGEN AVAILABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ECOSYSTEMS; GROWTH; WATER; TURNOVER; BIOMASS; FERTILIZATION; RESPONSES AB Availability of growth limiting resources may alter root dynamics in forest ecosystems, possibly affecting the land-atmosphere exchange of carbon. This was evaluated for a commercially important southern timber species by installing a factorial experiment of fertilization and irrigation treatments in an 8-yr-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantation. After 3 yr of growth, production and turnover of fine, coarse and mycorrhizal root length was observed using minirhizotrons, and compared with stem growth and foliage development. Fertilization increased net production of fine roots and mycorrhizal roots, but did not affect coarse roots. Fine roots had average lifespans of 166 cl, coarse roots 294 d and mycorrhizal roots 507 d. Foliage growth rate peaked in late spring and declined over the remainder of the growing season, whereas fine roots experienced multiple growth flushes in the spring, summer and fall. We conclude that increased nutrient availability might increase carbon input to soils through enhanced fine root turnover. However, this will depend on the extent to which mycorrhizal root formation is affected, as these mycorrhizal roots have much longer average lifespans than fine and coarse roots. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Forest Nutr Cooperat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, SE Expt Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Bot, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Westvaco, Summerville, SC 29484 USA. RP King, JS (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 59 TC 153 Z9 217 U1 3 U2 48 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 154 IS 2 BP 389 EP 398 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00393.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 545YJ UT WOS:000175244900009 ER PT J AU Hunt, JR AF Hunt, JR TI Moving toward a plant-based diet: Are iron and zinc at risk? SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE phytate-containing legumes; whole grains; plant-based diet; iron; zinc ID CONSUMING CONTROLLED LACTOOVOVEGETARIAN; ASCORBIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; LACTO-OVO-VEGETARIAN; NONHEME-IRON; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; MATCHED OMNIVORES; 8 WK; ABSORPTION; STORES AB With reduced intake of meat and increased intake of phytate-containing legumes and whole grains, movement toward plant-based diets reduces dietary iron and zinc absorption. Although vegetarians have lower iron stores, adverse health effects of lower iron and zinc absorption have not been demonstrated with varied, plant-based diets consumed in developed countries. Improved assessment methods and monitoring are needed to detect and prevent possible iron and zinc deficiency with plant-based diets. C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Univ Stn, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Hunt, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Univ Stn, POB 9034, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 77 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 60 IS 5 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1301/00296640260093788 PN 1 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 551JT UT WOS:000175558000001 PM 12030275 ER PT J AU Wood, RJ AF Wood, RJ TI The "anemic" enterocyte in hereditary hemochromatosis: Molecular insights into the control of intestinal iron absorption SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE enterocyte; hereditary hemochromatosis; intestinal iron absorbtion; HFE ID CELL-SURFACE EXPRESSION; TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR; REGULATORY PROTEINS; DIETARY IRON; HFE PROTEIN; TRANSPORTER; ASSOCIATION; BETA(2)-MICROGLOBULIN; STORES; GENE AB Studies of the molecular function of HFE, the protein defective in hereditary hemochromatosis, have provided important insights into the control of intestinal iron absorption. A recent study suggests that HFE controls the recycling rate of the transferrin receptor and thereby ultimately controls the iron status of the enterocyte. In hereditary hemochromatosis, a defect in HFE causes relative iron starvation in the enterocyte leading paradoxically to the development of an "anemic" enterocyte phenotype in the midst of bountiful body iron stores. Despite ever-increasing stores of body iron, the inappropriately low iron status of the hereditary hemochromatosis enterocyte continues to drive the hyper-absorption of dietary iron, eventually leading to iron overload. C1 Tufts Univ, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Wood, RJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Mineral Bioavailabil Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 60 IS 5 BP 144 EP 148 PN 1 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 551JT UT WOS:000175558000004 PM 12030278 ER PT J AU Burton, AJ Pregitzer, KS Ruess, RW Hendrik, RL Allen, MF AF Burton, AJ Pregitzer, KS Ruess, RW Hendrik, RL Allen, MF TI Root respiration in North American forests: effects of nitrogen concentration and temperature across biomes SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE root respiration; nitrogen; temperature; Q(10); cross-biome effects ID RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE; FINE-ROOT; SOIL RESPIRATION; MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION; CO2 CONCENTRATION; CARBON; CITRUS; TREES; LEAF; POPULATIONS AB Root respiration rates have been shown to be correlated with temperature and root N concentration in studies of individual forest types or species, but it is not known how universal these relationships are across forest species adapted to widely different climatic and edaphic conditions. In order to test for broad, cross-species relationships, we measured fine root respiration, as 02 consumption, over a range of temperatures on excised root samples from ten forested study sites across North America in 1997. Significant differences existed among study sites in root respiration rates, with patterns among sites in respiration rate at a given temperature corresponding to differences among sites in fine root N concentrations. Root respiration rates were highly correlated with root N concentrations at all measurement temperatures (r(2)>0.81, P<0.001, for 6, 18 and 24degreesC). Lower root respiration rates in gymnosperms than in angiosperms were largely explained by lower fine root N concentrations in gymnosperms, and root N concentrations and respiration rates (at a given temperature) tended to be lower at warm sites (New Mexico, Florida, and Georgia) than at cool sites with short growing seasons (Michigan and Alaska). Root respiration rates increased exponentially with temperature at all sites. The Q(10) for root respiration ranged from 2.4 to 3.1, but there were no significant differences among the forest types. The average Q(10)s for gymnosperms (Q(10)=2.7) and angiosperms (Q(10)=2.6) were almost identical, as were the average Q(10)s for roots of ectomycorrhizal species (Q(10)=2.7) and arbuscular mycorrhizal species (Q(10)=2.6). In 1998, fine root respiration at the study sites was measured in the field as CO, production at ambient soil temperature. Respiration rates under field conditions were dependent on both ambient soil temperature and root N concentration. Relationships between respiration (adjusted for temperature) and root N concentration for the field measurements were similar to those observed in the 1997 laboratory experiments. For root respiration in tree species, it appears that basic relationships with temperature and nitrogen exist across species and biomes. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Georgia, DB Warnell Ssch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Conservat Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Burton, AJ (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NR 39 TC 136 Z9 210 U1 8 U2 71 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAY PY 2002 VL 131 IS 4 BP 559 EP 568 DI 10.1007/s00442-002-0931-7 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 562UU UT WOS:000176218000011 ER PT J AU Braillon, PM Buenerd, A Lapillonne, A Bouvier, R AF Braillon, PM Buenerd, A Lapillonne, A Bouvier, R TI Skeletal and total body volumes of human fetuses: assessment of reference data by spiral CT SO PEDIATRIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CT-spiral; fetus; growth; computer applications-3D; volume measurements ID FETAL WEIGHT; FEMUR LENGTH; HELICAL CT; ULTRASONIC ESTIMATION; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; BIOMETRY; ACCURACY; FORMULAS; PHANTOM; GROWTH AB Objective: To define reference data for skeletal and total body volumes of normal human fetuses. Materials and methods: Spiral CT was used to assess the skeletal and total body volumes of 31 normal human stillborn infants with gestational age (GA) and body weight ( W) ranging from 14 to 41.5 weeks and 22 to 3,760 g, respectively. CT scans (slice thickness 2.7 mm, pitch 0.7) were performed within the first 24 h after delivery. Precise bone and soft-tissue windows were defined from analysis of the density along the diaphysis of the fetal long bones and from the measurement of a phantom that mimics soft tissues. Lengths and volumes were obtained from 3D reconstructions, The femur lengths measured from CT images (FLct) were compared with those provided by US studies (FLus). Results: Significant correlations (r > 0.9) were found between BW. measured volumes of the entire skeleton or head, long-bone lengths, biparietal diameter and GA. Strong linear correlations (r > 0.98) were observed between FLct and FLus. Conclusions: Skeletal and total body volume values obtained using spiral CT were significantly correlated with fetal biometric measurements. These data could complement those obtained in obstetric investigations with US. C1 Hop Edouard Herriot, Dept Radiol, F-69437 Lyon 03, France. Univ Lyon 1, F-69437 Lyon, France. Hop Edouard Herriot, Dept Pathol, F-69437 Lyon 03, France. USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Braillon, PM (reprint author), Hop Edouard Herriot, Dept Radiol, Pavil B, F-69437 Lyon 03, France. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0301-0449 J9 PEDIATR RADIOL JI Pediatr. Radiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 32 IS 5 BP 354 EP 359 DI 10.1007/s00247-001-0644-9 PG 6 WC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Pediatrics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 550QH UT WOS:000175513400008 PM 11956724 ER PT J AU Wauchope, RD Yeh, S Linders, JBHJ Kloskowski, R Tanaka, K Rubin, B Katayama, A Kordel, W Gerstl, Z Lane, M Unsworth, JB AF Wauchope, RD Yeh, S Linders, JBHJ Kloskowski, R Tanaka, K Rubin, B Katayama, A Kordel, W Gerstl, Z Lane, M Unsworth, JB TI Pesticide soil sorption parameters: theory, measurement, uses, limitations and reliability SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE soil organic matter; soil sorption; pesticide; Freundlich isotherm; spatial variability; pesticide mobility ID DISTRIBUTED REACTIVITY MODEL; ADSORPTION-DESORPTION EQUILIBRIA; MOLECULAR CONNECTIVITY INDEXES; HYDROPHOBIC ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; WATER PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; IMMOBILIZED HUMIC-ACID; HPLC-SCREENING METHOD; SORBING POROUS-MEDIA; TIME-DEPENDENT SORPTION; 2-SITE 2-REGION MODELS AB The soil sorption coefficient K(d) and the soil organic carbon sorption coefficient K(OC) of pesticides are basic parameters used by environmental scientists and regulatory agencies worldwide in describing the environmental fate and behavior of pesticides. They are a measure of the strength of sorption of pesticides to soils and other geosorbent surfaces at the water/solid interface, and are thus directly related to both environmental mobility and persistence. K(OC) is regarded as a 'universal' parameter related to the hydrophobicity of the pesticide molecule, which applies to a given pesticide in all soils. This assumption is known to be inexact, but it is used in this way in modeling and estimating risk for pesticide leaching and runoff. In this report we examine the theory, uses, measurement or estimation, limitations and reliability of these parameters and provide some 'rules of thumb' for the use of these parameters in describing the behavior and fate of pesticides in the environment, especially in analysis by modeling. (C) 2002 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Syngenta Crop Protect, Richmond, CA USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. BBA Chem Div, Braunschweig, Germany. Sankyo Co Ltd, Yasu, Japan. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Fraunhofer Inst Mol Biol & Appl Ecol, Schmallenberg, Germany. Agr Res Org, Volcani Ctr, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Syngenta Crop Protect, Bracknell, Berks, England. Aventis CropSci, Lyon, France. RP Wauchope, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. EM don@tifton.cpes.peachnet.edu NR 391 TC 293 Z9 294 U1 8 U2 104 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 58 IS 5 BP 419 EP 445 DI 10.1002/ps.489 PG 27 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 544QK UT WOS:000175171400001 PM 11997969 ER PT J AU Palou, L Usall, J Smilanick, JL Aguilar, MJ Vinas, I AF Palou, L Usall, J Smilanick, JL Aguilar, MJ Vinas, I TI Evaluation of food additives and low-toxicity compounds as alternative chemicals for the control of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum on citrus fruit SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE citrus; postharvest decay; Penicillium; green mould; blue mould; alternative chemical control ID POSTHARVEST DECAY; GREEN MOLD; CANDIDA-SAITOANA; BICARBONATE; CALIFORNIA; RESISTANCE; GRAPEFRUIT; CARBONATE; ORANGES; APPLE AB The effectiveness of low-toxicity chemicals as possible alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the control of post-harvest green and blue moulds of citrus was evaluated. A preliminary selection of chemicals, mostly common food additives, was made through in vivo primary screenings with oranges artificially inoculated with Penicillium digitatum or P italicum. Selected compounds and mixtures were tested as heated solutions in small-scale trials. Immersion of artificially inoculated oranges or lemons for 120 s in solutions at 40.6degreesC and natural pH of potassium sorbate (0.2 m), sodium benzoate (0.2 m) or mixtures (0.1 + 0.1 m) of potassium sorbate with sodium benzoate, sodium propionate or sodium acetate were the most effective organic acid salts tested and reduced green mould by 70-80% after 7 days of storage at 20degreesC. The mixtures did not significantly enhance the effectiveness of potassium sorbate or sodium benzoate alone. These solutions were as effective as sodium carbonate or calcium polysulphide treatments and, in general, they were more effective on lemons than on oranges. Satisfactory control of green and blue moulds was obtained by dipping oranges for 150s in solutions of sodium molybdate (24.2 mM) or ammonium molybdate (1.0 mM) at 48 or 53degreesC, but not at 20degreesC. At 53degreesC, however, the effectiveness of hot water was not enhanced by either molybdate. Molybdenum salts at higher concentrations were phytotoxic and stained the fruit. At non-phytotoxic concentrations, the effectiveness of these solutions was more influenced by temperature than by concentration. In general, the inhibitory effects of all compounds tested were not fungicidal but fungistatic and not very persistent. In conclusion, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate and ammonium molybdate, among the wide range of chemicals tested, were superior for the control of post-harvest Penicillium decay of citrus fruit. (C) 2002 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. IRTA, Ctr UdL, CeRTA, Area Postcollita, Lleida 25198, Catalonia, Spain. RP Palou, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Kearney Agr Ctr, 9240 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. RI Vinas, Inmaculada/B-4096-2011; Palou, Lluis/C-9066-2012; OI Palou, Lluis/0000-0002-9385-6814; Vinas, Inmaculada/0000-0001-5182-2520 NR 43 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 28 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 58 IS 5 BP 459 EP 466 DI 10.1002/ps.477 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 544QK UT WOS:000175171400004 PM 11997972 ER PT J AU He, QR Riley, RT Sharma, RP AF He, QR Riley, RT Sharma, RP TI Pharmacological antagonism of fumonisin B-1 cytotoxicity in porcine renal epithelial cells (LLC-PK1): A model for reducing fumonisin-induced nephrotoxicity in vivo SO PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; CERAMIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITION; SPHINGOID BASE ACCUMULATION; THISTLE SILYBUM-MARIANUM; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; TNF-ALPHA; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; CARDIAC EXPRESSION; TOXICITY; APOPTOSIS AB Fumonisin B-1 is a mycotoxin commonly found on corn. It is hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic in domestic and experimental animals, and causes equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary oedema. It is a potent inhibitor of ceramide synthase. Inhibition leads to accumulation of free sphingoid bases in cells and tissues. In pig kidney epithelial cells (LLC-PK1), fumonisin B-1 induces increased tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) expression independent of the accumulation of sphingoid bases. The objective of this study was to investigate pharmacological approaches for intervening in fumonisin B-1 toxicity using the LLC-PK1 cell model. The toxicity of fumonisin B-1 was assayed using cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (lactate dehydrogenase) release. Pretreatment of cells with myriocin, preventing sphinganine accumulates, prevented the fumonisin B-1-induced decrease in cell viability and increased lactate dehydrogenase release. Modulation of adenosine receptor activity did not reduce the fumonisin B-1 cytotoxicity. As with myriocin, silymarin pretreatment prevented the fumonisin B-1-induced effects on cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase release. When added 6 or 24 hr after treatment of cells with fumonisin B-1, both myriocin and silymarin reversed the decreased cell viability and suppressed the increased lactate dehydrogenase release. Myriocin, but not silymarin, blocked the accumulation of sphinganine in fumonisin B-1-treated cells. Silymarin, unlike myriocin, induced expression of TNFa to an extent similar to fumonisin 131, but pretreatment with silymarin decreased the fumonisin B-1-induced TNFalpha expression in LLC-PK1 cells. Results suggest that the mechanisms by which myriocin and silymarin protect renal cells are different, and silymarin potentially prevents fumonisin B-1-induced toxicity by modulating TNFalpha expression or signals downstream of the inhibition of ceramide synthase. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. ARS, Toxicol & Mycotox Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Sharma, RP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09403] NR 42 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0901-9928 J9 PHARMACOL TOXICOL JI Pharmacol. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 90 IS 5 BP 268 EP 277 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0773.2002.900507.x PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 550QZ UT WOS:000175514900007 PM 12076308 ER PT J AU Lamikanra, O Richard, OA Parker, A AF Lamikanra, O Richard, OA Parker, A TI Ultraviolet induced stress response in fresh cut cantaloupe SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Cucumis melo; cucurbitaceae; phytoalexins; cantaloupe; fruit; volatiles; aroma; SPME ID VOLATILE COMPOUNDS; ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; STRAWBERRY FRUIT; BETA-IONONE; GERANYLACETONE; PHYTOALEXINS; ACCUMULATION; DERIVATIVES; RESISTANCE AB Changes in the composition of volatile compounds in cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus) as a result of UV induced stress were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Several volatile ester compounds were present, of which twenty-seven were identified in fresh cut cantaloupe. Fruit exposure to UV light decreased the concentrations of most of the aliphatic esters by over 60% of the amounts present in the corresponding fresh cut fruit. Cyclic and acyclic terpenoids, including phytoalexin compounds P-ionone, geranylacetone and terpinyl acetate, were also produced as a result of UV exposure for 15 and 60 min, respectively. beta-lonone, when added to crushed cantaloupe (0.01% w/w) completely inhibited microbial growth in the fruit for 24 h at 20 degreesC. Geranylacetone and terpinyl acetate reduced the microbial population from 6.3 x 10(8) in the untreated control to 1.2 x 10(8) and 3.5 x 10(7) CFU/g respectively. The results indicate the potential use of UV induced stress for screening cantaloupe melon cultivars for disease resistance, and as a minimal processing method to extend the shelf life of fresh cut cantaloupe products. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Lamikanra, O (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 34 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD MAY PY 2002 VL 60 IS 1 BP 27 EP 32 AR PII S0031-9422(02)00048-1 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00048-1 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 559WB UT WOS:000176047900005 PM 11985848 ER PT J AU Westphal, A Browne, GT Schneider, S AF Westphal, A Browne, GT Schneider, S TI Evidence for biological nature of the grape replant problem in California SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE methyl bromide; soil fumigation ID FLUORESCENT PSEUDOMONADS; METHYL-IODIDE; SOIL; DISEASE; FUNGI; ETIOLOGY; ROOTS; VITIS AB A bioassay was developed to investigate causes of grape replant problems under controlled conditions. Soils were collected from methyl bromide-fumigated and non-fumigated plots at a site cleared from a 65-year-old grape vineyard (Vitis vinifera cv. Thompson seedless) at Parlier, CA. Subsamples of the non-fumigated soil were either left non-treated, subjected to autoclaving (twice 45 min), or heating at 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 or 90 C for 30 min. Subsequently, the samples were placed in 120-mL pots, planted with rooted hardwood grape cuttings (V. vinifera, cv. Carignane) and placed in a greenhouse or growth chamber. Three months after transplanting, vines from non-treated or 40 degreesC-treated soil had lower shoot weights and densities of healthy lateral roots than vines from the other treatments. Pythium spp. were isolated from 45 to 55% of the plated root segments from vines grown in non-treated, or soil that had been heated at 40 or 50 degreesC but were not detected in roots from soil given other treatments. Egg masses of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne spp., were produced on roots from non- treated or heated at 40 degreesC soil, but no egg masses were detected on roots of the other treatments. In another test with the same soils, remnant roots from non- fumigated or pre-plant methyl bromide-fumigated soil were extracted and amended to non- fumigated soil, soil from fumigated field plots, soil fumigated in a small container, or autoclaved potting mix. The transfer of old vine roots from non- fumigated field soil resulted in incidence of Pythium spp. on grape assay roots, but there was no measurable effect of the transfer on growth and health of the bioassay plant roots. The results of the bioassays indicate that grape replant problem at the California site had biological causes. The bioassay approach may aid in future determinations of the etiology of grape replant problems. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, Davis, CA USA. USDA, Fresno, CA USA. RP Westphal, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAY PY 2002 VL 242 IS 2 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.1023/A:1016297603427 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 573AD UT WOS:000176806400003 ER PT J AU Bashan, Y Li, CY Lebsky, VK Moreno, M de-Bashan, LE AF Bashan, Y Li, CY Lebsky, VK Moreno, M de-Bashan, LE TI Primary colonization of volcanic rocks by plants in arid Baja California, Mexico SO PLANT BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rock colonization; rock weathering; soil formation; rock-weathering cacti ID RESOURCE-ISLAND SOILS; SONORAN DESERT; SOLUBILIZING MICROORGANISMS; PACHYCEREUS-PRINGLEI; PHOSPHATE ROCK; ORGANIC-ACIDS; GIANT CACTUS; RHIZOSPHERE; MYCORRHIZAL; ESTABLISHMENT AB In an and region of Baja California Sur, Mexico, field observations, combined with chemical and physical analyses, mineral analysis and scanning electron microscopy of unweathered and weathered volcanic rocks, revealed the presence of rock-colonizing plants (most are tree-shaped cacti, possibly rock weathering), growing in volcanic rocks without benefit of soil. Many are at the seedling stage. At least four cactus species (Pachycereus pringlei [S. Wats] Britt. and Ross, Stenocereus thurberi [Engelm.] Buxb. subsp. thurberi, Mamillaria fraileana [Britt. and Rose] Boed., Opuntia cholla F. A. C. Weber), and one tree (wild fig, Ficus palmeri [S. Wats]) were capable of cracking, growing in and colonizing cliffs and rocks formed from ancient lava flows and, consequently, forming soil for succession by other plant species. This study shows that plant colonization of volcanic rocks may assist soil formation, which eventually leads to accumulation of soil, water and nutrients in a desert terrestrial ecosystem that otherwise lacks these essential plant-growth variables. C1 Ctr Biol Res NW CIB, La Paz 23000, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Pontificia Univ Javeriana, Dept Biol, Bogota, Colombia. RP Bashan, Y (reprint author), Ctr Biol Res NW CIB, POB 128, La Paz 23000, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico. NR 37 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 12 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1435-8603 J9 PLANT BIOLOGY JI Plant Biol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 4 IS 3 BP 392 EP 402 DI 10.1055/s-2002-32337 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 566KG UT WOS:000176426800012 ER PT J AU Rojo, E Sharma, VK Kovaleva, V Raikhel, NV Fletcher, JC AF Rojo, E Sharma, VK Kovaleva, V Raikhel, NV Fletcher, JC TI CLV3 is localized to the extracellular space, where it activates the Arabidopsis CLAVATA stem cell signaling pathway SO PLANT CELL LA English DT Article ID MAIZE HOMEOBOX GENE; SHOOT MERISTEM; PREVACUOLAR COMPARTMENT; RECEPTOR-KINASE; BARLEY LECTIN; PROTEIN; REGULATOR; KNOTTED1; TRAFFICKING; EXPRESSION AB Plant growth and development depends on the activity of a continuously replenished pool of stem cells within the shoot apical meristem to supply cells for organogenesis. In Arabidopsis, the stem cell-specific protein CLAVATA3 (CLV3) acts cell nonautonomously to restrict the size of the stem cell population, but the hypothesis that CLV3 acts as an extracellular signaling molecule has not been tested. We used genetic and immunological assays to show that CLV3 localizes to the apoplast and that export to the extracellular space is required for its function in activating the CLV1/ CLV2 receptor complex. Apoplastic localization allows CLV3 to signal from the stem cell population to the organizing center in the underlying cells. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Plant Cell Biol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Plant & Microbial Biol Dept, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Raikhel, NV (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Bot & Plant Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. OI Rojo, Enrique/0000-0001-9886-2917 NR 37 TC 184 Z9 199 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 1040-4651 J9 PLANT CELL JI Plant Cell PD MAY PY 2002 VL 14 IS 5 BP 969 EP 977 DI 10.1105/tpc.002196 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences; Cell Biology GA 560ER UT WOS:000176070200002 PM 12034890 ER PT J AU Smith, RL Grando, MF Li, YY Seib, JC Shatters, RG AF Smith, RL Grando, MF Li, YY Seib, JC Shatters, RG TI Transformation of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) SO PLANT CELL REPORTS LA English DT Article DE Paspalum notatum; transgenic bahiagrass; glufosinate resistance; acquired herbicide resistance ID PLANT-REGENERATION; SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS; INTEGRATION SITES; CULTURES; DNA; OAT; EXPRESSION; CALLUS; GENES AB Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge), a forage species widely used in the southeastern United States, and from Central Mexico to Argentina, was targeted for improvement through genetic engineering. Embryogenic callus, initiated from germinating seedlings, was bombarded with a vector containing the bar selectable marker/reporter gene that confers resistance to phosphinothricin (glufosinate) herbicide (trade names Liberty, Ignite and Finale). Thirty-two transgenic plants were recovered. These plants were identified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and verified by Southern analysis. Transgenic plants with bar, as well as non-transgenic plants without bar, regenerated from bombarded callus and selected with glufosinate, developed strong and stable resistance to glufosinate during selection. This unusual resistance in non-transgenic plants has persisted for over a year and is passed on to new tillers. The development of resistance in non-transgenic cells reduced the herbicide selection efficiency and made it necessary to identify transgenic plants by PCR where the 32 transgenic plants were recovered from 674 glufosinate-resistant plants, giving a very low selection efficiency. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. ARS, USDA, USHRL, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. Univ Passo Fundo, ICB, BR-99001970 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. Univ Passo Fundo, FAMU, BR-99001970 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. RP Smith, RL (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agron, POB 110300, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0721-7714 J9 PLANT CELL REP JI Plant Cell Reports PD MAY PY 2002 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1017 EP 1021 DI 10.1007/s00299-001-0423-y PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 563NU UT WOS:000176263100004 ER PT J AU Smith, JA Blanchette, RA Ostry, ME Anderson, NA Son, A AF Smith, JA Blanchette, RA Ostry, ME Anderson, NA Son, A TI Etiology of bronze leaf disease of Populus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE ascomycetes; aspen; Diaporthales; disease resistance; Leuce section; systemic fungi AB Bronze leaf disease is a potentially destructive disorder of the Populus section of the genus Populus. The causal agent has been reported to be Apioplagiostoma populi (anamorph: Discula sp.). Based on etiological and symptomological studies, field observations of symptom development suggest that the pathogen moves systemically in the host. This was verified by graft experiments where symptoms progressed from the scion into the elongating stem. A bronze-pigmented vascular discoloration was observed in symptomatic leaves and branches. Dieback of affected stems also was common. Spore-trap studies elucidated the timing and necessary weather conditions of A. populi ascospore dispersal in relation to infection and symptom development. Exposure-tree experiments revealed that ascospores of A. populi are the primary inoculum and resulting infection causes distinctive disease symptoms on affected trees. Perithecia of A. populi were observed on overwintered symptomatic leaves, but were not observed on asymptomatic leaves, Acervular condiomata were observed on symptomatic leaves during August and September. Although A. populi ascospores germinated in vitro, A. populi was not recovered from symptomatic tissue. Isolations from diseased leaves consistently yielded Epicoccum nigrum, but the role of this species is unclear. Inoculations of susceptible plants with E. nigrum conidia failed to reproduce symptoms, but inoculations with ascospores of A. populi produced symptoms typical of bronze leaf disease and Koch's postulates were performed. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Smith, JA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 86 IS 5 BP 462 EP 469 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.5.462 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 544QH UT WOS:000175171100004 ER PT J AU Abou-Jawdah, Y Karakashian, A Sobh, H Martini, M Lee, IM AF Abou-Jawdah, Y Karakashian, A Sobh, H Martini, M Lee, IM TI An epidemic of almond witches'-broom in Lebanon: Classification and phylogenetic relationships of the associated phytoplasma SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article ID FRUIT YELLOWS PHYTOPLASMAS; CLONED DNA PROBES; PCR ASSAY; ORGANISMS; DISEASES; IDENTIFICATION; PLANTS; TREES; MLO AB An epidemic of almond witches'-broom has devastated almond production in Lebanon. Thousands of almond trees have died over the past 10 years due to the rapid spread of the disease. The symptoms, which include early flowering, stunted growth, leaf rosetting, dieback, off-season growth, proliferation of slender shoots, and witches'-brooms arising mainly from the main trunk and roots, resemble those caused by phytoplasmal infections. For the detection of the putative causal agent, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using universal primers (P1/P7, R16mF2/R16mR1, and R16F2n/R16R2) commonly used for the specific diagnosis of plant pathogenic phytoplasmas. Phytoplasmas were readily detected from infected trees with witches'-broom symptoms collected from three major almond growing regions in Lebanon. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of PCR products amplified by the primer pair R16F2n/R16R2 revealed that the phytoplasma associated with infected almonds is similar to, but distinct from, members of the pigeon pea witches'-broom phytoplasma group (16SrIX). A new subgroup, 16SrIX-B, was designated. Sequencing of the amplified products of the phytoplasma 16S rRNA gene indicated that almond witches'-broom (AlmWB) phytoplasma is most closely related to members of the pigeon pea witches'-broom phytoplasma group (with sequence homology ranging from 98.4 to 99.0%). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences from AlmWB phytoplasma and from representative phytoplasmas from GenBank showed that the AlmWB phytoplasma represents a distinct lineage within the pigeon pea witches'-broom sub-clade. The same phytoplasma appears also to infect peach and nectarine seedlings. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Agr & Food Sci, Beirut, Lebanon. RP Lee, IM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM leeim@ba.ars.usda.gov OI Abou Jawdah, Yusuf/0000-0003-4673-5822 NR 36 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 86 IS 5 BP 477 EP 484 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.5.477 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 544QH UT WOS:000175171100006 ER PT J AU Smilanick, JL Aiyabei, J Gabler, FM Doctor, J Sorenson, D Mackey, B AF Smilanick, JL Aiyabei, J Gabler, FM Doctor, J Sorenson, D Mackey, B TI Quantification of the toxicity of aqueous chlorine to spores of Penicillium digitatum and Geotrichum citri-aurantii SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Geotrichum candidum; green mold; sodium bicarbonate; sodium hypochlorite; sour rot ID GREEN MOLD; BICARBONATE; CARBONATE; REDUCTION; ORANGES AB Chlorine toxicity to Penicillium digitatum and Geotrichum citri-aurantii, causes of green mold and sour rot of citrus, respectively, was quantified. In 3% wt/vol NaHCO3 containing 200 mug free chlorine per ml at pH 8.3, 95% of P. digitatum spores died (LT95) by 180 s at 5degreesC, while only 32 s were required at 24degreesC. The LT95 of G. citri-aurantii arthrospores was 108 and 31 s at 5 and 24degreesC, respectively. Mortality slowed 2- to 4-fold for each unit of increase from pH 7 to 10. The LT95 of P. digitatum spores in 200 mug free chlorine per ml at 24degreesC at pH 7, 8, 9, and 10 was 13.2, 19.1, 29.4, and 88.4 s, respectively. The LT95 of G. citri-aurantii at pH 7, 8, 9, and 10 was 3.0, 12.6, 56.6, and 114 s, respectively. Models were prepared describing mortality. Brief immersion in 200 mug free chlorine per ml reduced viable spores of R digitatum and G. citriaurantii from 10(6) to 10(3) spores per lemon, and naturally occurring yeast and molds from 10(6) to 10(4) CFU. In fruit wound-inoculated and immersed 24 h later in water, 4,000 mug free chlorine per ml, or 3% wt/vol NaHCO3, green mold occurrence after storage was 98.5, 68.3 and 7.5%, respectively. C1 USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. Sunkist Growers, Lindsay, CA 93247 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Biometr Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Smilanick, JL (reprint author), USDA ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agr Sci Ctr, 9611 S Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648 USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 86 IS 5 BP 509 EP 514 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.5.509 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 544QH UT WOS:000175171100011 ER PT J AU Powell, MR AF Powell, MR TI A model for probabilistic assessment of phytosanitary risk reduction measures SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Ideally, a phytosanitary performance standard would be defined as a probabilistic tolerance. For treatments such as solid wood pasteurization, this could be operationalized by stating with a specific degree of confidence that the treatment failure rate for a sentinel pest should be less than a defined level (e.g., X% confidence that the wood heat treatment failure rate for pest Y does not exceed Z%). This article illustrates a probabilistic approach to developing a phytosanitary performance standard, using heat treatment of the wood-inhabiting fungus Postia placenta as an example. The uncertainty about the proportion of wood blocks in which P. placenta survives after treatment is characterized by the Beta distribution, subject to the biological constraint that survival should decrease monotonically with increased time and temperature. Monte Carlo simulation techniques are then used to generate a probabilistic response surface relating proportion survival to treatment time and temperature. This modeling approach relaxes the parametric assumptions associated with traditional statistical methods for fitting response surfaces and is more flexible than conventional methods, resulting in a better fit to the observed data. C1 USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Powell, MR (reprint author), USDA, Off Risk Assessment & Cost Benefit Anal, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 86 IS 5 BP 552 EP 557 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.5.552 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 544QH UT WOS:000175171100018 ER PT J AU Gulya, TJ Viranyi, F Appel, J Jardine, D Schwartz, HF Meyer, R AF Gulya, T. J. Viranyi, F. Appel, J. Jardine, D. Schwartz, H. F. Meyer, R. TI First Report of Albugo tragopogonis on Cultivated Sunflower in North America SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Gulya, T. J.] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND USA. [Viranyi, F.] Godollo Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Godollo, Hungary. [Appel, J.] Kansas Dept Agr, Topeka, KS 66612 USA. [Jardine, D.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. [Schwartz, H. F.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Meyer, R.] Colorado State Univ, Extens Serv, Burlington, CO 80807 USA. RP Gulya, TJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 86 IS 5 BP 559 EP U10 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.5.559A PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V09UI UT WOS:000207420900004 ER PT J AU Gulya, TJ Charlet, LD AF Gulya, T. J. Charlet, L. D. TI First Report of Puccinia xanthii on Sunflower in North America SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Gulya, T. J.; Charlet, L. D.] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Gulya, TJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 86 IS 5 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.5.564A PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V09UI UT WOS:000207420900021 ER PT J AU Gulya, TJ Stegmeier, WD AF Gulya, T. J. Stegmeier, W. D. TI First Report of Puccinia canaliculata on Sunflower SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Gulya, T. J.] ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Stegmeier, W. D.] Kansas State Univ, Agr Res Ctr, Hays, KS 67601 USA. RP Gulya, TJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 86 IS 5 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.5.559B PG 1 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V09UI UT WOS:000207420900005 ER PT J AU Thomas, PE Hassan, S AF Thomas, P. E. Hassan, S. TI First Report of Twenty-two New Hosts of Potato leafroll virus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 [Thomas, P. E.] ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crop Prod Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. [Hassan, S.] NW Frontier Prov Agr Univ, Peshawar, Pakistan. RP Thomas, PE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crop Prod Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 86 IS 5 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.5.561A PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V09UI UT WOS:000207420900012 ER PT J AU Thomas, PE AF Thomas, P. E. TI First Report of Solanum sarrachoides (Hairy Nightshade) as an Important Host of Potato leafroll virus SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT News Item C1 ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crop Prod Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Thomas, PE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable & Forage Crop Prod Unit, 24106 N Bunn Rd, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 86 IS 5 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2002.86.5.559C PG 2 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V09UI UT WOS:000207420900006 ER PT J AU Drewa, PB Platt, WJ Moser, EB AF Drewa, PB Platt, WJ Moser, EB TI Community structure along elevation gradients in headwater regions of longleaf pine savannas SO PLANT ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE baygalls; classification; ordination; seepage bogs; southeastern United States; titi/cypress swamps ID FIRE SEASON; VEGETATION; FOREST; SOIL; GRASSLANDS; ORDINATION; DIVERSITY; DYNAMICS; HABITAT; SHRUBS AB Savanna community structure has been described mostly at the regional level worldwide. Quantitative descriptions of vegetation patterns and relationships with substrate characteristics at more localized scales have received less attention. Our primary objective was to examine the distributions of herbs and shrubs/trees along local topographic gradients in headwater regions of longleaf pine savannas in the southeastern United States. We also examined whether herb patterns were structurally similar to those of shrubs/trees along the same topographic gradients and whether patterns were correlated with edaphic factors. Abundance data were collected within quadrats placed along transects from upslope savannas through mid-slope seepage bogs into lower-slope shrub/tree zones within Louisiana and Florida. beta-flexible cluster analysis and nonmetric multidimensional scaling were used to delineate herbaceous species communities. Ordination was performed separately on shrub/tree abundance data. The herb-based classifications were also used to delineate shrub/tree communities, providing an indirect means of comparing herb to shrub/tree distributions. In Louisiana, three herbaceous communities were sharply delineated along elevation gradients of several meters and were strongly correleated with soil moisture. In Florida, three similar herbaceous communities were less discrete along elevation gradients of < 1 meter. In both regions, shrub/tree distributions were much broader and appeared less sensitive than herbs to changes in environmental gradients. Coefficients of variation indicated that, in general, herbaceous species were more narrowly distributed than shrubs/trees along localized elevation gradients in both Louisiana and Florida. Alterations of fire regimes (fire suppression, dormant-season fires) may have resulted in expanded distributions of shrubs/trees, but not herbs. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Expt Stat, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Drewa, PB (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Jornada Expt Range, USDA ARS, MSC 3JER,Box 30003, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. EM pdrewa@nmsu.edu NR 93 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-0237 J9 PLANT ECOL JI Plant Ecol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 160 IS 1 BP 61 EP 78 DI 10.1023/A:1015875828742 PG 18 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA 562DG UT WOS:000176181700006 ER PT J AU Carlson, SJ Chourey, PS Helentjaris, T Datta, R AF Carlson, SJ Chourey, PS Helentjaris, T Datta, R TI Gene expression studies on developing kernels of maize sucrose synthase (SuSy) mutants show evidence for a third SuSy gene SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE endosperm; gene expression; sucrose synthase; sugar metabolism; SuSy mutants; Zea mays ID MINIATURE1 SEED LOCUS; ZEA-MAYS-L; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE; DEVELOPING ENDOSPERM; DAUCUS-CAROTA; TOMATO FRUIT; STARCH; MUTATION; CLONING AB Previous studies have identified two tissue- and cell-specific, yet functionally redundant, sucrose synthase (SuSy) genes, Sh1 and Sus1, which encode biochemically similar isozymes, SH1 and SUS1 (previously referred to as SS1 and SS2, respectively). Here we report evidence for a third SuSy gene in maize, Sus3, which is more similar to dicot than to monocot SuSys. RNA and/or protein blot analyses on developing kernels and other tissues show evidence of expression of Sus3, although at the lowest steady-state levels of the three SuSy gene products and without a unique pattern of tissue specificity. Immunoblots of shlsusl-l embryos that are either lacking or deficient for the embryo-specific SUS1 protein have shown a protein band which we attribute to the Sus3 gene, and may contribute to the residual enzyme activity seen in embryos of the double mutant. We also studied developing seeds of the double mutant shlsusl-l, which is missing 99.5% of SuSy enzyme activity, for evidence of co-regulation of several genes of sugar metabolism. We found a significant reduction in the steady-state levels of Miniature-1 encoded cell wall invertase2, and Sucrose transporter (Sut) mRNAs in the double mutant. relative to the lineage-related shlSusl and shlSusl kernels. Down-regulation of the MW gene was also reflected in significant reductions in cell wall invertase activity. Co-regulatory changes were not seen in the expression of Sucrose phosphate synthase, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. C1 ARS, Crop Genet & Environm Res Unit, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. Univ Florida, Program Plant Mol & Cellular Biol, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Pioneer HiBred Int Inc, Agron Traits TTD, Johnston, IA 50131 USA. RP ARS, Crop Genet & Environm Res Unit, USDA, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM psch@gnv.ifas.ufl.edu OI Datta, Rupali/0000-0002-4117-0511 NR 55 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4412 EI 1573-5028 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL JI Plant Mol.Biol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 49 IS 1 BP 15 EP 29 DI 10.1023/A:1014457901992 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 546KF UT WOS:000175272700002 PM 12008896 ER PT J AU Vilhar, B Kladnik, A Blejec, A Chourey, PS Dermastia, M AF Vilhar, B Kladnik, A Blejec, A Chourey, PS Dermastia, M TI Cytometrical evidence that the loss of seed weight in the miniature1 seed mutant of maize is associated with reduced mitotic activity in the developing endosperm SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-DIVISION; ENDOREDUPLICATION; METABOLISM; PEDICEL C1 Univ Ljubljana, Dept Biol, Biotech Fac, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Natl Inst Biol, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Dermastia, M (reprint author), Univ Ljubljana, Dept Biol, Biotech Fac, Vecna Pot 111, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. RI Kladnik, Ales/B-6045-2008; Blejec, Andrej/A-8470-2010 OI Kladnik, Ales/0000-0002-3466-0088; Blejec, Andrej/0000-0001-7484-6031 NR 21 TC 83 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 129 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1104/pp.001826 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 554XG UT WOS:000175762000005 PM 12011334 ER PT J AU Sharma, VK Fletcher, JC AF Sharma, VK Fletcher, JC TI Maintenance of shoot and floral meristem cell proliferation and fate SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REPEAT RECEPTOR KINASE; CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON; APICAL MERISTEM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENE ENCODES; FLOWER DEVELOPMENT; EMBRYOGENESIS; PROTEIN; WUSCHEL; CLAVATA3 C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Plant & Microbial Biol Dept, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Fletcher, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Plant & Microbial Biol Dept, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 45 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 129 IS 1 BP 31 EP 39 DI 10.1104/pp.010987 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 554XG UT WOS:000175762000006 PM 12011335 ER PT J AU Shellie, KC AF Shellie, KC TI Ultra-low oxygen refrigerated storage of 'rio red' grapefruit: fungistatic activity and fruit quality SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE citrus; decay; postharvest; green mold; controlled atmosphere; storage; quality ID DISINFESTATION; ATMOSPHERES; RESPONSES AB Green mold development during refrigerated storage was suppressed, but not eradicated, by reducing the oxygen (O-2) concentration of the storage atmosphere from 21 to 0.10-0.05 kPa (ULO). The flavor and external appearance of grapefruit stored for 21 days at 14 C under ULO, and 14 additional days in air at 23 degreesC was rated acceptable yet inferior to grapefruit stored similarly in air. A rind disorder developed as a post-hypoxic injury, especially on early-season, degreened grapefruit. The disorder was associated with an ULO-related increase in fruit acetaldehyde concentration. ULO may provide non-chemical suppression of green mold inside refrigerated marine containers en route to distant markets and postharvest insect control, but conditions must be optimized to avoid deleterious effects on fruit market quality. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Shellie, KC (reprint author), Univ Idaho, USDA ARS, Parma Res & Extens Ctr 29603, U I Lane, Parma, ID 83660 USA. NR 27 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 73 EP 85 AR PII S0925-5214(01)00159-4 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(01)00159-4 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 554MA UT WOS:000175738400009 ER PT J AU Emara, MG Lapierre, RR Greene, GM Knieriem, M Rosenberger, JK Pollock, DL Sadjadi, M Kim, CD Lillehoj, HS AF Emara, MG Lapierre, RR Greene, GM Knieriem, M Rosenberger, JK Pollock, DL Sadjadi, M Kim, CD Lillehoj, HS TI Phenotypic variation among three broiler pure lines for Marek's disease, coccidiosis, and antibody response to sheep red blood cells SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE broiler chicken; coccidiosis; Marek's disease; sheep red blood cells; disease resistance ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; WHOLE GENOME SCAN; ACUTE CECAL COCCIDIOSIS; MEAT-TYPE CHICKENS; FED TYPICAL 1957; GENETIC-CONTROL; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; EIMERIA-ACERVULINA; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; EGG-PRODUCTION AB To identify candidate genes, chicken lines with the most divergent phenotypes are usually crossed to generate resource mapping populations, for example, either backcrossed or F-2 populations. Linkage between the genetic marker and the phenotypic trait locus is then tested in the mapping population. As an initial step in the development of a mapping population from commercial broilers, the goal of the current research was to evaluate the phenotypic variation among three pure lines for antibody response to SRBC and in resistance to two economically important poultry diseases, Marek's disease (MD) and coccidiosis (Eimeria acervulina). Chicks from each line were received and separated into three experimental studies to evaluate each of their responses. In summary, broiler Line 3 had significantly lower antibody responses to SRBC immunizations compared to the other two lines, and nonvaccinated birds from Line 3 were also more susceptible to MD. With coccidiosis, the response was complex, and ranking of the lines was dependent on the age of infection, and whether it was a first or second challenge. With the first challenge, Line 1 was most susceptible at the younger age (Day 30), whereas Line 3 was susceptible at the older age (Day 58). Upon the second challenge, broiler Line 1 remained susceptible at the younger age, but Line 2 was more susceptible at the older age. Line 3 was completely resistant to the second challenge at the older age. Thus, although the broiler lines have been intensively selected for productivity and general livability, this study also demonstrates that the lines differ for immune response and disease resistance. Based on the phenotypic differences between Lines I and 3, they were chosen to establish a mapping population for identifying candidate genes that affect MD and coccidiosis in commercial broiler chickens. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. Perdue Farms Inc, Salisbury, MD 21802 USA. ARS, USDA, Parasite Biol Epidemiol Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Emara, MG (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Anim & Food Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. NR 48 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 81 IS 5 BP 642 EP 648 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 550TA UT WOS:000175517600007 PM 12033413 ER PT J AU Jones, DR Anderson, KE Curtis, PA Jones, FT AF Jones, DR Anderson, KE Curtis, PA Jones, FT TI Microbial contamination in inoculated shell eggs: I. Effects of layer strain and hen age SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE egg; Salmonella enteritidis; Pseudomonas fluorescens; pathogen; spoilage ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS AB Three Ottawa control strains and a current commercial laying stock were reared and housed under identical environmental and management conditions. Eggs were collected from each strain when hens were 32, 45,58,71, and 84 wk of age. The eggs were inoculated with Salmonella enteritidis (SE), Pseudomonas fluorescens (PF), or a combination of the two. After storage at 26 C, bacterial counts were obtained from the exterior shell surfaces (rinse), air cell, egg contents, and shell structure. SE and PF survived at different rates on the shell surface with as much as a I log difference during a given collection period. Egg content counts tended to be higher than eggshell counts in PF, whereas the opposite was true for SE. These data suggest that PF is a primary invader of eggs that is more capable of contaminating egg contents through the shell membranes than SE. The PF and SE data suggest that bacterial contamination of air cells, shells, and egg contents is more easily achieved in eggs from older hens than from younger hens. There were also differences between the strains. Control Strain 10 consistently maintained a lower level of contamination for both organisms in each sampling location. The overall results of this study suggest that genetic selection has altered the ability of eggs to resist microbial contamination and that screening for microbial integrity should be considered in the selection process among the laying egg breeders. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Jones, DR (reprint author), ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 20 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 81 IS 5 BP 715 EP 720 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 550TA UT WOS:000175517600017 PM 12033423 ER PT J AU Jones, DR Tharrington, JB Curtis, PA Anderson, KE Keener, KM Jones, FT AF Jones, DR Tharrington, JB Curtis, PA Anderson, KE Keener, KM Jones, FT TI Effects of cryogenic cooling of shell eggs on egg quality SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cryogenic cooling; Haugh unit; egg grade; vitelline membrane ID SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; HENS AB This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cryogenic cooling on shell egg quality. Gaseous nitrogen (GN), liquid nitrogen (LN), and gaseous carbon dioxide (GC) were utilized to rapidly cool eggs in a commercial egg processing facility and were compared to traditional cooling (TC). A modified food freezer was attached to existing egg processing equipment in order to expose eggs to the selected cryogen. In Experiment 1, eggs were treated with GN, LN, and TC then stored and tested over 10 wk. Experiment 2 eggs were treated (GC and TC) and evaluated for 12 wk. Quality factors that were measured included Haugh units, vitelline membrane strength and deformation at rupture, and USDA shell egg grades for quality defects. Haugh unit values were greater for cryogenically treated eggs as compared to traditionally cooled eggs (Experiment 1: 73.27, GN; 72.03, LN; and 71.4, TC and Experiment 2: 74.422, GC and 70.18, TC). The percentage of loss eggs in the GN treatment was significantly (P < 0.01) greater than those of the LN and TC treatments. Vitelline membrane strength was greater for the cryogenically cooled eggs versus traditional processing. Vitelline membrane breaking strength decreased over storage time. Vitelline membrane deformation at rupture was significantly (P < 0.05) greater for the cryogenically cooled eggs compared to the traditional eggs in each experiment. Use of the technology could allow for egg quality to be maintained for a longer time, which could increase international markets and potentially lead to extended shelf lives. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Jones, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 9 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 81 IS 5 BP 727 EP 733 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 550TA UT WOS:000175517600019 PM 12033425 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Jackson, WG Robson, GA AF Burke, JM Jackson, WG Robson, GA TI Seasonal changes in body weight and condition, and pregnancy and lambing rates of sheep on endophyte-infected tall fescue in the south-eastern United States SO SMALL RUMINANT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bermudagrass forage; reproduction; sheep; tall fescue ID PROLACTIN CONCENTRATIONS; PLASMA PROLACTIN; TOXICOSIS; COWS; CHOLESTEROL; RESPONSES; PASTURES; GROWTH; ONSET; EWE AB The objective of these studies was to evaluate the seasonal maintenance of body weight (BW) and condition, signs of fescue toxicosis, and reproductive performance of straightbred and cross-bred hair sheep grazing tall fescue or bermudagrass forage. Breeds examined were St. Croix (SC), Romanov (ROM) and cross-bred ewes. BW was measured in the summer (1998-2000) and the fall (1999) on ewes grazing bermudagrass overseeded with ryegrass (BER) or tall fescue (FES) forage. Body condition score (BCS) and serum prolactin concentrations were determined in the summer (1999, 2000) and fall (1999). Pregnancy and lambing rates of a summer and fall (1999) breeding season and pregnancy rates of the spring (2000) breeding season were recorded. BW and BCS reflected seasonal differences related to the forage availability of BER and FES, seasonal variations in toxins of FES forage and breed differences. At all times, serum prolactin concentrations were reduced in ewes grazing FES pastures (P < 0.01), with the exception of the summer of 1999, where cross-bred yearling ewes maintained on FES exhibited an increase in prolactin level compared to those grazing on BER forage (forage x breed; P < 0.05). Pregnancy and lambing rates were similar for forage treatments, with the exception of a reduction in reproductive rate in yearling cross-bred ewes maintained on FES in summer (1999; P < 0.05). Birth and weaning weights of lambs were similar for suckling ewes maintained on BER and FES forage. These experiments demonstrated that, in contrast to cattle, BCS of SC, ROM and cross-bred ewes can be maintained in an acceptable range with either BER or FES forage. Pregnancy rate may be reduced in yearling, but not the older ewes maintained on FES forage. Birth weights and growth of lambs of mature ewes were similar for the forage treatments. It is recommended that breeding of yearling ewes occur on pastures free of endophyte-infected tall fescue. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. RP Burke, JM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4488 J9 SMALL RUMINANT RES JI Small Ruminant Res. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 44 IS 2 BP 141 EP 151 AR PII S0921-4488(02)00045-7 DI 10.1016/S0921-4488(02)00045-7 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 560PM UT WOS:000176090500008 ER PT J AU Schnabel, RR Dell, CJ Shaffer, JA AF Schnabel, RR Dell, CJ Shaffer, JA TI Filter, inoculum and time effects on measurements of biodegradable water soluble organic carbon in soil SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biodegradable organic carbon; carbon measurement; filtration methods; soil organic carbon; water soluble carbon ID FOREST; FRACTIONS; MATTER AB The biodegradation of organic carbon drives biogeochemical cycles. Incubations of water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) are popular tests for determining the amount of readily biodegradable organic carbon, However, tests differ in length of incubation, filtration prior to incubation, and method of incubation. We compared the fraction of biodegradable water soluble organic carbon (BWSOC) in soil by varying these factors. With all combinations, WSOC decreased to a minimum during the first 6 days then consistently increased at the later stages of the incubation. The mean BWSOC content of the soils ranged from 0,13 to 3.54, and depended on the length of the incubation and the combination of Filters used before and after incubation. Similar amounts of BWSOC were measured during aerobic and anaerobic incubations. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, PSWMRU, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Dell, CJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSWMRU, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 34 IS 5 BP 737 EP 739 AR PII S0038-0717(01)00223-1 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00223-1 PG 3 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 553CW UT WOS:000175658800022 ER PT J AU Layese, MF Clapp, CE Allmaras, RR Linden, DR Copeland, SM Molina, JAE Dowdy, RH AF Layese, MF Clapp, CE Allmaras, RR Linden, DR Copeland, SM Molina, JAE Dowdy, RH TI Current and relic carbon using natural abundance carbon-13 SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE current C; relic C; natural abundance C-13; tillage; crop residue; harvest; soybean; corn; N fertility ID SOIL ORGANIC-MATTER; CORN RESIDUE CARBON; C-13 ABUNDANCE; CULTIVATED OXISOLS; DYNAMICS; TILLAGE; TURNOVER; FERTILIZATION; MINNESOTA; STORAGE AB The role of agricultural practices on soil carbon (C) dynamics is critical to improved soil management. Our main objective was to examine the C interactions resulting from crop changes under different tillage and residue treatments. Tillage choices were no-till (NT), moldboard plow (NI-B), and chisel plow (CH); residue options were residue harvested (h) and residue returned (r); and N fertilization rates were 0 and 200 kg N ha(-1), applied annually only during the corn (Zea mays L.) (C-4 plant) years. Soil samples were taken from a long-term experiment representing 13 years of continuous corn followed by 4 years of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (C-3 plant). Samples taken at 5-cm depth increments to either 45 cm (yr-13) or 30 cm (yr-17) and at 15-cm depth increments thereafter, down to 90 cm, were analyzed for C and natural abundance C-13 (delta(13)C). Specific objectives were to show: (i) differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) and delta(13)C caused by crop change; (ii) distributions of SOC and delta(13)C with depth at yr-13 and yr-17; and (iii) how much of the SOC, after 4 years of soybean, was current C (soybean-derived) and how much was relic C (after 13 yr of corn and earlier grass crops). There were three depth zones: 0 to 20, 20 to 40, and 40 to 90 cm. SOC decreased with depth, but in the 20- to 40-cm zone the decrease was relatively rapid. Values of delta(13)C increased with depth, except at depths greater than 40 cm when delta(13)C tended to decrease. Differences in SOC and delta(13)C caused by crop change generally occurred in the upper 20 cm. Decreases in SOC and delta(13)C under NT and CH as a result of crop change occurred at the very surface, whereas under MB, the decrease occurred down to 25 cm. The contribution of soybean to SOC ranged from -6 to 27%. When residues were returned, SOC in the 0- to 5-cm depth increased under NT (about 26%) and CH (about 19%). Under MB, the measured contribution of soybean at any 5-cm increment within the upper 25 cm was less than 8%; however, at the 25- to 30-cm depth with residue harvested, the contribution was greater than 14%. Except for the very surface of NTr and CHr and at the 25- to 30-cm depth under MBh, the SOC within the profile was predominantly relic C. A positive interaction between N application and corn residues returned showed that N could not sustain SOC without residue return. This interaction carried a residual through the soybean period, yet no N was applied to soybean. An overall relation between yr-13 and yr-17 suggested a 24% reduced SOC after soybean. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Clapp, CE (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. OI molina, jean-alex/0000-0002-5510-3109 NR 23 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 167 IS 5 BP 315 EP 326 DI 10.1097/00010694-200205000-00002 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 557XR UT WOS:000175934800002 ER PT J AU Petersen, SO Frohne, PS Kennedy, AC AF Petersen, SO Frohne, PS Kennedy, AC TI Dynamics of a soil microbial community under spring wheat SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FATTY-ACID ANALYSIS; EXTRACTION METHODS; UREA HYDROLYSIS; WATER-CONTENT; NO-TILL; BIOMASS; NITROGEN; FUMIGATION; CARBON; ENVIRONMENT AB In arable systems, seasonal fluctuations of microbiological properties can be significant. We hypothesized that adaptation to soil environmental conditions may contribute to the variation observed, and this was examined by characterization of different microbial community attributes under a range of soil conditions. Soil was sampled from no-till and chisel-tilled fields within a long-term experiment in eastern Washington during growth of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum). The range of soil environmental conditions covered was extended by amendment of crop residues. Soil samples were characterized with respect to biomass N and biomass P, substrate utilization dynamics, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles and whole-soil fatty acid (MIDI-FA) profiles, and with respect to soil environmental variables (bulk density, soil organic C [SOC], temperature, moisture, and inorganic N and P). Bacterial and fungal lipid biomarkers were negatively correlated (P < 0.001), confirming that these subsets of fatty acids are associated with contrasting components of the microbial biomass. Biomass N was closely associated with soil conditions, notably N availability. The proportion of substrates used with no apparent lag phase decreased during summer and was negatively correlated with lipid stress indicators. Cyclopropyl fatty acids accounted for more than 60% of the variation in bacteria] PLFA. These observations suggest that adaptation to environmental stresses was partly responsible for the microbial dynamics observed. Tillage practice had little effect on the relationships between soil conditions and microbiological properties. The results showed that MIDI-FA included a significant background of nonmicrobial material and was less sensitive to soil environmental conditions than PLFA. C1 Danish Inst Agr Sci, Dept Crop Physiol & Soil Sci, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Land Management & Water Conservat Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Petersen, SO (reprint author), Danish Inst Agr Sci, Dept Crop Physiol & Soil Sci, POB 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark. EM soren.o.petersen@agrsci.dk RI Petersen, Soren /E-9714-2016 NR 58 TC 71 Z9 81 U1 5 U2 30 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 BP 826 EP 833 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 546RU UT WOS:000175288300017 ER PT J AU Halvorson, AD Wienhold, BJ Black, AL AF Halvorson, AD Wienhold, BJ Black, AL TI Tillage, nitrogen, and cropping system effects on soil carbon sequestration SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; SEMIARID SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN; SPRING WHEAT RESPONSE; ORGANIC-MATTER; CLAY SOIL; QUALITY ATTRIBUTES; FALLOW-FREQUENCY; REDUCED TILLAGE; BROWN CHERNOZEM; WINTER-WHEAT AB Soil C sequestration can improve soil quality and reduce agriculture's contribution to CO(2) emissions. The long-term (12 yr) effects of tillage system and N fertilization on crop residue production and soil organic C (SOC) sequestration in two dryland cropping systems in North Dakota on a loam soil were evaluated. An annual cropping (AC) rotation [spring wheat (SW) (Triticum aestivum L.)-winter wheat (WW)-sunflower (SF) (Helianthus annuus L.)] and a spring wheat-fallow (SW-F) rotation were studied. Tillage systems included conventional-till (CT), minimum-till (MT), and no-till (NT). Nitrogen rates were 34, 67, and 101 kg N ha(-1) for the AC system and 0, 22, and 45 kg N ha(-1) for the SW-F system. Total crop residue returned to the soil was greater with AC than with SW-F. As tillage intensity decreased, SOC sequestration increased (NT > MT > CT) in the AC system but not in the SW-F system. Fertilizer N increased crop residue quantity returned to the soil, but generally did not increase SOC sequestration in either cropping system. Soil bulk density decreased with increasing tillage intensity in both systems. The results suggest that continued use of a crop-fallow farming system, even with NT, may result in loss of SOC. With NT, an estimated 233 kg C ha(-1) was sequestered each year in AC system, compared with 25 kg C ha(-1) with MT and a loss of 141 kg C ha(-1) with CT. Conversion from crop-fallow to more intensive cropping systems utilizing NT will be needed to have a positive impact on reducing CO(2) loss from croplands in the northern Great Plains. C1 USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Canon City, CO 81212 USA. RP Halvorson, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB E, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM adhalvor@lamar.colostate.edu NR 44 TC 263 Z9 289 U1 15 U2 108 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 BP 906 EP 912 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 546RU UT WOS:000175288300026 ER PT J AU Merrill, SD Tanaka, DL Hanson, JD AF Merrill, SD Tanaka, DL Hanson, JD TI Root length growth of eight crop species in haplustoll soils SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MINIRHIZOTRON; WHEAT; CORN; DENSITY; DROUGHT; DEPTH AB Quantifying the dynamics of root growth is necessary for knowledge about development of rhizoplane and rhizosphere structure, and will indicate potentials for soil C sequestration and for water and nutrient usage. Root growth was measured during 3 yr in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on fallow and in seven crops in spring wheat-winter wheat-alternative crop rotation under minimum tillage on Wilton silt loam (fine silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Pachic Haplustolls). Two types of minirhizotrons (standard [Stand MR] and pressurized-wall [P-wall MR]) were read with a micro-video camera. Average maximum rooting depths fell into agronomic groups: oilseeds safflower (Carthamus tinctoris L.), 1.64 m, and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), 1.45 m; spring wheat, 1.31 m; mustard family crops crambe (Crambe abysinnica Hochst. ex R. E. Fr.), 1.17 m, and canola (Brassica rapa), 1.13 m; and legumes dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), 1.00 m, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], 0.99 m, and dry pea (Pisum sativum L.), 0.99 m. Median depths of root length growth ranged from 0.92 m for safflower to 0.46 m for dry bean, and ratios of median to maximum depths averaged 0.51. Six out of eight crops showed greatest rooting depths in relatively wet 1995, likely because of wetter subsoil. Greatest total root length in safflower, crambe, canola, soybean and dry bean occurred in drier-than-average 1997, which is interpreted as a response to soil water deficit. Results indicate that diverse crop rotations have the potential to utilize water and nutrients and input C over different soil profile positions than spring wheat-based monocropping. C1 USDA ARS, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Merrill, SD (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. NR 33 TC 77 Z9 82 U1 4 U2 26 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 BP 913 EP 923 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 546RU UT WOS:000175288300027 ER PT J AU Gilker, RE Weil, RR Krizek, DT Momen, B AF Gilker, RE Weil, RR Krizek, DT Momen, B TI Eastern gamagrass root penetration in adverse subsoil conditions SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AERENCHYMA FORMATION; ACID SOIL; RESISTANCE; ALUMINUM; GROWTH AB Eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L] (EG) is reported to exhibit acid tolerance and root penetration through claypans. To study its root growth in these conditions, a greenhouse column study was conducted under simulated soil stress conditions, using EG and sordan [Sorghum X drummondii (Stead.) Millsp. & Chase] as a comparison species. Treatments consisted of incomplete factorial combinations of plant species (EG and sordan), soil water potential (-10 and -300 kPa), lime (pH 3.5 and 4.8), and soil bulk density (D-b) (1.3 and 1.7 g cm(-3)). The treatments were arranged as a randomized complete block design (RCBD). For some of the response variables that were analyzed at different depths, depth was considered as a subplot factor. Treatments were applied to AI-toxic Tatum Bt horizon material (clayey, fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults) used in the middle 30-cm section of 15 by 60-cm polyvinyl Cl (PVC) columns. Soil strength was determined at harvest by cone penetrometer resistance. Results indicated that EG tolerated acid, Al-toxic conditions, while sordan roots were sensitive to the low pH conditions. Eastern gamagrass roots penetrated high soil strength layers that inhibited sordan root growth. The characteristics of acid, Al tolerance, and penetration of high soil strength make EG valuable in establishing grassed buffers, vegetative conservation barriers, and pastures in extremely acid or dense soils. C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, ANRI, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Gilker, RE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, 1112 HJ Patterson, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 3 BP 931 EP 938 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 546RU UT WOS:000175288300029 ER PT J AU McMaster, GS Palic, DB Dunn, GH AF McMaster, GS Palic, DB Dunn, GH TI Soil management alters seedling emergence and subsequent autumn growth and yield in dryland winter wheat-fallow systems in the Central Great Plains on a clay loam soil SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE wheat; Triticum aestivum; seedling emergence; tillage; residue cover ID SPRING WHEAT; GRAIN-YIELD; VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; RESIDUE MANAGEMENT; PHENOLOGY; NITROGEN; TEMPERATURE; COMPONENTS; CULTIVARS AB Stand establishment and subsequent autumn development and growth are important determinants of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield. Soil management practices change soil properties and conditions, which alter seedling emergence, crop development and growth. Pre-plant soil management practices were studied for 6 years in a wheat-fallow rotation in eastern Colorado, USA, to isolate the impacts of pre-plant tillage (PT) and residue level on winter wheat seedling emergence and autumn development and growth. A split plot design was used with PT, using a moldboard plow that incorporated surface residue, and with no-tillage (NT). The tillage systems represented the main plots and three residue levels within each tillage treatment as subplots: no residue (OR), normal residue (1R) and twice-normal residue (2R). Residue amount had little effect on emergence or autumn growth and development. PT resulted in soil water loss from the plow zone, NT plots had more favorable soil water levels in the seeding zone which resulted in faster, more uniform and greater seedling emergence in 4 out of the 6 years. This is especially critical for stand establishment in years with low rainfall after planting. Soil or air temperature did not account for differences among treatments. Earlier and greater seedling emergence in NT treatments resulted in greater autumn development and growth. Shoot biomass, tiller density and leaf numbers were greater in NT, and again residue amount had little effect. At spring green-up, NT treatments had greater soil water in the profile. Grain yield was always equal or greater in NT than in PT, and positively correlated with earlier/greater seedling emergence and autumn growth. NT will enhance soil protection and likely increase snow catch, reduce evaporation and benefit yield in semiarid eastern Colorado. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.. C1 USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP McMaster, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Great Plains Syst Res, POB E, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 65 IS 2 BP 193 EP 206 AR PII S0167-1987(01)00287-2 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(01)00287-2 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 546ZL UT WOS:000175307100006 ER PT J AU Ahn, SE Plantinga, AJ Alig, RJ AF Ahn, SE Plantinga, AJ Alig, RJ TI Determinants and projections of land use in the South Central United States SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE land use; resource planning assessment; projections of forest area; land rents AB This article presents historical trends and future projections of forest, agricultural, and urban/ other land uses for the South Central region of the United States. An econometric land use model is used to investigate the relationship between the areas of land in alternative uses and economic and demographic factors influencing land use decisions. Determinants of land use included in the model are the net returns from different land uses, land quality, and demographic variables such as population density. Given projections of stumpage prices and population, the fitted econometric models are used to generate projections of future land use to the year 2050. Under a scenario in which population changes in the future, but stumpage prices remain constant, urban/other land increases by 2.2 million ac from 1992 to 2050. More private timberland (1.8 million ac) than agricultural land (0.4 million ac) is converted to urban/other land to accommodate the population increase. Under a scenario of population growth and 0.5% annual increases in stumpage prices, private timberland increases from 101.7 million ac to 107.2 million ac by 2050, and the urban/other land increases by 1. 3 million ac. Agricultural land declines by almost 7 million ac, mirroring the increases in the urban/other land and private timberland. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ahn, SE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 26 IS 2 BP 78 EP 84 PG 7 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 579NF UT WOS:000177184200003 ER PT J AU Kline, JD Butler, BJ Alig, RJ AF Kline, JD Butler, BJ Alig, RJ TI Tree planting in the south: What does the future hold? SO SOUTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE nonindustrial private forest owners; forest industry; cost-share programs; carbon sequestration; Renewable Resources Planning Act ID PRIVATE; OBJECTIVES; INVESTMENT AB Projected increasing demands for timber coupled with reduced harvests on public lands have led to concern among some forest policymakers regarding the adequacy of future U.S. timber supplies. One question concerns the likelihood that prevailing market incentives will induce industrial and nonindustrial private landowners to intensify forest management. We develop empirical models of historical tree planting in the southern United States as functions of economic variables and federal cost sharing. We use the models to test whether tree planting has been measurably different in recent years and to make 50 yr projections of future tree planting. Harvest rates, tree planting costs, and federal cost-sharing are shown to be important factors affecting nonindustrial private tree planting, while harvest rates, land values, and interest rates are important factors affecting industrial tree planting. Nonindustrial private tree planting is projected to decline gradually with anticipated rising planting costs and continuation of lower levels of federal tree planting cost-share assistance. Industrial tree planting is projected to rise gradually with anticipated increasing industrial harvest rates. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA USA. RP Kline, JD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jkline@fs.fed.us NR 29 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0148-4419 J9 SOUTH J APPL FOR JI South. J. Appl. For. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 26 IS 2 BP 99 EP 107 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 579NF UT WOS:000177184200006 ER PT J AU Burgoon, JM Selhub, J Nadeau, M Sadler, TW AF Burgoon, JM Selhub, J Nadeau, M Sadler, TW TI Investigation of the effects of folate deficiency on embryonic development through the establishment of a folate deficient mouse model SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOLIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; CONOTRUNCAL HEART-DEFECTS; OROFACIAL CLEFTS; PERICONCEPTIONAL SUPPLEMENTATION; MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY; LACTOBACILLUS-CASEI; MULTIVITAMIN USE; SERUM FOLATE; RAT EMBRYOS AB Background: Folic acid (FA) has been shown to reduce the incidence of neural tube, craniofacial, and cardiovascular defects and low birth weight. The mechanism(s) by which the vitamin is effective, however has not been determined. Therefore, a folic acid deficient mouse model was developed. Methods: To create a folic acid deficiency, ICR female mice were placed on a diet containing no FA and including 1% succinyl sulfathiazole (SS) for 4 weeks before mating. Control mice were fed diets with either: 1) FA and 1% SS [+ SS only diet]; 2) FA [normal diet]; or 3) a breeding diet. Dams and fetuses were examined during various days of gestation. Results: Blood analysis showed that by gestational day 18, plasma folate concentrations in the -FA+SS fed dams decreased to 1.13 ng/ml, a concentration approximately 3% of that in breeding diet fed dams (33.24 ng//ml) and 8% of that in +SS only/normal fed dams (13.59 ng/ml). RBC folate levels showed a similar decrease, whereas homocysteine concentrations increased. Reproductive outcome in the -FA+SS fed dams was poor with increased fetal deaths, decreased fetal weight, and delays in palate and heart development. Conclusions: Female mice fed a folic acid deficient diet and 1% succinyl sulfathiazole exhibited many of the characteristics common to human folic acid deficiency, including decreased plasma and RBC folate, increased plasma homocysteine, and poor reproductive outcomes. Thus, an excellent model has been created to investigate the mechanism(s) underlying the origin of birth defects related to folic acid deficiency. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Sadler, TW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, CB 7090, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RI Burgoon, Jennifer/E-2819-2011 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD29495] NR 56 TC 72 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 13 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD MAY PY 2002 VL 65 IS 5 BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1002/tera.10040 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 547YQ UT WOS:000175361000009 PM 11967921 ER PT J AU Harmel, RD King, KW Wolfe, JE Torbert, HA AF Harmel, RD King, KW Wolfe, JE Torbert, HA TI Minimum flow considerations for automated storm sampling on small watersheds SO TEXAS JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STRATEGIES AB The issue of a minimum flow threshold (also referred to as enable level) above which to trigger sampling plays an important role in water quality sampling projects; however, guidance on developing appropriate storm sampling strategies for small streams is limited. As a result, arbitrary strategies are used that may not accurately characterize pollutant flux. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: (1) compare measured nutrient flux data to hypothetical results collected under several alternative minimum flow threshold or enable level scenarios and (2) publish initial guidance on setting minimum flow thresholds for automated storm sampling in small watersheds. Comparison of measured nutrient fluxes for various enable level scenarios illustrated that substantial error is introduced even with relatively small enable level increases. Based on these results, minimum flow thresholds for automated sampling equipment should be set such that even small storms with small increases in flow depth are sampled. In order to manage the number of samples collected, enable levels should be raised only after careful consideration of the resulting consequences. Alternatives for decreasing the number of samples in nutrient flux measurements, such as increasing the time or flow volume between samples or compositing several samples into one collection bottle, introduce substantially less error than does increasing minimum flow thresholds. C1 USDA ARS, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Harmel, RD (reprint author), USDA ARS, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RI Harmel, Daren/L-5162-2013 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU TEXAS ACAD SCI PI LUBBOCK PA BOX 43151, LUBBOCK, TX 79409-3151 USA SN 0040-4403 J9 TEX J SCI JI Tex. J. Sci. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 54 IS 2 BP 177 EP 188 PG 12 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 564FY UT WOS:000176305400008 ER PT J AU Cui, XL Price, JB Calamari, TA Hemstreet, JM Meredith, W AF Cui, XL Price, JB Calamari, TA Hemstreet, JM Meredith, W TI Cotton wax and its relationship with fiber and yarn properties - Part I: Wax content and fiber properties SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In this study, thirty-six cultivars of U.S. upland cotton are selected and their wax content determined by the Conrad method. Both ring spun and open-end yams are then made from these cottons. Various fiber and yam proper-ties are measured before and after wax removal using AFIS, HVI, the West Point cohesion tester, and the Uster Tensorapid yam tensile tester. Correlations of wax content with fiber properties and yarn properties are analyzed. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. ARS, USDA, Stoneville, MS USA. RP Cui, XL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 72 IS 5 BP 399 EP 404 DI 10.1177/004051750207200505 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 554UN UT WOS:000175755700005 ER PT J AU Beilinson, V Chen, Z Shoemaker, RC Fischer, RL Goldberg, RB Nielsen, NC AF Beilinson, V Chen, Z Shoemaker, RC Fischer, RL Goldberg, RB Nielsen, NC TI Genomic organization of glycinin genes in soybean SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS LA English DT Article DE soybean; glycinin; plant genes; storage proteins ID SEED STORAGE PROTEINS; LEGUMIN GENE; LINKAGE; FAMILY; INHERITANCE; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE; MARKERS; QUALITY; MAP AB Glycinin is the predominant seed storage protein in most soybean varieties. Previously, five major genes (designated Gy1 to Gy5) encoding glycinin subunits have been described. In this report two new genes are identified and mapped: a glycinin pseudogene, gy6, and a functional gene, Gy7. Messenger RNA for the gy6 pseudogene is not detected in developing seeds. While Gy7 mRNA was present at the midmaturation stage of seed development in the soybean variety Resnik, the steady state amount of this message was at least an order of magnitude less-prevalent than the mRNA encoding each of the other five glycinin subunits. Even though the amino-acid sequence of the glycinin subunit G7 is related to the other five soybean 11S subunits, it does not fit into either the Group-1 (G1, G2, G3) or the Group-2 (G4, G5) glycinin subunit families. The Gy7 gene is tandemly linked 3' to Gy3 on Linkage Group L (chromosome 19) of the public molecular linkage map. By contrast, the gy6 gene occupies a locus downstream from Gy2 on Linkage Group N (chromosome 3) in a region that is related to the position where Gy7 is located on chromosome 19. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, USDA, ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Biochem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, USDA, ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Zool, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mol Cell & Dev Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Nielsen, NC (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, USDA, ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 31 TC 45 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0040-5752 J9 THEOR APPL GENET JI Theor. Appl. Genet. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 104 IS 6-7 BP 1132 EP 1140 DI 10.1007/s00122-002-0884-6 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Genetics & Heredity GA 560LH UT WOS:000176083200030 ER PT J AU Bramblett, RG Bryant, MD Wright, BE White, RG AF Bramblett, RG Bryant, MD Wright, BE White, RG TI Seasonal use of small tributary and main-stem habitats by juvenile steelhead, coho salmon, and Dolly Varden in a southeastern Alaska drainage basin SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CARNATION CREEK; STREAMS; SURVIVAL; TROUT; COVER AB The movement of juvenile salmonids between small tributaries and main-stem habitats in southeast Alaska watersheds is poorly understood, We observed movements of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss, coho salmon O. kisutch, and Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma between mainstem and tributary habitats at weirs located on tributaries in the Staney Creek watershed in southeast Alaska. We used seasonal relative abundance (catch per unit effort) in eight main-stem reaches and eight tributaries to corroborate observed movement in the two streams with weirs. We observed juvenile steelhead and coho salmon moving through the weirs into tributaries during the fall as flows increased and temperatures decreased, The relative abundance of steelhead was greater in main-stem sites than in tributaries during the summer, whereas during spring and fall relative abundance in the tributaries was similar to that in the main stein. Juvenile coho salmon were abundant in tributaries during all seasons. The relative abundance of Dolly Varden was greater in the tributaries than in the main-stem during all seasons. These results underscore the significance of links between main-stem habitats and small tributaries for production of juvenile salmonids. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Expt Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Montana State Univ, US Geol Survey, Montana Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Bryant, MD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Expt Stn, 2770 Sherwood Lane,2A, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 30 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 131 IS 3 BP 498 EP 506 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0498:SUOSTA>2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 549PM UT WOS:000175453300012 ER PT J AU Adams, SB Frissell, CA Rieman, BE AF Adams, SB Frissell, CA Rieman, BE TI Changes in distribution of nonnative brook trout in an Idaho drainage over two decades SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FISH INTRODUCTIONS; CUTTHROAT TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; INVASION; STREAMS; RIVER; ASSEMBLAGE; HABITAT; BIOLOGY; AREAS AB Invasions of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis are believed to threaten the aquatic fauna native to the cold streams and lakes of western North America. Although invasion is widespread, documentation of historic versus recent invasion rates throughout drainages is lacking. We compared brook trout distributions in 1996 to those as early as 1971 for 17 streams in the upper South Fork Salmon River, Idaho. In 1996, brook trout occurred in 11 of the streams. Adult ranges expanded at least 0.5 km upstream in 8 streams, and upstream invasion (1.2-2.4 km) occurred in 3 of those. No recent invasion was apparent in 10 streams that lacked dispersal barriers within 1 km of the South Fork Salmon River confluence or of previous distribution limits, including 4 streams containing at least some adult brook trout. We also compared distributions between 1993 and 1997 in two streams of the Weiser River drainage, Idaho, and found no changes in upstream distribution limits over that shorter time interval. Although invasion may be ongoing in some streams, brook trout do not appear to be relentlessly invading every accessible stream. C1 Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise, ID 83702 USA. RP Adams, SB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 131 IS 3 BP 561 EP 568 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2002)131<0561:CIDONB>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 549PM UT WOS:000175453300017 ER PT J AU Sadler, EJ Camp, CR Evans, DE Millen, JA AF Sadler, EJ Camp, CR Evans, DE Millen, JA TI Corn canopy temperatures measured with a moving infrared thermometer array SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE site-specific agriculture; irrigation; infrared thermometer; water stress; corn; zea mays ID STRESS; CROP AB Measurement of water stress and scheduling of irrigation are both enabled by non-contact infrared thermometers (IRTs). Technological advances have miniaturized IRTs and reduced power requirements so that inexpensive self-powered units are now commercially available. The objective of this work was to test a linear array of IRT sensors mounted on a center-pivot irrigation machine, and to use this IRT array to examine spatial variation in water stress of corn under four irrigation treatments imposed on a highly variable field with a center pivot equipped for site-specific irrigation and agrochemical application. An array of 26 IRTs was mounted on the pivot, which was run dry for a full circle on 7 days during the 1999 corn growing season. Procedures were developed to adjust for time lag during the 3.5-hr measurement period. Significant differences were obtained among the varying water treatments, as expected, but also among plots within the same soil map unit and among soil map unit means. Distinct spatial patterns, not necessarily related to the 1:1200-scale soil map, were observed. These results emphasize the necessity to consider soil water relations during the development of management recommendations for site-specific agriculture. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Sadler, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 45 IS 3 BP 581 EP 591 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 583ZH UT WOS:000177441600011 ER PT J AU Camp, CR Sadler, EJ AF Camp, CR Sadler, EJ TI Irrigation, deep tillage, and nitrogen management for a corn-soybean rotation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article AB Of the numerous factors affecting crop yield, the major factor for corn and soybean in the southeastern Coastal Plain appears to be available soil water Inadequate rainfall and soil compaction, which limits root exploration of stored soil water, exacerbate this problem. Potential solutions, though costly and energy intensive, include irrigation and annual deep tillage. Sometimes, doing both provides additive yield increases for corn. The objectives of this study were: (1) to prove a site-specific irrigation system, and (2) to test the separate and combined effects of irrigation, tillage, N-fertilizer and crop rotation on corn and soybean yield. A center-pivot irrigation system that had been modified to allow variable-rate water and nutrient applications to 100-m(2) plots within the system was used to manage an experiment with corn-soybean rotation, irrigation, deep tillage, and N-fertilizer treatments during 1995-1998. The modified center-pivot system satisfactorily applied water and N fertilizer to the treatment areas, and reliability of the control system improved during this experiment. Irrigation increased corn yield all years (8% to 135%) and soybean yield three of four years (26% to 31%). Deep tillage increased yield in only two years, for corn (4% to 6%). For these soil and weather conditions, irrigation increased corn and soybean yields more consistently than deep tillage. The site-specific irrigation facility performed as expected and should provide the research infrastructure to answer many long-standing questions about irrigated cropping systems in the southeastern Coastal Plain. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Camp, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 20 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 45 IS 3 BP 601 EP 608 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 583ZH UT WOS:000177441600013 ER PT J AU Poach, ME Hunt, PG Sadler, EJ Matheny, TA Johnson, MH Stone, KC Humenik, FJ Rice, JM AF Poach, ME Hunt, PG Sadler, EJ Matheny, TA Johnson, MH Stone, KC Humenik, FJ Rice, JM TI Ammonia volatilization from constructed wetlands that treat swine wastewater SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE ammonia volatilization; constructed wetlands; swine wastewater treatment; lagoon alternative ID COASTAL-PLAIN; WATER-QUALITY; LAGOONS; LOSSES AB Increasingly, large-scale animal production occurs in confinement where large per-unit-area quantities of waste are generated. With the increased scale of production, new environment-friendly technologies are needed to deal with the waste. Constructed wetlands are considered an alternative treatment, but it is not known if volatilization of free ammonia (NH3) governs nitrogen removal in these systems. The objective of this research was to quantify the NH3 volatilization from constructed wetlands that treat swine wastewater In May and July of 2000, a specially designed enclosure was used to measure NH3 volatilization from constructed wetlands receiving swine wastewater Laboratory and field calibration tests indicated that the enclosure was effective at measuring NH3 volatilization. Wetland tests indicated that NH3 volatilization was occurring. From average hourly rates, it was estimated that 7% to 16% of the nitrogen load to the wetlands was removed through NH3 volatilization. Although NH3 losses should not be ignored, results indicated that NH3 volatilization was not responsible for removing the majority of nitrogen from the swine wastewater. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Poach, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 24 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 45 IS 3 BP 619 EP 627 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 583ZH UT WOS:000177441600015 ER PT J AU Hunt, PG Szogi, AA Humenik, EJ Rice, JM Matheny, TA Stone, KC AF Hunt, PG Szogi, AA Humenik, EJ Rice, JM Matheny, TA Stone, KC TI Constructed wetlands for treatment of swine wastewater from an anaerobic lagoon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE denitrification; nitrogen; phosphorus; plant uptake; redox potential; soil accumulation ID WATER; NITROGEN AB Animal waste management is a national concern that demands effective and affordable methods of treatment. We investigated constructed wetlands from 1993 through 1997 at a swine production facility in North Carolina for their effectiveness in treatment of swine wastewater from an anaerobic lagoon. We used four wetland cells (3.6 X 33.5 m) with two cells connected in series. The cells were constructed by removing topsoil, sealing cell bottoms with 0.30 m of compacted clay, and covering with 0.25 m of loamy sand topsoil. One set of cells was planted with bulrushes (Scirpus americanus, Scirpus cyperinus, and Scirpus validus) and rush (Juncus effusus). The other set of cells was planted with bur-reed (Sparganium americanum) and cattails (Typha angustifolia and Typha latifolia). Wastewater flow and concentrations were measured at the inlet of the first and second cells and at the exit of the second cell for both the bulrush and cattail wetlands. Nitrogen was effectively removed at mean monthly loading rates of 3 to 40 kg N ha(-1) day(-1); removals were generally >75% when loadings were <25 kg ha(-1) day(-1). In contrast, P was not consistently removed. Neither plant growth nor plant litter/soil accumulation was a major factor in N removal after the loading rates exceeded 10 kg N ha(-1) day(-1). However, the soil-plant-litter matrix was important because it provided carbon and reaction sites for denitrification, the likely major treatment component. Soil Eh (oxidative/reductive potential) values were in the reduced range (<300 mV), and nitrate was generally absent from the wetlands. Furthermore, the wetlands had the capacity to remove more nitrate-N according to denitrification enzyme activity determinations. Our results show that constructed wetlands can be very effective in the removal of N from anaerobic lagoon-treated swine wastewater. However, wetlands will need to be augmented with some form of enhanced P removal to be effective in both P and N treatments at high loading rates. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hunt, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plains Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 32 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 45 IS 3 BP 639 EP 647 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 583ZH UT WOS:000177441600017 ER PT J AU Grace, JM AF Grace, JM TI Effectiveness of vegetation in erosion control from forest road sideslopes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE soil erosion; ground cover slopes; surface runoff; conservation ID MANAGEMENT; GRAVEL AB Forest roads have been identified as the major contributor to sediment production from forested lands, accounting for perhaps as much as 90% of all sediment produced. In recent years, increased concern and societal pressure has focused on the impacts of forest roads and the effectiveness of erosion control measures. In addition, the re-introduction of native species for erosion control has become a priority on many forestlands. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a wood excelsior erosion mat, native species vegetation, and exotic species vegetation treatments in erosion control from forest road sideslopes in the Talladega National Forest in Alabama over a 4-year period. In comparison to bare soil control plots, treatments significantly reduced sediment and runoff yield from the road sideslopes. Mean sediment yield from the native species vegetation, exotic species vegetation, and erosion mat treatments were 1.1, 0.45, and 0.80 g m(-2) mm(-1), respectively. The native species vegetation was as effective as the exotic species vegetation and erosion mat in reducing sediment yield from the forest road sideslopes. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, GW Andrews Forestry Sci Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. RP Grace, JM (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, GW Andrews Forestry Sci Lab, 520 Devall Dr, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 45 IS 3 BP 681 EP 685 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 583ZH UT WOS:000177441600022 ER PT J AU Eghball, B Gilley, JE Baltensperger, DD Blumenthal, JM AF Eghball, B Gilley, JE Baltensperger, DD Blumenthal, JM TI Long-term manure and fertilizer application effects on phosphorus and nitrogen in runoff SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE eutrophication; fertilizer applications; hypoxia; manure management; manure runoff; nutrient loss; phosphorus; water quality ID SOIL-PHOSPHORUS; AGRICULTURAL RUNOFF; FEEDLOT MANURE; EROSION; COMPOST; MOVEMENT; LOSSES AB Long-term manure and fertilizer applications to a soil can increase phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) transport in runoff. This study was conducted to determine P and N transport in runoff following long-term (since 1953) manure and fertilizer applications. Duplicate soil samples (32) were collected in 1998 from the top 0.1 m of selected plots of a long-term manure and fertilizer applications field experiment and later placed in 1 m(2) soil pans in the laboratory. Manure and fertilizer were mixed with 16 of the soil samples, while no treatment was applied to the other half (long-term residual effect). Simulated rainfall was then applied to the soil during initial and wet (24 hours later) events. Manure added just before simulated rainfall resulted in significantly greater concentrations of dissolved P (DP), bioavailable P (BAP), particulate P (PP), total P (TP), NO3-N, and NH4-N than when the last manure application was the previous year in 1997. Soil test P level was not a significant factor in DP loss when manure was applied just before rainfall. When the last manure application was the previous year, similar concentrations of DP, BAP, PP and TP were measured on the manure and no-manure treatments. Concentrations of NO3-N and NH4-N in runoff were not influenced by long-term fertilizer application, but significantly increased with increasing N application rate when N was applied just before rainfall. Phosphorus concentration in runoff decreased with time of runoff up to 45 minutes, after which the P concentration remained constant. NO3-N and total N concentrations continued to decrease for the entire runoff period. Manure and fertilizer should not be applied when the probability of rainfall immediately following application is great. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Panhandle Res & Extens Ctr, Scottsbluff, NE USA. RP Eghball, B (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, 121 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 31 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 45 IS 3 BP 687 EP 694 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 583ZH UT WOS:000177441600023 ER PT J AU Hanson, GJ Temple, DM AF Hanson, GJ Temple, DM TI Performance of bare-earth and vegetated steep channels under long-duration flows SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE steep channels; vegetation; soil; erodibility; stress; jet test; overfalls AB Thousands of dams built in the U.S. have a potential to be overtopped by flood flows. It is therefore necessary to understand the mechanics of embankment erosion in order to evaluate the potential erosion damage to an embankment and the safety risk that overtopping represents. This article describes tests conducted at the USDA-ARS Hydraulic Engineering Research Laboratory in Stillwater, Oklahoma, using an embankment 3 in high and 37 in long with 3:1 slopes. Measured water surface, bed, and velocity profiles and predicted hydraulic stress for four 1-m wide trapezoidal channels, two vegetated and two non-vegetated, are compared. The tests were conducted at discharges of 0.2 m(3)/s and 0.6 m(3)/s. The tests in the vegetated condition were run for 75 hours, and the tests in the non-vegetated condition for 73 hours and 52 hours, respectively. The maximum average erosion rate in the non-vegetated channels was 25 and 50 times greater than that in the vegetated channels for the two flows. The erosion in the non-vegetated channels was not uniform spatially along the length of the channel or temporally over the duration of the tests. The erosion progressed into stair-stepped overfalls. Jet test analysis of laboratory soil samples indicated that erosion resistance varied up to 3 orders of magnitude due to variations in compaction, percent saturation, and density. The excess stress parameters, erodibility coefficient (k(d)) and critical stress (tau(c)) based on post-test samples, were predicted to be 0.00029 m/Pa-h and 0.55 Pa, respectively. Hydraulic stress evaluation of the two bare-earth soil channels over the duration of the tests resulted in k(d) values of 0.00026 and 0.00029 m/Pa-h for the tests conducted at discharges of 0.2 m(3)/s and 0.6 m(3)/s, respectively. Evaluation of the two vegetated channels resulted in k(d) values of 0.00070 and 0.00004 m/Pa-h. It is anticipated that the results of these studies will provide the basis for improved evaluation of the erosion of embankments subjected to overtopping. This study will provide a tool for evaluating dam rehabilitation needs, as well as for assessing the risk to human and livestock life and property loss downstream. C1 USDA, ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, Hyraul Engn Unit, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. RP Hanson, GJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Plant Sci & Water Conservat Res Lab, Hyraul Engn Unit, 1301 N Western St, Stillwater, OK 74075 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 45 IS 3 BP 695 EP 701 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 583ZH UT WOS:000177441600024 ER PT J AU Bjorneberg, DL Sojka, RE Aase, JK AF Bjorneberg, DL Sojka, RE Aase, JK TI Pre-wetting effect on furrow irrigation erosion: A field study SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE soil erosion; furrow irrigation; aggregate stability ID SOIL-WATER CONTENT; AGGREGATE STABILITY; RUNOFF; INFILTRATION AB Flowing water quickly saturates dry surface soil as water advances in irrigation furrows. Conversely, rain wets surface soil before runoff occurs. Rapid wetting destroys soil aggregates as water quickly displaces trapped air Slowly increasing soil water content prior to saturation increases aggregate stability. We hypothesized that instantaneous wetting of dry surface soil during furrow irrigation results in greater soil erosion than if furrow soil was pre-wet immediately before irrigation. We conducted ten irrigation trials on 27-m long furrows in three different fields. Soil was pre-wet by surface drip irrigation (12 to 14 mm) or by lightly spraying with water (1.3 mm). Pre-wetting with drip irrigation significantly (P < 0.05) reduced soil loss for 5 of the first 7 irrigations compared to dry soil. The pre-wetting effect on soil loss was not always dramatic, but cumulative soil loss for the first seven irrigations was significantly different among the three treatments: 16, 30, and 56 Mg ha(-1) for drip, spray, and dry treatments, respectively. The dry treatment never had less soil loss than either pre-wetting treatment. Pre-wetting furrow soil by spraying apparently did not add enough water to stabilize soil aggregates and decrease soil erosion for most irrigations. This study demonstrated that erosion was greater when water flowed over initially dry soil, which is typical with furrow irrigation, compared to water flowing over initially wet soil, which occurs during rain. C1 USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP Bjorneberg, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 45 IS 3 BP 717 EP 722 PG 6 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 583ZH UT WOS:000177441600026 ER PT J AU Stone, KC Hunt, PG Szogi, AA Humenik, EJ Rice, JM AF Stone, KC Hunt, PG Szogi, AA Humenik, EJ Rice, JM TI Constructed wetland design and performance for swine lagoon wastewater treatment SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE wetlands; nitrogen; ammonia; phosphorus; design AB Although constructed wetlands have been identified as a potentially important component of animal wastewater treatment systems, their design requirements have been based mainly on municipal systems. The objective of this investigation was to examine various design approaches for constructed wetlands in relation to the performance of our constructed wetlands for swine wastewater treatment. The free water surface wetlands in Duplin County, North Carolina, investigated in this study were constructed in 1992 based on the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) presumptive design method. We used four wetland cells (3.6 in X 33.5 in) with two cells connected in series; the two series of cells were planted and predominated, respectively, by either bulrushes or cattails and were studied from 1993 to 1999. The wetlands were effective in treating nitrogen with mean total nitrogen and ammonia-N concentration reductions of approximately 85%; however, they were not effective in the treatment of phosphorus. Regression analyses of outflow concentration vs. inflow concentration and hydraulic loading rate for total N and ammonia-N were reasonably correlated (r(2)greater than or equal to 0.66 and r(2)greater than or equal to 0.65, respectively). Our calculated first-order plug-flow kinetics model rate constants (K(20)) for total-N and ammonia-N (8.4 and 8.9, respectively) were slightly lower than those reported in the limited literature and currently recommended for use in constructed wetland design. Nonetheless, use of our calculated rate constants would result in about the same size constructed wetland for treating swine lagoon wastewater. C1 USDA ARS, Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, Raleigh, NC USA. N Carolina State Univ, Anim Waste Management Programs, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Stone, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Water & Plant Res Ctr, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. EM stone@florence.ars.usda.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 15 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 45 IS 3 BP 723 EP 730 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 583ZH UT WOS:000177441600027 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Zarlenga, DS Paape, MJ Dahl, GE AF Wang, Y Zarlenga, DS Paape, MJ Dahl, GE TI Recombinant bovine soluble CD14 sensitizes the mammary gland to lipopolysaccharide SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mastitis; coliforms; interleukin-8; CD14 ID LPS-BINDING-PROTEIN; CELLS IN-VITRO; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; INTERNAL STANDARDS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ACTIVATION; ENDOTOXIN; ANTIGEN; GROWTH; COWS AB Standard therapies including administration of potent antibiotics, aggressive fluid resuscitation and metabolic support have not been successful in relieving symptoms and reducing mortality associated with acute coliform mastitis. It is important to understand the pathophysiological response of the mammary gland to coliform infections when designing preventive or therapeutic regimens for controlling coliform mastitis. Our laboratory has previously shown that macrophages and polymorphonuclear neutrophils in milk express CD 14 on their cell surface. In this study, we found that soluble CD 14 (sCD 14) is present in milk whey as a 46 kDa protein reacted with anti-ovine CD 14 antibody. Additional functional studies found that: (1) under serum-free condition, complexes of I-PS-recombinant bovine soluble CD14 (rbosCD14) induced activation of mammary ductal epithelial cells (as measured by changes in interleukin-8 (IL-8) mRNA level by competitive RT-PCR) at low concentrations of LPS after 6 or 24 h incubation (1-1000 ng/ml), whereas LPS alone did not induce activation of mammary ductal epithelial cells at the same concentrations, and (2) intramammary injection of low concentrations of LPS did not increase concentration of leukocytes in milk. In contrast, LPS-rbosCD14 complex containing the same concentration of LPS increased the concentration of leukocytes in the injected mammary gland at 12 and 24 h post-injection. These results indicate that rbosCD14 sensitizes mammary epithelial cells to low concentrations of LPS in vitro and in vivo. Endogenous sCD14 in milk may be important in initiating host responses to Gram-negative bacterial infections. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Anim & Avian Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, BARC E, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Paape, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC E, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, Room 208,Bldg 1040, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 31 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 86 IS 1-2 BP 115 EP 124 AR PII S0165-2427(02)00021-1 DI 10.1016/S0165-2427(02)00021-1 PG 10 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 551HX UT WOS:000175555600010 PM 11943334 ER PT J AU Palmer, MV Waters, WR Whipple, DL AF Palmer, MV Waters, WR Whipple, DL TI Lesion development in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) experimentally infected with Mycobacterium bovis SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deer; granuloma; Mycobacterium bovis; Odocoileus virginianus; tuberculosis ID NATURALLY-OCCURRING TUBERCULOSIS; CATTLE; NEUTROPHILS; MICHIGAN AB The recent discovery Of tuberculosis in free-living white-tailed deer in northeastern Michigan underscores the need for increased understanding of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in wildlife species. To investigate lesion development in white-tailed deer, 32 deer were experimentally infected by intratonsilar instillation of 300 colony-forming units of Mycobacterium bovis. Three deer each were euthanatized and examined at days 15, 28, 42, and 56 after inoculation, and five deer each were euthanatized and examined at days 89, 180, 262, and 328 after inoculation. Microscopic lesions first were seen in the medial retropharyngeal lymph node and lung 28 and 42 days after inoculation, respectively. Lung lesions were present in 12 (38%) of 32 deer. involving 23 lung lobes. Left caudal and right middle and caudal lobes were involved in 17 (74%) of the 23 affected lung lobes. Lesions in the medial retropharyngeal lymph node first appeared as granulomas composed of aggregates of macrophages and Langhans-type giant cells. Some early granulomas contained centrally located neutrophils. As granulomas developed, neutrophils were replaced with a central zone of caseous necrosis that first showed signs of mineralization 42 days after inoculation. Granulomas increased in size as the zone of caseous necrosis expanded. Peripheral fibrosis, first seen at 56 days after inoculation, progressed to only a thin fibrous capsule by 328 days after inoculation. By the termination of the Study, the central necrotic core of the granuloma contained abundant liquefied necrotic material and grossly resembled an abscess. Although tuberculous lesions in white-tailed deer follow a developmental pattern similar to that in cattle, fibrosis is less pronounced and the advanced lesions may liquefy. a change seldom reported in cattle. Ail understanding of lesion development will aid in the identification of the spectrum of disease that may be seen in this important wildlife reservoir of tuberculosis. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Palmer, MV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Bacterial Dis Livestock Res Unit, 2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 27 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 39 IS 3 BP 334 EP 340 DI 10.1354/vp.39-3-334 PG 7 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 548RP UT WOS:000175403400005 PM 12014497 ER PT J AU Kommers, GD King, DJ Seal, BS Carmichael, KP Brown, CC AF Kommers, GD King, DJ Seal, BS Carmichael, KP Brown, CC TI Pathogenesis of six pigeon-origin isolates of Newcastle disease virus for domestic chickens SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; avian paramyxovirus 1; chickens; immunohistochemistry; in situ hybridization; Newcastle disease; pathogenesis; pigeon paramyxovirus 1; veterinary virology ID AVIAN PARAMYXOVIRUS TYPE-1; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; RACING PIGEONS; PATHOGENICITY; INFECTION; PATHOLOGY; IMPROVEMENT; CORMORANTS; AUSTRALIA; BIRDS AB The pathogenesis of six pigeon-origin isolates of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was investigated in chickens. Four isolates were previously defined as the variant pigeon paramyxovirus I (PPMV-1), and two isolates were classified as avian paramyxovirus I (APMV-1). Birds inoculated with PPMV-1 isolates were euthanatized, and tissue samples were collected at 2, 5, and 10 days postinoculation (DPI). Birds inoculated with APMV-1 isolates died or were euthanatized, and tissue samples were collected at 2, 4, and 5 DPI. Tissues were examined by histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the presence of NDV nucleoprotein, and in situ hybridization (ISH) for the presence of viral mRNA for the matrix gene. Spleen sections were stained by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay and by IHC using an anti-active caspase-3 antibody (IHC-Casp) to detect apoptotic cells. Brain sections of PPMV-1-infected birds were examined by IHC to detect T and B lymphocytes and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Histologically, birds inoculated with PPMV-1 isolates had marked lesions in the heart and brain. Presence of viral nucleoprotein and viral mRNA in the affected tissues was confirmed by IHC and ISH, respectively. Numerous reactive astrocytes were observed in brain sections stained for GFAP, Among all the isolates, the IHC-Casp demonstrated that apoptosis was very prominent in the ellipsoid-associated cells of the spleen at 2 DPI. Results of the TUNEL assay indicated that apoptotic cells were prominent at 5 DPI and were more randomly distributed. The clinical signs and gross and histopathologic changes observed in the APMV-1-infected birds were characteristic of an extensive infection with highly virulent NDV evident by IHC. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA USA. RP Brown, CC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 47 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 39 IS 3 BP 353 EP 362 DI 10.1354/vp.39-3-353 PG 10 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 548RP UT WOS:000175403400007 PM 12014499 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Markovits, JE Killary, KA AF Dubey, JP Markovits, JE Killary, KA TI Cryptosporidium muris-like infection in stomach of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) SO VETERINARY PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium muris; cynomolgus monkeys; electron microscopy; Macaca fascicularis; oocysts; schizonts; stomach ID STRAIN RN-66; MICE; ULTRASTRUCTURE; CATTLE AB Protozoa were present in routine sections of the gastric fundus of 15 cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) that were being studied in three toxicity studies with novel immunosuppressive agents. Upon detailed light microscopic and ultrastructural evaluation, all stages of parasite development (trophozoites, schizonts, gamonts, and oocysts) were seen and they structurally resembled Cryptosporidium muris, which normally is found in stomachs of rodents. Cryptosporidia were primarily present in the upper one third of fundic glands that were often concurrently colonized by a Helicobacter heilmanii-like organism; however, no clear correlation was found between bacterial burden and the number of protozoa. The primarily mononuclear cellular infiltrate appeared to coincide with the presence of protozoa only in a few animals. Changes in mucous epithelial cells mainly occurred in animals that were part of a 39-week study. Mucous epithelial cells in affected glands contained an increased amount of mucus composed of predominantly acid mucosubstances compared to the normally present neutral mucosubstances. C. muris-like protozoa are newly recognized etiologies for opportunistic infections in the stomach of immunocompromized nonhuman primates. This is the first report of C. muris-like parasite in stomachs of monkeys. C1 ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Novartis Pharmaceut, E Hanover, NJ USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA,Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL VET PATHOLOGIST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0300-9858 J9 VET PATHOL JI Vet. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2002 VL 39 IS 3 BP 363 EP 371 DI 10.1354/vp.39-3-363 PG 9 WC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences SC Pathology; Veterinary Sciences GA 548RP UT WOS:000175403400008 PM 12014500 ER PT J AU Monfardini, E Paape, MJ Wang, Y Capuco, AV Husheem, M Wood, L Burvenich, C AF Monfardini, E Paape, MJ Wang, Y Capuco, AV Husheem, M Wood, L Burvenich, C TI Evaluation of L-selectin expression and assessment of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes around parturition SO VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE L-selectin; tyrosine phosphorylation; neutrophil; mastitis; parturition ID ADHESION MOLECULES; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; MAP KINASE; DAIRY-COWS; BLOOD; MILK; DEXAMETHASONE; PHAGOCYTOSIS; AGGREGATION; RECRUITMENT AB Impaired polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocyte (PMN) function around parturition has been associated with increased clinical mastitis in dairy cows. Rolling and attachment of PMN to the endothelium is the first step in the recruitment process and is accomplished by interaction between L-selectin on PMN and its ligand on endothelial cells. Furthermore, tyrosine phosphorylation is involved in the initiation of many PMN functions. The objective of this work was to determine changes in expression of L-selectin and tyrosine phosphorylation in the perinatal period. Eight clinically healthy Holstein cows were used as PMN donors at d-21, -14, -7,0 (calving), +1, +2, +7, +14, +28. Evaluation of L-selectin expression was carried out on activated and resting PMN. Anti-bovine L-selectin monoclonal antibody (MAB) and flow cytometric analysis were used to measure the percentage of PMN fluorescing and receptor expression (log mean fluorescent channel, LMFC). Activated and resting PMN showed similar trends in % PMN fluorescence and LMFC. The percentage of PMN fluorescing tended to decrease at parturition, followed by a significant increase at d +14 and +28 (P <0.02). For LMFC a decrease was observed on d +1 followed by an increase through d +28 (P < 0.01). Protein tyrosine phosphorylation of lysates prepared from PMN isolated throughout the study was detected by electrophoresis and western blotting using anti-phosphotyrosine MAB. Several protein bands were tyrosine phosphorylated. Two of these bands (42-44 kDa and 90 kDa) varied in intensity over time. The intensity of the 42-44 kDa band gradually increased from d -7, peaked at d +7 (P < 0.03), and steadily decreased to d +28 (P < 0.02). Antibody to activated mitogen protein kinase reacted with the 42-44 kDa band. Reduced PMN function during the periparturient period could be related to reduced L-selectin adhesion molecules on the cell surface, and to modulation in the phosphorylation of functionally important molecules. C1 ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. State Univ Ghent, Fac Med Vet, Dept Physiol Biochem & Biometr, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. RP Paape, MJ (reprint author), ARS, Immunol & Dis Resistance Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0928-4249 J9 VET RES JI Vet. Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 33 IS 3 BP 271 EP 281 DI 10.1051/vetres:2002015 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 555YA UT WOS:000175765600005 PM 12056478 ER PT J AU Gealy, DR Tai, TH Sneller, CH AF Gealy, DR Tai, TH Sneller, CH TI Identification of red rice, rice, and hybrid populations using microsatellite markers SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE red rice, Oryza sativa L. ORYSA; rice, Oryza sativa L.; accession; biotype; DNA fingerprinting; generic distance; hybrid; outcrossing; polymorphism; simple sequence repeat; SSR ID ORYZA-SATIVA L; FIELD-EVALUATION; RAPD MARKERS; CULTIVARS; BIOLOGY; WEED AB Red rice is a major weed in rice production in the southern United States. Red rice and rice intercross because they are the same species. Our objectives were to determine the genetic diversity represented by accessions of red rice and to identify DNA markers that might be useful in identifying hybrids between red and cultivated rice. Red rice accessions were collected from Arkansas and other rice-producing states. Seventy-nine red rice accessions, 10 known or putative hybrid derivatives of red rice and cultivated rice (RC hybrids), and seven rice cultivars were analyzed using microsatellite DNA markers developed for cultivated rice. Microsatellite markers differentiated awned and awnless red rice accessions, six of the seven rice cultivars, and all 10 RC hybrids tested. Thus, these markers were useful in identifying red rice types and RC hybrids. C1 ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Agron, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Gealy, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, POB 1090, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. NR 42 TC 61 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 7 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 50 IS 3 BP 333 EP 339 DI 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0333:IORRRA]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 562EK UT WOS:000176184300009 ER PT J AU Hirase, K Molin, WT AF Hirase, K Molin, WT TI Effects of MT-101 and NOP on germination and seedling growth of hemp sesbania and rice SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE MT 101, (naproanilide-common name approved by the Japanese Ministry for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), 2-(2-naphthyloxy)propionanilide; NOP, 2-(2-naphthyloxy) propionic acid; hemp sesbania, Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. ex A. W. Hill SEBEX; rice, Oryza sativa L. 'Lemony'; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. 'Deltapine 5415'; herbicidal efficacy; crop injury; dry weight; density; plant height ID HERBICIDE NAPROANILIDE; SOIL AB The effects of MT-101 and its herbicidally active form, NOP, on the germination and seedling growth of hemp sesbania and rice were investigated. MT-101 decreased the germination of hemp sesbania by 57 and 90% at 0.05 and 0.5 mM, respectively, 1 d after treatment (DAT) in petri dishes. The germination, however, recovered such that there was no significant difference between treatments 4 to 6 DAT NOP completely inhibited the germination of hemp sesbania at both 0.05 and 0.5 mM 1 DAT However, germination also similarly recovered, and there was no difference between treatments 4 to 6 DAT Neither MT-101 nor NOP decreased the germination of rice 3 to 6 DAT In greenhouse trials preemergence (PRE) application of MT-101 at 2.25 kg ai ha(-1) decreased the density (number of plants pot 1), plant height, and dry weight of hemp sesbania by 85, 67, and 91%, respectively. When applied postemergence (POST), MT-101 at 2.25 kg ha 1 decreased the density; plant height, and dry weight by a maximum of 58, 61, and 82%, respectively; indicating that MT-101 may have greater activity when applied PRE. NOP had greater activity than MT-101 on hemp sesbania. NOP at 2.25 kg ai ha-1 decreased the density, plant height, and dry weight of hemp sesbania 99, 78, and 97%, respectively, with PRE application. A POST application of NOP at 2.25 kg ha(-1) decreased the dry weight of hemp sesbania 91 to 94%. A PRE application of NOP at 2.25 kg ha(-1) decreased the dry weight of rice by 58%. Rice was not affected by POST applications of MT-101 but was affected slightly by NOR These results suggest chat MT-101 is a possible weed control agent in rice. C1 Mitsui Chem Inc, Chiba 2970017, Japan. ARS, USDA, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Hirase, K (reprint author), Mitsui Chem Inc, 1144 Togo, Chiba 2970017, Japan. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 50 IS 3 BP 386 EP 391 DI 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0386:EOMANO]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 562EK UT WOS:000176184300017 ER PT J AU Gronwald, JW Plaisance, KL Ide, DA Wyse, DL AF Gronwald, JW Plaisance, KL Ide, DA Wyse, DL TI Assessment of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis as a biocontrol agent for Canada thistle SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Canada thistle; Cirsium arvense (L.) scop. CIRAR; soybean, Glycine max L. 'Lambert', 'Kato'; bacterial population dynamics; bioherbicide; biological control; organosilicone surfactant; tagetitoxin ID STOMATAL INFILTRATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RNA-POLYMERASE AB Growth chamber and field experiments were conducted to assess the potential of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis (Pst) as a biocontrol agent for Canada thistle. Silwet L-77, an organosilicone surfactant, was required to facilitate Pst penetration into Canada thistle leaves. Growth chamber experiments indicated that maximum Pst populations inside leaves were obtained with a Silwet L-77 concentration of 0.3% (v/v) or greater. High Pst populations (109 colony-forming units [cfu] per gram fresh weight) were found in leaves 48 h after treatment with 10(8) or 10(9) cfu ml(-1) Pst plus Silwet L-77 (0.3%, v/v). In growth chamber experiments, foliar application of Pst (10(9) cfu ml(-1)) plus Silwet L-77 (0.3%, v/v) on 4- to 5-wk-old Canada thistle reduced shoot dry weight by 52% (measured 14 d after treatment) and chlorophyll content of emerging leaves by 92% (measured 10 d after treatment). In field trials conducted in 1999 and 2000, Pst (109 cfu ml-1) plus Silwet L-77 (0.3%, v/v) were applied at 700 L ha(-1), and the method of application (paint gun, backpack sprayer, boom) and the number of applications (one or two separated by 14 d) were examined. Averaged over 2 yr, two applications with a backpack sprayer resulted in 67% disease incidence (apical chlorosis) of treated plants measured 4 wk after the initial treatment (WAIT). At the time of flower bud formation (8 WAIT), there was little or no disease incidence, 31% reduction in plant height, 81% reduction in number of flower buds, and 20% reduction in shoot survival during 1999 but no effect on survival in 2000. C1 ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Gronwald, JW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 50 IS 3 BP 397 EP 404 DI 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0397:AOPSPT]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 562EK UT WOS:000176184300019 ER PT J AU Hakk, H Larsen, G Klasson-Wehler, E AF Hakk, H Larsen, G Klasson-Wehler, E TI Tissue disposition, excretion and metabolism of 2,2 ',4,4 ',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99) in the male Sprague-Dawley rat SO XENOBIOTICA LA English DT Article ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; MICE; CYP1A2 AB 1. A disposition, metabolism and excretion study of orally administered 2,20,4,4 0,5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99) was conducted in the conventional and bile duct-cannulated male rat. 2. In the conventional rat, >50% of the radiolabelled dose was retained at 72 h, and lipophilic tissues were the preferred sites for disposition, i.e. adipose tissue, adrenals, gastrointestinal tract and skin. 3. Urinary excretion of BDE-99 was very low (<1% of dose), and glucuronidation of phenolic metabolites was suggested. 4. Biliary excretion of BDE-99 was slightly greater than observed in urine, i.e. 3.6% at 72 h. 5. Over 43% of the dose in the conventional male rat and 86% in the bile duct-cannulated rat was excreted in the faeces, mainly as the unmetabolized parent compound. 6. Metabolites in bile and faeces were not conjugated. Mono- and di-hydroxylated pentabromodiphenyl ether metabolites were characterized by mass spectrometry. Two thiol metabolites were characterized in the bile. Oxidative debromination was also observed in the faecal metabolites. 7. Tissue BDE-99 was readily extractable, except for in the liver. The tissue C-14 was not associated with lipids and was mainly the unmetabolized parent compound. 8. Total thyroxine (T4) plasma levels were elevated at 3 and 6 days, and returned to control levels by day 12. C1 ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Stockholm, Dept Environm Chem, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Hakk, H (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, POB 5674, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 31 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0049-8254 J9 XENOBIOTICA JI Xenobiotica PD MAY PY 2002 VL 32 IS 5 BP 369 EP 382 DI 10.1080/00498250110119117 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 562BH UT WOS:000176177200003 PM 12065060 ER PT J AU Zhang, AJ Oliver, JE Aldrich, JR Wang, BD Mastro, VC AF Zhang, AJ Oliver, JE Aldrich, JR Wang, BD Mastro, VC TI Stimulatory beetle volatiles for the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG C-A JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Anoplophora glabripennis; electroantennographic detection; dialkyl ether ID SEX-PHEROMONE; COLEOPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; SCARABAEIDAE AB Two male-specific beetle volatiles were found that elicited strong gas chromatographic-electroantennographic responses from both sexes of Asian longhorned beetle adults, Anoplophora glabripennis. The secretion consisted of a similar to1:1 (v/v) blend of functionalized dialkyl ethers, 4-(n-heptyloxy)butanal and 4-(n-heptyloxy)butan-1-ol. These compounds are chemically unusual natural products that are previously unknown from insects. Laboratory olfactometer studies showed that a blend of 10 mug of each synthetic compound on a filter paper strip was significantly attractive to ALB adults. C1 ARS, USDA, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, APHIS, Plant Protect Ctr, Otis ANGB, MA 02542 USA. RP Zhang, AJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, BARC-W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 12 PU VERLAG Z NATURFORSCH PI TUBINGEN PA POSTFACH 2645, W-7400 TUBINGEN, GERMANY SN 0939-5075 J9 Z NATURFORSCH C JI Z.Naturforsch.(C) PD MAY-JUN PY 2002 VL 57 IS 5-6 BP 553 EP 558 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 577QY UT WOS:000177074200026 PM 12132701 ER PT J AU Peralta-Inga, Z Johnson, GP Dowd, MK Rendleman, JA Stevens, ED French, AD AF Peralta-Inga, Z Johnson, GP Dowd, MK Rendleman, JA Stevens, ED French, AD TI The crystal structure of the alpha-cellobiose center dot 2 NaI center dot 2 H2O complex in the context of related structures and conformational analysis SO CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE alpha-cellobiose; cellulose; mercerization; modeling; QM/MM; salt complex; crystal structure ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; BETA; CELLOBIOSE; CELLULOSE; DISACCHARIDE; MONOHYDRATE; SURFACES; ANALOGS; LACTOSE AB The crystal structure of beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-D-glucopyranose (alpha-cellobiose) in a complex with water and NaI was determined with Mo K-alpha radiation at 150 K to R = 0.027. The space group is P2(1) and unit cell dimensions are a = 9.0188, b = 12.2536, c = 10.9016 Angstrom, beta = 97.162degrees. There are no direct hydrogen bonds among cellobiose molecules, and the usual intramolecular hydrogen bond between O-3-H and O-5' is replaced by a bridge involving Na+, O-3, O-5', and 0-6'. Both Na+ have sixfold coordination. One I- accepts six donor hydroxyl groups and three C-H...I- hydrogen bonds. The other accepts three hydroxyls, one Na+, and five C-H...I- hydrogen bonds. Linkage torsion angles phi(O-5) and psi(C-5) are -73.6 and -105.3degrees, respectively (phi(H) = 47.1degrees and psi(H) = 14.6degrees), probably induced by the Na+ bridge. This conformation is in a separate cluster in phi, psi space from most similar linkages. Both C-6-O-H and C-6'-O-H are gg, while the C-6'-O-H groups from molecules not in the cluster have gt conformations. Hybrid molecular mechanics/quantum mechanics calculations show < 1.2 kcal/mol strain for any of the small-molecule structures. Extrapolation of the NaI cellobiose geometry to a cellulose molecule gives a left-handed helix with 2.9 residues per turn. The energy map and small-molecule crystal structures imply that cellulose helices having 2.5 and 3.0 residues per turn are left-handed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Stevens, ED (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM estevens@uno.edu; afrench@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 52 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0008-6215 EI 1873-426X J9 CARBOHYD RES JI Carbohydr. Res. PD APR 30 PY 2002 VL 337 IS 9 BP 851 EP 861 AR PII S0008-6215(02)00041-1 DI 10.1016/S0008-6215(02)00041-1 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 559PX UT WOS:000176035500010 PM 11996839 ER PT J AU Li, SF Maxwell, RJ Shadwell, RJ AF Li, SF Maxwell, RJ Shadwell, RJ TI Solubility of amphenicol bacteriostats in CO2 SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE amphenicol bacteriostats; carbon dioxide; chloramphenicol; correlation; florfenicol; thiamphenicol; solubility AB The solubilities of three veterinary amphenicol bacteriostats, chloramphenicol, florfenicol and thiamphenicol, were measured in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) by a re-circulating method at temperatures of 313.15 and 333.15 K and pressures ranging from 11.0 to 49.0 MPa. These compounds displayed very limited solubility in SC-CO2, (10(-5) to 10(-7) mole fraction) over the range of experimental conditions. Chloramphenicol had the highest observed solubility of the three amphenicols, while the solubilities of florfenicol and thiamphenicol were almost an order of magnitude lower. The experimental solubility data were correlated with seven known density-based models. The density models (ln y versus ln rho or ln rho(r)) gave better correlation than the semi-log scale of ln y versus rho(r). Four models for In E versus density correlations also gave better correlation than the semi-log scale of ln y versus rho(r) by introducing the enhancement factor E. The correlation accuracy of all the seven models mainly depends on the system investigated, measured density and temperature range. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tianjin Univ, Sch Chem Engn, State Key Lab C1 Chem Technol, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Li, SF (reprint author), Tianjin Univ, Sch Chem Engn, State Key Lab C1 Chem Technol, Tianjin 300072, Peoples R China. EM shfli@tju.edu.cn NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 EI 1879-0224 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD APR 30 PY 2002 VL 198 IS 1 BP 67 EP 80 AR PII S0378-3812(01)00745-2 DI 10.1016/S0378-3812(01)00745-2 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 553MD UT WOS:000175678300006 ER PT J AU Monserud, RA AF Monserud, RA TI Large-scale management experiments in the moist maritime forests of the Pacific Northwest SO LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING LA English DT Article DE alternative silviculture; joint production; meta-analysis; statistical power; social acceptance; pseudoreplication ID COASTAL MONTANE FORESTS; SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CONSERVATION; PSEUDOREPLICATION; METAANALYSIS; VEGETATION; RESPONSES; ECOSYSTEM AB Several large. integrated forest management experiments have been initiated in the Pacific Northwest this past decade, partially in response to contentious resource management debates. Their goal is to use alternative silviculture treatments to enhance wildlife habitat, biodiversity, or the conservation of aquatic resources in a manner that is socially acceptable. Seven of these large-scale multi-resource silvicultural experiments are examined and evaluated. in light of previous experience with large-scale experiments. All seven employ randomized block designs with replicated treatment units large and practical enough to be commercially operational (most treatment units are 13-20 ha). Because the large-scale context is designed into these experiments, results can be directly interpreted at the scale of management that produced the manipulation, eliminating a change-of-scale bias common in smaller management experiments. The considerable advantages of large, operational treatments are accompanied by their own problems, however. Because of the great expense (similar toUS$ 10(6)/block) and size (50-200 ha) of the experimental blocks, sample size is small (n < 7 blocks) on all but one experiment. This means that statistical power (the probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis) will be weak across blocks. With few replicates and high variability both within and among these large-scale treatments. investigators face the possibility that differences might only be detectable at untraditionally high significance levels, A second problem with large-scale experiments is pseudoreplication (lack of independence across replicates), which results in the strength of the experimental evidence being overstated. This is a concern for three of the experiments because their blocks are located in relatively small geographic areas. Meta-analysis (a joint hypothesis test across experiments) is proposed as an effective way to increase sample size-and, therefore, power-while accounting for the different degrees of variation across studies. Looking for commonality, all seven studies are examining the effect of alternative silvicultural on both wildlife habitat and biodiversity. A test of a common hypothesis about ecosystem management would greatly increase not only the power of the test but the return on investment from these rather expensive experiments. In addition to small sample sizes, large variability, and pseudoreplication, other problems common to large-scale experiments are evident. Forest growth experiments are inherently long-term because they are dominated by slow processes with strong transient dynamics. Investigators are faced with institutional and academic demands for short-term results that not only are publishable but also can justify the large investments. The realities of the timber-sale process delayed or eliminated several blocks on at least three of the experiments. Randomization becomes a serious concern for the forest manager, because a clearcut or heavy removal treatment could be assigned to a highly visible location that might be socially unacceptable. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. RP Monserud, RA (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 94 TC 36 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-2046 J9 LANDSCAPE URBAN PLAN JI Landsc. Urban Plan. PD APR 30 PY 2002 VL 59 IS 3 BP 159 EP 180 AR PII S0169-2046(02)00013-0 DI 10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00013-0 PG 22 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical; Urban Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; Urban Studies GA 554PA UT WOS:000175743600003 ER PT J AU Milbury, PE Cao, GH Prior, RL Blumberg, J AF Milbury, PE Cao, GH Prior, RL Blumberg, J TI Bioavailablility of elderberry anthocyanins SO MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International NILS Workshop on Longevity Sciences CY NOV 30-DEC 01, 2000 CL AICHI, JAPAN SP Japan Fdn Aging & Hlth DE anthocyanins; flavonoids; antioxidant; pharmacokinetics; absorption; elderly; elderberry ID CHERRIES PRUNUS-CERASUS; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; TART CHERRIES; QUERCETIN GLUCOSIDES; RED WINE; FLAVONOIDS; ABSORPTION; TEA; CONSUMPTION; VEGETABLES AB Considerable epidemiological evidence suggests a link between the consumption of diets rich in fruits and vegetables and a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease and cancers. Anthocyanins have received attention as important dietary constituents that may provide health benefits and contribute antioxidant capacity beyond that provided by essential micronutrients such as ascorbate, tocopherols, and selenium. The emergence of renewed interest by industrial countries in traditional herbal medicines and the development of 'functional foods' are stimulating the need for more information regarding the bioavailability and efficacy of plant polyphenols. Flavonoids represent a numerous group of secondary plant metabolites based on the structure of a pyran ring flanked by two or more phenyl rings and varying subtly in the degree of unsaturation and the pattern of hydroxylation or methylation. Flavonoids also vary in the type of sugar attached or the degree of polymerization. Anthocyanins, potent flavonoid antioxidants widely distributed in fruits, vegetables and red wines, normally occur in nature as glycosides, a form not usually considered as bioavailable. We have examined the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of anthocyanins in humans. Anthocyanins were detected as glycosides in both plasma and urine samples. The elimination of plasma anthocyanins appeared to follow first-order kinetics and most anthocyanin compounds were excreted in urine within 4 h after feeding. The current findings appear to refute assumptions that anthocyanins are not absorbed in their unchanged glycosylated forms in humans. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Milbury, PE (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Antioxidants Res Lab, Room 507,711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 31 TC 94 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0047-6374 J9 MECH AGEING DEV JI Mech. Ageing Dev. PD APR 30 PY 2002 VL 123 IS 8 BP 997 EP 1006 AR PII S0047-6374(01)00383-9 DI 10.1016/S0047-6374(01)00383-9 PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 580MN UT WOS:000177238500022 PM 12044949 ER PT J AU Matsuoka, Y Vigouroux, Y Goodman, MM Sanchez, GJ Buckler, E Doebley, J AF Matsuoka, Y Vigouroux, Y Goodman, MM Sanchez, GJ Buckler, E Doebley, J TI A single domestication for maize shown by multilocus microsatellite genotyping SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ZEA-MAYS L.; GENETIC DISTANCES; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN; DIVERSITY; TEOSINTE; MEXICO; LOCI AB There exists extraordinary morphological and genetic diversity among the maize landraces that have been developed by pre-Columbian cultivators. To explain this high level of diversity in maize, several authors have proposed that maize landraces were the products of multiple independent domestications from their wild relative (teosinte). We present phylogenetic analyses based on 264 individual plants, each genotyped at 99 microsatellites, that challenge the multiple-origins hypothesis. Instead, our results indicate that all maize arose from a single domestication in southern Mexico about 9,000 years ago. Our analyses also indicate that the oldest surviving maize types are those of the Mexican highlands with maize spreading from this region over the Americas along two major paths. Our phylogenetic work is consistent with a model based on the archaeological record suggesting that maize diversified in the highlands of Mexico before spreading to the lowlands. We also found only modest evidence for postdomestication gene flow from teosinte into maize. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Genet, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Guadalajara, Ctr Univ Cienicas Biol & Agropecuarias, Zapopan 45110, Jalisco, Mexico. RP Doebley, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Genet Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI vigouroux, Yves/A-9056-2011; OI Buckler, Edward/0000-0002-3100-371X; Vigouroux, Yves/0000-0002-8361-6040 NR 32 TC 497 Z9 533 U1 12 U2 90 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 30 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 9 BP 6080 EP 6084 DI 10.1073/pnas.052125199 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 548FK UT WOS:000175377800061 PM 11983901 ER PT J AU Tuo, WB O'Rourke, KI Zhuang, DY Cheevers, WP Spraker, TR Knowles, DP AF Tuo, WB O'Rourke, KI Zhuang, DY Cheevers, WP Spraker, TR Knowles, DP TI Pregnancy status and fetal prion genetics determine PrPSc accumulation in placentomes of scrapie-infected sheep SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID NATURAL SCRAPIE; LYMPHOID-TISSUE; SUFFOLK SHEEP; PROTEIN; POLYMORPHISMS; DIAGNOSIS; ISOFORMS; AGENT; BRAIN AB Ovine scrapie is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that may be transmitted through exposure to infected uterine and placental tissues. Susceptibility to scrapie is primarily controlled by polymorphisms in the prion protein (PrP) gene. Scrapie in the U.S. Suffolk breed and in many breeds in Europe occurs in sheep homozygous for glutamine (171QQ), but rarely in sheep heterozygous for glutamine and arginine (171QR) or homozygous for arginine (171RR) at codon 171 of the PrP gene. This study demonstrated that accumulation of PrPSc in uteri ne-placenta I epithelial cells in the placentome was determined by fetal PrP genotype and the pregnancy status of scrapie-infected ewes. PrPSc was detected in 171QQ placentomes of infected ewes, but not in placentomes of infected ewes pregnant with 171QR conceptuses or in the non-pregnant uterus of infected ewes. The distribution of PrPSc plaques in placentomes was temporally associated with stage of gestation. There was a tendency toward increased size and number of placentomal PrPSc plaques from the endometrial stalk (maternal side) to chorionic plate (fetal side). These results indicate that accumulation of PrPSc is eliminated or reduced to undetectable levels in reproductive and placental tissues if infected ewes are not pregnant or conceive conceptuses with a resistant PrP genotype. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Colorado State Univ, Colorado State Diagnost Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Tuo, WB (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Room 3003 ABDF, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 30 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 30 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 9 BP 6310 EP 6315 DI 10.1073/pnas.072071199 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 548FK UT WOS:000175377800101 PM 11959902 ER PT J AU Cossio-Bayugar, R Pillars, R Schlater, J Holman, PJ AF Cossio-Bayugar, R Pillars, R Schlater, J Holman, PJ TI Theileria buffeli infection of a Michigan cow confirmed by small subunit ribosomal RNA gene analysis SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE intraerythrocytic parasite; RNA; RT-PCR; SSU rRNA gene; Theileria sp ID OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; SEQUENCES AB Theileria buffeli, generally a benign parasite of cattle, has been reported in animals from Texas, Missouri and North Carolina. To date, there have been no reports of the parasite in cattle residing in northern portions of the US. An 8-year-old cow (Maine Anjou x Angus cross-bred) in Michigan presented with hemoglobinuria and a packed cell volume of 9. Blood films stained with Giemsa showed numerous intraerythrocytic parasites morphologically consistent with T buffeli. The parasite was confirmed to be T buffeli by SSU rRNA gene sequence analysis (SSU rRNA sequence, Type A). This represents the first report of this parasite in an animal in Michigan. Crown Copyright (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Texas Vet Med Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Michigan State Univ Extens, Dairy AOE, Hillsdale, MI 49242 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Holman, PJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Texas Vet Med Ctr, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD APR 30 PY 2002 VL 105 IS 2 BP 105 EP 110 AR PII S0304-4017(02)00003-1 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(02)00003-1 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 536CY UT WOS:000174684200003 PM 11900924 ER PT J AU Turner, BL Paphazy, MJ Haygarth, PM McKelvie, ID AF Turner, BL Paphazy, MJ Haygarth, PM McKelvie, ID TI Inositol phosphates in the environment SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON SERIES B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE inositol phosphates; phytic acid; organic phosphorus; soils; sediments; bioavailability ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS; SOLUBLE UNREACTIVE PHOSPHORUS; ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; AL-27 MAS NMR; PHYTIC ACID; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; MYOINOSITOL HEXAPHOSPHATE; INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS AB The inositol phosphates are a group of organic phosphorus compounds found widely in the natural environment, but that represent the greatest gap in our understanding of the global phosphorus cycle. They exist as inositols in various states of phosphorylation (bound to between one and six phosphate groups) and isomeric forms (e.g. myo, D-chiro, scyllo, neo), although myo-inositol hexakisphosphate is by far the most prevalent form in nature. In terrestrial environments, inositol phosphates are principally derived from plants and accumulate in soils to become the dominant class of organic phosphorus compounds. Inositol phosphates are also present in large amounts in aquatic environments, where they may contribute to eutrophication. Despite the prevalence of inositol phosphates in the environment, their cycling, mobility and bioavailability are poorly understood. This is largely related to analytical difficulties associated with the extraction, separation and detection of inositol phosphates in environmental samples. This review summarizes the current knowledge of inositol phosphates in the environment and the analytical techniques currently available for their detection in environmental samples. Recent advances in technology, such as the development of suitable chromatographic and capillary electrophoresis separation techniques, should help to elucidate some of the more pertinent questions regarding inositol phosphates in the natural environment. C1 Monash Univ, Water Studies Ctr, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Monash Univ, Sch Chem, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Inst Grassland & Environm Res, Soil Sci Grp, Okehampton EX20 2SB, Devon, England. RP Turner, BL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E Kimberly, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RI McKelvie, Ian/A-1382-2008; Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; Haygarth, Philip/F-6790-2014; OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; McKelvie, Ian/0000-0003-1199-180X NR 211 TC 308 Z9 326 U1 6 U2 120 PU ROYAL SOC LONDON PI LONDON PA 6 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 J9 PHILOS T ROY SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci. PD APR 29 PY 2002 VL 357 IS 1420 BP 449 EP 469 DI 10.1098/rstb.2001.0837 PG 21 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 551BT UT WOS:000175540200003 PM 12028785 ER PT J AU Vasilevich, NI Sachinvala, ND Maskos, K Coy, DH AF Vasilevich, NI Sachinvala, ND Maskos, K Coy, DH TI Selective conversion of O-succinimidyl carbamates to N-(O-carbamoyl)-succinmonoamides and ureas SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE N-(O-carbamoyl)-succinmonoamides; ureas; di-N-hydroxy-succinimidyl carbonate; O-succinimidyl carbamate; N-acyl-O-carbamoyl hydroxylamine derivatives ID CHELATION-THERAPY; C-13 ASSIGNMENTS; H-1-NMR SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPY; NMR; SENSITIVITY; DEFEROXAMINE; DERIVATIVES; OLIGOUREAS; ACIDS AB N-Monoalkyl-O-succinimidyl carbamates reacted with primary and secondary amines to produce ureas. However, N,N-dialkyl-O-succinimidyl carbamates reacted with primary and secondary amines, via succinimide ring opening, to afford N-(O-carbamoyl)-succinmonoamide derivatives. This ring-opening trend was also true with hydroxy and alkoxy nucleophiles. Herein, general methods for the synthesis and NMR characterization of N-(O-carbamoyl)-succinmonoamides are reported. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Peptide Res Lab, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Tulane Univ, Coordinated Instrumentat Facil, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Vasilevich, NI (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Peptide Res Lab, 1430 Tulane Ave,SL12, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD APR 29 PY 2002 VL 43 IS 18 BP 3443 EP 3445 AR PII S0040-4039(02)00554-3 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(02)00554-3 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 548ZZ UT WOS:000175421200047 ER PT J AU Gardea-Torresdey, J Hejazi, M Tiemann, K Parsons, JG Duarte-Gardea, M Henning, J AF Gardea-Torresdey, J Hejazi, M Tiemann, K Parsons, JG Duarte-Gardea, M Henning, J TI Use of hop (Humulus lupulus) agricultural by-products for the reduction of aqueous lead(II) environmental health hazards SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE bioremediation; phytoremediation; hops; agricultural by-products; lead binding ID MEDICAGO-SATIVA ALFALFA; METAL-ION BINDING; COPPER ADSORPTION; BIOMASS; REMOVAL; PHYTOFILTRATION; ESTERIFICATION; CHROMIUM; CR(III); WASTE AB The agricultural by-products of the hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.) were investigated to determine their potential for use in the removal of heavy lead(II) ions from contaminated aqueous solutions. Separate batch laboratory experiments were performed to establish the optimal binding pH, time exposures, and capacity of the metal adsorption for lead(H) ions by dried and ground hop leaves and stems biomass. Results from these studies have shown a pH dependent binding trend from pH 2-6, with optimum binding occurring around pH 5.0. Time dependency experiments showed a rapid adsorption of lead(H) ions within the first 5 min of contact. Binding capacity experiments demonstrated that 74.2 mg of lead(II) were bound per gram of leaf biomass. Similarly overall capacity was seen for the leaves and stems. Desorption of 99% of the bound lead(H) ions was achieved by exposing the metal laden biomass to 0.5 M sodium citrate. Further experiments were performed with silica-immobilized hop tissues to determine the lead(II) binding ability under flow conditions. Comparison studies were performed with ion-exchange resins to evaluate the binding ability and to gain further insight into the metal binding mechanism. X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments were also utilized to gain further insight into the possible lead(II) binding mechanism by the hop plant tissue. Results from these studies indicate that carboxyl ligands are involved in the binding of lead(H) from aqueous solution. These findings show that the use of hop agricultural waste products may be a viable alternative, for the removal and recovery of aqueous lead(II) ions from contaminated waters. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Environm Sci & Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Allied Hlth, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, USDA ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Gardea-Torresdey, J (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Environm Sci & Engn, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [S06 GM8012-30] NR 41 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD APR 26 PY 2002 VL 91 IS 1-3 BP 95 EP 112 AR PII S0304-3894(01)00363-6 DI 10.1016/S0304-3894(01)00363-6 PG 18 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 534NY UT WOS:000174593500006 PM 11900908 ER PT J AU Mendonca, S Johnson, GP French, AD Laine, RA AF Mendonca, S Johnson, GP French, AD Laine, RA TI Conformational analyses of native and permethylated disaccharides SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COLLISIONAL-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; LINKAGE POSITION DETERMINATION; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL CALCULATION; CARBOHYDRATE MODEL COMPOUNDS; ATOM-BOMBARDMENT IONIZATION; MM3; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; CELLOBIOSE; SURFACES AB Effects of permethylation on disaccharide conformation were studied with relaxed-residue phi,psi maps for eight disaccharides of glucose and their permethylated derivatives. Many orientations of the methyl groups were generated with the conformation generator in the Chem-X software program and filtered with a rules-based method. For native molecules, clockwise and counterclockwise rings of hydrogen bonds were also used. MM3(96) energies were calculated with a dielectric constant (epsilon) of 1.5. The native disaccharide maps were also calculated at epsilon = 3.5 and 7.5 to reduce hydrogen-bonding strength. Maps for native and permethylated structures were generally similar. The permethylated structures, which do not make hydrogen bonds, gave maps that were most similar to the native maps that had reduced hydrogen-bonding strength. All phi,psi values for the global minima of the permethylated models fell within the 1-kcal/mol contours on the epsilon = 7.5 maps. Flexibility values based on a partition function were substantially less for permethylated alpha,alpha-trehalose and laminarabiose, compared to their native counterparts at any epsilon. On the other hand, strong interresidue hydrogen bonding at epsilon = 1.5 for the global minimum structures of cellobiose and maltose caused those models to be more rigid than their permethylated counterparts. All permethylated models were less flexible than their native counterparts at epsilon = 7.5 and their backbone analogues based on tetrahydropyran calculated at epsilon = 1.5. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP French, AD (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM afrench@srrc.ars.usda.gov RI Laine, Roger A/B-9434-2014 OI Laine, Roger A/0000-0001-5984-4409 NR 27 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 25 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 16 BP 4115 EP 4124 DI 10.1021/jp013290u PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 544PR UT WOS:000175169600017 ER PT J AU Buser, MD Abbas, HK AF Buser, MD Abbas, HK TI Effects of extrusion temperature and dwell time on aflatoxin levels in cottonseed SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cottonseed; Aspergillus flavus; extrusion; aflatoxin; processing ID CORN GRITS; FUMONISIN B-1; STABILITY; FOODS; FEEDS AB Cottonseed is an economical source of protein and is commonly used in balancing livestock rations; however, its use is typically limited by protein, fat, gossypol, and aflatoxin contents, Whole cottonseed was extruded to determine if the temperature and dwell time (multiple stages of processing) associated with the process affected aflatoxin levels. The extrusion temperature study showed that aflatoxin levels were reduced by an additional 33% when the cottonseed was extruded at 160 degreesC as compared to 104 degreesC. Furthermore, the multiple-pass extrusion study indicated that aflatoxin levels were reduced by an additional 55% when the cottonseed was extruded four times as compared to one time. To estimate the aflatoxin reductions due to extrusion temperature and dwell time, the least mean fits obtained for the individual studies were combined. Total estimated reductions of 55% (three stages of processing at 104 degreesC), 50% (two stages of processing at 132 degreesC), and 47% (one stage of processing at 160 degreesC) were obtained from the combined equations. If the extreme conditions (four stages of processing at 160 degreesC) of the evaluation studies are applied to the combined temperature and processing equation, the resulting aflatoxin reduction would be 76%. C1 USDA ARS, Cotton Ginning Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. USDA ARS, Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Buser, MD (reprint author), 111 Expt Stn Rd,POB 256, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 24 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 9 BP 2556 EP 2559 DI 10.1021/jf011479x PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 544PC UT WOS:000175168200015 PM 11958621 ER PT J AU Grabber, JH Panciera, MT Hatfield, RD AF Grabber, JH Panciera, MT Hatfield, RD TI Chemical composition and enzymatic degradability of xylem and nonxylem walls isolated from alfalfa internodes SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Medicago sativa; xylem; cell wall; fiber; pectin; cellulose; xylan; xyloglucan; lignin; degradability; digestibility ID SCLERENCHYMA CELL-WALLS; FERULATE CROSS-LINKS; RED-CLOVER; INVITRO DIGESTIBILITY; FIBER DEGRADATION; DETERMINE LIGNIN; MAIZE WALLS; STEMS; LEAVES; FORAGE AB During plant maturation, degradability of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stems declines due to accumulation of highly lignified xylary tissue. Xylem and nonxylem tissues dissected from lower alfalfa internodes were analyzed for cell wall constituents and degradability. Cell walls comprised 740 mg g(-1) of xylem and 533 mg g-1 of nonxylem tissues. Xylem tissues contributed about 60% of the cell wall mass in internodes. Xylem walls contained 28% lignin, 4% pectin, 29% hemicellulose, and 39% cellulose as compared to 15% lignin, 25% pectin, 30% hemicellulose, and 30% cellulose in nonxylem walls. Fungal enzymes hydrolyzed 22 and 73% of the structural carbohydrates in xylem and nonxylem walls, respectively. In both cell wall fractions, the release of xylose was 56-90% lower than that of other sugars, indicating that lignin preferentially restricted xylan degradation in secondary walls and xyloglucan degradation in primary walls. Elucidation of lignin-xylose interactions may reveal strategies for improving fiber degradability of alfalfa. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Berea Coll, Dept Agr & Nat Resources, Berea, KY 40404 USA. RP Grabber, JH (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 24 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 9 BP 2595 EP 2600 DI 10.1021/jf011598c PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 544PC UT WOS:000175168200022 PM 11958628 ER PT J AU Rudell, DR Mattinson, DS Mattheis, JP Wyllie, SG Fellman, JK AF Rudell, DR Mattinson, DS Mattheis, JP Wyllie, SG Fellman, JK TI Investigations of aroma volatile biosynthesis under anoxic conditions and in different tissues of "Redchief Delicious" apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh.) SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Malus domestica; apple; aroma; controlled atmosphere; anatomy; anoxia ID CONTROLLED-ATMOSPHERE STORAGE; FATTY-ACIDS; ALCOHOL ACETYLTRANSFERASE; METABOLISM; ESTERS; ACYLTRANSFERASE; PURIFICATION; EXPRESSION; ETHYLENE; TERM AB Disks from different tissues were obtained from "Redchief Delicious" apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh.) and analyzed for the ability to metabolize 1-pentanol as well as synthesize constitutive esters and alcohols under anoxic and aerobic conditions. The skin tissue displayed a greater capacity to synthesize pentanal, pentyl acetate, pentyl propionate, pentyl butyrate, and pentyl hexanoate than the hypanthial and carpellary tissues during incubation with 1-pentanol. With the exception of pentyl acetate and pentyl propionate biosynthesis, the hypanthial tissue synthesized these compounds at a higher rate than the carpellary tissue. Anoxia inhibited both constituent and 1-pentanol-derived ester biosynthesis. While anoxia inhibited ester biosynthesis, ethanol biosynthesis increased at a greater rate in tissue disks held under these conditions. Biosynthesis of 1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, and 1-hexanol was greater in tissue disks held in air during the first part of the measurement period and dropped off more rapidly than those transpiring in tissue disks held under anoxic conditions. The biosynthetic rates of all esters, both constituent and 1-pentanol-derived, increased as a result of air exposure. While hypoxic or anoxic conditions may promote ethanol synthesis, these conditions also appear to inhibit the formation of the ethanol-derived esters partially responsible for the off-flavor in apples attributed to ultralow O-2 controlled atmosphere storage. C1 USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Univ Western Sydney, Ctr Biostruct & Biomol Res, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia. RP Fellman, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Tree Fruit Res Lab, 1104 N Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. NR 40 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 24 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 9 BP 2627 EP 2632 DI 10.1021/jf011152w PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 544PC UT WOS:000175168200027 PM 11958633 ER PT J AU Shelver, WL Shan, GM Gee, SJ Stanker, LH Hammock, BD AF Shelver, WL Shan, GM Gee, SJ Stanker, LH Hammock, BD TI Comparison of immunoaffinity column recovery patterns of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans on columns generated with different monoclonal antibody clones and polyclonal antibodies SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE dioxins; furans; IAC; residues; isolation ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIOXIN; CLEANUP; ONLINE; FLUOROQUINOLONES; IMMUNOASSAYS; BINDING; MILK AB Evaluation of immunoaffinity columns (IACs) for dioxin serum sample clean-up requires a determination of the recovery of various dioxin congeners. We compared the IAC performance of different monoclonal and polyclonal anti-dioxin antibodies, measuring the recovery of congeners of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs). In addition, we measured the recovery of congeners of the structurally related polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). The polyclonal antibody based IACs evaluated had lower recovery for highly chlorinated dioxin congeners, but were more specific toward 2,3,7,8-TCDD. The resemblance of the hapten to 2,3,7,8-TCDD appeared to play a clear role, but chlorines in the 2-, 3- and 7-positions of the hapten were essential. Recovery of 2,3,7,8-TCDD from the IAC showed some relation to the affinity for the antibody measured by either the K-a from accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) or with 50% inhibition of color activity (IC50) determined from an ELISA analysis. The IACs prepared from four monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) derived from a common hapten showed differences in their retention patterns of PCDDs/PCDFs. Comparison Of IC50 from ELISA with recovery from the IACs indicated that a minimum IC50 of 100 ppb was required for satisfactory recovery from the IAC, but the correlation was poor, indicating other factors were involved. Mab DD3 showed the broadest spectrum of the Mabs and showed satisfactory recoveries of all of the dioxin congeners, except OCDD. In addition, DD3 showed good recovery toward 2,3,4,8-TCDF, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF and 2,3,4,6,7,8-HxCDF but has poor recovery when PCDFs have a chlorine substitution in the 1-position. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Entomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Ctr Canc Res, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, W Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Shelver, WL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, POB 5674, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD APR 22 PY 2002 VL 457 IS 2 BP 199 EP 209 AR PII S0003-2670(02)00019-3 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(02)00019-3 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 544RB UT WOS:000175173200006 ER PT J AU Curren, MSS King, JW AF Curren, MSS King, JW TI New sample preparation technique for the determination of avoparcin in pressurized hot water extracts from kidney samples SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE sample preparation; pressurized liquid extraction; hydrophilic interaction chromatography; avoparcin; glycopeptides; subcritical water ID HYDROPHILIC-INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY; ELECTROSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SUBCRITICAL WATER; RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI; POLAR COMPOUNDS; DRUG DISCOVERY; PEPTIDES; POULTRY; PHASE AB A new approach is presented for the determination of avoparcin in tissue. Complete recovery from spiked swine kidney was achieved with hot water modified with 30% ethanol (v/v). The samples were extracted at 75 degreesC and 50 atm by accelerated solvent extraction. In situ sample clean-up was achieved by using matrix solid-phase dispersion utilizing the acrylic polymer XAD-7 HP, and by adding triethylammonium phosphate (TEAP) to the extraction solvent. The aqueous extracts were concentrated by solid-phase extraction (SPE) on the hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) material polyhydroxyethyl aspartamide. Complete analyte retention was possible during SPE when the kidney extracts were modified with 70% ethanol. A 200 Angstrom, 5 mum HILIC column with UV225 detection was used for the separation of avoparcin. The retention time was less than 15 min with 47% aqueous component in acetonitrile and 15 mM TEAP as eluent. The average recovery of avoparcin from kidney samples was 108%. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Curren, MSS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 20 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD APR 19 PY 2002 VL 954 IS 1-2 BP 41 EP 49 AR PII S0021-9673(02)00178-4 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(02)00178-4 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 548QW UT WOS:000175401400004 PM 12058916 ER PT J AU Hammel, KE Kapich, AN Jensen, KA Ryan, ZC AF Hammel, KE Kapich, AN Jensen, KA Ryan, ZC TI Reactive oxygen species as agents of wood decay by fungi SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Biotechnology in the Pulp and Paper Industry CY JUN 04-08, 2001 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP European Union, 5th Framework Programme, Qual Life & Management Living Resource, European COST Org, Acad Finland, TAPPI, Finnish Forest Ind Assoc, AB Enzymes Finland, Genencor, Hercules, Iogen, Novozymes DE wood decay fungi; white rot; brown rot; soft rot; hydroxyl radical; peroxyl radicals; Fenton chemistry ID BROWN-ROT FUNGUS; BASIDIOMYCETE GLOEOPHYLLUM-TRABEUM; HYDROXYL RADICAL ACTIVITY; PHENOL OXIDASE ACTIVITY; ONE-ELECTRON OXIDATION; PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; LIGNIN PEROXIDASE; CELLOBIOSE OXIDASE; CERIPORIOPSIS-SUBVERMISPORA AB Although many wood decay basidiomycetes secrete oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes that participate in lignocellulose biodedgradation, it is generally recognized now that these enzymes cannot penetrate sound wood, and that fungi must employ smaller agents to initiate decay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are likely candidates. and evidence is accumulating that some wood decay fungi produce these oxidants. For example, we have observed that. when they grow on wood, white rot and brown rot basidiomycetes degrade polyethylene glycol, a recalcitrant polymer that resists attack by species other than nonspecific. extracellular oxidants. By contrast, xylariaceous ascomycetes do not degrade polyethylene glycol. and therefore do not produce these oxidants when they degrade wood. The ROS that basidiomycetes employ remain unidentified in most cases. but the hydroxy I radical (.OH) is a likely participant, because there is a well-established pathway for its production via the Fenton reaction (H2O2 + Fe2+ + H+ --> H2O + Fe3+ + .OH). The two best documented fungal pathways for .OH production involve the extracellular reduction of Fe3+ and O-2 by cellobiose dehydrogenase or by secreted hydroquinones, Peroxyl (ROO.) and hydroperoxyl (.OOH) radicals. although they are weaker oxidants, may also be involved in wood decay because they are produced via reactions of .OH and by some fungal enzymes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Hammel, KE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RI Hammel, Kenneth/G-1890-2011 OI Hammel, Kenneth/0000-0002-2935-5847 NR 64 TC 199 Z9 210 U1 4 U2 55 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD APR 16 PY 2002 VL 30 IS 4 BP 445 EP 453 AR PII S0141-0229(02)00011-X DI 10.1016/S0141-0229(02)00011-X PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 546PR UT WOS:000175283000003 ER PT J AU Gan, JY Wang, QQ Yates, SR Koskinen, WC Jury, WA AF Gan, JY Wang, QQ Yates, SR Koskinen, WC Jury, WA TI Dechlorination of chloroacetanilide herbicides by thiosulfate salts SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES; AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE; ALACHLOR; TRANSFORMATION; BIOREMEDIATION; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; DETOXIFICATION; METOLACHLOR; METABOLISM; SOIL AB Halogenated organic compounds (XOCs) are among the most widely used synthetic chemicals. Many XOCs are recalcitrant to natural degradation and have become prominent environmental contaminants. One group of such XOCs are the heavily used chloroacetanilide herbicides. We have found that chloroacetanilide herbicides are rapidly dechlorinated in water, sand, and soil by thiosulfate salts under ambient conditions. Structural and kinetics analysis suggests that the reaction occurred by S(N)2 nucleophilic substitution, in which the chlorine was replaced by thiosulfate and the herbicide was detoxified. Laboratory studies showed that this reaction could be used for removing residues of chloroacetanilide herbicides in water, soil, and sand. Our findings also suggest that some other XOCs may be subject to this reaction. Because common thiosulfate salts are innocuous products (e.g., fertilizers) and the reaction selectively detoxifies XOCs at low thiosulfate levels, this discovery may lead to a new way for safe removal of certain XOCs from the environment. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Jury, WA (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, 2208 Geol Bldg, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 25 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 16 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 8 BP 5189 EP 5194 DI 10.1073/pnas.042105199 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 543DX UT WOS:000175087000085 PM 11943844 ER PT J AU Stellflug, JN AF Stellflug, JN TI Influence of classification levels of ram sexual activity on spring breeding ewes SO ANIMAL REPRODUCTION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ram; libido; spring breeding; pregnancy ID BEHAVIOR; REPRODUCTION; PHOTOPERIOD; PERFORMANCE; MELATONIN AB Ram lambs (7-8 months old) and mature rams (19-20 months old) were used to evaluate the effect of classification levels of male sexual performance on reproductive performance of ewes during spring breeding. In Exp. 1, sexually active ram lambs with high (1.8 +/- 0.3; n = 5) and low (0.9 +/- 0.2; n = 5) sexual performance scores (HP and LP; mean S.E.M.) were used in single sire breeding pens. Ewes (n = 305) were stratified by age and assigned to 10 pens for 34 days starting in late March. For Exps. 2 and 3, two replicates were conducted for 2 years with sexually active mature rams in a single sire mating scheme. For Exp. 2, HP rams (n = 5) averaged 3.6 +/- 0.2 ejaculations and LP rams (n = 7) 1.8 0.2 ejaculations for sexual performance scores based on nine, 30 min serving capacity tests (SCT). Polypay ewes (n = 152 to 153 per year) were stratified by age and assigned to pens each year for 34-38 days starting in late March for years 1 and 2. For Exp. 3, HP rams (n = 6) averaged 3.7 +/- 0.1 ejaculations and LP rams (n = 10) 2.3 +/- 0.1 ejaculations for sexual performance scores based on 18, 30 min SCT. Polypay ewes (n = 229 in year 3 and n = 244 in year 4) were stratified by age and assigned to pens each year for 34 days starting in late March. In Exp. 1, lambing rates for ewes bred to HP versus LP ram lambs did not differ (65.8 versus 53.0; P = 0.20). Prolificacy tended (P = 0.06) to be increased by 0.1 lambs in ewes bred by LP ram lambs. Total number of lambs born per ewe present at lambing, and lambing distribution were not altered by HP and LP ram lambs. In Exp. 2, lambing rates for fall-lambing ewes bred to mature HP or LP rams did not differ (58.1 versus 60.1; P = 0.78). In Exp. 3, lambing rates for fall-lambing ewes bred to mature HP or LP rams did not differ (74.3 versus 69.0; P = 0.35). There was no difference (P > 0.10) between years for Exp. 2 or Exp. 3, and mature HP and LP rams did not affect the other reproductive variables monitored. Analyses of the combined data for Exps. 2 and 3 indicated only a year difference (P < 0.001) in lambing rates and total lambs born. Present studies indicate that different sexual performance classifications for ram lambs and mature rams did not alter lambing rates or distribution of lambing of Polypays bred in late March to April. These results indicate that HP and LP, sexually active, Polypay rams and ram lambs with average to high quality semen can provide a source of rams for spring breeding Polypays in ambient conditions and that there was no advantage to using HP over sexually active LP ram lambs or rams. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Stellflug, JN (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, HC 62,Box 2010, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4320 J9 ANIM REPROD SCI JI Anim. Reprod. Sci. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 70 IS 3-4 BP 203 EP 214 AR PII S0378-4320(02)00008-8 DI 10.1016/S0378-4320(02)00008-8 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Reproductive Biology SC Agriculture; Reproductive Biology GA 557DG UT WOS:000175891800005 PM 11943490 ER PT J AU Weber, GF Bronson, RT Ilagan, J Cantor, H Schmits, R Mak, TW AF Weber, GF Bronson, RT Ilagan, J Cantor, H Schmits, R Mak, TW TI Absence of the CD44 gene prevents sarcoma metastasis SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN COLON CARCINOMAS; INFLUENCES GROWTH; CELL-SURFACE; APC GENE; MICE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TUMORIGENESIS; EXPRESSION; MUTATION; BINDING AB To test the role of the CD44 gene in tumorigenesis, mice with the min mutation of the APC gene or with the tm1 mutation of the p53 gene were crossed with CD44 knockout mice. The absence of CD44 gene products did not affect tumor incidence or survival; however, mice with disruption of the CD44 gene showed virtually aborted metastasis formation of osteosarcomas. This is in agreement with the role attributed to CD44 variants in the spread of cancer. Therefore, CD44 gene products are not essential for tumor incidence and growth but are important in regulating metastasis formation. C1 Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Canc Immunol & AIDS, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ontario Canc Inst, Dept Cellular & Mol Biol, Toronto, ON M56 2M9, Canada. RP Weber, GF (reprint author), Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, NEMC 824,750 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 76176]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 12184] NR 22 TC 100 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 62 IS 8 BP 2281 EP 2286 PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 543ML UT WOS:000175105700016 PM 11956084 ER PT J AU Papiernik, SK Yates, SR AF Papiernik, SK Yates, SR TI Effect of environmental conditions on the permeability of high density polyethylene film to fumigant vapors SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHYL-BROMIDE VOLATILIZATION; SOIL FUMIGATION; PROPARGYL BROMIDE; TEMPERATURE; EMISSIONS; 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE; DEGRADATION; FIELD AB Soil fumigation in greenhouses or agricultural fields often includes tarping the soil surface with polyethylene (PE) films to contain the fumigant in the soil and reduce emissions to the atmosphere. Previous research has demonstrated that PE films are permeable to methyl bromide and other fumigant compounds. In these experiments, the effect of temperature, fumigant mixtures, condensed water, and field aging on the permeability of high-density polyethylene (HOPE) was determined. Mass transfer coefficients (h, a measure of permeability) of the fumigants methyl bromide, 1,3-dichloropropene, propargyl bromide, and chloropicrin across HOPE films were determined. In these studies, temperature and HOPE film type had the largest impact on the h of fumigant compounds across HOPE films. Other factors investigated, including fumigant mixtures, condensed water on the film, and field aging of UV-stabilized film, did not have a significant impact on h, The results of these experiments suggest that the permeability of an intact piece of an agricultural film will increase with increasing temperature but is relatively constant despite changes in other environmental conditions. C1 USDA ARS, Jr Salinity Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Papiernik, SK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jr Salinity Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 35 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1833 EP 1838 DI 10.1021/es011252i PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 541GF UT WOS:000174976300028 PM 11993884 ER PT J AU Christ, MJ Peterjohn, WT Cumming, JR Adams, MB AF Christ, MJ Peterjohn, WT Cumming, JR Adams, MB TI Nitrification potentials and landscape, soil and vegetation characteristics in two Central Appalachian watersheds differing in NO3- export SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE net nitrification potential; nitrogen saturation; Central Appalachia; base cations; C : N; species composition ID NITROGEN SATURATION; FORESTED WATERSHEDS; ECOSYSTEMS; MINERALIZATION; AVAILABILITY; TEMPERATURE; DEPOSITION; RESPONSES; CHEMISTRY; PATTERNS AB Two watersheds within 1 km of each other in the Central Appalachian mountains of West Virginia have similar management histories and receive 13 kg of N in atmospheric deposition, but NO3- export from one watershed (W4) has increased over the last 30 years, and is now approximately five times greater than NO3- export from the other (W10). We measured net nitrification potentials (NNP) and other landscape, soil, and plant community variables (1) to determine whether differences in leaching could be attributed to differences in NNP, (2) to identify other significant differences between the watersheds, (3) to identify variables that could account for both between- and within-watershed variability in NNP, and (4) to identify readily measured variables that distinguish plots with relatively high or low NNP. NNPs in W4 were 0.84 kg N ha(-1) per day, approximately three times higher than those on W10. Watershed 4 lay at a slightly higher elevation, had gentler slopes, a thinner forest floor, lower C:N in the 0-10 cm soil layer, lower tree density, greater basal area in Acer saccharum, less basal area in Quercus prinus and Amelanchier arborea, more frequent occurrences of A. saccharum seedlings, Laportea canadensis, Polystichum acrostichoides, Trillium sp., Uvularia sessilifolia and Viola spp., and fewer occurrences of Gaultheria procumbens, and Viburnum acerifolum. NNPs were correlated with many soil characteristics related to base cation supply, C:N and water holding capacity (WHC). Several two- and three-variable regression models, which were mostly based on soil characteristics, accounted for a large proportion of the variability in NNP (adjusted R-2 > 0.60), as well as for the difference between watershed means (t-test of residuals indicate no significant difference). A regression model based on basal area of A. saccharum and A. rubrum and the presence or absence of Trillium accounted for 50% of the variability in NNP. At this high-deposition site, plots with soils that had higher pHs, greater base cation supply and WHC, and lower C:N were more susceptible to NO3- leaching and N saturation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Forest Expt Stn, Parsons, WV 26287 USA. RP Christ, MJ (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 45 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 159 IS 3 BP 145 EP 158 AR PII S0378-1127(00)00725-8 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00725-8 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 538NL UT WOS:000174822000002 ER PT J AU Deal, RL Tappeiner, JC AF Deal, RL Tappeiner, JC TI The effects of partial cutting on stand structure and growth of western hemlock-Sitka spruce stands in southeast Alaska SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE partial cutting; stand structure; tree growth; residual trees; regeneration; sitka spruce; western hemlock; southeast Alaska ID FOREST; HISTORY AB The effects of partial cutting on species composition, new and residual-tree cohorts, tree size distribution, and tree growth was evaluated on 73 plots in 18 stands throughout southeast Alaska. These partially cut stands were harvested 12-96 years ago, when 16-96% of the former stand basal area was removed. Partial cutting maintained stand structures similar to uncut old-growth stands, and the cutting had no significant effects on tree species composition. The establishment of new-tree cohorts was positively related to the proportion of basal-area cut. The current stand basal area, tree species composition, and stand growth were significantly related to trees left after harvest (p < 0.001). Trees that were 20-80 cm dbh at the time of cutting had the greatest tree-diameter and basal-area growth and contributed the most to stand growth. Diameter growth of Sitka spruce and western hemlock was similar, and the proportion of stand basal-area growth between species was consistent for different cutting intensities. Concerns about changing tree species composition, lack of spruce regeneration, and greatly reduced stand growth and vigor with partial cuts were largely unsubstantiated. Silvicultural systems based on partial cutting can provide rapidly growing trees for timber production while maintaining complex stand structures with mixtures of spruce and hemlock trees similar to old-growth stands. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. USGS, Froest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Forestry, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Deal, RL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, PNW Res Stn, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. NR 41 TC 33 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 159 IS 3 BP 173 EP 186 AR PII S0378-1127(00)00727-1 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00727-1 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 538NL UT WOS:000174822000004 ER PT J AU Ludovici, KH Allen, HL Albaugh, TJ Dougherty, PM AF Ludovici, KH Allen, HL Albaugh, TJ Dougherty, PM TI The influence of nutrient and water availability on carbohydrate storage in loblolly pine SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE nutrient and water availability; carbohydrate storage; loblolly pine ID DIFFERENT AGE-CLASSES; SEASONAL-CHANGES; SILVESTRIS; DYNAMICS; GROWTH AB We quantified the effects of nutrient and water availability on monthly whole-tree carbohydrate budgets and determined allocation patterns of storage carbohydrates in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) to test site resource impacts on internal carbon (C) storage. A factorial combination of two nutrient and two irrigation treatments were imposed on a 7-year-old loblolly pine stand in the Sandhills of North Carolina. Monthly collections of foliage, branch, stem, bark, and root tissues were made and total non-structural carbohydrate analyses were performed on samples collected in years 3 and 4 after treatment initiation. Seasonal fluxes of carbohydrates reflected the hypothesized use and storage patterns. Starch concentrations peaked in the spring in all tissues measured; however, minimum concentrations in aboveground tissue occurred in late winter while minimum concentrations in below ground tissue occurred in late fall. Increased nutrient availability generally decreased starch concentrations in current year tissue, while increasing starch in 1-year-old woody tissue. Irrigation treatments did not significantly impact carbohydrate flux. The greatest capacity for starch storage was in below ground tissue, accounting for as much as 400 kg C/ha per year, and more than 65% of the total stored starch C pool. The absolute amount of C stored as starch was significantly increased with increased nutrient availability, however, its relative contribution to the total annual C budget was not changed. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Westvaco Corp, Summerville, SC 29484 USA. RP Ludovici, KH (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, 3041 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 159 IS 3 BP 261 EP 270 AR PII S0378-1127(01)00439-X DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00439-X PG 10 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 538NL UT WOS:000174822000011 ER PT J AU McGuire, KJ DeWalle, DR Gburek, WJ AF McGuire, KJ DeWalle, DR Gburek, WJ TI Evaluation of mean residence time in subsurface waters using oxygen-18 fluctuations during drought conditions in the mid-Appalachians SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE residence time; seasonal variation; stable isotopes; tracers; numerical methods; transfer functions ID LUMPED-PARAMETER MODEL; TRACER DATA; TRANSIT TIMES; HYDROLOGIC SYSTEMS; ISOTOPE HYDROLOGY; DIRECT SIMULATION; STABLE ISOTOPES; CATCHMENT; FLOW; GROUNDWATER AB Seasonal variations of the stable isotope, oxygen-18 (O-18), were used to estimate mean residence times (MRTs) of water in two Valley and Ridge Province watersheds in central Pennsylvania. MRT was estimated by applying O-18 input precipitation signatures to response function models that describe flow conditions in the subsurface system. Precipitation O-18 is usually seasonally periodic; however, during this study period (March 1998 to June 1999), unusual weather conditions and severe drought caused an abnormal seasonal signature in precipitation O-18. The atypical input precipitation amounts and O-18 signatures required that adjustments be made using recharge factors and an extended past input function to represent the varying fraction of input water that contributed to turnover within the watershed during the study period. Oxygen-18 variations were investigated in output waters from tension and zero-tension soil water lysimeters, shallow wells, and streamflow. Soil water O-18 signatures were more responsive to precipitation O-18 variations than streamflow O-18 signatures. Theoretical models based on exponential piston-flow and dispersion flow processes fit data better than did other groundwater age distribution models (i.e. pure piston flow or pure exponential models). Analysis suggested that during drought conditions, larger portions of older water dominated streamflow O-18 composition, and that the current year's precipitation O-18 signature became more attenuated in the subsurface flow system. MRTs obtained for streamflow at each site were 9.5 and 4.8 months for a 14 and 100 ha watershed, respectively, and soil water MRT at 100 cm depth was on the order of a couple months; indicating a relatively rapid response of shallow groundwater to precipitation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Environm Resources Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP McGuire, KJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Engn, 215 Peavy Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI McGuire, Kevin/E-7770-2010 OI McGuire, Kevin/0000-0001-5751-3956 NR 62 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 3 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 261 IS 1-4 BP 132 EP 149 AR PII S0022-1694(02)00006-9 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00006-9 PG 18 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 548AD UT WOS:000175364700009 ER PT J AU Cuttitta, F Pio, R Garayoa, M Zudaire, E Julian, M Elsasser, TH Montuenga, LM Martinez, A AF Cuttitta, F Pio, R Garayoa, M Zudaire, E Julian, M Elsasser, TH Montuenga, LM Martinez, A TI Adrenomedullin functions as an important tumor survival factor in human carcinogenesis SO MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE LA English DT Article DE cancer; apoptosis; angiogenesis; hypoxia; growth factor ID ANGIOGENIC FACTOR ADRENOMEDULLIN; INDUCIBLE FACTOR 1-ALPHA; RAT ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; CIRCULATING ADRENOMEDULLIN; HYPOTENSIVE PEPTIDE; FACTOR-H; FACTOR-I; PLASMA ADRENOMEDULLIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; HEART-FAILURE AB Adrenomedullin (AM) is a pluripotent regulatory peptide initially isolated from a human pheochromocytoma (adrenal tumor) and subsequently shown to play a critical role in cancer cell division, tumor neovascularization, and circumvention of programmed cell death, thus it is an important tumor cell survival factor underlying human carcinogenesis. A variety of neural and epithelial cancers have been shown to produce abundant amounts of AM, Recent findings have implicated elevation of serum AM with the onset of malignant expression. In addition, patients with tumors producing high levels of this peptide have a poor prognostic clinical outcome. Given that most human epithelial cancers display a microenvironment of reduced oxygen tension, it is interesting to note that AM and several of its receptors are upregulated during hypoxic insult. The existence of such a regulatory pathway has been implicated as the basis for the overexpression of AM/AM-R in human malignancies, thereby generating a subsequent autocrine/paracrine growth advantage for the tumor cell. Furthermore, AM has been implicated as a potential immune suppressor substance, inhibiting macrophage function and acting as a newly identified negative regulator of the complement cascade, protective properties which may help cancer cells to circumvent immune surveillance. Hence, AM's traditional participation in normal physiology (cited elsewhere in this issue) can be extended to a primary player in human carcinogenesis and may have clinical relevance as a biological target for the intervention of tumor progression. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Cell & Canc Biol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Navarra, Biochem Dept, Pamplona, Spain. Univ Navarra, Dept Biochem, Pamplona, Spain. Univ Navarra, Cellular & Pathol Dept, Pamplona, Spain. USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cuttitta, F (reprint author), NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Cell & Canc Biol Branch, Bldg 10 Rm 12N226, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Martinez, Alfredo/A-3077-2013 OI Martinez, Alfredo/0000-0003-4882-4044 NR 89 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1059-910X J9 MICROSC RES TECHNIQ JI Microsc. Res. Tech. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 57 IS 2 BP 110 EP 119 DI 10.1002/jemt.10059 PG 10 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Biology; Microscopy SC Anatomy & Morphology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microscopy GA 541CF UT WOS:000174967100006 PM 11921362 ER PT J AU Elsasser, TH Kahl, S AF Elsasser, TH Kahl, S TI Adrenomedullin has multiple roles in disease stress: Development and remission of the inflammatory response SO MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE LA English DT Article DE adrenomedullin; inflammation; homeostasis; disease ID NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE; GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE; SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; SWISS 3T3 CELLS; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; PLASMA; SECRETION; ENDOTOXIN; MECHANISM; PROTEINS AB The upregulation of adrenomedullin (AM) gene expression and increases in systemic circulatory as well as localized tissue AM concentrations is well coordinated with the onset and progression of trauma, infection, and sepsis. As such, the coordinated change in AM suggests a key role for this peptide in the inflammatory response, By clinical definition, the process of inflammation constitutes an orchestrated cascade of localized tissue and systemic responses to immunological challenges. Classical responses to the onset of disease stresses are manifested in the timely elaboration of humoral, blood-borne signal effectors (such as adrenocortical and locally produced tissue hormones, immune cytokines, and inorganic signals such as nitric oxide) as well as patterned migration and infiltration of circulating bone marrow-derived cells (mononuclear cells such as monocyte-macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells like neutrophils) largely associated with or delivered through the vascular system. The body's attempts to combat acute infection to restore homeostatic equilibrium are further compromised by underlying disease situations. Atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, as well as nutritional metabolic derangements and persistent subclinical infection perturb the regulatory feedback loops necessary for proper control of response effectors like hormones and cytokines. When imbalances occur, tissue necrosis can ensue as driven by free radical damage to cell components. A true appreciation of the inflammatory response can only be grasped through an integrative approach in which the relationship between the different physiological systems is viewed in terms of a changing, dynamic interaction. In essence, the inflammatory response can be thought of in three phases: a period of severity assessment,, a period of remediation, and a period of homeostatic restoration. Indeed, AM has differential effects on cellular metabolism, immune function, endocrine function, and cardiovascular function. This peptide appears to play a pivotal role in both reprioritizing the biological needs of tissues and organs during the three phases of inflammatory response as well as a role in restoring homeostatic equilibrium to the body. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 USDA, ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Elsasser, TH (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 63 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1059-910X J9 MICROSC RES TECHNIQ JI Microsc. Res. Tech. PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 57 IS 2 BP 120 EP 129 DI 10.1002/jemt.10058 PG 10 WC Anatomy & Morphology; Biology; Microscopy SC Anatomy & Morphology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microscopy GA 541CF UT WOS:000174967100007 PM 11921363 ER PT J AU Wang, SQ Cockett, NE Miller, JM Shay, TL Maciulis, A Sutton, DL Foote, WC Holyoak, GR Evans, RC Bunch, TD Beever, JE Call, JW Taylor, WD Marshall, MR AF Wang, SQ Cockett, NE Miller, JM Shay, TL Maciulis, A Sutton, DL Foote, WC Holyoak, GR Evans, RC Bunch, TD Beever, JE Call, JW Taylor, WD Marshall, MR TI Polymorphic distribution of the ovine prion protein (PrP) gene in scrapie-infected sheep flocks in which embryo transfer was used to circumvent the transmissions of scrapie SO THERIOGENOLOGY LA English DT Article DE embryo transfer; ovine prion protein gene (ovine PrP gene); DNA sequence; scrapie; suffolk ID NATURAL SCRAPIE; SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; MATERNAL TRANSMISSION; SUFFOLK SHEEP; UNITED-STATES; SIP GENE; ASSOCIATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CODON-136; GENOTYPE AB The genetic sequence of the ovine prion protein (PrP) gene between codons 102 and 175 with emphasis on ovine PrP gene codons 136 and 171 was determined, and the polymorphic distribution of the ovine PrP gene in the scrapie-exposed Suffolk embryo donors and offspring from these donors that were transferred to scrapie-free recipient ewes was investigated in this study. The most common genotype was AA(136)QQ(171) (70% and 63% in the donor and offspring flocks, respectively), which is considered a high risk genotype in US Suffolk sheep. Although embryos were collected from scrapie-positive donors and many embryos had the high risk genotype. no scrapie occurred in the resulting offspring, Based upon the results of this study, we conclude that vertical transmission of scrapie can be circumvented using embryo transfer procedures even when the offspring have the high risk genotype. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Anim Dairy & Vet Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Utah State Univ, Ctr Persons Disabil, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NAHPS, APHIS, USDA Anim Hlth Program, VS, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, APHIS, VS, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Utah Dept Agr, Salt Lake City, UT 84114 USA. RP Bunch, TD (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Anim Dairy & Vet Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0093-691X J9 THERIOGENOLOGY JI Theriogenology PD APR 15 PY 2002 VL 57 IS 7 BP 1865 EP 1875 AR PII S0093-691X(02)00673-8 DI 10.1016/S0093-691X(02)00673-8 PG 11 WC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences SC Reproductive Biology; Veterinary Sciences GA 553KV UT WOS:000175675100010 PM 12041690 ER PT J AU Park, JB Schoene, N AF Park, JB Schoene, N TI Synthesis and characterization of N-coumaroyltyramine as a potent phytochemical which arrests human transformed cells via inhibiting protein tyrosine kinases SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE N-coumaroyltyramine; phytochemicals; antiproliferation activity; tyrosine kinase inhibitor; cell cycle; epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ID CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA; DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID; JURKAT CELLS; U937 CELLS; FLAVONOIDS; CANCER; ACCUMULATION; RESVERATROL; CLONING; GLUCOSE AB Numerous phytochemicals are believed to have beneficial effects on human health. N-Coumaroyltyramine accumulates in plants in response to wounding and pathogen attack Due to the scarcity of N-coumaroyltyramine, its biological activities have not been studied in human cells. In this study, N-coumaroyltyramine was chemically synthesized and then purified by an HPLC with a UV-visible absorbance detector. Retention times of major peaks were 14.3 and 20.7 min, and the peak at 20.7 min was confirmed by LC-MS as N-coumaroyltyramine with a mass/charge (m/z) unit of 284.1. The synthesis procedure was relatively easy and had an acceptable yield (approximately 55%). The compound exhibited a new activity, suppression of growth of human tumor cells such as U937 and Jurkat cells. In addition, the suppressed growth of the cells was strongly associated with an increased percentage of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle progression. Furthermore, N-coumaroyltyramine was able to inhibit the protein tyrosine kinases including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This is the first report of the growth suppressing activity of N-coumaroyltyramine and its arrest of cells at the S phase of the cell cycle, possibly by inhibition of protein tyrosine kinases. C1 USDA ARS, BHNRC, Phytonutrients Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, BHNRC, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Park, JB (reprint author), USDA ARS, BHNRC, Phytonutrients Lab, Bldg 307,Room 313, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 39 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD APR 12 PY 2002 VL 292 IS 4 BP 1104 EP 1110 DI 10.1006/bbrc.2002.6752 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 544QP UT WOS:000175171800049 PM 11944930 ER PT J AU Adlof, RO Menzel, A Dorovska-Taran, V AF Adlof, RO Menzel, A Dorovska-Taran, V TI Analysis of conjugated linoleic acid-enriched triacylglycerol mixtures by isocratic silver-ion high-performance liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE linoleic acids; triacylglycerol; silver ID OIL AB Silver-ion HPLC (Ag-HPLC) was applied to the fractionation of a triacylglycerol (TAG) sample enriched (>80%) with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). After conversion of the TAGs to fatty acid methyl esters using sodium methoxide in methanol, Ag-HPLC (dual-column isocratic solvent system of 0.1% acetonitrile in hexane; UV detection at 233 nm) was used to determine the CLA isomer distribution (50:50 mixture of 9c, 11t- and 10t, 12c- 18:2). Three or four Ag-HPLC columns connected in series (0.6-1.0% acetonitrile in hexane as solvent; UV detection at 206 nm) were used to analyze the sample in TAG form. Elution times for CLA-enriched TAGs averaged 30 min or less. Isocratic solvent conditions were used to eliminate the solvent equilibration times (often 30 min or more) required between sample injections when solvent programming is used. The ratio of TAGs containing three vs. only two CLA molecules was found to be approximately 3 to 1. Ag-HPLC has thus been shown to be a useful method for rapidly analyzing not only CLA isomers as esters, but also in the TAG form. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Loders Croklaan BV, Wormerveer, Netherlands. RP Adlof, RO (reprint author), USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 11 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD APR 12 PY 2002 VL 953 IS 1-2 BP 293 EP 297 AR PII S0021-9673(02)00129-2 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(02)00129-2 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 548QU UT WOS:000175401100028 PM 12058943 ER PT J AU Vrebalov, J Ruezinsky, D Padmanabhan, V White, R Medrano, D Drake, R Schuch, W Giovannoni, J AF Vrebalov, J Ruezinsky, D Padmanabhan, V White, R Medrano, D Drake, R Schuch, W Giovannoni, J TI A MADS-box gene necessary for fruit ripening at the tomato ripening-inhibitor (Rin) locus SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EXPRESSION; ETHYLENE AB Tomato plants harboring the ripening-inhibitor (rin) mutation yield fruits that fail to ripen. Additionally, rin plants display enlarged sepals and loss of inflorescence determinacy. Positional cloning of the rin locus revealed two tandem MADS-box genes (LeMADS-RIN and LeMADS-MC), whose expression patterns suggested roles in fruit ripening and sepal development, respectively. The rin mutation alters expression of both genes. Gene repression and mutant complementation demonstrate that LeMADS-RIN regulates ripening, whereas LeMADS-MC affects sepal development and inflorescence determinacy. LeMADS-RIN demonstrates an agriculturally important function of plant MADS-box genes and provides molecular insight into nonhormonal (developmental) regulation of ripening. C1 ARS, USDA, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hort Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Zeneca Plant Sci Syngenta, Jeallots Hill Res Stn, Bracknell RG12 6EY, Berks, England. RP Giovannoni, J (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 21 TC 466 Z9 529 U1 17 U2 107 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 12 PY 2002 VL 296 IS 5566 BP 343 EP 346 DI 10.1126/science.1068181 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 541TJ UT WOS:000175000300057 PM 11951045 ER PT J AU Kaplinsky, N Braun, D Lisch, D Hay, A Hake, S Freeling, M AF Kaplinsky, N Braun, D Lisch, D Hay, A Hake, S Freeling, M TI Biodiversity (communications arising): Maize transgene results in Mexico are artefacts SO NATURE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kaplinsky, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Plant & Microbial Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Lisch, Damon/A-9414-2010 NR 5 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 13 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 11 PY 2002 VL 416 IS 6881 BP 601 EP 601 DI 10.1038/nature739 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 539YV UT WOS:000174901900031 PM 11935145 ER PT J AU Garrossian, M Gardner, DR Panter, KE James, LF AF Garrossian, M Gardner, DR Panter, KE James, LF TI Preparation of tetrahydroagathic acid: A serum metabolite of isocupressic acid, a cattle abortifacient in ponderosa pine SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE isocupressic acid; Pinus ponderosa; cattle abortion; diterpene acids; tetrahydroagathic acid ID NEEDLE ABORTION; RANGE CATTLE; BEEF-COWS; INGESTION AB Isocupressic acid (1) was used to synthetically prepare a mixture of (8S,13R,S)-labda-15,19-dioic acid (tetrahydroagathic acid) (5) via a two-step oxidation procedure followed by hydrogenation of the double bonds at C13 and C8. Reduction of the C8,17 double bond was stereospecific producing only the 8S isomer and confirmed by the nOe interaction between the resulting C17 and C20 methyl groups. The 13R and 13S isomers of 5 were separated and analyzed by HPLC/MS, and (13S)tetrahydroagathic acid was isolated and identified by comparison to a standard prepared by hydrogenation of naturally occurring (13S)-dihydroagathic acid (4). (13R,S)-dihydroagathic acid was prepared by selective sodium metal-catalyzed hydrogenation of the C13,14 allylic double bond of agathic acid (3). The prepared compounds were then used as standards to confirm the presence of 4 and 5 and their respective 13R and 13S isomers in bovine serum samples. Tetrahydroagathic acid was shown to be the only metabolite detected in serum samples taken from a suspected cattle abortion case submitted for diagnosis; and, thus, 5 could be a valuable diagnostic marker for pine needle-induced abortions. C1 USDA, ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84341 USA. RP Gardner, DR (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT 84341 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 10 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 8 BP 2235 EP 2240 DI 10.1021/jf011501m PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 538ZK UT WOS:000174844800006 PM 11929277 ER PT J AU Schneider, IC Ames, ML Rasmussen, MA Reilly, PJ AF Schneider, IC Ames, ML Rasmussen, MA Reilly, PJ TI Fermentation of cottonseed and other feedstuffs in cattle rumen fluid SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alfalfa; branched-chain fatty acids; composition; corn; cottonseed; gossypol; rumen; volatile fatty acids ID IN-VITRO FERMENTATION; FATTY-ACID PRODUCTION; GAS; GOSSYPOL; METABOLISM; KINETICS; MICROORGANISMS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIVESTOCK; INVITRO AB Bovine rumen fluid was fermented anaerobically over 48 h with cottonseed, corn, alfalfa, or a mixture of these substrates in anaerobic mineral buffer. Samples taken at different incubation times were derivatized with n-butanol and subjected to gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. No unusual fermentation end-products from the cottonseed substrate were detected. Cottonseed supported rumen fermentation at levels comparable to those of the other substrates. Major components were usually found in the decreasing order of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate, although acetate and propionate concentrations decreased late in the alfalfa and mixed-feed fermentations, eventually allowing butyrate concentrations to exceed those of propionate. As expected, lactate was produced in high concentrations when corn was fermented. The minor components 2-methylpropionate, 2- and 3-methylbutyrate, phenylacetate, phenylpropionate, and caproate also accumulated, with their relative concentrations varying with the substrate. Succinate was produced in substantial amounts only when corn and alfalfa were fermented; it did not accumulate when cottonseed was the substrate. Samples containing cottonseed were derivatized and subjected to reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, revealing that gossypol concentrations did not change during fermentation. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Reilly, PJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Rasmussen, Mark/N-9509-2014; OI Schneider, Ian/0000-0002-4414-3842 NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD APR 10 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 8 BP 2267 EP 2273 DI 10.1021/jf010783n PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 538ZK UT WOS:000174844800011 PM 11929282 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, BL Curb, JD Pashkow, FJ Schatz, I Ardo, E Vogt, M Yano, K McNamara, JR Selhub, J Abbott, RD AF Rodriguez, BL Curb, JD Pashkow, FJ Schatz, I Ardo, E Vogt, M Yano, K McNamara, JR Selhub, J Abbott, RD TI The relation between homocysteine and 15-year incidence of coronary heart disease and stroke in elderly Japanese-American men; The Honolulu heart program SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Kuakini Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. Queens Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USDA, Ctr Human Nutr, Boston, MA USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD APR 9 PY 2002 VL 105 IS 14 MA 73 BP E99 EP E99 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 541MA UT WOS:000174987300080 ER PT J AU Biresaw, G Carriere, CJ AF Biresaw, G Carriere, CJ TI Interfacial tension of Eastair Bio Copolyester 14766/polystyrene blends. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 038-POLY BP C107 EP C107 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296802005 ER PT J AU Cornish, K AF Cornish, K TI Physical characteristics of guayule latex and rubber in comparison with rubber from other plant species. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 223-PMSE BP D91 EP D91 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296802647 ER PT J AU French, AD Johnson, GP Peralta-Inga, Z Stevens, ED Dowd, MK AF French, AD Johnson, GP Peralta-Inga, Z Stevens, ED Dowd, MK TI Implications of the crystal structure of nai-cellobiose and a hybrid potential energy surface for cellulose structures. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Univ New Orleans, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 318-POLY BP D30 EP D30 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296802282 ER PT J AU Shogren, RL Doane, WM Garlotta, D Lawton, JW Willett, JL AF Shogren, RL Doane, WM Garlotta, D Lawton, JW Willett, JL TI Biodegradation of starch/polylactic acid/poly(hydroxyester-ether) composite bars in soil. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Biotechnol Res & Dev Corp, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 194-PMSE BP D86 EP D86 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296802619 ER PT J AU Willett, JL Shogren, RL AF Willett, JL Shogren, RL TI Properties of extruded foams from starch/polyester blends. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 221-PMSE BP D90 EP D90 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CE UT WOS:000176296802645 ER PT J AU Agarwal, UP AF Agarwal, UP TI Lignin quantitative analysis by raman spectroscopy: Determining coniferyl alcohol and coniferaldehyde content. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 036-CELL BP U124 EP U124 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700586 ER PT J AU Barrero, M Bazemore, RA Silva, J Grimm, C Yoon, YM AF Barrero, M Bazemore, RA Silva, J Grimm, C Yoon, YM TI Extraction methods for determination of geosmin and 2-MIB in channel catfish flesh. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 036-AGFD BP U36 EP U36 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700131 ER PT J AU Cardamone, JM Stuhrke, D Riehle, RJ AF Cardamone, JM Stuhrke, D Riehle, RJ TI Effects of polyamide-epichlorohydrin resin on wool/cotton blends. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Hercules Inc, Pulp & Paper Div, Wilmington, DE 19894 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 022-CELL BP U122 EP U122 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700572 ER PT J AU Cote, GL Holt, SM Miller, C AF Cote, GL Holt, SM Miller, C TI Prebiotic oligosaccharides via alternansucrase acceptor reactions. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Western Illinois Univ, Dept Biol, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 036-CARB BP U106 EP U106 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700492 ER PT J AU Dien, BS Bothast, RJ Nichols, NN Skory, CD AF Dien, BS Bothast, RJ Nichols, NN Skory, CD TI Improved biocatalysts for production of bioethanol and lactic acid. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 322-IEC BP U675 EP U675 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296703735 ER PT J AU Duke, SO AF Duke, SO TI Natural products for pest management: Some examples from ARS research. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Nat Program Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 321-IEC BP U675 EP U675 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296703734 ER PT J AU Edwards, JV Bopp, AF Batiste, SL Goynes, WR Eggleston, G Diegelmann, RF Vager, DR AF Edwards, JV Bopp, AF Batiste, SL Goynes, WR Eggleston, G Diegelmann, RF Vager, DR TI Design, preparation and assessment of carbohydrates crosslinked to cellulose on cotton gauzes as functional wound dressings. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Wound Healing Inst, MCV VCU, Richmond, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 010-CELL BP U120 EP U120 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700560 ER PT J AU Eggleston, G AF Eggleston, G TI Oligosaccharides in cane and their formation on cane deterioration. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Commod Utilizat Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 022-CARB BP U103 EP U103 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700478 ER PT J AU Erhan, SZ Hwang, HS AF Erhan, SZ Hwang, HS TI Synthetic lubricants from epoxidized soybean oil: Structural effects on pour point and oxidative stability. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 071-IEC BP U639 EP U639 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296703491 ER PT J AU French, AD Kelterer, AM Johnson, GP Stevens, ED Cramer, CJ AF French, AD Kelterer, AM Johnson, GP Stevens, ED Cramer, CJ TI Ab initio quantum mechanics studies of trehalose. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Graz Tech Univ, A-8010 Graz, Austria. Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Inst Supercomp, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI Cramer, Christopher/B-6179-2011 OI Cramer, Christopher/0000-0001-5048-1859 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 100-COMP BP U478 EP U478 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702657 ER PT J AU Grimm, CC Grimm, DA AF Grimm, CC Grimm, DA TI The analysis of oligosaccharides by mass spectrometry. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Tulane Univ, Coordinated Instrumentat Facil, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. USDA ARS, RRU, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 024-CARB BP U104 EP U104 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700480 ER PT J AU Grimm, CC AF Grimm, CC TI Instrumental analysis of off-flavors. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 076-AGFD BP U42 EP U42 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700171 ER PT J AU Groom, LH AF Groom, LH TI Spatial quantification of cellulosic and non-cellulosic constituents on wood fiber surfaces using confocal and atomic force microscopy. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 106-CELL BP U136 EP U136 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700655 ER PT J AU Haas, MJ Scott, KM Alleman, TL McCormick, RL AF Haas, MJ Scott, KM Alleman, TL McCormick, RL TI Renewable diesel engine fuels from agricultural lipids: The production and engine performance of biodiesel from soybean soapstock. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Colorado Inst Fuels & Engine Res, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Alleman, Teresa/F-6281-2011; McCormick, Robert/B-7928-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 324-IEC BP U676 EP U676 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296703737 ER PT J AU Hale, AL Meepagala, KM Oliva, A Aliotta, G Duke, SO AF Hale, AL Meepagala, KM Oliva, A Aliotta, G Duke, SO TI Phytotoxins from the leaves of Ruta graveolens. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Mississippi, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, NPURU, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Univ Naples 2, Dept Life Sci, Naples, Italy. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 042-AGFD BP U37 EP U37 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700137 ER PT J AU Hamada, J AF Hamada, J TI Isolation, characterization, and functional properties of bioactive enzyme inhibitors from different sources. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 074-AGFD BP U42 EP U42 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700169 ER PT J AU Hammel, KE AF Hammel, KE TI Mechanisms for hydroxyl radical generation by wood decay basidiomycetes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 017-CELL BP U121 EP U121 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700567 ER PT J AU Hotchkiss, AT Olano-Martin, E Williams, MR Grace, WE Gibson, GR Rastall, RA AF Hotchkiss, AT Olano-Martin, E Williams, MR Grace, WE Gibson, GR Rastall, RA TI Pectic oligosaccharides as prebiotics. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Reading, Sch Food Biosci, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. Univ E Anglia, Sch Biol Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RI Gibson, Glenn/A-9595-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 034-CARB BP U105 EP U106 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700490 ER PT J AU Jeffries, TW Jin, YS Laplaza, JM AF Jeffries, TW Jin, YS Laplaza, JM TI Metabolic engineering of yeasts for xylose fermentation. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Inst Micr Biochem Technol, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012; Jin, Yong-Su/L-4530-2013 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 024-CELL BP U122 EP U123 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700574 ER PT J AU King, JW AF King, JW TI Coupled processing options using supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61640 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 270-IEC BP U667 EP U667 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296703683 ER PT J AU Kinney, CA Felis, IF Mosier, A Furlong, ET Mandernack, KW AF Kinney, CA Felis, IF Mosier, A Furlong, ET Mandernack, KW TI Use of LC-MS-MS for determination of pesticides and pesticide degradation products in correlation with measurements of trace gas fluxes (CO2, N2O, and CH4) in Northeast Colorado. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Methods Res & Dev Program, Natl Water Qual Lab, Reston, VA 22092 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RI Furlong, Edward/C-3999-2011 OI Furlong, Edward/0000-0002-7305-4603 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 012-ENVR BP U510 EP U511 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702849 ER PT J AU Lehotay, SJ Lightfield, AR Anastassiades, M Smith, DJ AF Lehotay, SJ Lightfield, AR Anastassiades, M Smith, DJ TI Analysis of veterinary growth promoting drugs in animal tissues by LC/MS-MS and fluorescence. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 030-AGRO BP U55 EP U55 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700231 ER PT J AU McKeon, TA AF McKeon, TA TI Approaches for safer sources of castor oil. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 019-AGFD BP U34 EP U34 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700114 ER PT J AU Meepagala, KM Magee, JB Wedge, DE AF Meepagala, KM Magee, JB Wedge, DE TI Phenolic constituents from muscadine grape (Vitis rotundifolia) cultivar polyanna seeds. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Mississippi, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Small Fruits Res Stn, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 039-AGFD BP U37 EP U37 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700134 ER PT J AU Momany, FA Strati, G Willett, JL AF Momany, FA Strati, G Willett, JL TI Density functional/ab initio study of mono- and pentahydrates of alpha- and beta-D-glucopyranose. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 98-COMP BP U478 EP U478 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702655 ER PT J AU Nanayakkara, NPD Schrader, KK AF Nanayakkara, NPD Schrader, KK TI Evaluation of free radical generators for controlling the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria perornata which causes the musty flavor in cultured catfish. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Res Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 041-AGFD BP U37 EP U37 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700136 ER PT J AU Parkin, K Wettasinghe, M Bolling, B Xiao, H Peterson, D AF Parkin, K Wettasinghe, M Bolling, B Xiao, H Peterson, D TI Methodological considerations for the murine hepatoma cell bioassay-directed isolation of cancer chemopreventive agents. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wisconsin, Agron USDA, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 071-AGFD BP U41 EP U42 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700166 ER PT J AU Petroski, RJ AF Petroski, RJ TI Synthesis of (Z)-9-octadecen-4-olide, a female-produced pheromone of the currant stem girdler (a sawfly, hymenoptera : cephidae). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, REE, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 010-AGFD BP U32 EP U32 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700105 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, RL AF Pfeiffer, RL TI Ion mobility spectroscopy as a tool for measuring ammonia emissions from agricultural systems SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 148-ENVR BP U533 EP U533 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702985 ER PT J AU Reeves, JB McCarty, G Reeves, VB Follet, RF Kimble, JM AF Reeves, JB McCarty, G Reeves, VB Follet, RF Kimble, JM TI Mid-versus near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for the quantitative analysis of organic matter in soils and other biological materials. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, AMBL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, EQL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, SPNRU, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, NSSL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 139-CELL BP U141 EP U142 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700688 ER PT J AU Rowell, RM AF Rowell, RM TI Chemical modification of lignocellulosics. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA Forest Serv, Forrest Prod Lab, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI USA. USDA Forest Serv, Forrest Prod Lab, Ctr Plasma Aided Mfg, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 049-CARB BP U108 EP U108 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700505 ER PT J AU Schisler, DA Jackson, MA Slininger, PJ AF Schisler, DA Jackson, MA Slininger, PJ TI Discovering, developing and deploying biological control agents. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 323-IEC BP U675 EP U676 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296703736 ER PT J AU Schmerr, MJ AF Schmerr, MJ TI Detection of the abnormal prion protein in blood. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 096-CARB BP U115 EP U115 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700550 ER PT J AU Schrader, KK AF Schrader, KK TI Natural algicides for the control of cyanobacteria-related off-flavors in catfish aquaculture. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 080-AGFD BP U43 EP U43 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700175 ER PT J AU Seiber, JN Woodrow, JE AF Seiber, JN Woodrow, JE TI Airborne pesticides and human exposure. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Neveda Reno, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Reno, NV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 020-AGRO BP U53 EP U53 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700221 ER PT J AU Shelver, WL Shan, GM Gee, SJ Stanker, LH Hammock, BD AF Shelver, WL Shan, GM Gee, SJ Stanker, LH Hammock, BD TI Comparison of retention patterns of PCDDs/PCDFs on immunoaffinity columns generated with different monoclonal antibody clones and polyclonal antibodies produced using different hapten conjugates. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 038-AGRO BP U56 EP U56 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700239 ER PT J AU Shelver, WL Smith, DJ AF Shelver, WL Smith, DJ TI Application of a monoclonal antibody based ELISA for the determination of ractopamine in incurred samples from food animals. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 037-AGRO BP U56 EP U56 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700238 ER PT J AU Silva, JL Barrero, M Bazemore, R Kim, TJ Grimm, C AF Silva, JL Barrero, M Bazemore, R Kim, TJ Grimm, C TI Physical and chemical treatments to reduce off-flavor during catfish processing. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 081-AGFD BP U43 EP U43 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700176 ER PT J AU Singh, SK Felse, AP Nunez, A Foglia, TA Gross, RA AF Singh, SK Felse, AP Nunez, A Foglia, TA Gross, RA TI Efficient enzyme-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of sophorolipid esters, amides and corresponding multi-functional monomers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Polytech Univ, NSF I, UCRC Biocatalysis & Bioproc Macromol, Metrotech Ctr 6, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. USDA, ERRC, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 006-CARB BP U101 EP U101 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700462 ER PT J AU So, CL Lebow, S Groom, LH AF So, CL Lebow, S Groom, LH TI Evaluation of the use of near infrared spectroscopy to identify preservative treated wood. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 138-CELL BP U141 EP U141 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700687 ER PT J AU Strati, GL Willett, JL Momany, FA AF Strati, GL Willett, JL Momany, FA TI Computational study of hydrogen bonding in model cellobiose analogs at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 135-COMP BP U483 EP U484 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296702692 ER PT J AU Tellez, MR Khan, IA Kobaisy, M Osbrink, WL AF Tellez, MR Khan, IA Kobaisy, M Osbrink, WL TI Activity of the essential oil of Lepidium meyenii (walp.) against Coptotermes formosanus. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, NPURU, NCDNP, University, MS 38677 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 038-AGFD BP U36 EP U36 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700133 ER PT J AU Wang, SY AF Wang, SY TI Antioxidant capacity of berry crops and herbs. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 096-AGFD BP U45 EP U46 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700191 ER PT J AU Wright, MS AF Wright, MS TI Biological control of the Formosan subterranean termite. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 319-IEC BP U675 EP U675 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296703732 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, T Kadla, JF Chang, H Weinstock, IA Reiner, R AF Yokoyama, T Kadla, JF Chang, H Weinstock, IA Reiner, R TI Polyoxometalate degradation of non-phenolic lignin model compounds. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 7 PY 2002 VL 223 MA 063-CELL BP U129 EP U129 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 564CD UT WOS:000176296700613 ER PT J AU Koblizek, M Maly, J Masojidek, J Komenda, J Kucera, T Giardi, MT Mattoo, AK Pilloton, R AF Koblizek, M Maly, J Masojidek, J Komenda, J Kucera, T Giardi, MT Mattoo, AK Pilloton, R TI A biosensor for the detection of triazine and phenylurea herbicides designed using Photosystem II coupled to a screen-printed electrode SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE atrazine; diuron; flow-cell system; protein immobilization; screen-printed electrode; simazine; thick film technology ID SENSITIVITY; ASSAY; IMMOBILIZATION; FLUORESCENCE; CHLOROPHYLL; IMMUNOASSAY; MEMBRANES; ATRAZINE; FORMAT; WATER AB A biosensor for the detection of triazine- and phenylurea-type herbicides was constructed using isolated Photosystem II (PS II) complexes as a biosensing element. PSII isolated from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus was immobilized on the surface of a screen-printed sensor composed of a graphite working electrode and Ag/AgCl reference electrode deposited on a polymeric substrate. The biosensor was mounted in a flow microcell with illumination. The principle of the detection was based on the fact that herbicides selectively block PSII electron transport activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Changes of the activity were registered amperometrically as the rate of photoreduction of an artificial electron acceptor. The setup resulted in a reusable herbicide biosensor with a good stability (half-life of 24 h) and limit of detection of approximately 10(-9) M for diuron, atrazine and simazine. 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* C1 Inst Microbiol, Photosynth Res Ctr, Trebon 37981, Czech Republic. Inst Landscape Ecol, Photosynth Res Ctr, Nove Hrady 37333, Czech Republic. Univ JE Purkyne, Fac Educ, Usti N Labem 40096, Czech Republic. Charles Univ, Dept Biochem, Prague 12840, Czech Republic. CNR, IBEV, I-00016 Monterotondo, Italy. USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ENEA, Div Biotechnol & Agr, I-00060 Rome, Italy. RP Koblizek, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RI Maly, Jan/B-6434-2011; Kucera, Tomas/E-9981-2011; Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011; Koblizek, Michal/H-2851-2014; Masojidek , Jiri/I-5793-2014; Pilloton, Roberto/M-6359-2014; Komenda, Josef/H-4083-2014; OI Maly, Jan/0000-0002-7022-2157; Kucera, Tomas/0000-0001-7214-9494; Pilloton, Roberto/0000-0002-5329-110X; Komenda, Josef/0000-0003-4588-0382; Giardi, Maria Teresa/0000-0002-7401-5905 NR 30 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 25 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD APR 5 PY 2002 VL 78 IS 1 BP 110 EP 116 DI 10.1002/bit.10190 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 532NA UT WOS:000174480400014 PM 11857287 ER PT J AU Walia, PS Lawton, JW Shogren, RL AF Walia, PS Lawton, JW Shogren, RL TI Mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch/poly(hydroxy ester ether) blends: Effect of moisture during and after processing SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE biodegradable; blends; morphology; mechanical properties ID STARCH PLASTICS AB The mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch (TPS) and poly(hydroxy ester ether) (PHEE) blends were studied as a function of the starch concentration. The moisture level present during processing significantly affects the morphology. A dispersed droplet morphology was observed even at very high starch levels at low moisture levels. On the other hand, the dispersed phase was significantly deformed under high moisture conditions, leading to fibrillar and laminar types of morphologies at high starch levels. The change in morphology has a significant effect on the mechanical properties. The presence of elongated starch domains improved the tensile strength and modulus of the blends with no loss in ductility. The blend modulus could be effectively represented by the particular morphology present at any given starch concentration range, using a generalized form of Kerner's equation. The properties of the blends changed with the conditioning time and relative humidity (RH), due to the change in the moisture content of each phase. An attempt was made to express the blend modulus as a function of the relative modulus of the two phases, calculated at any given RH or conditioning time. The data could be shifted fairly well from one RH to another under equilibrium conditions. However, a shift from one conditioning time to another was difficult, owing to the slower kinetics of moisture exchange at higher amounts of PHEE, which has to be taken into account. (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Inc. C1 Bradley Univ, Dept Chem, Peoria, IL 61625 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Walia, PS (reprint author), Dow Chem Co USA, Engn Sci Polymer Proc, 433 Bldg, Midland, MI 48640 USA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD APR 4 PY 2002 VL 84 IS 1 BP 121 EP 131 DI 10.1002/app.10271 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 518HL UT WOS:000173661800016 ER PT J AU Wilson, SC Mitlohner, FM Morrow-Tesch, J Dailey, JW McGlone, JJ AF Wilson, SC Mitlohner, FM Morrow-Tesch, J Dailey, JW McGlone, JJ TI An assessment of several potential enrichment devices for feedlot cattle SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cattle; feedlot; behavior; environmental enrichment devices ID ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT; GROWING PIGS; LAYING HENS; BEHAVIOR; PECKING AB The behavior of Charolais cross heifers kept in experimental feedlot pens (3 pens, N = 10 per pen) was observed for frequency and duration of use of and percentages of animals interacting with, five environmental potential enrichment devices (PEDs) over a period of 22 days. The PEDs consisted of a scratching/rubbing walkway, a moveable scratching/rubbing device, a milk-scent releasing device, a lavender-scent releasing device and a control non-scented device. The scratching/rubbing devices had higher durations and frequencies of use than the scent devices (P < 0.05). Use of the scratching/ rubbing walkway decreased in frequency and duration but this stabilized by day 16 (P < 0.05). Use of the moveable scratching/rubbing PED fluctuated but there were no differences between day 2 and day 22, the last day of the trial. The scratching/rubbing walkway and the moveable scratching/rubbing device were also used by more animals (75.0 and 75.8%) than the milk, lavender and blankscent devices (50.0, 20.0 and 15.8%, pooled S.E. = 3.98, P < 0.05). Frequency and duration of use of the milk-scent and lavender-scent device was higher on day 2 than for the blank-scent device but there were virtually no differences between the three devices for the remainder of the trial. These results indicate that the scratching/rubbing devices are good environmental enrichment candidates while cattle quickly lost interest in the tested scent devices. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Food Technol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USDA ARS, Livestock Issues Res Unit, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Wilson, SC (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Anim Sci & Food Technol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD APR 2 PY 2002 VL 76 IS 4 BP 259 EP 265 AR PII S0168-1591(02)0019-9 DI 10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00019-9 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 545NP UT WOS:000175224100001 ER PT J AU Kiniry, JR Xie, Y Gerik, TJ AF Kiniry, JR Xie, Y Gerik, TJ TI Similarity of maize seed number responses for a diverse set of sites SO AGRONOMIE LA English DT Article DE crop modeling; maize; seed number; photosynthetically active radiation; harvest index ID KERNEL NUMBER; GRAIN-YIELD; SOLAR-RADIATION; PLANT-DENSITY; NITROGEN; SORGHUM; WHEAT; SHADE; CORN AB Accurate modeling of maize (Zea mays L.) yields in diverse environments requires realistic simulation of seed numbers. Response of maize seed number to growth or light interception soon after pollination has been described with different types of functions. The objective of this study was to compare maize seed number responses to intercepted solar radiation or growth with data from a diverse set of sites. Pioneer hybrid 3394 planted near Temple, TX in 1999 at 2.5 to 20 plants.m(-2) showed a linear function for seed number responses to light intercepted per plant in the 11 d following silking and to ear growth rate in these 11 d. Similar linear seed number responses were found for three hybrids in Canada at 4 to 13 plants.m(-2). Likewise, the function for Pioneer 3394 in Temple was found to be similar to a regression for the same hybrid grown in Pennsylvania, and was similar to a function developed in Kenya. Thus, under the diverse environmental conditions of these studies, linear seed number functions appeared reasonable at these sites. Such seed number functions are critical to the understanding of optimization of planting density to maximum seed production per unit ground area. In the absence of drought stress, the optimum density will be the minimum planting density which could attain near-complete light interception at silking. As the probability of drought stress increases due to decreased soil water holding capacity or decreased expected rainfall, the optimum density would decrease accordingly. C1 ARS, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Beijing Normal Univ, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. State Educ Commiss, Open Res Lab Environm Change & Nat Disaster, Beijing, Peoples R China. Texas Agr Exptl Stn, Blackland Agr Expt Stn, Temple, TX 76502 USA. RP Kiniry, JR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 808 E Blackland Rd, Temple, TX 76502 USA. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0249-5627 J9 AGRONOMIE JI Agronomie PD APR PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1051/agro:2002010 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 555XE UT WOS:000175817900003 ER PT J AU Peterson, JK Harrison, HF Snook, ME AF Peterson, JK Harrison, HF Snook, ME TI Bioassay guided isolation of seed germination inhibitors from sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. cv. Regal] cortex tissue SO ALLELOPATHY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE allelopathy; bioassays; cortex. dose-response; Ipomoea hatatas; seed germination inhibition; sweetpotato ID SOLUBLE RESIN GLYCOSIDES; RHIZOMA JALAPAE-BRAZILIENSIS; NUTSEDGE CYPERUS-ESCULENTUS; OPERCULIN-II; ROOTS; MURICATA; VII; GROWTH; IV AB Methanolic extracts from cortex tissue of the sweetpotato cultivar 'Regal' inhibited the germination of proso-millet seed, Bioassays of fractions obtained by low pressure preparative column chromatography revealed three major regions in the clution profile, that hid inhibitory activity. The most active fraction was further separated by semi-preparative high pressure liquid chromatography. Eight major peaks that suppressed seed germination were obtained. Except for one peak, the compounds represented by the other peaks displayed activities not statistically different. Seed germination was strongly inhibited at concentrations below 50 ppm. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry data obtained from hydrolysis products allowed identification of a few components of these molecules i.e. the fatty acids, palmitic, linoleic, linolenic and a saturated, is well as a mono-unsaturated C 22 acid, Currently we are attempting to elucidate the molecular structures of these compounds. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Peterson, JK (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ALLELOPATHY FOUNDATION PI HISAR PA 9/12 CCS HARYANA AGRICULTURAL UNIV, HISAR 125 004, INDIA SN 0971-4693 J9 ALLELOPATHY J JI Allelopathy J. PD APR PY 2002 VL 9 IS 2 BP 177 EP 186 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 543RF UT WOS:000175114400003 ER PT J AU Elzen, PJ Westervelt, D AF Elzen, PJ Westervelt, D TI Detection of coumaphos resistance in Varroa destructor in Florida SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Varroa destructor, coumaphos, resistance; running head; coumaphos resistance in varroa ID FLUVALINATE AB Four populations of the honey bee parasitic mite Varroa destructor in central and southwestern Florida were tested for resistance to the organophosphate acaricide coumaphos, using a standard laboratory method. Preliminary ether rolls of randomly selected colonies in each yard resulted in up to 46 varroa per roll one year after treatment with CheckMite+(R), the formulated product containing coumaphos. Such numbers were relatively high given previous beekeeper experience with CheckMite+(R). Results of a laboratory test showed significant resistance of all four varroa populations to coumaphos. Discussion is given as to future possible management procedures for varroa control in light of a dwindling arsenal of acaricides for varroa suppression. C1 USDA ARS, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Elzen, PJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 9 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD APR PY 2002 VL 142 IS 4 BP 291 EP 292 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 533DJ UT WOS:000174513900019 ER PT J AU Stensvold, MC Farrar, DR Johnson-Groh, C AF Stensvold, MC Farrar, DR Johnson-Groh, C TI Two new species of moonworts (Botrychium subg. Botrychium) from Alaska SO AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Botrychium tunux and Botrychium yaaxudakeit, new species of moonworts currently known only from southern Alaska, are described and illustrated. These ferns are distinguished from B. lunaria, with which they have been confused, by allozyme data and their morphological characteristics. Ploidy levels of B. tunux (diploid) and B. yaaxudakeit (tetraploid) are inferred from allozyme patterns. A key to Alaskan moonworts is presented. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Bot, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Gustavus Adolphus Coll, Dept Biol, St Peter, MN 56082 USA. RP Stensvold, MC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Alaska Reg,204 Siginaka Way, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FERN SOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA C/O DAVID B LELLINGER, SMITHSONIAN INST, BOTANY DEPT, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0002-8444 J9 AM FERN J JI Am. Fern J. PD APR-JUN PY 2002 VL 92 IS 2 BP 150 EP 160 DI 10.1640/0002-8444(2002)092[0150:TNSOMB]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 584JR UT WOS:000177463900021 ER PT J AU Karakaya, HC Tang, YH Cregan, PB Knap, HT AF Karakaya, HC Tang, YH Cregan, PB Knap, HT TI Molecular mapping of the fasciation mutation in soybean, Glycine max (Leguminosae) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE development; fasciation; Glycine max; Leguminosae; map; molecular markers; mutant; polymorphism; soybean ID GENETIC-MAP; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; APICAL MERISTEMS; CYST-NEMATODE; ALPHA-TYPE; EXPRESSION; SHOOT; RESISTANCE; REGULATOR; CLAVATA1 AB The spontaneous fasciation mutation generates novel developmental diversity in cultivated soybean. Glycine max (L.) Merrill. An increased apical dominance in the Mutant inhibits axillary buds, causes a branchless phenotype, and restricts reproduction to shoot apices The fasciation mutation is encoded by a recessive (f) allele at a single locus. The mutation, despite its importance in soybean development, has no locus assignment on previously reported molecular maps of soybean. A Population of 70 F-2 progeny was derived from a cross between 'Clark 63' and the fasciation mutant. More than 700 molecular markers (amplified restriction fragment length polymorphisms [AFLPs], random amplified polymorphic DNAs [RAPDs], restriction fragment length polymorphisms [RFLPs]. and simple sequence repeats [SSRs]) were used in mapping of the fasciation phenotype, Twenty linkage groups (LGs) corresponding to the public soybean molecular map are represented on the Clark 63 x fasciation mutant molecular map that spans 3050 centimorgans (cM). The f locus was mapped on LG D1b+W and linked with two AFLPs and four SSR markers (Satt005, Satt141, Satt600, and Satt703). No linkage was found between the flocus and several cDNA polymorphic loci between the wild type and the mutant. The known map position of the f locus and demonstration of the mutant phenotype from early postembryonic throughout reproductive stages provide an excellent resource for investigations of molecular mechanisms affecting soybean ontogeny. C1 Clemson Univ, Interdisciplinary Genet Program, Poole Agr Ctr 272, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Crop & Soil Environm Sci Dept, Poole Agr Ctr 272, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. ARS, Soybean genom & Improvement Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Knap, HT (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Poole Agr Ctr 272, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY, 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD APR PY 2002 VL 89 IS 4 BP 559 EP 565 DI 10.3732/ajb.89.4.559 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 595FV UT WOS:000178098500002 PM 21665656 ER PT J AU Lee, SW Ledig, FT Johnson, DR AF Lee, SW Ledig, FT Johnson, DR TI Genetic variation at allozyme and RAPD markers in Pinus longaeva (Pinaceae) of the White Mountains, California SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE bristlecone pine; Clark's nutcrackers; genetic diversity; isozymes; Pinaceae; Pinus longaeva; RAPDs; seed caches; White Mountains ID ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; BASIN BRISTLECONE PINE; RARE MEXICAN PINYON; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; DNA MARKERS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; CLARKS NUTCRACKER; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; TREMBLING ASPEN; MATING SYSTEM AB We compared genetic diversity estimated from allozymes and from random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) in a sample of 210 Great Basin bristlecone pines (Pinas longaeva Bailey) from three groves in tire While Mountains, California, USA. The White Mountains are the most westerly extension of bristlecone pine and home to the oldest known living trees. We assayed two forks of each tree to determine whether they originated from multiple seed caches of the Clark's nutcracker. Despite the limited and fragmented distribution of bristlecone pine, its level of genetic diversity was comparable to that of other pines, but lower than that reported for eastern populations of Great Basin bristlecone pine. Twenty-six of 36 allozymes were polymorphic (p(gs) = 38.9%: p = 63.0%), with observed heterozygosity (H-o) of 0.122 and expected heterozygosity (H-e) of 0.134. The proportion of the total variation among populations (G(ST)) was only 0.011. The high proportion of trees with multiple sterns was not due to germination in seed caches, only six of 210 forked trees had multiple allozyme genotypes. Of the 42 RAPD loci scored. 27 were monomorphic. Genetic diversity for RAPDs was nearly the same as that for allozymes (p(gs) = 34.1%, H-e = 0.130). However, the estimates of diversity and differentiation were much higher (H-e = 0.321, G(ST) = 0.039) after excluding monomorphic loci. C1 US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. RP Ledig, FT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Inst Forest Genet, Pacific SW Res Stn, USDA, 2480 Carson Rd, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. NR 68 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 10 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY, 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD APR PY 2002 VL 89 IS 4 BP 566 EP 577 DI 10.3732/ajb.89.4.566 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 595FV UT WOS:000178098500003 PM 21665657 ER PT J AU Dawson-Hughes, B Harris, SS AF Dawson-Hughes, B Harris, SS TI Calcium intake influences the association of protein intake with rates of bone loss in elderly men and women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE calcium intake; protein intake; bone loss; bone mineral density; potential alkali; calcium absorption; vitamin D; elderly ID FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; DIETARY-PROTEIN; HIP FRACTURE; POTASSIUM BICARBONATE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; SODIUM-BICARBONATE; I LEVELS; BALANCE; YOUNG; REPRODUCIBILITY AB Background: There is currently no consensus on the effect of dietary protein intake on the skeleton, but there is some indication that low calcium intakes adversely influence the effect of dietary protein on fracture risk. Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine whether supplemental calcium citrate malate and vitamin D influence any associations between protein intake and change in bone mineral density (BMD). Design: Associations between protein intake and change in BMD were examined in 342 healthy men and women (aged greater than or equal to65 y) who had completed a 3-y, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Protein intake was assessed at the midpoint of the study with the use of a food-frequency questionnaire and BMD was assessed every 6 mo by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: The mean (+/-SD) protein intake of all subjects was 79.1 +/- 25.6 g/d and the mean total calcium intakes of the supplemented and placebo groups were 1346 +/- 358 and 871 +/- 413 mg/d, respectively. Higher protein intake was significantly associated with a favorable 3-y change in total-body BMD in the supplemented group (in a model containing terms for age, sex, weight, total energy intake, and dietary calcium intake) but not in the placebo group. The pattern of change in femoral neck BMD with increasing protein intake in the supplemented group was similar to that for the total body. Conclusion: Increasing protein intake may have a favorable effect on change in BMD in elderly subjects supplemented with calcium citrate malate and vitamin D. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Calcium & Bone Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Dawson-Hughes, B (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Calcium & Bone Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG10353] NR 37 TC 148 Z9 154 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD APR PY 2002 VL 75 IS 4 BP 773 EP 779 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 532RE UT WOS:000174488200023 PM 11916767 ER PT J AU Davis, TA Fiorotto, ML Burrin, DG Reeds, PJ Nguyen, HV Beckett, PR Vann, RC O'Connor, PMJ AF Davis, TA Fiorotto, ML Burrin, DG Reeds, PJ Nguyen, HV Beckett, PR Vann, RC O'Connor, PMJ TI Stimulation of protein synthesis by both insulin and amino acids is unique to skeletal muscle in neonatal pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE insulin action; nutrition; growth; liver; translation initiation ID PERFUSED-RAT-LIVER; TRANSLATION INITIATION; SUCKLING RATS; LEUCINE KINETICS; FOOD-INTAKE; WHOLE-BODY; HYPERINSULINEMIA; PHENYLALANINE; INFUSION; METABOLISM AB In neonatal pigs, the feeding- induced stimulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle, but not liver, can be reproduced by insulin infusion when essential amino acids and glucose are maintained at fasting levels. In the present study, 7- and 26- day- old pigs were studied during 1) fasting, 2) hyperinsulinemic- euglycemic- euaminoacidemic clamps, 3) euinsulinemic- euglycemic- hyperaminoacidemic clamps, and 4) hyperinsulinemic- euglycemic- hyperaminoacidemic clamps. Amino acids were clamped using a new amino acid mixture enriched in nonessential amino acids. Tissue protein synthesis was measured using a flooding dose of L-[4-H-3] phenylalanine. In 7- day- old pigs, insulin infusion alone increased protein synthesis in various skeletal muscles (from +35 to +64%), with equivalent contribution of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins, as well as cardiac muscle (+50%), skin (+34%), and spleen (+26%). Amino acid infusion alone increased protein synthesis in skeletal muscles (from +28 to +50%), also with equivalent contribution of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins, as well as liver (+27%), pancreas (+28%), and kidney (+10%). An elevation of both insulin and amino acids did not have an additive effect. Similar qualitative results were obtained in 26- day- old pigs, but the magnitude of the stimulation of protein synthesis by insulin and/ or amino acids was lower. The results suggest that, in the neonate, the stimulation of protein synthesis by feeding is mediated by either amino acids or insulin in most tissues; however, the feeding-induced stimulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle is uniquely regulated by both insulin and amino acids. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Endocrinol & Metab Sect, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR046308, R01 AR44474, R01 AR044474]; NICHD NIH HHS [T32 HD07445] NR 63 TC 119 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD APR PY 2002 VL 282 IS 4 BP E880 EP E890 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00517.2001 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 528EL UT WOS:000174231400017 PM 11882508 ER PT J AU Friedman, AN Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J Levey, AS Bostom, AG AF Friedman, AN Rosenberg, IH Selhub, J Levey, AS Bostom, AG TI Hyperhomocysteinemia in renal transplant recipients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Review DE cardiovascular disease; homocysteine; kidney; renal transplant ID PLASMA TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; GLOMERULAR-FILTRATION RATE; FOLIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; CEREAL GRAIN FLOUR; GRAFT RECIPIENTS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SERUM CREATININE; CYSTATIN-C; KIDNEY; DETERMINANTS AB Renal transplantation is a commonly performed curative procedure for end-stage renal disease. With the increase in renal allograft half-lives, attention is now being focused on cardiovascular morbidity and death in the renal transplant recipient (RTR) population. Among the more novel cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors for which this group is at risk is hyperhomocysteinemia. Hyperhomocysteinemia has been associated with an increased risk of CVD, although prospective randomized trials designed to prove causality are still ongoing. Since plasma total homocysteine levels are inversely related to renal function, RTRs have a greatly increased prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia. Other determinants of homocysteine include B-vitamins, albumin, age, and genetic polymorphisms. Although RTRs are resistant to the typical B-vitamin doses used to correct hyperhomocysteinemia in the general population, they do respond to supra physiologic dose therapy. In terms of prevalence, etiology, and treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia, RTRs are very similar to the much larger chronic renal insufficiency population. For this reason, RTRs have been chosen as an ideal study population in investigating the effect of reducing hyperhomocysteinemia on CVD outcomes. C1 Tufts Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Div Renal Dis, Providence, RI USA. RP Friedman, AN (reprint author), Tufts Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Boston, MA USA. NR 54 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 1600-6135 J9 AM J TRANSPLANT JI Am. J. Transplant. PD APR PY 2002 VL 2 IS 4 BP 308 EP 313 DI 10.1034/j.1600-6143.2002.20404.x PG 6 WC Surgery; Transplantation SC Surgery; Transplantation GA 551AB UT WOS:000175536300004 PM 12118851 ER PT J AU Auger, J Meyer, SE Black, HL AF Auger, J Meyer, SE Black, HL TI Are American black bears (Ursus americanus) legitimate seed dispersers for fleshy-fruited shrubs? SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID BIRDS; GERMINATION; DIGESTION; PLATEAU; MAMMALS; FOREST; TREE AB Seeds of seven fleshy-fruited shrubs used by American black bears (Ursus americanus) were extracted from fresh fruit (controls) and fro in scats of free-ranging and captive bears (ingestion treatments). Effects of the digestive process on viability, germinability and germination rate were measured against controls. Results were species specific. Filled control seeds of all species were highly viable (>74%). Digestion by bears had no significant effect on initial viability, except for serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia) for which viability of seeds passed through captive bears decreased 14%. Percent germination of control seeds summed over five chilling durations at 1 C was significantly different from that of at least one bear ingestion treatment for, fife of the seven species. For chokecherry (Prunus virginiana), Oregon grape (Mahonia repent) and skunkbush sumac (Rhus trilobata), seeds ingested by wild black bears germinated to a significantly higher percentage than controls, but for snowberry (Symphoricarpos oreophilus) control seeds germinated significantly better. For serviceberry A viable seeds germinated after sufficient chilling, but germination of controls was higher than ingested seeds after shorter chilling durations. When seeds were prewarmed for 5 wk before chilling, percent germination of Oregon grape, skunkbush sumac and snowberry significantly increased. For serviceberry, prewarming lengthened the minimum Chilling requirement from 7 to 14 wk. Results from ingestion treatments suggest that the digestive process of black bears may simulate prewarming of seeds. Future work clarifying the role of bears as seed dispersers should involve characterization of: (1) scat deposition sites. (2) activities of seed predators and secondary dispersers at the scats and (3) the relative importance of bears in communities containing other dispersal agents. C1 Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Shrub Sci Lab, Provo, UT 84606 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Zool, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Auger, J (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RI Auger, Janene/G-6358-2011 OI Auger, Janene/0000-0001-6992-1498 NR 46 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD APR PY 2002 VL 147 IS 2 BP 352 EP 367 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2002)147[0352:AABBUA]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 547LK UT WOS:000175333700015 ER PT J AU Fields, MW Russell, JB AF Fields, MW Russell, JB TI The glucomannokinase of the gram-negative ruminal bacterium, Prevotella bryantii B(1)4, and its sequence conservation with regulatory glucokinases of gram-positive bacteria SO ANAEROBE LA English DT Article DE Prevotella bryantii; rumen; glucomarmokinase; glucokinase; regulatory ID CARBON CATABOLITE REPRESSION; GLUCOSE KINASE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-XYLOSUS; RUMINICOLA B(1)4; BACTEROIDES; EXPRESSION; GENE; TRANSPORT; ALIGNMENT; PROPOSAL AB The glucomannokinase gene of Prevotella bryantii B(1)4, a strictly anaerobic ruminal bacterium, was amplified with degenerate PCR primers. The degenerate PCR primers were based on the N-terminal amino acid residues of the purified glucomannokinase and the C-terminus of other bacterial glucokinases. The PCR product had a molecular weight of approximately 550bp. Because the purified glucomannokinase was composed of dimers with a monomer molecular weight of 34.5 kDa, the PCR product accounted for approximately 60% of the glucomannokinase DNA sequence. The B14 sequence had significant similarity with the glucokinases of several aerobic, Gram-positive bacteria (Streptomyces coelicolor, Staphylococcus xylosus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium). Previous work indicated that the Gram-positive glucokinases and the B14 glucomannokinase have a role in catabolite repression. These presumptive regulatory kinases formed a cluster that was distinct from other bacterial glucokinases. Amino acid sequence analyses indicated that the regulatory glucokinase genes (including the P. bryantii B14 glucomannokinase gene) had a mean sequence similarity of 42 +/- 2.4%. The regulatory kinases had some highly conserved regions with other bacterial glucokinases, but the mean similarity was lower (17 +/- 2.0%). The role of regulatory kinases in catabolite repression has not been precisely defined, but sequence comparisons suggest a common theme may exist. Because P. bryantii B14 is a Gram-negative bacterium, it appears that regulatory glucokinases may be widely distributed in eubacteria and not restricted to Gram-positive species. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Russell, JB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1075-9964 J9 ANAEROBE JI Anaerobe PD APR PY 2002 VL 8 IS 2 BP 69 EP 74 DI 10.1006/anae.2002.0420 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 591LK UT WOS:000177881500004 ER PT J AU Ho, JAA Wauchope, RD AF Ho, JAA Wauchope, RD TI A strip liposome immunoassay for aflatoxin B-1 SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FUMONISIN B1; IMMUNOANALYSIS; RADIOIMMUNOASSAY; ANTIBODIES; SYSTEM AB A technique has been developed for the preparation of aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1))-tagged liposomes encapsulating a visible dye. These liposomes have several useful potential analytical applications, one of which is demonstrated. A simple plastic-backed nitrocellulose strip is the basis for an assay for detecting AFB(1). Samples containing aflatoxin B-1 are allowed to migrate by capillary action along the strip into a zone containing immobilized antibodies; then aflatoxin B-1-tagged, dye-containing liposomes are allowed to migrate into the same area, filling any remaining antibody sites. The liposomes that bound to the antibody zone exhibit an intense purplish pink color whose optical density is inversely proportional to the aflatoxin concentration in the sample. The device is capable of detecting aflatoxin B-1 at levels down to 20 ng and could serve as a rapid procedure for visual screening of agricultural and food samples for AFB(1) or, with densitometry, as an inexpensive quantitative assay. C1 Natl Chi Nan Univ, Dept Appl Chem, Nantou 545, Taiwan. USDA ARS, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Ho, JAA (reprint author), Natl Chi Nan Univ, Dept Appl Chem, 1 Univ Rd, Nantou 545, Taiwan. OI Ho, Annie/0000-0001-6684-1118 NR 18 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 74 IS 7 BP 1493 EP 1496 DI 10.1021/ac010903q PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 538XZ UT WOS:000174841600013 PM 12033235 ER PT J AU Knoll, A Dvorak, J Rohrer, GA Cepica, S AF Knoll, A Dvorak, J Rohrer, GA Cepica, S TI Linkage and cytogenetic mapping of the BCL9 gene to porcine chromosome 4 SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article ID PARTIAL LIPODYSTROPHY; GENOME; MAP C1 Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Anim Physiol & Genet, Libechov, Czech Republic. Mendel Univ Agr & Forestry Brno, Dept Genet, Brno, Czech Republic. ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE USA. RP Cepica, S (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Anim Physiol & Genet, Libechov, Czech Republic. RI Knoll, Ales/D-6896-2012; Cepica, Stanislav/G-7180-2014 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD APR PY 2002 VL 33 IS 2 BP 162 EP 163 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2002.0831e.x PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 539BL UT WOS:000174849800016 PM 12047235 ER PT J AU Aminov, RI Chee-Sanford, JC Garrigues, N Teferedegne, B Krapac, IJ White, BA Mackie, RI AF Aminov, RI Chee-Sanford, JC Garrigues, N Teferedegne, B Krapac, IJ White, BA Mackie, RI TI Development, validation, and application of PCR primers for detection of tetracycline efflux genes of gram-negative bacteria SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; RESISTANCE DETERMINANT; PASTEURELLA-PISCICIDA; VIBRIO-ANGUILLARUM; FISH PATHOGEN; SEDIMENTS; CLONING; SYSTEMS; WATER; TN10 AB Phylogenetic analysis of tetracycline resistance genes, which confer resistance due to the efflux of tetracycline from the cell catalyzed by drug:H+ antiport and share a common structure with 12 transmembrane segments (12-TMS), suggested the monophyletic origin of these genes. With a high degree of confidence, this tet subcluster unifies 11 genes encoding tet efflux pumps and includes tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(D), tet(E), tet(G), tet(H), tet(J), tet(Y), tet(Z), and tet(30). Phylogeny-aided alignments were used to design a set of PCR primers for detection, retrieval, and sequence analysis of the corresponding gene fragments from a variety of bacterial and environmental sources. After rigorous validation with the characterized control tet templates, this primer set was used to determine the genotype of the corresponding tetracycline resistance genes in total DNA of swine feed and feces and in the lagoons and groundwater underlying two large swine production facilities known to be impacted by waste seepage. The compounded tet fingerprint of animal feed was found to be tetCDEHZ, while the corresponding fingerprint of total intestinal microbiota was tetBCGHYZ. Interestingly, the tet fingerprints in geographically distant waste lagoons were identical (tetBCEHYZ) and were similar to the fecal fingerprint at the third location mentioned above. Despite the sporadic detection of chlortetracycline in waste lagoons, no auxiliary diversity of tet genes in comparison with the fecal diversity could be detected, suggesting that the tet pool is generated mainly in the gut of tetracycline-fed animals, with a negligible contribution from selection imposed by tetracycline that is released into the environment. The tet efflux genes were found to be percolating into the underlying groundwater and could be detected as far as 250 In downstream from the lagoons. With yet another family of tet genes, this study confirmed our earlier findings that the antibiotic resistance gene pool generated in animal production systems may be mobile and persistent in the environment with the potential to enter the food chain. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Illinois State Geol Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Aminov, RI (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, 1207 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Aminov, Rustam/C-8764-2016; Aminov, Rustam/L-6534-2013 OI Aminov, Rustam/0000-0002-5811-8322 NR 27 TC 125 Z9 136 U1 6 U2 45 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1786 EP 1793 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.4.1786-1793.2002 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 538YF UT WOS:000174842200039 PM 11916697 ER PT J AU Shere, JA Kaspar, CW Bartlett, KJ Linden, SE Norell, B Francey, S Schaefer, DM AF Shere, JA Kaspar, CW Bartlett, KJ Linden, SE Norell, B Francey, S Schaefer, DM TI Shedding of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in dairy cattle housed in a confined environment following waterborne inoculation SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; ACID RESISTANCE; CALVES; COLONIZATION; PREVALENCE; WISCONSIN; SHEEP; DIET AB A study of Escherichia coli O157:117 transmission and shedding was conducted with bull calves housed in individual pens within a confined environment. For comparative purposes, the numbers and duration of E. coli O157:117 shedding in naturally infected calves were monitored after a single purchased calf (calf 156) tested positive prior to inoculation. During the next 8 days, the calves in adjacent pens and a pen directly across a walkway from calf 156 began to shed this serotype O157:117 strain. Five of the eight calves in this room shed this O157:H7 strain at some time during the following 8 weeks. The numbers of E. coli O157:H7 isolates shed in these calves varied from 60 to 10(5) CFU/g of feces, and the duration of shedding ranged from 17 to >31 days. The genomic DNAs from isolates recovered from these calves were indistinguishable when compared by using XbaI digestion and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Inoculation of calves with 1 liter of water containing ca. 10(3) to 10(5) CFU of E. coli O157:H7/ml resulted in shedding in 10 of 12 calves (trial 1, 4 of 4 calves; trial 2, 6 of 8 calves). The inoculated calves shed the inoculation strain (FRIK 1275) as early as 24 h after administration. The duration of shedding varied from 18 to >43 days at levels from 10(2) to 10(6) CFU/g of feces. The numbers of doses necessary to initiate shedding varied among calves, and two calves in trial 2 never shed FRIK 1275 after four doses (ca. 10(6) CFU per dose). Results from this study confirm previous reports of animal-to-animal and waterborne dissemination of E. coli O157:H7 and highlight the need for an effective water treatment to reduce the spread of this pathogen in cattle. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Food Res Inst, Dept Food Microbiol & Toxicol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Anim Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA, Anim Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Madison, WI 53719 USA. RP Kaspar, CW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Food Res Inst, Dept Food Microbiol & Toxicol, 1925 Willow Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM cwkaspar@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 45 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 68 IS 4 BP 1947 EP 1954 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.4.1947-1954.2002 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 538YF UT WOS:000174842200059 PM 11916717 ER PT J AU Johansson, T Nyman, PO Cullen, D AF Johansson, T Nyman, PO Cullen, D TI Differential regulation of mnp2, a new manganese peroxidase-encoding gene from the ligninolytic fungus Trametes versicolor PRL 572 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHANEROCHAETE-CHRYSOSPORIUM; ISOZYMES; EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION; LIGNINASE; CLUSTER; FAMILY; SOIL; ACID AB A peroxidase-encoding gene, mnp2, and its corresponding cDNA were characterized from the white-rot basidiomycete Trametes versicolor PRL 572. We used quantitative reverse transcriptase-mediated PCR to identify mnp2 transcripts in nutrient-limited stationary cultures. Although mnp2 lacks upstream metal response elements (MREs), addition of MnSO4 to cultures increased mnp2 transcript levels 250-fold. In contrast, transcript levels of an MIZE-containing gene of T. versicolor, mnp1, increased only eightfold under the same conditions. Thus, the manganese peroxidase genes in T. versicolor are differentially regulated, and upstream MREs are not necessarily involved. Our results support the hypothesis that fungal and plant peroxidases arose through an ancient duplication and folding of two structural domains, since we found the mnp1 and mnp2 polypeptides to have internal homology. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Cullen, D (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, Inst Microbial & Biochem Technol, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 68 IS 4 BP 2077 EP 2080 DI 10.1128/AEM.68.4.2077-2080.2002 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 538YF UT WOS:000174842200079 PM 11916737 ER PT J AU Rhoton, FE Bigham, JM Lindbo, DL AF Rhoton, FE Bigham, JM Lindbo, DL TI Properties of iron oxides in streams draining the Loess Uplands of Mississippi SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOIL; LEPIDOCROCITE; ASSOCIATION; PH AB Iron oxide precipitates are abundant in small stream systems of NW Mississippi, USA especially during the wet winter months. The properties of these specific materials are unknown even though they have the potential to influence soil physical properties and adsorb chemical pollutants in sediment environments. Streamwater and associated precipitates were collected from 4 representative streams at Cedar Creek (CC), Lee's Creek (LC), Spring Creek (SC), and Toby Creek (TC) during winter flow periods. Precipitate specimens were characterized for mineralogy, color, and solubility in oxalate (o), dithionite (d), and HNO3. Chemical composition of the water was dominated by Ca, Na, Mg, and K, in that order, at an average pH of 7.0. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) data indicated that the precipitates were primarily poorly ordered ferrihydrite (CC, TC) and lepidocrocite (LC, SC). The Fe-o/Fe-d ratios were 0.40 (CC), 0.68 (LC), 0.66 (SC), and 0.67 (TC). Organic C contents-were 80.6, 38.0, 63.0, and 51.3 g kg(-1) for the same samples. Precipitate color was uniform among sites, averaging 6.7 YR 4.8/6.2. After oxalate extraction, redness increased slightly in the CC and SC specimens, and decreased in the others. Extraction with dithionite depleted the red, color in all specimens, but had less effect on the CC and SC samples which retained hues at 7.9 and 7.3 YR, respectively. Dithionite extractable P equaled 1.02 (CC), 0.72 (LC), 0.56 (SC), and 0.99 (TC) g kg(-1). The results from this study indicated that: (1) the precipitates are either primarily poorly ordered ferrihydrite or lepidocrocite; (2) the solubility of ferrihydrite in both oxalate and dithionite is influenced by C contents; and (3) the redder, ferrihydrite specimens contain the greatest P concentrations. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Vernon James Res & Extens Ctr, Plymouth, NC 27962 USA. RP Rhoton, FE (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD APR PY 2002 VL 17 IS 4 BP 409 EP 419 AR PII S0883-2927(01)00112-3 DI 10.1016/S0883-2927(01)00112-3 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 528WW UT WOS:000174268400006 ER PT J AU Chang, PK Yu, J AF Chang, PK Yu, J TI Characterization of a partial duplication of the aflatoxin gene cluster in Aspergillus parasiticus ATCC 56775 SO APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PATHWAY; BIOSYNTHESIS; TRANSFORMATION; AFLR; DISRUPTION; PROTEIN; MUTANT AB A partial duplication of the complete aflatoxin gene cluster containing homologues of aflR-aflJ-adhA-estA-norA-ver1 and omtB was identified from Aspergillus parasiticus ATCC 56775. The genes, verA-avnA-verB-avfA, between ver1 and omtB in the complete gene cluster. however, were not found. One-hybrid assays showed that the duplicated aflR gene (aflR2) encoded a protein that could activate transcription just as that encoded by aflR1, the aflR gene in the complete gene cluster. Two-hybrid assays showed that AFLR2 also interacted with a putative coactivator. AFLJ1, at comparable levels to AFLR1. Deletion of aflR1 resulted in the loss of production of aflatoxin precursors, which suggested that aflR2 could not completely replace the function of aflR1. Point mutations found in adhA2, pre-termination in ver1B and norA2, and a large deletion in omtB2 probably render these duplicated genes to become nonfunctional. A close examination of the history of isolates reported to have a partial duplication suggested that duplication of the aflatoxin cluster is not a prevalent event. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Chang, PK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 26 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0175-7598 J9 APPL MICROBIOL BIOT JI Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 58 IS 5 BP 632 EP 636 DI 10.1007/s00253-002-0945-4 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 547HQ UT WOS:000175327300010 PM 11956746 ER PT J AU Lemly, AD AF Lemly, AD TI Symptoms and implications of selenium toxicity in fish: the Belews Lake case example SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the State of Science and Future Needs for Selenium Aquatic Criteria CY OCT, 1999 CL SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA SP Univ Calif Syst Wide Toxic Substances Res & Teaching Program DE water pollution; coal-fired power plant; freshwater fish; tissue pathology; teratogenic deformities; environmental contaminants; selenium ID FRESH-WATER RESERVOIR; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; BIOCHEMISTRY; IMPACTS; STRESS AB Belews Lake, North Carolina was contaminated by selenium in wastewater from a coal-fired power plant during the mid-1970s. and toxic impacts to the resident fish community (20 species) were studied for over two decades. Symptoms of chronic selenium poisoning in Belews Lake fish included, (1) telangiectasia (swelling) of gill lamellae; (2) elevated lymphocytes (3) reduced hematocrit and hemoglobin (anemia); (4) corneal cataracts; (5) exopthalmus (popeye) (6) pathological alterations in liver. kidney, heart, and ovary (e.g. vacuolization of parenchymal hepatocytes, intracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis, severe pericarditis and myocarditis, necrotic and ruptured mature egg follicles); (7) reproductive failure (reduced production of viable eggs due to ovarian pathology, and post-hatch mortality due to bioaccumulation of selenium in eggs); and (8) teratogenic deformities of the spine, head, mouth, and fins. Important principles of selenium cycling and toxicity were documented in the Belews Lake studies. Selenium poisoning in fish can be 'invisible', because, the primary point of impact is the egg, which receives selenium from the female's diet (whether consumed in organic or inorganic forms), and stores it until hatching, whereupon it is metabolized by the developing fish. If concentrations in eggs are great enough (about 10 mug/g or greater) biochemical functions may be disrupted, and teratogenic deformity and death may occur. Adult fish can survive and appear healthy despite the fact that extensive reproductive failure is occurring-19 of the 20 species in Belews Lake were eliminated as a result of this insidious mode of toxicity. Bioaccumulation in aquatic food chains causes otherwise harmless concentrations of selenium to reach toxic levels. and the selenium in contaminated sediments can be cycled into food chains for decades. The lessons learned from Belews Lake provide information useful for protecting aquatic ecosystems as new selenium issues emerge. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, Coldwater Fisheries Res Unit, So Res Stn, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Lemly, AD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Coldwater Fisheries Res Unit, So Res Stn, 1650 Ramble Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. NR 22 TC 137 Z9 138 U1 8 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 57 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 49 AR PII S0166-445X(01)00264-8 DI 10.1016/S0166-445X(01)00264-8 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 531JE UT WOS:000174411600005 PM 11879937 ER PT J AU Wise, ML Rorrer, GL Polzin, JJ Croteau, R AF Wise, ML Rorrer, GL Polzin, JJ Croteau, R TI Biosynthesis of marine natural products: Isolation and characterization of a myrcene synthase from cultured tissues of the marine red alga Ochtodes secundiramea SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE monoterpene biosynthesis; marine natural products; cyclase; bioreactor; secondary metabolism; halogenated monoterpene ID PORTIERIA-HORNEMANNII; MONOTERPENE; PURIFICATION; RHODOPHYTA; CHEMISTRY; CYCLASES AB The acyclic monoterpene myrcene is the likely progenitor of the unusual cytotoxic halogenated monoterpenes that are found in marine algae and that function as feeding deterrents to herbivores. Myrcene synthase was isolated from suspension cultures of the marine red alga Ochtodes secundiramea, representing the first enzyme of this type from a marine organism. The algal myrcene synthase produces exclusively myrcene from the natural substrate geranyl diphosphate (GDP), utilizes Mg+2 as the required divalent metal ion cofactor, has a molecular mass of about 69 kDa, and exhibits a pH optimum near 7.2. These features are similar to those of monoterpene synthases from terrestrial organisms. When incubated with neryl diphosphate (the cis-isomer of GDP), the O. secundiramea myrcene synthase produces the cyclic monoterpene limonene, whereas incubation with (+/-)linalyl diphosphate (the tertiary allylic isomer of geranyl diphosphate) yields both acyclic and cyclic monoterpenes. These results suggest that the enzyme is incapable of isomerizing geranyl diphosphate to linalyl diphosphate, a feature common to all monoterpene cyclases from terrestrial sources. The limited catalytic capability of the myrcene synthase may reflect the ancient evolutionary origin of the producing organism. The ability to assay this enzyme in cultured algae, grown under strictly defined conditions, provides an unparalleled opportunity to delineate factors eliciting the biosynthesis of this class of secondary metabolites, to investigate the metabolic pathway leading to the halogenated monoterpenes, and to determine their role in the chemical ecology of marine algae. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Corvallis, OR USA. Washington State Univ, Inst Biol Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Wise, ML (reprint author), USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, 501 Walnut St, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RI Rorrer, Greg/A-8189-2009 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM31354] NR 39 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD APR 1 PY 2002 VL 400 IS 1 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1006/abbi.2002.2780 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 539BK UT WOS:000174849700016 PM 11913979 ER PT J AU McKenzie, CL Shatters, RG Doostdar, H Lee, SD Inbar, M Mayer, RT AF McKenzie, CL Shatters, RG Doostdar, H Lee, SD Inbar, M Mayer, RT TI Effect of geminivirus infection and Bemisia infestation on accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins in tomato SO ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tomato mottle virus; Bemisia tabaci biotype B; Bemisia argentifolii; plant defense; induced response ID VIRUS-INFECTION; SWEET-POTATO; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; DIFFERENTIAL INDUCTION; TABACI HOMOPTERA; ALEYRODIDAE; RESISTANCE; HERBIVORES; TOBACCO; IDENTIFICATION AB The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B, has been shown to cause pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins to accumulate in plants as a result of direct feeding, but their specific role in plant defensive systems is unclear. Our objective was to compare accumulation of tomato FIR proteins (beta-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, peroxidase, P2 and P4) in response to whitefly, with or without tomato mottle virus (ToMoV) infection. Tomato PR protein response was measured over time in plants divided into three treatments: uninfected controls (with or without whiteflies) and plants infested with viruliferous (ToMoV) whiteflies. Five to six-leaf plants were infested with similar to5 adult whilefly per leaf. Plants were sampled prior to whitefly infestation and at 14, 28, 42, and 56 days. By 56 days, plants infested with viruliferous whiteflies had significantly more eggs (2.5-fold) and nymphs (4.5-fold) than plants with nonviruliferous whiteflies. A significant increase in the enzymatic activity of all measured FIR proteins, as compared to control plants, was only seen in viruliferous whitefly-infested plants. No significant difference was observed in enzyme activities between the uninfected control plants either with or without whiteflies. The greatest differences for all PR proteins assayed were observed 42 days after treatment initiation. Protein blot analyses showed that the differences in PR protein activities among the treatments were due to changes in specific enzyme levels within the plant and were associated with concomitant increases in levels of P2 and P4 PR proteins. Under our experimental conditions, it is clear that PR protein response is much more intense when it is attacked by whiteflies carrying ToMoV than by whitefly alone. C1 ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP McKenzie, CL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 31 TC 37 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0739-4462 J9 ARCH INSECT BIOCHEM JI Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. PD APR PY 2002 VL 49 IS 4 BP 203 EP 214 DI 10.1002/arch.10020 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 536YP UT WOS:000174729700003 PM 11921078 ER PT J AU Losinger, WC Traub-Dargatz, JL Garber, LP Fedorka-Cray, PJ Ladely, S Ferris, KE Morgan, K AF Losinger, WC Traub-Dargatz, JL Garber, LP Fedorka-Cray, PJ Ladely, S Ferris, KE Morgan, K TI Factors associated with fecal-shedding of Salmonella spp by horses on US operations SO ARQUIVO BRASILEIRO DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA E ZOOTECNIA LA English DT Article DE equine operations; national survey; risk factor analysis; logistic regression ID OUTBREAK AB In a cross-sectional national study that included 972 operations with greater than or equal to 3 horses on 1/1/98 in 28 states in the USA, 8,417 fecal specimens were collected from horses and cultured to test for the presence of Salmonella spp. Operations were characterized as Salmonella spp-positive if at least one fecal specimen tested positive for Salmonella spp. Percentages of Salmonella spp-positive operations were computed by management and other factors (collected from operation-level questionnaires) that were hypothesized to be related to fecal shedding of Salmonella spp. A logistic-regression model was constructed to identify factors associated with horses' shedding Salmonella spp in feces on an operation. The odds of an operation being Salmonella spp positive increased as the number of resident horses increased. In addition, the following factors were found to be associated with increased odds of an operation being Salmonella spp positive: horses were used primarily for breeding; operation cleanliness was characterized as poor by the data collector; and new resident equids had been added to the operation without routine quarantine. C1 US DOE, New Brunswick Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Losinger, WC (reprint author), US DOE, New Brunswick Lab, 9800 S Cass Ave,Bldg 350, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ARQUIVO BRASILEIRO MEDICINA VETERINARIA ZOOTECNIA PI MINAS GERAIS PA FEDERAL MINAS GERAIS CAIXA POSTAL 567-BELO HORIZ, MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL SN 0102-0935 J9 ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO JI Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. PD APR PY 2002 VL 54 IS 2 BP 109 EP 116 DI 10.1590/S0102-09352002000200001 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 564QV UT WOS:000176325800001 ER PT J AU Koga, T Claycombe, K Meydani, O AF Koga, T Claycombe, K Meydani, O TI Homocysteine increases monocyte and T-cell adhesion to human aortic endothelial cells SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE homocysteine; endothelial; monocyte; T cell; adhesion; adhesion molecule ID SMOOTH-MUSCLE-CELLS; FACTOR-KAPPA-B; CULTURED HUMAN; MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS; VASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTOR; ATHEROGENESIS; ACTIVATION; INJURY; EXPRESSION AB Although hype rh omocysteinemia has been recognized as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, its mechanism(s) are not well understood. Because chemotaxis and accumulation of leukocytes such as monocytes and T cells have been demonstrated to be critical events in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis, we investigated the effect of homocysteine (HCY) on U937 monocytic cells- and Jurkat T-cell-human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) interactions under inflammatory cytokine-stimulated conditions. When HAEC were pretreated with HCY followed by stimulation with IL-1beta, U937 and Jurkat T-cell adhesion to HAEC increased in a dose-dependent manner. The significant increase in U937 cell adhesion to HAEC was also observed when U937 cells were treated with HCY or when both cell types were treated with HCY. We also demonstrated that HCY increases endothelial surface expression and mRNA level of adhesion molecules, VCAM-I and E-selectin. Attenuation of Jurkat T-cell and U937 cell adhesion to HAEC by monoclonal antibodies directed to specific adhesion molecules demonstrated that both VCAM-1 and E-selectin are involved in Jurkat T-cell adhesion, and VCAM-I in U937 cell adhesion. Supplementation of HAEC with vitamin E was effective in preventing HCY-stimulated Jurkat T-cell adhesion and VCAM-I and E-selectin expression in HAEC. These results indicate that HCY-mediated leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction is one potential mechanism by which homocysteinemia may lead to the development of atherosclerosis under inflammatory conditions. Dietary antioxidants such as vitamin E may attenuate HCY-stimulated activation of the endothelium and may help reduce the risk of vascular disease associated with hyperhomocysteinemia. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Meydani, O (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Vasc Biol Program, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM mmeydani@hnrc.tufts.edu NR 63 TC 72 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD APR PY 2002 VL 161 IS 2 BP 365 EP 374 AR PII S021-9150(01)00670-0 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(01)00670-0 PG 10 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 537ZR UT WOS:000174790000014 PM 11888519 ER PT J AU Sung, HW Reddy, SM Fadly, AM AF Sung, HW Reddy, SM Fadly, AM TI High virus titer in feather pulp of chickens infected with subgroup J avian leukosis virus SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE subgroup J avian leukosis virus; feather pulp; virus titer; virus isolation ID HPRS-103 STRAIN; SARCOMA VIRUSES; TRANSMISSION; TUMORS AB Subgroup J avian leukosis viruses (ALVs), which are a recombinant virus between exogenous and endogenous ALVs, can spread by either vertical or horizontal transmission. Exogenous and endogenous ALVs can be detected in feather pulp. In this study, virus titers in feather pulp of chickens infected with subgroup J ALV were compared with those of plasma and cloacal swab. All of the broiler chickens inoculated with subgroup J ALV at I day old were positive for virus from feather pulp during the experimental period of between 2 wk and 8 wk of age. Virus titers in feather pulp of some broiler chickens infected with subgroup J ALV were very high, ranging from 107 to 101 infective units per 0.2 ml. Virus titers in feather pulp were usually the highest among the samples of plasma, cloacal swab, and feather pulp tested. In another experiment in which layer chickens were inoculated with subgroup J ALV at I day old, virus was detected in feather pulp from 2 wk until 18 wk of age, and Virus persisted longer in feather pulp than in plasma. Almost all of the layer chickens tested were positive for virus by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with DNA extracted from feather Pulp samples at 2, 4, and 10 wk of age, and the PCR from feather pulp was more sensitive than virus isolation from Plasma, cloacal swab, and feather pulp. All above results indicate that samples of feather pulp can be useful for virus isolation and PCR to confirm subgroup J ALV infection. C1 USDA ARS, Avian Dis & Oncol Lab, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Sung, HW (reprint author), Minist Agr & Forestry, Natl Vet Res & Quarantine Serv, 480 Anyang 6-Dong, Anyang 430016, South Korea. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD APR-JUN PY 2002 VL 46 IS 2 BP 281 EP 286 DI 10.1637/0005-2086(2002)046[0281:HVTIFP]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 569QD UT WOS:000176612700003 PM 12061636 ER EF