FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Manners, GD Schoch, TK AF Manners, GD Schoch, TK TI Reclamation of biologically active limonoids from citrus processing by-products. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM gmann@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0109-AGFD BP U86 EP U86 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800321 ER PT J AU Marmer, WN Solaiman, DKY Foglia, TA Brown, EM AF Marmer, WN Solaiman, DKY Foglia, TA Brown, EM TI Nonfood utilization of animal coproducts. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Fats Oils & Anim Coprod Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM wmarmer@arserrc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0104-AGFD BP U85 EP U85 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800316 ER PT J AU Mattoo, AK Handa, AK AF Mattoo, AK Handa, AK TI Engineering fruit quality via novel genetic intervention. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Hort & Landscape Architecture, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM mattooa@ba.ars.usda.gov RI Mattoo, Autar/G-9863-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0012-BTEC BP U45 EP U45 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800124 ER PT J AU McCamman, S AF McCamman, S TI US government regulation of transgenic pharmaceutical-containing planting SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Biotechnol Regulat Serv, Unit 147, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA. EM sally.l.mccammon@aphis.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0016-BTEC BP U46 EP U46 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800128 ER PT J AU Meepagala, KM Burandt, CL Wedge, DE Duke, SO AF Meepagala, KM Burandt, CL Wedge, DE Duke, SO TI Antifungal constituents from Amyris texana. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Mississippi, USDA ARS, NPURU, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. EM kmeepaga@olemiss.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0041-AGRO BP U97 EP U97 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800369 ER PT J AU Meinke, LJ Scharf, ME Parimi, S Zhou, X Wright, RJ Nowatzki, T Chandler, LD Caprio, MA AF Meinke, LJ Scharf, ME Parimi, S Zhou, X Wright, RJ Nowatzki, T Chandler, LD Caprio, MA TI Developing functional resistance management programs: Lessons learned from prior mistakes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Entomol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM bsiegfried1@unl.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0036-AGRO BP U96 EP U96 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800364 ER PT J AU Molina, JAE Clapp, CE Allmaras, RR Layese, MF Baker, JM AF Molina, JAE Clapp, CE Allmaras, RR Layese, MF Baker, JM TI Dynamics of N exchange between corn (zea mays L.) roots and soil microbes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA, ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM jmolina@soils.umn.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 105-GEOC BP U928 EP U928 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917804310 ER PT J AU Mozuch, MD Kersten, PJ AF Mozuch, MD Kersten, PJ TI Identification of a resorcylate metabolite from Phanerochaete chrysosporium grown on sawdust and synthetic medium. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM mmozuch@fs.fed.us; pkersten@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 40-CELL BP U274 EP U274 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801182 ER PT J AU Mozuch, MD de Koker, TH Cullen, D Gaskell, J Kersten, PJ AF Mozuch, MD de Koker, TH Cullen, D Gaskell, J Kersten, PJ TI Identification of an extracellular pyranose 2-oxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM mmozuch@fs.fed.us; tdekoker@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 41-CELL BP U274 EP U274 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801183 ER PT J AU Navarre, R AF Navarre, R TI Inducible plant defenses: Prospects for disease and stress control. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Vegetable & Forage Crop Res Unit, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. EM rnavarre@pars.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0070-AGRO BP U102 EP U102 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800398 ER PT J AU Oliver, JE Weldon, PJ Petersen, KS Schmidt, WF Debboun, M AF Oliver, JE Weldon, PJ Petersen, KS Schmidt, WF Debboun, M TI Mosquito-deterring acid from pelage of gaur, Bos gaurus. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, BARC W, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Conservat & Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20560 USA. USDA ARS, NRI, Environm Chem Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM oliverj@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA AGFD-030 BP U73 EP U73 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800243 ER PT J AU Orts, WJ Nobes, G Glenn, GM Gray, GM AF Orts, WJ Nobes, G Glenn, GM Gray, GM TI Amino acids as plasticizers in blends of starch with ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 203-IEC BP U983 EP U983 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917804623 ER PT J AU Orts, WJ Inglesby, MK Glenn, GM Nobes, G Revol, JF AF Orts, WJ Inglesby, MK Glenn, GM Nobes, G Revol, JF TI Polymer nanocomposites from agriculturally-derived cellulose microfibrils. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. USDA, ARS, Agr Res Serv, Bioprod Chem & Engn Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM orts@pw.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 117-CELL BP U286 EP U286 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801258 ER PT J AU Osbrink, WLA Tellez, MR AF Osbrink, WLA Tellez, MR TI Control of formosan termites with natural products. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Res Grp, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. EM osbrink@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA AGFD-043 BP U75 EP U75 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800256 ER PT J AU Ow, DW Song, W AF Ow, DW Song, W TI Novel nuclear-cytoplasm shuttle protein in oxidative stress tolerance. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, USDA, Ctr Plant Gene Express, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM ow@pgec.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 160-ENVR BP U823 EP U823 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917803871 ER PT J AU Palmquist, DE AF Palmquist, DE TI Analysis of mixture experiments: A statistical brew. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, MWA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM dpalmquist@mwa.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA AGFD-079 BP U81 EP U81 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800292 ER PT J AU Papiernik, SK Dungan, R Zheng, W Guo, MX Yates, SR AF Papiernik, SK Dungan, R Zheng, W Guo, MX Yates, SR TI Reducing fumigant emissions following subsurface drip application. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0026-AGRO BP U94 EP U95 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800354 ER PT J AU Peterson, CJ Ems-Wilson, J AF Peterson, CJ Ems-Wilson, J TI Catnip essential oil activity in sand for control of subterranean termites (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) in the laboratory. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Wood Prod Insect Res Unit, Starkville, MS 39759 USA. EM cjpeterson@fs.fed.us NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0061-AGRO BP U100 EP U100 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800389 ER PT J AU Petroski, RJ Bartelt, RJ Cosse, AA Zilkowski, BW AF Petroski, RJ Bartelt, RJ Cosse, AA Zilkowski, BW TI Practical syntheses of selected insect pheromones. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, REE, Crop Bioprotect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM petrosrj@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA AGFD-033 BP U74 EP U74 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800246 ER PT J AU Rice, PJ Hapeman, CJ Fetcho, JA Heighton, LP McConnell, LL Sadeghi, AM AF Rice, PJ Hapeman, CJ Fetcho, JA Heighton, LP McConnell, LL Sadeghi, AM TI Environmental fate and ecological impact of copper hydroxide. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, NRI ECL, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM price@soils.umn.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0074-AGRO BP U102 EP U102 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800402 ER PT J AU Rimando, AM Czarnota, MA Kagan, IA Dayan, FE AF Rimando, AM Czarnota, MA Kagan, IA Dayan, FE TI Chemical basis for weed suppressive activity of sorghum. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM arimando@ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA AGFD-045 BP U75 EP U76 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800258 ER PT J AU Sachinvala, ND Prevost, NT Campbell, JH White, LA Dailey, OD Graves, EE Bland, JM Maskos, K AF Sachinvala, ND Prevost, NT Campbell, JH White, LA Dailey, OD Graves, EE Bland, JM Maskos, K TI New quaternary ammonium ion reagents from urea for fabric treatment. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Cotton Text Chem, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Formosan Subterranean Termite Res Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. Tulane Univ, Coordinated Instrumentat Facil, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM nozar@commserver.srrc.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 138-CELL BP U289 EP U289 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801279 ER PT J AU Saha, BC AF Saha, BC TI Enzymes in biodegradation and biotransformation of lignocellulosics. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sahabc@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 1-CELL BP U267 EP U267 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801143 ER PT J AU Saha, BC AF Saha, BC TI Bioprocess development for conversion of corn fiber to fermentable sugars: Current status and future prospects. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sahabc@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0102-AGFD BP U85 EP U85 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800314 ER PT J AU Schmidt-Rohr, K Mao, JD Olk, DC AF Schmidt-Rohr, K Mao, JD Olk, DC TI Characterization of soil organic matter in tropical rice soils by advanced solid-state NMR SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM srohr@iastate.edu; jmao@iastate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 058-GEOC BP U920 EP U920 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917804263 ER PT J AU Shogren, RL AF Shogren, RL TI Paper/polymerized vegetable oil composites: Biodegradation behavior and use as degradable agricultural mulch film. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Florida, No Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 57-CELL BP U276 EP U276 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801199 ER PT J AU Southwick, LM Fouss, JL Willrich, MM Boethel, DJ AF Southwick, LM Fouss, JL Willrich, MM Boethel, DJ TI Long-term persistence of diflubenzuron on soybean leaves. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM lsouthwick@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0043-AGRO BP U97 EP U97 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800371 ER PT J AU Stipanovic, RD Puckhaber, LS Dowd, MK Williams, HJ Howell, CR AF Stipanovic, RD Puckhaber, LS Dowd, MK Williams, HJ Howell, CR TI Toxicity of (+)- and (-)-gossypol to the plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani and to larvae of heliothis virescens. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, SPARC, Cotton Pathol Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Commod Utilizat Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM rstipanovic@cpru.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0027-AGRO BP U95 EP U95 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800355 ER PT J AU Teal, PEA AF Teal, PEA TI Novel semiochemical and physiological approaches for control of tephritid fruit flies. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Chem Res Unit, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. EM pteal@gainesville.usda.ufl.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA AGFD-032 BP U74 EP U74 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800245 ER PT J AU Thibodeaux, DP French, AD Stevens, ED AF Thibodeaux, DP French, AD Stevens, ED TI Analysis of two species of cotton by X-ray diffraction. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ New Orleans, Dept Chem, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20250 USA. EM zmoore1@uno.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 56-CELL BP U276 EP U276 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801198 ER PT J AU Tunick, MH Rynne, N Guinee, TP Van Hekken, DL Kelly, AL Beresford, TP Malin, EL Broadbent, JR McMahon, DJ AF Tunick, MH Rynne, N Guinee, TP Van Hekken, DL Kelly, AL Beresford, TP Malin, EL Broadbent, JR McMahon, DJ TI Rheology of low-fat cheddar cheeses made with exopolysaccharide-producing cultures. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM mtunick@arserrc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA AGFD-063 BP U78 EP U79 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800276 ER PT J AU Willett, JL Finkenstadt, VL AF Willett, JL Finkenstadt, VL TI Preparation of starch-g-poly(acrylamide) copolymers using reactive extrusion. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM willetjl@ncaur.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 204-IEC BP U983 EP U983 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917804624 ER PT J AU Yates, SR Papiernik, SK Brown, GE AF Yates, SR Papiernik, SK Brown, GE TI Fate and transport of propachlor and thiosulfate. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA ARS, Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM Syates@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 0024-AGRO BP U94 EP U94 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800352 ER PT J AU Zheng, W Papiernik, SK Guo, MX Yates, SR Brown, GE AF Zheng, W Papiernik, SK Guo, MX Yates, SR Brown, GE TI Remediation of fumigant methyl iodide with nitrification inhibitor thiourea. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 USDA, ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM wzheng@ussl.ars.usda.gov; mguo@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA AGFD-062 BP U78 EP U78 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917800275 ER PT J AU Liu, J Liu, GS Jan, CC AF Liu, J Liu, GS Jan, CC TI Comparison of genetic diversity of the germplasm resources of confectionary sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in China based on RAPDs and AFLPs SO ACTA BOTANICA SINICA LA English DT Article DE confectionary sunflower; RAPD; AFLP; genetic diversity ID INBRED LINES; MARKERS; RFLP AB RAPDs and AFLPs were used to determine the genetic relationships among 23 elite cultivars of confectionary sunflowers (Helianthas annuus) from different districts in China. Both approaches uniquely fingerprint each of the accessions. Twenty-six RAPD primers resulted in a total of 192 strong DNA fragments, ranging from 0.26 kb to 1.98 kb, among which 165 (86.12%) were polymorphic. The average number of DNA band produced by each primer was 7.38. A total of 576 AFLP markers were produced with 8 primer combinations, ranging from 100 bp to 500 bp, and 341 polymorphic bands (59.20%) were revealed. The polymorphism rate was 76.00% and the average bands amplified by per primer combination were 72. Effective number of alleles per locus of RAPD marker (1.76) was larger than that of the AFLP marker (1.65). The mean PIC value of AFLP markers (0.38) was lower than that of the RAPD markers (0.41), but AFLP marker had much higher Ai value (38.52) than RAPD marker (6.38). Genetic similarities from RAPD data ranged from 47.84% to 82.06% and the average Nei's coefficient was 0.649 5; the Nei's coefficient of similarity from AFLP data ranged from 54.15% to 83.52%, and the average Nei's coefficient was 0.688 4. However, standard deviation (SD) of RAPDs was 0.13 but the SD of AFLPs was 0.08. In general, the RAPD data gave lower similarity values and higher SD values than those based on the AFLP analysis. The correlation coefficient between the two genetic similarity matrices was 0.51, revealing the estimations of genetic relationship provided by the two marker systems were only moderate. However, cluster analyses of RAPD or AFLP data divided the 23 sunflower genotypes into identical 3 groups. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Key Lab Photosynth & Environm Mol Physiol, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. USDA, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Liu, GS (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Key Lab Photosynth & Environm Mol Physiol, Beijing 100093, Peoples R China. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1672-6650 J9 ACTA BOT SIN JI Acta Bot. Sin. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 45 IS 3 BP 352 EP 358 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 659XX UT WOS:000181805100016 ER PT J AU Frisvold, GB Sullivan, J Raneses, A AF Frisvold, GB Sullivan, J Raneses, A TI Genetic improvements in major US crops: the size and distribution of benefits SO AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE yields; plant breeding; genetic resources; returns to research; supply shift ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; SUPPLY SHIFTS; AGRICULTURE; RETURNS; DISTORTIONS; VARIETIES; PRODUCERS AB The distribution of welfare gains of genetic improvements in major US crops is estimated using a world agricultural trade model. Multi-market welfare estimates were 75% larger than estimates based on the price-exogenous 'change in revenue' method frequently used by plant breeders. Annual benefits of these genetic improvements range from US$ 400-600 million depending on the supply shift specification. Of this, 44-60% accrues to the US, 24-34% accrues to other developed countries. Developing and transitional economies capture 16-22% of the welfare gain. The global benefits of a one-time permanent increase in US yields are US$ 8.1 billion (discounted at 10%) and US$ 15.4 billion (discounted at 5%). Gains to consumers in developing and transitional economies range from US$ 6.1 billion (10% discount rate) to US$ 11.6 billion (5% discount rate). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. US Dept Def, Def Logist Agcy, Ft Belvoir, VA USA. RP Frisvold, GB (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, 319 Econ Bldg, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-5150 J9 AGR ECON JI Agric. Econ. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 28 IS 2 BP 109 EP 119 AR PII S0169-5150(02)00100-7 DI 10.1111/j.1574-0862.2003.tb00245.x PG 11 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 650HW UT WOS:000181258400003 ER PT J AU Porter, PM Huggins, DR Perillo, CA Quiring, SR Crookston, RK AF Porter, PM Huggins, DR Perillo, CA Quiring, SR Crookston, RK TI Organic and other management strategies with two- and four-year crop rotations in Minnesota SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FARMING SYSTEMS; LOW-INPUT; YIELDS; ENERGY; IOWA; CORN AB In the USA, the corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Meir.] rotation depends on high levels of external inputs. Few research data exist comparing conventional production practices with practices involving reduced external inputs and expanded rotations. Two trials initiated in 1989 near Lamberton, MN, evaluated a 2-yr corn-soybean rotation and a 4-yr corn-soybean-oat (Avena sativa L.)/alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.)-alfalfa rotation under four management strategies. The four management strategies were zero (ZI), low (LI), high (HI), and organic (OI) inputs. One trial (V1) was on land with a history of no fertilizer and pesticide usage. The other trial (V2) was on land with a history of conventional fertilizer and pesticide usage. From 1993 through 1999, average corn yield in the 2-yr HI strategy was 8.96 Mg ha(-1) in V1 and 8.72 Mg ha(-1) in V2. Corn yield in the 4-yr HI strategy was 4% less than in the 2-yr HI strategy in V1, whereas in V2, the yields were not different. Soybean yield in the 2-yr HI strategy was 2.90 Mg ha(-1) in V1 and 2.74 Mg ha(-1) in V2. Soybean yield in the 4-yr compared with the 2-yr HI strategy was 3% greater in V1 and 6% greater in V2. These results suggest soybean was more responsive than corn to the expanded rotation length in the HI strategy. Corn yield in the 4-yr OI strategy compared with the 2-yr HI strategy was 9% less in V1 and 7% less in V2 while soybean yield in the 4-yr OI strategy compared with the 2-yr HI strategy was 19% less in V1 and 16% less in V2. These results suggest that yield of organically produced soybean was reduced to a greater extent than that of organically produced corn relative to conventional production practices.' By comparing yields of the 2- and 4-yr rotations for each management strategy, this research documents the beneficial yield effects of the expanded crop rotation, which can be masked by external inputs in the LI and HI treatments. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. SW Res & Outreach Ctr, Lamberton, MN 56152 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biol & Agr, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Porter, PM (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 1991 Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM pporter@umn.edu NR 22 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 95 IS 2 BP 233 EP 244 PG 12 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 659XR UT WOS:000181804400001 ER PT J AU Johnson, CK Mortensen, DA Wienhold, BJ Shanahan, JF Doran, JW AF Johnson, CK Mortensen, DA Wienhold, BJ Shanahan, JF Doran, JW TI Site-specific management zones based on soil electrical conductivity in a semiarid cropping system SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PRECISION AGRICULTURE; YIELD; CLASSIFICATION AB Site-specific management (SSM) can potentially improve both economic and ecological outcomes in agriculture. Effective SSM requires strong and temporally consistent relationships among identified management zones; underlying soil physical, chemical, and biological parameters; and crop yields. In the central Great Plains, a 250-ha dryland experiment was mapped for apparent electrical conductivity (ECa). Eight fields were individually partitioned into four management zones based on equal ranges of deep (ECDP) and shallow (ECSH) ECa (approximately 0-30 and 0-90 cm depths, respectively). Previous experiments documented negative correlations between ECSH and soil properties indicative of productivity. The objectives of this study were to examine ECSH and ECDP relationships with 2 yr of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) yields and to consider the potential applications of ECa based management zones for SSM in a semiarid cropping system. Within-zone wheat yield means were negatively correlated with ECSH (r = -0.97 to -0.99) and positively correlated with ECDP (r = 0.79-0.97). Within-zone corn yield means showed no consistent relationship with ECSH but positive correlation with ECDP (r = 0.81-0.97). Equal-range and unsupervised classification methods were compared for ECSH; within-zone yield variances declined slightly (0-5%) with the unsupervised approach. Yield response curves relating maximum wheat yields and ECSH revealed a boundary line of maximum yield that decreased with increasing ECSH. In this semiarid system, ECSH-based management zones can be used in SSM of wheat for: (i) soil sampling to assess residual nutrients and soil attributes affecting herbicide efficacy, (ii) yield goal determination, and (iii) prescription maps for metering inputs. C1 ARS, USDA, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Johnson, CK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 120 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM cjohnso2@bigred.unl.edu OI Shanahan, John/0000-0003-3173-4245 NR 40 TC 65 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 95 IS 2 BP 303 EP 315 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 659XR UT WOS:000181804400009 ER PT J AU Liebig, MA Varvel, GE AF Liebig, MA Varvel, GE TI Effects of western Corn Belt cropping systems on agroecosystem functions SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL QUALITY; NITROGEN; ROTATION; INDEX AB Agricultural sustainability is enhanced by management practices that optimize the performance of multiple agroecosystem functions. The performance of western Corn Belt cropping systems was evaluated based on four agroecosystem functions: food production, raw materials production, nutrient cycling, and greenhouse gas regulation. A simple multiattribute ranking procedure was used to quantify agroecosystem performance using data from a long-term cropping systems experiment near Mead, NE. Treatments included in the procedure were continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (CC), corn-soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] (C-SB), corn-oat (Avena saliva L.) + clover [80% sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis L.) and 20% red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)]-sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]-soybean (C-OCL-SG-SB), and corn-soybean-sorghum-oat + clover (C-SB-SG-OCL) each at three N fertilization levels (ZERO, LOW, and HIGH). Based on treatment averages of soil and crop indicators from 1983 to 1998, agroecosystem performance scores ranged from 66.6 to 77.3, with a least significant difference (LSD) between treatments of 2.2 (P < 0.05). Treatments with the highest scores included C-OCL-SG-SG-SB/LOW (77.3), C-SB/LOW (76.9), CC/LOW (76.7), CC/HIGH (76.6), and C-SB-SG-OCL/LOW (75.3). Among these treatments, those fertilized at the LOW N rate attained high scores through moderate performance in all four agroecosystem functions. The CC/HIGH treatment, however, attained a high score solely through its superior capacity to be highly productive, as its scores for the two environmental quality-related functions were the lowest among all treatments. Correlations between production- and environmental protection-related functions were negative, emphasizing the importance of employing management practices that are productive yet minimize deleterious environmental impacts. C1 ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Soil & Water Conservat Res Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Liebig, MA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, No Great Plains Res Lab, POB 459, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. EM liebigm@mandan.ars.usda.gov RI Liebig, Mark/A-2775-2009 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 95 IS 2 BP 316 EP 322 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 659XR UT WOS:000181804400010 ER PT J AU Eghball, B Schepers, JS Negahban, M Schlemmer, MR AF Eghball, B Schepers, JS Negahban, M Schlemmer, MR TI Spatial and temporal variability of soil nitrate and corn yield: Multifractal analysis SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FRACTAL ANALYSIS; MANAGEMENT; CROPS AB High levels of residual soil NO3-N can contaminate ground water by leaching through the soil. Our objective was to reduce the level and spatial variability of residual soil NO3-N while maintaining optimum corn (Zea mays L.) production by variable rate N fertilizer application. The experiment was located on a 60-ha sprinkler-irrigated corn field in central Nebraska and included four N management practices: uniform rate, variable rate (VRAT), variable rate at 75% of recommended amount (VRAT @ 75%), and variable rate plus 10% (VRAT + 10%). VRAT @ 75% decreased the amount of residual NO3-N in the soil while maintaining similar grain yield to the other treatments, indicating over-application of N with treatments receiving the recommended rate. Increasing the recommended rate by 10% (VRAT + 10%) did not increase corn yield or residual soil NO3-N. Based on multifractal spectrum, no consistent pattern of spatial variability of soil NO3-N was observed for each treatment across years. Spatial variability in corn grain yield was much lower than that for soil NO3-N, indicating noneffectiveness of using soil NO3-N spatial distribution for variable rate N application unless some areas in the field are severely N deficient. Variable rate N application, did not reduce variability of residual soil NO3-N or corn grain yield as compared with uniform N. Multifractal analysis quantitatively characterized the extent and pattern of spatial and temporal variability in corn grain yield and residual soil nitrate. C1 Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Engn Mech, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Eghball, B (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, 121 Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM beghball1@unl.edu NR 21 TC 27 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 95 IS 2 BP 339 EP 346 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 659XR UT WOS:000181804400014 ER PT J AU Corwin, DL Lesch, SM Shouse, PJ Soppe, R Ayars, JE AF Corwin, DL Lesch, SM Shouse, PJ Soppe, R Ayars, JE TI Identifying soil properties that influence cotton yield using soil sampling directed by apparent soil electrical conductivity SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION TECHNIQUES; MULTIPLE LINEAR-REGRESSION; SPATIAL PREDICTION METHODS; SALINITY; PH AB Crop yield inconsistently correlates with apparent. soil electrical conductivity (ECa) because of the influence of soil properties (e.g., salinity, water content, texture, etc.) that may or may not influence yield within a particular field and because of a temporal component of yield variability that is poorly captured by a state variable such as ECa. Nevertheless, in instances where yield correlates with EC., maps of EC. are useful for devising soil sampling schemes to identify soil properties influencing yield within a field. A west side San Joaquin Valley field (32.4 ha) was used to demonstrate how spatial distributions of ECa can guide a soil sample design to determine the soil properties influencing seed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.; 'MAXXA' variety) yield. Soil sample sites were selected with a statistical sample design utilizing spatial EC. measurements. Statistical results are presented from correlation and regression analyses between cotton yield and the properties of pH, B, NO3-N, Cl-, salinity, leaching fraction (LF), gravimetric water content, bulk density, percentage clay, and saturation percentage. Correlation coefficients of -0.01, 0.50, -0.03, 0.25, 053, -0.49, 0.42, -0.29, 036, and 0.38, respectively, were determined. A site-specific response model of cotton yield was developed based on ordinary least squares regression analysis and adjusted for spatial autocorrelation using maximum likelihood. The response model indicated that salinity, plant-available water, LF, and pH were the most significant soil properties influencing cotton yield at the study site. The correlations and response model provide valuable information for site-specific management. C1 ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. ARS, USDA, Water Management Res Lab, Parlier, CA 92648 USA. RP Corwin, DL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM dcorwin@ussl.ars.usda.gov RI Soppe, Richard/A-9581-2010 OI Soppe, Richard/0000-0001-6751-8507 NR 45 TC 76 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 95 IS 2 BP 352 EP 364 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 659XR UT WOS:000181804400016 ER PT J AU Lesch, SM Corwin, DL AF Lesch, SM Corwin, DL TI Using the dual-pathway parallel conductance model to determine how different soil properties influence conductivity survey data SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION TECHNIQUES; MULTIPLE LINEAR-REGRESSION; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SPATIAL PREDICTION; SALINITY; SALT; GROUNDWATER AB The correlation structure between apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) and various soil properties can often appear radically dissimilar in different field surveys. Ideally, some type of methodology for survey data validation should be developed that can predict the expected correlation structure between ECa survey data and various soil properties, given information about the soil properties themselves. In this paper, we review an existing model for ECa and hypothesize that this model can be used to accurately predict the expected correlation structure between EC data and multiple soil properties of interest (such as soil salinity, saturation-paste percentage, and soil water content). Our objective is twofold: (i) to demonstrate how this model can be employed to produce the expected correlation structure and (ii) to extend this ECa model to handle survey data collected under low water content situations by dynamically adjusting the model's assumed water content function. This adjustment can be estimated using acquired ECa signal and soil sample data, and its statistical significance can be determined for each specific survey situation. We demonstrate both of these techniques using acquired electromagnetic induction signal data and measured soil properties of interest from 12 different field salinity surveys performed in California and Colorado and in Alberta, Canada. Results from these 12 surveys suggest that the ordinary model is able to accurately predict the expected correlation structure between conductivity and soil property when the water content is near field capacity and that the dynamically adjusted model is able to substantially improve the accuracy of the predicted correlation structure when the water content is significantly below field capacity. C1 ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Lesch, SM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. EM slesch@ussl.ars.usda.gov NR 32 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 95 IS 2 BP 365 EP 379 PG 15 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 659XR UT WOS:000181804400017 ER PT J AU Dao, TH Cavigelli, MA AF Dao, TH Cavigelli, MA TI Mineralizable carbon, nitrogen, and water-extractable phosphorus release from stockpiled and composted manure and manure-amended soils SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POULTRY LITTER; CONSERVATION TILLAGE; DIOXIDE EVOLUTION; FEEDLOT MANURE; BROILER LITTER; ORGANIC-MATTER; DRIED SOIL; RUNOFF; WHEAT; MANAGEMENT AB Dissolved N and P transfer to runoff water may increase with surface applications and shallow soil incorporation of animal manure. Information is needed regarding water-extractable nutrient release during manure decomposition to quantify that potential transfer to runoff in permanent pastures and conservation tillage systems. Release of net mineralizable C (MIN_C), net mineralizable N (MIN_N), and dissolved reactive P (DRP) was determined in stockpiled and composted cattle (Bos taurus) manure and manure-amended soils at 4, 20, and 35degreesC for 322 d at about 60% water-filled pore space. Flushes of CO2-C exceeding 100 mg kg(-1)d(-1), inorganic N, and DRP were released rapidly from both manures when incubated alone or as soil amendments. Dissolved P release varied inversely with sorption capacity and degree of P saturation in an Aridic Paleustalf and Torrertic Paleustoll. Net mineralizable C, MIN_N, and DRP flux densities were lognormally distributed during the 322-d incubation. Results from the lognormal modeling approach suggest that incubations needed to be performed only for as long as needed to attain the 50% maximal flux density beyond the maximum to predict MIN_C, MIN_N, and DRP release flux density distributions. Significant nonlinear relationships exist between ln(cumulative CO2-C) and inorganic N or DRP and have an inflexion point between 14 and 20 d. The nonlinearity of the C-to-N and C-to-DRP relationships indicates multiple substrate pools and supports the use of lognormal distributions to describe MIN-C, MIN_N, and DRP release from manures and manure-amended soils and to shorten laborious incubations. C1 ARS, USDA, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, USDA, SASL, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dao, TH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM thdao@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 41 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 95 IS 2 BP 405 EP 413 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 659XR UT WOS:000181804400022 ER PT J AU MacAdam, JW Mayland, HF AF MacAdam, JW Mayland, HF TI The relationship of leaf strength to cattle preference in tall fescue cultivars SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RYEGRASS LOLIUM-PERENNE; SHEAR BREAKING LOAD; NUTRITIVE-VALUE; FEEDING VALUE; ANATOMY; SHEEP AB Low values of leaf blade tensile and shear strength have been related to herbivore preference and intake in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and other forage grasses. This study examined relationships between leaf strength and cattle (Bos taurus) preference for eight cultivars of tall fescue (Festuca aruadinacea Schreb.). Both tensile strength and shear strength of tall fescue leaf blades were measured, along with several leaf blade anatomical characteristics. Leaf tensile strength was negatively correlated (r = -0.20, P less than or equal to 0.01) with preference in this study. 'Mozark', the cultivar with the highest leaf tensile strength, also had the highest proportion of structural tissue in leaf blade transverse sections. Shear strength was also negatively correlated with preference (r = -0.16, P less than or equal to 0.05). Leaf strength of both chamber- and field-grown plants was negatively correlated with both leaf blade width and thickness. Leaf width and thickness increased together and were positively correlated with preference in all experiments. Wider leaves also had greater distance between veins and therefore more mesophyll tissue volume. We concluded that leaf width would be a useful trait in the selection of grasses for cattle preference, since it would result in grasses with a higher proportion of cell contents to fiber. This conclusion is supported by the positive correlation of preference with total nonstructural carbohydrates in an earlier study of the same tall fescue cultivars. C1 Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RP MacAdam, JW (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Biometeorol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM jenmac@cc.usu.edu RI MacAdam, Jennifer/B-3156-2009 OI MacAdam, Jennifer/0000-0003-2349-9863 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 95 IS 2 BP 414 EP 419 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 659XR UT WOS:000181804400023 ER PT J AU Heatherly, LG Spurlock, SR Reddy, KN AF Heatherly, LG Spurlock, SR Reddy, KN TI Influence of early-season nitrogen and weed management on irrigated and nonirrigated glyphosate-resistant and susceptible soybean SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GLYCINE-MAX; NARROW-ROW; MIDSOUTHERN USA; NO-TILL; TOLERANT; SYSTEMS; HERBICIDES; PLANTINGS; SPRAYER; WIDTH AB Field studies were conducted on Sharkey clay soil (very-fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Epiaquert) at Stoneville, MS (33degrees26' N lat). The objectives were to determine the effect of application of 0 and 35 kg N ha(-1) applied early in the growing season to glyphosate-resistant (GR) and non-GR soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] cultivars using two weed management systems in irrigated and nonirrigated environments. Weed management systems were (i) pre-emergent followed by postemergent weed management using nonglyphosate herbicides applied to both GR and non-GR cultivars (PRE + POST) and (ii) postemergent weed management using glyphosate on GR cultivars and nonglyphosate herbicides on non-GR cultivars (POST). Applied N had no effect on weed management in or yield from soybean and lowered average net returns by $28 to $50 ha(-1). Average seed yields from the highest-yielding GR cultivar in 1999 and 2000 were 135 and 270 kg ha(-1) more than 1999 and 2000 yields from a non-GR cultivar in the nonirrigated environment (all net returns were negative and yields <1500 kg ha(-1)). In the irrigated environment, use of a non-GR cultivar compared with a GR cultivar resulted in a significant 200 and 250 kg ha(-1) greater yield and greater profits in 2 of 3 yr. Use of PRE + POST compared with POST-only was not necessary for achieving greatest yield or net return with either non-GR or GR cultivars. Use of postemergent glyphosate always resulted in the cheapest weed control ($43 to $81 ha(-)1), even with the greater cost for seed of GR cultivars included. There was no measured effect of glyphosate compared with nonglyphosate herbicides on GR cultivar yield. C1 ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Dept Agr Econ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. ARS, USDA, So Weed Sci Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Heatherly, LG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, POB 343, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. EM lheatherly@ars.usda.gov NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 95 IS 2 BP 446 EP 453 PG 8 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 659XR UT WOS:000181804400027 ER PT J AU Harbo, JR Harris, JW AF Harbo, JR Harris, JW TI An evaluation of commercially produced queens that have the SMR trait SO AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HONEY-BEES HYMENOPTERA; MESOSTIGMATA; RESISTANCE; VARROIDAE; APIDAE C1 USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. RP Harbo, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Honey Bee Breeding Genet & Physiol Res Lab, 1157 Ben Hur Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70820 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU DADANT & SONS INC PI HAMILTON PA AMER BEE JOURNAL, HAMILTON, IL 62341 USA SN 0002-7626 J9 AM BEE J JI Am. Bee J. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 143 IS 3 BP 213 EP 216 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 650YY UT WOS:000181293400017 ER PT J AU Pawlosky, RJ Hibbeln, JR Lin, YH Goodson, S Riggs, P Sebring, N Brown, GL Salem, N AF Pawlosky, RJ Hibbeln, JR Lin, YH Goodson, S Riggs, P Sebring, N Brown, GL Salem, N TI Effects of beef-and fish-based diets on the kinetics of n-3 fatty acid metabolism in human subjects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE fatty acid kinetics; alpha-linolenic acid; n-3 fatty acids; docosahexaenoic acid; compartmental model; isotope tracer; fish diet ID ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; TERM INFANTS; GUINEA-PIG; BRAIN; DISEASE; RISK; RAT; FORMULA; PATHWAY AB Background: The quantity and type of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can alter essential fatty acid metabolism in humans. Diets rich in 20- and 22-carbon PUFAs may inhibit desaturase expression or activity and decrease the synthesis of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids. Objective: It was theorized that the fat content of a fish-based diet would inhibit the kinetics of the in vivo metabolism of n-3 fatty acids compared with a beef-based diet. Design: A compartmental model was used to determine the coefficients of the kinetic rate constants from the plasma concentration time curves of pentadeuterated (d(5)) 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3, and 22:6n-3 of 10 subjects who subsisted on 3 diets with different long-chain PUFA contents. For 3 wk, subjects reported their food intake from their usual diets and then consumed a beef-based diet for 3 wk and then a fish-based diet for an additional 3 wk. Subjects consumed 1 g d(5)-18:3n-3 ethyl ester at weeks 3, 6, and 9. Blood was drawn over 168 h and the plasma analyzed for fatty acids. The coefficients of the kinetic constants of n-3 fatty acid metabolism and the percentage utilization of the substrates were determined. Results: Across all diets, < 1% of plasma 18:3n-3 was utilized for long-chain PUFA synthesis. There was a 70% reduction in the value of the rate constant coefficient that regulated transfer of the isotope from the 22:5n-3 compartment to 22:6n-3 when the fish-based diet was compared with the beef-based diet. The turnover rate of plasma d(5)-22:6n-3 also decreased. Conclusions: The primary effect of a fish-based diet on the kinetics of n-3 metabolism involves processes that inhibit the synthesis of 22:6n-3 from 22:5n-3. These processes may involve a system of feedback control mechanisms responsive to the plasma concentration of 22:6n-3 C1 NIAAA, Lab Membrane Biochem & Biophys, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. USDA, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NIAAA, Clin Studies Lab, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NIH, Dept Nutr, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Pawlosky, RJ (reprint author), NIAAA, Lab Membrane Biochem & Biophys, NIH, Room 114,12420 Parklawn Dr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. NR 24 TC 97 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 77 IS 3 BP 565 EP 572 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 649LT UT WOS:000181210600008 PM 12600844 ER PT J AU Butte, NF Treuth, MS Mehta, NR Wong, WW Hopkinson, JM Smith, EO AF Butte, NF Treuth, MS Mehta, NR Wong, WW Hopkinson, JM Smith, EO TI Energy requirements of women of reproductive age SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE energy requirements; total energy expenditure; basal metabolic rate; activity; body composition; doubly labeled water method; women ID LABELED WATER MEASUREMENTS; RESTING METABOLIC-RATE; INDIRECT CALORIMETRY; PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES; AFFLUENT SOCIETIES; OVERWEIGHT WOMEN; BODY-COMPOSITION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; EXPENDITURE; OXIDATION AB Background: The energy requirements of women have been based on total energy expenditure (TEE) derived from the factorial approach or as multiples of basal metabolic rate (BMR). Objective: This study was designed to reevaluate the energy requirements of healthy, moderately active underweight, normal-weight, and overweight women of reproductive age. Design: The energy requirements of 116 women [n = 13 with a low body mass index (BMI), n = 70 with a normal BMI, and n = 33 with a high BMI] were estimated from TEE measured by the doubly labeled water method. Twenty-four-hour EE and BMR were measured by room respiration calorimetry, activity EE was estimated from nonbasal EE as TEE - BMR, and physical activity level was calculated as TEE/BMR. Body composition was derived from a multicomponent model. Fitness, strength, and physical activity level were assessed, and fasting serum indexes were measured. Results: Energy requirements differed among the low-BMI (8.9 +/- 0.9 MJ/d), normal-BMI (10.1 +/- 1.4 MJ/d), and high-BMI (11.5 +/- 1.9 MJ/d) groups (P = 0.02-0.001, all pairwise comparisons). Major predictors of BMR, 24-h EE, and TEE were weight, height, and body composition; minor predictors were fasting metabolic profile and fitness. Fat-free mass and fat mass accounted for the differences in EE seen between the BMI groups. The mean physical activity level of 1.86 suggested that the multiples of BMR used to estimate energy requirements have been underestimated. Conclusion: Recommended energy intakes for healthy, moderately active women of reproductive age living in industrialized societies should be revised on the basis of TEE. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Butte, NF (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 77 IS 3 BP 630 EP 638 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 649LT UT WOS:000181210600017 PM 12600853 ER PT J AU Ribaya-Mercado, JD Solon, FS Dallal, GE Solomons, NW Fermin, LS Mazariegos, M Dolnikowski, GG Russell, RM AF Ribaya-Mercado, JD Solon, FS Dallal, GE Solomons, NW Fermin, LS Mazariegos, M Dolnikowski, GG Russell, RM TI Quantitative assessment of total body stores of vitamin A in adults with the use of a 3-d deuterated-retinol-dilution procedure SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE deuterated retinol dilution; DRD; 3-d DRD; stable isotope dilution; vitamin A body stores; vitamin A status assessment; Phillipines; Guatemala ID A STATUS; CHILDREN; CAROTENOIDS; VEGETABLES; HUMANS AB Background: The conventional deuterated-retinol-dilution (DRD) technique provides a quantitative estimate of total body stores of vitamin A in humans. The procedure requires equilibration of serum deuterated retinol with nondeuterated retinol after administration of an oral dose of deuterated vitamin A. Equilibration takes approximate to3 wk to complete. Objective: Our goal was to develop a predictive mathematical formula for quantitative assessment of total body stores of vitamin A in adults by using a procedure that takes less time to perform because serum isotope equilibration is not required, so that blood drawing can be done 3 d, instead of approximate to3 wk, after isotope dosing. Design: Ratios of serum deuterated to nondeuterated retinol (D:H retinol) were determined in Filipino adults (n = 68) 3 and 20 d after an oral dose of 0.015 mmol [H-2(4)]retinyl acetate and in Guatemalan adults (n = 15) 3 and 21 d after a 0.030-mmol dose. D:H retinol values 20 or 21 d after the isotope dose were used in a mathematical formula to obtain quantitative estimates of total body stores of vitamin A that were then correlated with serum D:H retinol values 3 d after the isotope dose. Results: The relation between these variables was nonlinear and was described by the following equation: total body stores of vitamin A (in mmol retinol) = 0.00468 x 10(37(isotope) (dose) (in) (mmol))/D:H retinol in serum 3 d after the isotope dose. Conclusion: A 3-d DRD technique could be used for quantitative assessment of total body stores of vitamin A; this technique takes less time than does the conventional DRD technique. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Nutr Ctr Philippines, Manila, Philippines. Ctr Studies Sensory Impairment Aging & Metab, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RP Ribaya-Mercado, JD (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 77 IS 3 BP 694 EP 699 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 649LT UT WOS:000181210600027 PM 12600863 ER PT J AU Chiang, EPI Bagley, PJ Selhub, J Nadeau, M Roubenoff, R AF Chiang, EPI Bagley, PJ Selhub, J Nadeau, M Roubenoff, R TI Abnormal vitamin B-6 status is associated with severity of symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; PYRIDOXAL 5'-PHOSPHATE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; PLASMA; HOMOCYSTEINE; INFLAMMATION; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA AB PURPOSE: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have low plasma vitamin B-6 levels and elevated plasma homocysteine responses to a methionine load. We examined whether these abnormalities are associated with clinical and biochemical indicators of disease status. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study in 37 patients who met the American College of Rheumatology criteria for rheumatoid arthritis. Vitamin B-6 status was assessed by the plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate level and with the homocysteine response to a methionine load test. Clinical disease activity was assessed by joint counts, the Health Assessment Questionnaire disability score, and biochemical markers of the acute phase response. RESULTS: Plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate levels were inversely correlated with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = -0.37, P = 0.02), C-reactive protein level (r = -0.52, P = 0.002), disability score (r = -0.37, P = 0.02), morning stiffness (r = -0.38, P = 0.02), and degree of pain (r = -0.33, P = 0.04). The increase in homocysteine levels after a methionine load correlated with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.39, P = 0.02), C-reactive protein level (r = 0.37, P = 0.03), disability score (r = 0.37, P = 0.04), degree of pain (r = 0.38, P = 0.02) and fatigue (r = 0.42, P = 0.01), number of painful joints (r = 0.43, P = 0.007), and number of swollen joints (r = 0.32, P = 0.05). CONCLUSION: Markers of vitamin B-6 status are associated with disease activity and severity, synovial burden, and pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, raising the possibility that impaired vitamin B-6 status in these patients is a result of inflammation. (C) 2003 by Excerpta Medica Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Vitamin Metab & Aging Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Roubenoff, R (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sarcopenia Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Bagley, Pamela/N-1906-2015 OI Bagley, Pamela/0000-0002-1214-7814 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 00054] NR 27 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 4 U2 6 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 114 IS 4 BP 283 EP 287 DI 10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01528-0 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 666JF UT WOS:000182173600005 PM 12681455 ER PT J AU Elliott, DE Li, J Blum, A Metwali, A Qadir, K Urban, JF Weinstock, JV AF Elliott, DE Li, J Blum, A Metwali, A Qadir, K Urban, JF Weinstock, JV TI Exposure to schistosome eggs protects mice from TNBS-induced colitis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Schistosoma mansoni ID INFLAMMATORY BOWEL-DISEASE; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; CROHNS-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; IFN-GAMMA; PERITONEAL-MACROPHAGES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; CYTOKINE RESPONSES; MANSONI AB Crohn's disease results from dysregulated T helper (Th) 1-type mucosal inflammation. Crohn's disease is rare in tropical countries but prevalent in developed countries with temperate climates, in which its incidence rose after 1940. In contrast, exposure to helminthic parasites is common in tropical countries but is rare in developed countries. Helminthic parasites induce immunomodulatory T cell responses in the host. We hypothesize that immunomodulatory responses due to helminths may attenuate excessive Th1-type inflammation. To test that hypothesis, mice were exposed to eggs of the helminth Schistosoma mansoni and then challenged rectally with trinitrobenzesulfonic acid (TNBS) to induce colitis. Schistosome egg exposure attenuated TNBS colitis and protected mice from lethal inflammation. Schistosome egg exposure diminished IFN-gamma and enhanced IL-4 production from alphaCD3-stimulated spleen and mesenteric lymph node cells of TNBS-treated mice. Schistosome egg exposure decreased colonic IFN-gamma but increased IL-10 mRNA expression in TNBS-treated mice. Intact signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 was required for attenuation of colitis. Exposure to helminths can decrease murine colonic inflammation. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. ARS, Immunol Dis Resistance Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Elliott, DE (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 02428, DK 58755, DK 25295, DK 38327] NR 37 TC 170 Z9 178 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1857 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-GASTR L JI Am. J. Physiol.-Gastroint. Liver Physiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 284 IS 3 BP G385 EP G391 DI 10.1152/ajpgi.00049.2002 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Physiology GA 642WC UT WOS:000180827600005 PM 12431903 ER PT J AU Bamberg, JB Del Rio, AH AF Bamberg, JB Del Rio, AH TI Vulnerability of alleles in the US Potato Genebank extrapolated from RAPDs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE germplasm; Solanum; conservation ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; WILD; ACCESSIONS; GERMPLASM; MARKERS; SOLANUM; REGENERATION; CONSERVATION; COLLECTIONS; BANKS AB Crop genebank managers must be concerned with preserving low-frequency alleles that are vulnerable to being lost from the genebank because they are not sampled as seed increase parents. Traits conferred by such alleles are also vulnerable to being overlooked because they are not sampled in plants evaluated for breeding traits. Mathematical models and recommendations that follow from hypothetical vulnerable alleles within single populations have been made by various researchers. This work was undertaken to empirically detect the prevalence of such alleles in the US Potato Genebank by extrapolation from RAPD markers. Two outcrossing species known to be very heterogeneous were selected, Solanum jamesii Torr. (2n=2x=24) and Solanum sucrense Hawkes (2n=4x=48). RAPD band frequencies at a total of 83 marker loci within each of 15 populations were assessed using 24 plants per population. For both species, about 10% of within-population loci had vulnerable alleles (banded plant frequency <40%), considering just the particular population in question. However, about half of these were fixed in at least one other population (making that marker invulnerable to loss). The highest within-population banded plant frequency for loci not fixed in any population was, with one exception, always >40%. So, while several alleles may be vulnerable within a given population, these were nearly always fixed or nearly fixed (invulnerable) in another population. This suggests that the safest strategy for maximizing conservation of alleles is to apportion available resources over many separate populations, rather than adopt a preservation protocol so rigorous that it can only be practically applied to a limited number of populations. C1 ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Interreg Potato Intro Stn, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Bamberg, JB (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Interreg Potato Intro Stn, 4312 Hwy 42, Sturgeon Bay, WI 54235 USA. OI Del Rio, Alfonso/0000-0001-8780-747X NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2 BP 79 EP 85 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 676LV UT WOS:000182754300001 ER PT J AU Halbert, SE Corsini, DL Wiebe, MA AF Halbert, SE Corsini, DL Wiebe, MA TI Potato virus Y transmission efficiency for some common aphids in Idaho SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Aphididae; Potato virus Y; PVY; Capitophorus elaeagni; cereal aphids ID VECTOR; CROPS AB Green the pan trap counts during the potato-growing season showed that Capitophorus elaeagni (32%), Diuraphis noxia (27.7%), and Metopolophium dirhodum (15%) were the most abundant aphid species in potato fields at Aberdeen, Idaho. Acyrthosiphon pisum (22%), C. elaeagni (19%), and Metopolophium dirhodum (19%) were the most abundant species in potato fields at Tetonia, Idaho potato seed production areas. Eight species of aphids found to visit potato fields (C. elaeagni, D. noxia, M. dirhodum, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum padi, Schizaphis graminum, and Sitobion avenae) were tested for Potato virus Y (PVY) transmission efficiency by timed probe experiments. Four of these species (D. noxia, M. dirhodum, M. persicae, and S. avenae) and an additional three (Diuraphis frequens, Diuraphis mexicana, and Diuraphis tritici) were tested using mass inoculations. Capitophorus elaeagni, M. persicae, R. maidis, R. padi, and S. graminum all transmitted PVY in the timed probe experiments. Myzus persicae and D. noxia transmitted PVY in the mass inoculation experiments. C1 Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. Univ Idaho, Aberdeen Res & Extens Ctr, USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. RP Halbert, SE (reprint author), Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Div Plant Ind, POB 147100, Gainesville, FL 32614 USA. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2 BP 87 EP 91 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 676LV UT WOS:000182754300002 ER PT J AU Brodie, BB AF Brodie, BB TI The loss of expression of the H-1 gene in Bt transgenic potatoes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF POTATO RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE golden nematode; nematode resistance; Globodera rostochiensis ID GLOBODERA-ROSTOCHIENSIS; RESISTANCE AB During evaluation of potato clones and cultivars from the Cornell seed production program to confirm their resistance to Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber) Behrens (golden nematode) pathotype Ro1, several cysts developed on the transgenic cultivar Atlantic NewLeaf. This transformed cultivar resulted from the insertion of a Bt endotoxin gene into the golden-nematode-resistant cultivar Atlantic. In subsequent bioassay tests, golden nematode cysts developed freely on the transgenic cultivar that originated from Atlantic NewLeaf clone 6, but not on Atlantic NewLeaf clones 31 and 36. Clones 31 and 36 were from different Bt transformation events of the cultivar Atlantic that were never commercialized. RFLP analysis of Atlantic used in the transformations and the Atlantic NewLeaf clones 6, 31, and 36 showed that they possessed the marker for the H-1 gene that confers resistance to golden nematode pathotype Ro1. These data indicate that the Bt transformation process adversely affected the expression of the H-1 gene in the transgenic cultivar Atlantic NewLeaf. This finding highlights the importance of pre-release evaluation of transgenic plants for any previously known major traits such as pest and disease resistance before they are commercialized. C1 Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Brodie, BB (reprint author), Cornell Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Plant Pathol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU POTATO ASSOC AMER PI ORONO PA UNIV MAINE, 5715 COBURN HALL, RM 6, ORONO, ME 04469-5715 USA SN 1099-209X J9 AM J POTATO RES JI Am. J. Potato Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2 BP 135 EP 139 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 676LV UT WOS:000182754300007 ER PT J AU Mansfield, LS Gauthier, DT Abner, SR Jones, KM Wilder, SR Urban, JF AF Mansfield, LS Gauthier, DT Abner, SR Jones, KM Wilder, SR Urban, JF TI Enhancement of disease and pathology by synergy of Trichuris suis and Campylobacter jejuni in the colon of immunologically naive swine SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Correction ID IN-VITRO; INFECTIONS; INVASION; CHILDREN; IMMUNITY; CELLS; PATHOGENESIS; MEXICAN; COLITIS; HUMANS AB Campylobacter jejuni, a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis, has different age distribution and disease expression in developing and developed countries, which may be due to the endemnicity of infection and the age of acquisition of immunity. Differences in disease expression are not solely dependent on the C jejuni strain or virulence attributes. Another modulating factor in developing countries may be endemic nematode infections such as Trichuris, which drive type 2 cytokine responses and down-regulate type I immune responses. In this study, three-day-old germfree pigs given dual infections with Trichuris suis and C jejuni had more frequent, more severe diarrhea and severe pathology than pigs given no pathogens, only T. suis, or only C jejuni. These pigs had significant hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltrates in the proximal colon where adult worms were found, and abscessed lymphoglandular complexes in the distal colon with intracellular C jejuni. Pigs given only C jejuni had mild clinical signs and pathology, and bacteria in feces or extracellular sites. Pigs given T suis or no pathogens had no disease and minimal pathology. Thus, these agents synergized to produce significant disease and pathology, which was site specific. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, B43 Food Safety Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Nutrient Requirements & Funct Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Mansfield, LS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, B43 Food Safety Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. OI Mansfield, Linda S./0000-0002-7523-7577; Urban, Joseph/0000-0002-1590-8869 NR 43 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 BP 70 EP 80 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 657QL UT WOS:000181677800001 PM 12556152 ER PT J AU Boru, G Vantoai, T Alves, J Hua, D Knee, M AF Boru, G. Vantoai, T. Alves, J. Hua, D. Knee, M. TI Responses of soybean to oxygen deficiency and elevated root-zone carbon dioxide concentration SO ANNALS OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE anoxia; Glycine max (L.) Merr.; hydroponics; hypoxia; Oryza sativa (L.); rice ID ELONGATION RATE; SOIL CO2; GROWTH; RESPIRATION; ENRICHMENT; TOLERANCE; PLANTS; TOP AB Root flooding is damaging to the growth of crop plants such as soybean (Glycine max L.). Field flooding for 3 d often results in leaf chlorosis, defoliation, cessation of growth and plant death. These effects have been widely attributed solely to a lack of oxygen in the root-zone. However, an additional damaging factor may be CO2, which attains levels of 30 % (v/v) of total dissolved gases. Accordingly, the effects of root-zone CO2 on oxygen-deficient soybean plants were investigated in hydroponic culture. Soybean plants are shown to be very tolerant of excess water and anaerobiosis. No oxygen (100 % N-2 gas) and low oxygen (non-aerated) treatments for 14 d had no effect on soybean survival or leaf greenness, but plants became severely chlorotic and stunted when the roots were exposed to no oxygen together with CO2 concentrations similar to those in flooded fields (equilibrium concentrations of 30 %). When root-zone CO2 was increased to 50 %, a quarter of soybean plants died. Those plants that survived showed severe symptoms of chlorosis, necrosis and root death. In contrast, rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants were not affected by the combination of no oxygen and elevated root-zone CO2. A concentration of 50 % CO2 did not affect rice plant survival or leaf colour. These results suggest that the high susceptibility of soybean to soil flooding, compared with that of rice, is an outcome of its greater sensitivity to Col. (c) 2003 Annals of Botany Company. C1 USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Hort & Crop Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Vantoai, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soil Drainage Res Unit, 590 Woody Hayes Dr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM tvantoai@tigr.org NR 41 TC 42 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 24 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7364 J9 ANN BOT-LONDON JI Ann. Bot. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 91 IS 4 BP 447 EP 453 DI 10.1093/aob/mcg040 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA V43GZ UT WOS:000202924900005 PM 12588724 ER PT J AU Evans, JD Pettis, JS Hood, WM Shimanuki, H AF Evans, JD Pettis, JS Hood, WM Shimanuki, H TI Tracking an invasive honey bee pest: mitochondrial DNA variation in North American small hive beetles SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; mtDNA; invasive pest; Nitidulidae; Aethina tumida ID AETHINA-TUMIDA MURRAY; UNITED-STATES; NITIDULIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB We describe the current and past distributions of North American small hive beetles (Aethina tumida) having two distinct mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. A collection of 539 hive beetles showed irregular distributions of these haplotypes across the southeastern US. Beetles from the first collections made in coastal South Carolina showed haplotype NA1, exclusively. This haplotype is less common in Georgia and was not observed in North Carolina. Later collections from this and other parts of South Carolina appear more similar to those found in other states. The body size of beetles was not correlated with their haplotype, suggesting that differences in haplotype frequency do not reflect selection pressures on covarying differences in the genomes of these beetles. We discuss the implications for inferring the number of separate hive beetle introductions to the US, and for estimating the migration dynamics by hive beetles as they expand their ranges in the New World. C1 ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Evans, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Bee Res Lab, Bldg 476 BARC E, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Evans, Jay/C-8408-2012 OI Evans, Jay/0000-0002-0036-4651 NR 13 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 10 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 2 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1051/apido:2003004 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 662ZX UT WOS:000181981200002 ER PT J AU DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Tarpy, DR Schneider, SS AF DeGrandi-Hoffman, G Tarpy, DR Schneider, SS TI Patriline composition of worker populations in honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies headed by queens inseminated with semen from African and European drones SO APIDOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera; Apis mellifera scutellata; sperm utilization; Africanization process ID SPERM COMPETITION; BEE HYMENOPTERA; KIN RECOGNITION; DNA; SPERMATOZOA; APIDAE; HYBRIDIZATION; ADMIXTURE; BROOD AB Honeybee queens with either European or African maternity were mated to African and European drones to determine rates of sperm utilization. The first month after the queens were inseminated, they produced equal proportions of workers with African and European paternity. However, for the next 3-4 months, more than 70% of the workers produced by queens of either matriline had African paternity. Overall, the queens produced a majority of workers with African paternity during the six-month study period. The possible impact that a higher rate of sperm utilization from African drones might have on the Africanization process is discussed. C1 ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, USDA, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA. RP DeGrandi-Hoffman, G (reprint author), ARS, Carl Hayden Bee Res Ctr, USDA, 2000 E Allen Rd, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. NR 39 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 10 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0044-8435 J9 APIDOLOGIE JI Apidologie PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 2 BP 111 EP 120 DI 10.1051/apido:2003007 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 662ZX UT WOS:000181981200003 ER PT J AU Marchant-Forde, JN Bradshaw, RH Marchant-Forde, RM Broom, DM AF Marchant-Forde, JN Bradshaw, RH Marchant-Forde, RM Broom, DM TI A note on the effect of gestation housing environment on approach test measures in gilts SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pigs-housing; gestation; environment; approach test; behaviour; heart rate ID HEART-RATE; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; WEANLING PIGS; HUMANS; CORTICOSTEROIDS; WELFARE; SOWS; CATTLE; FEAR AB Systems' welfare evaluation, including behavioural testing, is becoming increasingly popular in farm animal assurance schemes. The aims of this study were to investigate whether fairly short-term exposure to gestation housing systems. which varied in physical, environmental and human-input factors, influenced behavioural and physiological measures during a human approach test-often used to identify problems in human-animal interactions. Twenty-four Large White x Landrace gilts were initially subjected to identical human contact and daily husbandry. Forty-two days after set-vice, the gilts were randomly assigned to either an indoor housing system (n = 16) or an outdoor housing system (n = 8), which differed physically and in the amount of human contact and daily husbandry. The indoor system used an electronic sow feeder (ESF), was more space-limited and thermally-controlled and had human contact centered on cleaning out. The outdoor system was more extensive, had much greater space accessible, was not thermally-controlled and had human contact that centered around feeding. The human approach test was carried out on all gilts 30-44 days after entry to the gestation system. At testing, each individual was fitted with heart rate monitor and then moved into a test arena. After 2 min an unfamiliar human entered the pen and stood motionless for 3 min against one wall and then approached the gilt and touched her snout. Throughout the experimental period, behaviour and sound within the test arena were recorded continuously. During the 2 min familiarisation period, outdoor gilts had lower heart rates (108.2 bpm versus 123.7 bpm, P < 0.05) and tended to perform fewer short vocalisations (0.5 calls per min versus 3.4 calls per min, P < 0.1). Outdoor-housed gilts also carried out less locomotor behaviour (2.2 sections crossed versus 4.0 sections crossed, P < 0.05) and tended to perform fewer short (1.4 calls per min versus 5.0 calls per min, P < 0.1) and long vocalisations (0.2 calls per min versus 1.8 calls per min. P < 0.1) over the 3 min test period. Outdoor gilts tended to be slower to approach within 0,5 in of the human (69.9 s versus 19.3 s, P < 0.1) but they then took less extra time to make physical contact (3.3 s versus 52.7 s,P < 0.1). Mean heart rate was significantly lower in out door sows over the whole 3 min period (99.5 bpm versus 115.5 bpm, P < 0.05). The results demonstrate that short-term exposure to different housing systems did influence behavioural and physiological measures during a standard human approach test and thus, systems differences should be taken into account before making judgements about the human-animal relationship on any commercial farm, based on results of behavioural tests of this type. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Clin Vet Med, Anim Welf & Human Anim Interact Grp, Cambridge CB3 0ES, England. De Montfort Univ, Sch Agr, Anim Behav Cognit & Welf Grp, Grantham NG32 3EP, Lincs, England. RP Marchant-Forde, JN (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, Livestock Behav Res Unit, Poultry Sci Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47906 USA. EM marchant@purdue.edu RI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/A-7616-2009 OI Marchant-Forde, Jeremy/0000-0002-5287-2914 NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 2003 VL 80 IS 4 BP 287 EP 296 AR PII S0168-1591(02)00229-0 DI 10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00229-0 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 646KF UT WOS:000181033600003 ER PT J AU Kang, MH Ni, HY Jeffries, TW AF Kang, MH Ni, HY Jeffries, TW TI Molecular characterization of a gene for aldose reductase (CbXYL1) from Candida boidinii and its expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY APR 28-MAY 01, 2002 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE DE Candida boidinii; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; aldose reductase; CbXYL1; xylose reductase; NADH; NADPH; gene cloning; gene expression ID NAD(P)H-DEPENDENT XYLOSE REDUCTASE; YEAST PACHYSOLEN-TANNOPHILUS; PICHIA-STIPITIS; CLONING; FERMENTATION; CONVERSION; XYLITOL; ETHANOL; ENZYME; XYLULOKINASE AB Candida boidinii produces significant amounts of xylitol from xylose, and assays of crude homogenates for aldose (xylose) reductase (XYL1p) have been reported to show relatively high activity with NADH as a cofactor even though XYL1p purified from this yeast does not have such activity. A gene coding for XYL1p from C. boidinii (CbXYL1) was isolated by amplifying the central region using primers to conserved domains and by genome walking. CbXYL1 has an open reading frame of 966 bp encoding 321 amino acids. The C. boidinii XYL1p is highly-similar to other known yeast aldose reductases and is most closely related to the NAD(P)H-linked XYL1p of Kluyveromyces lactis. Cell homogenates from C. boidinii and recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae were tested for XYL1p activity to confirm the previously reported high ratio of NADH:NADPH linked activity. C. boidinii grown under fully aerobic conditions showed an NADH:NADPH activity ratio of 0.76, which was similar to that observed with the XYL1p from Pichia stipitis XYL1, but which is much lower than what was previously reported. Cells grown under low aeration showed an NADH:NADPH activity ratio of 2.13. Recombinant S. cerevisiae expressing CbXYL1 showed only NADH-linked activity in cell homogenates. Southern hybridization did not reveal additional bands. These results imply that a second, unrelated gene for XYL1p is present in C. boidinii. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Jeffries, TW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, 1550 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 41 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 105 BP 265 EP 276 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 675YK UT WOS:000182725000024 PM 12721450 ER PT J AU Jin, YS Jeffries, TW AF Jin, YS Jeffries, TW TI Changing flux of xylose metabolites by altering expression of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY APR 28-MAY 01, 2002 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE DE metabolic flux; metabolic engineering; xylose; xylose reductase; xylitol dehydrogenase ID PENTOSE-PHOSPHATE PATHWAY; YEAST PICHIA-STIPITIS; D-XYLULOSE; FERMENTATION; ETHANOL; GENES; ENZYMES; CONSTRUCTION; CONVERSION; GLUCOSE AB We changed the fluxes of xylose metabolites in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae by manipulating expression of Pichia stipitis genes (XYL1 and XYL2) coding for xylose reductase (XR) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH), respectively. XYL1 copy number was kept constant by integrating it into the chromosome. Copy numbers of XYL2 were varied either by integrating XYL2 into the chromosome or by transforming cells with XYL2 in a multicopy vector. Genes in all three constructs were under control of the strong constitutive glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. Enzymatic activity of XR and XDH in the recombinant strains increased with the copy number of XYL1 and XYL2. XR activity was not detected in the parent but was present at a nearly constant level in all of the transformants. XDH activity increased 12-fold when XYL2 was on a multicopy vector compared with when it was present in an integrated single copy. Product formation during xylose fermentation was affected by XDH activity and by aeration in recombinant S. cerevisiae. Higher XDH activity and more aeration resulted in less xylitol and more xylulose accumulation during xylose fermentation. Secretion of xylulose by strains with multicopy XYL2 and elevated XDH supports the hypothesis that D-xylulokinase limits metabolic flux in recombinant S. cerevisiae. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bacteriol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Jeffries, TW (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Sci, 1605 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012; Jin, Yong-Su/L-4530-2013 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065; NR 24 TC 41 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 105 BP 277 EP 285 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 675YK UT WOS:000182725000025 PM 12721451 ER PT J AU Bura, R Bothast, RJ Mansfield, SD Saddler, JN AF Bura, R Bothast, RJ Mansfield, SD Saddler, JN TI Optimization of SO2-catalyzed steam pretreatment of corn fiber for ethanol production SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY APR 28-MAY 01, 2002 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE DE corn fiber; steam pretreatment; enzymatic hydrolysis; posthydrolysis; fermentation; ethanol ID SULFUR-DIOXIDE ADDITION; SOFTWOOD PINUS-RADIATA; EXPLOSION; HYDROLYSIS; FRACTIONATION; RECOVERY; WATER; AFEX AB A batch reactor was employed to steam explode corn fiber at various degrees of severity to evaluate the potential of using this feedstock as part of an enzymatically mediated cellulose-to-ethanol process. Severity was controlled by altering temperature (150-230degreesC), residence time (1-9 min), and SO2 concentration (0-6% [w/w] dry matter). The effects of varying the different parameters were assessed by response surface modeling. The results indicated that maximum sugar yields (hemicellulose-derived water soluble, and cellulose-derived following enzymatic hydrolysis) were recovered from corn fiber pretreated at 190degreesC for 5 minutes after exposure to 3% SO2. Sequential SO2-catalyzed steam explosion and enzymatic hydrolysis resulted in a conversion efficiency of 81% of the combined original hemicellulose and cellulose in the corn fiber to monomeric sugars. An additional posthydrolysis step performed on water soluble hemicellulose stream increased the concentration of sugars available for fermentation by 10%, resulting in the high conversion efficiency of 91%. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was able to ferment the resultant corn fiber hydrolysates, perhydrolysate, and liquid fraction from the posthydrolysis steps to 89,94, and 85% of theoretical ethanol conversion, respectively. It was apparent that all of the parameters investigated during the steam explosion pretreatment had a significant effect on sugar recovery, inhibitory formation, enzymatic conversion efficiency, and fermentation capacity of the yeast. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Wood Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Saddler, JN (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Wood Sci, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RI Saddler, Jack (John)/A-9103-2013 NR 20 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 11 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 105 BP 319 EP 335 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 675YK UT WOS:000182725000030 PM 12721456 ER PT J AU McLaren, JS Jeffries, TW AF McLaren, JS Jeffries, TW TI Genetics and genomics in bioenergy and bioproducts SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Inverizon Int Inc, Chesterfield, MO USA. USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP McLaren, JS (reprint author), Inverizon Int Inc, Chesterfield, MO USA. RI Jeffries, Thomas/I-8576-2012 OI Jeffries, Thomas/0000-0001-7408-4065 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 105 BP 631 EP 632 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 675YK UT WOS:000182725000056 ER PT J AU Chen, HZ Li, XL Blum, DL Ximenes, EA Ljungdahl, LG AF Chen, HZ Li, XL Blum, DL Ximenes, EA Ljungdahl, LG TI CelF of Orpinomyces PC-2 has an intron and encodes a cellulase (CelF) containing a carbohydrate-binding module SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals CY APR 28-MAY 01, 2002 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE DE cellulase; anaerobic fungi; Orpinomyces; cellulose-binding module; carbohydrate-binding module ID REESEI CELLOBIOHYDROLASE-II; ANAEROBIC FUNGUS; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; STRAIN PC-2; NEOCALLIMASTIX-FRONTALIS; GENE DUPLICATION; CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOCELLUM; CELLULOLYTIC ENZYMES; DOCKING DOMAINS; SEQUENCE AB A cDNA, designated celF, encoding a cellulase (CelF) was isolated from the anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces PC-2. The open reading frame contains regions coding for a signal peptide, a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM), a linker, and a catalytic domain. The catalytic domain was homologous to those of CelA and CelC of the same fungus and to that of the Neocallimastix patriciarum CELA, but CelF lacks a docking domain, characteristic for enzymes of cellulosomes. It was also homologous to the cellobiohydrolase IIs and endoglucanases of aerobic organisms. The gene has a 111-bp intron, located within the CBM-coding region. Some biochemical properties of the purified recombinant enzyme are described. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Ctr Biol Resource Recovery, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Diversa Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Univ Brasilia, Lab Enzimlogia, Dept Biol Celular, BR-70910900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP Li, XL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Ctr Biol Resource Recovery, Life Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RI Ximenes, Eduardo/G-5323-2013; OI Ximenes, Eduardo/0000-0001-9087-0218 NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 105 BP 775 EP 785 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 675YK UT WOS:000182725000071 PM 12721415 ER PT J AU Stone, KC Hunt, PG Novak, JM Johnson, MH AF Stone, KC Hunt, PG Novak, JM Johnson, MH TI In-stream wetland design for non-point source pollution abatement SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE wetlands; nitrogen; ammonia; design ID EASTERN COASTAL-PLAIN; WATER-QUALITY; RETENTION; IMPACT AB Nonpoint source pollution (NPS) of rivers and streams is a major concern worldwide. Most methods for NPS mitigation focus on source reductions; few have been developed to mitigate NPS once nutrients have entered streams. One system that has been shown to be effective in reducing stream nitrogen is by using in-stream wetlands (ISW). The objective of this research was to determine if design approaches used in constructed wetlands could be applied to predict ISW effectiveness in treating NPS. The 3.3-ha ISW studied was located in a 425-ha watershed in eastern North Carolina. We analyzed the data from the ISW to calculate the first-order rate constants (K-20 and dimensionless temperature coefficient, 0) for the k-C* model used in constructed wetland design. We found that our calculated rate constants were in close agreement with literature estimates with TN K-20 = 19-20 m/y and theta = 1.0-1.03. NO3-N rate constants were K-20 = 38-54 m/y and theta = 1.07-1.13. The design equations used for constructed wetlands can be successfully used to predict the performance of the ISW prior to their implementation. C1 USDA ARS, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Stone, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, 2611 W Lucas St, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 19 IS 2 BP 171 EP 175 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 689NU UT WOS:000183500500009 ER PT J AU Haggard, BE Soerens, TS Green, WR Richards, RP AF Haggard, BE Soerens, TS Green, WR Richards, RP TI Using regression methods to estimate stream phosphorus loads at the Illinois River, Arkansas SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE streams; phosphorus loads; phosphorus transport; water quality monitoring ID SAMPLING STRATEGIES; CONSTITUENT LOADS; SEDIMENT AB The development of total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) requires evaluating existing constituent loads in streams. Accurate estimates of constituent loads are needed to calibrate watershed and reservoir models for TMDL development. The best approach to estimate constituent loads is high frequency sampling, particularly during storm events, and mass integration of constituents passing a point in a stream. Most often, resources are limited and discrete water quality samples are collected on fixed intervals and sometimes supplemented with directed sampling during storm events. When resources are limited, mass integration is not an accurate means to determine constituent loads and other load estimation techniques such as regression models are used. The objective of this work was to determine a minimum number of water-quality samples needed to provide constituent concentration data adequate to estimate constituent loads at a large stream. Twenty sets of water quality samples with and without supplemental storm samples were randomly selected at various fixed intervals from a database at the Illinois River, northwest Arkansas. The random sets were used to estimate total phosphorus (TP) loads using regression models. The regression-based annual TP loads were compared to the integrated annual TP load estimated using all the data. At a minimum, monthly sampling plus supplemental storm samples (six samples per year) was needed to produce a root mean square error of less than 15%. Water quality samples should be collected at least semi-monthly (every 15 days) in studies less than two years if seasonal time factors are to be used in the regression models. Annual TP loads estimated from independently collected discrete water quality samples further demonstrated the utility of using regression models to estimate annual TP loads in this stream system. C1 USDA ARS PPPSRU, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Civil Engn, Fayetteville, AR USA. RP Haggard, BE (reprint author), USDA ARS PPPSRU, 203 Engn Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 19 IS 2 BP 187 EP 194 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 689NU UT WOS:000183500500011 ER PT J AU Casada, ME O'Brien, KL AF Casada, ME O'Brien, KL TI Accuracy and repeatability of protein content measurements for wheat during storage SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE protein content; wheat; grain storage; grain quality; near-infrared; NIR; standardization; measurement error; repeatability ID INFRARED REFLECTANCE SPECTROSCOPY; QUALITY AB Producers with wheat stored on-farm for a few months are concerned about unexpected decreases in protein content measurements obtained from commercial laboratories. These differences can adversely affect the price when the wheat is sold. This study evaluated the contribution of measurement errors in giving a false indication of protein change during storage. Eleven bins of wheat were sampled at three in-bin positions during one storage season and five of these bins were refilled and sampled during the second season to evaluate differences in protein measurements. Samples were analyzed for protein content using four measurement instruments. Additional wheat was stored in the laboratory and evaluated over two years with two instruments. Data showed that the variation between protein measuring instruments was significant with an expected variation of +/-0.74% protein content (95% confidence interval) during the field tests. The variation over time for measurements with the FGIS instrument was +/-0.3% protein for an eight-month period, when measuring successive samples taken from the same positions. Measurements from the other three instruments varied by +/-0.8% protein or more during the same time. Variation with in-bin position was not significantly different (alpha = 0.05) than the variation between instruments. The greater consistency for the FGIS instrument was likely due to the rigorous standardization and maintenance procedures employed by FGIS for their near-IR protein instruments. These results suggest that a similar rigorous system is needed to obtain the same consistency for other instruments used in the wheat marketing system. C1 USDA ARS, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Univ Idaho, Wheat Qual Lab, Aberdeen, ID USA. RP Casada, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 19 IS 2 BP 203 EP 209 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 689NU UT WOS:000183500500013 ER PT J AU Dewald, CL Springer, TL Beisel, VA AF Dewald, CL Springer, TL Beisel, VA TI The Woodward Chaffy Seed Conditioner 2000 SO APPLIED ENGINEERING IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE seed cleaning; preconditioning; classification; fluidic acceleration; momentum discrimination; ventura; Coanda effect AB Unprocessed chaffy grass seeds are usually a heterogeneous mix of stems, leaves, chaff, awns, hairs, empty glumes and seed of various size and quality. The objective of this research was to develop a three-phase seed conditioner to uniformly meter, precondition, and classify seed. This objective was accomplished by using variable-speed horizontal augers for seed metering, rubber paddles rotating within a circular scalping screen for preconditioning, and fluidic acceleration utilizing the Coanda principle and momentum discrimination for seed quality classification. The Woodward Chaffy Seed Conditioner 2000 was tested on large lots of Texas bluegrass (Poa arachnifera Tort) seed. This grass is an extremely difficult species to process due to excessive fuzzy appendages that cause the seed to cling together in large clumps. The unit successfully metered seed material, preconditioned the seed, and then classified the seed into quality classes. The conditioner removed the fuzzy material from around the seed, leaving the glumes intact that greatly improved flow characteristics. The Woodward air-seed shucker was used to determine percentage grain within a seed material sample and to monitor seed quality at various distances from the fluidic classifier Percentages of grain content increased from 2 to 52% of the conditioned seed material as distance from the exit of the classifier increased from 0.6 to 2.6 m. These data indicated that momentum discrimination was successful for seed quality classification. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. RP Springer, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Range Res Stn, 2000 18th St, Woodward, OK 73801 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0883-8542 J9 APPL ENG AGRIC JI Appl. Eng. Agric. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 19 IS 2 BP 219 EP 223 PG 5 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 689NU UT WOS:000183500500015 ER PT J AU Asztalos, BF Schaefer, EJ AF Asztalos, BF Schaefer, EJ TI HDL in atherosclerosis: actor or bystander? SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPPLEMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 73rd Annual Congress of the European-Atherosclerosis-Society CY JUL 07-10, 2002 CL SALZBURG, AUSTRIA SP European Atherosclerosis Soc DE HDL cholesterol; HDL subpopulations; coronary heart disease; lipoproteins; statin ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I; BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER-1; TANGIER-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ARTERY DISEASE; FOLLOW-UP; CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATIONS; LDL CHOLESTEROL AB Despite dramatic improvement in treatments for reducing risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), it is still the leading cause of mortality in the developed world. In the past decade, a major improvement in reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol has been achieved with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins). This approach has been shown to be beneficial in both primary and secondary prevention of CHD. On the other hand, while a reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level is an independent CHD risk factor, no HDL cholesterol goal has yet been established. The Helsinki Heart Study and the Veterans Affairs High-density Lipoprotein Intervention Trial documented that increasing HDL cholesterol with gemfibrozil significantly decreases coronary events or stroke in CHD patients either with elevated non-HDL cholesterol or normal LDL cholesterol levels plus low HDL cholesterol. Investigations with statins have focused on their efficacy not only in significantly decreasing total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels but also in increasing HDL cholesterol concentrations. The two different classes of drugs (statins and fibrates) have different effects on the various HDL subspecies. As new members of these drug classes and other novel drugs are emerging, there is interest in clarifying whether HDL is only a bystander (an indicator for other CHD risk factors) or it has an active role in the development of CHD. If HDL has an active role, there is a need to determine if any HDL subspecies are protective. It is now clear that HDL plays a pivotal role in cellular cholesterol efflux via the interaction of apolipoprotein A-I with the ATP binding cassette transporter A-1. Thereafter the cholesterol is esterified by lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase; HDL is remodeled by cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and hepatic lipase. The cholesterol in HDL can either be transferred to apolipoprotein B-containing particles via CETP or delivered directly to the liver with the help of scavenger receptor B1. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol Metab Diabet & Mol Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Asztalos, BF (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Lipid Metab Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL064738] NR 56 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 1567-5688 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP JI Atheroscler. Suppl. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 4 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1016/S1567-5688(03)00006-0 PG 9 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 683KK UT WOS:000183147100005 PM 12714034 ER PT J AU Teske, ME Kaufman, AE Thistle, HW Hewitt, AJ Valcore, DL AF Teske, ME Kaufman, AE Thistle, HW Hewitt, AJ Valcore, DL TI Droplet evaporation corrections for aerial spray drift modeling I: Theoretical considerations SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION MODEL; VALIDATION; AIRCRAFT; AGDISP AB This article investigates the overprediction of downwind deposition relative to field drift data by the aerial spray drift model AgDRIFT(R), focusing on droplet evaporative effects as the possible cause. Two topic areas are considered: (1) examination of the effects on droplet temperature as droplets are released into the aircraft wake, and (2) exploration of the local relative humidity surrounding the released droplets issuing from the nozzles on the spray boom. C1 Continuum Dynam Inc, Ewing, NJ USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Morgantown, WV USA. Stewart Agr Res Serv Inc, Macon, GA USA. Dow AgroSci LLC, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Teske, ME (reprint author), Continuum Dynam Inc, Ewing, NJ USA. OI Hewitt, Andrew/0000-0001-9210-7013 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1044-5110 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PD MAR-JUN PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2-3 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.1615/AtomizSpr.v13.i23.50 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 755LY UT WOS:000187405400005 ER PT J AU Griesbach, RJ Santamour, FS AF Griesbach, RJ Santamour, FS TI Anthocyanins in cones of Abies, Picea, Pinus, Pseudotsuga and Tsuga (Pinaceae) SO BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cyanidin; delphinidin; petunidin; peonidin; conifer AB The anthocyanin content of male and female cones of 27 species of Abies, Picea, Pinus, Pseudotsuga and Tsuga (Pinaceae) was determined. Only four anthocyanins were found: cyanidin 3-glucoside, delphinidin 3-glucoside, peonidin 3-glucoside and petunidin 3-glucoside. Cyanidin 3-glucoside was the major anthocyanin in most of the species analyzed. The methylated anthocyanins (peonidin 3-glucoside and petunidin 3-glucoside) were rare and found in low concentrations in half of the species analyzed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, USDA,BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Griesbach, RJ (reprint author), ARS, Floral & Nursery Plants Res Unit, US Natl Arboretum, USDA,BARC W, Bldg 010A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0305-1978 J9 BIOCHEM SYST ECOL JI Biochem. Syst. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 31 IS 3 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.1016/S0305-1978(02)00147-3 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 650PC UT WOS:000181271700003 ER PT J AU Kaluz, S Masan, P Moser, JC AF Kaluz, S Masan, P Moser, JC TI Morphology and ecology of Schizosthetus simulatrix (Acari, Mesostigmata) associated with galleries of bark beetles (Scolytidae) SO BIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Acari; Mesostigmata; Schizosthetus simulatrix; morphology; ecology; association; Scolytidae ID IPS-TYPOGRAPHUS AB The deutonymphal stage and adults of Schizosthetus simulatrix Athias-Henriot, 1982 (Acari, Mesostigmata, Parasitidae), originally known from Canary Islands and Portugal, has been illustrated and described or redescribed, respectively. The subadults of S. simulatrix have not previously been described. This very specialised subcorticolous species lives in galleries of xylophagous insects under bark of coniferous trees. This phoretic mite uses these various xylophages to distribute to new suitable habitats. Aside from the specimens from Slovakia presented in the paper, some phoretic deutonymphs of S. simulatrix (previously described from France, Germany and Sweden as Vulgarogamasus sp. in associations with scolytids) and S. lyriformis (McGraw et Farrier, 1969) have been reexamined. The differential diagnosis of the S. simulatrix deutonymph has been revised. C1 Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Zool, SK-84506 Bratislava, Slovakia. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Kaluz, S (reprint author), Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Zool, Dubravska Cesta 9, SK-84506 Bratislava, Slovakia. EM uzaekalu@savba.sk; uzaepema@savba.sk; jmoser@fs.fed.us NR 17 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU VERSITA PI WARSAW PA SOLIPSKA 14A-1, 02-482 WARSAW, POLAND SN 0006-3088 J9 BIOLOGIA JI Biologia PD MAR PY 2003 VL 58 IS 2 BP 165 EP 172 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 677LM UT WOS:000182809200008 ER PT J AU Williams, L Price, LD Manrique, V AF Williams, L Price, LD Manrique, V TI Toxicity of field-weathered insecticide residues to Anaphes iole (Hymenoptera : Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera : Miridae), and implications for inundative biological control in cotton SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Anaphes iole; Mymaridae; Lygus lineolaris; Miridae; inundative biological control; pesticides; residual toxicity; egg parasitoids ID HEMIPTERA; DEPOSITS; PLANTS AB Anaphes iole Girault is an egg parasitoid that has potential as an inundative biological control agent for the tarnished plant bug Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) in cotton in the midsouth USA. Our research addressed survival of A. iole wasps exposed to field-weathered residues of insecticides important to cotton production in the region. Our objectives were to identify insecticides with decay profiles that might be compatible with augmentative releases of A. iole in cotton. Survival of female wasps exposed to field-weathered residues on cotton leaves was determined at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 23, and 30 days after treatment with field rates of nine compounds. Immediately after treatment, residues of most insecticides (acephate, cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam,, spinosad, fipronil, and oxamyl) resulted in <3% survival. Indoxacarb was the exception with about 30% survival at this time. Survival of wasps exposed to oxamyl, imidacloprid, indoxacarb, and acephate increased considerably during the first week after treatment. Upper limits of 95% Cl values for ST50 estimates (days for 50% survival) were less than or equal to 5 days for these insecticides. Survivorship of wasps exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin and thiamethoxam was intermediate (95% CI values between 5 and I I days). Of the insecticides tested, residues of cyfluthrin, fipronil, and spinosad were most deleterious to A. iole (95% CI values > 11 days). Precipitation and wind speed during the study period were less than 30-year averages; thus, under typical weather conditions insecticides might decay more rapidly than observed in this study. Our results suggest that while most insecticides tested exhibited high acute toxicity to A. iole wasps, residues of several compounds decayed rapidly enough to show promise in an augmentative release program. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Williams, L (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Insect Management Res Unit, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2003 VL 26 IS 3 BP 217 EP 223 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(02)00157-3 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 661FN UT WOS:000181880700001 ER PT J AU Smith, L Story, JM AF Smith, L Story, JM TI Plant size preference of Agapeta zoegana L. (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae), a root-feeding biological control agent of spotted knapweed SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE biological control; herbivore; preference; spotted knapweed ID CENTAUREA-MACULOSA; DIFFUSE KNAPWEED; UNITED-STATES; COCHYLIDAE; GROWTH; ESTABLISHMENT; COMPETITION; TEPHRITIDAE; COMPOSITAE; HERBIVORY AB Agapeta zoegana L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is an oligophagous herbivore that was introduced to North America as a biological control agent of spotted knapweed, Centaurea stoebe L. subsp. micranthos (Gugler) Hayek (often called Centaurea maculosa Lam.). Spotted knapweed is a perennial plant that usually increases in size each year. A previous field study reported that more larvae were found on larger plants and that infested plants tended to be larger than uninfested ones. Precisely quantifying the size-specific attack rate can help us model the impact of this agent on the weed population and better understand the interspecific interactions to improve the effectiveness of biological control. Field data were analyzed to determine the relative preference of attack for each size class of the host plant. Plants were classified based on root diameter at 2 cm below the root crown. Although small plants (<3 mm. root diameter) were more abundant in the field population, the highest infestation rates occurred in large plants. Chesson's electivity index was generally positive for root diameters >3.5 mm, indicating preferential attack of large plants. Because of its host-size preference, A. zoegana is expected to primarily affect large plants, which is contrary to previous expectations. Quantifying the insect's direct impact is a difficult challenge, which may require several field seasons of measuring accumulated damage on individual plants. In order to complement the biological control agents already established, foreign exploration should focus on finding an agent that attacks young knapweed plants. These results also indicate that the efficiency of sampling roots in the field to detect the presence of A. zoegana can be improved by choosing only the largest plants. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Western Agr Res Ctr, Montana Agr Expt Stn, Corvallis, MT 59828 USA. RP Smith, L (reprint author), USDA, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 38 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2003 VL 26 IS 3 BP 270 EP 278 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(02)00169-X PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 661FN UT WOS:000181880700006 ER PT J AU Dorner, JW Cole, RJ Connick, WJ Daigle, DJ McGuire, MR Shasha, BS AF Dorner, JW Cole, RJ Connick, WJ Daigle, DJ McGuire, MR Shasha, BS TI Evaluation of biological control formulations to reduce aflatoxin contamination in peanuts SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Arachis hypogaea L.; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus; aflatoxin; biological control; formulation; peanut; groundnut; mycotoxin; rice; pesta; corn flour ID DROUGHT-STRESSED PEANUTS; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; PREHARVEST AFLATOXIN; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FIELD APPLICATION; CONTROL AGENTS; PARASITICUS; TEMPERATURE; BIOPESTICIDE; EXTRUSION AB A two-year study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of three formulations of nontoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus to reduce preharvest aflatoxin contamination of peanuts. Formulations included: (1) solid-state fermented rice; (2) fungal conidia encapsulated in an extrusion product termed Pesta; (3) conidia encapsulated in pregelatinized corn flour granules. Formulations were applied to peanut plots in 1996 and reapplied to the same plots in 1997 in a randomized design with four replications, including untreated controls. Analysis of soils for A. flavus and A. parasiticus showed that a large soil population of the nontoxigenic strains resulted from all formulations. In the first year, the percentage of kernels infected by wild-type A. flavus and A. parasiticus was significantly reduced in plots treated with rice and corn flour granules, but it was reduced only in the rice-treated plots in year two. There were no significant differences in total infection of kernels by all strains of A. flavus and A. parasiticus in either year. Aflatoxin concentrations in peanuts were significantly reduced in year two by all formulation treatments with an average reduction of 92%. Reductions were also noted for all formulation treatments in year one (average 86%), but they were not statistically significant because of wide variation in the aflatoxin concentrations in the untreated controls. Each of the formulations tested, therefore, was effective in delivering competitive levels of nontoxigenic strains of A. flavus and A. parasiticus to soil and in reducing subsequent aflatoxin contamination of peanuts. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. USDA ARS, Shafter, CA 93263 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Dorner, JW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Peanut Res Lab, POB 509,1011 Forrester Dr,SE, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. EM jdorner@nprl.usda.gov NR 37 TC 37 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD MAR PY 2003 VL 26 IS 3 BP 318 EP 324 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(02)00139-1 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 661FN UT WOS:000181880700012 ER PT J AU Kim, JG Song, JH Vallet, JL Rohrer, GA Johnson, GA Joyce, MM Christenson, RK AF Kim, JG Song, JH Vallet, JL Rohrer, GA Johnson, GA Joyce, MM Christenson, RK TI Molecular characterization and expression of porcine bone morphogenetic protein receptor-IB in the uterus of cyclic and pregnant gilts SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE female reproductive tract; gene regulation; kinases; polypeptide receptors; uterus ID OSTEOGENIC PROTEIN-1; OVULATION RATE; CORPORA-LUTEA; MESSENGER-RNA; II RECEPTOR; CELL-DEATH; GENE; SEQUENCE; MUTATION; CLONING AB Previous gene mapping analyses revealed a quantitative trait locus for uterine capacity on chromosome 8. Comparison of porcine and human genetic maps suggests that the bone morphogenetic protein receptor IB (BMPR-IB) gene may be located near this region. The objectives of this study were to 1) clone the full coding region for BMPR-IB, 2) examine BMPR-IB gene expression by the endometrium and its cellular localization in cyclic and pregnant gilts, and 3) map the BMPR-IB gene. By iterative screening of an expressed sequence tag library, we obtained a 3559-base pair cDNA clone including the full coding region of BMPR-IB. Endometrial BMPR-IB mRNA expression of White composite gilts was determined by Northern blotting in Days 10, 13, and 15 cyclic and Days 10, 13, 15, 20, 30, and 40 pregnant gilts. In cyclic gilts, endometrial BMPR-IB mRNA expression was elevated on Days 13 and 15 (P < 0.01) compared with Day 10. Expression of BMPR-IB mRNA was localized in both luminal and glandular epithelium on Day 15. However, in pregnant gilts, BMPR-IB mRNA expression was not significantly different in the endometrium from Day 10 to Day 20, and it was significantly decreased on Days 30 and 40 (P = 0.011). The BMPR-IB gene was mapped to 108 cM on chromosome 8. These findings show that RMPR-IB mRNA expression is regulated differently in cyclic and pregnant gilts; this pattern of gene expression may be important for endometrial function during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle as compared with early pregnancy. C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Vet & Anim Sci, Ctr Reprod Biol, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Christenson, RK (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,State Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 40 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 BP 735 EP 743 DI 10.1095/biolreprod.102.008433 PG 9 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 649MK UT WOS:000181212400004 PM 12604620 ER PT J AU Baek, JS Kim, HY Abbott, TP Moon, TW Lee, SB Park, CS Park, KH AF Baek, JS Kim, HY Abbott, TP Moon, TW Lee, SB Park, CS Park, KH TI Acarviosine-simmondsin, a novel compound obtained from acarviosine-glucose and simmondsin by Thermus maltogenic amylase and its in vivo effect on food intake and hyperglycemia SO BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Thermus maltogenic amylase; transglycosylation; acarviosine-simmondsin; acarbose; food intake ID ALPHA-AMYLASE; ACARBOSE; INHIBITION; MECHANISM; STRAIN; FAMILY; ENZYME AB Simmondsin was modified with acarviosine-glucose using the transglycosylation activity of Thermus maltogenic amylase to synthesize a novel compound with both antiobesity and hypoglycemic activity. The LC/MS and C-13 NMR analyses confirmed that the structure of the major transglycosylation product was acarviosine-simmondsin (Acv-simmondsin), in which acarviosine was attached to the glucose moiety of simmondsin by an alpha-(1,6)-glycosidic linkage. It was found that Acv-simmondsin was a potent competitive inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase with the K-i value of 0.69 muM and a mixed type inhibitor of alpha-amylase with the K-i and K-I of 20.78 muM and 26.31 muM, respectively. The administration of Acv-simmondsin (0.1 g/100 g diet/day) to mice for 5 days significantly reduced food intake by 35%, compared to 25% with simmondsin in control obese mice. Acv-simmondsin (50 mg/kg BW) suppressed the postprandial blood glucose response to sucrose (1 g/kg BW) by 74%, compared to 71% with acarbose, in normal rats. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Natl Lab Funct Food Carbohydrates, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Suwon 441744, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Suwon 441744, South Korea. Korea Food Res Inst, Food Chem & Biotechnol Div, Sungnam 463420, South Korea. USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Yonsei Univ, Dept Food & Nutr, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Kyunghee Univ, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Yongin 449701, South Korea. RP Park, CS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Natl Lab Funct Food Carbohydrates, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Suwon 441744, South Korea. EM cspark@khu.ac.kr; parkkh@plaza.snu.ac.kr NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0916-8451 EI 1347-6947 J9 BIOSCI BIOTECH BIOCH JI Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 3 BP 532 EP 539 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 666MU UT WOS:000182181700010 PM 12723600 ER PT J AU Somkuti, GA Steinberg, DH AF Somkuti, GA Steinberg, DH TI Pediocin production by recombinant lactic acid bacteria SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE lactic acid bacteria; pediocin production; Streptococcus thermophilus ID STREPTOCOCCUS-THERMOPHILUS; PEDIOCOCCUS-ACIDILACTICI; GROWTH-CONDITIONS; FERMENTATION BACTERIA; PURIFICATION; PRESERVATION; WHEY AB Production of the anti-listerial bacteriocin, pediocin, by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) transformed with the cloning vector pPC418 (Ped(+), 9.1 kb) was influenced by composition of media and incubation temperature. Maximum pediocin production, tested against Listeria innocua, by electrotransformants of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis was measured in tryptone/lactose/yeast extract medium after 24 h growth at 30 degreesC, while incubation at 40 degreesC was optimum for Ped(+) transformants of Streptococcus thermophilus and Enterococcus faecalis. The amount of pediocin produced by S. thermophilus in skim milk and cheese whey supplemented with 0.5% yeast extract was estimated as 51 000 units ml(-1) and 25 000 units ml(-1), respectively. Pediocin production remained essentially unchanged in reconstituted skim milk or whey media diluted up to 10-fold. The results demonstrate the capacity of recombinant strains of LAB to produce pediocin in a variety of growth media including skim milk and inexpensive cheese whey-based media, requiring minimum nutritional supplementation. C1 ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Somkuti, GA (reprint author), ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 21 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 25 IS 6 BP 473 EP 477 DI 10.1023/A:1022652028835 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 652TC UT WOS:000181394900007 PM 12882274 ER PT J AU Meerow, AW Lehmiller, DJ Clayton, JR AF Meerow, AW Lehmiller, DJ Clayton, JR TI Phylogeny and biogeography of Crinum L. (Amaryllidaceae) inferred from nuclear and limited plastid non-coding DNA sequences SO BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE molecular systematics; Africa; geophytes; dispersal; cladistics; monocotyledons ID CHLOROPLAST-DNA; CLADISTIC-ANALYSIS; UNIVERSAL PRIMERS; SOUTHERN-AFRICA; EVOLUTION; MORPHOLOGY; SYSTEMATICS; RBCL; AMPLIFICATION; INCONGRUENCE AB The genus Crinum L. is the only pantropical genus of the Amaryllidaceae. Phylogenetic and biogeographical analyses of nrDNA ITS and plastid trnL-F sequences for all continental groups of the genus Crinum and related African genera are presented, with the genus Amaryllis used as outgroup. ITS indicates that C. baumii is more closely related to Ammocharis and Cybistetes than to Crinum sensu stricto. Three clades are resolved in Crinum s.s. One unites a monophyletic American group with tropical and North African species. The second includes all southern African species and the Australian endemic C. flaccidum. The third includes monophyletic Madagascar, Australasian and Sino-Himalayan clades, with southern African species. The trnL-F phylogeny resolves an American and an Asian/Madagscar clade, and confirms the relationship of C. flaccidum with species endemic to southern Africa. The salverform, actinomorphic perianths of subg. Crinum appear to have evolved several times in the genus from ancestors with zygomorphic perianths (subg. Codonocrinum), thus neither subgenus is monophyletic. Biogeographical analyses place the origin of Crinum in southern Africa, as the region is optimized at all ancestral nodes in the tree topology, and in basal interior nodes of all but one of the major clades. The genus underwent three major waves of radiation corresponding to the three main clades resolved in our trees. Two entries into Australia for the genus are indicated, as are separate Sino-Himalayan and Australasian dispersal events. (C) 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 141, 349-363. C1 USDA ARS, SHRS, Natl Germplasm Repository, Miami, FL 33156 USA. Fairchild Trop Garden, Miami, FL 33158 USA. RP Meerow, AW (reprint author), USDA ARS, SHRS, Natl Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Rd, Miami, FL 33156 USA. EM miaam@ars-grin.gov NR 75 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0024-4074 J9 BOT J LINN SOC JI Bot. J. Linnean Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 141 IS 3 BP 349 EP 363 DI 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.00142.x PG 15 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 659NZ UT WOS:000181784600003 ER PT J AU de Groot, P Poland, TM AF de Groot, P Poland, TM TI Attraction of Hylastes opacus (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) to nonanal SO CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID BARK BEETLE; ETHANOL C1 Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forestry Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP de Groot, P (reprint author), Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forestry Serv, Great Lakes Forestry Ctr, 1219 Queen St E, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENTOMOL SOC CANADA PI OTTAWA PA 393 WINSTON AVE, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K2A 1Y8, CANADA SN 0008-347X J9 CAN ENTOMOL JI Can. Entomol. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 135 IS 2 BP 309 EP 311 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 663TJ UT WOS:000182021700006 ER PT J AU Mohanty, S Langley, S AF Mohanty, S Langley, S TI Effects of various policy regimes in the integration of North American grain markets SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS-REVUE CANADIENNE D AGROECONOMIE LA English DT Article ID WHEAT PRICES; COINTEGRATION; TIME; LAW AB This paper examines the integration between U.S. and Canadian grain prices using cointegration and error correction approach. Price relationships are examined in four different subperiods: pre-NAFTA (January 1986 to December 1993), post-NAFTA (January 1994 to July 1999), pre-WGTA (January 1986 to July 1995) and post-WGTA (August 1995 to July 1999). A free trade agreement implemented in 1989 that later folded into NAFTA affected price integration in the North American grain market, but Canada's elimination of freight subsidies in 1995 strengthened it. Empirical results indicate that long-term relationships exist among the price series. Prices are found to be first-difference stationary and cointegrated during the four subperiods. However, cointegration analysis shows significant post-WGTA improvement in market integration, particularly in the speed at which the market adjusts to departures from its long-run equilibrium. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Mohanty, S (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU CANADIAN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS SOCIETY PI OTTAWA PA 141 LAURIER AVE WEST, SUITE 1112, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5J3, CANADA SN 0008-3976 J9 CAN J AGR ECON JI Can. J. Agric. Econ.-Rev. Can. Agroecon. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 51 IS 1 BP 109 EP 120 DI 10.1111/j.1744-7976.2003.tb00168.x PG 12 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Economics SC Agriculture; Business & Economics GA 692NP UT WOS:000183667400008 ER PT J AU Thacker, PA Rossnagel, BG Raboy, V AF Thacker, PA Rossnagel, BG Raboy, V TI Phosphorus digestibility in low-phytate barley fed to finishing pigs SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE swine; barley; phosphorus; digestibility; phytate ID PHYTIC ACID BARLEY; BONE MINERALIZATION; HULLESS BARLEY; BROILER CHICKS; CORN; PERFORMANCE; DIETS AB Twenty-four crossbred barrows (Camborough 15 Line female x Canabred sire) weighing an average of 51.3 +/- 5.1 kg were used in a trial conducted during two periods according to a completely randomized block design. The pigs were assigned to one of six dietary treatments comprised of a normal two-rowed, hulled variety of barley (CDC Bold) or three low-phytate genotypes selected to contain approximately 68, 41 or 3% of the normal level of phytate. A normal hulless barley (CDC Dawn) and a hulless genotype selected to contain 54% of the normal phytate content were also included. The diets fed contained 99.5% barley and 0.5% chromic oxide. The marked feed was provided for a 7-d acclimatization period, followed by a 3-d fecal collection. At the conclusion of the first replicate, the pigs were assigned to different treatments and the procedure was repeated resulting in eight observations per treatment. Selection for phytate content had no effects on the apparent fecal digestibility of dry matter, crude protein or gross energy (P > 0.05). The digestibility coefficients for dry matter and energy were significantly higher for the hulless varieties of barley than the hulled genotypes. Phosphorus digestibility increased as the level of phytate in the barley declined. The linear relationship relating phosphorus digestibility (y) to phytate content (x) was: y = 67.7 - 12.54x (r(2) = 0.64; P < 0.0001). Increasing the availability of the phosphorus in barley would allow less inorganic phosphorus to be required in order to meet the nutritional requirements of swine. Since inorganic phosphorus sources tend to be expensive, a reduction in their use would lower ration costs. In addition, increased availability of organic phosphorus would reduce the amount of phosphorus excreted thus reducing the amount of phosphorus that can potentially pollute the environment. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. Univ Saskatchewan, Ctr Crop Dev, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. USDA ARS, Idaho Falls, ID 83210 USA. RP Thacker, PA (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, 51 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AGRICULTURAL INST CANADA PI OTTAWA PA STE 1112, 141 LAURIER AVE WEST, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5J3, CANADA SN 0008-3984 J9 CAN J ANIM SCI JI Can. J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 83 IS 1 BP 101 EP 104 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 675XW UT WOS:000182723700013 ER PT J AU Moctezuma, E AF Moctezuma, E TI The peanut gynophore: a developmental and physiological perspective SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE BOTANIQUE LA English DT Review DE Arachis hypogaea; geocarpy; gravitropism; gynophore; indole-3-acetic acid (IAA); peanut ID ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA L.; GRAVIRESPONDING GYNOPHORES; PLANT; GROWTH AB The peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea L.) produces flowers aerially, but it is able to "sow" its own seeds as a result of the growth of a specialized organ called the gynophore. The peanut gynophore is sensitive to light, touch, and gravity, and it is capable of transporting the recently fertilized ovules into the soil. For gynophore growth to occur, many physiological changes in plant hormone accumulation and distribution take place throughout its development. The unique characteristics and physiological events occurring during the gynophore's growth and development, such as its growth rates and indole-3-acetic acid redistribution during gravistimulation, will be reviewed. The peanut gynophore illustrates that the study of the odd or unusual can often provide valuable answers about the typical. C1 USDA, Prod Qual & Safety Lab, Agr Res Stn, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Moctezuma, E (reprint author), 10405A 46th Ave,304, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM edgar_moctezuma68@yahoo.com NR 29 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4026 J9 CAN J BOT JI Can. J. Bot.-Rev. Can. Bot. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 81 IS 3 BP 183 EP 190 DI 10.1139/B03-024 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 672TX UT WOS:000182539900001 ER PT J AU Allan, JD Wipfli, MS Caouette, JP Prussian, A Rodgers, J AF Allan, JD Wipfli, MS Caouette, JP Prussian, A Rodgers, J TI Influence of streamside vegetation on inputs of terrestrial invertebrates to salmonid food webs SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; HEADWATER STREAMS; RIPARIAN FORESTS; COHO SALMON; DRY MASS; TROUT; USA; MACROINVERTEBRATES; PRODUCTIVITY; NITROGEN AB Salmonid food webs receive important energy subsidies via terrestrial in-fall, downstream transport, and spawning migrations. We examined the contribution of terrestrially derived invertebrates (TI) to juvenile coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in streams of southeastern Alaska by diet analysis and sampling of TI inputs in 12 streams of contrasting riparian vegetation. Juvenile coho ingested 12.1 mg.fish(-1) of invertebrate mass averaged across all sites; no significant differences associated with location (plant or forest type) were detected, possibly because prey are well mixed by wind and water dispersal. Terrestrial and aquatic prey composed approximately equal fractions of prey ingested. Surface inputs were estimated at similar to80 mg.m(-2).day(-1), primarily TI. Direct sampling of invertebrates from the stems of six plant species demonstrated differences in invertebrate taxa occupying different plant species and much lower TI biomass per stem for conifers compared with overstory and understory deciduous plants. Traps placed under red alder (Alnus rubra) and conifer (mix of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)) canopies consistently captured higher biomass of TI under the former. Management of riparian vegetation is likely to influence the food supply of juvenile coho and the productivity of stream food webs. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, USDA, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Alaska Reg, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Forest Serv, Thorne Bay Ranger Dist, USDA, Thorne Bay, AK 99919 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Biol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Allan, JD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 36 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 5 U2 37 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 60 IS 3 BP 309 EP 320 DI 10.1139/F03-019 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 682RW UT WOS:000183107000008 ER PT J AU Stage, A AF Stage, A TI How forest models are connected to reality: evaluation criteria for their use in decision support SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Editorial Material ID GROWTH-MODEL; SILVICULTURAL TREATMENTS; ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; GAS-EXCHANGE; STAND; PREDICTION; RESPONSES; YIELD; PINE AB Choice of a model for exploring forest management options depends on the decision space defined by the actions, indicators, ecosystem scope, and cybernetic context of the decisions. To be useful in a particular decision context, candidate models must include all relevant hypotheses of effects of the actions on the indicators in a spatial and temporal structure appropriate for the particular decision. The architecture of a suitable model is implied or constrained by these components of the decision space. A set of attributes for assessing a model's suitability for decision support is proposed. In addition to a firm foundation in science, decision support models should provide predictions with quantified bias and precision, and without artifacts that influence choice of management alternatives. Descriptions of information flow across levels of integration within and between models and between models and field observations should be included in model descriptions. Schematic diagrams of these flows illustrate several broad classes of how modelling systems may be linked to reality to improve their utility. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. RP Stage, A (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 1221 St Main St, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. NR 65 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 33 IS 3 BP 410 EP 421 DI 10.1139/X02-203 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 663NB UT WOS:000182010700004 ER PT J AU Desjardins, AE Plattner, RD AF Desjardins, AE Plattner, RD TI Diverse traits for pathogen fitness in Gibberella zeae SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Canadian-Phytopathological-Society CY JUN, 2002 CL WATERTON LAKES NATL PK, CANADA SP Canadian Phytopathol Soc DE Fusarium graminearum; wheat; head blight; trichothecenes; mating-type genes; population genetics ID FUSARIUM-GRAMINEARUM; HEAD BLIGHT; TRICHOTHECENE 3-O-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; REDUCED VIRULENCE; WHEAT; GENE; MYCOTOXINS; EXPRESSION; TRI101; SPOROTRICHIOIDES AB Gibberella zeae is an important pathogen of wheat, maize, and other cereal crops worldwide. Pathogen fitness in G. zeae is the outcome of selection for traits that increase its ability to survive and reproduce in plant pathosystems. Current research on mechanisms of pathogen fitness uses tools such as production of specific mutations by targeted gene disruption and analysis of genetic variation in natural populations. Gene disruption experiments indicate that production of the trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON) enhances virulence on wheat and maize, and that production of sexual spores enhances head blight on wheat under field conditions. Natural populations from the U.S.A. and from Nepal differ significantly in virulence on wheat, sexual fertility, and trichothecene chemotype. Strains from both populations can produce DON, but only strains from Nepal can also produce nivalenol, which differs from DON by the addition of a hydroxyl group. Genetic analyses are underway to investigate associations of pathogen fitness of G. zeae with strain genotype, trichothecene chemotype, and other traits. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Desjardins, AE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 25 IS 1 BP 21 EP 27 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 731VM UT WOS:000185907200003 ER PT J AU Abou-Jawdah, Y Dakhil, H El-Mehtar, S Lee, IM AF Abou-Jawdah, Y Dakhil, H El-Mehtar, S Lee, IM TI Almond witches'-broom phytoplasma: a potential threat to almond, peach, and nectarine SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE phytoplasma; almond witche's-broom; almond; stone fruits; Prunus spp.; PCR detection ID FRUIT-TREES; CLASSIFICATION; ORGANISMS; DISEASES AB A lethal phytoplasma disease of almond, almond witches'-broom (AlmWB), spread rapidly in Lebanon, killing about a hundred thousand trees within 10 years. This phytoplasma was the first member of the pigeon pea group reported to infect stone fruits. Preliminary results of grafting experiments proved that AlmWB could be transmitted by grafting to almond, peach, and nectarine but not to apricot, plum, and cherry. The occurrence of this disease at altitudes ranging from sea level to about 1000 in makes it a major potential threat to almond, nectarine, and peach in the major stone fruit production areas. Using universal primers, nested polymerase chain reaction is normally required for detection; however, the new primers described here allow efficient detection from the first run of polymerase chain reaction. C1 USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Amer Univ Beirut, Fac Agr & Food Sci, Beirut, Lebanon. RP Abou-Jawdah, Y (reprint author), USDA, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Inst Plant Sci, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Abou Jawdah, Yusuf/0000-0003-4673-5822 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-0661 J9 CAN J PLANT PATHOL JI Can. J. Plant Pathol.-Rev. Can. Phytopathol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 25 IS 1 BP 28 EP 32 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 731VM UT WOS:000185907200004 ER PT J AU Ji, Y Seetharaman, K Wong, K Pollak, LM Duvick, S Jane, J White, PJ AF Ji, Y Seetharaman, K Wong, K Pollak, LM Duvick, S Jane, J White, PJ TI Thermal and structural properties of unusual starches from developmental corn lines SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE maize starch; corn starch; starch structure; starch function; starch thermal properties; starch granules; starch molecular weight; starch branch-chain-length ID BRANCH CHAIN-LENGTH; AMYLOSE-CONTENT; MAIZE STARCH; AMYLOPECTIN; GELATINIZATION; BEHAVIOR; SIZE AB Starches from exotic corn lines were screened by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to find thermal properties that were significantly different from those exhibited by starches from normal Corn Belt lines. Two independent gelatinization transitions, one corresponding to the melting of a peak at similar to66 degreesC and the other to a peak melting at similar to69 degreesC, were found in some starches. The melting characteristics were traced to two separate types of granules within the endosperm. Strong correlations were found between DSC properties and proportion of large granules with equivalent diameter. greater than or equal to 17 mum. Starches with a lower peak onset gelatinization temperature (T-oG), had a lower normalized concentration of chains with a degree of polymerization (dp) of 15-24 and/or a greater normalized concentration of chains with a dp of 6-12. These studies will aid in understanding structure-thermal property. relationships of starches, and in identifying corn lines of interest for commercial breeding. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Food Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP White, PJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, 2312 Food Sci Bldg, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD MAR 1 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 4 BP 439 EP 450 AR PII S0144-8617(02)00216-3 DI 10.1016/S0144-8617(02)00216-3 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 639MH UT WOS:000180632600009 ER PT J AU Singh, V Johnston, DB Moreau, RA Hicks, KB Dien, BS Bothast, RJ AF Singh, V Johnston, DB Moreau, RA Hicks, KB Dien, BS Bothast, RJ TI Pretreatment of wet-milled corn fiber to improve recovery of corn fiber oil and phytosterols SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The phytosterol-containing oil in the corn fiber (corn fiber oil) has potential use as a natural low-density lipoprotein (LDL) lowering nutraceutical but its low concentration (1-3%) makes it difficult and expensive to extract. Pretreatment of corn fiber with dilute acid or glucosidases removed nonlipid components of fiber, producing oil-enriched fractions that should be more amenable to efficient and inexpensive oil extraction. Acid, as well as enzymes, significantly increased the content of corn fiber oil and its phytosterol compounds by hydrolyzing (and removing) the starch and nonstarch (cell wall) polysaccharides from the wet-milled corn fiber. Dual treatment of the fiber with acid and enzyme greatly increased the concentrations of corn fiber oil and its phytosterol components, compared with acid or enzyme treatments alone. Depending on the treatment, the oil concentration in the residual solids increased from 0.3 to 10.8% (21-771% increase in cone.) and the total phytosterol concentration increased from 19.8 to 1256.2 mg/g of fiber (11-710% increase in conc.) compared with untreated fiber. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322; Dien, Bruce/0000-0003-3863-6664 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2 BP 118 EP 122 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.2.118 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 655PB UT WOS:000181560300002 ER PT J AU Singh, V Moreau, RA AF Singh, V Moreau, RA TI Enrichment of oil in corn fiber by size reduction and floatation of aleurone cells SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2 BP 123 EP 125 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.2.123 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 655PB UT WOS:000181560300003 ER PT J AU Singh, V Moreau, RA Hicks, KB AF Singh, V Moreau, RA Hicks, KB TI Yield and phytosterol composition of oil extracted from grain sorghum and its wet-milled fractions SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FIBER; TEMPERATURE; RECOVERY; GERM; WAX AB Corn fiber contains an oil with high levels of three potential cholesterol-lowering phytosterol compounds. Little information is available about the levels and types of phytosterols in sorghum. In this study, phytosterols were evaluated in grain sorhgum and its wet-milled fractions and were compared with the phytosterols in corn. The study showed that sorghum kernels can provide a significant source of two phytosterol classes, free phytosterols (St) and fatty acyl phytosterol esters (St:E). Most of these phytosterols are concentrated in the wet-milled fiber fraction followed by the germ fraction. In addition to phytosterols, other lipid classes such as wax esters and an aldehyde (50% C28 and 50% C30) are also present in the sorghum oil. Comparison of sorghum and corn kernels show that corn has 72-93% more phytosterols than sorghum. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Singh, V (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. OI Moreau, Robert/0000-0002-8166-8322 NR 14 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2 BP 126 EP 129 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.2.126 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 655PB UT WOS:000181560300004 ER PT J AU Anderson, JV Morris, CF AF Anderson, JV Morris, CF TI Purification and analysis of wheat grain polyphenol oxidase (PPO) protein SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BROAD BEAN POLYPHENOLOXIDASE; SODIUM DODECYL-SULFATE; WHOLE-SEED ASSAY; MOLECULAR-CLONING; NOODLE COLOR; EXPRESSION; POTATO; ELECTROPHORESIS; ACTIVATION; CULTIVARS AB Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs have used various whole kernel assays to estimate polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, thereby identifying germplasm that has a greater chance of producing consumer products with superior color. However, the enzymes involved in these assays are poorly understood and the purification and characterization of a wheat kernel PPO protein has not been reported previously. A PPO from wheat bran was purified using ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion and size-exclusion chromatography, and continuous elution electrophoresis. The purified protein migrated at 67 kDa on SDS-PAGE under denaturing and reducing conditions, exhibited PPO activity in the presence of SDS, and eluted at 45 kDa on SDS-PAGE under nondenaturing and nonreducing conditions. N-terminal sequence analysis of peptide fragments obtained from tryptic digests confirmed the purified wheat bran protein as a PPO. This wheat PPO protein showed the greatest sequence identity to grape (Vitis vinifera) and pineapple (Ananas comosus) PPO. The purified wheat PPO shares no more sequence identity with the deduced amino acid sequence of a previously isolated partial wheat PPO sequence than it does to PPO from other plant taxa widely divergent from wheat. Based on immunoblot analysis, purified PPO from wheat bran appears to be a processed, mature form lacking an estimated 14-16 kDa transit peptide required for plastid localization. C1 Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, State Univ Stn, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Morris, CF (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Western Wheat Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM morrisc@wsu.edu OI Anderson, James/0000-0002-1801-5767 NR 38 TC 24 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 11 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.2.135 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 655PB UT WOS:000181560300007 ER PT J AU Biely, P Ahlgren, JA Leathers, TD Greene, RV Cotta, MA AF Biely, P Ahlgren, JA Leathers, TD Greene, RV Cotta, MA TI Aryl-glycosidase activities in germinating maize SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CORN FIBER; GIBBERELLIC-ACID; ALEURONE LAYERS; CELL-WALLS; BARLEY; ENZYMES; ENDOHYDROLASES; ENDOGLUCANASES; PURIFICATION; ENDOXYLANASE AB Soluble protein extracts of germinating maize seedlings exhibited a limited ability to hydrolyze purified xylans, and specific assays were unable to confirm the presence of endo-beta-1,4-xylanase activity. However, extracts contained a variety of aryl-glycosidase activities, including beta-glucosidase, beta-xylosidase, and alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase. These activities peaked in three- to four-day seedlings and were particularly concentrated in shoot and root tissues. Maximal levels of beta-glucosidase were two orders of magnitude greater than those of beta-xylosidase or alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase. Isoelectric focusing gels revealed multiple forms of these enzymes. The principal beta-glucosidase and alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase protein species were clustered at beta 4.8-4.9 and beta 5.8-6.0, respectively. beta-Xylosidase activity appeared to be associated with both of these enzymes, and no evidence was obtained for a distinct beta-xylosidase. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. USDA, Off Int Programs, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Leathers, TD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Fermentat Biotechnol Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM leathetd@ncaur.usda.gov OI Cotta, Michael/0000-0003-4565-7754 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2 BP 144 EP 147 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.2.144 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 655PB UT WOS:000181560300008 ER PT J AU Garzon, GA Gaines, CS Mohamed, A Palmquist, DE AF Garzon, GA Gaines, CS Mohamed, A Palmquist, DE TI Effect of oil content and pH on the physicochemical properties of corn starch-soybean oil composites SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENZYME-RESISTANT STARCH; JET-COOKING; AMYLOSE; DISPERSIONS; VISCOSITY; LIPIDS; FILMS; GELS AB Starch-lipid composites are a new category of fat replacers. The physicochemical properties of reconstituted corn starch and soybean oil composites (CSSBOC) were evaluated and compared with the properties of reconstituted jet-cooked corn starch (JCCS). Gel firmness, thermal properties, and hot pasting properties at two pH levels and two oil content levels were studied. Amylose content of CSSBOC was unaffected by processing. Buffer pH significantly affected the firmness of the gels made with JCCS. Gels appeared to have a more ordered structure and were firmer at pH 3.4 than at pH 6.0. The firmness of gets made with CSSBOC was not affected by pH or oil content. Retrogradation enthalpy of the gels made with JCCS was significantly affected by pH. Differences in the thermal characteristics of gels made with CSSBOC were attributed to pH and oil content. Peak viscosity, cold paste viscosity, and breakdown viscosity changed significantly when CSSBOC pastes were reconstituted in different pH buffers. Only hot paste viscosity and cold paste viscosity changed significantly when JCCS pastes were reconstituted in different pH buffers. Results establish critical parameters for processing decisions and for the understanding of the behavior of CSSBOC in food system models in which pH is an important factor. C1 USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gaines, CS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2 BP 154 EP 158 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.2.154 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 655PB UT WOS:000181560300010 ER PT J AU Bechtel, DB Wilson, JD AF Bechtel, DB Wilson, JD TI Amyloplast formation and starch granule development in hard red winter wheat SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ENDOSPERM DEVELOPMENT; SIZE-DISTRIBUTION; FREEZE-FRACTURE; PROTEIN; DIVISION; FLOUR AB Plastids in the coenocytic endosperm of young wheat caryopses were mostly in the form of pleomorphic proplastids with a few of the plastids containing small starch granules. Following cellularization of the coenocytic cytoplasm, the outer one or two endosperm cell layers became meristematic and continued to divide until about 14 days after flowering (DAF). During the first week of endosperm development, newly divided cells had plastids that were pleomorphic in shape, while subaleurone cells interior to the meristernatic region contained amyloplasts that contained a single-size class of starch granules (incipient A-type starch granules). The pleomorphic plastids exhibited tubular protrusions that extended a considerable distance through the cytoplasm. Amyloplasts in cells interior to the meristernatic region did not exhibit protrusions. Both subaleurone and central endosperm cells had amyloplasts that exhibited protrusions at 10-12 DAF, and some of the protrusions contained small starch granules (incipient B-type starch granules). Protrusions were not observed in endosperm amyloplasts at 14 DAR Two sizes of starch, large A-type and smaller B-type granules were present within the cells, however. Amyloplast protrusions were numerous again at 17 DAF in both subaleurone and central endosperm cells; at 21 DAF, a third size class of small C-type starch granules was observed in the cytoplasm. Amyloplasts in the endosperm of wheat apparently divided and increased in number through protrusions because binary fission typical of plastid division was never observed. Protrusions were observed in the coenocytic cytoplasm, in dividing cells, in subaleurone and central endosperm cells at 10-12 DAF, and in subaleurone and central endosperm cells at 17 DAR The results suggest that there are three sizes of starch granules produced at specific times during wheat endosperm development. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Bechtel, DB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, US Grain Mkt Res Lab, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 34 TC 56 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.2.175 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 655PB UT WOS:000181560300014 ER PT J AU Ram, MS Dowell, FE Seitz, LM AF Ram, MS Dowell, FE Seitz, LM TI FT-Raman spectra of unsoaked and NaOH-soaked wheat kernels, bran, and ferulic acid SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COLOR CLASSIFICATION; PHENOLIC-ACIDS; MAIZE STARCH; SPECTROSCOPY; GRAIN; RYE; ARABINOXYLANS; CONSTITUENTS; PENTOSANS; FRACTIONS AB The sodium hydroxide (NaOH) test for determining wheat color class depends on the observation that on soaking in NaOH, red wheat turns a darker red and white wheat turns straw yellow. To understand the mechanism of this test, Raman spectra of wheat bran, wheat starch, ferulic acid, and whole kernels of wheat, before and after NaOH soak, were studied. The major observable components in the whole kernel were that of starch, protein, and ferulic acid, perhaps esterified to arabinoxylan and sterols. When kernels are soaked in NaOH, spectral bands due to ferulic acid shift to lower energy and show a slightly reduced intensity that is consistent with deprotonation of the phenolic group and extraction of a portion of the ferulic acid into solution. Other phenolic acids, alkyl resorcinols, and flavonoids observed in the NaOH extracts of wheat by HPLC were not observed in the Raman spectra. Wheat bran accounts for most of the ferulic acid in the whole kernel, as indicated by the increased intensity of the doublet at 1,631 and 1,600 cm(-1) in the bran. The intense starch band at 480 cm(-1) in whole kernel wheat was nearly absent in the wheat bran. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mrk & Prod Res Ctr, Engn Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. USDA ARS, Grain Mrk & Prod Res Ctr, Grain Qual & Struct Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Ram, MS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mrk & Prod Res Ctr, Engn Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2 BP 188 EP 192 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.2.188 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 655PB UT WOS:000181560300016 ER PT J AU Robertson, GH Cao, TK AF Robertson, GH Cao, TK TI Effect of processing on functional properties of wheat gluten prepared by cold-ethanol displacement of starch SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENT MOISTURE CONTENTS; WATER DISPLACEMENT; FLOUR; SEPARATION; RESPONSES; BAKING AB Functional properties of gluten prepared from wheat flour are altered by separation and drying. Gluten was separated and concentrated by batterlike laboratory methods: development with water, dispersion of the batter with the displacing fluid, and screening to collect the gluten. Two displacing fluids were applied, water or cold ethanol (70% vol or greater, -13degreesC). Both the water-displaced gluten (W-gluten) and ethanol-displaced-gluten (CE-gluten) were freeze-dried at -20degreesC as a reference. Samples were dried at temperatures up to 100degreesC using a laboratory, fluidized-bed drier. Tests of functionality included 1) mixing in a mixograph, 2) mixing in a farinograph, and 3) the baked gluten ball test. Dough-mixing functionality was assessed for Moro flour (9.2% protein) that was fortified up to 16% total protein with dried gluten. In the mixograph, CE-gluten (70degreesC) produced improved dough performance but W-gluten (70degreesC) degraded dough performance in proportion to the amount added in fortification. In the microfarinograph, there was a desirable and protein-proportional increase in stability time for CE-gluten (70degreesC) but no effect on stability for W-gluten (70degreesC). Baking was evaluated using the baked gluten ball test and the percentage increase in the baked ball volume relative to the unbaked gluten volume (PIBV). PIBV values were as high as 1,310% for freeze-dried CE-gluten and as low as 620% for W-gluten dried at 70degreesC. PIBV for CE-gluten was reduced to 77% of the freeze-dried control by fluid-bed drying at 70degreesC. Exposure of CE-gluten to 100degreesC air gave a PIBV that was 59% of the reference, but this expansion was still greater than that of W-gluten dried at 70degreesC. The highest values of PIBV occurred at the same mixing times as the peak mixograph resistance. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Robertson, GH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Bioprod Chem & Engn Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2 BP 212 EP 217 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.2.212 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 655PB UT WOS:000181560300020 ER PT J AU Hareland, GA AF Hareland, GA TI Effects of pearling on falling number and alpha-amylase activity of preharvest sprouted spring wheat SO CEREAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WINTER-WHEAT AB Preharvest sprouted wheat is often characterized by the falling number (FN) test. IN decreases in preharvest sprouted wheat as enzymatic degradation of the starchy endosperm increases. Wheat with FN values <250-275 is often discounted at the time of sale. The intent of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of debranning or pearling on the flour quality traits of five samples of wheat rated as low, med-low, medium, med-high, and sound that exhibited a range in FN values of 62-425 sec. Replicates of each sample were pearled for 30, 60, and 120 sec to remove portions of the outer bran layers before milling. FN was highly correlated with alpha-amylase activity (r > -0.97) in the med-low, medium, and med-high FN sample sets as pearling time increased. FN increased in the med-low, medium, and med-high IN samples by 128, 123, and 80%, respectively, after 120 sec of pearling. Pearling had no effect on flour FN of the low IN sample but cc-amylase activity was significantly decreased. Pearling had little or no effect on FN and alpha-amylase activity of the sound sample. FN was moderately to strongly correlated with Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA), alveograph, and farinograph properties, and poorly correlated with protein content, flour yield, and bread loaf volume. In subsequent breadmaking studies, bread loaf volume, and crumb characteristics of flour from pearled wheat were not significantly different from loaf volume and crumb characteristics of flour from the corresponding nonpearled wheat. C1 N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Red Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Hareland, GA (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, USDA ARS, Hard Red Spring & Durum Wheat Qual Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC CEREAL CHEMISTS PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0009-0352 J9 CEREAL CHEM JI Cereal Chem. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2 BP 232 EP 237 DI 10.1094/CCHEM.2003.80.2.232 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 655PB UT WOS:000181560300023 ER PT J AU Kahlon, TS Woodruff, CL AF Kahlon, TS Woodruff, CL TI In vitro binding of bile acids by ready-to-eat breakfast cereals SO CEREAL FOODS WORLD LA English DT Article ID WHEAT BRAN; OAT; RICE; CHOLESTEROL; SALTS; CORN; RAT AB The in vitro bile acid binding capacities of 15 ready-to-eat (RTE) breakfast cereals obtained from a local supermarket were evaluated to determine their health-promoting potential for lowering cholesterol. The RTE cereals were wheat bran extruded (WbE), wheat shredded (WSh), wheat barley flakes (WBF), wheat bran flakes (WbF), wheat barley nuggets (WBN), wheat brown rice flakes (WRF), oat bran extruded (ObE), oats toasted (OT), oats extruded (OE), rice flakes (RF), rice extruded (RE), rice puffed (RP), rice toasted (RT), corn extruded (CE), and corn flakes (CF). The relative in vitro bile acid binding capacity on an equal weight, dry matter basis, considering cholestyramine as 100% bound, for the RTE cereals evaluated ranged from 2% for CF to 13% for WbE. Relative bile acid binding values for wheat-containing cereals were 6% or higher, except for WRF, for which values were only 3%. Relative bile acid binding for oat-containing cereals ranged from 8 to 10%. Values for rice-containing cereals ranged from 2 to 4% and were approximately 2% for corn-containing cereals. Mean relative bile acid binding values for single-grain wheat, oat, rice, and corn cereals were 9.4, 8.6, 18, and 2.1%, respectively. Among the 15 RTE cereals tested, wheat cereals had the highest bile acid binding effect. This effect may facilitate the detoxification of metabolites, which may be a factor in reducing cancer risk. Desirable bile acid binding by wheat and oat cereals may be related to their cholesterol-lowering potential and, thus, to a reduced risk of atherosclerosis and cancer. C1 USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RP Kahlon, TS (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. EM tsk@pw.usda.gov NR 13 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU AACC INTERNATIONAL PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB RD, ST PAUL, MN 55121-2097 USA SN 0146-6283 J9 CEREAL FOOD WORLD JI Cereal Foods World PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 48 IS 2 BP 73 EP 75 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 658ZD UT WOS:000181750400006 ER PT J AU Meiners, T Wackers, F Lewis, WJ AF Meiners, T Wackers, F Lewis, WJ TI Associative learning of complex odours in parasitoid host location SO CHEMICAL SENSES LA English DT Article DE background odour; complex blends; insect learning; mixture recognition; plant volatiles ID MICROPLITIS-CROCEIPES CRESSON; HONEYBEE APIS-MELLIFERA; OILSEED RAPE VOLATILES; ODORANT MIXTURES; BINARY-MIXTURES; PLANT VOLATILES; DISCRIMINATION; BEHAVIOR; WASP; RECOGNITION AB In this paper we address the question how hymenopteran parasitoids deal with complex odour bouquets, using Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as a model. We examined the capacity of Microplitis croceipes to respond to individual compounds in flight chamber experiments after conditioning parasitoids with a mixture consisting of 2-octanone, methyl jasmonate and beta-caryophyllene. Parasitoids were given a choice between single compounds from the training mixture and beta-ocimene as an unrewarded alternative. When compared with control individuals lacking experience with the odour mixture, parasitoids trained to the odour blend showed an increased preference for 2-octanone and beta-caryophyllene, but not for methyl jasmonate. However, when trained with methyl jasmonate alone, parasitoids were able to respond to this compound. This demonstrates that parasitoids can learn to respond to individual compounds following experience with an odour mixture. However, for certain compounds of a mixture, learning can be blocked by other mixture components. Further experiments in which parasitoids were conditioned and challenged with two compound mixes confirmed that the olfactory background can affect recognition of individual compounds. C1 Free Univ Berlin, Inst Biol, D-12163 Berlin, Germany. NIOO CTE, NL-6666 ZG Heteren, Netherlands. ARS, USDA, IBPMRL, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Meiners, T (reprint author), Haderslebener Str 9, D-12163 Berlin, Germany. NR 44 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0379-864X J9 CHEM SENSES JI Chem. Senses PD MAR PY 2003 VL 28 IS 3 BP 231 EP 236 DI 10.1093/chemse/28.3.231 PG 6 WC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences; Physiology SC Behavioral Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA 674JG UT WOS:000182633200006 PM 12714445 ER PT J AU Pierpoint, AC Hapeman, CJ Torrents, A AF Pierpoint, AC Hapeman, CJ Torrents, A TI Ozone treatment of soil contaminated with aniline and trifluralin SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE ozonation; treatment; contamination; pesticides ID ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; OZONATION; PESTICIDES; WATER; PRODUCTS; PERSISTENCE; REMEDIATION; OXIDATION; SORPTION; MATTER AB Column studies were conducted to determine the ability of ozone to degrade aniline and trifluralin in soil. Ozone rapidly degraded aniline from soil under moist soil conditions, 5% (wt). Removal of 77-98% of [UL-C-14]-aniline was observed from soil columns (15 ml, i.d. = 2.5 cm), exposed to 0.6% O-3 (wt) at 200 ml/min after 4 min. Initial ozonation products included nitrosobenzene and nitrobenzene, while further oxidation led to CO2. Ring-labeled-[UL-C-14]-trifluralin removal rates were slower, requiring 30 min to achieve removals of 70-97%. Oxidation and cleavage of the N-propyl groups of trifluralin was observed, affording 2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-aniline, 2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzamine, and 2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-N-acetonyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzamine. Base solutions revealed that trifluralin was similarly oxidized to CO2, where 72-83% of the activity recovered comprised (CO2)-C-14. Use of ozone-rich water improved contaminant removal in trifluralin-amended soil columns, but did not improve removal in aniline, pentachloroaniline, hexachlorobenzene amended soil columns, suggesting that ozonated water may improve contaminant removal for reactive contaminants of low solubility. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm Engn Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Torrents, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm Engn Program, 1173 Glenn L Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 33 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD MAR PY 2003 VL 50 IS 8 BP 1025 EP 1034 AR PII S0045-6535(02)00635-5 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00635-5 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 638PW UT WOS:000180580300009 PM 12531708 ER PT J AU Parson, EA Corell, RW Barron, EJ Burkett, V Janetos, A Joyce, L Karl, TR MacCracken, MC Melillo, J Morgan, MG Schimel, DS Wilbanks, T AF Parson, EA Corell, RW Barron, EJ Burkett, V Janetos, A Joyce, L Karl, TR MacCracken, MC Melillo, J Morgan, MG Schimel, DS Wilbanks, T TI Understanding climatic impacts, vulnerabilities, and adaptation in the United States: Building a capacity for assessment SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Review ID INCREASING CARBON-DIOXIDE; INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT; FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; EXPERT JUDGMENTS; CHANGING CLIMATE; GLOBAL CHANGE; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; WEEDS; RICE AB Based on the experience of the U.S. National Assessment, we propose a program of research and analysis to advance capability for assessment of climate impacts, vulnerabilities, and adaptation options. We identify specific priorities for scientific research on the responses of ecological and socioeconomic systems to climate and other stresses: for improvement in the climatic inputs to impact assessments; and for further development of assessment methods to improve their practical utility to decision-makers. Finally, we propose a new institutional model for assessment, based principally on regional efforts that integrate observations, research, data, applications, and assessment on climate and linked environmental-change issues. The proposed program will require effective collaboration between scientists, resource managers, and other stakeholders, all of whose expertise is needed to define and prioritize key regional issues, characterize relevant uncertainties, and assess potential responses. While both scientifically and omanizationally challenging, such an integrated program holds the best promise of advancing Our capacity to manage resources and the economy adaptively under a changing climate. C1 Harvard Univ, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Amer Meteorol Soc, Washington, DC USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USGS, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA USA. World Resources Inst, Washington, DC 20006 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Washington, DC USA. US Global Change Res Program, Washington, DC USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Parson, EA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, 79 JFK St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 101 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 17 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2003 VL 57 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 42 DI 10.1023/A:1022188519982 PG 34 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 651UJ UT WOS:000181340200003 ER PT J AU Reilly, J Tubiello, F McCarl, B Abler, D Darwin, R Fuglie, K Hollinger, S Izaurralde, C Jagtap, S Jones, J Mearns, L Ojima, D Paul, E Paustian, K Riha, S Rosenberg, N Rosenzweig, C AF Reilly, J Tubiello, F McCarl, B Abler, D Darwin, R Fuglie, K Hollinger, S Izaurralde, C Jagtap, S Jones, J Mearns, L Ojima, D Paul, E Paustian, K Riha, S Rosenberg, N Rosenzweig, C TI US agriculture and climate change: New results SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ADAPTATION; FREQUENCY; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; IMPACTS; EVENTS; TRENDS; SECTOR AB We examined the impacts on U.S. agriculture of transient climate change as simulated by 2 global general circulation models focusing on the decades of the 2030s and 2090s. We examined historical shifts in the location of crops and trends in the variability of U.S. average crop yields, finding that non-climatic forces have likely dominated the north and westward movement of crops and the trends in yield variability. For the simulated future climates we considered impacts on crops, grazing and pasture, livestock, pesticide use, irrigation water supply and demand, and the sensitivity to international trade assumptions, finding that the aggregate of these effects were positive for the U.S. consumer but negative, due to declining crop prices, for producers. We examined the effects of potential changes in El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and impacts on yield variability of changes in mean climate conditions. Increased losses occurred with ENSO intensity and frequency increases that could not be completely offset even if the events could be perfectly forecasted. Effects on yield variability of changes in mean temperatures were mixed. We also considered case study interactions of climate, agriculture, and the environment focusing on climate effects on nutrient loading to the Chesapeake Bay and groundwater depletion of the Edward's Aquifer that provides water for municipalities and agriculture to the San Antonio, Texas area. While only case studies, these results suggest environmental targets such as pumping limits and changes in farm practices to limit nutrient run-off Would need to be tightened if current environmental goals were to be achieved under the climate scenarios we examined. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Reilly, J (reprint author), MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave,E40-269, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI McCarl, Bruce/E-9445-2011; Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016; Paustian, Keith/L-7593-2016 NR 50 TC 126 Z9 138 U1 6 U2 70 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAR PY 2003 VL 57 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 69 DI 10.1023/A:1022103315424 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 651UJ UT WOS:000181340200004 ER PT J AU Hines, SA Stone, DM Hines, MT Alperin, DC Knowles, DP Norton, LK Hamilton, MJ Davis, WC McGuire, TC AF Hines, SA Stone, DM Hines, MT Alperin, DC Knowles, DP Norton, LK Hamilton, MJ Davis, WC McGuire, TC TI Clearance of virulent but not avirulent Rhodococcus equi from the lungs of adult horses is associated with intracytoplasmic gamma interferon production by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; INTRACELLULAR CYTOKINES; PULMONARY CLEARANCE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; NUDE-MICE; CELLS; INFECTION; PROTECTION; FOALS AB Rhodococcus equi is a gram-positive bacterium that infects alveolar macrophages and causes rhodococcal pneumonia in horses and humans. The virulence plasmid of R. equi appears to be required for both pathogenicity in the horse and the induction of protective immunity. An understanding of the mechanisms by which virulent R. equi circumvents protective host responses and by which bacteria are ultimately cleared is important for development of an effective vaccine. Six adult horses were challenged with either virulent R. equi or an avirulent, plasmid-cured derivative. By using a How cytometric method for intracytoplasmic detection of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in equine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells, clearance of the virulent strain was shown to be associated with increased numbers of pulmonary CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes producing IFN-gamma. There was no change in IFN-gamma-positive cells in peripheral blood, suggesting that a type I recall response at the site of challenge was protective. The plasmid-cured strain of R. equi was cleared in horses without a significant increase in IFN-gamma-producing T lymphocytes in BALF. In contrast to these data, a previous report in foals suggested an immunomodulating role for R. equi virulence plasmid-encoded products in downregulating IFN-gamma expression by equine CD4(+) T lymphocytes. Intracytoplasmic detection of IFN-gamma provides a method to better determine whether modulation of macrophage-activating cytokines by virulent strains occurs uniquely in neonates and contributes to their susceptibility to rhodococcal pneumonia. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Clin Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Hines, SA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, POB 647040, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 43 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 10 IS 2 BP 208 EP 215 DI 10.1128/CDLI.10.2.208-215.2003 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 655RP UT WOS:000181566700003 PM 12626444 ER PT J AU Herrmann, LM Cheevers, WP McGuire, T Adams, DS Hutton, MM Gavin, WG Knowles, DP AF Herrmann, LM Cheevers, WP McGuire, T Adams, DS Hutton, MM Gavin, WG Knowles, DP TI Competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of serum antibodies to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus: Diagnostic tool for successful eradication SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROGRESSIVE ARTHRITIS; LENTIVIRUS; INFECTION; PROTEINS; GOATS AB A competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was evaluated for the detection of serum antibodies to the surface envelope (SU) of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) in goats. This assay utilized 96-well microtiter plates containing CAEV-63 SU captured by monoclonal antibody (MAb) F7-299 and measured the competitive displacement of horseradish peroxidase-conjugated MAb GPB 74A binding by undiluted goat sera (F. Ozyoruk, W. P. Cheevers, G. A. Hullinger, T. C. McGuire, M. Hutton, and D. P. Knowles, Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 8:44-51, 2001). Two hundred serum samples from goats in the United States were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of cELISA based on the immunoprecipitation (IP) of [S-35] methionine-labeled viral antigens as a standard of Comparison. A positive cELISA was defined as >33.2% inhibition of MAb 74A binding based on 2 standard deviations above the mean percent inhibition of 140 IP-negative serum samples. At this cutoff value, there were 0 of 60 false-negative sera (100% sensitivity) and 5 of 140 false-positive sera (96.4% specificity). Additional studies utilized IP-monitored cELISA to establish a CAEV-free herd of 1,640 dairy goats. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. GTC Biotherapeut, Framingham, MA 01701 USA. VMRD Inc, Pullman, WA 99163 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol & Pathol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Herrmann, LM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR 42718, R01 AR043718] NR 17 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 10 IS 2 BP 267 EP 271 DI 10.1128/CDLI.10.2.267-271.2003 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 655RP UT WOS:000181566700012 PM 12626453 ER PT J AU Nelson, DR Adams, TS Fatland, CL AF Nelson, DR Adams, TS Fatland, CL TI Hydrocarbons in the surface wax of eggs and adults of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insects; hydrocarbons; methylalkanes; cuticular surface lipids; eggs; adults; Colorado potato beetle; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; mass spectrometry ID FORMOSANUS SHIRAKI ISOPTERA; CUTICULAR HYDROCARBONS; SEX-PHEROMONE; BRANCHED ALKANES; MASS-SPECTRA; LIPIDS; IDENTIFICATION; COLEOPTERA; CHRYSOMELIDAE; MOTH AB The major components of the egg hydrocarbons were dimethylalkanes (40%) and trimethylalkanes (24%) in which the first methyl branch was on carbon 2. The major dimethylalkanes, were an approximately 2:1 mixture of 2,10- and 2,6-dimethyloctacosanes in females and eggs. The major trimethylalkanes were a mixture of 2,10,16- and 2,10,18-trimethyloctacosanes. 2,x- and 2,x,y-methyl-branched alkanes with an odd-numbered carbon backbone were proposed to have an even number of carbon atoms between the first and second methyl branch points indicating that their biosynthesis started with a primer derived from leucine. 13,17,21,25-Tetramethylheptatriacontane was the only tetramethylalkane identified. Females and eggs had more hydrocarbons with a 2-methyl branch point than did the males. The eggs had the lowest amount of intemally-branched dimethylalkanes but the largest amount of 2,x-dimethylalkanes in their surface hydrocarbons. Only trace amounts of n-alkanes and alkenes were detected in the surface hydrocarbons of adult males and females, larvae and eggs, of the Colorado potato beetle. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 State Univ Stn, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Nelson, DR (reprint author), State Univ Stn, USDA, Biosci Res Lab, 1605 Albrecht Blvd, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 46 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 134 IS 3 BP 447 EP 466 AR PII S1096-4959(02)00262-2 DI 10.1016/S1096-4959(02)00262-2 PG 20 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 660WF UT WOS:000181856500006 PM 12628376 ER PT J AU Moore, RW Caldwell, DY Berghman, LR Caldwell, DJ McElroy, AP Byrd, JA Hargis, BM AF Moore, RW Caldwell, DY Berghman, LR Caldwell, DJ McElroy, AP Byrd, JA Hargis, BM TI Effect of bursal anti-steroidogenic peptide and immunoglobulin G on neonatal chicken B-lymphocyte proliferation SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE B-lymphocyte; bursal anti-steroidogenic peptide; immunoglobulin G; proliferation ID HUMORAL IMMUNE-SYSTEM; PRODUCTION IN-VITRO; FC-GAMMA-RIIB; INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN; GRANULOSA-CELLS; IGE PRODUCTION; INHIBITION; BASP; BIOSYNTHESIS; SUPPRESSION AB In attempts to identify antibodies for Bursal Anti-Steroidogenic Peptide (BASP), rabbit serum was observed to reduce phorbol ester-stimulated chicken B-lymphocyte proliferation comparable to BASP These experiments investigated the effects of IgG on B-lymphocyte proliferation. In Experiment 1, 3% rabbit serum decreased B-lymphocyte proliferation. In Experiment 2, 2 mg/ml of intact rabbit IgG or 0.65 mg/ml of IgG papain digest products, Fab and Fc, decreased B-lymphocyte proliferation. The combination of BASP and either Fab or Fc was observed to have at least an additive antiproliferative effect. In Experiment 3, 0.01 mg/ml of either rabbit or chicken IgG, or 1.0 mg/ml of rabbit or 0.01 mg/ ml of chicken Fab, Fc, and the pepsin digestion product F(ab')(2) was observed to have an anti-proliferative effect. No combined effects of BASP and IgG or IgG digest products were observed for this experiment. In Experiment 4, 12 mg/ ml of chicken egg yolk IgG or 1.2 mg/ml Fab was found to suppress B-lymphocyte proliferation. Additionally, an additive effect of 12 mg/ml of IgG with BASP was again observed. The present studies suggest that IgG and its digestion products reduce phorbol-stimulated B-lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and combined treatment with IgG and BASP may have at least an additive anti-proliferative effect on B-lymphocyte proliferation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Moore, RW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM rwmoore@poultry.tamu.edu NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1532-0456 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS C JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C-Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 134 IS 3 BP 291 EP 302 AR PII S1532-0456(02)00208-9 DI 10.1016/S1532-0456(02)00208-9 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Toxicology; Zoology GA 659RV UT WOS:000181792000002 PM 12643976 ER PT J AU Xia, YL Stinner, RE Brinkman, D Bennett, N AF Xia, YL Stinner, RE Brinkman, D Bennett, N TI Agricultural chemicals use data access using COLDFUSION markup language and a relational database SO COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE LA English DT Article DE database; SQL; COLDFUSION; dynamic access; agriculture; pesticide; agricultural chemicals ID INFORMATION; SYSTEM AB A relational database was developed for the agricultural chemical use data collected by the US Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service since 1990. COLDFUSION Markup Language was used for the client-side interface and server side process programming. The database is accessible from the Web at URL: http://www.pestmanagement.info/nass. Users can obtain information about agricultural chemical use in the database by search of crop, year, region, and active ingredient. Various agricultural chemical usage statistics are provided as Web tables, dynamically generated US maps, charts and graphs, and downloadable Excel files. We used a centralized software architecture in this project, which is suitable for projects with moderate programming complexity. A distributed approach might be more appropriate for the more complex projects. The current database information, spanning 1990-2001, will be augmented in the future, possibly using an automated updating scheme. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USDA, Natl Agr Stat Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Xia, YL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, 1017 Main Campus Dr,Suite 1100,NCSU Centennial Ca, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0168-1699 J9 COMPUT ELECTRON AGR JI Comput. Electron. Agric. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 38 IS 3 BP 217 EP 225 DI 10.1016/S0168-1699(03)00003-6 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA 663VF UT WOS:000182026400004 ER PT J AU Linz, GM Knutsen, GA Homan, H Bleier, WJ AF Linz, GM Knutsen, GA Homan, H Bleier, WJ TI Baiting blackbirds (Icteridae) in stubble grain fields during spring migration in South Dakota SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE avicide; blackbirds; sunflower ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; AGELAIUS-PHOENICEUS; FOOD AB Blackbirds (Icteridae) annually damage US$5-8 million of ripening sunflower in the northern Great Plains. Baiting blackbirds with avicide-treated rice during spring migration might reduce the regional breeding population. In March and April 1996-1997, we simulated a baiting program in eastern South Dakota to compare attractiveness of rice-baited plots placed in fields of corn and soybean stubble. Blackbirds used plots in corn stubble more often than plots in soybean stubble and chose rice-baited plots over unbaited reference plots. We conclude that blackbirds can be successfully baited with avicide-treated rice placed in corn stubble. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, APHIS, WS, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Linz, GM (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, USDA, APHIS, WS, 2110 Miriam Circle,Suite B, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 261 EP 264 AR PII S0261-2194(02)00065-0 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(02)00065-0 PG 4 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 650RK UT WOS:000181276900005 ER PT J AU Tranel, PJ Jeschke, MR Wassom, JJ Maxwell, DJ Wax, LM AF Tranel, PJ Jeschke, MR Wassom, JJ Maxwell, DJ Wax, LM TI Variation in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) interference among common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) accessions SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE intraspecific variation; yield loss; plant interference; competition; economic threshold ID COMPETITION; RESISTANCE; SHOOT; ROOT AB Common cocklebur is an annual dicotyledonous weed that is extremely competitive with agronomic crops, and known to be variable for traits such as leaf and bur morphology, biomass production, and photosynthetic rate. The purpose of this study was to determine if variability of this species was manifested in its ability to reduce soybean yield. Seven common cocklebur accessions from different regions of the United States were compared over three growing seasons at Urbana, Illinois. Plots were established with each common cocklebur accession planted between soybean rows at a density of one plant per metre of row. Averaged over all accessions, soybean yield reductions were 48% and 20% in 1999 and 2001, respectively, relative to weed-free control plots. No yield reduction by common cocklebur was observed in 2000. Accession and year, but not the year by accession interaction, were significant (P < 0.05) sources of variation in the 1999 and 2001 combined ANOVA for soybean yield reduction and for aboveground common cocklebur dry matter. Averaged over 1999 and 2001, soybean yield reductions ranged from 25% to 42%, depending on the accession. The amounts by which common cocklebur accessions reduced soybean yield were highly correlated (r = 0.92) with their aboveground dry matter production. Variability in soybean yield-reduction potential among common cocklebur accessions makes it more difficult to develop accurate economic thresholds for managing this weed. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Tranel, PJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. OI Tranel, Patrick/0000-0003-0666-4564 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 375 EP 380 AR PII S0261-2194(02)00183-7 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(02)00183-7 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 650RK UT WOS:000181276900021 ER PT J AU Hagdorn, S Lamkey, KR Frisch, M Guimaraes, PEO Melchinger, AE AF Hagdorn, S Lamkey, KR Frisch, M Guimaraes, PEO Melchinger, AE TI Molecular genetic diversity among progenitors and derived elite lines of BSSS and BSCB1 maize populations SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID RECIPROCAL RECURRENT SELECTION; HETEROTIC GROUPS; SIB SELECTION; INBRED LINES; RESPONSES; MARKERS; YIELD AB The maize (Zea mays L.) populations Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSS) and Iowa Corn Borer Synthetic No. I (BSCB1) have undergone reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) since their establishment in 1949. This study focused on molecular genetic variation of the progenitor inbred lines used to synthesize BSSS and BSCB1 as well as elite inbred lines derived from different cycles of selection. Our objectives were to investigate changes in allele frequencies and genetic diversity from progenitors to derived lines and evaluate trends in genetic diversity among elite lines derived from early and advanced selection cycles. Genotypic data for 105 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) loci were collected from four groups: 16 progenitors and 18 elite lines derived from BSSS, 12 progenitors and 7 elite lines derived from BSCB1. Each progenitor group had a broad genetic base but both were genetically similar. The groups of derived lines diverged substantially from each other. A larger Roger's distance was found between the groups of lines derived from advanced cycles than between the groups of lines derived from Cycle 0. Allelic variation within each group of lines, however, decreased just slightly with the elite lines capturing almost 75 and 67% of the allelic variation present in the progenitor lines of BSSS and BSCB1, respectively. The results of this study confirm the long-term potential of this RRS program and the importance of the choice of broadly based progenitor materials. C1 Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Hohenheim, Inst Plant Breeding Seed Sci & Populat Genet, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. EMBRAPA, BR-35701970 Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. RP Lamkey, KR (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Frisch, Matthias/A-4459-2009; Lamkey, Kendall/D-7631-2013 OI Frisch, Matthias/0000-0003-4234-8972; Lamkey, Kendall/0000-0001-8510-8798 NR 40 TC 19 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 474 EP 482 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654DX UT WOS:000181479700003 ER PT J AU Casler, MD Barker, RE Brummer, EC Papadopolous, YA Hoffman, LD AF Casler, MD Barker, RE Brummer, EC Papadopolous, YA Hoffman, LD TI Selection for orchardgrass seed yield in target vs. nontarget environments SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CONVERGENT-DIVERGENT SELECTION; FORAGE TRAITS; RESPONSES; OREGON AB Simultaneous improvement of forage traits and seed yield in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) has been problematic because of geographic separation of forage and seed production locations. Previous work has shown that a complex multilocation selection program in forage production environments can increase forage yield as well as seed yield in Oregon. The objective of this experiment was to compare target-environment (TE) and nontarget-environment (NTE) selection approaches for increasing seed yield of orchardgrass in Oregon. Two cycles of recurrent phenotypic selection for panicle seed mass (PSM) and agronomic traits were conducted on four populationsin four eastern USA locations (NTE) and one Oregon location (TE). Seed yield was increased in three of four orchardgrass populations by TE selection, averaging 5.1% cycle(-1), but was improved by NTE selection in only one of four populations. Conversely, TE selection for PSM and agronomic traits resulted in no changes to forage yield in the eastern USA and Canada, while NTE selection for PSM and agronomic traits increased forage yield in two of four populations, confirming results of a previous study. It appears that the most efficient system for simultaneously improving forage and seed traits of orchardgrass would be to practice selection for forage traits in forage production environments and seed traits in seed production environments, with sufficiently large populations to allow multitrait selection. C1 Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4N6, Canada. Livestock Res Ctr, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4N6, Canada. Penn State Univ, Dept Agron, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. RP Casler, MD (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 532 EP 538 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654DX UT WOS:000181479700012 ER PT J AU Stombaugh, SK Orf, JH Jung, HG Somers, DA AF Stombaugh, SK Orf, JH Jung, HG Somers, DA TI Relationships between soybean seed cell wall polysaccharides, yield, and seed traits SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH; MATURATION; NUMBER; LINES AB Seed cell wall polysaccharides (CWPs) represent a significant portion of seed dry matter (DM) in soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr.]. To further investigate the role of seed CWP in determining seed traits, relationships were examined among monosaccharide constituents of CWP and between CWP, yield, maturity, seed weight, and protein and oil content using principal component (PC) analysis in 13 Minnesota-adapted cultivars. Monosaccharide data were used to form PCs. Principal Component 1 mainly described pectin polysaccharides composed of rhamnose and galactose and was negatively correlated with the sum of protein and oil content (protein + oil) (r = -0.58). Cellulose, hemicellulose, and arabinose-containing polysaccharides as described by PC2 were negatively correlated with yield (r = -0.59), suggesting lower seed content in these CWP relates to an increase in yield. Seed arabinose:galactose (Ara:Gal) ratio was negatively correlated with yield and maturity and may be an indicator of the average stage of seed cell wall development for a cultivar at maturity. Principal Components 2, 3, and 4 combined to form a stepwise regression equation (R-2 = 0.69) for seed weight with PC4 providing the most weight in the equation. This equation implicates linear and backbone polysaccharides as being most important in relation to seed weight. Thus, individual polysaccharide types were correlated with either yield, protein + oil, or seed weight. Lower seed content of CWP was correlated with beneficial changes in seed traits, suggesting that reducing CWP content may provide an additional seed trait improvement. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Somers, DA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 571 EP 576 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654DX UT WOS:000181479700017 ER PT J AU Lopez, CG Banowetz, GM Peterson, CJ Kronstad, WE AF Lopez, CG Banowetz, GM Peterson, CJ Kronstad, WE TI Dehydrin expression and drought tolerance in seven wheat cultivars SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FREEZING-TOLERANCE; WATER-STRESS; SPRING WHEAT; ACCUMULATION; RESPONSES; SUNFLOWER; PROTEINS; TRAITS; MARKER; SYSTEM AB The winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) producing region of the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) is subject to periods of water deficit during sowing and grain filling. Improving the genetic adaptation of wheat to drought stress represents one of the main objectives of regional breeding programs. One biochemical response to dehydrative stress is the accumulation of a family of proteins called dehydrins, which are believed to protect membranes and macromolecules against denaturation. Although previous studies demonstrated the accumulation of dehydrins in drought-stressed wheat, little was known about the relation of dehydrin expression to acquisition of drought tolerance in specific varieties adapted to the PNW. We characterized dehydrin accumulation during the exposure of seven cultivars ('Connie', 'Gene', 'TAM105', 'Rod', 'Hiller', 'Rhode', and 'Stephens') to progressive drought stress in four separate experiments. The objective was to identify differences in the nature or timing of dehydrin expression in these cultivars and to learn whether dehydrin expression was associated with the acquisition of stress tolerance during seedling development. Expression of a 24-kDa dehydrin was observed in Connie, TAM105, and Gene after 4 d of stress and at subsequent sampling dates while no dehydrins were detected in nonstress control plants. Dehydrin expression was significantly delayed in the remaining cultivars. The presence of this dehydrin was related to acquisition of drought tolerance characterized by a greater maintenance of shoot dry matter production in Connie, TAM105, and Gene. Although the role of these proteins remains unknown, their association with stress tolerance suggests that dehydrins might be used to improve the adaptation to drought. C1 USDA, ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Nacl Lomas Zamora, Catedra Mejoramiento Vegetal, Fac Ciencias Agrarias, RA-1832 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Banowetz, GM (reprint author), USDA, ARS, 3450 SW Campus Wy, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 26 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 577 EP 582 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654DX UT WOS:000181479700018 ER PT J AU Zobel, RW AF Zobel, RW TI Sensitivity analysis of computer-based diameter measurement from digital images SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DESK-TOP SCANNER; ROOT LENGTH; BRANCH ROOTS; ZEA AB Root diameters less than 0.5 mm are infrequently documented in the literature, yet they are a critical functional component of the root system. Software capable of measuring root diameters from digital images has been used extensively to measure root length, but little is known of its efficacy in diameter measurements. An Epson 1680 scanner with a transparency unit and a Kodak DCS330 digital camera with a 105-mm Macro lens were each used to image sets of random length wires of four diameters from 0.057 to 1.19 mm and human hair of diameter 0.057 nun over a series of pixel sizes from 0.019 to 0.254 mm (50.5-3.9 p mm(-1)). Images were analyzed with the MacRHIZO software package either before or after image sharpening with Adobe Photoshop. Additionally, roots from two experiments were photographed to compare with the wire and hair analyses. Minimum routine mixed object diameter resolution with both this scanner and camera is about 50 mum, though the theoretical minimum is only dependent on lens and scanner technology. With unadjusted images, MacRHIZO pro 3.10b requires a very narrow range of image resolution (7.9-15.7 p mm(-1) with 0.5 to >1-mm diameter objects) for accurate measurement. Higher resolutions cause the software to assume a 1- or 2-pixel thick wire or root is crossing the larger object at points of roughness on the edge of the images. The sharpen filter from Photoshop eliminated this problem at all resolutions tested with scanner and photographic images. Images treated with the maximum sharpening from Photoshop had practical image resolution ranges of 4 to 50 p mm(-1). With sharpening, images of mixtures of roots or other objects with diameters between 50 mum and >1 mm can be accurately analyzed with MacRHIZO. Digital camera and high-resolution scanner appear equally effective in producing digital images for routine length and diameter analysis. C1 USDA, ARS, AFSRC, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. RP Zobel, RW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, AFSRC, 1224 Airport Rd, Beaver, WV 25813 USA. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 583 EP 591 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654DX UT WOS:000181479700019 ER PT J AU Sinclair, TR Vadez, V Chenu, K AF Sinclair, TR Vadez, V Chenu, K TI Ureide accumulation in response to Mn nutrition by eight soybean genotypes with N-2 fixation tolerance to soil drying SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-FIXATION; WATER DEFICITS; CULTIVAR JACKSON; DROUGHT; MANGANESE; LEAVES; SENSITIVITY; DEGRADATION; ASPARAGINE; INHIBITION AB Nitrogen fixation in soybean (Glycine mar Merr.) is especially sensitive to soil drying. The basis of this sensitivity appears to be related to the fact that ureides are transported from the nodules, and the ureide concentrations increase with water deficits in leaves resulting in an apparent feedback to nodules involving ureides that inhibit activity. Therefore, sustained ureide catabolism in the leaves under water deficit appears to be critical for N-2 fixation tolerance. Recently, eight plant introduction lines were identified that expressed substantial N-2 fixation tolerance of water deficits. The focus of this study was to explore the basis for the tolerance previously observed in the eight lines. Specifically, the objective of this study was to evaluate in these genotypes the dependence for ureide catabolism on allantoate amidinohydrolase, which in other cultivars appears to be related to N-2 fixation tolerance of water deficits. Since allantoate amidinohydrolase does not require Mn as a co-factor in contrast to the alternate enzyme for allantoic acid catabolism, ureide accumulation was measured in leaves of these genotypes after the plants were fed allantoic acid following growth on low Mn hydroponic solutions. This treatment confirmed that ureide accumulation was independent of Mn nutrition level in six of the eight tolerant lines. Ureide accumulation in PI 429328 was consistently the most insensitive to Mn nutrition level. Overall, these results indicated that ureide catabolism independent of Mn is active in six of the eight plant introduction lines identified to express N-2 fixation tolerance to soil drying. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Agron Physiol & Genet Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Chenu, Karine/A-8967-2009; Vadez, Vincent/C-5310-2014 OI Chenu, Karine/0000-0001-7273-2057; Vadez, Vincent/0000-0003-2014-0281 NR 22 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 592 EP 597 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654DX UT WOS:000181479700020 ER PT J AU Sinclair, TR Ray, JD Mislevy, P Premazzi, LM AF Sinclair, TR Ray, JD Mislevy, P Premazzi, LM TI Growth of subtropical forage grasses under extended photoperiod during short-daylength months SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BERMUDAGRASS; REGISTRATION; MATTER; WINTER AB One constraint on cattle production in the southeastern USA is the low productivity of perennial forage grasses during the short-daylength months. Evidence indicates that total growth during these months could be enhanced by exposing these grasses to extended photoperiod. A detailed analysis of their year-round productivity and nutritive value is needed to understand fully the consequences of overcoming the photoperiod-induced decline in growth. A 2-yr experiment was established at Ona, FL, in which photoperiod was extended to 15 h throughout the short-daylength months. Four grasses were studied: 'Pensacola' bahiagrass, Paspalum notatum Flugge var. Saurde Parodi; 'Tifton 85' bermudagrass, Cynodon spp. L. Pers.; 'Florakirk' bermudagrass; and 'Florona' stargrass, Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis. Growth increases were observed in all grasses during the short-daylength months as a result of the extended-photoperiod treatment, with increases in the January through March harvests of 3-fold or more for Pensacola bahiagrass and 1.5- to 2.5-fold for Tifton 85 bermudagrass. Generally, there was no evidence of adverse consequences from sustained growth during the short-daylength months either in the subsequent spring and summer growth or in traits measured in below-ground tissue. With one exception, there was no major influence of the sustained growth on forage nutritive value during the short-daylength months for any of the year round harvests. Pensacola bahiagrass had decreased crude protein under the extended-photoperiod treatment relative to the natural daylength treatment. Overall, these results indicated that the selection and genetic incorporation of photoperiod insensitivity into these grasses could enhance productivity without adverse consequences. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Range Cattle Res & Educ Ctr, Ona, FL 33865 USA. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 618 EP 623 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654DX UT WOS:000181479700023 ER PT J AU Steiner, JJ Alderman, SC AF Steiner, JJ Alderman, SC TI Red clover seed production: VI. Effect and economics of soil pH adjusted by lime application SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FORAGE AB Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an important forage legume grown in North America and Europe. A primary region for world seed production is western Oregon, USA. Stand decline in Oregon seed fields can occur from root rot disease, caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. Increasing soil pH by lime application has been shown to reduce the incidence of Fusarium-caused diseases in numerous other crops. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect and economics of soil pH on red clover seed production and root health. Lime was applied (0, 5.6, and 11.2 Mg ha(-1)) in autumn 1993 near Corvallis, OR. The effects of normal and delayed spring herbage removal, and first and second-year seed crop age (1994 and 1995) were also examined. Soil pH in May 1996 after planting a wheat (Triticum aestivam L.) rotation crop in the three lime treatments was 5.6, 6.1, and 6.4, respectively. Clover plants in the untreated control were generally chlorotic and shorter than plants in the two lime treatments before herbage removal in spring 1994. First-year seed yields were greater with than without lime, but second year yields were unaffected. Soil pH did not affect clover phytomass after herbage removal in either year, and did not affect straw and grain yields of a wheat rotation crop. Soil pH was correlated with clover root diameter (r = 0.54; P less than or equal to 0.01), and unlike other crops, was correlated with fusarium root rot severity (r = 0.69; P less than or equal to 0.001). Within the range of soil pH values examined, and for the combined 2 yr of production, neither lime treatment produced a more economical seed yield than the untreated control. For the range of soil pH conditions, without improved root health, and in the absence of any affect on rotation crop yield, lime application cannot be justified solely for the benefit of red clover seed production. C1 USDA, ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Steiner, JJ (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Natl Forage Seed Prod Res Ctr, 3450 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 624 EP 630 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654DX UT WOS:000181479700024 ER PT J AU Van Esbroeck, GA Hussey, MA Sanderson, MA AF Van Esbroeck, GA Hussey, MA Sanderson, MA TI Variation between Alamo and cave-in-rock switchgrass in response to photoperiod extension SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT; SEASON AREA; LEAF; CULTIVARS; PHYLLOCHRON; POPULATIONS; GRASSES; WHEAT; YIELD AB The length of the growing period for switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) can vary considerably across environments. For many species, phenotypic plasticity for length of the vegetative phase results from a photoperiod mediated transition from vegetative to reproductive development. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of photoperiod on tiller development on a northern (Cave-in-Rock) and southern (Alamo) switchgrass cultivar. Plants were removed from the field and grown in greenhouses during winter at natural (11.5-13 h) and extended (16 h; 12 h natural + 4 h light extension) photoperiods. Photoperiod extension was with 100 mumol m(-1) s(-1) of photosynthetic photon flux density. For Cave-in-Rock at a 16-h photoperiod, panicle emergence was delayed by 18 d (39% longer than at the 12-h photoperiod) and the duration of panicle exsertion was extended by 17 d (243% longer than at the 12-h photoperiod). The delay in panicle emergence for Cave-in-Rock was associated with an increase in the phyllochron, whereas the total number of leaves on a tiller was not affected. Extended photoperiod did not alter time to panicle emergence in Alamo; however, the duration of panicle exsertion was extended by 15 d (136%). A delay in development under long photoperiods in both cultivars suggested a facultative short-day response; however, photoperiod did not appear to affect the initiation of reproductive development but rather extended the period of panicle exsertion. Photoperiod has a large effect on growth and development of switchgrass cultivars affecting their forage or biomass production value. Forage production of switchgrass in short-day environments may be improved with cultivars that are less photoperiod sensitive. C1 USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Soil & Crop Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Sanderson, MA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, Bldg 3702,Curtin Rd, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 639 EP 643 PG 5 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654DX UT WOS:000181479700026 ER PT J AU Malik, R Brown-Guedira, GL Smith, CM Harvey, TL Gill, BS AF Malik, R Brown-Guedira, GL Smith, CM Harvey, TL Gill, BS TI Genetic mapping of wheat curl mite resistance genes Cmc3 and Cmc4 in common wheat SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STREAK MOSAIC-VIRUS; SECALE-CEREALE L.; AEGILOPS-TAUSCHII; BREAD WHEAT; WINTER-WHEAT; D-GENOME; MAP; MARKERS; MICROSATELLITE; ERIOPHYIDAE AB To diversify the genetic base of resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to the wheat curl mite (WCM), A ceria tosichella Keifer, resistance to this pest was transferred from the dipolid goatgrass Aegilops taushcii (Coss.). Schmal. to the hard red winter wheat germplasm KS96-WGRC40 by backcrossing to the cultivar TAM 107. KS96WGRC40 has WCM resistance derived from both Ae. tauschii and rye (Secale cereale L.). The objectives of this study were to determine if a unique WCM resistance gene was transferred from Ae. tauschii to KS96WGRC40 and to determine the chromosome and linkage map locations of the WCM resistance genes in the germplasm. The rye-derived WCM resistance gene in TAM 107 and KS96WGRC40, designated Cmc3, is present on wheat-rye translocation T1AL-1RS. Marker analysis of a segregating F-2 population revealed that the rye-specific micro-satellite marker SCM09 can be used to select wheat lines carrying the 1RS segment and Cmc3. Allelism tests indicated that the Ae. tauschii-derived WCM resistance gene in KS96WGRC40, designated Cmc4, segregated independently of the Cmc1 gene previously transferred from this species. Molecular and cytogenetic analyses located Cmc4 distally on chromosome 6DS flanked by markers Xgdm141 (4.1 centimorgans, cM) and XksuG8 (6.4 cM). The linked markers may be used in wheat breeding programs for the selection of lines resistant to WCM and for gene pyramiding. C1 Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, NPA, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit,Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Brown-Guedira, GL (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, USDA ARS, NPA, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit,Dept Agron, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 644 EP 650 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654DX UT WOS:000181479700027 ER PT J AU Castro, AJ Chen, XM Hayes, PM Johnston, M AF Castro, AJ Chen, XM Hayes, PM Johnston, M TI Pyramiding quantitative trait locus (QTL) alleles determining resistance to barley stripe rust: Effects on resistance at the seedling stage SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID F-SP HORDEI; ADULT-PLANT RESISTANCE; PUCCINIA-STRIIFORMIS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; WHEAT CULTIVARS; DISEASE RESISTANCE; LINKAGE MAP; GENES; VIRULENCE; MICROSATELLITES AB Durable disease resistance may be achieved by pyramiding multiple qualitative resistance genes in single genotypes and by using quantitative resistance (QR) genes. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis tools can be used to rind determinants of QR. Resistance QTL pyramids may also lead to durable resistance, and they provide independent validation of QTL effects and QTL interactions. We used molecular markers to identify allelic architectures at three previously mapped QTL conferring resistance to barley stripe rust (caused by Paccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. hordei) in a set of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare) doubled haploid (DH) lines. The three QTL are located on three different chromosomes. One parent contributed the resistance alleles at two QTL and another parent contributed the resistance allele at the third QTL. In this report, we focus on resistance at the seedling stage; resistance at the adult plant stage will be addressed in a future report. The DH population was phenotyped for resistance by means of four pathogen isolates that show different patterns of virulence on a set of differentials. We used molecular markers to infer the resistance QTL allele architecture of each DH line. There was no significant QTL X race interaction, although some DH lines showed differential responses to isolates. The effects and locations of two QTL, each tracing to a different parent, were validated. The third QTL did not have a significant effect on disease symptom expression. To maximize the probability of recovering the resistant phenotype, resistance alleles are necessary at both QTL. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Republica, Fac Agron, Dept Prod Vegetal, Paysandu 60000, Uruguay. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Plant Sci & Plant Pathol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Hayes, PM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 253 Crop Sci Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 44 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 651 EP 659 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654DX UT WOS:000181479700028 ER PT J AU Maleki, L Faris, JD Bowden, RL Gill, BS Fellers, JP AF Maleki, L Faris, JD Bowden, RL Gill, BS Fellers, JP TI Physical and genetic mapping of wheat kinase analogs and NBS-LRR resistance gene analogs SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; RUST-RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; HOMOEOLOGOUS GROUP-4; PROTEIN-KINASES; RICH REGIONS; CHROMOSOMES; CLONING; FAMILY AB Conserved motifs within resistance genes have been utilized in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based strategies to isolate resistance gene analogs (RGAs) and resistance gene-like (RGLs) sequences from many plant species. RGAs have the potential to serve as closely linked markers for marker-assisted breeding or even as resistance gene candidates. The objectives of this study were to clone, sequence, and map RGAs and kinase analogs (KA). Three motifs in nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) resistance genes and two conserved motifs within R-gene kinases were used to design degenerate primers and amplify RGAs and KAs from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Eight NBS-LRR and 26 KAs were isolated. The clones were physically mapped to chromosomes by means of wheat nulli-tetrasomic lines. The probes detected 137 fragments that could be assigned to 20 of the 21 chromosomes; nearly half of the fragments mapped in the B genome. None of the fragments mapped to chromosome 4D. Genetic mapping of clones showed simple and complex loci indicating both single and multigene families. The RGAs and KAs will be useful as markers for mapping resistance gene loci. C1 USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Fellers, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Plant Sci & Entomol Res Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Bowden, Robert/E-3268-2013 OI Bowden, Robert/0000-0001-9419-6574 NR 51 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 660 EP 670 PG 11 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654DX UT WOS:000181479700029 ER PT J AU Isleib, TG Rice, PW Mozingo, RW Bailey, JE Mozingo, RW Pattee, HE AF Isleib, TG Rice, PW Mozingo, RW Bailey, JE Mozingo, RW Pattee, HE TI Registration of 'Perry' peanut SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NC C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Tidewater Agr Res Ext Ctr, Dept Soil & Environm Sci, Suffolk, VA 23437 USA. N Carolina State Univ, USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Isleib, TG (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Crop Sci, Box 7629, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 13 TC 14 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 739 EP 740 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654DX UT WOS:000181479700050 ER PT J AU Kilen, TC Young, LD AF Kilen, TC Young, LD TI Registration of D96-1217 soybean germplasm line resistant to phytophthora rot and soybean Cyst nematode races 3 and 14 SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Kilen, TC (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 345, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 740 EP 741 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654DX UT WOS:000181479700051 ER PT J AU Saunders, JW Halloin, JM McGrath, JM AF Saunders, JW Halloin, JM McGrath, JM TI Registration of EL52 and EL48 sugarbeet germplasm SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BEET GERMPLASM C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP McGrath, JM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Sugarbeet & Bean Res Unit, 494 PSSB, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 744 EP 745 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654DX UT WOS:000181479700055 ER PT J AU Quarin, CL Urbani, MH Blount, AR Martinez, EJ Hack, CM Burton, GW Quesenberry, KH AF Quarin, CL Urbani, MH Blount, AR Martinez, EJ Hack, CM Burton, GW Quesenberry, KH TI Registration of Q4188 and Q4205, sexual tetraploid germplasm lines of bahiagrass SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PASPALUM-NOTATUM C1 N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Marianna, FL 32446 USA. Univ Nacl Nordeste, Fac Ciencias Agr, RA-3400 Corrientes, Argentina. USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Crop Genet & Breeding Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Blount, AR (reprint author), N Florida Res & Educ Ctr, 3925 Highway 71, Marianna, FL 32446 USA. NR 4 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 745 EP 746 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654DX UT WOS:000181479700056 ER PT J AU Wang, RRC Larson, SR Horton, WH Chatterton, NJ AF Wang, RRC Larson, SR Horton, WH Chatterton, NJ TI Registration of W4909 and W4910 bread wheat germplasm lines with high salinity tolerance SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Wang, RRC (reprint author), Utah State Univ, USDA ARS, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 4 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 746 EP 746 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654DX UT WOS:000181479700057 ER PT J AU Vick, BA Jan, CC Miller, JF AF Vick, BA Jan, CC Miller, JF TI Registration of two sunflower genetic stocks with reduced palmitic and stearic acids SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Vick, BA (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Box 5677, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 747 EP 748 PG 2 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654DX UT WOS:000181479700059 ER PT J AU Jia, YL Singh, P Singh, P AF Jia, YL Singh, P Singh, P TI Development of dominant rice blast Pi-Ta resistance gene markers (vol 42, pg 2145, 2002) SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Correction C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. Zhejiang Univ, Inst Nucl Agr Sci, Hangzhou 310029, Peoples R China. RP Jia, YL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Natl Rice Res Ctr, POB 1090, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 751 EP 751 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654DX UT WOS:000181479700060 ER PT J AU Kidwell, KK Shelton, GB DeMacon, VL Burns, J Carter, BP Morris, CF Chen, X Hatchett, JH AF Kidwell, KK Shelton, GB DeMacon, VL Burns, J Carter, BP Morris, CF Chen, X Hatchett, JH TI Registration of 'Tara 2000' wheat (vol 42, pg 1746, 2002) SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Correction C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Western Reg Qual Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. USDA ARS, PSERU, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Kidwell, KK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 751 EP 751 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654DX UT WOS:000181479700061 ER PT J AU Hopkins, AA Yun, L Walker, DW AF Hopkins, AA Yun, L Walker, DW TI Registration of NF-1, and NF-1 profuse ligule, compass plant germplasm (vol 42, pg 2219, 2002) SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Correction C1 Noble Fdn Inc, Forage Biotechnol Grp, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. USDA ARS, Wyndmore, PA 19038 USA. RP Hopkins, AA (reprint author), Noble Fdn Inc, Forage Biotechnol Grp, 2510 Sam Noble Pkwy, Ardmore, OK 73401 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 752 EP 752 PG 1 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 654DX UT WOS:000181479700064 ER PT J AU Rajamohan, A Leopold, RA Wang, WB Harris, M McCombs, SD Peabody, NC Fisher, K AF Rajamohan, A Leopold, RA Wang, WB Harris, M McCombs, SD Peabody, NC Fisher, K TI Cryopreservation of Mediterranean fruit fly embryos SO CRYOLETTERS LA English DT Article DE vitrification; Tephritidae; Ceratitis capitata; medfly ID DROSOPHILA EMBRYOS; DIPTERA; CALLIPHORIDAE AB In this paper we present a procedure to cryopreserve the embryos of a tephritid, the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata), by vitrification. Developmental stages between 24 and 32 hours after oviposition were examined for tolerance to cryopreservation. Embryos, 27-hr-old and incubated at 29degreesC, were found to be at the most suitable stage for treatment. Effects of the previtrification steps of our protocol, dechorionation, permeabilization, cryoprotectant loading, and dehydration, on survival to hatching were also assessed. Dechorionation did not affect viability, while isopropanol and a hexane treatment used in the permeabilization step of the protocol reduced hatching by about 15%. This reduction was dependant on the amount of isopropyl alcohol carried over into the hexane rinse. The remaining previtrification steps reduced hatching by an additional 10%. After optimization of the procedure, normalized hatching was 44% after vitrification in liquid nitrogen vapor followed by storage under liquid nitrogen for a test period of 7 days. Post cryopreservation larval diets containing wheat bran, corncob grits, or agar as the base were examined for survival to pupation and emergence. A yield of 34% egg to adult emergence was obtained when the agar-based diet was used for rearing larvae that had experienced cryopreservation during the embryonic stage. C1 USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Entomol, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Via Cell, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. USDA, APHIS, Plant Protect Lab, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Rajamohan, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRYO LETTERS PI LONDON PA C/O ROYAL VETERINARY COLLEGE, ROYAL COLLEGE ST, LONDON NW1 0TU, ENGLAND SN 0143-2044 J9 CRYOLETTERS JI CryoLetters PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 BP 125 EP 132 PG 8 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA 686ZP UT WOS:000183351600009 PM 12819834 ER PT J AU Weiland, JJ AF Weiland, JJ TI Transformation of Pythium aphanidermatum to geneticin resistance SO CURRENT GENETICS LA English DT Article DE transformation; protoplast; electroporation; oomycete ID MEDIATED-INTEGRATION REMI; FLUORESCENT PROTEIN GFP; PHYTOPHTHORA-INFESTANS; PATHOGENICITY GENES; BETA-GLUCURONIDASE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; USTILAGO-MAYDIS; VITAL MARKER; DAMPING-OFF; EXPRESSION AB Conditions for the production of protoplasts and gene transfer in Pythium aphanidermatum were investigated. Efficient protoplast generation was possible after culture of mycelium in potato dextrose broth followed by digestion with 0.5% (w/v) each of cellulase and beta-D-glucanase. Plasmid pHAMT35N/SK encoding the nptII gene under control of the Ham34 promoter from the oomycete Bremia lactucae was used to define electroporation parameters for gene transfer. A square-wave electroporation pulse of 2500 V/cm at 50 muF capacitance reproducibly produced transformants, albeit at low efficiency (0.1-0.4 transformants from similar to10(5) regenerable protoplasts per microgram of DNA). Thirty-two independent transformants exhibited wild-type growth on potato dextrose agar amended with geneticin at 50 mug/ ml, a concentration that near completely inhibited the growth of untransformed P. aphanidermatum. Southern blot analysis indicated that transforming DNA was integrated into the oomycete genome and that the DNA was stably inherited through sporogenesis. Growth on geneticin-free media, the ability to form zoospores or oospores, and the ability to cause disease in sugarbeet seedlings in the laboratory were indistinguishable between a subset of the transformed isolates and the progenitor isolate 898B. Co-electroporation of pHAMT35N/SK with plasmid pACT-GUS encoding the Escherichia coli gusA gene controlled by oomycete transcriptional promoter and terminator sequences or with pEGFP encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein under the control of the immediate early promoter from the mammalian cytomegalovirus produced, respectively, stable beta-glucuronidase and transient expression of blue-green fluorescence. Application of the technique to studies on the biochemical basis for pathogenesis in this agriculturally important group of fungi is discussed. C1 USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Sugarbeet & Potato Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Weiland, JJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, No Crop Sci Lab, Sugarbeet & Potato Res Unit, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 41 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0172-8083 J9 CURR GENET JI Curr. Genet. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 42 IS 6 BP 344 EP 352 DI 10.1007/s00294-002-0359-y PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 666NA UT WOS:000182182300006 PM 12612808 ER PT J AU Purdy, CW Straus, DC Chirase, N Ayers, JR Hoover, MD AF Purdy, CW Straus, DC Chirase, N Ayers, JR Hoover, MD TI Effects of aerosolized dust in goats on lung clearance of Pasteurella and Mannheimia species SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSTHORACIC CHALLENGE EXPOSURE; NEURAMINIDASE PRODUCTION; BOVINE PNEUMONIA; HAEMOLYTICA; ENDOTOXIN; BACTERIA; CALVES AB The objective was to determine whether the inhalation of large quantities of feedyard dust predisposed the animals to pulmonary bacterial proliferation. Two control groups, C1 and C2, did not receive dust treatments, and two principal groups (P1 and P2) received a total of 14 dust treatments each. The CI and PI groups of goats each received a transthoracic challenge of live Mannheimia haemolytica (4 X 106 colony forming units, CFU) The C2 and P2 groups of goats each received a transthoracic challenge of live Pasteurella multocida (1.0 X 10(6) CFU/goat). The results showed that dusted animals had fever when compared with non-dusted controls. In addition, dusted animals demonstrated a leukocytosis with neutrophilia after the first dust treatment that was not sustainable. Finally, dusted animals demonstrated pulmonary clearance of two potential bacterial pathogens that was not significantly different from that shown by control (not dusted) animals. C1 USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Lubbock, TX 79403 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Texas Agr Expt Stn, Vet Diagnost Lab, Amarillo, TX 79406 USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Inhalat Toxicol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Purdy, CW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Conservat & Prod Res Lab, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012 USA. RI Hoover, Mark/I-4201-2012 OI Hoover, Mark/0000-0002-8726-8127 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 46 IS 3 BP 174 EP 179 DI 10.1007/s00284-002-3821-7 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 644LK UT WOS:000180919200004 PM 12567239 ER PT J AU Lin, J Barb, CR Kraeling, RR Rampacek, GB AF Lin, J Barb, CR Kraeling, RR Rampacek, GB TI Growth hormone releasing factor decreases long form leptin receptor expression in porcine anterior pituitary cells SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE growth hormone releasing factor (GRF); growth hormone (GH); leptin; leptin receptor; pituitary; pig ID GENE-EXPRESSION; GH SECRETION; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE; MESSENGER-RNA; FEED-INTAKE; LOCALIZATION; RAT; TISSUES; GHRELIN; BRAIN AB Pituitary cells from six pigs, 180-200 days of age, were studied in primary culture to determine if growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) affects long form leptin receptor (Ob-Rl) expression. On Day 4 of culture, 10(5) live cells per well were challenged with either 0, 10(-6), 10(-7) or 10(-8) M [Ala15]-hGRF-(1-29)NH2 (3 wells per treatment per pig). Secretion of growth hormone (GH) into the media and pituitary Ob-Rl mRNA expression were determined at 4 h after treatment. Media were analyzed for GH by radioimmunoassay, and total RNA was isolated from cells for determination of Ob-Rl expression by semi quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Basal GH concentration was 32+/-2ng per 10(5) cells per well (n=18 wells) for 4 h. Relative to control at 4 h, 10(-6), 10(-7) and 10(-8) M GRF increased (P<0.01) GH secretion by 151, 129 and 120%, but decreased (P<0.05) Ob-Rl expression by 32, 50 and 38%, respectively. These results indicate that GRF directly modulates Ob-Rl expression at the level of the pituitary, and thereby playing a role in regulating pituitary sensitivity to leptin. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Barb, CR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 33 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 BP 95 EP 101 AR PII S0739-7240(02)00209-6 DI 10.1016/S0739-7240(02)00209-6 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 648JH UT WOS:000181147300001 PM 12586311 ER PT J AU Burrin, DG Stoll, B Guan, X AF Burrin, DG Stoll, B Guan, X TI Glucagon-like peptide 2 function in domestic animals SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Review DE GLP-1; enteroglucagon; intestine; nutrition; neonatal; weaning; gut growth factor; pig ID PROGLUCAGON-DERIVED PEPTIDE; CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; SMALL-BOWEL RESECTION; INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL PROLIFERATION; DEPENDENT INSULINOTROPIC PEPTIDE; CELL-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; PERFUSED RAT ILEUM; CANINE L-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VIVO AB Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) is a member of family of peptides derived from the proglucagon gene expressed in the intestines, pancreas and brain. Tissue-specific posttranslational processing of proglucagon leads to GLP-2 and GLP-1 secretion from the intestine and glucagon secretion from the pancreas. GLP-2 and GLP-1 are co-secreted from the enteroendocrine L-cells located in distal intestine in response to enteral nutrient ingestion, especially carbohydrate and fat. GLP-2 secretion is mediated by direct nutrient stimulation of the L-cells and indirect action from enteroendocrine and neural inputs, including GIP, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and the vagus nerve. GLP-2 is secreted as a 33-amino acid peptide and is rapidly cleaved by dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP-IV) to a truncated peptide which acts as a weak agonist with competitive antagonistic properties. GLP-2 acts to enhance nutrient absorption by inhibiting gastric motility and secretion and stimulating nutrient transport. GLP-2 also suppresses food intake when infused centrally. The trophic actions of GLP-2 are specific for the intestine and occur via stimulation of crypt cell proliferation and suppression of apoptosis in mucosal epithelial cells. GLP-2 reduces gut permeability, bacterial translocation and proinflammatory cytokine expression under conditions of intestinal inflammation and injury. The effects of GLP-2 are mediated by a G-protein-linked receptor that is localized to the intestinal mucosa and hypothalamus. The intestinal localization of the GLP-2R to neural and endocrine cells, but not enterocytes, suggests that its actions are mediated indirectly via a secondary signaling mechanism. The implications of GLP-2 in domestic animal production are largely unexplored. However, GLP-2 may have therapeutic application in treatment of gastrointestinal injury and diarrheal diseases that occur in developing neonatal and weanling animals. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Burrin, DG (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD33920] NR 161 TC 52 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 BP 103 EP 122 AR PII S0739-7240(02)00210-2 DI 10.1016/S0739-7240(02)00210-2 PG 20 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 648JH UT WOS:000181147300002 PM 12586312 ER PT J AU Myers, MJ Farrell, DE Evock-Clover, CM Steele, NC AF Myers, MJ Farrell, DE Evock-Clover, CM Steele, NC TI Long-term recombinant porcine somatotropin (PST) treatment mitigates the responses to subchronic lipopolysaccharide in swine SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat shock protein 70; urea nitrogen; insulin; glucose; aspartate transaminase ID ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; GROWING PIGS; RECURRENT ENDOTOXEMIA; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; GROWTH-PERFORMANCE; DIETARY-PROTEIN; CHALLENGE; TOLERANCE; IMMUNE; METABOLITES AB The effect of multiple lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenges in swine undergoing long-term treatment with porcine somatotropin (PST) was determined. Changes in aspartate serine transaminase (AST) occurred only at 24 It following the first LPS challenge dose (P<0.05), while PST treatment moderated any change from occurring. Nonesterified free fatty acid (NEFA) levels were elevated in PST treated animals for the first 3 days following daily LPS treatment (P<0.05), while LPS treatment alone had no effect on plasma NEFA levels. Plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) levels were unchanged by LPS following the initial LPS challenge, but were decreased following the second challenge dose (P=0.014). These changes were long lasting, with a return to normal PUN levels not evident until Day 6. The PST treatment mitigated changes in PUN (P<0.05) when LPS was administered. Haptoglobin plasma levels, along with lipid peroxide production were not affected by LPS challenge or PST administration. LPS challenge reduced the levels of immunoreactive heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) throughout the entire challenge period (P<0.001). PST-LPS animals had normal levels of this protein. The results of the present study demonstrate that long-term PST treatment mitigates the adverse effects of subchronic LPS administration. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US FDA, Div Anim Res, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Myers, MJ (reprint author), US FDA, Div Anim Res, Ctr Vet Med, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0739-7240 J9 DOMEST ANIM ENDOCRIN JI Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 BP 155 EP 170 DI 10.1016/S0739-7240(02)00234-5 PG 16 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Agriculture; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 648JH UT WOS:000181147300005 PM 12586315 ER PT J AU Polley, HW Wilsey, BJ Derner, JD AF Polley, HW Wilsey, BJ Derner, JD TI Do species evenness and plant density influence the magnitude of selection and complementarity effects in annual plant species mixtures? SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE above-ground biomass; dominance; negative interactions; net biodiversity effect; niche differentiation; primary productivity; species diversity; species evenness; species richness ID BIODIVERSITY EXPERIMENTS; ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; DIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; COMPETITION; ECOLOGY; GRASSLANDS; RICHNESS; DESIGNS; MODEL AB Plant species richness influences primary productivity via mechanisms that (1) favour species with particular traits (selection effect) and (2) promote niche differentiation between species (complementarity). Influences of species evenness, plant density and other properties of plant communities on productivity are poorly defined, but may depend on whether selection or complementarity prevails in species mixtures. We predicted that selection effects are insensitive to species evenness but increase with plant density, and that the converse is true for complementarity. To test predictions, we grew three species of annuals in monocultures and in three-species mixtures in which evenness of established plants was varied at each of three plant densities in a cultivated field in Texas, USA. Above-ground biomass was smaller in mixtures than expected from monocultures because of negative 'complementarity' and a negative selection effect. Neither selection nor complementarity varied with species evenness, but selection effects increased at the greatest plant density as predicted. C1 ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Bot, Ames, IA 50012 USA. ARS, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, USDA, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RP Polley, HW (reprint author), ARS, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, USDA, Temple, TX 76502 USA. OI Wilsey, Brian J./0000-0002-0628-5006 NR 32 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 5 U2 39 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 6 IS 3 BP 248 EP 256 DI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00422.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 650PG UT WOS:000181272100013 ER PT J AU Yeakley, JA Coleman, DC Haines, BL Kloeppel, BD Meyer, JL Swank, WT Argo, BW Deal, JM Taylor, SF AF Yeakley, JA Coleman, DC Haines, BL Kloeppel, BD Meyer, JL Swank, WT Argo, BW Deal, JM Taylor, SF TI Hillslope nutrient dynamics following upland riparian vegetation disturbance SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE biogeochemistry; dissolved organic carbon; hillslope hydrology; nutrient uptake; soilwater chemistry; southern Appalachian mountains; streamwater quality; vegetation removal; watershed management; windthrow ID FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; RHODODENDRON-MAXIMUM; SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS; SOIL; NITROGEN; STREAM; INTERFACES; CHEMISTRY; SAMPLES; BUDGETS AB We investigated the effects of removing near-stream Rhododendron and of the natural blowdown of canopy trees on nutrient export to streams in the southern Appalachians. Transects were instrumented on adjacent hillslopes in a first-order watershed at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (35degrees03'N, 83degrees25'W). Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NO3--N, NH4+-N, PO43--P, and SO42- were measured for 2 years prior to disturbance. In August 1995, riparian Rhododendron on one hillslope was cut, removing 30% of total woody biomass. In October 1995, Hurricane Opal uprooted nine canopy trees on the other hillslope, downing 81% of the total woody biomass. Over the 3 years following the disturbance, soilwater concentrations of NO3--N tripled on the cut hillslope. There were also small changes in soilwater DOC, SO42-, Ca2+, and Mg2+. However, no significant changes occurred in groundwater nutrient concentrations following Rhododendron removal. In contrast, soilwater NO3--N on the storm-affected hillslope showed persistent 500-fold increases, groundwater NO3--N increased fourfold, and streamwater NO3--N doubled. Significant changes also occurred in soilwater pH, DOC, SO42-, Ca2+, and Mg2+. There were no significant changes in microbial immobilization of soil nutrients or water outflow on the storm-affected hillslope. Our results suggest that Rhododendron thickets play a relatively minor role in controlling nutrient export to headwater streams. They further suggest that nutrient uptake by canopy trees is a key control on NO3--N export in upland riparian zones, and that disruption of the root-soil connection in canopy trees via uprooting promotes significant nutrient loss to streams. C1 Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Yeakley, JA (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Portland, OR 97207 USA. OI Coleman, David/0000-0003-0390-1501 NR 44 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 18 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR PY 2003 VL 6 IS 2 BP 154 EP 167 DI 10.1007/s10021-002-0116-6 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 661TC UT WOS:000181905000005 ER PT J AU Feder, I Wallace, FM Gray, JT Fratamico, P Fedorka-Cray, PJ Pearce, RA Call, JE Perrine, R Luchansky, JB AF Feder, I Wallace, FM Gray, JT Fratamico, P Fedorka-Cray, PJ Pearce, RA Call, JE Perrine, R Luchansky, JB TI Isolation of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 from intact colon fecal samples of swine SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FOOD; CATTLE; FECES AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 was recovered from colon fecal samples of pigs. Polymerase chain reaction confirmed two genotypes: isolates harboring the eaeA, stx(1), and stx(2) genes and isolates harboring the eaeA, six(1), and hly(933) genes. We demonstrate that swine in the United States can harbor potentially pathogenic E coli O157:H7. C1 USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Dept Agr, Athens, GA USA. Natl Food Ctr, Dublin, Ireland. RP Feder, I (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 14 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2003 VL 9 IS 3 BP 380 EP 383 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 654QN UT WOS:000181507700017 PM 12643837 ER PT J AU Day, WH Eaton, AT Romig, RF Tilmon, KJ Mayer, M Dorsey, T AF Day, WH Eaton, AT Romig, RF Tilmon, KJ Mayer, M Dorsey, T TI Peristenus digoneutis (Hymenoptera : Braconidae), a parasite of Lygus lineolaris (Hemiptera : Miridae) in Northeastern United States alfalfa, and the need for research on other crops SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Article DE Peristenus digoneutis; Hymenoptera; Braconidae; Lygus lineolaris; Hemiptera; Miridae; alfalfa ID TARNISHED PLANT BUG; HETEROPTERA; INJURY AB The tarnished plant bug (TPB), Lygus lineolaris (Palisot), damages a wide variety of important crops in North America. Peristenus digoneutis Loan, a European parasite established to provide biological control of this plant bug, has reduced TPB numbers in alfalfa for ten years. Damage to apple fruit in New Hampshire during the same time period has been reduced by 63%, and it appears that biological control is responsible for this decrease. Moderate to high parasitism rates by P. digoneutis have also been observed in strawberries, vetch, red clover, and weeds. P. digoneutis is dispersing on its own, and has been found in 62 counties in eight states, and in Canada. Additional research is needed on the parasitism of L. lineolaris on apples and other crops, and on movement of the parasite into new areas. C1 USDA, BIRL, Newark, DE 19713 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Plant Biol, Durham, NH 03824 USA. W Chester State Univ, W Chester, PA USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Entomol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. New Jersey Dept Agr, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. RP Day, WH (reprint author), USDA, BIRL, 501 S Chapel St, Newark, DE 19713 USA. EM wday@biir.ars.usda.gov NR 18 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 114 IS 2 BP 105 EP 111 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 835AX UT WOS:000222453100008 ER PT J AU Gobster, PH Palmer, JF Crystal, JH AF Gobster, PH Palmer, JF Crystal, JH TI Ervin H. Zube (1931-2002) - The significance and impact of his contributions to environment-behavior studies SO ENVIRONMENT AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Biographical-Item DE Ervin Zube; environment-behavior research; biography; landscape perception; research significance AB Ervin H. Zube was a primary force among environment-behavior researchers, particularly those who helped develop the area of landscape perception and assessment. In this commemorative essay, the authors highlight some of Zube's significant contributions to environment-behavior studies and identify a set of his publications that has had an impact on the field. In particular, they examine how Zube, Sell, and Taylor's article "Landscape Perception: Research, Application and Theory" has helped shape subsequent research in landscape perception and suggest how environment-behavior researchers might build on its achievements. C1 US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Landscape Architecture Program, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. USDI, Natl Pk Serv, Denver Serv Ctr, Lakewood, CO USA. RP Gobster, PH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, N Cent Res Stn, USDA, 1033 Univ Pl,Suite 360, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RI Gobster, Paul/A-2826-2013 OI Gobster, Paul/0000-0002-8576-0310 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0013-9165 J9 ENVIRON BEHAV JI Environ. Behav. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 35 IS 2 BP 165 EP 186 DI 10.1177/0013916502250131 PG 22 WC Environmental Studies; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Psychology GA 645DM UT WOS:000180961000001 ER PT J AU Shipitalo, MJ Owens, LB AF Shipitalo, MJ Owens, LB TI Atrazine, deethylatrazine, and deisopropylatrazine in surface runoff from conservation tilled watersheds SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; HERBICIDES; MIDWESTERN; TRANSPORT; TILLAGE; METABOLITES; PESTICIDES; EXPOSURE; LOSSES; FROGS AB Atrazine and two of its metabolites, deethylatrazine (DEA) and deisopropylatrazine (DIA), are frequently detected in surface runoff. Although their health and environmental effects may be similar to that of atrazine and ratios of their concentrations are useful in delineating sources of contamination, there have been few long-term studies of the factors affecting their losses in runoff. Therefore, losses of atrazine, DEA, and DIA were monitored for six years in runoff from seven small (0.45-0.79 ha) watersheds under three tillage practices. Weather year and the timing of runoff-producing rainfall had a greater effect on atrazine, DEA, and DIA concentrations and losses than did tillage practice. DEA was the most frequently detected metabolite with an average concentration in the year of atrazine application, of 2.5 mug L-1 compared to 0.7 mug L-1 for DIA. Atrazine exceeded its 3 mug L-I maximum contaminant level (MCL) up to 100 days after application. DEA and DIA exceeded the atrazine MCL up to 50 days after atrazine application; thus, failure to monitor their presence may result in underestimation of the environmental impact of atrazine usage. The molar concentration ratio of DEA to atrazine (DAR) was affected by tillage treatment, weather year, and possibly soil type. These factors may need to be taken into account when DAR is used as an index of atrazine movement. The ratio of DIA to DEA OR) was fairly constant and should be useful in determining the parent compounds contributing DIA to surface waters. C1 USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Shipitalo, MJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. OI Shipitalo, Martin/0000-0003-4775-7345 NR 20 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2003 VL 37 IS 5 BP 944 EP 950 DI 10.1021/es020870b PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 650HY UT WOS:000181258600035 PM 12666925 ER PT J AU Tovar-Mendez, A Miernyk, JA Randall, DD AF Tovar-Mendez, A Miernyk, JA Randall, DD TI Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity in plant cells SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE complex; chloroplast; enzymology; localization; metabolic regulation; mitochondria; phosphorylation ID PEA-LEAF MITOCHONDRIA; S-ACETYLTRANSFERASE SUBUNIT; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; ACETYL-COENZYME-A; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; LIPOAMIDE DEHYDROGENASE; PARASITIC NEMATODE; ASCARIS-SUUM; DIHYDROLIPOAMIDE DEHYDROGENASE; GLYCINE DECARBOXYLASE AB The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is subjected to multiple interacting levels of control in plant cells. The first level is subcellular compartmentation. Plant cells are unique in having two distinct, spatially separated forms of the PDC; mitochondrial (mtPDC) and plastidial (plPDC). The mtPDC is the site of carbon entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle, while the plPDC provides acetyl-CoA and NADH for de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. The second level of regulation of PDC activity is the control of gene expression. The genes encoding the subunits of the mt- and plPDCs are expressed following developmental programs, and are additionally subject to physiological and environmental cues. Thirdly, both the mt- and plPDCs are sensitive to product inhibition, and, potentially, to metabolite effectors. Finally, the two different forms of the complex are regulated by distinct organelle-specific mechanisms. Activity of the mtPDC is regulated by reversible phosphorylation catalyzed by intrinsic kinase and phosphatase components. An additional level of sensitivity is provided by metabolite control of the kinase activity. The plPDC is not regulated by reversible phosphorylation. Instead, activity is controlled to a large extent by the physical environment that exists in the plastid stroma. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO USA. RP Miernyk, JA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 108 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 63 TC 135 Z9 141 U1 0 U2 36 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0014-2956 J9 EUR J BIOCHEM JI Eur. J. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 270 IS 6 BP 1043 EP 1049 DI 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03469.x PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 655JX UT WOS:000181549200003 PM 12631264 ER PT J AU Deahl, KL Pagani, MC Vilaro, FL Perez, FM Moravec, B Cooke, LR AF Deahl, KL Pagani, MC Vilaro, FL Perez, FM Moravec, B Cooke, LR TI Characteristics of Phytophthora infestans isolates from Uruguay SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allozymes; mating type; metalaxyl sensitivity; mitochondrial DNA haplotype; potato late blight ID GENETIC-STRUCTURE; POPULATION; ECUADOR; DNA AB Isolates of Phytophthora infestans were obtained from late blighted plants from several potato-growing regions of Uruguay in 1998 and 1999. Of these, 25 representative isolates ( 4 from 1998, 21 from 1999) from the main potato-growing areas of the country, were characterised in terms of mating type, metalaxyl resistance, allozyme genotype, mitochondrial haplotype, RG57 fingerprint ( 1999 isolates only) and pathotype. All isolates proved to be A2 mating type, monomorphic and homozygous at the loci coding for glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and peptidase (Gpi 100/100, Pep 100/100) and to possess mitochondrial haplotype IIa. Metalaxyl-resistant isolates constituted 92% of the total. All the 1999 isolates possessed the same RG57 fingerprint, which was that previously reported as associated with the clonal lineage BR-1 from Brazil and Bolivia, which is also A2, Gpi 100/100, Pep 100/100. Most of the isolates displayed broad-spectrum virulence and five carried virulence to 10 of the 11 R genes tested despite the absence of R genes in commercially grown potato cultivars. It was concluded that the Uruguayan P. infestans isolates resembled isolates from neighbouring South American countries, notably Brazil, and belong to the new populations of the pathogen now predominant in many countries. C1 ARS, USDA, PSI, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. INIA, Canelones 90200, Uruguay. Queens Univ Belfast, Fac Sci & Agr, Dept Appl Plant Sci, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Deahl, KL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, PSI, Vegetable Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM deahlk@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 21 TC 6 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-1873 J9 EUR J PLANT PATHOL JI Eur. J. Plant Pathol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 109 IS 3 BP 277 EP 281 DI 10.1023/A:1022825907389 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 657WB UT WOS:000181688400008 ER PT J AU Branson, DH AF Branson, DH TI Effects of a parasite mite on life-history variation in two grasshopper species SO EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Eutrombidium locustorum; Melanoplus sanguinipes; parasitism; reproductive allocation ID SNAIL POTAMOPYRGUS-ANTIPODARUM; HOST REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT; LACERTA-VIVIPARA; COMMON LIZARD; TRAITS; COMPETITION; GRASSLAND; DYNAMICS; SURVIVAL AB Parasites often have large effects on the life-history patterns of their hosts. There is a need to examine how observed life-history patterns of parasitized organisms under field conditions fit theoretical predictions. I conducted a field experiment to examine the effects of an ectoparasitic grasshopper mite on survival and reproductive allocation in two grasshoppers with different life-history characteristics, Melanoplus sanguinipes and Ageneotettix deorum. Proportional survival was lower in mite-parasitized A. deorum during the period of mite parasitism, but not in M. sanguinipes. As predicted in response to a short-lived parasite, females in both species had reduced initial and total reproduction. Egg production declined by 39-44% with mite parasitism in the two species of grasshoppers studied. Parasitized females of both species completed development of a lower percentage of ovarioles initiating development. Future reproduction of A deorum females was unaffected by parasitism. However, future reproduction of parasitized M. sanguinipes remained lower at the end of the experiment, indicating parasitism had an effect on reproduction up to 40 days after mite parasites left M. sanguinipes females. There were no interactions between population density and mite parasitism on reproductive allocation or survival in M sanguinipes. Parasitized females of both species appeared to differentially allocate resources in response to parasitism. The reduced reproduction in parasitized individuals probably resulted from the inability of grasshoppers to increase resource intake to compensate for the direct or indirect costs of parasitism. C1 Utah State Univ, Ctr Ecol, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Branson, DH (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1500 N Cent Ave, Sidney, MT 59270 USA. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD PI TUCSON PA UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1522-0613 J9 EVOL ECOL RES JI Evol. Ecol. Res. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 5 IS 3 BP 397 EP 409 PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 653NG UT WOS:000181442500006 ER PT J AU Mihelcic, N Hanula, JL Debarr, GL AF Mihelcic, N Hanula, JL Debarr, GL TI Pathogenic microorganisms associated with the Southern pine coneworm (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) attacking loblolly pine SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE loblolly pine; Pinus taeda; Dioryctria amatella; pathogens; microsporidia; granulosis virus; Beauveria bassiana ID NOSEMA-PYRAUSTA; MICROSPORIDIUM; INSECT AB Larvae of the Southern pine coneworm, Dioryctria amatella (Hulst) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), were collected monthly during the growing seasons of 1996 and 1997 from loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., seed orchards in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and Virginia, and examined for pathogenic microorganisms. One fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill, a granulosis virus (Baculoviridae: Eubaculovirinae), and a protozoan (phylum Microspora) were found. Five larvae from three localities were infected with B. bassiana, 37 larvae from six localities were infected with the granulosis virus, and 69 larvae from 5 locations were infected with the microsporidian. Laboratory trials confirmed that B. bassiana and the granulosis virus caused coneworm. mortality. B. bassiana isolates from all three locations were equally virulent to late instar larvae. Spores of the unidentified microsporidian are free, elongate oval, binucleate and contain 13-14 turns of an isofilar polar filament. The primary sites of infection were the Malpighian tubules and the silk glands. The microsporidian was found in 2 to 51% of larvae sampled. It caused 100% mortality in early instar larvae allowed to feed on artificial diet contaminated with 3 x 10(3) or 4.5 x 10(3) spores. More work is needed to determine the importance of these pathogens in regulating populations of southern pine coneworms or their potential utility in an IPM program. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Hanula, JL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, 320 Green St, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 86 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0001:PMAWTS]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 669RR UT WOS:000182364700001 ER PT J AU Barry, JD Shelly, TE McInnis, DO Morse, JG AF Barry, JD Shelly, TE McInnis, DO Morse, JG TI Potential for reducing overflooding ratios of sterile Mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) with the use of ginger root oil SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE sterile insect technique; Ceratitis capitata; mating behavior; alpha-copaene ID CERATITIS-CAPITATA DIPTERA; ENHANCES MATING SUCCESS; ALPHA-COPAENE; FLY DIPTERA; INSECT TECHNIQUE; FIELD CAGES; HAWAII; SUPPRESSION; EXPOSURE; RELEASE AB The mating behavior of sterile, laboratory-reared, male Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), was evaluated in field-cage mating competition tests with wild flies after exposing the laboratory males to ginger root oil extract. Without exposure to ginger root oil, sterile males obtained 12.6%, 69.0%, and 72.8% of the total matings with wild females when present in 1:1, 5:1, and 10:1 ratios of sterile males to wild males, respectively. Sterile males, exposed to ginger root oil for 3 h, 1 d before mating trials, in a 1:1 ratio with wild males, achieved 62.3% of the matings with wild females. These data suggest that exposure to ginger oil can elevate sterile male mating competitiveness to a similar degree as elevated ratios of sterile to wild males. Incorporating the use of ginger root oil extract into sterile release programs may thus increase the effectiveness of the sterile insect technique, and/or allow a reduction in the number of sterile flies that are released. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Hawaii, HAwaiian Evolutionary Biol Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. ARS, USDA, PBARC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Barry, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 86 IS 1 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0029:PFRORO]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 669RR UT WOS:000182364700004 ER PT J AU Lopez, M Sivinski, J Rendon, P Holler, T Bloem, K Copeland, R Trostle, M Aluja, M AF Lopez, M Sivinski, J Rendon, P Holler, T Bloem, K Copeland, R Trostle, M Aluja, M TI Colonization of Fopius ceratitivorus, a newly discovered African egg-pupal parasitoid (Hymenoptera : Braconidae) of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE biological control; mass-rearing; medfly ID LONGICAUDATA ASHMEAD HYMENOPTERA; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; LARVAL-PUPAL; FRUIT-FLY; ANASTREPHA; MEXICO; COFFEE AB Fopius ceratitivorus Wharton is a recently discovered braconid parasitoid of the Mediterranean fruit fly (= medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wied.). Unlike other parasitoids previously used in medfly biological control, F. ceratitivorus was originally collected from medfly in its purported region of origin, east Africa. Shipments of Ceratitis spp. pupae from Kenya to a newly constructed quarantine facility in Guatemala yielded both F. ceratitivorus and its congener F. caudatus (Szepligeti). Only the former species was successfully colonized through the use of medfly infested coffee berries. In the process of colonization it was determined that F. ceratitivorus oviposited into the eggs and recently hatched larvae of medflies and completed development in the hosts' puparia. This is a relatively rare behavior among fruit fly parasitoids and, because tephritid eggs near the surface of fruits are particularly vulnerable to attack, one that might contribute to its success as a biological control agent. C1 Lab Aurora, Programa MOSCAMED, Guatemala City 01013, Guatemala. ARS, USDA, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. USDA, APHIS, PPQ, CPHST, Guatemala City 01013, Guatemala. USDA, APHIS, PPQ CPHST, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Ctr Biol Control, USDA, APHIS,PPQ,CPHST,NBCI, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Int Ctr Insect Physiol & Ecol, Nairobi, Kenya. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Inst Ecol AC, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, Mexico. RP Lopez, M (reprint author), Lab Aurora, Programa MOSCAMED, Ave Hincapie & 18 Calle Zona 13, Guatemala City 01013, Guatemala. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 86 IS 1 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0053:COFCAN]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 669RR UT WOS:000182364700008 ER PT J AU LaPointe, SL AF LaPointe, SL TI Leguminous cover crops and their interactions with citrus and Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE citrus; Diaprepes abbreviatus; cover crops; perennial peanut; Arachis pintoi; pigeon pea; Cajanus cajan; Crotalaria pallida ID PEST-MANAGEMENT AB Three legume species with potential as cover crops in citrus groves were studied for their effect on the developmental biology of the Diaprepes root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) in greenhouse studies. All 3 cover crops were hosts for the Diaprepes root weevil. Cajanus cajan (pigeon pea) was a superior host for development of D. abbreviatus compared with citrus rootstocks. C. cajan appeared to be allelopathic; the root mass of uninfested citrus was greatly reduced when grown in association with C. cajan compared with citrus grown alone. Association of citrus with C. cajan or Arachis pintoi (perennial peanut) reduced chlorophyll fluorescence, a measure of photosynthesis, compared with citrus associated with Crotalaria pallida (rattlebox) or with another citrus seedling. When grown in close association with A. pintoi, citrus produced the same amount of root mass as citrus seedlings grown alone. Infestation with larval D. abbreviatus reduced chlorophyll fluorescence of citrus by 26%. None of the 3 legume species tested reduced the feeding damage caused by D. abbreviatus to citrus. Larvae reared in pots with A. pintoi, associated with citrus or alone, gained weight at the same rate as larvae reared on the citrus rootstocks alone. Larvae recovered from pots containing C. pallida associated with citrus weighed significantly more than larvae reared on citrus alone. C. cajan appears to be particularly inappropriate as a cover crop because of its positive effect on larval growth and reduction of citrus root mass. None of the 3 legume species tested had a negative effect on D. abbreviatus or on feeding damage. C1 ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RP LaPointe, SL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Hort Res Lab, 2001 S Rock Rd, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 86 IS 1 BP 80 EP 85 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0080:LCCATI]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 669RR UT WOS:000182364700011 ER PT J AU Tipping, PW Center, TD AF Tipping, PW Center, TD TI Cyrtobagous salviniae (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) successfully overwinters in Texas and Louisiana SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID WEED SALVINIA; MOLESTA C1 ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Tipping, PW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 86 IS 1 BP 92 EP 93 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0092:CSCCSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 669RR UT WOS:000182364700014 ER PT J AU Vogt, JT Harsh, DK AF Vogt, JT Harsh, DK TI A simple device to assist with pitfall trap sampling SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article C1 ARS, USDA, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. ARS, USDA, Biol Control & Mass Rearing Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Vogt, JT (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Biol Control Pests Res Unit, POB 67, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 86 IS 1 BP 94 EP 95 DI 10.1653/0015-4040(2003)086[0094:ASDTAW]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 669RR UT WOS:000182364700015 ER PT J AU Ross, RJ Yang, VW Illman, BL Nelson, WJ AF Ross, RJ Yang, VW Illman, BL Nelson, WJ TI Relationship between stress wave transmission time and bending strength of deteriorated oriented strandboard SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Stress wave nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technologies are used in the inspection of timber structures and frequently complement visual inspection procedures. Inspectors use stress wave NDE techniques to locate internal voids and decayed or deteriorated areas in large timbers. Although those techniques have proven useful in inspections, no information exists concerning the relationship between stress wave transmission time and important residual strength properties of oriented strandboard (OSB) that has been exposed to decay fungi. We examined the relationship between stress wave transmission time and bending strength of OSB subjected to brown-rot decay fungi. Stress wave transmission time was measured on small OSB specimens that had been exposed to brown-rot decay fungi for up to 11 weeks. Static bending tests were then performed on the specimens. A strong relationship was observed between stress wave transmission time and residual bending strength. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Ross, RJ (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 3 BP 33 EP 35 PG 3 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 658MY UT WOS:000181725800005 ER PT J AU Wang, JX McNeel, J Baumgras, J AF Wang, JX McNeel, J Baumgras, J TI A computer-based time study system for timber harvesting operations SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB A computer-based time study system was developed for timber harvesting operations. Object-oriented techniques were used to model and design the system. The front-end of the time study system resides on the MS Windows CE and the back-end is supported by MS Access. The system consists of three major components: a handheld system, data transfer interface, and data storage. The design module on the handheld is used to design harvesting functions and variables for different types of machines, sites, and stands. The data collection module also resides in the handheld system and is used to collect time, motion, and other data for harvesting machines in the woods. The interface module of data transfer is used to transfer field data from handheld to the main data storage on a desktop PC. This module resides on a desktop PC and allows the user to manipulate and export the data collected in the field. Results from field tests indicate that this system can provide accurate and reliable time study data of logging operations. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Sta, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Wang, JX (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 3 BP 47 EP 53 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 658MY UT WOS:000181725800009 ER PT J AU Luppold, W Bumgardner, M AF Luppold, W Bumgardner, M TI What is low-value and/or low-grade hardwood? SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID RED OAK LUMBER; PARTS; LOGS AB The utilization of low-value and low-grade hardwood material is a recurrent concern in forest products research. This paper clarifies and expands on this topic and provides a framework to help researchers isolate specific researchable problems in this area and to discuss potential products that might be produced from this resource. Although low-value and low-grade issues often are interrelated, these terms represent two distinct concepts. Low-value is an economic concept, i.e., a product is low-value when the market determines the price of that product is low relative to similar products. Low-grade is a physical concept; a product grade is based upon an agreed on protocol (grading system) that classifies material into a quantitative group. At the beginning of the market chain, low-value and low-grade material consists of trees not considered growing stock and sawtimber trees of Grades 4 and 5. These trees have been utilized historically for industrial products such as pallets and pulpwood. More recently, they have been used increasingly in the manufacture of engineered wood products. Grade 3 trees and their subsequent logs are by far the most plentiful and expanding portion of the hardwood resource and yield proportionally large volumes of lower grade lumber. Since it is economically inefficient to process such logs at mills designed to gain maximum grade yield from high-grade logs, a process that directly transforms them into dimension parts might be an option. Although considerable research has been completed on utilization of low-grade hardwood lumber, such research needs to continue. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. RP Luppold, W (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 241 Mercer Springs Rd, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 3 BP 54 EP 59 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 658MY UT WOS:000181725800010 ER PT J AU Wang, WL Gardner, DJ Baumann, MGD AF Wang, WL Gardner, DJ Baumann, MGD TI Factors affecting volatile organic compound emissions during hot-pressing of southern pine particleboard SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FORMALDEHYDE AB Three types of adhesives, urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin, phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin, and polymeric methylene bis(phenyl isocyanate) (pMDI) were used to bond particleboard during the investigation of the effect of hot-pressing variables on volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. The variables examined included press temperature, press time, mat moisture content, resin content, and panel density. The VOCs emitted during particleboard hot-pressing with southern pine furnish were collected with two chilled scrubbers filled with water and methylene chloride, respectively. The solution in the aqueous scrubber was analyzed for formaldehyde using a colorimetric method. The other VOCs contained in the scrubbers were extracted with methylene chloride and characterized and quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Formaldehyde emissions were significantly affected by press temperature and press time for panels pressed with all three adhesives. For panels pressed with both UF and PF resins, mat moisture content significantly affected formaldehyde emission, but mat resin content and panel density did not have a significant effect on formaldehyde emissions. Formaldehyde emissions correlated well with the amount of water vapor collected for panels pressed with UF and pMDI, but not for panels pressed with PF resin. An additive in the PF resin decreased formaldehyde emissions during pressing of panels with PF, so that pressing panels with the PF resin yielded lower formaldehyde emissions than pressing with pMDI resin. Other compounds emitted during pressing were terpenes and their derivatives, lower molecular weight aldehydes, ketones, and some high boiling point linear alkanes. The emissions of high molecular weight VOCs (HMwVOC [defined as compounds with boiling points greater than 40degreesC]) were significantly affected by press temperature for all three adhesive types, and by press time for the UF and PF resins. Moisture content also significantly increased HMwVOC emissions for pMDI. While application of UF and PF to the wood furnish did not significantly affect HMwVOC emissions, application of pMDI caused a significant decrease in HMwVOC emissions. Changes in pinene emissions with press conditions were similar to the changes seen in HMwVOC emissions. C1 Univ Maine, Adv Engineered Wood Composite Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Wang, WL (reprint author), Univ Maine, Adv Engineered Wood Composite Ctr, Orono, ME 04469 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 3 BP 65 EP 72 PG 8 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 658MY UT WOS:000181725800012 ER PT J AU Thomas, E Buehlmann, U AF Thomas, E Buehlmann, U TI Performance review of the ROMI-RIP rough mill simulator SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MACHINE VISION; FURNITURE; LUMBER AB The USDA Forest Service's ROMI-RIP version 2.0 (RR2) rough mill rip-first simulation program was validated in a recent study The validation study found that when RR2 was set to search for optimum yield without considering actual rough mill strip solutions, it produced yields that were as much as 7 percent higher (71.1% versus 64.0%) than the actual rough mill. However, since rough mills are starting to use lower lumber grades for dimension part production, the benefits of overall optimization, as used in RR2, could be higher. This study focuses on the potential of the RR2 software to achieve better yields than actual mills. Knowing the yield improvement possible when using computerized lumber cut-up decision making will enable rough mill managers to assess the economic feasibility of spending hundreds of thousands of dollars for vision systems and related equipment for the rough mill of the future. A significant potential exists for saving lumber and decreasing production cost by using modem, computerized yield optimization software. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Wood & Paper Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Thomas, E (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forestry Sci Lab, 241 Mercer Springs Rd, Princeton, WV 24740 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 3 BP 80 EP 85 PG 6 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 658MY UT WOS:000181725800014 ER PT J AU McKenzie, D Peterson, DW Peterson, DL AF McKenzie, D Peterson, DW Peterson, DL TI Modelling conifer species distributions in mountain forests of Washington State, USA SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IUFRO Silviculture Conference on Mountian Forests: Conservation and Management CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2002 CL VERNON, CANADA DE conifer species; mountain forests; generalized linear models; unimodal response; limiting factors ID COMPLEX TERRAIN; VEGETATION; CLIMATE; WATER AB Understanding the effects of climatic change on mountain forests, where snowpacks and short growing seasons limit tree establishment and growth, is a key concern for both ecologists and foresters. We quantified associations between climatic and biophysical variables and individual conifer species distributions in mountain forests with generalized linear models. For the majority of species, a unimodal response to moisture and temperature gradients was evident, suggesting that an environmental niche can be identified. Species known to respond to limiting factors in the abiotic environment showed the strongest associations with predictor variables. The models can improve forecasts of the potential redistribution of species on the landscape in response to climatic change, but disturbance, migration rates. and limits on regeneration are important sources of uncertainty. Nevertheless, by identifying climate-based niches of different species, we can identify effective strategies for reforestation and alert managers to particularly sensitive or vulnerable ecosystems and landscapes. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle Forestry Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee Forestry Sci Lab, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP McKenzie, D (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle Forestry Sci Lab, 400 N 34th St,Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RI Peterson, David/B-1105-2008 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI OTTAWA PA 151 SLATER ST, STE 606, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5H3, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 79 IS 2 BP 253 EP 258 PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 681KU UT WOS:000183036000041 ER PT J AU Elman, E Peterson, DL AF Elman, E Peterson, DL TI Post-harvest regeneration of montane Abies amabilis forests in northern Washington, USA SO FORESTRY CHRONICLE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IUFRO Silviculture Conference on Mountian Forests: Conservation and Management CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2002 CL VERNON, CANADA DE Abies amabilis; forest regeneration; subalpine forest ID SEEDLINGS; GROWTH AB The effects of regeneration treatments on current stand composition were analyzed in a high-elevation forest approximately 20 years after harvest in the Cascade Range, Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest, Washington (USA). Post-harvest treatments included sites that were (1) broadcast burned and planted with Abies amabilis, (2) unburned and seeded with A. amabilis and A. procera, and (3) unburned and planted with A. amabilis. All sites are currently dominated by A. amabilis and Tsuga heterophylla. Burned-planted sites have a smaller proportion of A. amabilis than unburned sites, and burned sites have less advance regeneration of all species than unburned sites. Although future stand composition is difficult to predict, comparison with historical stand data for this location indicates that regeneration treatments, including seeding and planting, have not had significant effects on overstory species dominance. If rapid regeneration of A. amabilis is a management objective, then post-harvest burning should be avoided to encourage advance regeneration of this species. C1 Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. RP Elman, E (reprint author), Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN INST FORESTRY PI OTTAWA PA 151 SLATER ST, STE 606, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1P 5H3, CANADA SN 0015-7546 J9 FOREST CHRON JI For. Chron. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 79 IS 2 BP 268 EP 272 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 681KU UT WOS:000183036000044 ER PT J AU Shang, F Lu, M Dudek, E Reddan, J Taylor, A AF Shang, F Lu, M Dudek, E Reddan, J Taylor, A TI Vitamin C and vitamin E restore the resistance of GSH-depleted lens cells to H2O2 SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE free radicals; glutathione; vitamin C; vitamin E; lens; cell death ID UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYMES; SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; MACULAR DEGENERATION; IN-VIVO; BUTHIONINE SULFOXIMINE; GLUTATHIONE DEFICIENCY; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; GUINEA-PIG; RAT-LIVER AB A decline in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels is associated with aging and many age-related diseases. The objective of this study was to determine whether other antioxidants can compensate for GSH depletion in protection against oxidative insults. Rabbit lens epithelial cells were depleted of > 75% of intracellular GSH by 25-200 muM buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). Depletion of GSH by BSO alone had little direct effect on cell viability, but resulted in an similar to30-fold increase in susceptibility to H2O2-induced cell death. Experimentally enhanced levels of nonprotein sulfhydryls other than GSH (i.e., N-acetylcysteine) did not protect GSH-depleted cells from H2O2-induced cell death. In contrast, pretreatment of cells with vitamin C (25-50 muM) or vitamin E (5-40 muM), restored the resistance of GSH-depleted cells to H2O2. However, concentrations of vitamin C > 400 AM and vitamin E > 80 AM enhanced the toxic effect of H2O2. Although levels of GSH actually decreased by 10-20% in cells supplemented with vitamin C or vitamin E, the protective effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on BSO-treated cells were associated with significant (similar to70%) decreases in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and concomitant restoration of the cellular redox status (as indicated by GSH:GSSG ratio) to levels detected in cells not treated with BSO. These results demonstrate a role for vitamin C and vitamin E in maintaining glutathione in its reduced form. The ability of vitamin C and vitamin E in compensations for GSH depletion to protect against H2O2-induced cell death suggests that GSH, vitamin C, and vitamin E have common targets in their actions against oxidative damage, and supports the preventive or therapeutic use of vitamin C and E to combat age- and pathology-associated declines in GSH. Moreover, levels of these nutrients must be optimized to achieve the maximal benefit. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Oakland Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Rochester, MI USA. RP Shang, F (reprint author), Tufts Univ, JM USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY11717] NR 71 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD MAR 1 PY 2003 VL 34 IS 5 BP 521 EP 530 DI 10.1016/S0891-5849(02)01304-7 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 651ZZ UT WOS:000181355400004 PM 12614841 ER PT J AU DeStefano, S DeGraaf, RM AF DeStefano, S DeGraaf, RM TI Exploring the ecology of suburban wildlife SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID URBAN; CONSERVATION; GEESE AB The fringes of cities, and rural properties within commuting distance of cities, experience some of the highest rates of development in the world. This can cause dramatic changes to the landscape, the alteration of ecological functions, and a reduction in biodiversity. With the spread of suburbia, however, come opportunities for some species to exploit new resources. While many wild creatures can enrich the lives of suburban dwellers, large increases in the populations of species such as deer, beaver, and coyotes can lead to a change in status from resource to pest. For several decades, wildlife managers have alternately embraced and ignored issues related to urban and suburban wildlife. Today, management of suburban areas challenges wildlife agencies on two fronts: the threat to habitat and biodiversity and the problem of "overabundant" wildlife. This is not only a tremendous management challenge, but also an educational opportunity to help people understand the natural world and their place in it. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Cooperat Fis & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, USDA, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP DeStefano, S (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Massachusetts Cooperat Fis & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 50 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 4 U2 72 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 1 IS 2 BP 95 EP 101 DI 10.2307/3868036 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 825WN UT WOS:000221789500016 ER PT J AU Trail, F Xu, JR San Miguel, P Halgren, RG Kistler, HC AF Trail, F Xu, JR San Miguel, P Halgren, RG Kistler, HC TI Analysis of expressed sequence tags from Gibberella zeae (anamorph Fusarium graminearum) SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gibberella zeae; Fusarium graminearum; mycotoxin; deoxynivalenol; zearalenone; perithecia; ascus; pathogenicity; virulence; expressed sequence tags ID FUNGUS MAGNAPORTHE-GRISEA; NEUROSPORA-CRASSA; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY; NECTRIA-HAEMATOCOCCA; REDUCED VIRULENCE; PROTEIN SEQUENCES; GENE; WHEAT; PATHOGEN AB Gibberella zeae is a broad host range pathogen that infects many crop plants, including wheat and barley, and causes head blight and rot diseases throughout the world. To better understand fungal development and pathogenicity, we have generated 7996 ESTs from three cDNA libraries,, Two libraries were generated from carbon-(C-) and nitrogen- (N-) starved mycelia and one library was generated from cultures of maturing perithecia (P). In other fungal pathogens, starvation conditions have been shown to act as cues to induce infection-related gene expression. To assign putative function to cDNAs, sequences were initially assembled using StackPack. The estimated total number of genes identified from the three EST databases was 2110: 1088 contigs and 1022 singleton sequences. These 2110 sequences were compared to a yeast protein sequence reference set and to the GenBank nonredundant database using BLASTX. Based on presumptive gene function identified by this process, we found that the two starved cultures had similar, but not identical, patterns of gene expression, whereas the developmental cultures were distinct in their pattern of expression. Of the three libraries, the perithecium library had the greatest percentage (46%) of ESTS falling into the "unclassified" category. Homologues of some known fungal virulence or pathogenicity factors were found primarily in the N- and C-libraries. Comparisons also were made with ESTs from the related fungi, Neurospora crassa and Magnaporthe grisea and the genomic sequence of N. crassa. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Michigan State Univ, Genom Technol Support Facil, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Cereal Dis Lab, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Trail, F (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI SanMiguel, Phillip/I-2196-2015 OI SanMiguel, Phillip/0000-0002-3742-9527 NR 65 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 38 IS 2 BP 187 EP 197 DI 10.1016/S1087-1845(02)00529-7 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 655RN UT WOS:000181566600004 PM 12620255 ER PT J AU Proctor, RH Brown, DW Plattner, RD Desjardins, AE AF Proctor, RH Brown, DW Plattner, RD Desjardins, AE TI Co-expression of 15 contiguous genes delineates a fumonisin biosynthetic gene cluster in Gibberella moniliformis SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Gibberella moniliformis; Fusarium verticillioides; maize; fumonisins; mycotoxin biosynthesis; gene cluster ID FUJIKUROI MATING POPULATION; FUSARIUM-MONILIFORME; B-1; SACCHAROMYCES; MYCOTOXINS; CLONING; PATHWAY; ENZYME; VERTICILLIOIDES; ORGANIZATION AB Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by the maize pathogen Gibberella moniliformis and are associated with cancer in rodents. In this study, we determined the nucleotide sequence of a 75-kb region of G. monilijformis DNA and identified 18 heretofore undescribed genes flanking a cluster of five previously identified fumonism biosynthetic (FUM) genes. Ten of the newly identified genes downstream of the cluster were coregulated with FUM genes and exhibited patterns of expression that were correlated with fumonisin production. BLASTX analyses indicated that the predicted functions of proteins encoded by the 10 genes were consistent with activities expected for fumonisin biosynthesis or self-protection. These data indicate that the 10 newly identified genes and the previously identified FUM genes constitute a fumonisin biosynthetic gene cluster. Disruption of two of the new genes, encoding longevity assurance factors, had no apparent effect on fumonisin production, but disruption of a third, encoding an ABC transporter, had a subtle effect on ratios of fumonisins produced. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Proctor, RH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM proctorh@ncaur.usda.gov NR 49 TC 211 Z9 222 U1 1 U2 23 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 EI 1096-0937 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 38 IS 2 BP 237 EP 249 DI 10.1016/S1087-1845(02)00525-X PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 655RN UT WOS:000181566600009 PM 12620260 ER PT J AU Pavek, DS Lamboy, WF Garvey, EJ AF Pavek, DS Lamboy, WF Garvey, EJ TI Selecting in situ conservation sites for grape genetic resources in the USA SO GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE germplasm; in situ preserve; SSR; Vitaceae; Vitis rupestris; wild relatives ID SILICA-GEL; DNA; REPEATS; L. AB Previously, there has not been any in situ conservation sites for crop germplasm within the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Plant Germplasm System ( NPGS). Using morphologic and molecular (SSR markers) techniques, we assessed the genetic variation present in populations of rock grape (Vitis rupestris Scheele), a native American grape species, throughout its range. We identified seven in situ conservation sites for rock grape using a strategy based on morphologic and molecular data, taxonomic information, population size and integrity, and landholder commitment. In collaboration with federal and state landholding agencies, we have established the first NPGS in situ conservation sites for American wild relatives of a crop. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Plant Exchange Off, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cornell Univ, ARS, USDA, Plant Genet Resources Unit, Geneva, NY 14456 USA. RP Garvey, EJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Germplasm Resources Lab, Plant Exchange Off, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9864 J9 GENET RESOUR CROP EV JI Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 50 IS 2 BP 165 EP 173 DI 10.1023/A:1022947605916 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 660WR UT WOS:000181857700006 ER PT J AU Goel, S Chen, ZB Conner, JA Akiyama, Y Hanna, WW Ozias-Akins, P AF Goel, S Chen, ZB Conner, JA Akiyama, Y Hanna, WW Ozias-Akins, P TI Delineation by fluorescence in situ hybridization of a single hemizygous chromosomal region associated with aposporous embryo sac formation in Pennisetum squamulatum and Cenchrus ciliaris SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID APOMICTIC DANDELIONS TARAXACUM; PEARL-MILLET; GAMETOPHYTIC APOMIXIS; REPETITIVE DNA; MOLECULAR MARKERS; GENETIC-CONTROL; B-CHROMOSOME; PLANTS; REPRODUCTION; GENOME AB Apomixis is a means of asexual reproduction by which plants produce embryos without meiosis and fertilization; thus the embryo is of clonal, maternal origin. We previously reported molecular markers showing no recombination with the trait for aposporous embryo sac development in Pennisetum squamulatum and Cenchrus ciliaris, and the collective single-dose alleles defined an apospory-spccific genomic region (ASGR). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to confirm that the ASGR is a hemizygous genomic region and to determine its chromosomal position with respect to rDNA loci and centromere repeats. We also documented chromosome transmission from P. squamulatum in several backcrosses (BCs) with P. glaucum using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). One to three complete P. squamulatum chromosomes were detected in BC6, but only one of the three hybridized with the ASGR-linked markers. In P. squamulatum and in all BCs examined, the apospory-linked markers were located in the distal region of the short arm of a single chromosome. All alien chromosomes behaved as univalents during meiosis and segregated randomly in BC3 and later BC generations, but presence of the ASGR-carrier chromosome alone was sufficient to confer apospory. FISH results support our hypotheses that hemizygosity, proximity to centromeric sequences, and chromosome structure may all play a role in low recombination in the ASGR. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Ozias-Akins, P (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Hort, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 72 TC 56 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 6 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAR PY 2003 VL 163 IS 3 BP 1069 EP 1082 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 664DR UT WOS:000182046900020 PM 12663545 ER PT J AU Zhu, YL Song, QJ Hyten, DL Van Tassell, CP Matukumalli, LK Grimm, DR Hyatt, SM Fickus, EW Young, ND Cregan, PB AF Zhu, YL Song, QJ Hyten, DL Van Tassell, CP Matukumalli, LK Grimm, DR Hyatt, SM Fickus, EW Young, ND Cregan, PB TI Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in soybean SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR POPULATION-GENETICS; PLANT ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; SEQUENCE REPEAT MARKERS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; DNA POLYMORPHISM; HUMAN GENOME; FINITE POPULATIONS; HUMAN GENES; LOCUS; DISCOVERY AB Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provide an abundant source of DNA polymorphisms in a number of eukaryotic species. Information on the frequency, nature, and distribution of SNPs in plant genomes is limited. Thus, our objectives were (1) to determine SNP frequency in coding and noncoding soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) DNA sequence amplified from genomic DNA using PCR primers designed to complete genes, cDNAs, and random genomic sequence; (2) to characterize haplotype variation in these sequences; and (3) to provide initial estimates of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in soybean. Approximately 28.7 kbp of coding sequence, 37.9 kbp of noncoding perigenic DNA, and 9.7 kbp of random noncoding genomic DNA were sequenced in each of 25 diverse soybean genotypes. Over the >76 kbp, mean nucleotide diversity expressed as Watterson's theta was 0.00097. Nucleotide diversity was 0.00053 and 0.00111 in coding and in noncoding perigenic DNA, respectively, lower than estimates in the autogamous model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Haplotype analysis of SNP-containing fragments revealed a deficiency of haplotypes vs. the number that would be anticipated at linkage equilibrium. In 49 fragments with three or more SNPs, five haplotypes were present in one fragment while four or less were present in the remaining 48, thereby supporting the suggestion of relatively limited genetic variation in cultivated soybean. Squared allele-frequency correlations (r(2)) among haplotypes at 54 loci with two or more SNPs indicated low genome-wide LD. The low level of LD and the limited haplotype diversity suggested that the genome of any given soybean accession is a mosaic of three or four haplotypes. To facilitate SNP discovery and the development of a transcript map, subsets of four to six diverse genotypes, whose sequence analysis would permit the discovery of at least 75% of all SNPs present in the 25 genotypes as well as 90% of the common (frequency >0.10) SNPs, were identified. C1 USDA ARS, BARC W, Soybean Genomics & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. George Mason Univ, SCS, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Nanjing Agr Univ, Dept Agron, Nanjing 210095, Peoples R China. Nanchang Univ, Dept Biosci & Biotechnol, Nanchang 330047, Peoples R China. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Gene Evaluat & Mapping Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Cregan, PB (reprint author), USDA ARS, BARC W, Soybean Genomics & Improvement Lab, Bldg 006,Rm 100, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Hyten, David/0000-0001-6324-9389; Van Tassell, Curtis/0000-0002-8416-2087 NR 51 TC 272 Z9 341 U1 2 U2 33 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAR PY 2003 VL 163 IS 3 BP 1123 EP 1134 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 664DR UT WOS:000182046900024 PM 12663549 ER PT J AU Chopra, S Cocciolone, SM Bushman, S Sangar, V McMullen, MD Peterson, T AF Chopra, S Cocciolone, SM Bushman, S Sangar, V McMullen, MD Peterson, T TI The maize Unstable factor for orange1 is a dominant epigenetic modifier of a tissue specifically silent allele of pericarp color1 SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DNA METHYLATION; P-GENE; REGULATORY GENE; ZEA-MAYS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CHROMATIN STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; CHALCONE SYNTHASE; PARAMUTATION; EXPRESSION AB We have characterized Unstable factor for orange1 (Ufo1), a dominant, allele-specific modifier of expression of the maize pericarp color1 (p1) gene. The p1 gene encodes an Myb-homologous transcriptional activator of genes required for biosynthesis of red phlobaphene pigments. The P1-wr allele specifies colorless kernel pericarp and red cobs, whereas Ufo1 modifies P1-wr expression to confer pigmentation in kernel pericarp, as well as vegetative tissues, which normally do not accumulate significant amounts of phlobaphene pigments. In the presence of Ufo1, P1-wr transcript levels and transcription rate are increased in kernel pericarp. The P1-wr allele contains approximately six p1 gene copies present in a hypermethylated and multicopy tandem array. In P1-wr Ufo1 plants, methylation of P1-wr DNA sequences is reduced, whereas the methylation state of other repetitive genomic sequences was not detectably affected. The phenotypes produced by the interaction of P1-wr and Ufo1 are unstable, exhibiting somatic mosaicism and variable penetrance. Moreover, the changes in P1-wr expression and methylation are not heritable: meiotic segregants that lack Ufo1 revert to the normal P1-wr expression and methylation patterns. These results demonstrate the existence of a class of modifiers of gene expression whose effects are associated with transient changes in DNA methylation of specific loci. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Zool & Genet, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Missouri, Plant Sci Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Genet Area Program, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Peterson, T (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Zool & Genet, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 54 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD MAR PY 2003 VL 163 IS 3 BP 1135 EP 1146 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 664DR UT WOS:000182046900025 PM 12663550 ER PT J AU McDowell, RW Sharpley, AN AF McDowell, RW Sharpley, AN TI Phosphorus solubility and release kinetics as a function of soil test P concentration SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE phosphorus; P concentration; CaCl2-P ID SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE; DESORPTION; RUNOFF AB The concentration of phosphorus (P) in overland and subsurface flow is related to the concentration and release rate of P in soil. To more accurately describe soil P loss to runoff water, we investigated P species controlling P release, and the kinetics of P release in three soils ranging in Olsen P from 9 to 159 mg kg(-1). Using solubility diagrams and P fractionation data, soil P release to solution was likely controlled by a combination of Al (variscite), Fe (strengite), and Ca (hydroxyapatite) complexes. Soil P release kinetics were described (P<0.01) by a power-function equation (release=alphat(beta), where t=time). The initial rate of release (alpha) increased (0.3 to 34.9) and release rate with time (beta) decreased (0.405 to 0.079) with Olsen P or CaCl2-P (9-55 mg kg(-1) and 0.201-3.491 mg l(-1), respectively) in the soils. Relative to the release of CaCl2-P (designed to estimate P in soil solution and subsurface flow), two processes appeared to occur simultaneously, a rapid release of P from soil immediately in contact with the solution and a slower diffusion of P from inside soil particles. These processes should be considered when interpreting the release of P to overland and subsurface flow in soils of different P concentration. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science BY All rights reserved. C1 AgRes Ltd, Invermay Agr Ctr, Mosgiel, New Zealand. USDA ARS, Pasture Syst & Watershed Management Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP McDowell, RW (reprint author), AgRes Ltd, Invermay Agr Ctr, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel, New Zealand. OI McDowell, Richard/0000-0003-3911-4825 NR 32 TC 68 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD MAR PY 2003 VL 112 IS 1-2 BP 143 EP 154 AR PII S0016-7061(02)00301-4 DI 10.1016/S0016-7061(02)00301-4 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 642GQ UT WOS:000180796200008 ER PT J AU Venterea, RT Groffman, PM Verchot, LV Magill, AH Aber, JD Steudler, PA AF Venterea, RT Groffman, PM Verchot, LV Magill, AH Aber, JD Steudler, PA TI Nitrogen oxide gas emissions from temperate forest soils receiving long-term nitrogen inputs SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemodentrification; N deposition; nitric oxide; nitrification; nitrous oxide ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; RED PINE PLANTATION; NITRIC-OXIDE; N-DEPOSITION; AGRICULTURAL SOIL; ADDITIONS; SATURATION; NITRIFICATION; ECOSYSTEMS; FLUXES AB From spring 2000 through fall 2001, we measured nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes in two temperate forest sites in Massachusetts, USA that have been treated since 1988 with different levels of nitrogen (N) to simulate elevated rates of atmospheric N deposition. Plots within a pine stand that were treated with either 50 or 150 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) above background displayed consistently elevated NO fluxes (100-200 mug N m(-2) h(-1)) compared to control plots, while only the higher N treatment plot within a mixed hardwood stand displayed similarly elevated NO fluxes. Annual NO emissions estimated from monthly sampling accounted for 3.0-3.7% of N inputs to the high-N plots and 8.3% of inputs to the Pine low-N plot. Nitrous oxide fluxes in the N-treated plots were generally < 10% of NO fluxes. Net nitrification rates (NRs) and NO production rates measured in the laboratory displayed patterns that were consistent with field NO fluxes. Total N oxide gas flux was positively correlated with contemporaneous measurements of NR and NO3- concentration. Acetylene inhibited both nitrification and NO production, indicating that autotrophic nitrification was responsible for the elevated NO production. Soil pH was negatively correlated with N deposition rate. Low levels (3-11 mug N kg(-1)) of nitrite (NO2-) were detected in mineral soils from both sites. Kinetic models describing NO production as a function of the protonated form of NO2- (nitrous acid [HNO2]) adequately described the mineral soil data. The results indicate that atmospheric deposition may generate losses of gaseous NO from forest soils by promoting nitrification, and that the response may vary significantly between forest types under similar climatic regimes. The lowering of pH resulting from nitrification and/or directly from deposition may also play a role by promoting reactions involving HNO2 . C1 Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Int Ctr Res Agroforestry, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ New Hampshire, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Venterea, RT (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, 439 Borlaug Hall,1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009 NR 48 TC 78 Z9 87 U1 6 U2 56 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 9 IS 3 BP 346 EP 357 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00591.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 652TX UT WOS:000181397100004 ER PT J AU Derner, JD Johnson, HB Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ Polley, HW Tischler, CR Boutton, TW Lamorte, RL Wall, GW Adam, NR Leavitt, SW Ottman, MJ Matthias, AD Brooks, TJ AF Derner, JD Johnson, HB Kimball, BA Pinter, PJ Polley, HW Tischler, CR Boutton, TW Lamorte, RL Wall, GW Adam, NR Leavitt, SW Ottman, MJ Matthias, AD Brooks, TJ TI Above- and below-ground responses of C-3-C-4 species mixtures to elevated CO2 and soil water availability SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; cotton; free air CO2 enrichment (FACE); root responses; sorghum; stable isotopes ID TALLGRASS PRAIRIE ECOSYSTEM; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; C-4 WEED; BIOMASS PRODUCTION; ENRICHMENT FACE; PLANT-RESPONSES; GRASSLAND; GROWTH; C3 AB We evaluated the influences of CO2 [Control, similar to 370 mumol mol(-1); 200 mumol mol(-1) above ambient applied by free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)] and soil water (Wet, Dry) on above- and below-ground responses of C-3 (cotton, Gossypium hirsutum ) and C-4 (sorghum, Sorghum bicolor ) plants in monocultures and two density mixtures. In monocultures, CO2 enrichment increased height, leaf area, above-ground biomass and reproductive output of cotton, but not sorghum, and was independent of soil water treatment. In mixtures, cotton, but not sorghum, above-ground biomass and height were generally reduced compared to monocultures, across both CO2 and soil water treatments. Density did not affect individual plant responses of either cotton or sorghum across the other treatments. Total (cotton + sorghum) leaf area and above-ground biomass in low-density mixtures were similar between CO2 treatments, but increased by 17-21% with FACE in high-density mixtures, due to a 121% enhancement of cotton leaf area and a 276% increase in biomass under the FACE treatment. Total root biomass in the upper 1.2 m of the soil was not influenced by CO2 or by soil water in monoculture or mixtures; however, under dry conditions we observed significantly more roots at lower soil depths (> 45 cm). Sorghum roots comprised 81-85% of the total roots in the low-density mixture and 58-73% in the high-density mixture. CO2-enrichment partly offset negative effects of interspecific competition on cotton in both low- and high-density mixtures by increasing above-ground biomass, with a greater relative increase in the high-density mixture. As a consequence, CO2-enrichment increased total above-ground yield of the mixture at high density. Individual plant responses to CO2 enrichment in global change models that evaluate mixed plant communities should be adjusted to incorporate feedbacks for interspecific competition. Future field studies in natural ecosystems should address the role that a CO2-mediated increase in C-3 growth may have on subsequent vegetation change. C1 ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. ARS, USDA, Grassland Soil & Water Res Lab, Temple, TX 76502 USA. ARS, USDA, Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Rangeland Ecol & Management, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Soil Water & Environm Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Maricopa Agr Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85239 USA. RP Derner, JD (reprint author), ARS, USDA, High Plains Grasslands Res Stn, 8408 Hildreth Rd, Cheyenne, WY 82009 USA. RI Boutton, Thomas/C-5821-2016 OI Boutton, Thomas/0000-0002-7522-5728 NR 44 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 9 IS 3 BP 452 EP 460 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00579.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 652TX UT WOS:000181397100012 ER PT J AU Long, RF Winkler, J Hansen, RW AF Long, RF Winkler, J Hansen, RW TI Attack of Urophora quadrifasciata (Meig.) (Diiptera : Tephritidae) a biological control agent for spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa lamarck) and diffuse knapweed (C. diffusa lamarck) (Asteraceae) by a parasitoid, Pteromalus sp (Hymenoptera : Pteromalidae) in Michigan SO GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID AFFINIS FRAUENFELD DIPTERA; UNITED-STATES; ESTABLISHMENT; FLY; COLEOPTERA; RECORDS; CANADA AB Urophora quadrifasciata (Meig.) a seedhead fly released in North America for biological control of Centaurea maculosa and C. diffusa is parasitized by a Pteromalus sp. Parasitism up to 60% of U. quadrifasciata was found in samples of seed heads of C. maculosa and C. diffusa collected from 54 of the 59 counties sampled in Michigan and in one sample of C. maculosa seed heads from Hennepin County, Minnesota. Parasitism of U. quadrifasciata has rarely been reported. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Natl Weed Sci Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Michigan Dept Agr, Pesticide & Plant Pest Management Div, Traverse City, MI 49684 USA. RP Long, RF (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ctr Plant Hlth Sci & Technol, Natl Weed Sci Lab, 2150 Ave,Bldg B 3E54, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MICH ENTOMOL SOC PI E LANSING PA MICH STATE UNIV DEPT ENTOMOL, E LANSING, MI 48823 USA SN 0090-0222 J9 GREAT LAKES ENTOMOL JI Gt. Lakes Entomol. PD SPR-SUM PY 2003 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 16 EP 24 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 825TZ UT WOS:000221782500004 ER PT J AU Shields, FD Knight, SS Morin, N Blank, J AF Shields, FD Knight, SS Morin, N Blank, J TI Response of fishes and aquatic habitats to sand-bed stream restoration using large woody debris SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on the Interactions between Sediments and Water CY MAY 05-10, 2002 CL BANFF, CANADA DE stream restoration; large woody debris; fish; erosion; sediment; physical habitat ID CHANNEL INCISION; REHABILITATION; RIVER; MISSISSIPPI; ECOSYSTEMS AB Effects of habitat rehabilitation of Little Topashaw Creek, a sinuous, sand-bed stream draining 37 km(2) in northwest Mississippi are described. The rehabilitation project consisted of placing 72 large woody debris structures along eroding concave banks and planting 4000 willow cuttings in sandbars. Response was measured by monitoring flow, channel geometry, physical aquatic habitat, and fish populations. Initially, debris structures reduced high flow velocities at concave bank toes, preventing further erosion and inducing deposition. Physical response during the first year following construction included creation of sand berms along eroding banks and slight increases in base flow water width and depth. Fish collections showed assemblages typical of incising streams within the region, but minor initial responses to debris addition were evident. Progressive failure of the structures and renewed erosion were observed during the second year after construction. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Shields, FD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 15 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAR PY 2003 VL 494 IS 1-3 BP 251 EP 257 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 716LE UT WOS:000185029300034 ER PT J AU Cornish, K Backhaus, RA AF Cornish, K Backhaus, RA TI Induction of rubber transferase activity in guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) by low temperatures SO INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE guayule; parthenium argentatum; allylic pyrophosphate; cis-1,4-polyisoprene; isopentenyl pyrophosphate; natural rubber; rubber particles; rubber transferase; cold induction ID HEVEA-BRASILIENSIS LATEX; CIS-1,4-POLYISOPRENE BIOSYNTHESIS; CROSS-REACTIVITY; PARTICLES; GROWTH; ACCUMULATION; PLANTS AB The enzymatic activity of rubber transferase was determined in rubber particles purified throughout the year from three different lines of mature (5-years-old) guayule plants grown in the field in Phoenix, Arizona (33.40degrees N by 112.00degreesW, elevation 335 in), as well as in plants grown in controlled environment, Rubber transferase activity was environmentally-induced by cool night temperatures of ca. 20 degreesC, colder temperatures seeming not to be required. This is in contrast to reports that young guayule plants require temperatures of 7-10 degreesC for induction. Also, the cold temperature stimulus that induces rubber biosynthesis either is not perceived or translated by guayule seedlings until they are at least 200-days-old. However, branches less than 200-days-old on mature plants are stimulated by cool (20 degreesC) night temperatures to produce rubber. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, CIU, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Bot, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Cornish, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, CIU, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. RI Cornish, Katrina/A-9773-2013 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-6690 J9 IND CROP PROD JI Ind. Crop. Prod. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 17 IS 2 BP 83 EP 92 AR PII S0926-6690(02)00079-1 DI 10.1016/S0926-6690(02)00079-1 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering; Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 651CC UT WOS:000181301900002 ER PT J AU Suderman, RJ Andersen, SO Hopkins, TL Kanost, MR Kramer, KJ AF Suderman, RJ Andersen, SO Hopkins, TL Kanost, MR Kramer, KJ TI Characterization and cDNA cloning of three major proteins from pharate pupal cuticle of Manduca sexta SO INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cuticle; sclerotizaton; tobacco hornworm; Manduca sexta; insect; Lepidoptera; cDNA; amino acid sequence; nucleotide sequence; RNA expression; epidermis; development; protein; gene ID RICH CUTICULAR PROTEIN; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; LOCUSTA-MIGRATORIA; INSECT CUTICLE; TENEBRIO-MOLITOR; TOBACCO HORNWORM; HYALOPHORA-CECROPIA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GIANT SILKMOTH; CROSS-LINKS AB Three proteins, MsCP20, MsCP27 and MsCP36, that are secreted in greatest quantity into the pharate pupal cuticle of Manduca sexta (Hopkins et al., 2000) were purified and their amino acid sequences determined by mass spectrometry and Edman degradation. Although these proteins become sclerotized and insoluble in the pupal exoskeleton, their sequences contain features characteristic for proteins occurring in less sclerotized pliable cuticles, such as arthrodial membranes and soft larval cuticles. These proteins carry a secondary modification attached to a threonine residue, presumably an O-linked sugar moiety. cDNA clones of the genes for MsCP20, MsCP27 and MsCP36 were constructed from pharate pupal integument RNA. Close agreement was found between the amino acid sequences determined by Edman degradation and sequences deduced from the cDNA clones. The molecular masses determined by protein sequencing for MsCP20, MsCP27, and MsCP36 were 17,713, 17,448, and 29,582 Da, respectively, in close agreement with the masses deduced from the corresponding cDNA clones (17,711, 17,410, and 29,638 Da). Temporal expression analysis indicates that MsCP20 and MsCP36 transcripts are present at low levels early in the fifth larval stadium, followed by a large increase in abundance prior to pupal ecdysis. MsCP27 was not detected during development of the fifth larval instar, but its transcript, like those of MsCP20 and MsCP36, increased to a peak level just before pupal ecdysis. Only the MsCP36 transcript was detected in adults. These results support the hypothesis that these proteins are synthesized by the epidermis and are subsequently deposited into the cuticle during the larval-pupal transformation of M. sexta where they become sclerotized in the formation of pupal exocuticle. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Copenhagen, August Krogh Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Hopkins, TL (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Biochem, Willard Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 48 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-1748 J9 INSECT BIOCHEM MOLEC JI Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 33 IS 3 BP 331 EP 343 DI 10.1016/S0965-1748(02)00247-3 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 654NM UT WOS:000181503000006 PM 12609518 ER PT J AU Meyer, AL Van Kooten, GC Wang, S AF Meyer, AL Van Kooten, GC Wang, S TI Institutional, social and economic roots of deforestation: a cross-country comparison SO INTERNATIONAL FORESTRY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE deforestation; environmental Kuznets curve; institutions; policy ID ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE AB The emphasis on pure economic explanations for economic development has recently shifted to cultural, social and institutional factors. An ordinary least squares (OLS) regression equation is used to examine the relationship between deforestation and economic, institutional and social capital variables for 117 countries. Institutional, economic, and social capital variables are significantly related to deforestation, although there is no evidence to support the existence of an environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). While the results cannot be used to discuss any one country specifically, they do provide insight into the general roles of social and institutional factors in deforestation. C1 US Forest Serv, Fire Lab, Riverside, CA USA. Univ Victoria, Dept Econ, Victoria, BC, Canada. Canadian Forest Serv, Pacific Forestry Ctr, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Meyer, AL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Fire Lab, Riverside, CA USA. OI van Kooten, G Cornelis/0000-0003-1780-7065 NR 43 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU COMMONWEALTH FORESTRY ASSN PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 142, OXFORD OX26 6ZJ, BICESTER, ENGLAND SN 1465-5489 J9 INT FOR REV JI Int. For. Rev. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 5 IS 1 BP 29 EP 37 DI 10.1505/IFOR.5.1.29.17427 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 663JW UT WOS:000182003300005 ER PT J AU Juneja, VK Novak, JS AF Juneja, VK Novak, JS TI Heat resistance of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in cook-in-bag ground beef as affected by pH and acidulant SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acidulant; beef; Escherichia coli O157 : H7; pH; sous-vide; thermal inactivation ID HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; NURSING-HOME; APPLE JUICE; SURVIVAL; OUTBREAK; INACTIVATION; TEMPERATURE; DESTRUCTION AB The heat resistance of a four-strain mixture of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was tested. The temperature range was 55-62.5 degreesC and the substrate was beef at pH 4.5 or 5.5, adjusted with either acetic or lactic acid. Inoculated meat, packaged in bags, was completely immersed in a circulating water bath and cooked to an internal temperature of 55, 58, 60, or 62.5 degreesC in 1 h, and then held for pre-determined lengths of time. The surviving cell population was enumerated by spiral plating meat samples on tryptic soy agar overlaid with Sorbitol MacConkey agar. Regardless of the acidulant used to modify the pH, the D-values at all temperatures were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in ground beef at pH 4.5 as compared with the beef at pH 5.5. At the same pH levels, acetic acid rendered E. coli O157:H7 more sensitive to the lethal effect of heat. The analysis of covariance showed evidence of a significant acidulant and pH interaction on the slopes of the survivor curves at 55 &DEG;C. Based on the thermal-death-time values, contaminated ground beef (pH 5.5/lactic acid) should be heated to an internal temperature of 55 &DEG;C for at least 116.3 min and beef (pH 4.5/acetic acid) for 64.8 min to achieve a 4-log reduction of the pathogen. The heating time at 62.5 &DEG;C, to achieve the same level of reduction, was 4.4 and 2.6 min, respectively. Thermal-death-time values from this study will assist the retail food processors in designing acceptance limits on critical control points that ensure safety of beef originally contaminated with E. coli O157:H7. C1 ARS, Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Juneja, VK (reprint author), ARS, Food Safety Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-5423 J9 INT J FOOD SCI TECH JI Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 38 IS 3 BP 297 EP 304 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2621.2003.00675.x PG 8 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 652TR UT WOS:000181396500008 ER PT J AU Rhodes, MW Kator, H Kotob, S van Berkum, P Kaattari, I Vogelbein, W Quinn, F Floyd, MM Butler, WR Ottinger, CA AF Rhodes, MW Kator, H Kotob, S van Berkum, P Kaattari, I Vogelbein, W Quinn, F Floyd, MM Butler, WR Ottinger, CA TI Mycobacterium shottsii sp nov., a slowly growing species isolated from Chesapeake Bay striped bass (Morone saxatilis) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; IDENTIFICATION; WATER AB Slowly growing, non-pigmented mycobacteria were isolated from striped bass (Morone saxatilis) during an epizootic of mycobacteriosis in the Chesapeake Bay. Growth characteristics, acid-fastness and results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing were consistent with those of the genus Mycobacterium. A unique profile of biochemical reactions was observed among the 21 isolates. A single cluster of eight peaks identified by analysis of mycolic acids (HPLC) resembled those of reference patterns but differed in peak elution times from profiles of reference species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. One isolate (M175(T)) was placed within the slowly growing mycobacteria by analysis of aligned 16S rRNA gene sequences and was proximate in phylogeny to Mycobacterium ulcerans and Mycobacterium marinum. However, distinct nucleoticle differences were detected in the 16S rRNA gene sequence among M175(T), M. ulcerans and M. marinum (99-2% similarity). Isolate IM175(T) could be differentiated from other slowly growing, nonpigmented mycobacteria by its inability to grow at 37degreesC, production of niacin and urease, absence of nitrate reductase and resistance to isoniazid (1 mug ml(-1)), thiacetazone and thiophene-2-carboxylic hydrazide. Based upon these genetic and phenotypic differences, isolate IM175T (= ATCC 700981(T) = NCTC 13215(T)) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species, Mycobacterium shottsii sp. nov. C1 Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV USA. RP Rhodes, MW (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. OI Ottinger, Christopher/0000-0003-2551-1985 NR 14 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 53 BP 421 EP 424 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.02299-0 PN 2 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 661NY UT WOS:000181897700007 PM 12710607 ER PT J AU Yi, GB McClendon, D Desaiah, D Goddard, J Lister, A Moffitt, J Vander Meer, RK deShazo, R Lee, KS Rockhold, RW AF Yi, GB McClendon, D Desaiah, D Goddard, J Lister, A Moffitt, J Vander Meer, RK deShazo, R Lee, KS Rockhold, RW TI Fire ant venom alkaloid, isosolenopsin A, a potent and selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fire ant venom; isosolenopsin A; natural product; nitric oxide; nNOS inhibition ID SOLENOPSIS-INVICTA; ARGININE AB Massive, multiple fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, stings are often treated aggressively, particularly in the elderly, despite limited evidence of systemic toxicity due to the venom. Over 95% of the S. invicta venom is composed of piperidine alkaloid components, whose toxicity, if any, is unknown. To assess a possible pharmacological basis for systemic toxicity, an alkaloid-rich, protein-free methanol extract of the venom from whole ants was assayed for inhibitory activity on the following nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms, rat cerebellar neuronal (nNOS), bovine recombinant endothelial ( eNOS), and murine recombinant immunologic (iNOS). Cytosolic NOS activity was determined by measuring the conversion of [H-3]arginine to [H-3]citrulline in vitro. Rat nNOS activity was inhibited significantly and in a concentration-dependent manner by the alkaloid-rich venom extract. For nNOS, enzyme activity was inhibited by approximately 50% with 0.33 +/- 0.06 mug of this venom extract, and over 95% inhibition of the three isoforms, nNOS, eNOS, and iNOS, was found with doses of 60 mug in 60-mul reaction mixture. These results indicate that the alkaloid components of S. invicta venom can produce potent inhibition of all three major NOS isoforms. Isosolenopsin A (cis-2-methyl-6-undecylpiperidine), a naturally occurring fire ant piperidine alkaloid, was synthesized and tested for inhibitory activity against the three NOS isoforms. Enzyme activities for nNOS and eNOS were over 95% inhibited with 1000 muM of isosolenopsin A, whereas the activity of iNOS was inhibited by only about 20% at the same concentration. The IC50 for each of three NOS isoforms was approximately 18 +/- 3.9 1 M for nNOS, 156 +/- 10 muM for eNOS, and > 1000 muM for iNOS, respectively. Kinetic studies showed isosolenopsin A inhibition to be noncompetitive with L-arginine (K-i = 19 +/- 2 muM). The potency of isosolenopsin A as an inhibitor of nNOS compares favorably with the inhibitory potency of widely used nNOS inhibitors. Inhibition of NOS isoforms by isosolenopsin A and structurally similar compounds may have toxicological significance with respect to adverse reactions to fire ant stings. C1 Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. ARS, USDA, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL USA. Jackson State Univ, Jackson, MS USA. RP Rockhold, RW (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. NR 43 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1080/10915810390198378 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 663UP UT WOS:000182024900003 PM 12745988 ER PT J AU Loomis, JB Quattlebaum, K Brown, TC Alexander, SJ AF Loomis, JB Quattlebaum, K Brown, TC Alexander, SJ TI Expanding institutional arrangements for acquiring water for environmental purposes: Transactions evidence for the western United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article AB Market purchases of water rights for environmental purposes in the western United States have involved purchases by public agencies of at least 88 850 acre feet of water over the last five years. Annual water leasing for environmental purposes has been more active, with 1.72 million acre feet leased in the western United States. The most frequent reasons for these transactions are for wildlife (primarily waterfowl), recreation and fisheries. The average price paid for a water right is $609 per acre foot, while it is $30 per acre foot for an annual water lease. As evidenced by the ability of government agencies to purchase water in voluntary transactions, environmental uses of water are often competitive with many low-value agricultural crops in the western United States. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Loomis, JB (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0790-0627 J9 INT J WATER RESOUR D JI Int. J. Water Resour. Dev. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 19 IS 1 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1080/0790062032000040746 PG 8 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 643JA UT WOS:000180857100003 ER PT J AU Schaible, GD Aillery, MP AF Schaible, GD Aillery, MP TI Irrigation technology transitions in the mid-plains states: Implications for water conservation/water quality goals and institutional changes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID LAND QUALITY; CHOICES AB A Parks modified multinomial logit model is used to examine the influence of the agricultural economic environment on irrigation technology transitions in the mid-plains states. Simulation analyses assess expected agricultural water conservation and its implications for water quality/environmental goals and water institutional reform. Under baseline agri-economic assumptions, regional agricultural water use efficiency could improve from 2.3% to 9.8%. Technology-specific elasticities show that crop price effects on irrigation technology transitions are relatively inelastic. Results for the mid-plains states differ from those obtained for the Pacific north-west (an earlier study), implying that differentially endowed resource regions will likely require different resource conservation policy and institutional approaches. C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Resource Econ Div, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Schaible, GD (reprint author), USDA, Serv Econ Res, Resource Econ Div, Suite S4050,1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0790-0627 J9 INT J WATER RESOUR D JI Int. J. Water Resour. Dev. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 19 IS 1 BP 67 EP 88 DI 10.1080/0790062032000040782 PG 22 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 643JA UT WOS:000180857100007 ER PT J AU Gregoire, TG Scott, CT AF Gregoire, TG Scott, CT TI Altered selection probabilities caused by avoiding the edge in field surveys SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE boundary bias; ecological investigations; inclusion area; plots; pullback method; quadrats ID MODEL-BASED INFERENCE AB When field plots are prevented from overlapping the boundary of the tract being sampled, the selection probabilities of population elements near the edge differ from what they are when plots are permitted to overlap the boundary. In both situations, selection probabilities of edge elements differ from those of elements located far to the interior of the tract. An analytical expression and graphical depiction of the altered selection probabilities are presented, accompanied by an empirical study of the consequences on estimation for the situation where plots are pulled back from the edge until just tangent with the boundary. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, No Res Stn, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. RP Gregoire, TG (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC & INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 I ST NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 1085-7117 J9 J AGRIC BIOL ENVIR S JI J. Agric. Biol. Environ. Stat. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 8 IS 1 BP 36 EP 47 DI 10.1198/1085711031247 PG 12 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 650YJ UT WOS:000181292100003 ER PT J AU Hanford, KJ Van Vleck, LD Snowder, GD AF Hanford, KJ Van Vleck, LD Snowder, GD TI Estimates of genetic parameters and genetic change for reproduction, weight, and wool characteristics of Targhee sheep SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE breeding value; genetic correlation; heritability; litter size; prolificacy; weaning weight ID LAMB PRODUCTION; COLUMBIA SHEEP; SELECTION; RAMBOUILLET; TRAITS; PROLIFICACY; POLYPAY; GROWTH; FLOCK AB Genetic parameters from both single-trait and bivariate analyses for prolificacy, weight, and wool traits were estimated using REML with animal models for Targhee sheep from data collected from 1950 to 1998 at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, ID. Breeding values from both single-trait and seven-trait analyses calculated with the parameters estimated from the single-trait and bivariate analyses were compared across years of birth with respect to genetic trends. The numbers of observations were 38,625 for litter size at birth and litter size at weaning, 33,994 for birth weight, 32,715 for weaning weight, 36,807 for fleece weight and fleece grade, and 3,341 for staple length. Direct heritability estimates from single-trait analyses were 0.10 for litter size at birth, 0.07 for litter size at weaning, 0.25 for birth weight, 0.22 for weaning weight, 0.54 for fleece weight, 0.41 for fleece grade, and 0.65 for staple length. Estimate of direct genetic correlation between litter size at birth and weaning was 0.77 and between birth and weaning weights was 0.52. The estimate of genetic correlation between fleece weight and staple length was positive (0.54), but was negative between fleece weight and fleece grade (-0.47) and between staple length and fleece grade (-0.69). Estimates of genetic correlations were near zero between birth weight and litter size traits and small and positive between weaning weight and litter size traits. Fleece weight was slightly and negatively correlated with both litter size traits. Fleece grade was slightly and positively correlated with both litter size traits. Estimates of correlations between staple length and litter size at birth (-0.14) and litter size at weaning (0.05) were small. Estimates of correlations between weight traits and fleece weight were positive and low to moderate. Estimates of correlations between weight traits and fleece grade were negative and small, whereas estimates between weight traits and staple length were positive and small. Estimated breeding values averaged by year of birth from both the single- and seven-trait analyses for the prolificacy and weight traits increased over time, whereas those for fleece weight decreased slightly and those for the other wool traits were unchanged. Estimated changes in breeding values over time did not differ substantially for the single-trait and seven-trait analyses, except for traits highly correlated with another trait that was responding to selection. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA, ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA, ARS, US Sheep Expt Stn, Dubois, ID 83423 USA. RP Hanford, KJ (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Anim Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 24 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 81 IS 3 BP 630 EP 640 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 745XU UT WOS:000186717200009 PM 12661643 ER PT J AU Mills, SE Spurlock, ME Smith, DJ AF Mills, SE Spurlock, ME Smith, DJ TI beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes that mediate ractopamine stimulation of lipolysis SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE beta-adrenergic receptors; lipolysis; pigs ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE MEMBRANE; PORCINE ADIPOSE-TISSUE; ADIPOCYTE METABOLISM; RAT ADIPOCYTES; CYCLIC-AMP; PIG; ADRENOCEPTORS; EXPRESSION; AGONISTS; PROFILE AB Ractopamine HCl is an beta-adrenergic receptor (betaAR) ligand that was recently approved for use p in swine to enhance carcass leanness. The RR stereoisomer of ractopamine is the most active of the four stereoisomers exhibiting the highest affinity and signaling response. The RR isomer exhibits selective activation of the porcine beta(2)AR, which might limit the lipolytic response to ractopamine because the beta(1)AR is the predominant subtype in swine adipocytes and may mediate most of the lipolytic response. Therefore, we determined the betaAR subtypes that mediate the lipolytic response to ractopamine in swine adipocytes. In order to confirm the predominant role of the beta(1)AR in porcine adipocytes, isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis was inhibited by increasing doses of subtype-selective antagonists. Inhibition curves were biphasic using beta(1)AR antagonists (CGP 20712A and bisoprolol) and curve analysis indicated that both beta(1)AR and beta(2)AR contributed to lipolysis with 50 to 60% of the response coming from the beta(1)AR. Inhibition with the beta(2)AR antagonist clenbuterol revealed only one class of OAR that closely approximated the kinetics of the beta(1)AR. When the RR isomer of ractopamine was the lipolytic agent, similar results to isoproterenol were observed, except that the estimated contribution of the beta(1)AR was 38%. That beta(2)AR antagonists did not detect a contribution of the beta(2)AR to lipolysis may indicate that the beta(1)AR masked the response to the beta(2)AR. Dose titration with the RR isomer in the presence of a saturating concentration of beta(1)AR or beta(2)AR antagonists indicated that each subtype was present in sufficient quantities to stimulate lipolysis near maximally. Data indicate that both the beta(1)AR and beta(2)AR are functionally linked to lipolysis in swine adipocytes and that ractopamine activates each subtype. The RR isomer of ractopamine stimulated adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate accumulation with equal efficacy to isoproterenol through the cloned porcine beta(2)AR, but was only 35% as efficacious through the cloned porcine beta(1)AR. These data confirm the beta(2)AR selectivity of the RR stereoisomer, but suggest the partial agonism through the beta(1)AR is sufficient to activate lipolysis through both subtypes in swine adipocytes. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. RP Mills, SE (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Anim Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 28 TC 21 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 81 IS 3 BP 662 EP 668 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 745XU UT WOS:000186717200012 PM 12661646 ER PT J AU Greiner, SP Rouse, GH Wilson, DE Cundiff, LV Wheeler, TL AF Greiner, SP Rouse, GH Wilson, DE Cundiff, LV Wheeler, TL TI The relationship between ultrasound measurements and carcass fat thickness and lonizissimus muscle area in beef cattle SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE accuracy; beef cattle; carcass composition; ultrasound ID PREDICTION; TECHNICIAN; ACCURACY; BACKFAT; TRAITS AB Five hundred thirty-four steers were evaluated over a 2-yr period to determine the accuracy of ultrasonic estimates of carcass 12th-rib fat thickness (CFAT) and longissimus muscle area (CLMA). Within 5 d before slaughter, steers were ultrasonically measured for 12th-rib fat thickness (UFAT) and longissimus muscle area (ULMA) using an Aloka 500V real-time ultrasound machine equipped with a 17.2-cm, 3.5-MHz linear transducer. Overall, correlation coefficients between ultrasound and carcass fat and longissimus muscle area were 0.89 and 0.86, respectively. Correlations for UFAT with CFAT were similar between years (0.86 and 0.90), whereas the relationship between ULMA and CLMA was stronger in yr 1 (r = 0.91; n = 282) than in yr 2 (r = 0.79; n = 252). Differences between ultrasonic and carcass measurements were expressed on both an actual (FDIFF and RDIFF) and absolute (FDEV and RDEV) basis. Mean FDIFF and RDIFF indicated that ultrasound underestimated CFAT by 0.06 cm and overestimated CLMA by 0.71 cm(2) across-both years. Overall mean FDEV and RDEV, which are indications of the average error rate, were 0.16 cm and 3.39 cm(2), respectively. Analysis of year effects revealed that FDIFF, FDEV, and RDEV were greater (P < 0.01) in magnitude in yr 1. Further analysis of FDEV indicated that leaner (CFAT < 0.51 cm) cattle were overestimated and that fatter (CFAT > 1.02 cm) cattle were underestimated with ultrasound. Similarly, steers with small CLMA (<71.0 cm(2)) were overestimated, and steers with large CLMA (>90.3 cm(2)) were underestimated. The thickness of CFAT had an effect (P < 0.05) on the error of UFAT and ULMA measurements, with leaner animals being more accurately evaluated for both traits. Standard errors of prediction (SEP) adjusted for bias of ultrasound measurements were 0.20 cm and 4.49 cm(2) for UFAT and ULMA, respectively. Differences in SEP were observed for ULMA, but not UFAT, by year. These results indicate that ultrasound can be an accurate estimator of carcass traits in live cattle when measurements are taken by an experienced, well-trained technician, with only small differences in accuracy between years. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, ARS, Roman L Hruska US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Greiner, SP (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, 366 Litton Reavers Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 18 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 81 IS 3 BP 676 EP 682 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 745XU UT WOS:000186717200014 PM 12661648 ER PT J AU Parr, TM Kerr, BJ Baker, DH AF Parr, TM Kerr, BJ Baker, DH TI Isoleucine requirement of growing (25 to 45 kg) pigs SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE growth; isoleucine; nutrient requirements; pigs ID AMINO-ACID REQUIREMENTS; YOUNG PIG; PROTEIN-FREE; LYSINE; SWINE; INTERRELATIONSHIP; TRYPTOPHAN; NITROGEN; PATTERN; ENERGY AB Three pig bioassays and two digestibility trials were conducted to determine the true digestible Ile requirement for maximal weight gain and minimal plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) of growing (25 to 45 kg) pigs. In Exp. 1, an Ile-deficient basal diet was developed and confirmed to be markedly deficient in Ile, yet fully efficacious when fortified with surfeit Ile. This diet contained corn, red blood cells, and soybean meal as Ile sources, and was analyzed to contain 15.5% crude protein, 0.34% Ile, and 0.95% lysine; metabolizable energy was calculated to be 3,430 kcal/kg. True digestibility of Ile in the basal diet was 89% based on digestibility trials in ileal-cannulated pigs and cecectomized roosters. The first growth trial (Exp. 2) involved six dose levels of true digestible Ile (0.38 to 0.58%), which resulted in a quadratic (P < 0.02) response in weight gain by growing pigs over a 21-d period. The weight-gain data were fitted to both a single-slope broken line and a quadratic fit, and when the quadratic response curve was superimposed on the broken line, the point at which the quadratic curve first intersected the plateau of the broken line occurred at 0.50% true digestible Ile. This (objective) requirement estimate was similar to that determined by taking 90% of the upper asymptote of the quadratic fitted line. In Exp. 3, a replicated 5 x 5 Latin square, five barrows (square 1) and five gilts (square 2) together with five 4-d feeding periods and five levels of true digestible Ile were utilized. A linear (P < 0.01) decrease in PUN occurred as Ile was incremented, with an apparent plateau occurring at 0.50% true digestible Ile. The results of these experiments suggest that the true digestible Ile requirement of grower (25 to 45 kg) pigs is 0.50% of the diet, or 1.46 g/Mcal of metabolizable energy, somewhat higher than the 1.38 g/Mcal metabolizable energy estimated by the 1998 National Research Council Subcommittee on Swine Nutrition. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Div Nutr Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Baker, DH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Anim Sci, 290 ASL,1207 W Gregory Dr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 81 IS 3 BP 745 EP 752 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 745XU UT WOS:000186717200021 PM 12661655 ER PT J AU Sterle, JA Cantley, TC Matteri, RL Carroll, JA Lucy, MC Lamberson, WR AF Sterle, JA Cantley, TC Matteri, RL Carroll, JA Lucy, MC Lamberson, WR TI Effect of recombinant porcine somatotropin on fetal and placental growth in gilts with reduced uterine capacity SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fetal growth; insulin-like growth factor; pigs; placenta; pregnancy; somatotropin ID UNILATERAL OVARIECTOMY; IGF-II; EARLY-PREGNANCY; PIGS; HYSTERECTOMY; MODEL; SWINE; SIZE AB Crowded uterine conditions were induced by unilateral hysterectomy-ovariectomy (UHO) in 42 gilts to determine the effect of recombinant porcine somatotropin on fetal and placental growth. Gilts were randomly assigned across three replicates to one of three treatments: Control (C; n = 14), daily injections of 1 mL saline from d 0 to 64 of gestation, Early (E; n = 12), 5 mg of rpST/d from d 0 to 30, followed by 1 mL saline from d 31 to 64, and Late (L; n = 16), 1 mL saline/d from d 0 to 29 , followed by 5 mg of rpST/d from d 30 to 64 of gestation. Blood was collected from each gilt via jugular venipuncture at d 0 and every 15 d thereafter. Gilts were hysterectomized on d 65 of gestation. Length of placental attachment and fetal crown-rump length were measured. Placentas and fetuses were weighed. Placental length, wet weight, and dry weight were recorded. Treatment with rpST (either E or L) increased (P < 0.0001) maternal plasma IGF-I concentrations relative to controls. Treatment with rpST did not affect placental wet weight or placental DNA content. However, E and L treatments increased the percentage of placental protein (P = 0.01) and placental dry matter (P = 0.10) and increased contact area of uterine-placental interface (P = 0.01). Despite changes in placental composition and morphology, weights of fetuses collected from L-treated gilts did not differ from controls, whereas weights of fetuses collected from E-treated gilts tended to be less than controls (P < 0.06). Administration of rpST increased maternal IGF-I concentrations and placental surface area but failed to increase fetal growth in the UHO model. Therefore, mechanisms that are independent of maternal IGF-I or placental contact area may control early fetal growth-under crowded uterine conditions. C1 Univ Missouri, Anim Sci Res Ctr 159, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Anim Physiol Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Lamberson, WR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Anim Sci Res Ctr 159, Dept Anim Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 81 IS 3 BP 765 EP 771 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 745XU UT WOS:000186717200023 PM 12661657 ER PT J AU Anastassiades, M Lehotay, SJ Stajnbaher, D Schenck, FJ AF Anastassiades, M Lehotay, SJ Stajnbaher, D Schenck, FJ TI Fast and easy multiresidue method employing acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and "dispersive solid-phase extraction" for the determination of pesticide residues in produce SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; ACCELERATED SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; FLAME PHOTOMETRIC DETECTION; PULSED SPLITLESS INJECTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; SAMPLE PREPARATION; MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY AB A simple, fast, and inexpensive method for the determination of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables is introduced. The procedure involves initial single-phase extraction of 10 g sample with 10 mL acetonitrile, followed by liquid-liquid partitioning formed by addition of 4 g anhydrous MgSO(4) Plus 1 g NaCl. Removal of residual water and cleanup are performed simultaneously by using a rapid procedure called dispersive solid-phase extraction (dispersive-SPE), in which 150 mg anhydrous MgSO(4) and 25 mg primary secondary amine (PSA) sorbent are simply mixed with 1 mL acetonitrile extract. The dispersive-SPE with PSA effectively removes many polar matrix components, such as organic acids, certain polar pigments, and sugars, to some extent from the food extracts. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is then used for quantitative and confirmatory analysis of GC-amenable pesticides. Recoveries between 85 and 101% (mostly >95%) and repeatabilities typically <5% have been achieved for a wide range of fortified pesticides, including very polar and basic compounds such as methamidophos, acephate, omethoate, imazalil, and thiabendazole. Using this method, a single chemist can prepare a batch of 6 previously chopped samples in <30 min with approximately $1 (U.S.) of materials per sample. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Inst Publ Hlth, Environm Protect Inst, Maribor 2000, Slovenia. US FDA, Off Regulatory Affairs, SE Reg Lab, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. RP Lehotay, SJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Ln, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. EM slehotay@arserrc.gov NR 68 TC 1789 Z9 2024 U1 66 U2 551 PU AOAC INT PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 N FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 86 IS 2 BP 412 EP 431 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 665UC UT WOS:000182138800023 PM 12723926 ER PT J AU Cherney, DJR Salon, PR Thompson, D Cherney, JH AF Cherney, DJR Salon, PR Thompson, D Cherney, JH TI Eastern gamagrass: Determining its role in the feeding of lactating cows SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE gamagrass; lactation; forage to concentrate ratio ID DAIRY-COWS; ALFALFA; ORCHARDGRASS; FIBER; LEVEL AB Two production trials were conducted to determine the role of eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides (L.)L.) in the feeding of lactating cows. Two trials were conducted comparing eastern gamagrass total Mixed ration (TMR) with corn silage TMR. At Conbell University, Ithaca, NY, a trial was conducted with 16 lactating Holstein cows (165.2 +/- 8.7 days in milk) milked three times daily. Twenty lactating Holstein COWS milked twice daily were used at State University of New York (SUNY) Cobleskill. The. Cornell University (CU) trial was a continuous trial with production parameters of the previous week used as a covariate. The SUNY Cobleskill trial was a switchback design with 28d periods. Dry matter intake and milk production did not differ between the diets in either trial. Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) was higher in the corn silage TMR than the eastern gamagrass TMR in the Cornell University trial. Milk fat, trite milk protein and milk lactose did not vary in either trial. Results from this study indicate that eastern gamagrass can be used to replace the fiber coining from corn silage. This will result in considerably more grain being needed Lit the TMR, however, to offset the lower energy of eastern gamagrass. Whether or not this is economically or environmentally feasible will depend on the price of grain. Nutrient management aspects of possibly increasing feeds brought from off farm also needs to be considered. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Big Flats Plant Mat Ctr, Corning, NY USA. SUNY, Cobleskill, NY USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Cherney, DJR (reprint author), 327 Morrison Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM djc6@cornell.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU GARUDA SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS PI IZATNAGAR PA 151, JANAKPURI, IZATNAGAR 243 122, INDIA SN 0971-2119 J9 J APPL ANIM RES JI J. Appl. Anim. Res. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 81 EP 92 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 668DC UT WOS:000182274200009 ER PT J AU Bourassa, DV Buhrt, RJ Wilson, JL AF Bourassa, DV Buhrt, RJ Wilson, JL TI Elevated egg holding-room temperature of 74 degrees F (23 degrees C) does not depress hatchability or chick quality SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE broiler hatching egg; egg holding-room temperature; hatchability; somites ID HATCHING EGGS; TIME AB A series of experiments was conducted to determine the effect of holding broiler hatching eggs on the farm at 74degreesF (23degreesC) for 1 to 4 d prior to transport to the hatchery. After collection on each of 4 consecutive d, hatching eggs were distributed into two groups that were held at 66 or 74degreesF (19 to 23degreesC) and approximately 70% RH. On Day 5, all eggs were transported 10 miles to simulate transportation from the farm to the hatchery. Eggs were then placed into the hatchery egg cooler at 66degreesF (19degreesC), held overnight, and set the following morning after being allowed to warm at room temperature for 4 h. After 21 d of incubation, normal hatched chicks were counted, abnormal chicks were noted, and the hatch residue was opened and recorded. Additional eggs for each temperature group were set and opened after 48 h of incubation to determine if embryo somite count (an indication of embryonic development rate) was influenced by the egg holding temperatures. Somite counts after 48 h of incubation were the same for both temperature groups at 20.6 somites. Hatchability of fertile eggs differed between temperature groups by less than 0.1% [90.1% at 66degreesF (19degreesC) and 90.2% at 74degreesF (23degreesC)]. Elevating the farm holding-room temperature by 8degreesF (4degreesC) for broiler breeder eggs would conserve energy on the farm and reduce the potential for egg sweating during transport to the hatchery. C1 ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Buhrt, RJ (reprint author), ARS, Poultry Proc & Meat Qual Res Unit, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, USDA, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. EM jbuhr@saa.ars.usda.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 705CG UT WOS:000184378200001 ER PT J AU Cox, NA Craven, SE Musgrove, MT Berrang, ME Stern, NJ AF Cox, NA Craven, SE Musgrove, MT Berrang, ME Stern, NJ TI Effect of sub-therapeutic levels of antimicrobials in feed on the intestinal carriage of Campylobacter and Salmonella in turkeys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial; bacitracin; Campylobacter; flavomycin; monensin; Salmonella; virginiamycin ID EIMERIA-TENELLA; CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; TYPHIMURIUM INFECTION; CHICKENS; COLONIZATION; ANTIBIOTICS; JEJUNI; ENTERITIDIS; EXCRETION; INVASION AB Since the 1950s, antimicrobials have been added to poultry feed at sub-therapeutic levels to minimize illness and promote growth. Despite the benefits to the agricultural industry and domestic animals, there are fierce debates worldwide on whether or not this practice carries a consequence in terms of human health. Turkeys and broilers provided these additives have increased weight gain, muscle yield, and feed conversion-in part due to decreases in diseases such as coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis. Benefits achieved by adding these compounds to animal feeds are attributed in part to a shift in the gut microflora. However, studies have been published in which it was determined that competitive exclusion cultures, administered to birds to control colonization by human pathogens such as Salmonella, can be negatively affected by antimicrobials commonly used in poultry rations. Other published studies have reported an increase in Salmonella levels when experimentally challenged birds were fed diets containing low levels of antimicrobials. This study demonstrated that although naturally occurring populations of Campylobacter were virtually unaffected by antimicrobial feed additives, Salmonella populations were significantly decreased when commercial turkeys were fed rations containing flavomycin, virginiamycin, or monensin. C1 ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Cox, NA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 12 IS 1 BP 32 EP 36 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 705CG UT WOS:000184378200006 ER PT J AU Bennett, DD Higgins, SE Moore, RW Beltran, R Caldwell, DJ Byrd, JA Hargis, BM AF Bennett, DD Higgins, SE Moore, RW Beltran, R Caldwell, DJ Byrd, JA Hargis, BM TI Effects of lime on Salmonella enteritidis survival in vitro SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE feed withdrawal; hydrated lime; Salmonella ID AGE BROILER-CHICKENS; FEED WITHDRAWAL; CROPS AB The presence of Salmonella or Campylobacter in poultry litter may contribute to contaminated processed carcasses by increasing the bacterial load of skin and feathers or by providing a source for upper gastrointestinal contamination during preharvest feed withdrawal. Presently, we evaluated the effect of added lime on survival of Salmonella enteritidis in used poultry litter during room temperature incubations for 24, 48, or 96 h. Addition of any concentration of lime evaluated markedly increased pH (control: 8.36; 5%: 12.13; 10%: 12.53; 20%: 12.57). Addition of lime resulted in significantly reduced Salmonella recovery incidence at 24 h. Interestingly, no further lime-associated reduction in Salmonella recovery was observed at 48 h. These data suggest that the addition of hydrated lime can markedly reduce Salmonella recovery in a relatively short time (<24 h). The effect and persistence of lime-associated pH elevations under commercial conditions remains to be evaluated. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, ARS, USDA, Food Anim Protect Res Lab, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hargis, BM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 1056-6171 J9 J APPL POULTRY RES JI J. Appl. Poult. Res. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 12 IS 1 BP 65 EP 68 PG 4 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 705CG UT WOS:000184378200011 ER PT J AU Lim, C Klesius, PH AF Lim, C Klesius, PH TI Influence of feed deprivation on hematology, macrophage chemotaxis, and resistance to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge of channel catfish SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; WEIGHT-GAIN; PUNCTATUS AB Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of four feeding regimens (no feeding, feeding once daily to satiation, feeding every other day to satiation, and no feeding for 3 weeks followed by feeding once daily to satiation during the fourth week) on the growth, feed efficiency, hematology, immune response, and resistance to Edwardsiella ictaluri of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Feed efficiency ratios were a reflection of weight gain and differed significantly (P < 0.05) among treatments in one experiment but not the other. Survival rates did not differ significantly among feeding regimens in either experiment. Fish that were not fed or fed only in the fourth week were anemic. Macrophage chemotaxis in response to an E. ictaluri exoantigen was significantly different among treatments, with the lowest response in the group that was not fed and the highest in the group that was fed daily. Mortality from enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC) was significantly lower for fish that were fed daily or every other day both before and after challenge than for fish that were not fed before and after challenge or not fed before challenge and fed afterwards. This study shows that fish that were fed less than to satiation once daily gained less weight, became anemic, and had reduced macrophage chemotaxis. Fish fed daily or every other day before or after challenge were more resistant to ESC than nonfed fish. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Lim, C (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. NR 26 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2003 VL 15 IS 1 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1577/1548-8667(2003)015<0013:IOFDOH>2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 685VK UT WOS:000183284200002 ER PT J AU Bilodeau, AL Waldbieser, GC Terhune, JS Wise, DJ Wolters, WR AF Bilodeau, AL Waldbieser, GC Terhune, JS Wise, DJ Wolters, WR TI A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay of the bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri in channel catfish SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PATHOGEN RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; PUNCTATUS RAFINESQUE; ENTERIC SEPTICEMIA; PCR; EXPOSURE; FISH; DNA; QUANTIFICATION; SURVIVAL; PRODUCT AB A rapid (4.5-h) and sensitive assay based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed to facilitate the early detection of Edwardsiella ictaluri in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. A 129-base-pair fragment of a sequence specific to E. ictaluri was amplified with both standard and real-time (quantitative) PCR. The sensitivity of detection was determined to be as low as the equivalent of 2.5 cells in DNA samples from both E. ictaluri cells and mixtures of blood from noninfected catfish and E. ictaluri cells. Infection levels (as determined by real-time PCR) in blood from experimentally challenged fish were compared with brain-heart-infusion-cultured bacterial colony counts to assess the accuracy of the PCR assay. The PCR-based detection level (the equivalent of 10(5)-10(8) cells/mL) was comparable to that of traditional culturing techniques (10(6)-10(7) cells/mL). In future applications, this assay will be applied in a comprehensive breeding program to select channel catfish that are resistant to enteric septicemia of catfish. C1 USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Delta Res & Extens Ctr, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Bilodeau, AL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Catfish Genet Res Unit, Thad Cochran Natl Warmwater Aquaculture Ctr, 141 Expt Stn Rd, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 29 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD MAR PY 2003 VL 15 IS 1 BP 80 EP 86 DI 10.1577/1548-8667(2003)015<0080:ARPCRA>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 685VK UT WOS:000183284200009 ER PT J AU Fujiwara, I Aravindan, R Horst, RL Drezner, MK AF Fujiwara, I Aravindan, R Horst, RL Drezner, MK TI Abnormal regulation of renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha-hydroxylase activity in X-linked hypophosphatemia: A translational or post-translational defect SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE rickets; phosphate; CYP27B1; parathyroid hormone; thyrocalcitonin ID VITAMIN-D METABOLISM; D-3 1-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE GENE; PARATHYROID-HORMONE; HYP MICE; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D-1-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE ACTIVITY; D-3-1-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE GENE; CALCITRIOL PRODUCTION; HUMAN KERATINOCYTES; GENERALIZED DEFECT; MAMMALIAN KIDNEY AB The hyp mouse exhibits abnormal metabolic/hormonal regulation of renal 25(OH)D-1alpha-hydroxylase activity. Whether this results from aberrant transcriptional regulation of the 1alpha-hydroxylase gene, CYP27B1, remains unknown. To investigate this possibility, we compared phosphate and parathyroid hormone effects on renal proximal convoluted tubule and thyrocalcitonin effects on proximal straight tubule enzyme activity and mRNA expression in normal and hyp mice. We assayed 25(OH)D-1alpha-hydroxylase activity by measuring 1,25(OH)(2)D production and mRNA by ribonuclease protection. Phosphate-depleted mice exhibited a 3-fold increment of 25(OH)D-1alpha-hydroxylase activity compared with normals, whereas hyp mice displayed no enhanced enzyme function. Phosphate-depleted mice concurrently displayed a 2-fold increase in mRNA transcripts; in contrast, despite failure to alter enzyme activity, hyp mice exhibited a similar increment in mRNA transcripts. Parathyroid hormone stimulation of normal mice increased 25(OH)D-1alpha-hydroxylase activity 10-fold,while eliciting only a 2-fold increment in hyp mouse enzyme function. This disparity occurred despite increments of mRNA transcripts to comparable levels (22.2 +/- 3.5- vs. 19.9 +/- 1.8-fold). The dissociation between phosphate- and parathyroid hormone-mediated transcriptional activity and protein function was not universal. Thus, thyrocalcitonin stimulation of normal and hyp mice resulted in comparable enhancement of mRNA transcripts and enzyme activity. These observations indicate that abnormal regulation of vitamin D metabolism in hyp mice occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule and results, not from aberrant transcriptional regulation, but from a defect in translational or post-translational activity. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Clin Sci Ctr H4 554, Dept Med, Madison, WI 53792 USA. William S Middleton Mem Vet Adm Med Ctr, CRECC, Madison, WI USA. Tohoku Univ, Dept Pediat, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. ARS, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, USDA, Ames, IA USA. RP Drezner, MK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Clin Sci Ctr H4 554, Dept Med, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792 USA. FU PHS HHS [R01-27032-22] NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 18 IS 3 BP 434 EP 442 DI 10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.3.434 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 648YC UT WOS:000181178400007 PM 12619927 ER PT J AU Kim, W Johnson, JW Graybosch, RA Gaines, CS AF Kim, W Johnson, JW Graybosch, RA Gaines, CS TI Physicochemical properties and end-use quality of wheat starch as a function of waxy protein alleles SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soft wheat; waxy; starch; granule-bound starch synthase ID TRITICUM-AESTIVUM L.; COMMON WHEAT; AMYLOSE; GELATINIZATION; ENDOSPERM; AMYLOPECTIN; GRANULE; GENES AB Soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) quality tests (milling and baking quality) and starch characteristics (amylose concentration, X-ray diffractograms, thermal properties and pasting properties) were determined for eight granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS: waxy protein) genotypes in a soft wheat background. Lines carrying two null alleles showed reduced amylose concentrations relative to those of single null and wild-type lines. Milling and baking quality traits were clearly different between waxy (triple null) and the other genotypes. Waxy lines showed the highest alkaline water retention (AWRC) capacity; even though, the protein concentration was not significantly different from some double null and single null lines. The typical A-type patterns of X-ray diffractograms were observed for all starches. Waxy starch showed higher crystallinity than non-waxy starches. Analysis by Rapid Viscoanalyser (RVA) showed distinctive differences among the eight genotypes. Waxy starches showed higher peak viscosity, lower peak temperature and shorter peak time than those of all other genotypes. The results suggest that baking quality of waxy wheat can not be predicted by either AWRC or protein concentration. The interactions based on biochemical analysis between protein and other fractions (amylose and amylopectin, damaged starch) of partially and fully waxy wheat flours must be assessed before baking quality can be predicted. Furthermore, waxy wheat may not be suitable for current application of soft wheat products; however, distinct properties of waxy starch may open the possibility of commercial use in novel applications. Also, double null and single null genotypes may be a good source of variation for specific end-use products. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Georgia Stn, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Univ Nebraska, USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. RP Johnson, JW (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, Georgia Stn, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 31 TC 48 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 17 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 37 IS 2 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.1006/jcrs.2002.0494 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 644XD UT WOS:000180945100010 ER PT J AU Howard, RW Lord, JC AF Howard, RW Lord, JC TI Cuticular lipids of the booklouse, Liposcelis bostrychophila: Hydrocarbons, aldehydes, fatty acids, and fatty acid amides SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Psocoptera; chemical ecology; physiological ecology; mass spectra; fatty acid; fatty amide; aldehyde; hydrocarbon; cuticular lipids ID PERMEABILITY; COMPONENTS; ATTACHMENT; CUTICLE; SURFACE AB The booklouse, Liposcelis bostrychophila, is an increasingly common pest of stored food products worldwide. We report here the cuticular lipid composition of this pest (the first report of the hydrocarbons of any member of the Order Psocoptera and the first report of fatty acid amides as cuticular components for any insect). No unsaturated hydrocarbons were present. A homologous series of n-alkanes (C-21-C-34), monomethyl alkanes (3-, 4-, 5-, 7-, 9-, 11-, 12-, 13- and 15-methyl-) with a carbon chain range of C-28-C-42, and dimethyl alkanes (3, 7-; 9, 13-; 11, 15-; 13, 17-; 9, 21-; 11, 19-; and 13, 21-) with a carbon number range of C-31-C-43 were identified. The relative abundances of these hydrocarbons were low, comprising approximately 0.0125% of total biomass. The amides were a homologous series (C-16-C-22 in chain length), with the major amide being stearoyl amide. In addition to the amides, free fatty acids (C-16:1, C-16:0, C-18:2, C-18:1, and C-18:0 in chain length) and three straight chain aldehydes (C-15, C-16, and C-17:1 in chain length) also occurred as cuticular components. These findings are discussed in terms of the chemical and physiological ecology of this species. C1 ARS, USDA, GMPRC, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. RP Howard, RW (reprint author), ARS, USDA, GMPRC, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 29 IS 3 BP 615 EP 627 DI 10.1023/A:1022806922246 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 656TH UT WOS:000181624200008 PM 12757323 ER PT J AU Nitao, JK Berhow, M Duval, SM Weisleder, D Vaughn, SF Zangerl, A Berenbaum, MR AF Nitao, JK Berhow, M Duval, SM Weisleder, D Vaughn, SF Zangerl, A Berenbaum, MR TI Characterization of furanocoumarin metabolites in parsnip webworm, Depressaria pastinacella SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytochrome p-450; insect-plant interactions; Papilio polyxenes; sphondin; xanthotoxin; Depressaria pastinacella; Furanocoumarin metabolites ID MECHANISM-BASED INACTIVATION; BLACK SWALLOWTAIL; WILD PARSNIP; DETOXIFICATION; INSECT; PLANT; 8-METHOXYPSORALEN; RESISTANCE; HERBIVORE; EVOLUTION AB Although metabolites of furanocoumarins have been characterized in a wide range of organisms, to date they have been identified in only a single insect species, Papilio polyxenes. Depressaria pastinacella, the parsnip webworm, like P. polyxenes a specialist on Apiaceae, routinely consumes plant tissues higher in furanocoumarin content than does P. polyxenes and is capable of faster cytochrome P-450-mediated detoxification of these compounds. In this study, we characterized metabolites of xanthotoxin, a linear furanocoumarin, and sphondin, an angular furanocoumarin, in midguts and frass of parsnip webworms. Two metabolites were isolated and identified from webworms fed artificial diet containing xanthotoxin. LC-ESI-MS analysis resulted in the determination of a MW of 266 for the compound in the frass and one of the compounds in the midgut; H-1 NMR confirmed its structure as 6-(7-hydroxy-8-methoxycoumaryl)-hydroxyacetic acid (HCHA). The second compound from the midgut had a MW of 252 and was identified by H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR analysis as 6-(7-hydroxy-8-methoxycoumaryl)-hydroxyethanol) (HMCH). Whereas HCHA has been found in frass of Papilio polyxenes fed xanthotoxin, HMCH has not been reported previously in insects. Although the first step of metabolism of xanthotoxin in webworms as well as P. polyxenes is likely the formation of an epoxide on the furan ring, angular furanocoumarin metabolism in webworms appears to differ. The principal metabolite of sphondin was identified as demethylated sphondin (6-hydroxy-2H-furo[2,3-h]-1-benzopyran-2-one) by LC-ESI-MS and confirmed by H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR analyses. That webworms produce metabolites of xanthotoxin in common not only with other Lepidoptera (e.g., HCHA) but with other vertebrates (e.g., HMCH) suggests a remarkable conservatism in the metabolic capabilities of cytochrome P-450s and raises the possibility that insects may share other detoxification reactions with vertebrates with respect to toxins in foodplants. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61601 USA. RP Berenbaum, MR (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Entomol, 320 Morrill Hall,505 S Goodwin, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0098-0331 J9 J CHEM ECOL JI J. Chem. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 29 IS 3 BP 671 EP 682 DI 10.1023/A:1022872704016 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 656TH UT WOS:000181624200012 PM 12757327 ER PT J AU Reynal, SM Broderick, GA AF Reynal, SM Broderick, GA TI Effects of feeding dairy cows protein supplements of varying ruminal degradability SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dairy cow; protein supplementation; in vivo degradation rate ID VOLATILE FATTY-ACIDS; FED ALFALFA SILAGE; LACTATING COWS; DIGESTA-FLOW; DIETS; CORN; CARBOHYDRATE; FERMENTATION; DEGRADATION; MARKERS AB Twenty-five (10 ruminally cannulated) Holstein cows averaging 82 +/- 34 d in milk were assigned to 5 x 5 Latin squares (21-d periods) and fed diets supplemented with one of four different proteins to assess effects on production, ruminal metabolism, omasal flow of N fractions, and degradation rates of protein supplements. Total mixed diets contained (dry matter basis) 44% corn silage, 22% alfalfa silage, 2% urea, and 31% concentrate. Five concentrate mixes were fed: 31% high-moisture shelled corn (HMSC; basal); 9% solvent soybean meal (SSBM), 22% HMSC 10% expeller soybean meal (ESBM), 21% HMSC 5.5% blood meal (BM), 25.5% HMSC and 7% corn gluten meal (CGM), 24% HMSC. Diets averaged, respectively, 15.8, 19.1, 19.7, 20.3, and 19.3% crude protein. Feeding the basal diet reduced intake and yield of milk, fat-corrected milk (FCM), and all milk components compared to the protein-supplemented diets. Milk yield was higher for cows fed ESBM and CGM, fat yield was higher for cows fed SSBM and CGM, but FCM and protein yields were not different among cows fed supplemental protein. Based on omasal sampling, mean in vivo estimates of ruminal degradation rate for the crude protein in SSBM, ESBM, BM, and CGM was, respectively, 0.417, 0.179, 0.098, and 0.051/h (computed using passage rates observed for the small particle phase; mean = 0.14/h), and 0.179, 0.077, 0.042, and 0.026/h (computed using a passage rate of 0.06/h). The in vivo degradation rate computed for SSBM at a passage rate = 0.06/h was similar to that estimated using the inhibitor in vitro method. However, in vivo degradation rates computed at passage rate = 0.06/h for ESBM, BM, and CGM were about two, four, and three times more rapid than those estimated by inhibitor in vitro. Experimental proteins fed in this trial will be used as standards for developing in vitro methods for predicting rates of ruminal protein degradation. C1 ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Dairy Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Broderick, GA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 30 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 86 IS 3 BP 835 EP 843 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73666-2 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 656HD UT WOS:000181601800018 PM 12703620 ER PT J AU Callaway, TR Elder, RO Keen, JE Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ AF Callaway, TR Elder, RO Keen, JE Anderson, RC Nisbet, DJ TI Forage feeding to reduce preharvest Escherichia coli populations in cattle, a review SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Escherichia coli; cattle; forage; feeding ID FEEDLOT CATTLE; ACID RESISTANCE; BEEF-CATTLE; DAIRY-CATTLE; O157-H7; PREVALENCE; SHEEP; RUMEN; DIET; 0157-H7 AB Although Escherichia coli are commensal organisms that reside within the host gut, some pathogenic strains of E. coli can cause hemorrhagic colitis in humans. The most notable enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strain is O157:H7. Cattle are asymptomatic natural reservoirs of E. coli O157:H7, and it has been reported that as many as 30% of all cattle are carriers of this pathogen, and in some circumstances this can be as high as 80%. Feedlot and high-producing dairy cattle are fed large grain rations in order to increase feed efficiency. When cattle are fed large grain rations, some starch escapes ruminal microbial degradation and passes to the hindgut where it is fermented. EHEC are capable of fermenting sugars released from starch breakdown in the colon, and populations of E. colt have been shown to be higher in grain fed cattle, and this has been correlated with E. coli O157:H7 shedding in barley fed cattle. When cattle were abruptly switched from a high grain (corn) diet to a forage diet, generic E. coli populations declined 1000-fold within 5 d, and the ability of the fecal generic E. coli population to survive an acid shock similar to the human gastric stomach decreased. Other researchers have shown that a switch from grain to hay caused a smaller decrease in E. coli populations, but did not observe the same effect on gastric shock survivability. In a study that used cattle naturally infected with E. coli O157:H7, fewer cattle shed E. coli O157:H7 when switched from a feedlot ration to a forage-based diet compared with cattle continuously fed a feedlot ration. Results indicate that switching cattle from grain to forage could potentially reduce EHEC populations in cattle prior to slaughter; however the economic impact of this needs to be examined. C1 ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Callaway, TR (reprint author), ARS, Food & Feed Safety Res Unit, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM callaway@ffsru.tamu.edu NR 70 TC 88 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC-ADSA PI CHAMPAIGN PA 2441 VILLAGE GREEN PL, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61822 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 86 IS 3 BP 852 EP 860 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73668-6 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 656HD UT WOS:000181601800020 PM 12703622 ER PT J AU VanRaden, PM Sanders, AH AF VanRaden, PM Sanders, AH TI Economic merit of crossbred and purebred US dairy cattle SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE crossbreeding; heterosis; breed difference ID GENETIC EVALUATION; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION; HERDLIFE; LENGTH; BLACK; COWS AB Heterosis and breed differences were estimated for milk yield traits, somatic cell score (SCS), and productive life (PL), a measure of longevity. Yield trait data were from 10,442 crossbreds and 140,421 purebreds born since 1990 in 572 herds. Productive life data were from 41,131 crossbred cows and 726,344 purebreds born from 1960 through 1991. The model for test-day yields and SCS included effects of herd-year-season, age, lactation stage, regression on sire's predicted transmitting ability, additive breed effects, heterosis, and recombination. The model for PL included herd-year-season, breed effects, and general heterosis. All effects were assumed to be additive, but estimates of heterosis were converted to a percentage of the parent breed average for reporting. Estimates of general heterosis were 3.4% for milk yield, 4.4% for fat yield, and 4.1% for protein yield. A coefficient of general recombination was derived for multiple-breed crosses, but recombination effects were not well estimated and small gains, not losses, were observed for yield traits in later generations. Heterosis for SCS was not significant. Estimated heterosis for PL was 1.2% of mean productive life and remained constant across the range of birth years. Protein yield of Brown Swiss x Holstein crossbreds (0.94 kg/d) equaled protein yield of purebred Holsteins. Fat yields of Jersey < Holstein and Brown Swiss x Holstein crossbreds (1.14 and 1.13 kg/d, respectively) slightly exceeded that of Holsteins (1.12 kg/d). With cheese yield pricing and with all traits considered, profit from these crosses exceeded that of Holsteins for matings at breed bases. For elite matings, Holsteins were favored because the range of evaluations is smaller and genetic progress is slower in breeds other than Holstein, in part because fewer bulls are sampled. A combined national evaluation of data for all breeds and crossbreds may be desirable but would require an extensive programming effort. Animals should receive credit for heterosis when considered as mates for another breed. C1 ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP VanRaden, PM (reprint author), ARS, Anim Improvement Programs Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 26 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 86 IS 3 BP 1036 EP 1044 DI 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73687-X PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 656HD UT WOS:000181601800039 PM 12703641 ER PT J AU Dimitri, C AF Dimitri, C TI American agriculture in the twentieth century. SO JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC HISTORY LA English DT Book Review C1 USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Dimitri, C (reprint author), USDA, ERS, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0022-0507 J9 J ECON HIST JI J. Econ. Hist. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 63 IS 1 BP 292 EP 293 PG 2 WC Economics; History; History Of Social Sciences SC Business & Economics; History; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 674ZB UT WOS:000182666900041 ER PT J AU Zvomuya, F Rosen, CJ Russelle, MP Gupta, SC AF Zvomuya, F Rosen, CJ Russelle, MP Gupta, SC TI Nitrate leaching and nitrogen recovery following application of polyolefin-coated urea to potato SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID YIELD RESPONSE; CROP RESPONSE; IRRIGATION; SOIL; MANAGEMENT; FERTILIZER; WATER; SIMULATION; CHLORIDE; QUALITY AB High N fertilizer and irrigation amounts applied to potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) on coarse-textured soils often result in nitrate (NO3) leaching and low recovery of applied fertilizer N. This 3-yr study compared the effects of two rates (140 and 280 kg N ha(-1)) of a single polyolefin-coated area (PCU) application versus split applications of area on 'Russet Burbank' potato yield and on NO3 leaching and N recovery efficiency (RE) on a loamy sand. Standard irrigation was applied in all years and excessive irrigation was used in another experiment in the third year. At the recommended rate of 280 kg N ha(-1), NO3 leaching during the growing season was 34 to 49% lower with PCU than three applications of area. Under standard irrigation in the third year, leaching from five applications of area (280 kg N ha(-1)) Was 38% higher than PCU. Under leaching conditions in the first year (greater than or equal to 25 mm drainage water in at least one 24-h period) and excessive irrigation in the third year, PCU at 280 kg N ha(-1) improved total and marketable tuber yields by 12 to 19% compared with three applications of urea. Fertilizer N RE estimated by the difference and N-15 isotope methods at the 280 kg N ha(-1) rate was, on average, higher with PCU (mean 50%) than area (mean 43%). Fertilizer N RE values estimated by the isotope method (mean 51%) were greater than those estimated by the difference, method (mean 47%). Results from this study indicate that PCU can reduce leaching and improve N recovery and tuber yield during seasons with high leaching. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. USDA ARS, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Rosen, CJ (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle,Room 439, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Rosen, Carl/L-2622-2013 OI Rosen, Carl/0000-0002-0098-2230 NR 38 TC 88 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 30 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 480 EP 489 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 656QK UT WOS:000181618300012 PM 12708671 ER PT J AU Shirazi, MA Johnson, CB Omernik, JM White, D Haggerty, PK Griffith, GE AF Shirazi, MA Johnson, CB Omernik, JM White, D Haggerty, PK Griffith, GE TI Quantitative soil descriptions for ecoregions of the United States SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AB Researchers have defined and mapped ecological regions of the United States based on similar patterns of ecosystems such as deserts, forests, and croplands. These studies are useful in regional research, monitoring, and environmental management because data can be more readily extrapolated within the same ecoregion and to regions with similar characteristics. The description of ecoregions is largely holistic and qualitative. Conversely, quantitative information for soil are abundant and soil is an important ecosystem component related to many ecoregion properties. We used the nationwide State Soil Geographic database (STATSGO) to describe the soils of 84 Level III ecoregions in the United States. Among the 24 soil characteristics studied were texture, rock fragments, available water capacity, bulk density, and organic matter content. For each ecoregion we developed ranks to describe (i) its similarity to the U.S. average soil characteristics, (ii) the accuracy of predicting those characteristics, (iiii) how well the soil map unit boundaries fit within ecoregion boundaries, (iv) the spatial relationship of soils across neighboring ecoregion boundaries, and (v) the homogeneity of texture-rock patterns. We present a national map of soil texture and rock fragments and five soil ranks for each ecoregion, and examine relationships between soils and other ecological components for selected ecoregions. Because soils relate to other ecosystem components such as vegetation, geology, and land use, the soil ranks complement and enrich the qualitative ecoregion descriptions. Similar analyses of physical or biological components of ecoregions will expand the understanding of the ecosystem patterns. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, NHEERL, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. USDA, Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Watershed Sci Inst, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Indus Corp, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Shirazi, MA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, NHEERL, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 550 EP 561 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 656QK UT WOS:000181618300020 PM 12708679 ER PT J AU Tomer, MD Meek, DW Jaynes, DB Hatfield, JL AF Tomer, MD Meek, DW Jaynes, DB Hatfield, JL TI Evaluation of nitrate nitrogen fluxes from a tile-drained watershed in central Iowa SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS; STREAM CHANNEL; QUALITY; DENITRIFICATION; HERBICIDES; PHOSPHORUS; CATCHMENT; WETLANDS; HYPOXIA AB Nitrate N fluxes from the-drained watersheds have been implicated in water quality studies of the Mississippi River basin, but actual NO3-N loads from small watersheds during long periods are poorly documented. We evaluated discharge and NO3-N fluxes passing the outlet of an Iowa watershed (5134 ha) and two of its the-drained subbasins (493 and 863 ha) from mid-1992 through 2000. The cumulative NO3-N load from the catchment was 168 kg ha(-1), and 176 and 229 kg ha(-1) from the subbasins. The outlet had greater total discharge (1831 mm) and smaller flow-weighted mean NO3-N concentration (9.2 mg L-1) than the subbasins, while the larger subbasins had greater (1712 vs. 1559 mm) and mean NO3-N concentration (13.4 vs. 11.3mg L-1) than the smaler subbasin. Concentrations exceeding 10 mg L-1 were common, but least frequent at the outlet. Nitrate N kyas generally not diluted by large flows, except during 1993 flooding. The outlet showed smaller NO3-N concentrations at low flows. Relationships between discharge and NO3-N. flux showed log-log slopes near 1.0 for the subbasins, and 1.2 for the outlet, considering autocorrelation and measurement-error effects. We estimated denitrification of subbasin NO3-N fluxes in a hypothetical wetland using published data. Assuming that temperature and NO3-N supply could limit denitrification, then about 20% of the NO3-N would have been denitrifled criteria. The low by a wetland constructed to meet USDA approved efficiency results from the seasonal timing and NO3-N content of large flows. Therefore, agricultural and wetland best management practices (BMPs) are needed to achieve water quality goals in the-drained watersheds. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Tomer, MD (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, 2150 Pammel Dr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 39 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 642 EP 653 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 656QK UT WOS:000181618300030 PM 12708689 ER PT J AU Adeli, A Varco, JJ Rowe, DE AF Adeli, A Varco, JJ Rowe, DE TI Swine effluent irrigation rate and timing effects on bermudagrass growth, nitrogen and phosphorus utilization, and residual soil nitrogen SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID LAGOON EFFLUENT; COASTAL BERMUDAGRASS; SURFACE APPLICATIONS; YIELD; TEMPERATURE; QUALITY; REMOVAL; NITRATE; AMMONIA; MANURE AB Maximizing utilization of effluent nutrients by forage grasses requires a better understanding of irrigation rate and timing effects. This study was conducted in 1998 and 1999 on a Vaiden silty clay (very-fine, smectitic, thermic Aquic Dystrudert) soil to determine the effects of swine lagoon effluent irrigation rate and timing on bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] growth, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) recovery, and postseason soil profile No-3(-)-N. Treatments consisted of swine effluent irrigation at the rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 ha-cm. Two additional treatments included 2.5 ha-cm applied on 1 September and 1 October in addition to a base summer rate of 10 ha-cm. In both years for early to mid-season irrigation, bermudagrass dry matter yield quadratically increased with increasing swine effluent irrigation rates. Averaged across years, effluent irrigation in October resulted in 30% less dry matter than in September. For late-season irrigation, apparent N recovery averaged 59% less and P recovery averaged 46% less with a delay in irrigation from 1 September to 1 October. The greatest quantity of soil NO3--N was associated with both the greatest effluent rate and October irrigation treatments. Minimal yield benefit was obtained when effluent was applied at rates greater than 10 ha-cm during the summer months. Late-season irrigation, especially after 1 October for areas with similar climatic conditions, should be avoided to maximize synchronization of nutrient availability with maximum growth rates to minimize potential offsite movement of residual soil N and-P. C1 USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Plant & Soil Sci Dep, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Adeli, A (reprint author), USDA ARS, Waste Management & Forage Res Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 25 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 681 EP 686 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 656QK UT WOS:000181618300034 PM 12708693 ER PT J AU Dao, TH AF Dao, TH TI Polyvalent cation effects on myo-inositol Hexakis dihydrogenphosphate enzymatic dephosphorylation in dairy wastewater SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID PHYTIC ACID; PHOSPHORUS EXTRACTABILITY; INTESTINAL CONTENTS; PHYTASE; MANURE; HEXAPHOSPHATES; PERFORMANCE; CHLORIDE; RELEASE; DIETS AB Information is needed on, organic polyphosphates such as myoinositol 1,2,3,5/4,6-hexakis dihydrogenphosphate or phytate. (IP6) contribution to the sources and sinks of dissolved phosphorus (PO4-P) in the soil-manure-water system. Effects of Na+, Ca2+, Al3+, and Fe3+ and cation to IP6-p mole-ratios on the enzymatic dephosphorylation of IP6 were studied to determine controlling mechanisms of dephosphorylation-and persistence in manure. Phytate- and PO4-P were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Phytate de-phosphorylation by abergillus ficuum (Reichardt) Henn. phytase EC 3.1.3.8 decreases by 50 +/- 3.6 and 40 +/- 4% at pH 4.5 and 6, respectively, as Ca2+ concentrations increase and cation to IP6-P mole ratios reach 6:6. Polyanionic IP6 has a high affinity for Al3+ and Fe3+ and reductions in dephosphorylation average 27 and 32% at a cation to IP6-P mole ratio of 1:6 for Al3+ and Fe3+ respectively, while reaching more than 99% at a mole ration of 6:6. A phyfase-hydrolyzable. phosphorus (PHP)Iractioii is native to ruminant animal manure and is proportional to total solids (TS) concentration in 1 to 100 g L-1 suspensions. Added phytase, in effect, increases water-extractable content of manure and the risk of environmental P dispersion. As the bioavailability and ecological effect of IP6-P appear to be regulated not only by pH-controlled enzyme activity but also by the associated counterions, the differential protective effects of cations influence the accuracy of manure PHP fraction estimates and increase phytate resistance to enzymatic deokosphorylation that may lead to its persistence in manure. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Manure & By Prod Lab, BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dao, TH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Manure & By Prod Lab, BARC East, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 35 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 694 EP 701 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 656QK UT WOS:000181618300036 PM 12708695 ER PT J AU Vellidis, G Lowrance, R Gay, P Hubbard, RK AF Vellidis, G Lowrance, R Gay, P Hubbard, RK TI Nutrient transport in a restored riparian wetland SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID FOREST BUFFER SYSTEM; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; HERBICIDE TRANSPORT; FILTER STRIPS; COASTAL-PLAIN; PHOSPHORUS; QUALITY; DENITRIFICATION; ATTENUATION; GROUNDWATER AB We determined the water quality effect of a restored forested riparian wetland adjacent to a manure application I area and a heavily fertilized pasture in the. Georgia Coastal Plain. The buffer system Was managed based on USDA recommendations and averaged 38 in in width. Water quality and hydrology data were collected from 1991-1999. A nitrate plume in shallow ground water with concentrations exceeding 10 mg NO3-NL-1 moved into the restored forested riparian wetland. Along most of the plume front, concentrations were less than 4 mg NO3-N L-1 within 25 m. Two preferential flow paths. associated with past hydrologic modifications to the site allowed the nitrate plume to progress further into the restored forested riparian wetland. Surface runoff total N, dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), and total P concentrations averaged 8.63 mg N L-1, 1.37 mg P L-1, and 1.48 mg P L-1, respectively, at the field edge and were reduced to 4.18 mg N L-1, 0.31 mg P L-1, and 0.36 mg P L-1, respectively, at the restored forested riparian wetland outlet. Water and nutrient mass balance showed that retiantion and removal rates for nitrogen species ranged from a high of 78% for nitrate to a low of 52% for ammonium. Retention rates for both DRP and total P were 66%. Most of the N retention and removal was accounted for by denitrification. Mean annual concentrations of total N and total P leaving the restored forested riparian wetland were 1.98 mg N L-1 and 0.24 mg P L-1, respectively. C1 Univ Georgia, Biol & Agr Engn Dep, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Vellidis, G (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Biol & Agr Engn Dep, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 54 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 711 EP 726 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 656QK UT WOS:000181618300038 PM 12708697 ER PT J AU Hunt, PG Matheny, TA Szogi, AA AF Hunt, PG Matheny, TA Szogi, AA TI Denitrification in constructed wetlands used for treatment of swine wastewater SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WATER TREATMENT; SOILS AB Constructed wetland treatment of swine wastewater probably in volves substantial denitrification. Our objective was to assess denitrifi- cation and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) in such wetlands in relation to plant communities, N loading, carbon or nitrogen limitations, and water depth. Two wetland cells each 3.6 in wide and 33.5 in long were connected in series. One set of cells was planted with rushes and bulrushes, including soft rush (Juncus effusus L.), softstem bulrush [Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (K.C. Gmel.) Palla], American americanus (Pers.) Volkart ex Schinz & R. bulrush [Schoenoplectus Keller], and woolgrass bulrush [Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth]. Another set was planted with bur-reeds and cattails, including American bur-reed (Sparganium americanum Nutt.), broadleaf cattail (Typha latifolia L.), and narrowleaf cattail (Typha angustifolia L.). The sets Will be referred to herein as bulrush and cattail wetlands, respectively. Denitrification and DEA were measured via the acetylene inhibition method in intact soil cores and disturbed-soil samples that were taken during four years (1994-1997). Although DEA in the disturbed-samples was greater than denitrification in the core samples, the measurements were highly correlated (r(2) greater than or equal to 0.82). The DEA was greater in the bulrush wetlands than the cattail wetlands, 0.516 and 0.210 mg N kg(-1) soil h(-1), respectively; and it increased with the cumulative applied us N. The DEA mean was equivalent to 9.55 kg N ha(-1) d(-1) wetlands. We hypothesized and confirmed that DEA was generally limited by nitrate rather than carbon. Moreover, we determined that one of the most influential factors in DEA was wetland water depth. In bulrush wetlands, the slope and il values.of the control treatment were -0.613 ing N kg(-1) soil h(-1) mm(-1) depth and r(2) = 0.89, respectively. Results of this investigation indicate that DEA can be very significant in constructed wetlands used to treat swine wastewater. C1 USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. RP Hunt, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Coastal Plain Soil Water & Plant Res Ctr, Florence, SC 29501 USA. NR 21 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 18 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 727 EP 735 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 656QK UT WOS:000181618300039 PM 12708698 ER PT J AU Lucero, ME Estell, RE Fredrickson, EL AF Lucero, ME Estell, RE Fredrickson, EL TI The essential oil composition of Psorothamnus scoparius (A. Gray) Rydb. SO JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Psorothamnus scoparius; Fabacae; broom dalea; essential oil composition; p-cymene; gamma-terpinene ID TARBUSH; SHEEP AB Psorothamnus scoparius (broom dalea) was collected from the Jornada Experimental Range in south central New Mexico. Current year's growth was collected from 10 plants, all found within an approximate 50 in radius of the GPS coordinates N32degrees41.286' and W106degrees46.922' during June, 2000. Composite samples were steam distilled, and the essential oil was analyzed using GC with FID and GUMS. Mass spectra and retention indices were used to identify 64 compounds. Retention indices and EI mass spectra are also provided for 15 unknowns. gamma-Terpinene (22.3%), p-cymene (14.0%) and alpha-pinene (9.0%) were the major constituents of the oil. C1 USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Lucero, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Box 30003,MSC 3JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALLURED PUBL CORP PI CAROL STREAM PA 362 S SCHMALE RD, CAROL STREAM, IL 60188-2787 USA SN 1041-2905 J9 J ESSENT OIL RES JI J. Essent. Oil Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 15 IS 2 BP 108 EP 111 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 655NT UT WOS:000181559500020 ER PT J AU Thippareddi, H Juneja, VK Phebus, RK Marsden, JL Kastner, CL AF Thippareddi, H Juneja, VK Phebus, RK Marsden, JL Kastner, CL TI Control of Clostridium perfringens germination and outgrowth by buffered sodium citrate during chilling of roast beef and injected pork SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID GROUND-BEEF; FOODBORNE DISEASE; TOXIN PRODUCTION; UNITED-STATES; COOLING RATE; TURKEY; BOTULINUM; GROWTH; HEAT; OUTBREAKS AB Inhibition of the germination and outgrowth of Clostridium perfringens by buffered sodium citrate (Iona]) and buffered sodium citrate supplemented with sodium diacetate (Ional Plus) during the abusive chilling of roast beef and injected pork was evaluated. Beef top rounds or pork loins were injected with a brine containing NaCl, potato starch, and potassium tetrapyrophosphate to yield final in-product concentrations of 0.85, 0.25, and 0.20%, respectively. Products were ground and mixed with Ional or Ional Plus at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0%. Each product was mixed with a three-strain C. perfringens spore cocktail to obtain final spore concentrations of ca. 2.5 log(10) spores per g. Chilling of roast beef from 54.4 to 7.2degreesC resulted in C. perfringens population increases of 1.51 and 5.27 log(10) CFU/g for 18- and 21-h exponential chill rates, respectively, while chilling of injected pork resulted in increases of 3.70 and 4.41 log(10) CFU/g. The incorporation of tonal into the roast beef formulation resulted in C. perfringens population reductions of 0.98, 1.87, and 2.47 log(10) CFU/g with 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% Ional, respectively, over 18 h of chilling, while greater than or equal to1.0% Ional Plus was required to achieve similar reductions (reductions of 0.91 and 2.07 log(10) CFU/g were obtained with 1.0 and 2.0% Ional Plus, respectively). An Ional or Iona] Plus concentration of greater than or equal to1.0% was required to reduce C. perfringens populations in roast beef or injected pork chilled from 54.4 to 7.2degreesC in 21 h. Cooling times for roast beef or injected pork products after heat processing can be extended to 21 h through the incorporation of greater than or equal to1.0% Ional or Ional Plus into the formulation to reduce the potential risk of C. perfringens germination and outgrowth. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Kansas State Univ, Inst Food Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Thippareddi, H (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 35 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 66 IS 3 BP 376 EP 381 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 656HG UT WOS:000181602100004 PM 12636288 ER PT J AU Novak, JS Yuan, JTC AF Novak, JS Yuan, JTC TI Viability of Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, and listeria monocytogenes surviving mild heat or aqueous ozone treatment on beef followed by heat, alkali, or salt stress SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID VEGETATIVE CELLS; SHOCK; RESISTANCE; QUALITY; MICROORGANISMS; SPOILAGE; O157-H7; SPORES; PHASE; FOODS AB The threat of pathogen survival following ozone treatment of meat necessitates careful evaluation of the microorganisms surviving under such circumstances. The objective of this study was to determine whether sublethal aqueous ozone treatment (3 ppm of O-3 for 5 min) of microorganisms on beef surfaces would result in increased or decreased survival with respect to subsequent heat, alkali, or NaCl stress. A mild heat treatment (55degreesC for 30 min) was used for comparison. Reductions in three-strain cocktails of Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes on beef following the heat treatment were 0.14, 0.77, and 1.47 log(10) CFU/g, respectively, whereas reductions following ozone treatment were 1.28, 0.85, and 1.09 log(10) CFU/g, respectively. C perfringens cells exhibited elevated heat resistance at 60degreesC (D-60 [time at 60degreesC required to reduce the viable cell population by 1 log(10) units or 90%] = 17.76 min) following heat treatment of beef (55degreesC for 30 min) but exhibited reduced viability at 60degreesC following ozone treatment (D-60 = 7.64 min) compared with the viability of untreated control cells (D-60 = 13.84 min). The D-60-values for L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7 following heat and ozone exposures were not significantly different (P > 0.05). C. perfringens cells that survived ozone treatment did not exhibit increased resistance to pH (pH 6 to 12) relative to non-ozone-treated cells when grown at 37degreesC for 24 h. The heat treatment also resulted in decreased numbers of surviving cells above and below neutral pH values for both E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes relative to those of non-heat-treated cells grown at 37degreesC for 24 h. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in C. perfringens reductions with increasing NaCl concentrations. The effects of NaCl were less apparent for E. coli and L. monocytogenes survivors. It is concluded that pathogens surviving ozone treatment of beef are less likely to endanger food safety than are those surviving sublethal heat treatments. C1 ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Amer Air Liquide, Chicago Res Ctr, Countryside, IL 60525 USA. RP Novak, JS (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 14 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 66 IS 3 BP 382 EP 389 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 656HG UT WOS:000181602100005 PM 12636289 ER PT J AU Simmons, M Fletcher, DL Cason, JA Berrang, ME AF Simmons, M Fletcher, DL Cason, JA Berrang, ME TI Recovery of Salmonella from retail broilers by a whole-carcass enrichment procedure SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; CHICKEN PRODUCTS; SAMPLING METHODS; POULTRY CARCASSES; FROZEN CHICKEN; CONTAMINATION; PREVALENCE; AREA; ENTERITIDIS; SEROTYPES AB Fresh whole broiler carcasses were purchased from grocery stores over a 20-week period. Carcasses were selected on the basis of their having intact packages and unique U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) plant numbers and sell-by dates, such that each bird represented a single processing plant-processing day combination. Carcasses were tested for Salmonella with a rinse aliquot obtained after whole-bird incubation in the rinse media for 24 It. On the basis of the number of unique processing plants (USDA plant numbers) and expiration dates involved, the number of birds available each week ranged from 6 to 17. Over the 20-week period, 251 independent carcasses from 14 processing plants were tested. The percentages of carcasses testing positive for Salmonella ranged from 0 (for 1 week) to >60% (for 3 weeks). For only 4 of the 20 weeks was an incidence of Salmonella-positive carcasses of <20% found. For the entire 20-week study, 85 (33.9%) of the 251 carcasses tested were found to be Salmonella positive. For those processing plants from which >10 carcasses were obtained, the percentages of carcasses testing positive for Salmonella ranged from <20 (two plants) to >40% (four plants). These results indicate that a whole-carcass enrichment may be more sensitive for the detection of Salmonella-positive carcasses than the traditional whole-carcass rinse followed by immediate testing of a subsample aliquot when small numbers of Salmonella are expected. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Fletcher, DL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Poultry Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 47 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 66 IS 3 BP 446 EP 450 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 656HG UT WOS:000181602100015 PM 12636299 ER PT J AU Mahoney, N Molyneux, RJ Mckenna, J Leslie, CA Mcgranahan, G AF Mahoney, N Molyneux, RJ Mckenna, J Leslie, CA Mcgranahan, G TI Resistance of 'Tulare' Walnut (Juglans regia cv. Tulare) to aflatoxigenesis SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE walnut; Juglans regia; seed coat; aflatoxin; Aspergillus flavus ID BIOSYNTHESIS AB The ability of tree nuts to inhibit production of aflatoxins by Aspergillus flavus was investigated in vitro. Walnuts were much more resistant to aflatoxin formation than almonds or pistachios. The walnut cultivar 'Tulare' showed complete suppression of toxin production. Kernel without seed coat had no activity and the inhibitory factor(s) were shown to be specifically located in seed coat tissue. When seed coat was added back to 'Tulare' kernel media, aflatoxin was decreased to the detection limit or below. Aflatoxin production declined rapidly with seed coat maturity and was independent of growing location and rootstock. Breeding programs could increase resistance, enhancing marketability and safety of walnuts for human consumption. C1 ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pomol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Molyneux, RJ (reprint author), ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Plant Mycotoxin Res Unit, 800 Buchanan St, Albany, CA 94710 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 2 BP 619 EP 622 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb05720.x PG 4 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 714JN UT WOS:000184910300034 ER PT J AU Garzon, GA Gaines, CS Palmquist, DE AF Garzon, GA Gaines, CS Palmquist, DE TI Use of wheat flour-lipid and waxy maize starch-lipid composites in wire-cut formula cookies SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE starch-lipid composite; shortening replacement; pasting properties; cookie attributes ID EMULSIFYING AGENTS; FAT REPLACERS; QUALITY; AMYLOSE; TEXTURE AB Wheat flour-lipid composite (WFLC) and waxy maize starch-lipid composite (WMSLC) had small or no effect on cookie diameter when substituted for, 18%, 30%, and 42% shortening in wire-cut formula cookies. Higher levels of replacement made cookies softer than the control. At 42% replacement, WMSLC produced larger cookies than WFLC. Cookie stack height increased using 30% and 42% shortening substitution. Cookies with WFLC were thicker, softer, and lighter in color than cookies with WMSLC. Composites increased cookie moisture and water activity. Glucose addition increased cookie diameter and chroma but decreased hue angle and CIE L* values. WFLC exhibited higher water-binding capacity, pasting breakdown, and setback than WMSLC. C1 Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. ARS, USDA, Midwest Area, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gaines, CS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, USDA ARS, Soft Wheat Qual Lab, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 6 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 2 BP 654 EP 659 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb05726.x PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 714JN UT WOS:000184910300040 ER PT J AU Yeung, CK Glahn, RP Wu, X Liu, RH Miller, DD AF Yeung, CK Glahn, RP Wu, X Liu, RH Miller, DD TI In vitro iron bioavailability and antioxidant activity of raisins SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE raisins; iron; bioavailability; antioxidant activity; Caco-2 cell culture ID CELL-CULTURE MODEL; ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID; SCAVENGING CAPACITY; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; ASCORBIC-ACID; TANNIC-ACID; FORTIFICATION; AVAILABILITY; ABSORPTION; POLYPHENOLS AB Iron bioavailabilities and antioxidant activities of 3 generic raisin types-Golden Thompson, Dipped Thompson, and Sun-dried Thompson-were quantified and compared. Iron bioavailability was assessed with an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture model using cell ferritin formation as an index of iron bioavailability. Antioxidant activity was determined using the total oxyradical-scavenging capacity (TOSC) assay. Ferritin formation in Caco-2 cells was low for all 3 raisin types, indicating low iron bioavailability. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) enhanced iron bioavailability from raisins but ascorbic, citric, and tartaric acids showed no effect. Antioxidant activity was significantly higher in Golden Thompson than Dipped Thompson and Sun-dried Thompson, suggesting that enzymatic browning negatively affected antioxidant activity. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, USDA, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Miller, DD (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Liu, Rui Hai/C-2865-2008 NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 10 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 2 BP 701 EP 705 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb05735.x PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 714JN UT WOS:000184910300049 ER PT J AU May, DM AF May, DM TI The right tools: Managing for fire using FIA inventory data SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP May, DM (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 101 IS 2 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 648KT UT WOS:000181151100004 ER PT J AU Woodall, CW AF Woodall, CW TI Coming soon: A national assessment of fuel loadings SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Woodall, CW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 101 IS 2 BP 4 EP 5 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 648KT UT WOS:000181151100005 ER PT J AU Vissage, JS AF Vissage, JS TI Fuel-reduction treatment: A West-wide assessment of opportunities SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Vissage, JS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, 1992 Folwell Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 101 IS 2 BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 648KT UT WOS:000181151100006 ER PT J AU Fiedler, CE Keegan, CE Morgan, TA Woodall, CW AF Fiedler, CE Keegan, CE Morgan, TA Woodall, CW TI Fire hazard and potential treatment effectiveness: A statewide assessment in Montana SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Univ Montana, Bur Business & Econ Res, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, St Paul, MN USA. RP Fiedler, CE (reprint author), Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. RI Woodall, Christopher/D-7757-2012 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 101 IS 2 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 648KT UT WOS:000181151100007 ER PT J AU Fried, JS Barbour, R Fight, R AF Fried, JS Barbour, R Fight, R TI FIA BioSum: Applying a multiscale evaluation tool in southwest Oregon SO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY LA English DT Article C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Fried, JS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, 620 SW Main St, Portland, OR 97205 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1201 J9 J FOREST JI J. For. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 101 IS 2 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 648KT UT WOS:000181151100008 ER PT J AU Frey, AP Bozek, MA Edwards, CJ Newman, SP AF Frey, AP Bozek, MA Edwards, CJ Newman, SP TI Diet overlap and predation between smallmouth bass and walleye in a north temperate lake SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM-VITREUM; YELLOW PERCH; MICROPTERUS-DOLOMIEUI; COLUMBIA RIVER; FISH; FOOD; ERIE; POPULATION; WISCONSIN; SALMONIDS AB Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) diets from Big Crooked Lake, Wisconsin were examined to assess the degree of diet overlap and predation occurring between these species in an attempt to determine whether walleye influence smallmouth bass recruitment, which is consistently low compared to proximal lakes that do not have walleye. Of 389 adult walleye stomachs examined from June 1999 through March 2000, a total of 879 prey fish was found, but only one was identified as a smallmouth bass. In 303 smallmouth bass stomachs examined, 55 prey fish were found and no cannibalism was evident, nor were walleye preyed upon. Dietary overlap using the Schoener resource overlap index was 0.416, 0.293 and 0.205 for the months June, July and August 1999, respectively, indicating that there was not a significant dietary overlap during summer months. Because neither diet overlap nor predation appeared substantial in Big Crooked Lake, additional research on interactions among younger age classes of walleye, interactions at other times of the year, and interactions with other species are needed to elucidate limitations to smallmouth bass recruitment in this system. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Wisconsin Cooperat Fisheries Res Unit, Biol Resources Div,USGS, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Woodruff, WI 54568 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Frey, AP (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Coll Nat Resources, Wisconsin Cooperat Fisheries Res Unit, Biol Resources Div,USGS, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 18 IS 1 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1080/02705060.2003.9663950 PG 12 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 650YG UT WOS:000181291800005 ER PT J AU Meneks, ML Vondracek, B Hatch, J AF Meneks, ML Vondracek, B Hatch, J TI Larval fish as indicators of reproductive success in unchannelized and channelized tributaries of the Red River Basin, Minnesota SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREAM AB During 1998 and 1999, larval fish phenology, abundance, and diversity were characterized at 13 reaches in the Buffalo River and Sand Hill River, tributaries of the Red River of the North. Channelized reaches were less stable than unchannelized reaches, showing more overall variation and greater daily fluctuation in temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO), and a higher level of intermittent flow. These reaches also exhibited significantly lower larval diversity. Principal component analysis explained > 84% of the variance for the first two axes for larval catch, with axis I associated with channelization and axis 2 associated with temperature and DO. Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) was associated with channelized reaches, whereas spotfin shiner (Cyprinella spiloptera), common shiner (Luxilis cornutus), redhorse (Moxostoma spp.), and darters (Etheostoma spp.) were associated with unchannelized reaches in both years. Clear associations of reproductive guilds with channel type were not detected, but species of intermediate pollution tolerance were associated with unchannelized reaches and tolerant species were associated with channelized reaches. C1 Univ Minnesota, Gen Coll, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, James Ford Bell Museum Nat Hist, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Minnesota, Biol Resources Div, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, US Geol Survey, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Fisheries Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Minnesota Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Meneks, ML (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Stanislaus Natl Forest, 19777 Greenley Rd, Sonora, CA 95370 USA. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 7 PU OIKOS PUBL INC PI LA CROSSE PA PO BOX 2558, LA CROSSE, WI 54601 USA SN 0270-5060 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 18 IS 1 BP 141 EP 154 DI 10.1080/02705060.2003.9663960 PG 14 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 650YG UT WOS:000181291800015 ER PT J AU Owens, RA Thompson, SM Kramer, M AF Owens, RA Thompson, SM Kramer, M TI Identification of neutral mutants surrounding two naturally occurring variants of Potato spindle tuber viroid SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY STRUCTURE; SEQUENCE VARIANTS; EVOLUTION; HOP; RNA; PATHOGENICITY; MUTAGENESIS; EXISTENCE; ORIGIN; PSTVD AB Single point mutations in the pathogenicity domain of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) can have a dramatic effect on disease expression, and only three substitutions are required for the spontaneous conversion of the type strain PSTVd-Intermediate to the rapidly replicating, highly pathogenic variant RG1 (Gruner et al., Virology 209, 60-69, 1995). To identify available evolutionary pathways linking these two variants, we mutagenized five positions in an infectious cDNA copy of PSTVd-Intermediate and screened the resulting mixture of 768 sequences for neutral or near-neutral mutants. Numerical simulations based on the bioassay data indicate that the 23 variants recovered represent >80 % of all such sequences. RG1 was the only naturally occurring variant recovered, and the overall pattern of sequence changes observed indicates that PSTVd-Int occupies a comparatively steep peak within the fitness landscape. C1 USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Owens, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 84 BP 751 EP 756 DI 10.1099/vir.0.18755-0 PN 3 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 649ZH UT WOS:000181237500029 PM 12604828 ER PT J AU Masler, EP AF Masler, EP TI In vitro metabolism of an insect neuropeptide by homogenates of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans SO JOURNAL OF HELMINTHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASCARIS-SUUM MUSCLE; AMINOPEPTIDASE; PEPTIDES; ENDOPEPTIDASE; FAMILY; NEPRILYSIN; GENE; AF1 AB The cytosolic fraction of homogenates from the free-living soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is capable of metabolizing the insect neuropeptide adipokinetic hormone, a decapeptide blocked at the N-terminus by a pGlu residue. Analysis of digests by RP-HPLC and LC-MS revealed that an initial endoproteolytic cleavage step produced a heptapeptide with an unblocked N-terminus that can serve as a substrate for aminopeptidases. The aminopeptidase activity is depressed in the presence of the inhibitor amastatin; the initial product of the endoproteolytic step accumulates during incubation, and expected aminopeptidase product peptides are reduced in amount, as assessed by chromatographic peak size. The absence of some expected peptide fragments in the reaction mixtures suggests that multiple proteases contribute to short peptide half-lives. Comparison of the adipokinetic hormone digestion in C. elegans to that reported previously for insects reveals the same general pattern of peptide fragment production. C1 ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Masler, EP (reprint author), ARS, Nematol Lab, USDA, BARC West, 10300 Baltimore Blvd,R-165B,B-011A, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-149X J9 J HELMINTHOL JI J. Helminthol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 77 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1079/JOH2002152 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 646DJ UT WOS:000181019300009 PM 12590664 ER PT J AU Shelly, TE Kennelly, SS AF Shelly, TE Kennelly, SS TI Starvation and the mating success of wild male Mediterranean fruit flies (Diptera : Tephritidae) SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Ceratitis capitata; male mating success; nutrition ID SEXUAL SELECTION; MALE COURTSHIP; FIELD CRICKET; FLY; BEHAVIOR; DURATION; RESERVES; DIET AB Recent evidence suggests that the nutritional state of male Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) (medfly), is an important influence on various components of their reproductive biology, including mating success. The objective of the present study was to examine experimentally the effect of temporary starvation on the mating success of wild male C. capitata. Males were maintained on protein-sugar or sugar-only diets, and for each diet we compared the mating success of continuously fed males versus males starved for 18 or 24 h immediately before testing. In trials conducted on field-caged, host trees, males starved for 24 h obtained only about half as many matings as fed males for both diets. However, when the starvation period was 18 h, starved males reared on the protein-sugar diet mated significantly less frequently than fed males, whereas starved males reared on sugar mated as often as fed males. Measurements of male pheromone calling and female attraction revealed that reduced mating success likely reflected the decreased signaling activity of starved males. C1 USDA, APHIS, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. Univ Hawaii, Hawaiian Evolutionary Biol Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Shelly, TE (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, POB 1040, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 16 IS 2 BP 171 EP 179 DI 10.1023/A:1023926717088 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 683BJ UT WOS:000183126600001 ER PT J AU Raina, AK Bland, JM Dickens, JC Park, YI Hollister, B AF Raina, AK Bland, JM Dickens, JC Park, YI Hollister, B TI Premating behavior of dealates of the Formosan subterranean termite and evidence for the presence of a contact sex pheromone SO JOURNAL OF INSECT BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE contact sex pheromone; Coptotermes formosanus; swarming; tandem behavior; termites ID RHINOTERMITIDAE; ISOPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; SANTONENSIS AB Swarming by alates of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, occurs around dusk during April-June in Louisiana and adjoining states. Dispersal is the primary purpose for swarming. We studied the premating behavior, following swarming. Loss of wings, especially in females, was essential for successful formation of tandem pairs between the two sexes. No calling was observed and apparently a long-range volatile sex pheromone, reported in some other species of termites, may not be involved in mate attraction in C. formosanus. Males moving randomly use their antennae to detect a female, and, together with maxillary and labial palps, contact is maintained with her while in tandem. Previously mated males paired with virgin females showed tandem behavior. The incidence was very low when both males and females were previously mated and then paired. Males with complete ablation of antennae did not form tandem pairs. Ablation of 10 terminal antennal segments or the labial palps caused a significant increase in the time to initiate tandem behavior. Electrophysiological recordings from gustatory sensilla on both antennae and maxillary palps revealed increased neural activity in response to female abdominal tip extracts compared to activity elicited by a solvent control. Analysis of extracts of male and female abdominal tips using high-performance liquid chromatography showed a peak unique to the female extract. We discuss the presence of a nonvolatile chemical in female C. formosanus and its involvement in the specific premating behavior. C1 ARS, USDA, FSTRU, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. ARS, Chem Affecting Insect Behav Lab, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Raina, AK (reprint author), ARS, USDA, FSTRU, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-7553 J9 J INSECT BEHAV JI J. Insect Behav. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 16 IS 2 BP 233 EP 245 DI 10.1023/A:1023967818906 PG 13 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 683BJ UT WOS:000183126600005 ER PT J AU Cabanillas, HE AF Cabanillas, HE TI Susceptibility of the boll weevil to Steinernema riobrave and other entomopathogenic nematodes SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Steinernema riobrave; S. riobravis; Anthonomus grandis; the cotton boll weevil; biological control; entomopathogenic nematodes; soil moisture; cotton ID HELICOVERPA-ZEA LEPIDOPTERA; DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS; FORAGING STRATEGY; CORN-EARWORM; RHABDITIDA; INFECTIVITY; CARPOCAPSAE; LARVAE; SEX; HETERORHABDITIS AB The susceptibility of the boll weevil (BW), Anthonomus grandis Boheman, to Steinernema riobrave and other nematode species in petri dishes, soil (Hidalgo sandy clay loam), and cotton bolls and squares was investigated. Third instar weevils were susceptible to entomopathogenic nematode (EN) species and strains in petri dish bioassays at 30degreesC. Lower LC50's occurred with S. riobrave TX-355 (2 nematodes per weevil), S. glaseri NC (3), Heterorhabditis indicus HOM-1 (5), and H. bacteriophora HbL (7) than H. bacteriophora IN (13), S. riobrave TX (14), and H. bacteriophora HP88 (21). When infective juveniles (IJs) of S. riobrave were applied to weevils on filter paper at 25 degreesC, the LC50 of S. riobrave TX for first, second, and third instars, pupae, and 1-day-old and 10-days-old adult weevils were 4, 5, 4, 12, 13, and 11 IJs per weevil, respectively. The mean time to death, from lowest to highest concentration, for the first instar (2.07 and 1.27 days) and second instar (2.55 and 1.39 days) weevils were faster than older weevil stages. But, at concentrations of 50 and 100 IJs/weevil, the mean time to death for the third instar, pupa and adult weevils were similar (1.84 and 2.67 days). One hundred percent weevil mortality (all weevil stages) occurred 3 days after exposure to 100 IJs per weevil. Invasion efficiency rankings for nematode concentration were inconsistent and changed with weevil stage from 15 to 100% when weevils were exposed to 100 and 1 IJs/weevil, respectively. However, there was a consistent relationship between male:female nematode sex ratio (1:1.6) and nematode concentration in all infected weevil stages. Nematode production per weevil cadaver increased with increased nematode concentrations. The overall mean yield of nematodes per weevil was 7680 IJs. In potted soil experiments (30 degreesC), nematode concentration and soil moisture greatly influenced the nematode efficacy. At the most effective concentrations of 200,000 and 400,000 IJs/m(2) in buried bolls or squares, higher insect mortalities resulted in pots with 20% soil moisture either in bolls (94 and 97% parasitism) or squares (92 and 100% parasitism) than those of 10% soil moisture in bolls (44 and 58% parasitism) or squares (0 and 13% parasitism). Similar results were obtained when nematodes were sprayed on the bolls and squares on the soil surface. This paper presents the first data on the efficacy of S. riobrave against the boll weevil, establishes the potential of EN to control the BW inside abscised squares and bolls that lay on the ground or buried in the soil. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Cntr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Cabanillas, HE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Kika Garza Subtrop Agr Res Cntr, Beneficial Insects Res Unit, 2413 E Hwy 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 82 IS 3 BP 188 EP 197 DI 10.1016/S0022-2011(03)00016-8 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 669GU UT WOS:000182344200007 ER PT J AU Abbasi, F Simunek, J van Genuchten, MT Feyen, J Adamsen, FJ Hunsaker, DJ Strelkoff, TS Shouse, P AF Abbasi, F Simunek, J van Genuchten, MT Feyen, J Adamsen, FJ Hunsaker, DJ Strelkoff, TS Shouse, P TI Overland water flow and solute transport: Model development and field-data analysis SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE overland flow; furrow irrigation; dispersion; fertilization; data analysis ID IRRIGATION; FERTIGATION AB The application of plant nutrients with irrigation water is an efficient and cost-effective method for fertilizer application to enhance crop production and reduce or eliminate potential environmental problems related to conventional application methods. In this study, a combined overland water flow and solute transport model for analysis and management of surface fertigation/chemigation is presented. Water flow is predicted with the well-known Saint-Venant's equations using a control volume of moving cells, while solute transport is modeled with the advection-dispersion equation. The ID transport equation was solved using a Crank-Nicholson finite-difference scheme. Four, large-scale, field experiments were conducted on blocked-end and free draining furrows to calibrate and verify the proposed model. The results showed that application of solute during the entire irrigation event, or during the second half of the irrigation for blocked end conditions with appropriate inflow rates, produced higher solute uniformity than application of solute during the first half of the irrigation event. Measured fertilizer distribution uniformity of the low quarter ranged from 21 to 76% while fertilizer distribution uniformity of the low half values varied between 62 to 87%. The model was subsequently applied to the experimental data; results showed good agreement with all field data. Water balance errors for the different experiments varied from 0.004 to 1.8%, whereas fertilizer mass balance errors ranged from 1.2 to 3.6%. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to assess the effects of longitudinal dispersivity parameter on overland solute concentrations. A value of 10 cm for dispersivity provided a reasonable fit to the experimental data. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Land & Water Management, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Abbasi, F (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Land & Water Management, Vital Decosterstr 102, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; van Genuchten, Martinus/K-6892-2013; Abbasi, Fariborz/S-4925-2016 OI van Genuchten, Martinus/0000-0003-1654-8858; Abbasi, Fariborz/0000-0002-0662-7723 NR 25 TC 40 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 129 IS 2 BP 71 EP 81 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2003)129:2(71) PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 661JU UT WOS:000181888100001 ER PT J AU Dukes, MD Evans, RO Gilliam, JW Kunickis, SH AF Dukes, MD Evans, RO Gilliam, JW Kunickis, SH TI Interactive effects of controlled drainage and riparian buffers on shallow groundwater qaulity SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE water table; drainage; ground water; water quality; best management practices; riparian waters ID NITRATE DYNAMICS; COASTAL-PLAIN; FOREST; DENITRIFICATION; QUALITY; LOSSES; WATERS; SOIL AB As a result of recent surface water quality problems in North Carolina, riparian buffers and controlled drainage are being used to reduce the loss of nonpoint source nitrogen from agricultural fields. The effect of controlled drainage and riparian buffers as best management practices to reduce the loss of agricultural nonpoint source nitrogen from the middle coastal plain has not been well documented. The middle coastal plain is characterized by intensive agriculture on sandy soils with deeply incised or channelized streams. A 2-year study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of controlled drainage, riparian buffers, and a combination of both in the middle coastal plain of North Carolina. It was hypothesized that raising the water table near the ditch would enhance nitrate-nitrogen reduction through denitrification. On the sandy Soils Studied, controlled drainage did not effectively raise the water table near the ditch to a greater degree than observed on the free drainage treatment. Due to random treatment location, the free drainage treatment was installed along a ditch with a shallower impermeable layer compared to the impermeable layer on the controlled drainage treatments (2 m versus 3- to 4-m deep). This resulted in a perched or higher water table on the free drainage treatment. Over 17 storm events, the riparian buffer (free drainage) treatment had an average groundwater table depth of 0.92 in compared to 0.96 and 1.45 in for the combination (riparian buffer and controlled drainage) and controlled drainage treatments, respectively. Nitrate concentration decrease between the field wells and ditch edge wells averaged 29% (buffer only), 63% (buffer and controlled drainage), and 73% (controlled drainage only). Although apparently more nitrate was removed from the groundwater on the controlled drainage treatments, the controlled drainage treatment water table near the ditch was not raised closer to the ground surface compared to the free drainage treatment. Nitrate removal effectiveness was attributed to local soil and landscape properties, Such as denitrification in deeper reduced zones of the soil profile. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol & Agr Engn, DS Weaver Labs, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Dukes, MD (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, 107 Frazier Rogers Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. OI Dukes, Michael/0000-0002-9340-5968 NR 31 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 10 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 129 IS 2 BP 82 EP 92 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2003)129:2(82) PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 661JU UT WOS:000181888100002 ER PT J AU Bautista, E Strelkoff, TS Clemmens, AJ AF Bautista, E Strelkoff, TS Clemmens, AJ TI General characteristics of solutions to the open-channel flow, feedforward control problem SO JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE open channel flow; flow control; canals AB A dimensionless formulation of the open-channel flow equations was used to study the feedforward control problem for single-pool canals. Feedforward inflow schedules were computed for specified downstream demands using a gate-stroking model. The analysis was conducted for various design and operational conditions. Differences in the shape of the computed inflow hydrographs are largely related to the Volume change resulting from the transient, the time needed to supply this volume, and the time needed by the inflow perturbation to travel down the canal. The gate-stroking method will fail to produce a Solution or the solution will demand extreme and unrealistic inflow variations if the time needed to supply the canal volume change is much greater than the travel time of the upstream flow change. As an alternative, a simple feedforward-control flow schedule can be developed based on this volume change and a reasonable delay estimate. This volume compensating schedule can deliver the requested flow change and keep water levels reasonably close to the target under the range of conditions tested. C1 USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Bautista, E (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Water Conservat Lab, 4331 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9437 J9 J IRRIG DRAIN E-ASCE JI J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 129 IS 2 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2003)129:2(129) PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA 661JU UT WOS:000181888100007 ER PT J AU Carroll, JF Kramer, M AF Carroll, JF Kramer, M TI Winter activity of Ixodes scapularis (Acari : Ixodidae) and the operation of deer-targeted tick control devices in Maryland SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE weather; '4-poster'; model; blacklegged tick; white-tailed deer ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; DAMMINI ACARI; METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS; FIELD; TEMPERATURE; DISPERSAL; ABUNDANCE AB Host-seeking activity of adult blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis Say was monitored by flagging during winter months in Beltsville, MD. Ticks were active many days during January and February, the coldest months, with some captures made when there was 70% snow cover and temperatures as low as -2degreesC. Substantial numbers (70-90 ticks/h of flagging) of adult I. scapularis were captured on favorable days in January and February. The cost to treat white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann), using '4-poster' deer self-treatment devices, was estimated on a per female tick basis. We estimated deer abundance and tick attachment rates using data from the literature, tick activity levels using weather data and drag counts of ticks, and costs to operate the devices from experience. We found that self-treatment devices need not be operated continuously from late December until the third week of February. On average, savings of half the operating costs would be realized by not operating the devices when tick activity was low. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Carroll, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jcarroll@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 40 IS 2 BP 238 EP 244 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-40.2.238 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 663EB UT WOS:000181992300017 PM 12693854 ER PT J AU Smith, JR Young, LD AF Smith, JR Young, LD TI Host suitability of diverse lines of Phaseolus vulgaris to multiple Populations of Heterodera glycines SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE common bean; Heterodera glycines; host suitability; Phaseolus vulgaris; race; resistance; soybean cyst nematode ID SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE; RESISTANCE; COUNTRIES; RACES AB The host suitability of diverse races and gene pools of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) for multiple isolates of Heterodera glycines was studied. Twenty P. vulgaris genotypes, representing three of the six races within the two major germplasm pools, were tested in greenhouse experiments to determine their host suitability to five H. glycines isolates. Phaseolus vulgaris genotypes differed in their host suitability to different H. glycines isolates. While some common bean lines were excellent hosts for some H. glycines isolates, no common bean line was a good host for all isolates. Some bean lines from races Durango and Mesoamerica, representing the Middle America gene pool, were resistant to all five nematode isolates. Other lines, from both the Andean and Middle America gene pools, had differential responses for host suitability to the different isolates of H. glycines. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Smith, JR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Genet & Prod Res Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 35 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 689QK UT WOS:000183504300004 PM 19265970 ER PT J AU Davis, RF Koenning, SR Kemerait, RC Cummings, TD Shurley, WD AF Davis, RF Koenning, SR Kemerait, RC Cummings, TD Shurley, WD TI Rotylenchulus reniformis management in cotton with crop rotation SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aldicarb; corn; cotton; crop loss; crop rotation; Glycine max; Gossypium hirsutum; reniform nematode; Rotylenchulus reniformis; soybean; Zea mays ID PLANT-PARASITIC NEMATODES; MELOIDOGYNE-INCOGNITA; SOYBEAN CULTIVARS; UNITED-STATES; ROOT-KNOT; RESISTANCE; LINES; SOIL AB One-year crop rotations with corn or highly resistant soybean were evaluated at four locations for their effect on Rotylenchulus reniformis population levels and yield of a subsequent cotton crop. Four nematicide (aldicarb) regimes were included at two of the locations, and rotation with reniform-susceptible soybean was included at the other two locations. One-year rotations to corn or resistant soybean resulted in lower R. reniformis population levels (P less than or equal to 0.05) than those found in cotton at three test sites. However, the effect of rotation on nematode populations was undetectable by mid-season when cotton was grown the following year. Cotton yield following a one-year rotation to resistant soybean increased at all test locations compared to continuous cotton, and yield following corn increased at three locations. The optimum application rate for aldicarb in this study was 0.84 kg a.i./ha in furrow. Side-dress applications of aldicarb resulted in yield increases that were insufficient to cover the cost of application in 3 of the 4 years. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Plant Pathol, Rural Dev Ctr, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. Cooperat Extens Serv, Louisville, GA 30434 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Agr & Appl Econ, Rural Dev Ctr, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Davis, RF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Res Unit, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 35 IS 1 BP 58 EP 64 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 689QK UT WOS:000183504300009 PM 19265975 ER PT J AU Carta, LK Wergin, WP Erbe, EF Murphy, CA AF Carta, LK Wergin, WP Erbe, EF Murphy, CA TI A comparison of low-temperature and ambient-temperature SEM for viewing nematode faces SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphid; cryofixation; Distolabrellus veechi; glutaraldehyde; face patterns; low temperature scanning electron microscopy; lip sectors; Pratylenchus teres; Pralylenchus zeae; Rhabditida; scanning electron microscopy; taxonomy; Tylenchida ID SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; EVENTS AB Faces of lesion nematodes Pratylenchus teres (populations RTB and JK) and P. zeae or the bacterivore Distolabrellus veechi were observed on frozen specimens with low-temperature scanning electron microscopy and as chemically fixed, critical-point dried specimens with conventional scanning electron microscopy. Amphiclial secretions were preserved in chemically fixed but not cryofixed lesion nematodes. Overhanging liplets of chemically fixed D. veechi may be artifactual because they appeared as variably filled, mostly empty membranes when cryofixed. The diagnostically useful lips of the frozen lesion nematodes exhibited six sectors of variable prominence that were absent in chemically fixed specimens. This variability may be due to different degrees of muscle contraction captured during cryofixation, which occurs in milliseconds. This is the first evidence that rarely observed lip sectors in Pratylenchus may be something other than an artifact of shrinkage. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Soybean Genomics & Improvement Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Carta, LK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Nematol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 35 IS 1 BP 78 EP 81 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 689QK UT WOS:000183504300012 PM 19265978 ER PT J AU Noel, GR Wax, LM AF Noel, GR Wax, LM TI Population dynamics of Heterodera glycines in conventional tillage and no-tillage soybean/corn cropping systems SO JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation tillage; crop loss; Glycine max; Heterodera glycines; nematode management; no-till; population dynamics; soybean; soybean cyst nematode ID BROWN STEM ROT; PHYTOPHTHORA-SOJAE; WHEAT; SOIL; NEMATODE; ROTATION; YIELD AB The effects of no-tillage (NT), conventional tillage (CT), and crop rotation on soybean yield and population dynamics of Heterodera glycines were compared during a 7-year study in a silty clay loam soil with 6% organic matter. Either H. glycines-resistant 'Linford' soybean or susceptible 'Williams 82' soybean was rotated with corn and grown on 76-cm-wide rows in both tillage systems. Soybean was planted in 1994, 1996, 1998, 1999, and 2000. Yield of Linford was significantly greater than Williams 82 in all years. Soybean yield was affected by tillage in 1999 and 2000. No-tillage production tended to support more reproduction (R = number of eggs at harvest/number of eggs at planting) on both cultivars. The largest R for Williams 82 were in 1998: 58.35 for NT plots and 11.78 for CT plots. For Linford, the largest R were 12.09 for NT plots in 1996, and 3.71 for CT in 1999. When corn was planted, R decreased more in NT. When soybean was planted in years subsequent to 1994, numbers of eggs at harvest (Pf) were greater for Williams 82 NT than for Williams 82 CT or Linford in both tillage systems; however, crop rotation with corn negated these population increases. The soil became suppressive to H. glycines in 1999 and was suppressive in 2000. After the 3 years of continuous soybean, Pf per 250 cm(3) soil were 2,870 for Williams 82 NT, 791 for Williams 82 CT, 544 for Linford NT, and 990 for Linford CT in 2000, compared with Pf of 13,100 for Williams 82 NT, 15,000 for Williams CT, 2,360 for Linford NT, and 2,050 for Linford CT in 1994. Describing population dynamics solely on the basis of R was not adequate, but also required independent examination of initial populations following overwintering and Pf after the growing season. Planting soybean either NT or CT in rotation with corn did not result in long-term increases in numbers of H. glycines eggs. C1 USDA ARS, Pathol Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Invas Weed Management Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, USDA, ARS, Invas Weed Management Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Noel, GR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Pathol Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 13 PU SOC NEMATOLOGISTS PI LAKELAND PA 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA SN 0022-300X J9 J NEMATOL JI J. Nematol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 35 IS 1 BP 104 EP 109 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 689QK UT WOS:000183504300016 PM 19265982 ER PT J AU Richards, MP Poch, SM Coon, CN Rosebrough, RW Ashwell, CM McMurtry, JP AF Richards, MP Poch, SM Coon, CN Rosebrough, RW Ashwell, CM McMurtry, JP TI Feed restriction significantly alters lipogenic gene expression in broiler breeder chickens SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE gene expression; lipid metabolism; lipogenesis; mRNA; chickens ID DIETARY-PROTEIN INTAKE; ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE; REPRODUCTIVE-PERFORMANCE; NUTRITIONAL REGULATION; YOLK DEPOSITION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; BODY-WEIGHT; TRANSCRIPTION; HEPATOCYTES; INDUCTION AB Broiler breeder pullets were divided into two groups at 21 wk of age. One group was given free access to feed (ad libitum) and the other fed a limited amount of feed (restricted). At 22 wk, all birds were photostimulated and maintained throughout an egg-laying cycle ending at 36 wk. Samples of liver and abdominal fat pad were collected just before photostimulation (prelight), after photostimulation at first egg and at peak egg production (plateau). Hepatic expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1, ATP-citrate lyase, fatty acid synthase, malic enzyme, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and stearoyl-CoA (Delta9) desaturase 1 genes in ad libitum birds declined from their highest levels just before photostimulation as the birds came into and maintained egg production. In contrast, the restricted birds had significant (P < 0.05) increases in the expression of these genes after photostimulation at first egg with a subsequent decline as they reached peak egg production. Hepatic expression of fatty acid binding protein, VLDL apolipoprotein (apoVLDL-II) and apoB genes increased significantly (P < 0.05) in both ad libitum and restricted breeders after photostimulation, whereas apoA1 gene expression declined during this time. Abdominal fat pad weights were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the ad libitum compared with restricted birds after photostimulation. Lipoprotein lipase in this tissue showed a pattern of expression similar to that observed for the hepatic lipogenic enzyme genes. In conclusion, feed restriction during the pullet-to-breeder transition period significantly (P < 0.05) altered hepatic lipogenic gene expression in broiler breeders. J. Nutr. 133: 707-715, 2003. C1 USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Arkansas, Ctr Excellence Poultry Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Richards, MP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 33 TC 53 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 133 IS 3 BP 707 EP 715 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 652VC UT WOS:000181400700013 PM 12612141 ER PT J AU Jacob, RA Aiello, GM Stephensen, CB Blumberg, JB Milbury, PE Wallock, LM Ames, BN AF Jacob, RA Aiello, GM Stephensen, CB Blumberg, JB Milbury, PE Wallock, LM Ames, BN TI Moderate antioxidant supplementation has no effect on biomarkers of oxidant damage in healthy men with low fruit and vegetable intakes SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2002 Meeting CY APR 20-24, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA DE antioxidant; biomarkers; human; oxidant damage; fruits and vegetables ID RECOMMENDED DIETARY ALLOWANCE; VITAMIN-C SUPPLEMENTATION; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; MALE SMOKERS; CIGARETTE SMOKERS; IN-VIVO; SMOKING; PLASMA; ASSAY; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB The link between high fruit/vegetable intake and reduced chronic disease may be partly explained by antioxidant protection. To determine the effect of moderate antioxidant intake on biomarkers of oxidant damage, we assessed in vivo lipid and protein oxidation in 77 healthy men whose typical diet contained few fruits and vegetables (mean of 2.6 servings/d). The 39 nonsmokers and 38 smokers, age 20-51 y, were given a daily supplement (272 mg vitamin C, 31 mg all-rac-alpha-tocopherol, and 400 mug folic acid), or placebo, for 90 d with their usual diet. Blood and urine were taken at baseline and the end of the study for determination of lipid peroxidation products, including F(2-)total and 8-isoprostanes, and protein carbonyls. Urine thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was the only oxidant damage marker that was significantly higher in smokers compared to nonsmokers (P < 0.05). Supplementation increased plasma ascorbate and tocopherol, but had no effect on the oxidant biomarkers. In healthy young men, the endogenous antioxidant defense system and a modest intake of dietary antioxidants are adequate to minimize levels of in vivo oxidant damage such that they cannot be differentiated by current methods. J. Nutr. 133: 740-743, 2003. C1 Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Childrens Hosp, Oakland Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. RP Jacob, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES01896] NR 34 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 133 IS 3 BP 740 EP 743 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 652VC UT WOS:000181400700018 PM 12612146 ER PT J AU Frazao, E Allshouse, J AF Frazao, E Allshouse, J TI Strategies for intervention: Commentary and debate SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Experimental Biology 2001 Annual Meeting CY MAR 31-APR 04, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Soc Nutr Sci DE food tax; food subsidy; nutrition education; healthy diets; food prices; new food products; improving diets AB The typical American diet is top-heavy in comparison with the Food Guide Pyramid-high in added sugars and fats at the Pyramid's tip, and low in most other food components at the Pyramid's base, especially fruit and green leafy vegetables. Improving the healthfulness of the diet would therefore require not only a major reduction in the consumption of fats and sweets but also a sharp increase in the consumption of vegetables and fruit. This report discusses the potential effects on diet quality of three general dietary strategies for obesity prevention and. treatment: (a) reducing the fat content of foods, (b) increasing nutrition knowledge and (c) manipulating food prices. It concludes that improving food choices may require a combination of strategies and interventions carefully targeted at changing specific behaviors among diverse population groups. C1 USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Frazao, E (reprint author), USDA, Econ Res Serv, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 19 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 133 IS 3 BP 844S EP 847S PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 652VC UT WOS:000181400700038 PM 12612166 ER PT J AU Roughead, ZKF AF Roughead, ZKF TI Is the interaction between dietary protein and calcium destructive or constructive for bone?: Summary SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 20-24, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP American-Soc-Bone-Mineral-Res ID YOUNG-ADULT MALES; INDUCED HYPERCALCIURIA; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; METABOLISM; OSTEOPOROSIS; PHOSPHORUS; LEVEL; ABSORPTION; BALANCE; MEAT C1 USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Roughead, ZKF (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 133 IS 3 BP 866S EP 869S PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 652VC UT WOS:000181400700043 PM 12612171 ER PT J AU Marsh, T Cullen, KW Baranowski, T AF Marsh, T Cullen, KW Baranowski, T TI Validation of a fruit, juice, and vegetable availability questionnaire SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE food availability; parents; validation; fruit; juice; vegetables ID CONSUMPTION; INVENTORY AB Objective: To assess the validity of a self-reported fruit,juice, and vegetable home availability measure. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: In-home interviews. Participants: Forty-eight parents of fourth to sixth grade children. Main Outcome Measures: Scales assessing self-reported home availability of fruit, 100% fruit juice, and vegetables over the past 7 days compared with an observed home inventory conducted on the interview day. Analyses: Cohen's kappa of agreement, specificity and sensitivity, and correlations, with significance level < .05. Results: There was substantial agreement between self-reported and observed home inventories of many fruit, 100% fruit juice, and vegetables among participating families in this study. Conclusions and Implications: Self-reported shelf inventories can be an effective tool for use in assessing the availability of fruit,juice, and vegetables in the home. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Cullen, KW (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 13 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1499-4046 J9 J NUTR EDUC BEHAV JI J. Nutr. Educ. Behav. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 35 IS 2 BP 93 EP 97 DI 10.1016/S1499-4046(06)60045-6 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Education & Educational Research; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 669CE UT WOS:000182333700006 PM 12725715 ER PT J AU Hintze, KJ Keck, AS Finley, JW Jeffery, EH AF Hintze, KJ Keck, AS Finley, JW Jeffery, EH TI Induction of hepatic thioredoxin reductase activity by sulforaphane, both in Hepa1c1c7 cells and in male Fisher 344 rats SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE thioredoxin reductase; sulforaphane; selenium; glutathione peroxidase ID ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSIVE ELEMENT; HIGH-SELENIUM BROCCOLI; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; DIETARY SELENIUM; ACTIVATION; CANCER; LIVER; GENE; INCREASE; NITRILE AB Sulforaphane (SF), a glucosinolate-derived isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables, is considered an anticarcinogenic component in broccoli. Sulforaphane induces a battery of detoxification enzymes, including quinone reductase (QR). Induction is thought to be mediated through a common regulatory region termed the antioxidant response element (ARE). To test the hypothesis that the antioxidant selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TR) may be induced as part of this coordinated host-defense response to dietary anticarcinogenic compounds, TR activity was measured in livers of rats pair-fed diets containing SF and/or broccoli (n = 6/group). At the doses used, neither SF nor broccoli alone significantly elevated TR activity, whereas treatments containing both broccoli and SF caused a significant increase in TR activity. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), a second selenium-dependant enzyme with antioxidant activity, was downregulated in rats fed both SF and broccoli. compared to the control diet. A second experiment, using mouse hepatoma Hepa1c1c7 cells, tested whether an interaction exists between selenium (Se) and SF in TR inducibility. since Se is known to induce TR activity. Selenium (2.5 muM) plus SF (2.0 muM) caused significantly greater TR activity than either treatment alone. All treatments with added Se or SF caused significantly greater TR activities than no Se or SF treatment. Glutathione peroxiclase activity was elevated by Se, but not by SE These data suggest that TR, known to be regulated by Se, is also upregulated as part of a host response to the dietary anticarcinogen SF, a trait not shared by another Se-dependent enzyme, GSH-Px. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Jeffery, EH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Hintze, Korry/A-7079-2008; Hintze, Korry/E-4619-2011; OI Hintze, Korry/0000-0003-0135-0478 NR 36 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0955-2863 J9 J NUTR BIOCHEM JI J. Nutr. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 14 IS 3 BP 173 EP 179 DI 10.1016/S0955-2863(02)00282-6 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 679NX UT WOS:000182929800008 ER PT J AU Sabreen, S Saiga, S Saitoh, H Tsuiki, M Mayland, HF AF Sabreen, S Saiga, S Saitoh, H Tsuiki, M Mayland, HF TI Performance of high-magnesium cultivars of three cool-season grasses grown in nutrient solution culture SO JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE grass tetany; high-Mg cultivar; orchardgrass; Italian ryegrass; tall fescue; solution culture AB Breeding for high magnesium (Mg) concentrations has been conducted for several forage species. Mgwell, Magnet, and HiMag are the first experimental strains, bred for increased Mg concentrations of orchard-grass, Italian ryegrass, and tall fescue, respectively. This experiment compared the performance and genetic variability of these high-Mg cultivars grown in solution culture with other cultivars in each species. Three mineral absorption experiments were carried out with one month aged seedlings. Seedlings were evaluated for shoot dry weight, uptake and concentration of Mg, calcium (Ca), and potassium (K), and also the density of these minerals in the shoot. The cultivars of different species behaved differently among the experiments even though the over all environmental condition was kept similar. The high-Mg cultivars showed higher Mg uptake per plant, but the differences were not so distinct. However, the trend in Mg concentration among the cultivars of different species was similar, and the difference between high-Mg cultivars and control cultivars was distinct. The Mg density in the shoot of these cultivars was significantly high. Also the high-Mg cultivars showed lower equivalent ratio, K/(Ca + Mg). Genotypic differences in high-Mg cultivars with others could be distinctly explained by differences in Mg concentration and Mg density in the shoot, which coupled with low K/(Ca + Mg) ratio. These common properties of high-Mg cultivars might be considered as a good parameter for screening. C1 Iwate Univ, United Grad Sch Agr Sci, Morioka, Iwate 0208550, Japan. Iwate Univ, Fac Agr, Morioka, Iwate 0208550, Japan. USDA ARS, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID USA. RP Saiga, S (reprint author), Iwate Univ, United Grad Sch Agr Sci, Morioka, Iwate 0208550, Japan. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0190-4167 J9 J PLANT NUTR JI J. Plant Nutr. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 26 IS 3 BP 589 EP 605 DI 10.1081/PLN-120017667 PG 17 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 651NU UT WOS:000181326700008 ER PT J AU Stringham, TK Krueger, WC Shaver, PL AF Stringham, TK Krueger, WC Shaver, PL TI State and transition modeling: An ecological process approach SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE state; transition; threshold; modeling; ecological; process ID STABLE STATES; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; GRAZING SYSTEMS; RANGE CONDITION; THRESHOLDS; VIEWPOINT; DEGRADATION; ECOSYSTEMS; JUNIPER; TEXAS AB State-and-transition models hold great potential to aid in understanding rangeland ecosystems' response to natural and/or management-induced disturbances by providing a framework for organizing current understanding of potential ecosystem dynamics. Many conceptual state-and-transition models have been developed, however, the ecological interpretation of the model's primary components, states, transitions, and thresholds, has varied due to a lack of universally accepted definitions. The lack of consistency in definitions has led to confusion and criticism indicating the need for further development and refinement of the theory and associated models. We present an extensive review of current literature and conceptual models and point out the inconsistencies in the application of nonequilibrium ecology concepts. The importance of ecosystem stability as defined by the resistance and resilience of plant communities to disturbance is discussed as an important concept relative to state-and-transition modeling. Finally, we propose a set of concise definitions for state-and-transition model components and we present a conceptual model of state/transition/threshold relationships that are determined by the resilience and resistance of the ecosystems' primary ecological processes. This model provides a framework for development of process-based state-and-transition models for management and research. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Grazing Land Tehnol Inst, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Stringham, TK (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Rangeland Resources, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 39 TC 131 Z9 144 U1 3 U2 60 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 56 IS 2 BP 106 EP 113 DI 10.2307/4003893 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654WR UT WOS:000181520400001 ER PT J AU Bestelmeyer, BT Brown, JR Havstad, KM Alexander, R Chavez, G Herrick, J AF Bestelmeyer, BT Brown, JR Havstad, KM Alexander, R Chavez, G Herrick, J TI Development and use of state-and-transition models for rangelands SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE community stability; ecological sites; ecosystem health; indicators; New Mexico; vegetation dynamics ID NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; VEGETATION CHANGE; SOIL QUALITY; NEW-MEXICO; MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEMS; THRESHOLDS; VIEWPOINT; LANDSCAPE; DYNAMICS AB State-and-transition models have received a great deal of attention since the introduction of the concept to range management in 1989. Nonetheless, only recently have sets of state-and-transition models been produced that can be used by agency personnel and private citizens, and there is little guidance available for developing and interpreting models. Based upon our experiences developing models for the state of New Mexico, we address the following questions: 1) how is information assembled to create site-specific models for entire regions, 2) what ecological issues should be considered in model development and classification, and 3) how should models be used? We review the general structure of state-and-transition models, emphasizing the distinction between changes among communities within states (pathways) that are reversible with changes in climate and "facilitating practices" (e.g. grazing management), and changes among states (transitions) that are reversible only with "accelerating practices" such as seeding, shrub control, or the recovery of soil stability and historical hydrologic function. Both pathways and transitions occur, so these models are complementary. Ecological sites and the climatically-defined regions within which they occur (land resource units) serve as a framework for developing and selecting models. We illustrate the importance of clearly delineating ecological sites to produce models and describe how we have dealt with poorly-delineated sites. Producing specific models requires an understanding of the multiple ecological mechanisms underlying transitions. We show how models can represent and distinguish alternative and complementary hypotheses for transitions. Although there may be several mechanisms underlying transitions, they tend to fall within discrete categories based upon a few, fundamental ecological processes and their relationships can be readily understood. A knowledge of, mechanisms is closely related to the use of ecological indicators to anticipate transitions. We conclude that models should include 1) reference values for quantitative indicators, 2) lists of key indicators and descriptions of changes in them that suggest an approach to a transition, and 3) a rigorous documentation of the theory and assumptions (and their alternatives) underlying the structure of each model. C1 New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Bur Land Management, Santa Fe, NM 87502 USA. USDA, Nat Resources Conservat Serv, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. RP Bestelmeyer, BT (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, USDA ARS, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 84 TC 130 Z9 141 U1 3 U2 50 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 56 IS 2 BP 114 EP 126 DI 10.2307/4003894 PG 13 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654WR UT WOS:000181520400002 ER PT J AU Hyder, PW Fredrickson, EL Remmenga, MD Estell, RE Pieper, RD Anderson, DM AF Hyder, PW Fredrickson, EL Remmenga, MD Estell, RE Pieper, RD Anderson, DM TI A digital photographic technique for assessing forage utilization SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE image analysis; alfalfa; Medicago sativa; random coefficient model AB Changes in forage utilization have been difficult to measure non-destructively without some level of subjectivity. This subjectivity, combined with a lack of reproducibility of visual estimates, has made forage utilization measurement techniques a topic of considerable discussion. The objective of this study was to develop and test the accuracy and repeatability of an objective, computer-based technique for measuring changes in plant biomass. Digital photographs of target plants acquired before and after partial defoliation were analyzed using readily available image analysis software. Resulting data were used to develop a simple linear random coefficient model (RC) for estimation of plant biomass removed based on the area of the plant in the photo. Sample collection took approximately 20 minutes/plant for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Analysis of images took another 60 to 90 minutes. Regression analysis gave an R-2 of 0.969 for predicted vs. observed plant weights. Testing this model using 10 alfalfa plants yielded weight estimates of defoliated plants accurate to within +/- 8.5%. The advantage of the RC model is its ability to use easily obtained coefficients from simple linear regression models developed from each plant in a way that accounts for the lack of independence between samples within an individual plant. The technique described here offers an objective and accurate method for measuring changes in plant biomass with possible applications in ecology, botany, and range science. In particular, application of this technique for estimating forage utilization may improve accuracy of estimates and, thereby, improve range management practices. C1 ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Univ Stat Ctr, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Anim & Range Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Fredrickson, EL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 56 IS 2 BP 140 EP 145 DI 10.2307/4003897 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654WR UT WOS:000181520400005 ER PT J AU Giordanengo, JH Frasier, GW Trlica, MJ AF Giordanengo, JH Frasier, GW Trlica, MJ TI Hydrologic and sediment responses to vegetation and soil disturbances SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE rainfall simulation; erosion; runoff; hydrology; sagebrush steppe ID SIMULATED RAINFALL; EROSION; RUNOFF; RANGELAND; COVER; LAND AB Soil erosion has been linked to stream sedimentation, ecosystem degradation, and loss of rangeland productivity. However, knowledge of soil loss, as it affects rangeland productivity or ecosystem sustainability is lacking. We evaluated the effects of 3 levels of vegetation cover reduction (0, 27%, and 43%) and soil removal (0, 12, and 24 tonnes ha(-1)) on soil surface runoff and sediment yield in a sagebrush [Artemisia tridentata var. vasseyana (Rydb.) Beetle] steppe under simulated rainfall. Time to runoff initiation was affected by the vegetation cover reduction treatments, but not by the soil removal treatments. The 43% vegetation canopy reduction treatment resulted in a shorter time to runoff initiation than did the 27% and 0% canopy reduction treatments (p=0.002). Results from analysis of covariance indicated that vegetation reduction and soil removal did not significantly affect sediment yield or runoff quantities in the first year following treatments. Multiple regression analysis revealed total sediment yield was related to forb cover, sand in the upper soil profile (0-5 cm), and the amount of bare ground. Time to runoff initiation was positively correlated with slope. Despite the lack of significant treatment differences, we do not conclude that these soil removal and vegetation reduction treatments had no affect on soil surface hydrology and sediment yield. There are numerous studies that show a strong relationship between vegetation reduction and soil erosion. Future research at this site may reveal long-term treatment effects that were not apparent in first year results. C1 Colorado State Univ, Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. ARS, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Giordanengo, JH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 56 IS 2 BP 152 EP 158 DI 10.2307/4003899 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654WR UT WOS:000181520400007 ER PT J AU Ganskopp, D Bohnert, D AF Ganskopp, D Bohnert, D TI Mineral concentration dynamics among 7 northern Great Basin grasses SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE copper; zinc; manganese; sodium; iron; phosphorus; magnesium; potassium; calcium; Poa sandbergii; Bromus tectorum; Sitanion hystrix; Agropyron spicatum; Festuca idahoensis; Stipa thurberiana; Elymus cinereus ID CATTLE; PREFERENCES AB Livestock and wildlife managers must be aware of the nutritional dynamics of forages to sustain satisfactory growth and reproduction of their animals and assure fair value for pasture. Despite a history of livestock grazing in the northern Great Basin, annual and seasonal mineral concentrations of many of the region's prominent grasses have not been measured. We addressed this problem with monthly sampling (April-November) of 7 cool-season grasses at 6 sites during 1992, a drier than average year (86% of mean precipitation), and 1993 when precipitation was 167% of average (255 mm). Grasses included: Poa sandbergii Vasey, Bromus tectorum L., Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) Smith, Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. & Smith, Festuca idahoensis Elmer, Stipa thurberiana Piper, and Elymus cinereus Scrilm. & Merr. Phosphorus, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Na were assayed, and initial statistical analysis was a split-split-plot with main effects of species, years, and months and all possible interactions. For a preponderance of the minerals, (Zn and Na excluded) the 3-way year x month x species interactions were significant (P<0.05) indicating that main effects did not function independently. Generally, mineral concentrations averaged about 41% higher among the grasses for the drier of the 2 years (1992). Copper, Zn, and Na concentrations were below required levels for beef cattle (9.9, 28.8, and 672 mg kg(-1), respectively) among all the grasses for all sampling periods. Seasonally deficient minerals included Ca, Mg, P, K, and Mn. Calcium and Mn were largely deficient (<3.2 and 1.15 g kg(-1), respectively) for beef cattle early in the growing season with levels rising as grasses matured. Seasonal patterns of Mg were variable among the grasses, increasing in some as the season progressed, remaining stable among others, and declining with maturity in yet others. Phosphorus and K levels were typically adequate (>1.94 and 5.76 g kg(-1), respectively) for beef cattle early in the growing season and declined to deficient levels by July and August. Iron was of no concern, because concentrations were more than adequate for cattle (>48 mg kg(-1)) among all the grasses for all seasons. While a mixed stand of forages can extend the period of adequate mineral nutrition for cattle in some instances, we suggest that a supplement be available season-long on northern Great Basin rangelands and that the formulation include at least Ca, Mg, P, K, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Na in available forms and proper ratios. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. Oregon State Univ, EOARC, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Ganskopp, D (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720 USA. NR 41 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 56 IS 2 BP 174 EP 184 DI 10.2307/4003902 PG 11 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654WR UT WOS:000181520400010 ER PT J AU Rosner, LS Harrington, JT Dreesen, DR Murray, L AF Rosner, LS Harrington, JT Dreesen, DR Murray, L TI Overcoming dormancy in New Mexico mountain mahogany seed collections SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE acid scarification; stratification; ecotypic variability; Cercocarpus montanus AB Mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus montanus Raf) is a useful reclamation species because it can occupy and improve poor soils. Literature regarding seed propagation of this species is varied and often contradictory, recommending stratification durations of 14 to 90 days, and sulfuric acid scarification durations of none to 60 minutes. To assess variability in propagation requirements among seed sources, 8 New Mexico seed sources were tested with factorial combinations of scarification and stratification treatments. Sources were selected to encompass both a range of latitudes throughout New Mexico and a range of elevations at Questa, N. M. Seeds were scarified 5 or 10 minutes in concentrated sulfuric acid, tumbled 5 or 10 days in course grit, or unscarified (control). Seeds underwent subsequent stratification for 0 (control), 30, or 60 days. Averaged across scarification treatments, the 2 southernmost sources lacked a stratification requirement, while northern seed sources achieved their highest germination following the longest stratification duration (60 days). Improvement in germination due to stratification was greatest for the 2 highest elevation Questa sources. Scarification treatments were less effective in improving germination than stratification treatments, and produced more variable results. A 5-minute soak in sulfuric acid was the most effective scarification treatment, but for 2 sources, this treatment reduced germination. Variability in the stratification requirement appears to be an adaptation to macroclimatic differences among seed sources, whereas differential response to scarification may be a response to microclimatic differences. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Mora Res Stn, Mora, NM 87732 USA. USDA, Nat Resource Conservat Serv, Los Lunas, NM 87031 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Expt Stat, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Rosner, LS (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Agron & Hort, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 56 IS 2 BP 198 EP 202 DI 10.2307/4003905 PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654WR UT WOS:000181520400013 ER PT J AU Woodward, HD Trussell, RW AF Woodward, HD Trussell, RW TI Lone Harris's Hawk kills Great Blue Heron SO JOURNAL OF RAPTOR RESEARCH LA English DT Letter C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Abuqueruque, NM 87102 USA. RP Woodward, HD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 333 Broadway SE,Suite 115, Abuqueruque, NM 87102 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU RAPTOR RESEARCH FOUNDATION INC PI HASTINGS PA 14377 117TH STREET SOUTH, HASTINGS, MN 55033 USA SN 0892-1016 J9 J RAPTOR RES JI J. Raptor Res. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 37 IS 1 BP 85 EP 86 PG 2 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 673CJ UT WOS:000182561800015 ER PT J AU Leytem, AB Sims, JT Coale, FJ AF Leytem, AB Sims, JT Coale, FJ TI On-farm evaluation of a phosphorus site index for Delaware SO JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Delmarva; phosphorus; phosphorus site index ID TOOL AB The contribution of phosphorus (P) to non-point source (NPS) pollution of surface and groundwaters is a serious environmental problem in Delaware. In 1999, the Delaware Nutrient Management Act was passed limiting application of P on "high" P soils to a "three year crop removal" rate or to the amount recommended by a University of Delaware P site index. The Delaware P site index was developed and evaluated on seven farms in Delaware, through a joint effort between the universities of Delaware and Maryland. Results showed that 78% of fields evaluated were in the "low" risk category, with the remaining 22% falling into the "medium" (6%), "high" (7%), and "very high" (9%) risk categories. The components of the index found to have the greatest influence on P site index ratings were soil erosion, subsurface drainage, leaching potential, distance from field to surface water, soil test P and organic P application rates and methods. P site index ratings were found to vary by year, depending on manure applications, suggesting a need for yearly P site index evaluations or averages over a cropping rotation. The P site index worked well for identifying fields with differing relative potential risks of P loss; however, validation of these P loss assessments is needed to ensure that the risk categories assigned are sufficiently protective of water quality. Continual monitoring, analysis, and improvement of the P site index are needed to ensure that it remains a useful tool for P based nutrient management planning in the future. C1 USDA ARS, Res Serv, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nat Resource Sci & Landscape Architecture, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Leytem, AB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Res Serv, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOIL WATER CONSERVATION SOC PI ANKENY PA 7515 N E ANKENY RD, ANKENY, IA 50021-9764 USA SN 0022-4561 J9 J SOIL WATER CONSERV JI J. Soil Water Conserv. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 58 IS 2 BP 89 EP 97 PG 9 WC Ecology; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 676UK UT WOS:000182770800008 ER PT J AU Winandy, JE Richards, MJ AF Winandy, JE Richards, MJ TI Evaluation of a boron-nitrogen, fire-retardant treatment. Part I. Testing of Douglas-Fir plywood per ASTM standard D5516-96 SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE plywood; roof sheathing; thermal degradation; fire-retardant treatment ID DEGRADATION AB The objective of this work was to evaluate (a) the effects of a new boron-nitrogen, phosphate-free fire-retardant (FR) formulation on the initial strength of Douglas-fir AB-grade plywood and (b) the potential of this FR treatment to experience subsequent thermal degradation inservice when exposed to elevated temperatures. Test Method ASTM D 5516 was generally followed. The results of our analysis indicated that treatment and post-treatment redrying with the new boron-nitrogen, phosphate-free FR had a significant negative effect of about 7% on bending strength and a significant negative effect of 26% on energy-related properties, such as work to maximum load. The properties of modulus of elasticity and maximum moment carrying capacity were not significantly reduced. Our results indicate that the likelihood of FR-treated plywood to experience in-service reduction in mechanical properties when exposed to elevated temperatures is no different than that of matched untreated plywood. As a result of our analysis, we recommend a revision to the cutting procedure specified by D 5516-96. We recommend that users first cut the specimens, then inspect and cull specimens with defects, and finally allocate specimens to experimental groups prior to FR treatment and redrying. We also recommend the substitution of commercially available grades of higher quality plywood, such as AA or AB, for the custom-made N-grade plywood currently recommended by D 5516-96. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Osmose Inc, Div Res, Griffin Dev Ctr, Griffin, GA USA. RP Winandy, JE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 31 IS 2 BP 133 EP 139 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 649UF UT WOS:000181225800006 ER PT J AU Winandy, JE Herdman, D AF Winandy, JE Herdman, D TI Evaluation of a boron-nitrogen, phosphate-free fire-retardant treatment. Part II. Testing of small clear specimens per ASTM standard D 5664-95, method A and B SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE lumber; roof truss; thermal degradation; fire-retardant treatment AB The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of a new boron-nitrogen, phosphate-free fire-retardant (FR) formulation on several mechanical properties of FR-treated wood and to assess the potential of this treatment for in-service thermal-induced strength loss resulting from exposure to high temperature. Fire-retardant-treated and untreated small clear specimens were cut from three wood species, Douglas-fir, southem pine, and white spruce, according to ASTM D 5664-95 and evaluated in bending and tension, compression, and shear parallel to grain. Evaluations were conducted before and after matched specimens were exposed at elevated temperature (150degreesF (66degreesC)) for 36, 72, or 108 days. The results indicate that treatment with FR and redrying followed by long-term exposure at high temperature could significantly affect some mechanical properties when compared to the same properties of untreated and unexposed controls. However, FR treatment and redrying in themselves did not have an across-the-board effect on all properties of specimens or on the rate of strength loss compared to the properties of matched untreated lumber exposed at 150degreesF (66degreesC) for up to 108 days. Our analysis indicated that for some species, some engineering properties will require modification, whereas other species-property combinations will not. Our results indicate that the likelihood of FR-treated lumber to experience in-service reduction in mechanical properties when exposed to elevated temperatures is no different than that of matched untreated material. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53726 USA. Osmose Inc, Buffalo, NY USA. RP Winandy, JE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 31 IS 2 BP 140 EP 147 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 649UF UT WOS:000181225800007 ER PT J AU Winandy, JE McNamara, W AF Winandy, JE McNamara, W TI Evaluation of a boron-nitrogen, phosphate-free fire-retardant treatment. Part III. Evaluation of full-size 2 by 4 lumber per ASTM standard D 5664-95 method C SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE fire-retardant; treatment; thermal degradation; high temperature; lumber AB The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of a new boron-nitrogen, phosphate-free fire-retardant (FR) formulation on the initial strength of No. 1 southern pine 2 by 4 lumber and its potential for in-service thermal degradation. The lumber was evaluated according to Method C of the D 5664 standard test method. The results indicated that for lumber exposed at 150degreesF (66degreesC) for 108 days, FR treatment and redrying significantly (alpha less than or equal to 0.10) decreased initial bending strength by about 13% compared to that of untreated controls. No significant difference occurred in the rate of strength loss over time of exposure. This infers that, after accounting for the initial reduction in strength, the field performance of FR-treated lumber should be comparable to that of untreated lumber. From a practical standpoint, the effect of FR treatment on maximum load capacity was similar to that on bending strength. Treatment significantly reduced work to a maximum load by 29%, but it had no differential effect on the rate of change in this property when the lumber was exposed to elevated temperatures. Although modulus of elasticity was not significantly changed by treatment, this property was significantly increased by extended exposure at high temperature. In summary, the reduction in mechanical properties for FR-treated 2 by 4 lumber occurred at a rate no different than that for matched untreated lumber when exposed to elevated temperature. C1 USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Osmose Inc, Buffalo, NY USA. RP Winandy, JE (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 31 IS 2 BP 148 EP 153 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 649UF UT WOS:000181225800008 ER PT J AU Reinert, JF Harrison, BA AF Reinert, JF Harrison, BA TI Separation of fourth-stage larvae and pupae of Uranotaenia lowii and Ur. sapphirina in Florida SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Uranotaenia lowii; Uranotaenia sapphirina; 4th-stage larvae; pupae AB Easy-to-use characters for separating living 4th-stage larvae and pupal exuviae are given for the 2 species of Uranotaenia that occur in Florida. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. N Carolina Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Winston Salem, NC 27107 USA. RP Reinert, JF (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 1600-1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 19 IS 1 BP 82 EP 83 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 663VL UT WOS:000182026900016 PM 12674541 ER PT J AU Warner, K Gupta, M AF Warner, K Gupta, M TI Frying quality and stability of low- and ultra-low-linolenic acid soybean oils SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cottonseed oil; flavor; fried food; frying; linolenic acid; low-linolenic acid soybean oil; oxidation; polar compounds; potato chips; soybean oil ID CANOLA OILS; ROOM-ODOR; PERFORMANCE; HYDROGENATION AB To determine effects of very low levels of linolenic acid on frying stabilities of soybean oils, tests were conducted with 2% (low) linolenic acid soybean oil (LLSBO) and 0.8% (ultra-low) linolenic acid soybean oil (ULLSBO) in comparison with cottonseed oil (CSO). Potato chips were fried in the oils for a total of 25 h of oil use. No significant differences were found for either total polar compounds or FFA between samples of LLSBO and ULLSBO; however, CSO had significantly higher percentage of polar compounds and FFA than the soybean oils at all sampling times. Flavor evaluations of fresh and aged (1, 3, 5, and 7 wk at 25degreesC) potato chips showed some differences between potato chips fried in different oil types. Sensory panel judges reported that potato chips fried in ULLSBO and aged for 3 or 7 wk at 25degreesC had significantly lower intensities of fishy flavor than did potato chips fried in LLSBO with the same conditions. Potato chips fried in ULLSBO that had been used for 5 h and then aged 7 wk at 25degreesC had significantly better quality than did potato chips fried 5 h in LLSBO and aged under the same conditions. Hexanal was significantly higher in the 5-h LLSBO sample than in potato chips fried 5 h in ULLSBO. The decrease in linolenic acid from 2 to 0.8% in the oils improved flavor quality and oxidative stability of some of the potato chip samples. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. MG Edible Oil Int, Dallas, TX USA. RP Warner, K (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0003-021X J9 J AM OIL CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 80 IS 3 BP 275 EP 280 DI 10.1007/s11746-003-0689-x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 661ER UT WOS:000181878700014 ER PT J AU Finn, CE Hancock, JF Mackey, T Serce, S AF Finn, CE Hancock, JF Mackey, T Serce, S TI Genotype X environment interactions in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium sp. L.) families grown in Michigan and Oregon SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE complex blueberry hybrids; fruit quality; yield potential; cold hardiness; blueberry breeding ID ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT; FRUIT-DEVELOPMENT; MINERAL SOILS; INHERITANCE; YIELD; PROGENIES; CULTIVARS; STABILITY; HYBRIDS AB Twenty blueberry (Vaccinium sp. L.) families were planted in Michigan and Oregon to determine variability among families, locations and the importance of family X location interaction. The families were generated at Michigan State University from crosses among parents with a diverse genetic background. Seedlings were planted in field locations in Corvallis, Ore., and East Lansing, Mich., in 1995 and managed following standard commercial blueberry production practices with no insecticide or fungicide applications. In 1998-2000 the plants were evaluated for survival, bloom date, ripening date, plant growth and the fruit were scored for crop load, color, picking scar, firmness and size. All traits, except fruit color, varied significantly between locations. Plants in Oregon had a 36% greater survival rate and grew to be much larger, 80% taller and 104 % wider, than those in Michigan. Families in Oregon flowered earlier in the year than those in Michigan but ripened at a similar time. Between locations, family differences were only evident for survival and fruit color. In Oregon, there were differences among families for all traits whereas in Michigan only survival, ripening date, plant height and width, and picking scar differed significantly. The family x environment interaction was not significant for crop load, fruit color and fruit firmness, so individuals selected on the basis of crop load, fruit color and fruit firmness should perform similarly in either location. There was a significant family x environment interaction for the other traits including survival, bloom date, ripening date, ripening interval, plant height and width, and for picking scar. Therefore, there is a need for individual selection programs at each location. Genotypes well adapted to Michigan may also do well in Oregon, but numerous promising genotypes could be missed for Oregon, if families are first selected in Michigan. The loss of numerous individuals due to winter cold may have reduced levels of variability in Michigan. C1 USDA ARS, HCRI, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Hort, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Finn, CE (reprint author), USDA ARS, HCRI, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RI Serce, Sedat/D-4105-2013 OI Serce, Sedat/0000-0003-4584-2028 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 128 IS 2 BP 196 EP 200 PG 5 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 643XL UT WOS:000180888500007 ER PT J AU Lewers, KS Maas, JL Hokanson, SC Gouin, C Hartung, JS AF Lewers, KS Maas, JL Hokanson, SC Gouin, C Hartung, JS TI Inheritance of resistance in strawberry to bacterial angular leafspot disease caused by Xanthomonas fragariae SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Fragaria xananassa; Fragaria virginiana; breeding ID IDENTIFICATION; HERITABILITY; STRAINS AB Bacterial angular leafspot disease (Xanthomonas fragariae Kennedy and King) of strawberry (Fragaria species and F. xananassa Duch. cultivars) has become increasingly important to strawberry fruit and plant production. Strawberry cultivars and species vary in susceptibility to infection. However, little is known regarding epidemiology, of the disease and resistance to infection. Two octoploid genotypes, a native F. virginiana (US 4808, tested as SG-89) and a F. viriginiana (SG 26) x F. xananassa ('Earliglow') hybrid (US 4809, tested as 80-4-38), previously were found to be highly resistant to two differentially pathogenic strains of X. fragariae representing two of four genotypic strain groups. Our objective was to determine the number of genes involved with resistance for these two strawberry genotypes, whether strawberry resistance is conferred by dominant or recessive alleles, and whether or not the heritability is high enough for breeders to reliably make selections of resistant individuals in breeding populations. About 120 F-1 seedlings from crosses of susceptible 'Sweet Charlie' with each of the two resistant genotypes were clonally propagated and challenged with each of four X. fragariae strains. These strains were selected to-represent four genotypes of X fragariae defined by repetitive element based PCR: ATCC 33239, Xf3, Xf-6, and Xf-1425. Plants were quantitatively rated on a-scale of 0 (resistant) to 5 (susceptible) in replicated evaluations High estimates for broad sense heritability support the conversion of the quantitative disease, scores to qualitative scores and the classification of genotypes as resistant or susceptible. The qualitative ratings were used to estimate the number of genes involved with resistance. Some segregation ratios fit a 7S:1R ratio - and others fit a 15S:1R ratio, indicating that three or four unlinked loci could explain the inheritance of resistance in these populations. The high estimates for broad sense heritability show that resistant progeny can be selected with confidence, though large populations will be needed to identify enough resistant progeny from which to select for other important traits. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lewers, KS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 128 IS 2 BP 209 EP 212 PG 4 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 643XL UT WOS:000180888500009 ER PT J AU Ipek, M Ipek, A Simon, PW AF Ipek, M Ipek, A Simon, PW TI Comparison of AFLPs, RAPD markers, and isozymes for diversity assessment of garlic and detection of putative duplicates in germplasm collections SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Allium sativum; amplified fragment length polymorphism; genetic diversity; molecular marker comparisons; duplicate accessions ID ALLIUM-SATIVUM L; GENETIC DIVERSITY; CLASSIFICATION; DNA; CLONES AB Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an asexually propagated crop that displays much morphological diversity. Studies which have assessed garlic diversity with isozymes and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers generally agreed with the morphological observations but sometimes failed to discriminate clones. To discriminate among closely related garlic clones in more detail, we introduced amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLPs) to evaluate the genetic diversity and phenetic relatedness of 45 garlic clones and three A. longicuspis clones and we compared AFLP results with RAPD markers and isozymes. Three AFLP primer combinations generated a total of 183 polymorphic fragments. Although similarities between the clusters were low (greater than or equal to0.30), some clones within the clusters were very similar (greater than or equal to0.95) with AFLP analysis. Sixteen clones represented only six different banding patterns, within which they shared 100% polymorphic AFLPs and RAPD markers, and likely are duplicates. In agreement with the results of other investigators, A. longicuspis and A. sativum clones were clustered together with no clear separation, suggesting these species are not genetically or specifically distinct. The topology of AFLP, RAPD, and isozyme dendrograms were similar, but RAPD and isozyme dendrograms reflected less and much less polymorphism, respectively. Comparison of unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averaging (UPGMA) dendrograms of AFLP, RAPD, and isozyme cluster analyses using the Mantel test indicated a correlation of 0.96, 0.55, and 0.57 between AFLP and RAPD, AFLP and isozyme, and RAPD and isozyme, respectively. Polymorphic AFLPs are abundant in garlic and demonstrated genetic diversity among closely related clones which could not be differentiated with RAPD markers and isozymes. Therefore, AFLP is an additional tool for fingerprinting and detailed assessment of genetic relationships in garlic. C1 USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Hort, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Simon, PW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Vegetable Crops Res Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 31 TC 53 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0003-1062 J9 J AM SOC HORTIC SCI JI J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 128 IS 2 BP 246 EP 252 PG 7 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 643XL UT WOS:000180888500015 ER PT J AU Dwyer, RM Garber, LP Traub-Dargatz, JL Meade, BJ Powell, D Pavlick, MR Kane, AJ AF Dwyer, RM Garber, LP Traub-Dargatz, JL Meade, BJ Powell, D Pavlick, MR Kane, AJ TI Case-control study of factors associated with excessive proportions of early fetal losses associated with mare reproductive loss syndrome in central Kentucky during 2001 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Forum of the American-College-of-Veterinary-Internal-Medicine CY MAY, 2002 CL DALLAS, TEXAS SP Amer Coll Vet Internal Med ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; VESICULAR STOMATITIS; OUTBREAK AB Objective-To identify factors associated with excessive proportions of early,fetal losses associated with mare reproductive loss syndrome in central Kentucky during 2001. Design-Case-control study. Procedure-Questionnaires were used to collect information on farm-, pasture-, and individual animal-level factors purportedly associated with mare reproductive loss syndrome. Data were collected for 133 farms (97 with excessive proportions of early fetal losses and 36 control farms) representing 6,576 mares. Results-Factors significantly associated with an increased risk of excessive early fetal losses were exposure to moderate to high concentrations of Eastern tent caterpillars, exposure to cherry trees, farm size greater than or equal to 50 broodmares, being bred during February 2001, and frequent exposure to waterfowl. Feeding hay to mares outside was associated with a decreased risk of excessive proportions of early fetal losses. Pasture composition and management factors were not significantly different between affected and control pastures. Individual animal-level factors were investigated on 6 farms representing 340 mares, and age, parity, and pre- and postbreeding treatments were not significantly associated with risk of early fetal loss. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results suggest that limiting exposure to Eastern tent caterpillars and cherry trees and feeding hay to mares outside may help decrease the risk of excessive proportions of early fetal losses associated with mare reproductive loss syndrome. C1 Univ Kentucky, Maxwell H Gluck Equine Res Ctr, Dept Vet Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. USDA APHIS VS, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USDA APHIS VS, Frankfort, KY 40602 USA. RP Dwyer, RM (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Maxwell H Gluck Equine Res Ctr, Dept Vet Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 1 PY 2003 VL 222 IS 5 BP 613 EP 619 DI 10.2460/javma.2003.222.613 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 648HK UT WOS:000181144800019 PM 12619841 ER PT J AU Seago, A Lingafelter, SW AF Seago, A Lingafelter, SW TI Discovery of Crepidodera bella Parry (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae : Alticini) in Maryland and redescription SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Crepidodera; Chrysomelidae; flea beetle; Maryland; Salix; willow; redescription; range extension AB Crepidodera bella Parry (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticini), previously known only from Florida, South Carolina, Alabama, and Louisiana, is discovered in central Maryland. This species is sympatric with C. browni Parry on Salix nigra growing along swamps in the McKee-Besher Wildlife Management Area (39degrees04'30"N, 77degrees23'00"W). Morphological features of the integument and genitalia are described and compared to C. browni. C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Res Training Program, Washington, DC 20560 USA. USDA, ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Seago, A (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Seago, Ainsley/B-4211-2009 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 111 IS 1 BP 51 EP 56 DI 10.1664/0028-7199(2003)111[0051:DOCBPC]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 711KT UT WOS:000184740300007 ER PT J AU Lingafelter, SW AF Lingafelter, SW TI New host and elevation records for Moneilema appressum LeConte (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae : Lamiinae) SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Moneilenia; Echinocereus; Opuntia; cactus; Lamiinae; Arizona; hostplants; elevation record AB An isolated population of Moneilema appressum LeConte was discovered above Long Park in the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona (31degrees52'44"N, 109degrees17'12"W) during July 2001. Specimens of this flightless lamiine cerambycid were observed hiding and walking in the junctures of Echinocereus coccineus Engelmann (Cactaceae) at 2,760 m (9,055 feet). These data represent new host plant and elevation records for this species. C1 USDA, ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Lingafelter, SW (reprint author), USDA, ARS, PSI, Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 111 IS 1 BP 57 EP 60 DI 10.1664/0028-7199(2003)111[0057:NHAERF]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 711KT UT WOS:000184740300008 ER PT J AU Gates, M AF Gates, M TI CD-ROM review: Interactive Catalogue of World Chalcidoidea 2001 (2nd edition) SO JOURNAL OF THE NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Software Review C1 USDA, ARS, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Gates, M (reprint author), USDA, ARS, PSI, Natl Museum Nat Hist,Systemat Entomol Lab, NHB 168,10th St & Constitut Ave, Washington, DC 20013 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC INC PI NEW YORK PA C/O AMER MUSEUM NAT HIST 79TH & CENTRAL PARK WEST, NEW YORK, NY 10024 USA SN 0028-7199 J9 J NEW YORK ENTOMOL S JI J. N.Y. Entomol. Soc. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 111 IS 1 BP 61 EP 63 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 711KT UT WOS:000184740300009 ER PT J AU Haag, WR Warren, ML AF Haag, WR Warren, ML TI Host fishes and infection strategies of freshwater mussels in large Mobile Basin streams, USA SO JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE host-parasite relationship; life history; Unionidae; Bivalvia; mussels; glochidia; Mobile Basin ID TENNESSEE RIVER DRAINAGE; WATER MUSSELS; LIFE-HISTORY; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; UNITED-STATES; UNIONIDAE; BIVALVIA; MOLLUSCA; VIRGINIA; GLOCHIDIA AB We investigated host fishes, timing and modes of glochidial release, and host-attraction strategies for 7 species of freshwater mussels from the Buttahatchee and Sipsey rivers (Mobile Basin), Alabama and Mississippi, USA. We determined hosts as fish species that produced juvenile mussels from laboratory-induced glochidial infections. We established the following primary mussel/host relationships: Elliptio arca with Etheostoma artesiae and Percina nigrofasciata; Fusconaia cerina with 6 species of minnows (Cyprinidae); Lampsilis ornata with Micropterus salmides; Medionidus acutissimus with 8 species of darters (Percidae); Obovaria unicolor with Ammocrypta beani, A. meridiana, and Etheostoma artesiae; Pleurobema decisum with Cyprinella venusta; and Quadrula asperata with Ictalurus punctatus. For most mussel species, host use was similar to that of closely related species indicating that, in general, this trait is highly conserved at the generic level. Four mussel species used host-attraction strategies that targeted their specific host fish. Fusconaia cerina and P decisum released glochidia in conglutinates that elicited feeding responses from fishes in the field and in the laboratory. Gravid female Lampsilis ornata and M. acutissimus displayed mantle lures. Host-attraction strategies were less apparent for E. arca and Q. asperata, but these species released glochidia in association with copious mucous secretions, which may serve to entangle fishes, facilitating host infection. No host-attraction strategy was apparent for O. unicolor. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. RP Haag, WR (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Bottomland Hardwoods Res, 1000 Front St, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 54 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 29 PU NORTH AMER BENTHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 1041 NEW HAMSPHIRE STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0887-3593 J9 J N AM BENTHOL SOC JI J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 78 EP 91 DI 10.2307/1467979 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 653PT UT WOS:000181446200006 ER PT J AU Lim, C Klesius, PH AF Lim, C Klesius, PH TI Influence of dietary levels of magnesium on growth, tissue mineral content, and resistance of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus challenged with Edwardsiella ictaluri SO JOURNAL OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; REQUIREMENT; FISH; PROTEIN; CARP AB Juvenile channel catfish were fed purified diets supplemented with magnesium (Mg) from Mg sulfate at levels of 0, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1,000 mg/kg and 0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg in two separate feeding studies. In study 1, the effect of dietary levels of Mg on growth response, vertebral mineral content, and macrophage chemotaxis were evaluated. Study 11 had similar objectives except that whole body mineral content was measured, and resistance of channel catfish to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge was also determined. Fish with an average weight of 10.89 g were stocked at a rate of 50 fish/110-L aquarium (study 1). In study II, fish with an average weight of 4.14 g were stocked at rates of 40 fish/110-L aquarium. Prior to stocking, each batch of fish was acclimated to laboratory conditions and fed the basal diet for 2 wk. The concentration of Mg in rearing water was 1.8 mg/L. Each diet was fed to fish in quadruplicate and triplicate aquaria to apparent satiation for 10 wk for studies I and 11, respectively. Fish fed the basal diet started to die as early as 3 d after the study began (17 d of feeding the diet without Mg supplementation). In both studies, weight gain, survival, and feed efficiency were lowest for fish fed the basal diet but increased with increasing dietary levels of Mg. However, the differences between the values of each of these parameters for fish fed diets containing supplemental Mg were not always significant. Magnesium-deficiency signs observed were anorexia, sluggishness, convulsions, deformed snout, vertebral curvature, muscle flaccidity, and high mortality. Vertebral and whole body ash concentrations were high, but Mg content was low for fish fed the basal and the 200-mg Mg diets. Bone Ca content did not differ among fish fed different diets (study 1), but whole body Ca tended to increase for fish fed the basal diet, suggesting the possibility of calcification of soft tissues. Macrophage chemotaxis in the presence of exoantigen was highest for fish fed diets supplemented with Mg at 400 and 200 mg/kg for studies I and 11, respectively. When expressed in terms of chemotaxis index, however, maximum or near maximum value was observed at a dietary Mg level of 400 mg/kg. Thus, a dietary level of Mg of 400 mg/kg from Mg sulfate was required for optimum growth and survival, maintaining high tissue levels of Mg, prevention of muscle flaccidity and skeletal deformity, and stimulating macrophage chemotaxis. Dietary levels of Mg had no effect on the resistance of juvenile channel catfish to Edwarsiella. ictaluri challenge. C1 ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, MSA, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. RP Lim, C (reprint author), ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, USDA, MSA, POB 952, Auburn, AL 36831 USA. NR 33 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY PI BATON ROUGE PA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, 143 J M PARKER COLISEUM, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA SN 0893-8849 J9 J WORLD AQUACULT SOC JI J. World Aquacult. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1 BP 18 EP 28 DI 10.1111/j.1749-7345.2003.tb00035.x PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 666ED UT WOS:000182163100003 ER PT J AU Pinzon, ZS Ewel, KC Putz, FE AF Pinzon, ZS Ewel, KC Putz, FE TI Gap formation and forest regeneration in a Micronesian mangrove forest SO JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Brugaiera gymnorrhiza; firewood harvesting; Kosrae; Rhizophora apiculata; Sonneratia alba ID NATURAL DISTURBANCE; RHIZOPHORA MANGLE; AVICENNIA-MARINA; TIDAL FORESTS; GROWTH; DYNAMICS; LIGHT; VEGETATION; HURRICANES; SEEDLINGS AB Gaps created by the death of one or more contiguous trees are common in mangrove forests but are poorly understood. In Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia, where mangrove wood is harvested for local use, most natural gaps were < 50 m(2), whereas most logging gaps were > 100 m(2). Interior zones, where access is facilitated by roads, were the most heavily exploited. Although the forests contained 11 species, two species were primarily responsible for gap formation. Natural gaps were caused mainly by broken stems and large branches of Sonneratia alba trees, whereas logging gaps were created primarily by harvesting Rhizophora apiculata trees. Most natural gaps were formed by the fall of more than one tree or branch. Seedling densities were higher in logging gaps than in natural gaps and higher in gaps than under intact canopy. Bruguiera gymnorrhiza was the most common seedling species in gaps and under intact canopy. Relative rates of growth in height were faster in gaps than under intact canopy for R. apiculata and B. gymnorrhiza seedlings. Current harvesting practices on the island do not seem to be altering species richness, although R. apiculata may become less common as gaps are increasingly captured by B. gymnorrhiza. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SE Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Bot, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Ewel, KC (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SE Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl St,Rm 323, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. NR 64 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0266-4674 J9 J TROP ECOL JI J. Trop. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 19 BP 143 EP 153 DI 10.1017/S026646740300316X PN 2 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 673XQ UT WOS:000182606600003 ER PT J AU Christopher-Hennings, J Dammen, MA Weeks, SR Epperson, WB Singh, SN Steinlicht, GL Fang, Y Skaare, JL Larsen, JL Payeur, JB Nelson, EA AF Christopher-Hennings, J Dammen, MA Weeks, SR Epperson, WB Singh, SN Steinlicht, GL Fang, Y Skaare, JL Larsen, JL Payeur, JB Nelson, EA TI Comparison of two DNA extractions and nested PCR, real-time PCR, a new commercial PCR assay, and bacterial culture for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in bovine feces SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MOLECULAR BEACON; CROHNS-DISEASE; FECAL SAMPLES; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; QUANTITATIVE PCR; CATTLE; CULTIVATION; HYBRIDIZATION; RESISTANCE AB In this study, 5 combinations of 2 DNA extractions and 3 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were compared with culture for the detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis directly from bovine feces. These combinations included a new commercial extraction technique combined with a commercial PCR/Southern blot technique, nested PCR (nPCR), or real-time PCR, and a university-developed extraction combined with nPCR or real-time PCR. Four of the 5 combinations had statistically similar sensitivities between 93% and 100% and specificity between 95% and 100%, when compared with culture results from 63 bovine fecal samples. These results indicated that using a commercial extraction with a commercial PCR/Southern blot, nPCR, or real-time PCR, or a university-developed extraction with real-time PCR would result in similar sensitivities to culture for the identification of M. paratuberculosis from bovine feces and are valid alternatives to culture. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Anim Dis Res & Diagnost Lab, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. Murray State Univ, Breathitt Vet Ctr, Hopkinsville, KY 42241 USA. Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50014 USA. RP Christopher-Hennings, J (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Anim Dis Res & Diagnost Lab, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. NR 36 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 15 IS 2 BP 87 EP 93 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 655PE UT WOS:000181560600001 PM 12661717 ER PT J AU Valdez, RA Rock, MJ Anderson, AK O'Rourke, KI AF Valdez, RA Rock, MJ Anderson, AK O'Rourke, KI TI Immunohistochemical detection and distribution of prion protein in a goat with natural scrapie SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID RETINAL DEGENERATION; LYMPHOID-TISSUE; SHEEP; DIAGNOSIS; PRPSC; BRAIN; GENE AB Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from a 3-year-old female Angora goat suffering from clinical scrapie were immunostained after hydrated autoclaving using a monoclonal antibody (mAb, F99/97.6. 1; IgG1) specific for a conserved epitope on the prion protein. Widespread and prominent deposition of the scrapie isoform of the prion protein (PrPSc) was observed in the brain, brainstem, spinal cord, retina, postganglionic neurons associated with parasympathetic ganglia of myenteric and submucosal plexuses, Peyer's patches, peripheral lymph nodes, and pharyngeal and palatine tonsils. The goat was homozygous for PrP alleles encoding 5 octapeptide repeat sequences in the N-terminal region of the pi-ion protein and isoleucine at codon 142, a genotype associated with high susceptibility and short incubation times in goats. The results of this study indicate that mAb F99/97.6.1 is useful for detection of PrPSc deposition, and this is a specific and reliable immunohistochemical adjunct to histopathology for diagnosis of natural caprine scrapie, although precise determination of the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the assay as a diagnostic test for scrapie in goats will require examination of a sufficiently large sample size. As with ovine scraping, prion protein is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, gastrointestinal tract, and lymphoid tissues in natural caprine scrapie. C1 ARS, Anim Dis Res Unit, USDA, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Valdez, RA (reprint author), Pfizer Inc, Global Res & Dev, Drug Safety Evaluat, Dept Pathol, Groton, CT 06340 USA. NR 22 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 15 IS 2 BP 157 EP 162 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 655PE UT WOS:000181560600010 PM 12661726 ER PT J AU Werge, R AF Werge, R TI Culture change and veterinary medicine SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 USDA, APHIS, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Werge, R (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Bldg B,Mail Stop 2W3,2150 Ctr Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0748-321X J9 J VET MED EDUC JI J. Vet. Med. Educ. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 30 IS 1 BP 5 EP 7 DI 10.3138/jvme.30.1.5 PG 3 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Veterinary Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Veterinary Sciences GA 668EB UT WOS:000182276400002 PM 12737151 ER PT J AU Zhao, QZ Pacheco, JM Mason, PW AF Zhao, QZ Pacheco, JM Mason, PW TI Evaluation of genetically engineered derivatives of a Chinese strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus reveals a novel cell-binding site which functions in cell culture and in animals SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEPARAN-SULFATE; ANTIGENIC SITES; INTEGRIN ALPHA(V)BETA(3); NEUTRALIZING EPITOPES; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; ESCAPE MUTANTS; SINDBIS VIRUS; RGD SEQUENCE; FC RECEPTOR; IN-VIVO AB Adaptation of field isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) to grow in cells in culture can result in changes in viral properties that include acquisition of the ability to bind to cell surface heparan sulfate (HS). After 13 passages on BHK cells to produce a vaccine, a Cathay topotype isolate of FMDV serotype O from China (O/CHA/90) extended its cell culture host range and bound to heparin-Sepharose, although it did not require cell surface HS as a receptor molecule. To understand these phenomena, we constructed chimeric viruses by using a type A(12) infectious cDNA and the capsid protein-coding regions of O/CHA/90 and its cell culture-adapted derivative (vac-O/CHA/90). Using a set of viruses derived from these chimeras by exchanging portions of the capsid-coding regions, we discovered that a group of amino acid residues that surround the fivefold axis of the icosahedral virion determine host range in cell culture and influence pathogenicity in pigs. These residues included aromatic amino acids at positions 108 and 174 and positively charged residues at positions 83 and 172 in protein ID. To test if these residues participated in non-integrin-dependent cell binding, the integrin-binding RGD sequence in protein 1D was changed to KGE in two different chimeras. Evaluation of these KGE viruses indicated that growth in cell culture was not dependent on HS. One of these viruses was tested in pigs, where it produced a mild disease and maintained its KGE sequence. These results are discussed in terms of receptor utilization and pathogenesis of this important pathogen. C1 USDA, Plum Isl Anim Dis Ctr, Greenport, NY USA. CAAS, Lanzhou Vet Res Inst, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China. RP Mason, PW (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, 3-206B Mary Moody No Pavil,301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. OI Pacheco, Juan/0000-0001-5477-0201 NR 56 TC 44 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 77 IS 5 BP 3269 EP 3280 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.3269-3280.2003 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 645VF UT WOS:000180999700048 PM 12584350 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, AH AF Lichtenstein, AH TI Dietary fat and cardiovascular disease risk: Quantity or quality? SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nutrition and Womens Health CY JUN 14-15, 2002 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Harvard Med Sch, Div Nutrit ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL LEVELS; LIFE-STYLE; PLASMA-LIPIDS; ACIDS; WOMEN; METAANALYSIS; CONSUMPTION; PREVENTION; DENSITY AB When considering dietary fat quantity, there are two main factors to consider, impact on body weight and plasma lipoprotein profiles. Data supporting a major role of dietary fat quantity in determining body weight are weak and may be confounded by differences in energy density, dietary fiber, and dietary protein. With respect to plasma lipoprotein profiles, relatively consistent evidence indicates that under isoweight conditions, decreasing the total fat content of the diet causes an increase in triglyceride and decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. When considering dietary fat quality, current evidence suggests that saturated fatty acids tend to increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, whereas monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids tend to decrease LDL cholesterol levels. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6n-3), are associated with decreased triglyceride levels in hypertriglyceridemic patients and decreased risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD). Dietary trans-fatty acids are associated with increased LDL cholesterol levels. Hence, a diet low in saturated and trans-fatty acids, with adequate amounts of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, would be recommended to reduce the risk of developing CHD. Additionally, the current data suggest it is necessary to go beyond dietary fat, regardless of whether the emphasis is on quantity or quality, and consider lifestyle. This would include encouraging abstinence from smoking, habitual physical activity, avoidance of weight gain with age, and responsible limited alcohol intake (one drink for females and two drinks for males per day). C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 32 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 12 IS 2 BP 109 EP 114 DI 10.1089/154099903321576493 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 670MR UT WOS:000182413000003 PM 12737709 ER PT J AU Piazza, GJ Nunez, A Foglia, TA AF Piazza, GJ Nunez, A Foglia, TA TI Isolation of unsaturated diols after oxidation of conjugated linoleic acid with peroxygenase SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID OAT SEED PEROXYGENASE; ARACHIDONIC-ACID; FATTY-ACIDS; AUTOXIDATION; EPOXIDATION; ALCOHOLS; ESTERS AB Oat seeds are a rich source of peroxygenase, an iron heme enzyme that participates in oxylipin metabolism in plants. An isomer of CLA, 9(Z), 11 (E)-octadecadienoic acid (1), believed to have anticarcinogenic activity, was used as a substrate for peroxygenase in an aqueous medium using t-butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant. After acidification of the reaction medium, the products were extracted with ethyl ether, converted to their methyl esters, and characterized using HPLC. Major products after reaction for 24 h showed resonances from H-1 NMR spectroscopy that were further downfield than the expected epoxides and were thought to be diol hydrolysis products. However, analyses by HPLC with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization MS (APCl-MS) of the putative allylic diols or their bis-trimethylsilyl ether derivatives gave incorrect M.W. The M.W. of the diols could be obtained by APCI-MS after removal of unsaturation by hydrogenation or by El-MS after conversion of the allylic 1,2-diols to cyclic methyl boronic esters. Data from MS in conjunction with analyses using H-1 and C-13 NMR showed that the methylated products from 1 were methyl 9,10(threo)-dihydroxy-11 (E)-octadecenoate, methyl 9,10(erythro)dihydroxy-11 (E)-octadecenoate, methyl 9,12(erythro)-dihydroxy-10(E)-octadecenoate, and methyl 9,12(threo)-dihydroxy-10(E)octadecenoate. Solid-phase extraction without prior acidification and conversion of the products to methyl esters allowed identification of the following epoxides: methyl 9,1 0(Z)-epoxy-11 (E)octadecenoate (6M), methyl 9,10(E)-epoxy-11 (E)-octadecenoate, and methyl 11, 12(E)-epoxy-9(-7)-octadecenoate. At times of up to at least 6 h, 6M accounted for approximately 90% of the epoxide product. Product analysis after the hydrolysis of isolated epoxide 6M showed that hydrolysis of epoxide 6 could largely account for the diol products obtained from the acidified reaction mixtures. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Piazza, GJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. OI Piazza, George/0000-0003-4896-4928 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC A O C S PRESS PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD MAR PY 2003 VL 38 IS 3 BP 255 EP 261 DI 10.1007/s11745-003-1058-0 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 680CZ UT WOS:000182959900008 PM 12784865 ER PT J AU Chen, N Bianchi, TS Bland, JM AF Chen, N Bianchi, TS Bland, JM TI Implications for the role of pre- versus post-depositional transformation of chlorophyll-a in the Lower Mississippi River and Louisiana shelf SO MARINE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll-a transformation products; carotenol chlorin esters; sterol chlorin esters; early diagenesis; lower Mississippi River; Louisiana shelf ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTIVITY; CHLORIN ESTERS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; PLANT PIGMENTS; TURBID WATERS; STERYL ESTERS; DEGRADATION; PRESERVATION; BIOMARKERS AB Water column particulates and sediments were collected in September 1998 and July 1999 from the Lower Mississippi River and two shelf sites, an oxic shelf site within the existing plume region and a hypoxic shelf site west of the existing plume. Sediment core samples were collected in April 2000 along a cross-shelf transect that included hypoxic waters. Photosynthetic pigments (chloropigments and carotenoids) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) transformation products in water column particulates and sediments were examined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on-line photodiode array (PDA) detector and HPLC on-line mass spectrometry (MS). Based on class-specific plant pigment concentrations, diatoms and cyanobacteria were found to be the major sources of organic matter buried in Louisiana (LA) shelf sediments. Pheophytin-a (17.3 +/- 6.3%), pyropheophytin-a (24.6 +/- 8.5%), chlorophyllone-a (9.6 +/- 4.9%), carotenoid chlorin esters (CCEs, 13.7 +/- 5.4%) and sterol chlorin esters (SCEs, 25.5 +/- 8.5%) were the dominant chlorophyll-a transformation products in shelf sediments. The absence of the two grazing biomarkers, CCEs and SCEs, in river sediments suggests that inputs from water column macrozooplankton grazing were not as important in river waters as compared to shelf waters. High concentrations of chlorophyllone-a in river sediments suggest that it was not likely produced through macrozooplankton grazing processes-like CCEs and SCEs. Our results indicate that chlorophyllone-a was likely to be associated with phytoplankton senescence and microbial breakdown of chlorophyll-a. Correlation analyses revealed significant correlations between SCEs, CCEs and pyropheophytin-a in shelf sediments, which indicate that their production in shelf waters was closely coupled to grazing activities on the shelf. Although many of the specific mechanisms of chlorophyll-a decay proposed in this study remain speculative, this work does provide a general foundation, using state-of-the-art analyses of plants pigments, for comparing and contrasting pre- and post-depositional carbon decay pathways in river and shelf environments. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. RP Bianchi, TS (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 120 Dinwiddie Hall, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. NR 55 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4203 J9 MAR CHEM JI Mar. Chem. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1-2 BP 37 EP 55 DI 10.1016/S0304-4203(02)0138-X PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Chemistry; Oceanography GA 664RK UT WOS:000182074400004 ER PT J AU Liu, YL Fan, XT Chen, YR Thayer, DW AF Liu, YL Fan, XT Chen, YR Thayer, DW TI Changes in structure and color characteristics of irradiated chicken breasts as a function of dosage and storage time SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE visible spectroscopy; color; irradiation; chicken breast; myoglobin ID 2-DIMENSIONAL CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; VISIBLE/NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; REFLECTANCE SPECTRA; POULTRY CARCASSES; THERMAL-TREATMENT; PACKAGED PORK; MEATS; BEEF; CLASSIFICATION; RADIATION AB Structural change and color characteristics of chicken breasts as a function of irradiation dose and subsequent storage process were investigated by visible spectroscopy and HunterLab measurement. Ratios of R-1 = A(485 nm)/A(560) (nm) and R-2 = A(635 nm)/A(560 nm), which are related to absorbances of the visible bands at 485 nm (metmyoglobin), 560 nm (oxymyoglobin), and 635 nm (sulfmyoglobin), suggested that relative amount of oxymyoglobin either increases as a result of irradiation, or decreases with the storage process. The plot of R-1 and R-2 versus storage time showed that the increments of both R-1 and R-2 are dose-dependent and that the relative amount of oxymyoglobin species in irradiated meats begins to decompose 7-12 days later than raw meats. In addition, R-1 and R-2 values were correlated with color index E* of chicken breasts. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Food Safety Res Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19308 USA. RP Chen, YR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Bldg 303,BARC East,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 28 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 63 IS 3 BP 301 EP 307 AR PII S0309-1740(02)00086-4 DI 10.1016/S0309-1740(02)00086-4 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 619PA UT WOS:000179484100004 PM 22062381 ER PT J AU Burke, JM Apple, JK Roberts, WJ Boger, CB Kegley, EB AF Burke, JM Apple, JK Roberts, WJ Boger, CB Kegley, EB TI Effect of breed-type on performance and carcass traits of intensively managed hair sheep SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hair sheep; growth; carcass traits; quality; shear force ID HAEMONCHUS-CONTORTUS; DORPER SHEEP; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; RUMINANT; LAMBS AB The objectives of this study were to evaluate growth performance and carcass characteristics of intensively managed purebred and crossbred hair sheep, and determine the value of the Dorper breed as a terminal sire on St.Croix and St. Croix-cross dams. Animals used were Dorper x St: Croix (DS), and Dorper x Romanov x St. Croix (DX), Katahdin (KA), St. Croix (SC), and 3/4 St. Croix-1/4 Romanov (SX) wether lambs. From birth to weaning, daily gains (ADG) were greater (P < 0.01) for DS, and KA lambs than SC and SX lambs; yet, from weaning to harvest, ADG was greatest (P < 0.01) for DS, followed by DX, SC, SX, and KA lambs. Carcass weights were heavier (P < 0.01) for DS than all other breeds and DS, DX, KA, and SX carcasses had greater (P < 0.01) fat thickness measurements than SC carcasses. The longissimus thoracic (LT) area was largest (P < 0.01) for DS and DX carcasses and smallest (P < 0.01) for SC and SX carcasses. Skeletal, lean, and overall maturities were similar (P > 0.10) among the breed types; however, carcasses from SC lambs received lower (P < 0.02) flank streaking scores than DS, KA, and SX lambs. Conformation scores and quality grades were greater (P < 0.01) for DS and OX than SC or SX carcasses. Although L* values of the LT were similar (P > 0.10), the LT from DX lambs was redder (P < 0.01) and more yellow (P < 0.01) than that of DS and SC lambs. The shear force values of the LT chops from KA lambs were greater (P < 0.01) than all other breed types. Results indicate that improvements in live animal performance, carcass muscularity, and quality can be achieved by using Dorper sires on purebred and crossbred St. Croix dams. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RP Burke, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Ctr, Booneville, AR 72927 USA. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 63 IS 3 BP 309 EP 315 AR PII S0309-1740(02)00087-6 DI 10.1016/S0309-1740(02)00087-6 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 619PA UT WOS:000179484100005 PM 22062382 ER PT J AU Sommers, CH Fan, XT Handel, AP Sokorai, KB AF Sommers, CH Fan, XT Handel, AP Sokorai, KB TI Effect of citric acid on the radiation resistance of Listeria monocytogenes and frankfurter quality factors SO MEAT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Listeria monocytogenes; ionizing radiation; gamma irradiation; citric acid; frankfurters; ready-to-eat meat products ID GAMMA-IRRADIATION; COLOR CHARACTERISTICS; REFRIGERATED STORAGE; INTRACELLULAR PH; LIPID OXIDATION; ASCORBIC-ACID; PACKAGED PORK; SCOTT-A; TURKEY; INACTIVATION AB Listeria monocytogenes is a common contaminant of ready-to-eat meat products; including frankfurters. Ionizing (gamma) radiation can eliminate L. monocytogenes from frankfurters. Citric acid (CA) is an antioxidant synergist and anti-microbial agent that can be applied to the surfaces of cured meat products prior to packaging. The effect of CA on the radiation resistance of L. monocytogenes that was surface-inoculated onto frankfurters was determined. The D-10 values, the radiation doses required to inactivate 90% of viable L. monocytogenes, were 0.61, 0.60, 0.54, and 0.53 kGy, on frankfurters dipped in 0, 1, 5 or 10% CA solution, respectively. CA, although an antioxidant synergist, did not increase antioxidant activity (AA) on frankfurter surfaces as determined by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Lipid oxidation, as determined by the Thiobarbituric acid. reactive substances (TBARS) assay, was not affected by CA or ionizing radiation. Color of frankfurters, determined by Hunter L, a, b, indicated that ionizing radiation induced a small, but visually imperceptible, loss of redness (a-value). Frankfurter firmness, as measured by maximum shear force, was not affected by ionizing radiation or CA. CA enhanced the lethality of ionizing radiation without negatively impacting frankfurter color, lipid oxidation, firmness, or antioxidant activity. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, NAA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Sommers, CH (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Safety Intervent Technol Res Unit, NAA, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1740 J9 MEAT SCI JI Meat Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 63 IS 3 BP 407 EP 415 AR PII S0309-1740(02)00100-6 DI 10.1016/S0309-1740(02)00100-6 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 619PA UT WOS:000179484100018 PM 22062395 ER PT J AU Treuth, MS Sherwood, NE Butte, NF McClanahan, B Obarzanek, E Zhou, A Ayers, C Adolph, A Jordan, J Jacobs, DR Rochon, J AF Treuth, MS Sherwood, NE Butte, NF McClanahan, B Obarzanek, E Zhou, A Ayers, C Adolph, A Jordan, J Jacobs, DR Rochon, J TI Validity and reliability of activity measures in African-American girls for GEMS SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE accelerometer; pedometer; physical activity assessment; self-report questionnaires; children; inactivity ID CHILDRENS PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; SELF-REPORT; VALIDATION; PEDOMETER; ACCELEROMETRY; ACTOMETER; YOUTH AB Purpose: To determine the reliability and validity of physical activity monitors and self-report instruments suitable for young African-American girls. Methods: A validation study was conducted by the Girls health Enrichment Multi-site Studies (GEMS) research team to compare an accelerometer with a pedometer and two self-report instruments for assessing physical activity in African-American girls, age 8-9 yr. Girls (N = 68) attended two clinic visits spaced 4 d apart. Each girl wore a MTI/CSA accelerometer (used as the criterion standard for validity) and a pedometer simultaneously for four consecutive days. Girls completed on two occasions a 24-h physical activity checklist of yesterday and usual activities, including sedentary activities (GEMS Activity Questionnaire, GAQ), and a 3-d computerized self-report instrument (Activitygram). Results: Girls were (mean +/- SD) 9.0 +/- 0.6 yr old and had a body mass index of 19.4 kg(.)m(-2). Reliability measured by intraclass correlations (ICC) and Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were calculated for the MTI/CSA (ICC = 0.37, P < 0.0001), pedometer (ICC = 0.08, P = 0.094), Activitygram (ICC = 0.24) (P = 0.005), and GAQ for physical (r = 0.80, P < 0.0001) and sedentary (r = 0.3-0.5, P < 0.005) activities. Significant Pearson correlations between the MTI/CSA and the other instruments, as a measure of validity, were observed for the 4-d average pedometer score (r = 0.47, P < 0.0001), 3-d average Activitygram score (r = 0.37, P = 0.002), and the average of the two yesterday and two usual GAQ activity scores for a subset of 18 physical activities questions (r = 0.27, P = 0.03; and r = 0.29, P = 0.02, respectively). The MTI/CSA was uncorrelated with single day scores from the three other instruments. Conclusion: The reliability of the instruments tested was acceptable, except the pedometer. Validity correlations were significant when more than one day was used. Self-report instruments need further development for improved reliability and validity. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Oslo, Inst Nutr Res, Oslo, Norway. USDA ARS, Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Univ Memphis, Ctr Community Hlth, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. George Washington Univ, Ctr Biostat, Rockville, MD USA. RP Treuth, MS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RI Schmoelz, Camilie/D-1707-2012 OI Schmoelz, Camilie/0000-0003-2221-9954 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U01 HL62662, HL65160, U01 HL62663, U01 HL62668, U01 HL62732] NR 19 TC 106 Z9 107 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 35 IS 3 BP 532 EP 539 DI 10.1249/01.MSS.0000053702.03884.3F PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 652NZ UT WOS:000181386400023 PM 12618587 ER PT J AU Hartel, KD Frederick, BA Shanower, TG AF Hartel, KD Frederick, BA Shanower, TG TI Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in wheat stem sawfly Cephus cinctus and cross-species amplification in related species SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Cephus cinctus; cross-species amplification; microsatellite; wheat stem sawfly AB The wheat stem sawfly is an important insect pest of wheat that can cause significant damage to yield and grain quality. Five microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized in wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus, to facilitate future population genetic studies and help delineate their geographical origin. These loci were found to be polymorphic with an expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.304 to 0.937 and an observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.05 to 0.65. Successful cross-species amplification demonstrates the potential for these markers to provide a valuable tool for future population studies among related Cephus species. C1 ARS, USDA, No Plains Agr Res Lab, Sidney, MT USA. RP Hartel, KD (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, Loftsgard Hall,POB 5051, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD MAR PY 2003 VL 3 IS 1 BP 85 EP 87 DI 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00359.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 657EA UT WOS:000181651400027 ER PT J AU Wattier, RAM Gathercole, LL Assinder, SJ Gliddon, CJ Deahl, KL Shaw, DS Mills, DI AF Wattier, RAM Gathercole, LL Assinder, SJ Gliddon, CJ Deahl, KL Shaw, DS Mills, DI TI Sequence variation of intergenic mitochondrial DNA spacers (mtDNA-IGS) of Phytophthora infestans (Oomycetes) and related species SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE genetic marker; mtDNA intergenic spacers (mtDNA-IGS); Phytophthora infestans; potato late-blight disease ID POPULATION; MARKERS AB The potato late-blight disease is caused by the pseudofungus Phytophthora infestans (Oomycetes). This pathogen was of historical importance as it caused the Irish Potato Famine. There is currently a worldwide resurgence of the disease. Following worldwide migrations as well as being able to discriminate P. infestans from related species are key issues. We present sequence variation of five inter-genic mitochondrial DNA spacers (mtDNA-IGS) for P. infestans and four related taxa. Intra and inter-taxon variation was observed showing potential for both molecular ecology and molecular systematic. C1 Univ Coll N Wales, Sch Biol Sci, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. ARS, Vegetable Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Wattier, RAM (reprint author), Univ Coll N Wales, Sch Biol Sci, Bangor LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, Wales. NR 6 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD MAR PY 2003 VL 3 IS 1 BP 136 EP 138 DI 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00378.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 657EA UT WOS:000181651400046 ER PT J AU Hovey, RC Harris, J Hadsell, DL Lee, AV Ormandy, CJ Vonderhaar, BK AF Hovey, RC Harris, J Hadsell, DL Lee, AV Ormandy, CJ Vonderhaar, BK TI Local insulin-like growth factor-II mediates prolactin-induced mammary gland development SO MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EPITHELIAL-CELL GROWTH; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; RECEPTOR ISOFORM-A; IGF-II; MESSENGER-RNA; BINDING-PROTEINS; TRANSGENIC MICE; EXPRESSION; MOUSE; GENE AB Prolactin (PRL) is a major determinant of mammary epithelial cell proliferation during alveolar development in sexually mature and pregnant mice. To date, it has not been clear whether PRL effects these responses alone or by also invoking the action of autocrine/paracrine growth factors. In this study, we provide evidence that part of the effect of PRL on mammary gland growth is mediated by IGF-II. During sexual maturity and in early pregnancy, the level of IGF-II mRNA in the mammary gland was increased concurrent with increased PRL receptor expression. The level of IGF-II mRNA was reduced in mammary tissue from PRL receptor(-/-) mice during early pregnancy, and explants of mouse mammary gland and HC11 mammary epithelial cells both increased their expression of IGF-II after exposure to PRL in vitro. These findings coincided with the demonstration that IGF-II stimulated alveolar development in mammary glands in whole organ culture. PRL was most efficacious in stimulating IGF-II gene transcription from promoter 3 of the mouse IGF-II gene in vitro. Insight into the mechanism by which PRL induced IGF-II expression was provided by the fact that it was blocked by the Jak2 inhibitor AG490 and the MAPK inhibitor PD98059. Finally, induction of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 in the mammary glands of PRL-treated mice and induction of IRS-1 and IRS-2 after treatment with PRL plus progesterone indicates that these molecules are induced by PRL as potential signaling intermediates downstream from IGF-I/insulin receptors. Together, these data demonstrate a role for IGF-II as a mediator of PRL action in the mouse mammary gland during ductal branching and alveolar development. C1 NCI, Mammary Biol & Tumorigenesis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Garvan Inst Med Res, Canc Res Program, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia. Baylor Coll Med, USDA, Agr Res Serv, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Breast Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hovey, RC (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Anim Sci, Lactat & Mammary Gland Biol Grp, Rm 121,Terrill Hall, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RI Ormandy, Chris/G-4165-2014 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01-CA-94118] NR 49 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 4 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 4350 EAST WEST HIGHWAY SUITE 500, BETHESDA, MD 20814-4110 USA SN 0888-8809 J9 MOL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Endocrinol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 17 IS 3 BP 460 EP 471 DI 10.1210/me.2002-0214 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 653FK UT WOS:000181424400014 PM 12554791 ER PT J AU Chang, PK AF Chang, PK TI The Aspergillus parasiticus protein AFLJ interacts with the aflatoxin pathway-specific regulator AFLR SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; gene regulation; coactivator; protein-protein interaction ID TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; SIGNALING PATHWAY; GENE-EXPRESSION; CLUSTER PROTEIN; BIOSYNTHESIS; NIDULANS; COACTIVATOR; TRANSFORMATION AB The Aspergillus parasiticus aflJ gene, which is located in the aflatoxin biosynthetic gene cluster and is transcribed divergently from the aflatoxin pathway regulatory gene aflR, encodes a 438-amino acid protein. Transformation with aflJ plus aflR, but not aflJ alone, increased the accumulation of aflatoxin precursors substantially in an O-methylsterigmatocystin-accumulating A. parasiticus strain. Disruption of aflJ resulted in non-pigmented mutants that lost the ability to synthesize aflatoxin intermediates. Transcript profiling by real time RT-PCR indicated that the lack of aflJ transcripts in the aflJ knockout mutants is associated with a significant decrease in the transcript levels of the genes for early (pksA and nor1), middle (ver1) and later (omtA) steps in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway, with the degree of reduction ranging from 5- to 20-fold. Deletion of aflJ, however, did not have any effect on the aflR transcript level, and vice versa. Two-hybrid assays showed that AM did not interact with aflatoxin biosynthetic enzymes, including NOR1, VER1, OMTA and ORDA. But AFLJ interacted with full-length AFLR, and the DNA-binding domain of AFLR was found not to be essential for this interaction. Simultaneous substitution of Arg427, Arg429, and Arg431 in the C-terminal region of AFLR with Leu residues abolished its ability to interact with AFLJ. Replacement of Asp436, which was previously shown to be crucial for AFLR's activation activity, with His, in contrast, had little effect on the interaction. On the other hand, deletions in most regions of AFLJ appeared to destroy its function, despite the fact that random amino acid substitution(s) in its C-terminal region did not drastically affect its capacity to interact with AFLR. The results show that aflJ is involved in the expression of aflatoxin structural genes and support the hypothesis that aflJ is a coactivator gene. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Chang, PK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. NR 36 TC 78 Z9 86 U1 4 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1617-4615 J9 MOL GENET GENOMICS JI Mol. Genet. Genomics PD MAR PY 2003 VL 268 IS 6 BP 711 EP 719 DI 10.1007/s00438-003-0809-3 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 671GH UT WOS:000182456600002 PM 12655397 ER PT J AU Martin, FN Tooley, PW AF Martin, FN Tooley, PW TI Phylogenetic relationships among Phytophthora species inferred from sequence analysis of mitochondrially encoded cytochrome oxidase I and II genes SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE cox I; cox II; ITS phylogeny ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; DNA; PYTHIUM; RNA; STRAMENOPILES; EVOLUTION; FUNGI; POLYMORPHISMS; PERSPECTIVE; NICOTIANAE AB The phylogenetic relationships of 51 isolates representing 27 species of Phytophthora were assessed by sequence alignment of 568 bp of the mitochondrially encoded cytochrome oxidase II gene. A total of 1299 bp of the cytochrome oxidase I gene also were examined for a subset of 13 species. The cox II gene trees constructed by a heuristic search, based on maximum parsimony for a bootstrap 50% majority-rule consensus tree, revealed 18 species grouping into seven clactes and nine species unaffiliated with a specific clade. The phylogenetic relationships among species observed on cox II gene trees did not exhibit consistent similarities in groupings for morphology, pathogenicity, host range or temperature optima. The topology of cox I gene trees, constructed by a heuristic search based on maximum parsimony for a bootstrap 50% majority-rule consensus tree for 13 species of Phytophthora, revealed 10 species grouping into three clades and three species unaffiliated with a specific clade. The groupings in general agreed with what was observed in the cox II tree. Species relationships observed for the cox II gene tree were in agreement with those based on ITS regions, with several notable exceptions. Some of these differences were noted in species in which the same isolates were used for both ITS and cox II analysis, suggesting either a differential rate of evolutionary divergence for these two regions or incorrect assumptions about alignment of ITS sequences. Analysis of combined data sets of ITS and cox II sequences generated a tree that did not differ substantially front analysis of ITS data alone, however, the results of a partition homogeneity test suggest that combining data sets may not be valid. C1 USDA ARS, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. USDA ARS, Foreign Dis Weed Sci Res Unit, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Martin, FN (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1636 E Alisal St, Salinas, CA 93905 USA. NR 50 TC 132 Z9 140 U1 3 U2 11 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 95 IS 2 BP 269 EP 284 DI 10.2307/3762038 PG 16 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 678NZ UT WOS:000182874500009 PM 21156613 ER PT J AU Ginns, J Worrall, J AF Ginns, J Worrall, J TI Josiah Lincoln Lowe, 1905-1997 SO MYCOLOGIA LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 US Forest Serv, Gunnison, CO 81230 USA. RP Ginns, J (reprint author), 1970 Sutherland Rd, Penticton, BC V2A 8T8, Canada. RI Worrall, James/G-9496-2011 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN PI BRONX PA PUBLICATIONS DEPT, BRONX, NY 10458 USA SN 0027-5514 J9 MYCOLOGIA JI Mycologia PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 95 IS 2 BP 374 EP 378 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 678NZ UT WOS:000182874500021 ER PT J AU Kothera, RT Keinath, AP Dean, RA Farnham, MW AF Kothera, RT Keinath, AP Dean, RA Farnham, MW TI AFLP analysis of a worldwide collection of Didymella bryoniae SO MYCOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GUMMY STEM BLIGHT; GENETIC-VARIATION; CUCURBITS; PHOMA; WATERMELON; DISEASE; DIFFERENTIATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CUCUMBER; ROT AB Didymella bryoniae (anamorph Phoma cucurbitacearum) is an ascomycete that causes gummy stem blight, a foliar disease that occurs on cucurbits in greenhouses and fields throughout the world. In a previous study using RAPD analysis, little genetic diversity was found among isolates of D. bryoniae from New York and South Carolina, USA. Here we report the use of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis to assess the genetic variation within a worldwide collection of D. bryoniae. 102 field and greenhouse isolates from ten states in the USA (California, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Maryland, Michigan, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Texas) and seven other countries (Australia, Canada, China, Greece, Israel, Sweden, and The Netherlands) were examined. Seven different AFLP primer-pair combinations generated 450 bands, of which 134 were polymorphic (30 %). Using cluster analysis, two groups and a total of seven subgroups were delineated. Representative isolates varied in their virulence on muskmelon and watermelon seedlings, but the degree of virulence was not strongly associated with AFLP groupings. However, isolates from the northern USA grouped separately from isolates originating from the southern USA. C1 Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Fungal Genom Lab, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, US Vegetable Lab, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Kothera, RT (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Coastal Res & Educ Ctr, 2865 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0953-7562 J9 MYCOL RES JI Mycol. Res. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 107 BP 297 EP 304 DI 10.1017/S0953756203007470 PN 3 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 690BJ UT WOS:000183527200008 PM 12825498 ER PT J AU Belteki, G Gertsenstein, M Ow, DW Nagy, A AF Belteki, G Gertsenstein, M Ow, DW Nagy, A TI Site-specific cassette exchange and germline transmission with mouse ES cells expressing phi C31 integrase SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; TRANSGENIC MICE; RECOMBINATION SYSTEM; DNA RECOMBINATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; FLP RECOMBINASE; PHAGE PHI-C31; PASSAGE; LOCI; LOXP AB Currently two site-specific recombinases are available for engineering the mouse genome: Cre from P1 phage(1,2) and Flp from yeast(3,4). Both enzymes catalyze recombination between two 34-base pair recognition sites, lox and FRT, respectively, resulting in excision, inversion, or translocation of DNA sequences depending upon the location and the orientation of the recognition sites(5,6). Furthermore, strategies have been designed to achieve site-specific insertion or cassette exchange(7-10). The problem with both recombinase systems is that when they insert a circular DNA into the genome (trans event), two cis-positioned recognition sites are created, which are immediate substrates for excision. To stabilize the trans event, functional mutant recognition sites had to be identified(8-12). None of the systems, however, allowed efficient selection-free identification of insertion or cassette exchange. Recently, an integrase from Streptomyces phage phiC31 has been shown to function in Schizosaccharomyces pombe(13) and mammalian(14,15) cells. This enzyme recombines between two heterotypic sites: attB and attP. The product sites of the recombination event (attL and attR) are not substrates for the integrase(16). Therefore, the phiC31 integrase is ideal to facilitate site-specific insertions into the mammalian genome. C1 Mt Sinai Hosp, Samuel Lunenfeld Res Inst, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Semmelweis Univ, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary. ARS, Ctr Plant Gene Express, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Mol & Med Genet, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. RP Nagy, A (reprint author), Mt Sinai Hosp, Samuel Lunenfeld Res Inst, 600 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. EM nagy@mshri.on.ca RI Belteki, Gusztav/B-8956-2008; Nagy, Andras/G-6465-2013 FU NIDA NIH HHS [5R01 DA14784 02] NR 22 TC 133 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 21 IS 3 BP 321 EP 324 DI 10.1038/nbt787 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 651GQ UT WOS:000181312500031 PM 12563279 ER PT J AU Vance, CP Uhde-Stone, C Allan, DL AF Vance, CP Uhde-Stone, C Allan, DL TI Phosphorus acquisition and use: critical adaptations by plants for securing a nonrenewable resource SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE roots; expressed sequence tags (ESTs); nutrient acquisition; white lupin (Lupinus albus); genetics; plant stress ID LUPINUS-ALBUS L.; PYROPHOSPHATE-DEPENDENT PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE; NIGRA SUSPENSION CELLS; LATERAL ROOT-FORMATION; ACID-PHOSPHATASE-ACTIVITY; OF-FUNCTION MUTATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; WHITE LUPIN; PROTEOID ROOTS; DEFICIENT CONDITIONS AB Phosphorus (P) is limiting for crop yield on > 30% of the world's arable land and, by some estimates, world resources of inexpensive P may be depleted by 2050. Improvement of P acquisition and use by plants is critical for economic, humanitarian and environmental reasons. Plants have evolved a diverse array of strategies to obtain adequate P under limiting conditions, including modifications to root architecture, carbon metabolism and membrane structure, exudation of low molecular weight organic acids, protons and enzymes, and enhanced expression of the numerous genes involved in low-P adaptation. These adaptations may be less pronounced in mycorrhizal-associated plants. The formation of cluster roots under P-stress by the nonmycorrhizal species white lupin (Lupinus albus ), and the accompanying biochemical changes exemplify many of the plant adaptations that enhance P acquisition and use. Physiological, biochemical, and molecular studies of white lupin and other species response to P-deficiency have identified targets that may be useful for plant improvement. Genomic approaches involving identification of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) found under low-P stress may also yield target sites for plant improvement. Interdisciplinary studies uniting plant breeding, biochemistry, soil science, and genetics under the large umbrella of genomics are prerequisite for rapid progress in improving nutrient acquisition and use in plants. C1 Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Vance, CP (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM vance004@tc.umn.edu NR 279 TC 868 Z9 1042 U1 37 U2 373 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 157 IS 3 BP 423 EP 447 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00695.x PG 25 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 651RC UT WOS:000181333500004 ER PT J AU Fravel, D Olivain, C Alabouvette, C AF Fravel, D Olivain, C Alabouvette, C TI Fusarium oxysporum and its biocontrol SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Review DE diversity; antagonism; competition; induced systemic resistance ID VEGETATIVE COMPATIBILITY GROUPS; SP VASINFECTUM RACES; F-SP DIANTHI; NONPATHOGENIC FUSARIUM; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GENE GENEALOGIES; FUNGUS FUSARIUM; DISEASES SUPPRESSIVENESS; MYCOHERBICIDAL STRAINS; PATHOGENIC FUSARIUM AB Fusarium oxysporum is well represented among the rhizosphere microflora. While all strains exist saprophytically, some are well-known for inducing wilt or root rots on plants whereas others are considered as nonpathogenic. Several methods based on phenotypic and genetic traits have been developed to characterize F. oxysporum strains. Results showed the great diversity affecting the soil-borne populations of F. oxysporum . In suppressive soils, interactions between pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains result in the control of the disease. Therefore nonpathogenic strains are developed as biocontrol agents. The nonpathogenic F. oxysporum strains show several modes of action contributing to their biocontrol capacity. They are able to compete for nutrients in the soil, affecting the rate of chlamydospore germination of the pathogen. They can also compete for infection sites on the root, and can trigger plant defence reactions, inducing systemic resistance. These mechanisms are more or less important depending on the strain. The nonpathogenic F. oxysporum are easy to mass produce and formulate, but application conditions for biocontrol efficacy under field conditions have still to be determined. C1 IPM, INRA, CMSE, UMR BBCE, F-21065 Dijon, France. ARS, USDA, Vegetable Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Alabouvette, C (reprint author), IPM, INRA, CMSE, UMR BBCE, BP 85610, F-21065 Dijon, France. EM alabouvette@dijon.inra.fr NR 78 TC 161 Z9 189 U1 7 U2 75 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0028-646X EI 1469-8137 J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 157 IS 3 BP 493 EP 502 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00700.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 651RC UT WOS:000181333500008 ER PT J AU Wolf, J Johnson, NC Rowland, DL Reich, PB AF Wolf, J Johnson, NC Rowland, DL Reich, PB TI Elevated CO2 and plant species richness impact arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spore communities SO NEW PHYTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi; elevated CO2; species richness; N addition; free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE); multi-response permutation procedure (MRPP); BioCON (Biodiversity, CO2 and N) experiment; Glomus clarum ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; GLOBAL CHANGE; GRASSLAND; RESPONSES; NITROGEN; DIVERSITY; DYNAMICS; PRAIRIE; BIODIVERSITY AB We enumerated arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal spore communities for 3 yr as part of a long-term CO2 enrichment experiment at Cedar Creek, Minnesota, USA. Complete factorial combinations of two levels of CO2 and N, and 16 perennial plant species grown in monoculture and 16-species polyculture were arranged in a split-plot design. In 1998-2000, spore communities were quantified under monocultures of eight plant species. In 2000, measurements were expanded to include monocultures and polycultures of all of the plant species. Under plant monocultures, only Glomus clarum responded significantly to CO2 elevation out of 11 species present. This response was not detectable under plant polycultures. Glomus clarum was also significantly more abundant under plant polycultures. Nitrogen addition had small negative effects on AM fungal spore abundance and species richness in 2000. The interaction of CO2 and N did not affect arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spore communities. We show that CO2 enrichment and plant species richness impact arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community structure. These findings are important because altered symbiotic functioning may result. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. No Arizona Univ, Merriam Powell Ctr Environm Res, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Peanut Res Lab, Dawson, GA 31742 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Wolf, J (reprint author), No Arizona Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RI wolf, julie/I-6829-2012 OI wolf, julie/0000-0002-1437-982X NR 42 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0028-646X J9 NEW PHYTOL JI New Phytol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 157 IS 3 BP 579 EP 588 DI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00696.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 651RC UT WOS:000181333500015 ER PT J AU Leak, WB AF Leak, WB TI Best density and structure for uneven-aged northern hardwood management in New England SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE northern hardwoods; stocking; structure; growth ID STANDS AB Choice of the best residual density (basal area per acre) and structure (diameter distribution) for uneven-aged management of northern hardwoods is a complex decision that depends on the manager's decision rules, product objectives, site conditions, and-perhaps most important-current stand conditions. In contrast to other recommendations on residual density and structure, growth information from a study in New Hampshire shows that a residual basal area of 60-80 ft(2)/ac coupled with a sawtimber basal area as low as 25-35 ft(2)/ac (equivalent to a q-ratio of 1.5-2.0) may result in adequate 10 yr board-foot growth responses in previously unmanaged stands on mediocre northern hardwood sites. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Leak, WB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, POB 640, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 20 IS 1 BP 43 EP 44 PG 2 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 653AK UT WOS:000181412900007 ER PT J AU Berger, CA Gilmore, DW AF Berger, CA Gilmore, DW TI Germination and survival of spruce seedlings following fire in northwestern Alberta SO NORTHERN JOURNAL OF APPLIED FORESTRY LA English DT Article DE black spruce; prescribed burn; regeneration; silviculture; white spruce ID FOREST AB Thirty semipermanent plots were established in a 10 ha (24.7 ac) spruce stand the spring following a winter harvest and subsequent prescribed burn to monitor germination by month and overwinter survival of spruce seedlings. Seventy percent of all germination occurred in June with regeneration densities as high as 800,000 germinants ha(-1) (323,755 ac(-1)). Most germination occurred, and overwinter survival was highest in depressed microsites. Overwinter survival averaged 68,000 seedlings ha(-1) (2 7,520 ac(-1)), with June germinants having greater survival then July or August germinants. Only three new germinants were detected the second spring following the prescribed burn. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Univ Minnesota, N Cent Res & Outreach Ctr, Dept Forest Resources, Grand Rapids, MN 55744 USA. RP Gilmore, DW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, 240 W Prospect Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0742-6348 J9 NORTH J APPL FOR JI North. J. Appl. For. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 20 IS 1 BP 45 EP 47 PG 3 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 653AK UT WOS:000181412900008 ER PT J AU Gaines, WL Lyons, AL AF Gaines, WL Lyons, AL TI Crepuscular and nocturnal activity patterns of black bears in the North Cascades of Washington SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HABITAT USE AB The activity patterns of radio-collared black bears were monitored during 1996-1998 at two study areas in the North Cascades of Washington. Compositional analysis of activity patterns showed that black bears were not equally active across time periods and that they exhibited crepuscular activity patterns regardless of sex, season, or study area. The lowest level of activity consistently occurred during the 0201-0400 PST time period. In general, females were most active during the morning and males during the evening. The results of this study suggest that diurnal telemetry data would adequately describe black bear resource use. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Okanogan & Wenatchee Natl Forest, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Gaines, WL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Okanogan & Wenatchee Natl Forest, 215 Melody Lane, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM wgaines@fs.fed.us NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU NORTHWEST SCIENTIFIC ASSOC PI SEATTLE PA JEFFREY DUDA, USGS, WESTERN FISHERIES RES CTR, 6505 NE 65 ST, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0029-344X EI 2161-9859 J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 77 IS 2 BP 140 EP 146 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 678XT UT WOS:000182892500007 ER PT J AU Hummel, S Agee, JK AF Hummel, S Agee, JK TI Western spruce budworm defoliation effects on forest structure and potential fire behavior SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAKS; MANAGEMENT; LANDSCAPE AB Forest composition and structure on the eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains have been influenced by decades of fire exclusion. Multi-layered canopies and high numbers of shade-tolerant true fir trees interact with western spruce budworm to alter forest structure and to affect potential fire behavior and effects. We compared measurements taken in 1992 (early budworm outbreak) and 2000 (late budworm outbreak) from 21 permanent plots located in a late successional reserve south of Mt. Adams in Washington. Canopy closure decreased significantly, from a mean of 78% in 1992 to 43% in 2000, but the coarse woody debris load increased significantly during the same period, from about 40 Mg ha(-1) to 80 Mg ha(-1). Tree mortality was mostly in the smaller (<20 cm) diameter classes. Potential surface fire flame lengths increased significantly from 1.4 in in 1992 to 1.9 m in 2000, but changes in torching potential and independent crown fire behavior were not significant. Projections using the First Order Fire Effects Model indicate that a wildfire in conditions similar to those in 2000 would not be of stand replacement severity and would leave 148 trees ha(-1) and more than 34 m(2) ha(-1) of basal area. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97208 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Div Ecosyst Sci, Seattle, WA 98815 USA. RP Hummel, S (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, POB 3890, Portland, OR 97208 USA. EM shummel@fs.fed.us NR 53 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 77 IS 2 BP 159 EP 169 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 678XT UT WOS:000182892500009 ER PT J AU Hipkins, VD Wilson, BL Harrod, RJ Aubry, C AF Hipkins, VD Wilson, BL Harrod, RJ Aubry, C TI Isozyme variation in showy stickseed, a Washington endemic plant, and relatives SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HACKELIA-VENUSTA BORAGINACEAE; PATTERNS; NUMBER AB Hackelia venusta, a rare plant endemic to Chelan County, Washington, consists of two entities that differ most notably by flower color and geographic location. We evaluated the hypothesis that these entities are separate species using a phenotypic analysis of isozyme variation to compare both forms of H. venusta with sympatric and allopatric populations of the closely related H. diffusa var. arida, and with the allopatric taxa H. diffusa var. cottonii and H. diffusa var. diffusa. Enzyme band phenotypes revealed that all populations were variable, with 60% to 80% polymorphic enzyme systems. Most variation was within population, with only 32% among population variation detected. The level of variation was moderate to high in H. venusta populations compared to other Hackelia populations. Enzyme band pattern data support the separation of H. venusta from H. diffusa. However, data do not provide evidence for the taxonomic separation of the two color forms of H. venusta at the species level. Regardless of the taxonomic recognition of H. venusta color forms, they should be conserved as rare extremes of Hackelia morphology and habitat preference. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Natl Forest Genet Electrophoresis Lab, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. Inst Appl Ecol, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Okanogan & Wenatchee Natl Forests, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Olymp Natl Forest, Olympia, WA 98512 USA. RP Hipkins, VD (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Natl Forest Genet Electrophoresis Lab, 2480 Carson Rd, Placerville, CA 95667 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 77 IS 2 BP 170 EP 177 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 678XT UT WOS:000182892500010 ER PT J AU Eisenstein, J Greenberg, A AF Eisenstein, J Greenberg, A TI Ghrelin: Update 2003 SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE ghrelin; peptide; hormone; energy regulation; obesity ID GROWTH-HORMONE SECRETAGOGUE; AGOUTI-RELATED PROTEIN; FOOD-INTAKE; INSULIN-SECRETION; ACYLATED PEPTIDE; SUPPRESS GHRELIN; OBESE HUMANS; RATS; STOMACH; APPETITE AB Ghrelin is a recently described peptide hormone that is secreted by endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Although its initial discovery was as a novel growth hormone secretagogue, it has been found to regulate feeding behavior by modulating expression levels of orexigenic peptides in the hypothalamus. Ghrelin has been implicated in the coordination of energy balance and weight regulation, and its dysregulation may be important in obesity. Ghrelin also has several other physiologic actions besides potential regulation of food intake that are described in this brief review. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Eisenstein, J (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Jean Mayer Human Nutr Res Ctr, Energy Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 36 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 61 IS 3 BP 101 EP 104 PG 4 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 738NR UT WOS:000186295200003 PM 12723642 ER PT J AU Allen, JA Krauss, KW Hauff, RD AF Allen, JA Krauss, KW Hauff, RD TI Factors limiting the intertidal distribution of the mangrove species Xylocarpus granatum SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE kosrae; Federated States of Micronesia; seed predation; salinity tolerance; flood tolerance ID AVICENNIA-MARINA; SEED PREDATION; DIFFERENTIAL PREDATION; PROPAGULE PREDATION; TIDAL FORESTS; SALINITY; AUSTRALIA; DOMINANCE; SURVIVAL; GROWTH AB The tree species Xylocarpus granatum is commonly described as occurring in the upper intertidal zone of mangrove forests, but mature trees are occasionally found at lower elevations. In the Utwe River basin, on the Pacific island of Kosrae, we investigated the relative importance of several biotic and abiotic factors that may control the intertidal distribution of X. granatum. Factors we evaluated included differential seed predation across the lower, mid, and upper intertidal zones and seedling responses to salinity, tidal flooding, and shade. Seed predation was 22.4% over the first 34 days and varied little among zones or in gaps versus under the forest canopy. By day 161, there were still no differences in seed mortality, but a significant difference was found in seedling establishment, with much greater establishment in the upper intertidal plots. X. granatum seedlings in a greenhouse experiment exhibited greater growth in freshwater than seedlings in 23 ppt salinity, which is typical of salinity levels found in the mid intertidal zone in our field study sites in Micronesia, where mature X. granatum trees are generally absent. Seedlings grown in 23 ppt salinity, however, exhibited few visible signs of stress associated with patterns in growth. Seedlings grown in a simulated tidal flooding treatment (with 23 ppt salinity) also showed few signs of stress. Growth declined dramatically under 80% shade cloths, but there were few interactions of shading with either 23 ppt salinity or simulated tidal flooding. Differential seed predation is not likely to be the primary factor responsible for the intertidal distribution of X. granatum on Kosrae. However, seedling tolerance of flooding or salinity may be more important, especially relative to a potential contribution to secondary stress mortality. Other factors may ultimately prove to be more critical, such as physiological effects of salinity on seed germination, effects of tides on seed dispersal and rooting, or differential herbivory on seedlings. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, 700 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RI Allen, James/K-9141-2013 OI Allen, James/0000-0001-6459-5734 NR 57 TC 35 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD MAR PY 2003 VL 135 IS 1 BP 110 EP 121 DI 10.1007/s00442-002-1167-2 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 672AB UT WOS:000182497200013 PM 12647110 ER PT J AU Fukushima, RS Hatfield, RD AF Fukushima, RS Hatfield, RD TI Phenolic composition of dioxane lignins as determined by nitrobenzene oxidative reaction SO PESQUISA AGROPECUARIA BRASILEIRA LA Portuguese DT Article DE cell walls; forage crops; cinnamic acid; ferulic acid ID ACETYL BROMIDE; ACID; STANDARD AB The correct quantification of lignin concentration in forages through the spectrophotometric method presumes the existence of a reference standard. This standard must have a phenolic composition similar to the cell wall lignin. The objective of this work was to verify if the lignins extracted with acidic dioxane solution to be used as reference standard would present the same variation in the phenolic composition as it occurs in the cell wall lignin. Bromegrass, corn and red clover cell wall samples were submitted to the method for extraction of lignins with an acidic dioxane solution. The phenolic composition of the extracted lignins was analyzed by alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation followed by HPLC separation. Extracted lignins confirmed that they have phenolic composition variation the same way as do intact lignins present in the cell wall and that grass lignins showed substantial presence of cinnamic acids. Concerning to phenolic composition lignins extracted by acidic dioxane may potentially be used as reference standards in the spectro photo metric analysis. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, BR-13630000 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Fukushima, RS (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Av Duque Caxias Norte 225, BR-13630000 Pirassununga, SP, Brazil. RI Fukushima, Romualdo/C-2821-2012 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU EMPRESA BRASIL PESQ AGROPEC PI BRASILIA PA EMBRAPA-SPI-PAB SAIN-PARQUE RURAL NORTE, CAIXA POSTAL 04 0315, 70770-901 BRASILIA, BRAZIL SN 0100-204X J9 PESQUI AGROPECU BRAS JI Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 38 IS 3 BP 373 EP 378 PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 666WY UT WOS:000182200500006 ER PT J AU Byrne, FJ Castle, S Prabhaker, N Toscano, NC AF Byrne, FJ Castle, S Prabhaker, N Toscano, NC TI Biochemical study of resistance to imidacloprid in B biotype Bemisia tabaci from Guatemala SO PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE resistance; imidacloprid; mixed-function oxidase; Bemisia tabaci; whitefly; biotype ID INSENSITIVE ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; BINDING-SITE; ALEYRODIDAE; HOMOPTERA; POPULATIONS; INSECTICIDES; METABOLITES; HEMIPTERA; RECEPTOR; EFFICACY AB Systemic uptake bioassays using excised cotton leaves confirmed resistance to imidacloprid in a Guatemalan population of the tobacco whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of naphthyl esterases identified the insects as B-types. Upon collection from the field, resistance was determined to be 58-fold relative to a susceptible strain originating in the Imperial Valley of California. Resistance levels increased to 126-fold in this population during its continuous exposure to systemically treated cotton. In biochemical investigations, there was no detectable NADPH-dependent mixed function oxidase metabolism of C-14-imidacloprid at any time during the selection process. In contrast, microsomal preparations from housefly abdomens readily produced significant amounts of the mono-hydroxy and olefin derivatives of the parent compound. Detoxification of imidacloprid by housefly MFOs may account for reports of lower toxicity of the insecticide towards this insect compared with whiteflies, despite similar binding properties between imidacloprid and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in both species. (C) 2003 Society of Chemical Industry. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Byrne, FJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 24 TC 56 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1526-498X J9 PEST MANAG SCI JI Pest Manag. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 59 IS 3 BP 347 EP 352 DI 10.1002/ps.649 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Entomology SC Agriculture; Entomology GA 652KH UT WOS:000181378000014 PM 12639053 ER PT J AU Schmelz, EA Alborn, HT Tumlinson, JH AF Schmelz, EA Alborn, HT Tumlinson, JH TI Synergistic interactions between volicitin, jasmonic acid and ethylene mediate insect-induced volatile emission in Zea mays SO PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM LA English DT Article ID MANDUCA-SEXTA LEPIDOPTERA; HOST NICOTIANA-ATTENUATA; DETACHED RICE LEAVES; ORAL SECRETIONS; PARASITIC WASPS; PLANT VOLATILES; MOLECULAR-INTERACTIONS; AERENCHYMA FORMATION; INDUCED EXPRESSION; BETA-GLUCOSIDASE AB Plants display differential responses following mechanical damage and insect herbivory. Both caterpillar attack and the application of caterpillar oral secretions (OS) to wounded leaves stimulates volatile emission above mechanical damage alone. Volicitin (N-17-hydroxylinolenoyl-L-glutamine), present in beet armyworm (BAW, Spodoptera exigua ) OS, is a powerful elicitor of volatiles in excised maize seedlings (Zea mays cv. Delprim). We consider some of the mechanistic differences between wounding and insect herbivory in maize by examining the activity of volicitin, changes in jasmonic acid (JA) levels, and volatile emission from both intact plant and excised leaf bioassays. Compared to mechanical damage alone, volicitin stimulated increases in both JA levels and sesquiterpene volatiles when applied to intact plants. In a bioassay comparison, excised leaves were more sensitive and produced far greater volatile responses than intact plants following applications of both volicitin and JA. In the excised leaf bioassay, volicitin applications (10-500 pmol) to wounded leaves resulted in dose dependent JA increases and a direct positive relationship between JA and sesquiterpene volatile emission. Interestingly, volicitin-induced JA levels did not differ between intact and excised bioassays, suggesting a possible interaction of JA with other regulatory signals in excised plants. In addition to JA, insect herbivory is known to stimulate the production of ethylene. Significant increases in ethylene were induced only by BAW herbivory and not by either wounding or volicitin treatments. Using intact plant bioassays, ethylene (at 1 mul l(-1) or less) greatly promoted volatile emission induced by volicitin and JA but not mechanical damage alone. For intact plants, wounding, elicitor-induced JA and insect-induced ethylene appear to be important interacting components in the stimulation of insect-induced volatile emission. C1 USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. ARS, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RP Schmelz, EA (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Med Agr & Vet Entomol, 1600 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011; Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 52 TC 94 Z9 109 U1 3 U2 16 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0031-9317 J9 PHYSIOL PLANTARUM JI Physiol. Plant. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 117 IS 3 BP 403 EP 412 DI 10.1034/j.1399-3054.2003.00054.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 650VN UT WOS:000181284200013 ER PT J AU Dorsch, JA Cook, A Young, KA Anderson, JM Bauman, AT Volkmann, CJ Murthy, PPN Raboy, V AF Dorsch, JA Cook, A Young, KA Anderson, JM Bauman, AT Volkmann, CJ Murthy, PPN Raboy, V TI Seed phosphorus and inositol phosphate phenotype of barley low phytic acid genotypes SO PHYTOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Hordeum vulgare; Zea mays; poaceae; barley; maize; seed phenotype; inositol phosphates; low phytic acid ID IMMATURE SOYBEAN SEEDS; MYOINOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE; GRAIN MUTANTS; METABOLISM; DICTYOSTELIUM; PHOSPHORYLATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; SYNTHASE AB myo-Inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate (Ins P-6 or "phytic acid") typically represents similar to75% of the total phosphorus and >80% of soluble myo-inositol (Ins) phosphates in seeds. The seed phosphorus and Ins phosphate phenotypes of four non-lethal barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) low phytic acid mutations are described. In seeds homozygous for M 635 and M 955 reductions in Ins P6, similar to75 and >90% respectively, are accompanied by reductions in other Ins phosphates and molar-equivalent increases in Pi. This phenotype suggests a block in supply of substrate Ins. In seeds homozygous for barley low phytic acid 1-1 (lpal-1), a 45% decrease in Ins P6 is mostly matched by an increase in Pi but also accompanied by small increases in Ins(1,2,3,4,6)P-5. In seeds homozygous for barley lpa2-1, reductions in seed Ins P-6 are accompanied by increases in both Pi and in several Ins phosphates, a phenotype that suggests a lesion in Ins phosphate metabolism, rather than Ins supply. The increased Ins phosphates in barley lpa2-1 seed are: Ins(1,2,3,4,6)P-5; Ins(1,2,4,6)P-4 and/or its enantiomer Ins(2,3,4,6)P-4; Ins(1,2,3,4)P-4 and/or its enantiomer Ins(1,2,3,6)P-4; Ins(1,2,6)P-3 and/or its enantiomer Ins(2,3,4)P3; Ins(1,5,6)P3 and/or its enantiomer Ins(3,4,5)P-3 (the methods used here cannot distinguish between enantiomers). This primarily "5-OH" series of Ins phosphates differs from the "1-/3-OH" series observed at elevated levels in seed of the maize lpa2 genotype, but previous chromosomal mapping data indicated that the maize and barley lpa2 loci might be orthologs of a single ancestral gene. Therefore one hypothesis that might explain the differing lpa2 phenotypes is that their common ancestral gene encodes a multi-functional, Ins phosphate kinase with both "1-/-3-" and "5-kinase" activities. A putative pyrophosphate-containing Ins phosphate, possibly an Ins P-7, was also observed in the mature seed of all barley genotypes except lpa2-1. Barley M 955 indicates that at least for this species, the ability to accumulate Ins P-6 can be nearly abolished while retaining at least short-term (similar to1.0 years) viability. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Purdue Univ, USDA ARS, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Chem, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Raboy, V (reprint author), USDA ARS, 1691 South 2700 West, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. NR 42 TC 104 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-9422 J9 PHYTOCHEMISTRY JI Phytochemistry PD MAR PY 2003 VL 62 IS 5 BP 691 EP 706 AR PII S0031-9422(02)00610-6 DI 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00610-6 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 647ZJ UT WOS:000181123700007 PM 12620321 ER PT J AU El Ghaouth, A Wilson, CL Wisniewski, M AF El Ghaouth, A Wilson, CL Wisniewski, M TI Control of postharvest decay of apple fruit with Candida saitoana and induction of defense responses SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antagonistic yeast; disease resistance; gray mold ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; DISEASE RESISTANCE; BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; CHITINASES; MODE AB The ability of Candida saitoana to induce systemic resistance in apple fruit against Botrytis cinerea was investigated. To separate the antagonistic activity of C saitoana from its ability to induce resistance, the antagonist and the pathogen were applied in spatially separated wounds. In fresh apples, C. saitoana applied 0 or 24 h before inoculation with B. cinerea showed no effect on lesion development caused by B. cinerea. When applied 48 to 72 h preinoculation with B. cinerea, however, C saitoana reduced lesion diameter by more than 50 and 70%, respectively, compared with wounding. C saitoana had no effect on lesion development on stored apples, regardless of the lag period between yeast treatment and inoculation with B. cinerea. In addition to inducing systemic resistance, C. saitoana increased chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase activities with a higher accumulation in fresh than in stored apples. In fresh apples, the onset of systemic resistance to B. cinerea coincided with the increase in chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase activity in systemically protected tissue. These studies show that C saitoana is capable of inducing systemic resistance in apple fruit and indirectly suggest that antifungal hydrolases are involved in the observed systemic protection. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Nouakchott, Fac Sci & Tech, Nouakchott, Mauritania. RP Wisniewski, M (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM mwisniew@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 76 Z9 81 U1 5 U2 19 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 2003 VL 93 IS 3 BP 344 EP 348 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.3.344 PG 5 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 649PL UT WOS:000181217100012 PM 18944345 ER PT J AU El Ghaouth, A Wilson, CL Callahan, AM AF El Ghaouth, A Wilson, CL Callahan, AM TI Induction of chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase in peach fruit by UV-C treatment SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antagonistic yeast; apple; Botrytis cinerea; gray mold ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; TOBACCO; LIGHT; RNAS; EXPRESSION; INFECTION; PATHOGENS; CULTURES AB Treatment of peach fruit with UV-C light caused a rapid induction of chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activities starting 6 h after treatment and reaching maximum levels at 96 h after treatment. By 96 h after UV-C treatment, chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase, and PAL activities in UV-C-treated fruit were over twofold above the levels observed for the control. In nontreated control fruit, no apparent increase in chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase activities was detected but a minor increase in PAL activity was seen. The transient increase in chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase, and PAL activities in UV-C-treated fruit was preceded by a gradual activation of the corresponding genes. UV-C-treated fruit showed an increase in accumulation of beta-1,3-glucanase and chitinase mRNAs at 3 h after treatment, which peaked approximately 96 h posttreatment. A similar induction kinetic pattern was observed for PAL mRNA in response to UV-C treatment, except the induction started 6 h after UV-C treatment. These results show that the response of peach fruit to elicitor treatment is similar to that seen in other plant-elicitors interactions and suggests the involvement of peach biochemical defense responses in UV-C-mediated disease resistance. C1 USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. Univ Nouakchott, Fac Sci & Tech, Nouakchott, Mauritania. RP Wilson, CL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. EM cwilson@afrs.ars.usda.gov NR 27 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD MAR PY 2003 VL 93 IS 3 BP 349 EP 355 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.3.349 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 649PL UT WOS:000181217100013 PM 18944346 ER PT J AU Burke, MK Chambers, J AF Burke, MK Chambers, J TI Root dynamics in bottomland hardwood forests of the Southeastern United States Coastal Plain SO PLANT AND SOIL LA English DT Article DE bottomland hardwood; flooding; oak; NPP; root dynamics; turnover ID SIMULATION APPROACH; IMAGINARY PROBLEM; SWAMP FOREST; FINE; ECOSYSTEMS; TURNOVER; OVERESTIMATION; ALLOCATION; PATTERNS; ERROR AB Effects of flooding on root dynamics appear nonlinear and therefore difficult to predict, leading to disparate and often contradictory reports of flooding impacts on production in bottomland hardwood forests. We explored root dynamics in two adjacent wetland habitats by comparing results obtained from several methods of estimating root processes. Also, we tested the influence of flooding on root dynamics of cherrybark, overcup, water and swamp chestnut oaks. Fine root biomass in the laurel oak habitat was greater (a < 0.05) than in the swamp tupelo habitat (5.7 vs. 2.4 Mg ha(-1)), as was fine root necromass (2.4 vs. 1.3 Mg ha(-1)), productivity (2.3 vs. 0.3 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) when the sum of significant increments method was used, 5.6 vs. 2.5 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1) when the maximum minus minimum method was used, and 1.2 vs. 1.0 Mg ha-1 yr-1, when the root screen method was used), and turnover (40% and 12% per year). Mortality estimates were lower in the laurel oak habitat (1.3 and 1.2 Mg ha(-1) yr(-1)) than in the swamp tupelo community (2.8 and 2.1 Mg ha-1 yr-1) when significant increment and maximum minus minimum methods were used, respectively. This apparent contradiction between estimates of production and mortality may be due to more rapid decomposition rates in the more aerated soil of the laurel oak than in the swamp tupelo forest type. Roots in the swamp tupelo habitat appeared to be longer-lived than in the laurel oak habitat. We concluded that there was greater investment in roots in the laurel oak habitat, where a shallow rooting zone and episodes of flooding and drought required drastic changes in root structure and physiology. In contrast, the swamp tupelo habitat had a deeper rooting zone and more consistently moist to flooded hydroperiod, allowing flood adapted roots to persist. The four oak species varied in their phenology of root production and response to flooding, from no difference among treatments for overcup oak to dramatic reductions in root growth during and after flooding for cherrybark oak. Flooding enhanced or at least did not negatively influence root growth in overcup oak, but seriously impacted root growth and survival of cherrybark oak and swamp chestnut oak. Different responses were attributed to the timing of root production: root growth began early for cherrybark oak so spring flooding severely affected this species. Growth in overcup oak began later and ended earlier than the other species tested, allowing the species a means of avoiding flood stress. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Sch Renewable Nat Resources, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Burke, MK (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, 2730 Savannah Highway, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. EM mburke@fs.fed.us NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-079X J9 PLANT SOIL JI Plant Soil PD MAR PY 2003 VL 250 IS 1 BP 141 EP 153 DI 10.1023/A:1022848303010 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 658XJ UT WOS:000181746100014 ER PT J AU Jacobs, KA Lee, LM Griffiths, HM Miller, FD Bottner, KD AF Jacobs, KA Lee, LM Griffiths, HM Miller, FD Bottner, KD TI A new member of the clover proliferation phytoplasma group (16SrVI) associated with elm yellows in Illinois SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE leafhopper vectors; phloem necrosis; shade tree disease ID NUCLEIC-ACID HYBRIDIZATION; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; GENETIC RELATEDNESS; ORGANISMS; VARIABILITY; SEQUENCES; PROTEIN AB A disease with symptoms similar to elm yellows (EY) was noticed in the early 1990s in suburban Chicago, IL. More than 1,000 mature American elms (Ulmus americana) have since died. Infected trees varied in the incidence and severity of canopy yellowing, leaf epinasty, butterscotch discoloration, and wintergreen odor of the phloem, but all developed a sparse and clumpy crown, uniformly necrotic phloem, and died within 2 years of showing canopy symptoms. Because symptoms were expressed irregularly and phytoplasma detection results by a commercial diagnostic company were inconsistent, a study was initiated to determine if EY phytoplasma was the causal agent. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods using universal or EY phytoplasma specific primers were employed to detect putative phytoplasma(s) associated with 10 trees of varied disease severity within the outbreak region and 10 asymptomatic trees from an uninfected area (controls). Nested PCR using universal primers revealed that 90% of trees from the outbreak region were positive for phytoplasma while asymptomatic elms from another location (controls) tested negative. Phytoplasma-positive trees ranged in disease severity from 1 (asymptomatic) to 5 (near death). Inner bark samples chiseled from the lower trunk had higher phytoplasma detection rates than foliage or drill shavings. RFLP analyses and DNA sequencing of 16S rDNA indicated that the phytoplasma recovered from dying elms in Arlington Heights is not related to the reference EY phytoplasma (group16SrV). It is most closely related to clover proliferation (CP) phytoplasma (group 16SrVI), and we have designated it Illinois Elm Yellows (ILEY) phytoplasma, and assigned it to a new taxonomic subgroup (16SrVI-C). EY phytoplasma was not detected in any samples, but two ILEY phytoplasma positive trees also were positive for aster yellows (AY) phytoplasma. ILEY phytoplasma was not detected in local leafhopper populations trapped in elm trees between May and September 2000. This is the first report of a phytoplasma related to CP phytoplasma causing elm yellows disease symptoms. C1 Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL 60532 USA. USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Joliet Jr Coll, Joliet, IL 60431 USA. USDA ARS, Mol Plant Pathol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Jacobs, KA (reprint author), Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL 60532 USA. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 87 IS 3 BP 241 EP 246 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.3.241 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 649CC UT WOS:000181188500005 ER PT J AU Prom, LK Isakeit, T AF Prom, LK Isakeit, T TI Laboratory, greenhouse, and field assessment of fourteen fungicides for activity against Claviceps africana, causal agent of sorghum ergot SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Claviceps species; Sorghum bicolor ID AUSTRALIA; AMERICA AB Commercial formulations of 14 fungicides representing seven chemical classes were assessed in vitro and in vivo for activity against Claviceps africana, causal agent of sorghum ergot. All fungicides markedly reduced spore germination in vitro on water agar, with effective concentration (EC)(50) values (based on active ingredient) that ranged from 0.01 mug ml(-1) for thiophanate-methyl and trifloxystrobin to 1.18 mug ml(-1) for cyprodinil. In vivo assays included applications of fungicide on full bloom panicles of a male-sterile line, ATx623, and then inoculating particles with a conidial suspension immediately after the fungicide had dried. In greenhouse trials and in the 2000 field evaluation, a single application of propiconazole, tebuconazole, triadimefon, myclobutanil, or azoxystrobin at a rate of 25 mug ml(-1) markedly suppressed ergot severity on ATx623. In the 2001 field evaluation, tebuconazole applied at 25 mug ml(-1) was most effective in reducing levels of ergot severity. Ergot control was greater when fungicides were applied at 25 mug ml(-1) than at 5 mug ml(-1). Generally, triazole and strobilurin classes of fungicide were more effective in controlling ergot than benzimidazole, anilinopyrimidine, ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (EBDC), pyridinamine, and organometallic classes. At the two fungicide rates used in this study, ergot severity increased between 7 and 10 days after inoculation. Results showed that in vitro fungicide screening by measuring spore germination inhibition was not a good predictor of performance in the field. Results from the field trials suggest that control, particularly under ergot-favorable environments, may require higher rates than used in this study. C1 USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Microbiol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Prom, LK (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 87 IS 3 BP 252 EP 258 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.3.252 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 649CC UT WOS:000181188500007 ER PT J AU Strik, B Martin, RR AF Strik, B Martin, RR TI Impact of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus on 'Marion' blackberry SO PLANT DISEASE LA English DT Article AB Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV), genus Idaeovirus, was first observed in 1997 in a planting of 'Marion' blackberry (a complex hybrid with Rubus idaeus, R. procerus, and R. ursinus in its background) established at the North Willamette Research and Extension Center (Aurora, OR) from tissue-cultured plants in 1993. RBDV was detected in 128 of the 280 plants. The incidence of RBDV in this planting did not increase from 1997 through 2001. In 1999 and 2000, we evaluated the impact of RBDV on yield, fruit quality, and plant growth of 'Marion' blackberry. RBDV had no effect on cane growth or fruit number, but it reduced yield (40 to 50%), fruit weight (23 to 40%), and drupelet number per fruit (36 to 39%) compared with uninfected plants. In 2000, we surveyed 32 commercial 'Marion' fields for RBDV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The locations of sampled fields were selected to reflect the acreage distribution of 'Marion' blackberry production in Oregon. RBDV-infected plants were detected in three fields. C1 USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Hort, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Martin, RR (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hort Crops Res Lab, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 15 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0191-2917 J9 PLANT DIS JI PLANT DIS. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 87 IS 3 BP 294 EP 296 DI 10.1094/PDIS.2003.87.3.294 PG 3 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 649CC UT WOS:000181188500014 ER PT J AU Bilyeu, KD Laskey, JG Morris, RO AF Bilyeu, KD Laskey, JG Morris, RO TI Dynamics of expression and distribution of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase in developing maize kernels SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase; gene family; hormone metabolism; kernel; maize ID ZEA-MAYS; OXIDASE; PURIFICATION AB Maturing maize kernels are a rich source of cytokinins and cytokinin oxidase/ dehydrogenase activity, but the relationship between kernel development, cytokinin levels, the induction of cytokinin oxidase/ dehydrogenase and the control of cell division is not known. Using polyclonal antibodies raised against recombinant maize cytokinin oxidase/ dehydrogenase, we investigated the appearance of cytokinin oxidase/ dehydrogenase ( ZmCKX1) in both hybrid and inbred maize kernels as a function of time after pollination. Cytokinin oxidase/ dehydrogenase was detected by five days after pollination ( 5 DAP) in a hybrid line, but significantly later in inbred lines. The bulk of the cytokinin oxidase/ dehydrogenase detected was associated with the embryo and placental/ chalazal region of the kernels rather than with the endosperm. We identified additional maize sequences in the database that appear to encode cytokinin oxidase/ dehydrogenase gene family members and correspond closely with a subset of the ten cytokinin oxidase/ dehydrogenase genes identified in the rice genome. Gene expression of Zmckx1 was examined by RT- PCR in immature kernels and compared with that of three putative maize cytokinin oxidase/ dehydrogenase homologs. We conclude that the manipulation of kernel cytokinin levels to increase endosperm cell division will require a more detailed understanding of specific expression patterns and localization of multiple cytokinin oxidase/ dehydrogenases within kernels. C1 Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Biochem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Bilyeu, KD (reprint author), Univ Missouri, USDA ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, 210 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM bilyeuk@missouri.edu NR 14 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 39 IS 3 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.1023/A:1022808711970 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 658WL UT WOS:000181743900001 ER PT J AU Cordoba, E Shishkova, S Vance, CP Hernandez, G AF Cordoba, E Shishkova, S Vance, CP Hernandez, G TI Antisense inhibition of NADH glutamate synthase impairs carbon/nitrogen assimilation in nodules of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) SO PLANT JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE NADH-glutamate synthase; antisense transgenic alfalfa; S. meliloti-alfalfa symbiosis; C/N metabolism in nodules; symbiotic N fixation ID AMINO-ACID-METABOLISM; ROOT-NODULES; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE; NITROGEN-FIXATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; LEGUME NODULES; AMMONIA ASSIMILATION; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; SUCROSE SYNTHASE; N-2 FIXATION AB Legumes acquire significant amounts of nitrogen for growth from symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The glutamine synthetase (GS)/NADH-dependent glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT) cycle catalyzes initial nitrogen assimilation. This report describes the impact of specifically reducing nodule NADH-GOGAT activity on symbiotic performance of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Four independent transgenic alfalfa lines, designated GA89, GA87, GA88, and GA82 (for GOGAT antisense), containing an antisense NADH-GOGAT cDNA fragment under the control of the soybean leghemoglobin (lbc3) promoter were evaluated. The GA plants were fertile and showed normal growth in non-symbiotic conditions. The NADH-GOGAT antisense transgene was heritable and the T(1) plants showed phenotypic alterations - similar to primary transformants. Clonally propagated plants were inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti after rooting and the symbiotic phenotype was analyzed 21 days post-inoculation. Nodules of each GA line had reduced NADH-GOGAT activity, ranging from 33 to 87% of control plants, that was accompanied by comparable decreases in RNA and protein. Plants from the GA89 line, with the lowest NADH-GOGAT activity (c. 30%), presented a strikingly altered symbiotic phenotype: concomitantly activities of key enzyme for carbon and nitrogen assimilation decreased; nodule amino acids and amides were reduced while sucrose accumulated. Antisense GOGAT plants were chlorotic, reduced in fresh weight, and had a lower N content than control plants. Photosynthesis was also impaired in antisense plants. Specifically, reducing NADH-GOGAT in nodules resulted in plants having impaired nitrogen assimilation and altered carbon/nitrogen metabolic flux. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Fijac Nitrogeno, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Hernandez, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Fijac Nitrogeno, Ap Postal 565-A, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. EM gina@cifn.unam.mx RI Shishkova, Svetlana/A-1241-2015 OI Shishkova, Svetlana/0000-0003-0530-6239 NR 59 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0960-7412 J9 PLANT J JI Plant J. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1037 EP 1049 DI 10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01686.x PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 654PK UT WOS:000181505100008 PM 12631328 ER PT J AU Hoffman, D Hang, A Larson, S Jones, B AF Hoffman, D Hang, A Larson, S Jones, B TI Conversion of an RAPD marker to an STS marker for barley variety identification SO PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER LA English DT Article DE barley; RAPD marker conversion; SNP ID POLYACRYLAMIDE-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; ARBITRARY PRIMERS; CULTIVARS; PCR; HORDEUM AB Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) variety identification is important to the malting and brewing industries. Because many new malting cultivars (varieties) are closely related, new and more effective identification techniques are needed. We report on a series of techniques used to convert an RAPD marker to a more stable STS marker that can identify barley Stander from Robust, an important distinction for the American malting and brewing industries. The techniques included DNA extraction, RAPD amplification, random cloning of all amplified fragments, selection of clones by insert size, DNA sequencing of select inserts. design of a barley-based primer pair, and detection of a single nucleotide polymorphism using restriction endonuclease Alu I. The barley-based primer pair was used to further sequence the RAPD fragment. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms between Robust and Stander exist, one of which was detected by electrophoresing DNA fragments differentially restricted by Alu I. The conversion technique was different from ones previously reported in that it did not require manual extraction of DNA fragments from a gel. This could be applied to other situations in which RAPD marker conversion would be desirable. C1 ARS, USDA, Small Grain & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. ARS, USDA, Forage & Range Res Lab, Logan, UT USA. ARS, USDA, Cereal Crops Res Unit, Barley & Malt Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP Hoffman, D (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Small Grain & Potato Germplasm Res Unit, 1691 S,2700 W, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. OI Larson, Steve/0000-0003-2742-2134 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PI ATHENS PA UNIV GEORGIA, DEPT BIOCHEMISTRY, ATHENS, GA 30602 USA SN 0735-9640 J9 PLANT MOL BIOL REP JI Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 21 IS 1 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.1007/BF02773400 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Plant Sciences SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Plant Sciences GA 679CQ UT WOS:000182886100009 ER PT J AU Graham, PH Vance, CP AF Graham, PH Vance, CP TI Legumes: Importance and constraints to greater use SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN-FIXATION; PHASEOLUS-VULGARIS L.; SOYBEAN PRODUCTS; PHOSPHORUS; RHIZOBIUM; ACID; PERSPECTIVE; AGRICULTURE; TOLERANCE; GRASSLAND C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Graham, PH (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM pgraham@soils.umn.edu NR 85 TC 449 Z9 478 U1 12 U2 134 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 131 IS 3 BP 872 EP 877 DI 10.1104/pp.017004 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 717FM UT WOS:000185076100004 PM 12644639 ER PT J AU Wang, TL Domoney, C Hedley, CL Casey, R Grusak, MA AF Wang, TL Domoney, C Hedley, CL Casey, R Grusak, MA TI Can we improve the nutritional quality of legume seeds? SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PISUM-SATIVUM L.; RAFFINOSE FAMILY; OLIGOSACCHARIDE PATHWAY; GALACTOSYL CYCLITOLS; PEA-SEEDS; INHIBITOR; RECOMBINANT; PROTEINS; PLANTS; STARCH C1 John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. ARS, USDA, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Wang, TL (reprint author), John Innes Ctr Plant Sci Res, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7UH, Norfolk, England. NR 42 TC 91 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 131 IS 3 BP 886 EP 891 DI 10.1104/pp.102.017665 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 717FM UT WOS:000185076100006 PM 12644641 ER PT J AU Somers, DA Samac, DA Olhoft, PM AF Somers, DA Samac, DA Olhoft, PM TI Recent advances in legume transformation SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION; SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; ARACHIS-HYPOGAEA L.; COTYLEDONARY-NODE CELLS; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; LOTUS-JAPONICUS; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; EFFICIENT TRANSFORMATION; PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, USDA ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Somers, DA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 65 TC 134 Z9 170 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 131 IS 3 BP 892 EP 899 DI 10.1104/pp.102.017681 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 717FM UT WOS:000185076100007 PM 12644642 ER PT J AU Soulages, JL Kim, K Arrese, EL Walters, C Cushman, JC AF Soulages, JL Kim, K Arrese, EL Walters, C Cushman, JC TI Conformation of a group 2 late embryogenesis abundant protein from soybean. Evidence of poly (L-proline)-type II structure SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEHYDRIN MULTIGENE FAMILY; LIPID-BINDING ACTIVITY; PISUM-SATIVUM EMBRYOS; FREEZING-TOLERANCE; CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CHILLING TOLERANCE; LEA PROTEINS; DESICCATION TOLERANCE; SECONDARY STRUCTURE AB Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are members of a large group of hydrophilic, glycine-rich proteins found in plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria known collectively as hydrophilins that are preferentially expressed in response to dehydration or hyperosmotic stress. Group 2 LEA (dehydrins or responsive to abscisic acid) proteins are postulated to stabilize macromolecules against damage by freezing, dehydration, ionic, or osmotic stress. However, the structural and physicochemical properties of group 2 LEA proteins that account for such functions remain unknown. We have analyzed the structural properties of a recombinant form of a soybean (Glycine max) group 2 LEA (rGmDHN1). Differential scanning calorimetry of purified rGmDHN1 demonstrated that the protein does not display a cooperative unfolding transition upon heating. Ultraviolet absorption and circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that the protein is in a largely hydrated and unstructured conformation in solution. However, ultraviolet absorption and circular dichroism measurements collected at different temperatures showed that the protein exists in equilibrium between two extended conformational states: unordered and left-handed extended helical or poly (L-proline)-type II structures. It is estimated that 27% of the residues of rGmDHN1 adopt or poly (L-proline)-type II-like helical conformation at 12degreesC. The content of extended helix gradually decreases to 15% as the temperature is increased to 80degreesC. Studies of the conformation of the protein in solution in the presence of liposomes, trifluoroethanol, and sodium dodecyl sulfate indicated that rGmDHN1 has a very low intrinsic ability to adopt alpha-helical structure and to interact with phospholipid bilayers through amphipathic alpha-helices. The ability of the protein to remain in a highly extended conformation at low temperatures could constitute the basis of the functional role of GmDHN1 in the prevention of freezing, desiccation, ionic, or osmotic stress-related damage to macromolecular structures. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Biochem, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Noble Res Ctr 355, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. ARS, Natl Ctr Germplasm Resources Preservat, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Cushman, JC (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Biochem, MS200,311B Fleischmann Agr, Reno, NV 89557 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM55622, R01 GM055622, R29 GM055622] NR 78 TC 84 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 131 IS 3 BP 963 EP 975 DI 10.1104/pp.015891 PG 13 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 717FM UT WOS:000185076100014 PM 12644649 ER PT J AU Uhde-Stone, C Zinn, KE Ramirez-Yanez, M Li, AG Vance, CP Allan, DL AF Uhde-Stone, C Zinn, KE Ramirez-Yanez, M Li, AG Vance, CP Allan, DL TI Nylon filter arrays reveal differential gene expression in proteoid roots of white lupin in response to phosphorus deficiency SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PYROPHOSPHATE-DEPENDENT PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE; STARVATION-INDUCED RIBONUCLEASE; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM CELLS; NIGRA SUSPENSION CELLS; ORGANIC-ACID EXUDATION; PHOSPHATE-STARVATION; MEDICAGO-TRUNCATULA; ALBUS L; IRON-DEFICIENCY; FORMATE DEHYDROGENASE AB White lupin (Lupinus albus) adapts to phosphorus deficiency (-P) by the development of short, densely clustered lateral roots called proteoid (or cluster) roots. In an effort to better understand the molecular events mediating these adaptive responses, we have isolated and sequenced 2,102 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from cDNA libraries prepared with RNA isolated at different stages of proteoid root development. Determination of overlapping regions revealed 322 contigs (redundant copy transcripts) and 1,126 singletons (single-copy transcripts) that compile to a total of 1,448 unique genes (unigenes). Nylon filter arrays with these 2,102 ESTs from proteoid roots were performed to evaluate global aspects of gene expression in response to -P stress. ESTs differentially expressed in P-deficient proteoid roots compared with +P and -P normal roots include genes involved in carbon metabolism, secondary metabolism, P scavenging and remobilization, plant hormone metabolism, and signal transduction. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Sobre Fijac Nitrogeno, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico. ARS, USDA, Plant Sci Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Allan, DL (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. NR 83 TC 111 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 131 IS 3 BP 1064 EP 1079 DI 10.1104/pp.102.016881 PG 16 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 717FM UT WOS:000185076100024 PM 12644659 ER PT J AU Bago, B Pfeffer, PE Abubaker, J Jun, J Allen, JW Brouillette, J Douds, DD Lammers, PJ Shachar-Hill, Y AF Bago, B Pfeffer, PE Abubaker, J Jun, J Allen, JW Brouillette, J Douds, DD Lammers, PJ Shachar-Hill, Y TI Carbon export from arbuscular mycorrhizal roots involves the translocation of carbohydrate as well as lipid SO PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLYCOGEN-BRANCHING ENZYME; GIGASPORA-MARGARITA BECKER; FUNGUS GLOMUS INTRARADICES; POLYGLUCOSAN BODY DISEASE; INVIVO C-13 NMR; GERMINATED SPORES; METABOLISM; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; TREHALOSE AB Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi take up photosynthetically fixed carbon from plant roots and translocate it to their external mycelium. Previous experiments have shown that fungal lipid synthesized from carbohydrate in the root is one form of exported carbon. In this study, an analysis of the labeling in storage and structural carbohydrates after C-13(1) glucose was provided to AM roots shows that this is not the only pathway for the flow of carbon from the intraradical to the extraradical mycelium (ERM). Labeling patterns in glycogen, chitin, and trehalose during the development of the symbiosis are consistent with a significant flux of exported glycogen. The identification, among expressed genes, of putative sequences for glycogen synthase, glycogen branching enzyme, chitin synthase, and for the first enzyme in chitin synthesis (glutamine fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase) is reported. The results of quantifying glycogen synthase gene expression within mycorrhizal roots, germinating spores, and ERM are consistent with labeling observations using C-13-labeled acetate and glycerol, both of which indicate that glycogen is synthesized by the fungus in germinating spores and during symbiosis. Implications of the labeling analyses and gene sequences for the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism are discussed, and a 4-fold role for glycogen in the AM symbiosis is proposed: sequestration of hexose taken from the host, long-term storage in spores, translocation from intraradical mycelium to ERM, and buffering of intracellular hexose levels throughout the life cycle. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Plant Biol, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Shachar-Hill, Y (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RI Shachar-Hill, Yair/B-6165-2013; Bago, Alberto/H-9683-2015 OI Shachar-Hill, Yair/0000-0001-8793-5084; NR 34 TC 93 Z9 106 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS PI ROCKVILLE PA 15501 MONONA DRIVE, ROCKVILLE, MD 20855 USA SN 0032-0889 J9 PLANT PHYSIOL JI Plant Physiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 131 IS 3 BP 1496 EP 1507 DI 10.1104/pp.102.007765 PG 12 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 717FM UT WOS:000185076100065 PM 12644699 ER PT J AU Salvucci, ME van de Loo, FJ Stecher, D AF Salvucci, ME van de Loo, FJ Stecher, D TI Two isoforms of Rubisco activase in cotton, the products of separate genes not alternative splicing SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE activase; alternative splicing; Gossypium; heat stress; photosynthesis; Rubisco ID CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE ACTIVASE; RIBULOSE 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE/OXYGENASE; HEAT-STRESS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; SPINACH; ARABIDOPSIS; SENSITIVITY AB In several plant species, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activase consists of two isoforms that are produced by alternative splicing of a pre-mRNA. Two forms of activase corresponding to the longer, redox-regulated 7 and the shorter, beta forms were detected immunologically in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves, but their N-termini differed in 4 of 14 residues. The cDNAs for the alpha and beta forms of cotton activase diverged throughout the translated and 3'-untranslated regions, including variations that accounted for the differences in N-terminal amino acid sequence. Analysis of genomic DNA confirmed that separate genes encoded the alpha and beta forms of cotton activase. Separate activase genes were also detected in diploid species of cotton containing the different progenitor genomes of the cultivated allotetraploid, indicating that the occurrence of separate alpha- and beta-form genes in cotton predates the merger of the diploid genomes. The deduced amino acid sequences of the two forms of cotton activase exhibited 84% identity and both forms were active after expression in Escherichia coli. The recombinant alpha and beta forms exhibited similar affinities for ATP and only minor differences in thermotolerance, but their ATPase specific activities differed. The results show for the first time a plant species with two forms of activase that are structurally and functionally equivalent to the alternatively spliced alpha and beta forms in other plants, but that are encoded by separate genes. That cotton still expresses both forms of activase, even without alternative splicing, suggests that each form has a required function in photosynthesis. C1 USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. RP Salvucci, ME (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Cotton Res Lab, 4135 E Broadway Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85040 USA. NR 43 TC 46 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD MAR PY 2003 VL 216 IS 5 BP 736 EP 744 DI 10.1007/s00425-002-0923-1 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 664YW UT WOS:000182093700002 PM 12624760 ER PT J AU Shogren, RL Doane, WM Garlotta, D Lawton, JW Willett, JL AF Shogren, RL Doane, WM Garlotta, D Lawton, JW Willett, JL TI Biodegradation of starch/polylactic acid/poly(hydroxyester-ether) composite bars in soil SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY LA English DT Article DE starch; poly(lactic acid); epoxy; biodegradable ID POLY(HYDROXY ESTER ETHER); POLY(LACTIC ACID); DEGRADATION; POLYLACTIDE; TEMPERATURE; POLYMER; STARCH; BLENDS AB Injection molded tensile bars composed of native corn starch (0-70%), poly(D,L-lactic acid) (95% L) (PLA, 13-100%) and poly(hydroxyester-ether) (PHEE, 0-27%) were buried in soil for I year in order to study the effects of starch and PHEE on rates of biodegradation. Rates of weight loss increased in the order pure PLA (similar to0%/year) < starch/PLA (0-15%/year) < starch/PHEE/PLA (4-50%/year) and increased with increasing starch and PHEE contents. Weight losses were due to starch only with the degradation proceeding from outside to inside along a narrow zone. Tensile strength did not change with time for pure PLA and, after an initial decline, did not change much for the other compositions. Some formulations containing PHEE and lower (40%) starch levels had higher tensile strengths after initial exposure to soil than those without PHEE. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Biotechnol Res & Dev Corp, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Shogren, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Plant Polymer Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 28 TC 103 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-3910 J9 POLYM DEGRAD STABIL JI Polym. Degrad. Stabil. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 79 IS 3 BP 405 EP 411 AR PII S0141-3910(02)00356-7 DI 10.1016/S0141-3910(02)00356-7 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 643AJ UT WOS:000180839500004 ER PT J AU Leverentz, B Conway, WS Janisiewicz, WJ Saftner, RA Camp, MJ AF Leverentz, B Conway, WS Janisiewicz, WJ Saftner, RA Camp, MJ TI Effect of combining MCP treatment, heat treatment, and biocontrol on the reduction of postharvest decay of 'Golden Delicious' apples SO POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological control; microbes; competition; integrated pest management ID BLUE MOLD; BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL; GRAY MOLD; PSEUDOMONAS-SYRINGAE; TOMATO FRUIT; CANDIDA SAKE; ETHYLENE; 1-METHYLCYCLOPROPENE; CALCIUM; QUALITY AB 'Golden Delicious' apples were treated with 1-methyleyclopropene (MCP) or kept at room temperature for the duration of the MCP treatment. After the MCP treatment, they were wounded and inoculated with the pathogen Penicillium expansum or with P. eypansum and a heat tolerant yeast (antagonist). After incubation at room temperature for up to 48 h, the apples were treated with heat at 38 degreesC for 4 days, and/or moved to cold storage for up to 5 months. Heat had an eradicative effect, when the pathogen was allowed to incubate in the apple wounds for 6 or 12 h after inoculation, resulting in less decay than at any other incubation time. The highest decay incidence occurred on the control that was inoculated with the pathogen and placed in cold storage. The least decay incidence and the smallest lesion diameter occurred on apples treated with a combination of the antagonist plus heat or heat alone. In general, MCP-treated apples had a higher lesion incidence, but similar lesion severity compared with non-MCP-treated apples. Only in the combination treatment of heat plus the antagonist, when the incubation time of the pathogen was between 6 and 24 h, was the lesion diameter slightly larger on MCP-treated fruit than on fruit not treated with MCP. This difference between the MCP-treated apples and non-MCP-treated apples decreased during storage. Antagonist populations in the apple wounds were stable or increased for all treatments. They were higher on MCP-treated apples than on non-MCP-treated apples and they increased with increasing incubation periods at room temperature after inoculation. Antagonist populations on apples heat treated after inoculation were higher than those kept at room temperature immediately after the heat treatment and after 3 months storage. The heat treatment had an eradicative effect, whereas the antagonist had a protective effect. The combination of heat and antagonist was more effective than either treatment alone, even when there was a delay of the heat treatment for up to 24 h. The combination of these two control measures, therefore, was complementary and resulted in better decay control than either treatment alone. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA ARS, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. USDA ARS, Biometr Consulting Serv, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Leverentz, B (reprint author), USDA ARS, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Henry A Wallace Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, BARC W, Bldg 002,Rm 117,10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 40 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5214 J9 POSTHARVEST BIOL TEC JI Postharvest Biol. Technol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 27 IS 3 BP 221 EP 233 AR PII S0925-5214(02)00097-2 DI 10.1016/S0925-5214(02)00097-2 PG 13 WC Agronomy; Food Science & Technology; Horticulture SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 648AH UT WOS:000181125900001 ER PT J AU Li, H Deeb, N Zhou, H Mitchell, AD Ashwell, CM Lamont, SJ AF Li, H Deeb, N Zhou, H Mitchell, AD Ashwell, CM Lamont, SJ TI Chicken quantitative trait loci for growth and body composition associated with transforming growth factor-beta genes SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE transforming growth factor-beta; gene; growth; body composition; chicken ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; TIBIAL DYSCHONDROPLASIA; TGF-BETA; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; MESSENGER-RNAS; EXPRESSION; DIFFERENTIATION; BROILERS; SELECTION AB Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) belongs to a large family of multifunctional growth factors that regulate a broad spectrum of biological activities involved in morphogenesis, development, and differentiation. The current study was designed to investigate the effects of TGF-beta genes on chicken growth and body composition traits. The Iowa Growth and Composition Resource Population was established by crossing broiler sires with dams from two unrelated highly inbred lines (Leghorn and Fayoumi). The F-1 birds were intercrossed, within dam line, to produce two related F-2 populations. Body weight and body composition traits were measured in the F-2 population. Primers for TGF-beta2, TGF-beta3, and TGF-beta4 were designed from database chicken sequence. Polymorphisms between. parental lines were detected by DNA sequencing, and PCR-RFLP methods were then developed to screen the F-2 population. The TGF-beta2 polymorphisms between broiler and Leghorn and the TGF-beta4 polymorphism between broiler and Fayoumi were associated with traits of skeletal integrity, such as tibia length, bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and the percentage of each measure to BW. The TGF-beta3 polymorphism between broilers and Leghorns was associated with traits of growth and body composition, such as BW, average daily gains weight of breast muscle, abdominal fat pad and spleen, as well as the percentage of these organ weights to BW, and the percentage of shank weight and length to BW. The current research supports the broad effects of TGF-beta3 genes on growth and development of chickens. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA, ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lamont, SJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM sjlamont@iastate.edu NR 53 TC 52 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 5 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 82 IS 3 BP 347 EP 356 PG 10 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 659BP UT WOS:000181757400001 PM 12705392 ER PT J AU Morris, MS Fava, M Jacques, PF Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH AF Morris, MS Fava, M Jacques, PF Selhub, J Rosenberg, IH TI Depression and folate status in the US population SO PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS LA English DT Article DE affect; depression; dysthymicdisorder; folic acid; survey ID TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; VITAMIN-B-12; HEALTH; NUTRITION; DISORDERS; ACID; METHYLATION; PLASMA AB Background. Folate deficiency and low folate status have been linked in clinic studies to depression, persistent depressive symptoms, and poor antidepressant response. These relationships have not been demonstrated in general populations. This study examined associations between depression and folate status indicators in an ethnically diverse general US population sample aged 15-39 years. Methods: Healthy, subjects whose red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations had been measured were determined to have no depression (n = 2,526), major depression (n = 301), or dysthymia (n = 121) using a diagnostic interview schedule. Serum concentrations of folate and total homocysteine (tHcy) were also measured. Results: After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, serum vitamin B-12 concentration, alcohol consumption over the past year and current status as to overweight and use of vitamin/mineral supplements, cigarettes and illegal drugs, subjects who met criteria for a lifetime diagnosis of major depression had folate concentrations in serum and RBCs that were lower than those of subjects who had never been depressed. Subjects who met criteria for dysthymia alone had lower RBC folate concentrations than never-depressed subjects, but the serum folate concentrations of the two groups were comparable. Serum tHcy concentration was not related to lifetime depression diagnoses. Low folate status was found to be most characteristic of recently recovered subjects, and a large proportion of such subjects were folate deficient. Conclusions: Low folate status was detectable in depressed members of the general US population. Folate supplementation may be indicated during the year following a depressive episode. Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, JM, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Morris, MS (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, JM, HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 28 TC 110 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 5 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-3190 J9 PSYCHOTHER PSYCHOSOM JI Psychother. Psychosom. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 72 IS 2 BP 80 EP 87 DI 10.1159/000068692 PG 8 WC Psychiatry; Psychology SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 654GU UT WOS:000181487500004 PM 12601225 ER PT J AU Wrobleski, DW Kauffman, JB AF Wrobleski, DW Kauffman, JB TI Initial effects of prescribed fire on morphology, abundance, and phenology of forbs in big sagebrush communities in southeastern Oregon SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Antennaria dimorpha; Astragalus malachus; Astragalus purshii; Centrocercus urophasianus; Crepis modocensis; fire-enhanced flowering; Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge; Lomatium canbyi; Lomatium nevadense; Lomatium watsonii; morphology; phenology; Phlox gracilis; Phlox longifolia; prescribed fire; restoration; Sage Grouse; sagebrush ID SAGE GROUSE CHICKS AB Historic fire return intervals in Artemesia tridentata (big sagebrush) ecosystems have been altered by livestock grazing, fire suppression, and other land management techniques resulting in ecological changes in these areas. Increases in abundance of woody vegetation may be causing declines in native herbaceous understory species. We examined the effects of prescribed fire on the morphology, abundance, and phenology of nine abundant forb (herbaceous dicot) species used selectively by Centrocercus urophasianus (Sage Grouse). In September 1997 prescribed fire was applied to four of eight randomly assigned 400-ha A.t. wyomingensis (Wyoming big sagebrush) study plots at Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge, Oregon. Livestock had not grazed experimental plots since 1991. Burning caused morphological changes such as significantly greater numbers of racemes and flowers per raceme in Astragalus malachus (shaggy milkvetch-Legumoideae) (9 in burn vs. 6 in control; 23 in burn vs. 21 in control, respectively). Also, prescribed burning caused greater numbers of flowers in Phlox gracilis (microsteris-Polemoniaceae) (57 vs. 13), greater numbers of umbels and umbelletts in Lomatium nevadense (Nevada desert parsley-Umbellifereae) (4 vs. 2 and 59 vs. 31, respectively), greater numbers of flower heads in Crepis modocensis (Modoc hawksbeard-Compositae) (32 vs. 21), and greater number of flowers/cm(3) in Phlox longifolia (longleaf phlox-Polemoniaceae) (0.11 vs. 0.06). Crown volume of Crepis modocensis (7,085 vs. 4,179 cm(3) ) and Astragalus malachus (2,854 vs. 1,761 cm(3) ) plants was greater in burned plots than control plots. However, burning resulted in a smaller crown area of Antennaria dimorpha (low pussytoes-Compositae) (20 vs. 37 cm(2) ). Phenology and time of flowering were also affected by fire. The period of active growth for each species was extended later into the summer in burned plots (p<0.01). In addition, Crepis modocensis and Lomatium nevadense flowered 12 to 14 days earlier in burned plots. Fire had no effect on frequency, density, and relative abundance of seven of the nine studied species. Fire reduced the frequency and relative abundance of A. dimorpha and Phlox longifolia and reduced the density of A. dimorpha . C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Wrobleski, DW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, 409 Clayton St, Plains, MT 59859 USA. NR 37 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 29 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 11 IS 1 BP 82 EP 90 DI 10.1046/j.1526-100X.2003.00084.x PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 646VR UT WOS:000181056700010 ER PT J AU Sousa-Silva, CR Stoetzel, MB Ortiz, E AF Sousa-Silva, CR Stoetzel, MB Ortiz, E TI First report of Phylloxere notebilis (Hemiptera : Phylloxeridae), in the Neotropical Region SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Article C1 Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. USDA, ARS, Syst Entomol Lab, BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sousa-Silva, CR (reprint author), Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, CP 676, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 51 IS 1 BP 279 EP 279 PG 1 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 757DT UT WOS:000187534100044 ER PT J AU McCarlie, VW Hansen, LD Smith, BN Monsen, SB Ellingson, DJ AF McCarlie, VW Hansen, LD Smith, BN Monsen, SB Ellingson, DJ TI Anabolic rates measured by calorespirometry for eleven subpopulation of Bromus tectorum match temperature profiles of local microclimates SO RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Ecological Physiology of Plants: Problems and Possible Solutions in the XXI Century CY OCT, 2001 CL SYKTYVKAR, RUSSIA DE Bromus tectorum; adaptation; calorespirometry; metabolism; temperature ID SEED-GERMINATION REGULATION; POPULATIONS; POACEAE; BIOLOGY AB Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass) is a dominant weed that has increased the frequency of wildfire in western North America since being introduced about 120 years ago from Central Asia. Cheatgrass germinates in the fall, overwinters as young seedlings, grows rapidly in early spring, and completes the life cycle by early June. The dead grass then serves as fuel for wildfires. Cheatgrass seeds survive fire well while competing native perennials do not. Cheatgrass subpopulations have adapted to the thermal environments of different habitats in little more than a century. Calorespirometry was employed to study the effects of temperature (from 5 to 45degreesC) on growth rate, defined as net anabolic rate. Growth rate versus temperature curves tend to be bimodal for eleven subpopulations of cheatgrass. There are different growth rate responses to temperature among subpopulations, which appear to match the temperature profile of the native environment during the growth season and maximize growth. Both respiratory rates and efficiencies differ according to microclimate. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biochem & Chem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Bot & Range Sci, Provo, UT 84602 USA. US Forest Serv, Shrub Sci Lab, USDA, Provo, UT 84606 USA. RP McCarlie, VW (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Biochem & Chem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM bruce_smith@byu.edu NR 20 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1021-4437 J9 RUSS J PLANT PHYSL+ JI Russ. J. Plant Physiol. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 50 IS 2 BP 183 EP 191 DI 10.1023/A:1022917013029 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 661RR UT WOS:000181904000008 ER PT J AU Jones, RE Fly, JM Talley, J Cordell, HK AF Jones, RE Fly, JM Talley, J Cordell, HK TI Green migration into rural America: The new frontier of environmentalism? SO SOCIETY & NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Rural-Sociological-Society CY AUG 04-08, 1999 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Rural Sociol Soc DE environmentalism; greening of rural America; in-migration; rural population growth; scenic rural areas ID NONMETROPOLITAN MIGRATION; SOCIAL BASES; RESIDENTS; GROWTH; TRENDS AB This article proposes that shifts in rural population and economic growth patterns may help explain rising levels of support for environmental values in many rural areas. In particular, it assesses a model of green migration that assumes that domestic in-migration, with its impacts on the character and composition of rural communities, is one of the reasons environmental values may be gaining support in rural America. Results based on survey data obtained from two groups of rural residents of southern Appalachia lend support to the model. A majority of the in-migrants to the region came because of its environment, and protecting environmental values remained a high priority. In-migrants are a bit more knowledgeable about environmental issues, more concerned about the environment, place higher priority on environmental protection, and are more engaged in activities that promote environmental values than nonmigrants. Knowledge of the sociodemographic characteristics of both groups of rural residents is key to understanding how they differ on several indicators of environmentalism. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Sociol, Environm & Soc Program, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, SE Water Policy Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Fisheries & Wildlife, Human Dimens Res Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Sociol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Athens, GA USA. RP Jones, RE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Sociol, Environm & Soc Program, 901 McClung Tower, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 47 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0894-1920 J9 SOC NATUR RESOUR JI Soc. Nat. Resour. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 16 IS 3 BP 221 EP 238 DI 10.1080/08941920390178793 PG 18 WC Environmental Studies; Planning & Development; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public Administration; Sociology GA 640CF UT WOS:000180668500004 ER PT J AU Steenwerth, KL Jackson, LE Calderon, FJ Stromberg, MR Scow, KM AF Steenwerth, KL Jackson, LE Calderon, FJ Stromberg, MR Scow, KM TI Soil community composition and land use history in cultivated and grassland ecosystems of coastal California (vol 34, pg 1599, 2002) SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Correction DE microbial communities; land use history; grasslands; cultivation; PLFA ID FATTY-ACID PROFILES; SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION PATTERNS; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; ORGANIC-MATTER; AGGREGATE STABILITY; NITROGEN DYNAMICS; CARBON; MANAGEMENT; PLANT AB Phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid (PLFA) profiles were used to evaluate soil microbial community composition for 9 land use types in two coastal valleys in California. These included irrigated and non-irrigated agricultural sites, non-native annual grasslands and relict, never-tilled or old field perennial grasslands. All 42 sites were on loams or sandy loams of similar soil taxa derived from granitic and alluvial material. We hypothesized that land use history and its associated management inputs and practices may produce a unique soil environment, for which microbes with specific environmental requirements may be selected and supported. We investigated the relationship between soil physical and chemical characteristics, management factors, and vegetation type with microbial community composition. Higher values of total soil C, N, and microbial biomass (total PLFA) and lower values of soil pH occurred in the grassland than cultivated soils. The correspondence analysis (CA) of the PLFA profiles and the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of PLFA profiles, soil characteristics, and site and management factors showed distinct groupings for land use types. A given land use type could thus be identified by soil microbial community composition as well as similar soil characteristics and management factors. Differences in soil microbial community composition were highly associated with total PLFA, a measure of soil microbial biomass, suggesting that labile soil organic matter affects microbial composition. Management inputs, such as fertilizer, herbicide, and irrigation, also were associated with the distinctive microbial community composition of the different cultivated land use types. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vegetable Crops, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, ANRI, Anim Manure & By Prod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Hastings Nat Hist Reservat, Carmel Valley, CA 93924 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Steenwerth, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Vegetable Crops, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM klsteenwerth@ucdavis.edu RI Jackson, Louise/A-3562-2010 NR 73 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 35 IS 3 BP 487 EP + DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(03)00027-0 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 659TD UT WOS:000181792800018 ER PT J AU Norfleet, ML Ditzler, CA Puckett, WE Grossman, RB Shaw, JN AF Norfleet, ML Ditzler, CA Puckett, WE Grossman, RB Shaw, JN TI Soil quality and its relationship to pedology SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE soil quality; pedology; surface properties; dynamic properties; soil management; soil assessment AB Soil quality and pedology are similar in their melding of concepts and disciplines and their reliance on the model of soil formation described by jenny in 1980. They differ in spatial and temporal scales and in the organisms concerned. In this regard, soil quality can be considered part of the science of pedology. Significant differences in selected near-surface soil properties and subsequent interpretations as influenced by land use are illustrative of the need to collect data reflecting use-dependent or dynamic soil properties. Inherent or use-invariant properties dictate the limits to which dynamic properties range. As pedologists begin to explore these relationships, a dynamic soil properties database should be developed as a companion to the database of use-invariant properties used currently for classification, mapping, and interpretation. C1 USDA, NRC, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Norfleet, ML (reprint author), USDA, NRC, 411 So Donahue Dr, Auburn, AL 36832 USA. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 168 IS 3 BP 149 EP 155 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000058887.60072.07 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 655RF UT WOS:000181565900001 ER PT J AU Skukla, MK Lal, R Owens, LB Urikefer, P AF Skukla, MK Lal, R Owens, LB Urikefer, P TI Land use and management impacts on structure and infiltration characteristics of soils in the North Appalachian region of Ohio SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE land use and soil management; infiltration; soil bulk density; aggregation; water transmission parameters; soil texture; soil structure; landscape position ID LONG-TERM TILLAGE; ORGANIC-MATTER; NO-TILL; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; WATER INFILTRATION; EARTHWORM; NITROGEN; POROSITY; MANURE AB Effects of land use and management treatments on soil mechanical and hydrological properties were assessed by analysis of balk and core soil samples and water infiltration measurements in the field, using double ring infiltrometers in five plots located at the experimental farm of the North Appalachian Experimental Watersheds (NAEW) near Coshocton, Ohio. The five treatments were no-till without manure (NTWM), no-till with manure (NTM), no-till corn (Zee mays)-soybean (Glycine max) rotation (NTCSR), conventional tillage (CT), and meadow (M). Treatments significantly influenced water infiltration characteristics, soil bulk density (rho(b)), aggregation, and mean weight diameter (MWD). The maximum cumulative infiltration after 3 h (I) of 109.3 +/- 29.0 cm (average of 9 measurements at 3 landscape positions) was measured for the NTM treatment and the lowest of 27.7 +/- 21.0 cm (average of 3 measurements at shoulder slope or S) for the CT treatment. The infiltration rate at 5 min (i(5)), steady state infiltration rate after 3 h (i(c)) and field capacity water content 24 h after the infiltration (FC) were higher in NTM (1.5 cm min(-1), 0.4 cm min(-1), and 0.35 gg(-1), respectively) than other treatments. The least values of i(5), i(c) and FC (0.4 cm min(-1), 0.18 cm min(-1), and 0.22 gg(-1), respectively) were observed for the CT treatment. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (K.) measured on soil cores was the highest for the NTM (0.29 cm min(-1)) for 0 to 10 cm and NTCSR (0.24 cm min(-1)) for 10 to 20 cm depth. The rho(b) (1.52 g cm(-3) for 0 to 10 cm and 1.62 g cm(-3) for 10 to 20 cm depth) was the lowest and water stable aggregates (WSA) were the highest (WSA of 89% and 63%) for both depths for the NTM treatment. The rho(b) was much higher for the CT (1.75 g cm(-3) for 0 to 10 cm depth) and NTWM (1.77 g cm(-3) for 10 to 20 cm depth) than NTM, NTCSR and M treatments for either depth. The landscape positions did not have a significant influence on soil physical and water transmission properties nor on total biomass. The manuring treatment improved soil aggregation and water transmission properties (NTM > NTWM > NTCSR). C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. USDA ARS, N Appalachian Expt Watersheds, Coshocton, OH USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Skukla, MK (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013 NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 16 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 168 IS 3 BP 167 EP 177 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000058889.60072.aa PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 655RF UT WOS:000181565900003 ER PT J AU Shaw, JN Reeves, DW Truman, CC AF Shaw, JN Reeves, DW Truman, CC TI Clay mineralogy and dispersibility of soil and sediment derived from rhodic paleudults SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE water dispersible clay; Ultisols; iron oxides ID ORGANIC-MATTER; IRON-OXIDES; FLOCCULATION; COLLOIDS; STABILITY; EROSION AB Surface horizons of Rhodic Paleudults in the Tenneswe Valley region of Alabama contain large amounts of clay (<2 mum) composed of quartz, kaolinite, hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite, and iron oxides. Similar clay mineralogical suites have been shown to be dispersive, which can lead to the degradation of soil physical properties. Furthermore, some studies have suggested mineralogical enrichment in dispersed colloids versus in situ soil, which can effect transport of sediment-attached pollutants. The historical utilization of conventional tillage practices without cover crops has degraded soil quality in this region; however, reduced tillage systems are becoming common. We evaluated clay dispersibility and mineralogical partitioning for fine, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Paleudults cropped to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in: (i) a no-till system without a cover crop (NT), (ii) a no-till system with a rye (Secale cerea e L.) cover crop (NTC), (iii) a no-till system with a rye cover crop and fall paratilling (NTCP), and (iv) a conventional tillage system (disking and chisel plowing in the fall followed by disking in spring) (CT). Water dispersible clay (WDC), extractable Fe, and soil organic carbon (SOC) were evaluated for surface (0-1 cm) samples. Particle size distribution (PSD) and clay mineralogy of in situ soil, runoff sediment, and WDC were also determined. Data indicated Fe oxides play a more significant role in clay aggregation than soil organic matter (SOM) in these high Fe systems. Higher clay amounts were recovered with dithionite extractable Fe removed (Fed) compared with SOM removal (33 +/- 3% vs 25 +/- 4%). The WDC quantities were related to SOC (r(2) = 0.65) and negatively correlated with Fed (%) and water stable aggregates (%). Particle size and mineralogy of runoff sediment and WDC mineralogy were similar to in situ soil, suggesting models depicting erosion and sediment-attached pollutant transport can be developed using in situ soil as a surrogate for sediment characterization in these soils. C1 Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. USDA ARS, J Phil Campbell Sr Nat Resource Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Shaw, JN (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, 202 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM jnskaw@acesag.auburn.edu NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 168 IS 3 BP 209 EP 217 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000058893.60072.a7 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 655RF UT WOS:000181565900007 ER PT J AU Castiglione, P Shouse, PJ AF Castiglione, P Shouse, PJ TI The effect of ohmic, cable losses on time-domain reflectometry measurements of electrical conductivity SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-WATER CONTENT; COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; TRANSMISSION-LINES; SPECTROSCOPY; COLUMNS; PROBES; MODEL AB In time domain reflectometry (TDR), the ohmic resistance of the sample medium is related to the amplitude of the reflected signal at long time, once all the multiple reflections have taken place and steady state is achieved. Such a relationship, which permits measuring the sample electrical conductivity, is exact when no signal dissipation occurs other than in the sample. To account for signal attenuation along the coaxial cable, sample and cable are generally modeled as two resistors in series. In this work we review the fundamentals of the transmission line theory and demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, that such a formulation is incorrect. We propose a new simple procedure for the analysis of TDR signals based on a difference reflection method, by scaling the reflection coefficients with respect to one or more standards of known conductivity. The procedure was tested on 16 CaCl2 solutions, using two different TDR probes and two-cable-lengths. The experimental results are in excellent, agreement with the theory. C1 ARS, Salin Lab, USDA, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Castiglione, P (reprint author), ARS, Salin Lab, USDA, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 29 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 2 BP 414 EP 424 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 653XG UT WOS:000181461900004 ER PT J AU Zobeck, TM Popham, TW Skidmore, EL Lamb, JA Merrill, SD Lindstrom, MJ Mokma, DL Yoder, RE AF Zobeck, TM Popham, TW Skidmore, EL Lamb, JA Merrill, SD Lindstrom, MJ Mokma, DL Yoder, RE TI Aggregate-mean diameter and wind-erodible soil predictions using dry aggregate-size distributions SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FRACTAL DIMENSIONS; FRAGMENTATION; EROSION; MODEL; MASS AB Temporal estimates of surface soil dry aggregate-size distributions (DASD) are needed to evaluate soil management systems and estimate wind erosion. This study was conducted to determine the most accurate and precise DASD to estimate aggregate-mean diameter and amount of wind-erodible soil. Over 5400 surface samples of soil dry aggregates were collected at various times throughout the year for 2 to 4 yr at 24 locations in six states. The soils represented a wide range of management systems and intrinsic soil properties, including mineral and organic soils. We evaluated four DASDs: the log-normal determined by two methods, fractal and Weibull distributions, and compared estimates of the aggregate-mean diameter and amount of wind-erodible soil derived from the distributions. We evaluated log-normal distributions expressed as amount oversize (LNO) and undersize (LNU) and tested the effect of using different smallest and largest sieve opening sizes. The Weibull distribution is the most accurate because the ranges of error of the Weibull were generally smaller than all other distributions over the full range of sieve sizes tested, rarely exceeding 0.15. The Weibull distribution is the most precise because only the Weibull had an error mode of +/-0.05 in all sieve-size classes tested. Using substantially different sizes for the smallest sieve-size openings had a great effect on estimates of aggregate-mean diameter and wind-erodible soil, but only when using LNO. Using substantially different sizes for the largest sieve size openings had a great effect on estimates of aggregate-mean diameter but little effect on estimates of wind-erodible soil. C1 ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Cropping Syst Res Lab, USDA, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. ARS, USDA, Stillwater, OK USA. ARS, USDA, Manhattan, KS USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. ARS, USDA, Mandan, ND USA. ARS, USDA, Morris, MN USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Zobeck, TM (reprint author), ARS, Wind Eros & Water Conservat Res Unit, Cropping Syst Res Lab, USDA, 3810 4th St, Lubbock, TX 79415 USA. RI Zobeck, Ted/A-6126-2012 NR 31 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 10 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 2 BP 425 EP 436 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 653XG UT WOS:000181461900005 ER PT J AU Turner, BL Mahieu, N Condron, LM AF Turner, BL Mahieu, N Condron, LM TI Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectral assignments of phosphorus compounds in soil NaOH-EDTA extracts SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID P-31 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS; INOSITOL PHOSPHATES; IDENTIFICATION; FORMS; PH; POLYPHOSPHATE; RHIZOSPHERE; ENVIRONMENT; DYNAMICS AB Soil P composition can be conveniently determined in alkaline extracts using solution P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, but spectral assignments are based on fragmentary literature reports of model compounds in various extraction matrices. We report solution P-31 NMR chemical shifts of model P compounds, including inorganic phosphates, orthophosphate monoesters and diesters, phosphopates, and organic polyphosphates, determined in a standardized soil P extractant (0.25 M NaOH and 0.05 M EDTA). Signals from nucleic acids (DNA -0.37 ppm, RNA 0.54 ppm) and phospholipids (phosphatidyl choline 0.78 ppm, phosphatidyl serine 1.57 ppm, phosphatidyl ethanolamine 1.75 ppm) could be differentiated in the orthophosphate diester region, and were identified in a sample of cultured soil bacteria. Inorganic and organic polyphosphates could be differentiated by the presence of a signal at -9 ppm from the alpha phosphate of organic polyphosphates. Some orthophosphate diesters, notably RNA and phosphatidyl choline, degraded rapidly to orthophosphate monoesters in NaOH-EDTA although DNA, other phospholipids, and orthophosphate monoesters were more stable. Changes in probe temperature had a marked influence on signal intensities and the relative magnitude of signals from orthophosphate monoesters and inorganic orthophosphate, and we suggest that solution P-31 NMR spectroscopy of soil extracts be performed at 20degreesC. C1 ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. Univ London, Queen Mary, Dept Chem, London E1 4NS, England. Lincoln Univ, Soil Plant & Ecol Sci Div, Canterbury, New Zealand. RP Turner, BL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soils Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. RI Turner, Benjamin/E-5940-2011; Condron, Leo/E-9458-2013 OI Turner, Benjamin/0000-0002-6585-0722; NR 45 TC 259 Z9 283 U1 7 U2 91 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 2 BP 497 EP 510 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 653XG UT WOS:000181461900014 ER PT J AU Carrizosa, MJ Hermosin, MC Koskinen, WC Cornejo, J AF Carrizosa, MJ Hermosin, MC Koskinen, WC Cornejo, J TI Use of organosmectites to reduce leaching losses of acidic herbicides SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED-RELEASE FORMULATIONS; ORGANO-CLAYS; SORPTION; WATER; SOIL; DICAMBA; GROUNDWATER; ADSORPTION; PESTICIDES; ALACHLOR AB The modification of smectitic clays with organic cations via cation-exchange reactions produces sorbents with an increased sorption capacity for organic compounds such as acidic herbicides. These organoclays (OCls) could be used as carriers in controlled release formulations of herbicides to decrease their contamination potential. Various OCls and two acidic herbicides (bentazone [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4 (3H) one 2,2-dioxide] and dicamba [2-methoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid]) were selected and herbicide-OCl complexes were prepared by either sorbing the herbicides on the OCl from solution or by dry mixing of both components. Those preparations were assayed controlled-release formulations under static (water solution) and dynamic (soil column leaching) conditions. Herbicide release in closed (static) systems was fast and reached a maximum concentration after 10 to 20 h. The total. herbicide released ranged from 20 to 100% of the active ingredient initially incorporated in the complex depending on the sorption capacity of the OCl for the herbicide and the strength of herbicide-OCl interaction (aging time). Complexes releasing <50% of the herbicide, corresponding to the most sorptive OCls, may not be appropriated for weed control. Total leaching losses in soil columns were reduced from 94% for free technical bentazone to 55 to 90% for bentazone-OCl complexes, and from 100% for technical dicamba to 50 to 100% for dicamba-OCl complexes. Maximum concentrations in the leaching profiles of the herbicide-OCl complexes were much smaller than for the technical compounds. Bioassays of dicamba-OCl complexes as preemergence herbicide showed the same efficiency as the technical compound. These results suggest OCls as possible carriers in controlled release formulations for very mobile and persistent acidic herbicides, thereby decreasing their potential for surface and ground water contamination. C1 CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol, E-41080 Seville, Spain. ARS, USDA, Soil & Water Management Res Unit, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Cornejo, J (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol, POB 1052, E-41080 Seville, Spain. OI Cornejo, Juan/0000-0002-2552-3495 NR 35 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 8 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 2 BP 511 EP 517 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 653XG UT WOS:000181461900015 ER PT J AU Venterea, RT Lovett, GM Groffman, PM Schwarz, PA AF Venterea, RT Lovett, GM Groffman, PM Schwarz, PA TI Landscape patterns of net nitrification in a northern hardwood-conifer forest SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOIL-NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS; NEW-ENGLAND FOREST; N-MINERALIZATION; TEMPERATE FORESTS; LOWER MICHIGAN; RATES; DEPOSITION; ECOSYSTEMS; CHEMISTRY; DYNAMICS AB The production of NO3- in forest soils is an important process influencing the form of N available for plant uptake and the potential off-site N losses. We sampled mineral and organic soil horizons in 100 plots distributed across a 3160-ha hardwood-conifer forest in central New Hampshire to examine patterns of net nitrification rate (NR) and NO3- concentration associated with physiographic features. and vegetation abundances. Net NR and NO3- concentrations each varied by a factor of 150 across the, forest. Greater rates of net NO3- production were associated with higher plot elevation, extent of southerly aspect, greater abundance of sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) and striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum L.), and lower abundances of coniferous trees. Regression models incorporating these factors accounted for 52% of the variance in NR across the entire valley. Higher soil water contents, N mineralization rates, and total N concentrations in higher elevation plots and higher N mineralization and respiration rates in more south-facing plots contributed to the landscape patterns. Incorporation of measured soil C/N ratios together with landscape factors accounted for an additional 10% of the variation. Regression models incorporating vegetation, physiographic, and soils data explained 62 to 73% of the variance in soil C/N ratios across the valley. Our results demonstrate how multiple biotic and abiotic factors combine to generate wide variation in NO3- production, and provide a quantitative basis for estimating how vegetation shifts and climate change may influence N cycling in heterogeneous landscapes characteristic of many temperate forest ecosystems. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RP Venterea, RT (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, USDA ARS, 439 Borlaug Hall, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Venterea, Rodney/A-3930-2009; Lovett, Gary/H-3800-2013; OI Lovett, Gary/0000-0002-8411-8027 NR 49 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 2 BP 527 EP 539 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 653XG UT WOS:000181461900017 ER PT J AU Mattos, D Graetz, DA Alva, AK AF Mattos, D Graetz, DA Alva, AK TI Biomass distribution and nitrogen-15 partitioning in citrus trees on a sandy entisol SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FERTILIZER NITROGEN; FRUIT-DEVELOPMENT; ROOT DISTRIBUTION; GRAPEFRUIT TREES; APPLE-TREES; SOIL; MOBILIZATION; ACCUMULATION; ROOTSTOCKS; GROWTH AB The area under citrus production in Florida is 332 000 ha, with a production of 10 to 12 million metric tonnes of fruit annually. Nutrient management recommendations are needed to increase N uptake efficiency and to minimize nitrate leaching below the root zone. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate biomass distribution of 6-yr-old 'Hamlin' orange trees [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] on 'Swingle citrumelo' [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. x C. x paradisi Macfad.] rootstoc grown n a.sandy-soil -under I ow volume irrigation, and (ii) to estimate partitioning of N-15 fertilizer applied to the soil during early spring into different tree components. We evaluated biomass of tree components (leaves, twigs, trunk, taproot, roots, and fruit), and N recovery and distribution of (NH4NO3)-N-15-N-15.(AN) and N-15-urea (UR) (10 atom % N-15) applied to the soil surface. About 70% of dry matter biomass of trees was aboveground (AG). Length density of feeder roots was concentrate at a depth of 0 to 15 cm below the soil surface and varied from 1.87 to 0.88 cm cm(-3) at 0.5- and 1.5-m distance from the trunk, respectively.. Total recoveries of N-15 by trees were 25.5% for UR and 39.5% for AN at fruit harvest, 280 d after fertilization. Mean accumulation of applied N-15 in recent leaf Hush was 4.2% and that of older leaves was 2.5%. Accumulation of N-15 was low in woody. tissue. Since fruit represented a large sink for N (10.2 and 18.4% recovery of N applied as UR and AN, respectively), we confirmed the importance of N fertilization before fruit development. C1 IAC, Ctr Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, BR-13490970 Cordeiropolis, SP, Brazil. Univ Florida, Dept Soil & Water Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. RP Mattos, D (reprint author), IAC, Ctr Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Via Anhanguera,Km 158, BR-13490970 Cordeiropolis, SP, Brazil. RI Mattos Jr, Dirceu/F-3217-2012 OI Mattos Jr, Dirceu/0000-0002-6149-9189 NR 48 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 14 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 2 BP 555 EP 563 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 653XG UT WOS:000181461900020 ER PT J AU He, ZL Calvert, DV Alva, AK Banks, DJ Li, YC AF He, ZL Calvert, DV Alva, AK Banks, DJ Li, YC TI Thresholds of leaf nitrogen for optimum fruit production and quality in grapefruit SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID YIELD; MANAGEMENT; CITRUS AB Fertilization is critical for sustainable production of citrus on sandy soils. However, information on nutritional diagnosis standards for grapefruit (Citrus x paradisi Macfad.) is lacking and this information is needed for implementation of best management practices (BMPs). A field experiment was conducted from 1997 to 2000 on a Riviera fine sand (loamy, siliceous, hyperthermic, Arenic Glossaqualf) with 30-yr-61d+ white Marsh grapefruit trees on sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) rootstock to evaluate irrigation and fertilization effects on fruit yield and quality, and to validate leaf nutrient concentration standards for guiding fertilization of grapefruit. Fertilizers were applied as water soluble granular (WSG, 3 applications yr(-1)) by fertigation (FRT, 15 applications yr(-1)), or controlled-release fertilizers (CRF, 1 application yr(-1)) and at five rates (0, 56, 112, 168, or 224 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1)) with an N:P:K blend (1.0:0.17:1.02). Fruit yield and quality were not affected by irrigation treatments or fertilizer sources. There was a significantly positive correlation between leaf N concentrations and N rates (r = 0.98**). Fruit yield was linearly related to N rates or leaf N concentrations. At 90% of maximum yield, leaf N concentrations (dry weight basis) were 22 to 23 g kg(-1). Fruit quality parameters such as soluble solid concentration (SSC), juice, and total soluble solids (TSS) were positively correlated with leaf N concentrations, whereas fruit titratable acidity (TA) was negatively related to leaf N concentrations or N rates. The effect of N rate on TA outweighed that on SSC and consequently, the SSC/TA ratio decrease increasing N rates or leaf N concentration. Fruit size was quadratically related to N rate or leaf N concentration. Overall, fruit sizes and SSC/TA ratios were acceptable. for fresh marketing or processing at leaf N concentrations of 22 to 23 g kg(-1). Therefore, this leaf N concentration of 22 to 23 g kg(-1) can be considered the optimal concentration guideline for fertilization of grapefruit provided that other nutrients are sufficient. C1 Univ Florida, IFAS, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. USDA ARS, PWA Irrigated Agr Res & Extens Ctr, Prosser, WA 99350 USA. Univ Florida, IFAS, Ctr Trop Res & Educ, Homestead, FL 33031 USA. RP He, ZL (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Indian River Res & Educ Ctr, Ft Pierce, FL 34945 USA. RI Li, Yuncong/B-9517-2009; He, Zhenli/R-1494-2016 OI He, Zhenli/0000-0001-7761-2070 NR 28 TC 13 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 2 BP 583 EP 588 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 653XG UT WOS:000181461900023 ER PT J AU Duiker, SW Rhoton, FE Torrent, J Smeck, NE Lal, R AF Duiker, SW Rhoton, FE Torrent, J Smeck, NE Lal, R TI Iron (hydr)oxide crystallinity effects on soil aggregation SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; B-HORIZONS; OXIDES; CLAY; PARTICLES; STABILITY; EROSION; OXISOLS AB Differences in crystallinity may explain why total Fe (hydr)oxide content has a variable effect on aggregate stability. Therefore, surface soil samples with a range of poorly crystalline Fe (hydr)oxide contents were characterized for water-stable aggregates >0.25 mm (WSA), mean-weighted diameter (MWD), soil organic C (OC), particle-size distribution, pH, exchangeable cations, citrate/bicarbonate/dithionite (subscript d), and acid ammonium oxalate (subscript o) extractable Fe, Al, and Si. The WSA and MWD range from 23 to 95%, and 0.3 to 5.1 mm, respectively. The effects of Fe-o (1.1-6.8 g kg(-1)), Fe-d (3.2-19.6 g kg(-1)), OC (2.4-24.0 g kg(-1)) and clay (141-467 g kg(-1)) contents on WSA and MWD of both A and B horizons of these soils was studied using linear regression. The poorly crystalline Fe (hydr)oxide (Fe-o) and OC contents are significantly correlated with WSA in the A horizons (r(2) = 0.95, n = 6, p = 0.001, and r(2) = 0.93, n = 6, p = 0.002, respectively) and in the B horizons (r(2) = 0.73, n = 6, p = 0.029, and r(2) = 0.76, n = 6, p = 0.024, respectively). When regressed against MWD, Fe-o has an r(2) of 0.89 (n = 6, p = 0.004) in the A, and 0.97 (n = 6, p = 0.000) in the B horizons. The coefficient of determination of MWD vs. OC contents is 0.98 (n = 6, p = 0.000) in the A and 0.79 (n = 6, p = 0.018) in the B horizons. Clay and Fe-d contents are not significantly correlated to WSA or MWD. Apparently, the Fe-o component (poorly crystalline) is more effective than Fe-d at stabilizing soil aggregates, even though it is present in lower concentrations. The Fe-o component appears more important than OC in terms of WSA and MWD for soils with relatively low soil organic matter contents. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Univ Cordoba, Dept Ciencias & Recursos Agr & Forestales, E-14080 Cordoba, Spain. Ohio State Univ, Sch Nat Resources, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Duiker, SW (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, 116 ASI Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Lal, Rattan/D-2505-2013; Torrent, Jose/K-5293-2014 OI Torrent, Jose/0000-0001-7725-105X NR 38 TC 91 Z9 105 U1 10 U2 64 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 2 BP 606 EP 611 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 653XG UT WOS:000181461900026 ER PT J AU Griffin, TS Honeycutt, CW He, Z AF Griffin, TS Honeycutt, CW He, Z TI Changes in soil phosphorus from manure application SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ANION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANE; POULTRY LITTER; AVAILABILITY; MINERALIZATION; ADDITIONS; SORPTION; KINETICS; NITROGEN; LABILE; PHOSPHATE AB Manure and mineral fertilizer P sources vary in their contributions to soil P pools. We conducted incubation experiments to (i) assess temporal changes in soil P concentration for 84 d following application of KH2PO4 or manure (beef, dairy, poultry, or swine), and (ii) to evaluate interactive effects of P rate, P source, and background P level on soil P pools 90 d after P application. Changes in soil P over time were evaluated following the amendment of a coarse-loamy, mixed, frigid Typic Haplorthod soil (pH 5.8) at a rate of 100 mg total P kg(-1). Water soluble P (WSP), 0.01 M CaCl2-extractable P (CaCl2-P), and modified Morgan P (MMP) declined to <3 mg P kg(-1) soil within 21 d of application, following an exponential decay function; P extracted by anion-exchange membrane (AEMP) and Mehlich-III (M3-P) also declined rapidly and are attributed to the high level of exchangeable Al and Fe in this soil. Ninety days after application, all soil P pools exhibited linear increases in concentration for application rates up to 800 mg P kg(-1) soil, regardless of P source. Phosphorus applied as KH2PO4 Was more efficient at increasing CaCl2-P and M-3P. Manure P sources generally had a greater effect on MMP, and poultry manure was more efficient than all other sources. Efficiency of P sources at increasing soil P concentration (b, slope of linear regression) varied from <1% for rapidly available P pools (CaCl2-P) to nearly 50% for more recalcitrant P (M3-P). Efficiency also increased as background M3-P increased from 150 to 750 mg kg(-1) soil. The amount of CaCl2-extractable P increased rapidly when soil P saturation ([Mehlich III-P]/[Mehlich-III Al + Fe]) exceeded 0.25 mol mol(-1). Manure and KH2PO4 contribute to different soil P pools, and these differences are magnified at high application rates and high background soil P levels. C1 Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Griffin, TS (reprint author), Univ Maine, USDA ARS, New England Plant Soil & Water Lab, Orono, ME 04469 USA. OI He, Zhongqi/0000-0003-3507-5013 NR 34 TC 70 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 16 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 2 BP 645 EP 653 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 653XG UT WOS:000181461900031 ER PT J AU Allmaras, RR Fritz, VA Pfleger, FL Copeland, SM AF Allmaras, RR Fritz, VA Pfleger, FL Copeland, SM TI Impaired internal drainage and Aphanomyces euteiches root rot of pea caused by soil compaction in a fine-textured soil SO SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE soil-water potential; saturated hydraulic conductivity; water-retention function; tensiometer; disease symptoms; oat precrop; anoxia symptoms ID GROWTH; SATIVUM; YIELD; PATHOGENICITY; AERATION; DENSITY; RESIDUE; CROPS; OAT AB The Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs. root rot in pea (Pisum sativum L.) causes serious crop loss. Genetic resistance and fungicidal control are not available commercially. Moreover, the pathogen may remain viable in soil for many years. The disease is favoured in poorly drained soils, especially when soil compaction with heavy axle loading may impair drainage. Precrop species (oat (Avena sativa L.), pea, and several others) and two different tillage tools (moldboard vs chisel) for late fall incorporation of the precrop residue were tested for disease control in two farm fields (fields I and 2) abandoned from processing pea production because of high inoculum concentrations of A. euteiches and poor drainage below the tilled layer. Disease severity, growth staging of the pea, and soil-water potential (SWP) were observed nearly every other day during the pea test-year. All pea plants were dead before the node-8 stage in 1991 and 1993 in field I and in 1993 in field 2. Pea in field 2 in 1994 produced a harvestable yield after a pea precrop, but the oat precrop increased yield at least 270%. Tensiometers repeatedly measured SWP > -5 kPa at the 15 cm depth when pea plants did not survive the disease in 1991 and 1993 in both fields. Periods of SWP > -5 kPa did not occur in 1994 at depths < 20 cm in field 2, when the pea plants survived to harvest and the oat precrop was successful. Bulk density profiles differed between tillage implements for precrop incorporation, but these profiles were poor predictors of saturated hydraulic conductivity (K(sat)). K(sat) < I mm per day indicated impaired drainage in the upper 50 cm of the abandoned fields. Soil-water retention and field observed SWP indicated < 10% air-filled pores frequently in the 15-30 cm layer, yet there were no symptoms of anoxia. Where there was no heavy axle loading in an adjacent pea nursery, traffic compaction decreased K(sat) in the tilled layer only and suppressed disease relief from use of an oat precrop. Pathogenic responses to poor internal soil drainage are likely explained by measured SWP near the soil surface, because SWP influences the mode of infection. When an oat precrop is grown the previous season as a cultural control for root rot, internal drainage must not be impaired by excessive compaction related to tillage and traffic management. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. So Res & Outreach Ctr, Waseca, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Hort Sci, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Copeland, SM (reprint author), ARS, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM copeland@soils.umn.edu NR 38 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-1987 J9 SOIL TILL RES JI Soil Tillage Res. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 70 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 AR PII S0167-1987(02)00117-4 DI 10.1016/S0167-1987(02)00117-4 PG 12 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 651GZ UT WOS:000181313300004 ER PT J AU Meagher, RL Legaspi, JC AF Meagher, RL Legaspi, JC TI Within-field distribution of three homopteran species in Texas sugarcane SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID DELPHACID HOMOPTERA; INSECT AB Sugarcane fields composed of either 'CP 70-321' or 'NCo 310' were sampled during 1993 and 1994 for three species of homopteran insects. The West Indian canefly, Saccharosydne saccharivora (Westwood), was the most abundant species collected with densities reaching over 40 per shoot. Population densities varied significantly throughout the season in 1993 but were similar in 1994. No difference in densities were found between sugarcane cultivars. Both the sugarcane delphacid, Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy and the leafhopper Draeculacephala portola Ball, were found in low numbers (< 1.0 per shoot). P. saccharicida reached its highest levels later in the season, and 'CP 70-321' shoots harbored more individuals than 'NCo 310' shoots. Although D. portola densities were low, differences among fields and between cultivars were found. Aggregation, as measured using Taylor a and b coefficients, was shown to be greater for S. saccharivora than the other species. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Res & Extens Ctr, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Meagher, RL (reprint author), USDA ARS, CMAVE, 1700 SW 23rd Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 677YZ UT WOS:000182838500001 ER PT J AU Chen, YP Lu, LY Skow, LC Vinson, SB AF Chen, YP Lu, LY Skow, LC Vinson, SB TI Relatedness among co-existing queens within polygyne colonies of a Texas population of the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-STRUCTURE; HYMENOPTERA; FORMICIDAE; EVOLUTION; MARKERS; NUMBER; FORM; ATTRACTIVENESS; WORKERS; INSECTS AB Five microsatellite markers were isolated, characterized, and used as genetic markers to estimate the genetic relatedness among fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, queens within polygynous colonies and among queens within aggregated groups in colonies maintained for a short time in the laboratory. Estimates of genetic relatedness using microsatellite markers showed that co-existing queens in the same colonies were not closely related, which is in agreement with previous findings using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Queens also randomly aggregated into groups, and queen aggregation was not based on their relatedness. The F-st-value suggested that polygynous colonies from the Brazos Valley, Texas, can be considered as a single population and demonstrated that gene flow occurs frequently in this area, probably by dispersion caused by mating flights, transportation and wind. The near zero F-is value indicated that polygynous queens in this area were randomly mating. C1 USDA ARS, PSI, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Chen, YP (reprint author), USDA ARS, PSI, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 677YZ UT WOS:000182838500004 ER PT J AU Tillman, PG Mulrooney, JE Snodgrass, GL AF Tillman, PG Mulrooney, JE Snodgrass, GL TI Comparison of susceptibility of Geocoris punctipes and Lygus lineolaris to insecticides for control of the tarnished plant bug SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID ORIUS-INSIDIOSUS; RESIDUES; TOXICITY; LETHAL AB Comparison of the susceptibility of Geocoris punctipes (Say) and the tarnished plant bug (TPB), Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) to selected insecticides was determined in topical, tarsal contact, and field studies. In both topical and tarsal contact studies, L. lineolaris was more susceptible to imidacloprid and oxamyl residues than G. punctipes. However, oxamyl was more toxic to the pest than imidacloprid. Both insect species responded very similarly to fipronil, acephate, dicrotophos, and lambda-cyhalothrin, all of which were very toxic to these insects. In our field study, lambda-eyhalothrin had an equally negative impact on populations of TPB and G. punctipes concurring with previously published field studies. Results from our laboratory and other field studies indicate that oxamyl and imidacloprid would be effective against TPB while conserving populations of G. punctipes for biological control of lepidopteran larvae in cotton. C1 USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Tillman, PG (reprint author), USDA ARS, Crop Protect & Management Lab, POB 748, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 677YZ UT WOS:000182838500006 ER PT J AU Bextine, BR Wayadande, A Bruton, BD Pair, SD Mitchell, F Fletcher, J AF Bextine, BR Wayadande, A Bruton, BD Pair, SD Mitchell, F Fletcher, J TI Artificial feeding system for the squash bug, Anasa tristis (De Geer) (Heteroptera : Coreidae) SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article AB Squash bugs, Anasa tristis (De Geer) (Heteroptera: Coreidae), did not feed on liquid diet-filled feeding sachets used traditionally for feeding homopterans, or on pouch-like artificial feeding source (AFS) containing a meridic diet developed for rearing the western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus Knight, another heteropteran. However, excised cubes of squash fruit, vacuum infiltrated with a suspension of the desired diet and offered above a screen barrier, were accepted. During a 48-hr testing period, all cube-fed adult insects survived, while 35% of those fed on the meridic diet offered in parafilm pouches and 40% of those fed on 5% sucrose offered in sachets died. After blue food coloring was added to the diets as a marker, the excretory fluids of 75% of insects fed on infiltrated cubes was blue in color indicating that feeding had occurred, while no blue defecation occurred when dye-amended diets were offered in the other two systems. The A. tristis AFS provides a convenient system for studying the feeding behavior of squash bugs and provides an alternative to whole plants for studying the etiology of cucurbit yellow vine disease. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USDA ARS, Lane, OK 74555 USA. Texas Agr Expt Stn, Stephenville, TX 76401 USA. RP Bextine, BR (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Entomol & Plant Pathol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 EI 2162-2647 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 63 EP 67 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 677YZ UT WOS:000182838500008 ER PT J AU Mulrooney, JE Holmes, KA Shaw, RA Goli, D AF Mulrooney, JE Holmes, KA Shaw, RA Goli, D TI Longevity of ultra-low-volume sprays of Fipronil and Malathion on cotton in Mexico SO SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article ID CURCULIONIDAE; COLEOPTERA AB In 1996, fipronil and malathion residues were evaluated after four ultra-low-volume (ULV) spray applications in northeastern Tamaulipas, Mexico. Sprays were applied at 0.88 L/ha. Fipronil was applied at 28 and 56 g A.I./ha and malathion at 840 g A.I./ha. Four applications were made beginning 23 May at four, five and six day intervals. Leaf surface residues of malathion accumulated with each application. Leaf surface residues of fipronil applied at both rates dissipated >90% after 2 to 4 d after all applications. C1 USDA ARS, APTRU, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. RP Mulrooney, JE (reprint author), USDA ARS, APTRU, POB 36, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOUTHWESTERN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI DALLAS PA 17360 COIT RD, DALLAS, TX 75252-6599 USA SN 0147-1724 J9 SOUTHWEST ENTOMOL JI Southw. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 69 EP 75 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 677YZ UT WOS:000182838500009 ER PT J AU Danielson, TL Rayson, GD Anderson, DM Estell, R Fredrickson, EL Green, BS AF Danielson, TL Rayson, GD Anderson, DM Estell, R Fredrickson, EL Green, BS TI Impact of filter paper on fluorescence measurements of buffered saline filtrates SO TALANTA LA English DT Article AB Fluorescent contaminants have been observed when stock solutions of phosphate buffered saline solutions at each of three pH values (2.2, 7.5, and 12.5) are analyzed after passing through commercially available filter paper. The filtrate's fluorescence was observed to exhibit a maximum signal at 440.0 nm when excited at 365 nm. Detection of trace components could have significant implications in the design and implementation of sample processing protocols when using fluorescence. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, Hiapan Assoc Coll & Univ Summer Intern, JER, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. ARS, USDA, Jornada Expt Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Rayson, GD (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD MAR 1 PY 2003 VL 59 IS 3 BP 601 EP 604 AR PII S0039-9140(02)00575-1 DI 10.1016/S0039-9140(02)00575-1 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 666WG UT WOS:000182199000020 PM 18968945 ER PT J AU Zhang, D Johansson, G Pettersson, B Akin, DE Foulk, JA Khalili, S Henriksson, G AF Zhang, D Johansson, G Pettersson, B Akin, DE Foulk, JA Khalili, S Henriksson, G TI Effects of acidic media pre-incubation on flax enzyme retting efficiency SO TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID FIBERS AB Overnight incubation of flax straw in a weakly acidic (pH 2) solution decreases the amount of enzyme needed for virtually complete retting by two to three orders of magnitude, as judged by a modified Fried test. This effect is probably based on removal of Ca2+ crosslinking pectin chains in the middle lamella. Washing the enzyme-rotted fibers in ethanol and then in acetone or in 0.1 M KOH reduces their stickiness and matting, thus apparently eliminating dry-back. The methods show potential usefulness for the development of a commercial enzyme retting process. C1 Univ Uppsala, BMC, Dept Biochem, S-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. Swedish Pulp & Paper Res Inst, S-11486 Stockholm, Sweden. ARS, USDA, Richard B Russell Agr Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. ARS, USDA, Cotton Qual Res Stn, Clemson, SC 29678 USA. Royal Inst Technol, KTH, Dept Fiber & Polymer Technol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Johansson, G (reprint author), Univ Uppsala, BMC, Dept Biochem, S-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Henriksson, Gunnar/G-3556-2010 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TEXTILE RESEARCH INST PI PRINCETON PA PO BOX 625, PRINCETON, NJ 08540 USA SN 0040-5175 J9 TEXT RES J JI Text. Res. J. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 73 IS 3 BP 263 EP 267 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA 655ZC UT WOS:000181582500011 ER PT J AU Voss, K Owen, JR Laughter, A Dunn, C Anderson, SP Riley, R Miller, D Corton, JC AF Voss, K Owen, JR Laughter, A Dunn, C Anderson, SP Riley, R Miller, D Corton, JC TI Role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in modulating the effects of fumonisin B1 in mouse liver. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 ToxicoGenom, Chapel Hill, NC USA. CIIT, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. USDA, Athens, GA USA. Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. GlaxoSmithKline, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 36 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500037 ER PT J AU Williams, L Glenn, A Bacon, C Showker, J Riley, R AF Williams, L Glenn, A Bacon, C Showker, J Riley, R TI Inhibition of ceramide synthase in corn seedlings infected with Fusarium verticillioides or exposed directly to fumonisin B1 in soil. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Agr & Environm Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30613 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 916 BP 189 EP 189 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500922 ER PT J AU Hoffman, MK Vodela, J Kadry, AM Maczka, C AF Hoffman, MK Vodela, J Kadry, AM Maczka, C TI Contamination response system as food safety tool. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1219 BP 251 EP 251 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501224 ER PT J AU Kadry, AM Gallagher, D Kause, J Maczka, C AF Kadry, AM Gallagher, D Kause, J Maczka, C TI Antimicrobial residues in the United States horse, sheep and goat meat. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, Risk Assessment Div, Washington, DC 20250 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1220 BP 251 EP 251 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501225 ER PT J AU Voss, KA Norred, WP Meredith, FI Riley, RT Bacon, CW Saunders, S AF Voss, KA Norred, WP Meredith, FI Riley, RT Bacon, CW Saunders, S TI Effects of cooking on the biological activity of fumonisins. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. Frito Lay Inc, Dept Food Safety, Plano, TX USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1226 BP 252 EP 252 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501231 ER PT J AU Owen, JR Plattner, RD Rottinghaus, GE Riley, RT Tackett, RL Voss, KA AF Owen, JR Plattner, RD Rottinghaus, GE Riley, RT Tackett, RL Voss, KA TI Subchronic toxicity in rats fed culture materials of fumonisin-producing and moniliformin-producing fungal isolates. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 USDA ARS, Toxicol & Mycotoxin Res Unit, Athens, GA 30613 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Pharm, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1229 BP 253 EP 253 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501234 ER PT J AU Corton, JC Anderson, SP Stauber, AJ Laughter, A Swanson, C Xiao, S Everitt, J Voss, K AF Corton, JC Anderson, SP Stauber, AJ Laughter, A Swanson, C Xiao, S Everitt, J Voss, K TI PPAR alpha-dependent alterations in chemical-induced stress and longevity correlates with increased expression of heat shock proteins. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 ToxicoGenomics, Chapel Hill, NC USA. GlaxoSmithKline, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. CIIT, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Lilly, Greenfield, IN USA. USDA, Athens, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1650 BP 340 EP 340 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501657 ER PT J AU Diliberto, JJ Hakk, H AF Diliberto, JJ Hakk, H TI Use of CYP1A2 (-/-) knockout and CYP1A2 (+/+) C57BL/6N parental strains of mice to compare metabolism of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, ETD,PKB, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. USDA ARS, Biosci Res Lab, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1764 BP 363 EP 363 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501771 ER PT J AU Smith, DR AF Smith, DR TI A synopsis of the sawflies (Hymenoptera : Symphyta) of America south of the United States: Tenthredinidae (Nematinae, Heterarthrinae, Tenthredininae) SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OLIGOSPILUS FORSTER HYMENOPTERA; NEMATUS; ARGENTINA AB The subfamilies Nematinae, Heterarthrinae, and Tenthredininae of the Tenthredinidae are reviewed for the Western Hemisphere south of the United States. A key is given for the seven subfamilies of Tenthredinidae for this region. Nematinae include six genera and 17 species, with the following new species: Pristiphora auricauda (Costa Rica), P. fernandezi (Colombia), P. fuscalae (Costa Rica), P. hansoni (Costa Rica), P. helveola (Mexico), and P. semialba (Venezuela). Heterarthrinae include three genera and eight species, with one new species, Brasinusa malaisei (Brazil). Tenthredininae include three genera and four species. All Tenthredininae and many of the Nematinae are southern extensions of northern groups into northern Mexico, and two species, Nematus oligospilus (Foerster) (Nematinae) and Caliroa cerasi (L.) (Heterarthrinae), are introductions into southern South America. All nine species of Pristiphora (Nematinae) and the genera Brasinusa and Notofenusa (Heterarthrinae) are endemic to the Neotropics. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, Agr Res Serv,PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Smith, DR (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, USDA, Agr Res Serv,PSI,Systemat Entomol Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. NR 98 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0002-8320 J9 T AM ENTOMOL SOC JI Trans. Am. Entomol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 129 IS 1 BP 1 EP 45 PG 45 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 667ZN UT WOS:000182265300001 ER PT J AU Wipfli, MS Hudson, JP Caouette, JP Chaloner, DT AF Wipfli, MS Hudson, JP Caouette, JP Chaloner, DT TI Marine subsidies in freshwater ecosystems: Salmon carcasses increase the growth rates of stream-resident salmonids SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; USA; INVERTEBRATES; PRODUCTIVITY; ENRICHMENT; NUTRIENTS AB We tested the hypotheses that marine-derived resource subsidies (salmon carcasses) increase the growth rates of stream-resident salmonids in southeastern Alaska and that more carcasses translate into more growth. Five carcass treatments of pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 carcasses/m(2) or 0, 1.9, 3.7, 5.6, and 7.4 kg wet mass/m(2)) were replicated six times in once-through artificial channels, then each channel was stocked with three live ages coho salmon O. kisutch. The experiment spanned more than 9 weeks: 16 August to 24 October 1998. The body mass and fork length of the young coho salmon significantly increased from carcass additions, but the incremental increases sharply diminished at carcass-loading levels above 1 carcass/m(2). Further, in a small stream in which we added salmon carcasses to a cumulative density of 0.54 carcasses/m(2), both cutthroat trout O. clarki and Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma grew significantly faster during the 2 months in which carcasses were added (September-October) compared with fish in control reaches. Fish maintained their assimilated body mass through winter into the following spring. This study illustrates that marine nutrients and energy from salmon spawners increase growth rates of resident and anadromous salmonids in streams. This elevated growth should translate into increased survival and reproduction, ultimately elevating freshwater and marine salmon production. Ecological relationships between salmon runs and aquatic community nutrition and productivity may be important considerations for salmon stock protection and restoration and for freshwater and marine ecosystem management. C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Wipfli, MS (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, 1133 NW Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. EM mwipfli@fs.fed.us NR 36 TC 118 Z9 125 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 132 IS 2 BP 371 EP 381 DI 10.1577/1548-8659(2003)132<0371:MSIFES>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 658QX UT WOS:000181732900017 ER PT J AU Schneider, JM Garbrecht, JD AF Schneider, JM Garbrecht, JD TI A measure of the usefulness of seasonal precipitation forecasts for agricultural applications SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE agricultural management; climate; climatology; ENSO; forecast; precipitation; seasonal ID EL-NINO; CLIMATE PREDICTION AB NOAA's Climate Prediction Center produces experimental climate forecasts that predict total precipitation over three-month periods out to a year in advance. The utility of these seasonal forecasts for agricultural applications will depend on a number of forecast characteristics, including dependability, effectiveness, and usefulness. Usefulness is defined as the ability of the forecasts to predict conditions significantly different from climatological norms. This definition assumes that producers would be more likely to "use" a forecast if it predicts a large departure from normal conditions. A simple measure of usefulness is developed for the NOAA probability of exceedance seasonal precipitation forecasts. Based on the archived precipitation forecasts from 1997 through 2001, this measure is evaluated for 102 forecast divisions covering the continental U.S. Results vary significantly across the U.S., with some regions showing much larger and more frequent forecasts for departures from climatological precipitation than others. For example, at the shortest lead times, precipitation forecast departures larger than 10% of climatological means were issued in 45% of the forecasts for southeastern Arizona, but were issued only 7% of the time for southern Nebraska. Usefulness also varies with lead time, ENSO state and intensity, and season, with the largest forecast departures issued at shorter lead times, during strong ENSO events, and during the fall, winter, and spring seasons. Even if seasonal precipitation forecasts are shown to be dependable and effective, the usefulness of these forecasts for individual, local agricultural planners and managers will be limited in regions and at lead times where forecasts rarely depart from climatology. Agricultural enterprises that operate at regional scales, and can profitably use predictions of small shifts in probable outcome (e.g., crop insurance programs, fertilizer production and distribution, and grain storage and transportation) are best suited to benefit in a direct fashion from these forecasts. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Schneider, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 9 TC 27 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 46 IS 2 BP 257 EP 267 PG 11 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 679YN UT WOS:000182949700007 ER PT J AU Bennett, SJ Dunbar, JA AF Bennett, SJ Dunbar, JA TI Physical and stratigraphic characteristics of sediments impounded within a flood control reservoir in Oklahoma SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE acoustic profiling system; flood control dams; reservoirs; sedimentation; vibracoring ID EROSION AB Since 1948, the USDA-NRCS has constructed almost 11,000 upstream flood control dams across the U.S., and many of the reservoirs are filling with sediment as they near the end of their 50-year economic life. Removing the sediment remains a viable option for dam rehabilitation, yet little information exists on the physical and spatial characteristics of sediments impounded by these small reservoirs. To this end, the characteristics of sediment impounded in a flood control reservoir in Oklahoma were defined. Ten continuous, undisturbed sediment cores were obtained using vibracoring equipment, and the subsurface sediment distributions were imaged using an acoustic profiling system. Stratigraphic analyses showed that silt- and clay-sized sediments dominate the deposits within the reservoir pool, relatively high silt and clay contents were associated with relatively high total organic contents (about 2% by mass), and sand deposition was restricted to tributary and surface erosion sources. Stratigraphic correlation of sediment units across the reservoir was possible using the acoustic profiling results, pre-impoundment sediment was discriminated from post-construction deposition, and a map showing total thickness of deposited sediment was constructed. These results provide detailed information on sedimentation characteristics within a typical USDA-NRCS flood control reservoir. Moreover, the methods used herein were shown to effectively quantify reservoir sedimentation, which is critically important in reservoir management and rehabilitation programs nationwide. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. Baylor Univ, Dept Geol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. RP Bennett, SJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Sedimentat Lab, POB 1157, Oxford, MS 38655 USA. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 46 IS 2 BP 269 EP 277 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 679YN UT WOS:000182949700008 ER PT J AU Zhang, XC Garbrecht, JD AF Zhang, XC Garbrecht, JD TI Evaluation of CLIGEN precipitation parameters and their implication on WEPP runoff and erosion prediction SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE CLIGEN; climate generator; erosion prediction; model evaluation; WEPP ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; GENERATION; MODELS; VARIABILITY AB The quality of synthesized daily weather data directly affects the output of hydrological and agricultural response models. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the ability of the CLIGEN model to reproduce daily, monthly, and annual precipitation amounts, extremes, and internal storm patterns (i.e., storm duration, relative peak intensity, and time to peak) and to assess further the impact of generated storm patterns on WEPP runoff and erosion prediction. Four Oklahoma stations with more than 50 years of daily precipitation data and eight other sites across the U.S. with an average record of 10 years of measured storm patterns were used. Mean absolute relative errors for simulating daily, monthly, and annual precipitation across the four Oklahoma stations were 4.7%, 1.7%, and 1.5% for the means and 3.7%, 6.7%, and 15% for the standard deviations, respectively. Mean absolute relative errors for the all-time maxima of daily, monthly, and yearly precipitation were 17.7%, 8.9%, and 6.5%, respectively. Storm pattern generation, especially storm duration, was determined to need improvement for better prediction of runoff and soil erosion. The measured storm patterns showed positive linear correlations between precipitation, duration, and relative peak intensity, but little correlation was shown for generated storm patterns. The CLIGEN-generated durations were generally too long for small storms and too short for large storms. Inaccurate storm pattern generation led to WEPP prediction errors as high as 35% for average annual runoff and 47% for annual sediment yield on the test sites. To improve WEPP runoff and erosion prediction, storm duration generation should be reconsidered, and a distribution-free approach may be used to induce proper correlations between the input storm variables. C1 USDA ARS, GRL, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. RP Zhang, XC (reprint author), USDA ARS, GRL, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. NR 20 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 46 IS 2 BP 311 EP 320 PG 10 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 679YN UT WOS:000182949700013 ER PT J AU Bonta, JV AF Bonta, JV TI Estimation of parameters characterizing frequency distributions of times between storms SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE drought; short time increment precipitation; storm generation; storm simulation AB Long records of precipitation data of the order of minutes are often needed for hydrology studies, but few such records exist over widespread areas. Storm simulation is an alternative approach to meet this need. One element of storm simulation is modeling the durations of dry periods between storms (storm-occurrence modeling). However, simple methods of characterizing storm occurrences and estimating simulation parameters are needed for practical storm simulation. One method for characterizing times between storms (TBS) is by using the "exponential method." This method assumes that TBS greater than a minimum TBS follows an exponential distribution. Two parameters are necessary in the exponential method, the minimum time between independent storms (called critical time between storms, or CTBS), and the average time between independent storms (ATBS). Methods for estimating these parameters were explored using 34 recording rain gauges over a 225, 000 km(2) area encompassing the Plains area of eastern Colorado and its periphery. Monthly CTBS values ranged from 0.2 d to 2.5 d with a median of 0.8 d. Monthly ATBS ranged from 2.0 d to 13.0 d with a median of 4.5 d. Monthly mapping of CTBS and ATBS allows estimation of these two parameters and incorporates observed spatial and temporal variation. All regressions of CTBS vs. average monthly precipitation (P-mo), ATBS vs. P-mo, and CTBS vs. ATBS using collapsed monthly data yielded poor correlations. However, analysis of monthly data at individual stations yielded good log-linear correlations between ATBS and P-mo, and fair linear correlations between CTBS and ATBS. Intercept and slope parameters for each of the two regressions were correlated across the study area. The results suggest that further categorization of raw precipitation data into "wet," "dry," and "normal" categories may minimize errors in computing CTBS and ATBS. Subsequent mapping of regression parameters may improve the CTBS- and ATBS-estimating methods discussed in this article. A fixed CTBS (e.g., 6 hr often used in precipitation analyses) did not capture the month-to-month variability observed in measured data, and was much shorter than required for statistical independence between storms (6 hr is only 22% to 36% of values of CTBS found in this study). PRISM (parameter-elevation regressions on independent slopes model) maps of P-mo across the U.S. are a source of readily available P-mo data for use in the regressions investigated. The methods developed for estimating CTBS and ATBS are a promising simple parameterization framework for quantifying the temporal and spatial characteristics of independent storms and frequency distributions of TBS for stochastic-storm generation and other hydrological investigations. C1 USDA ARS, Res Hydraul Engn, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. RP Bonta, JV (reprint author), USDA ARS, Res Hydraul Engn, N Appalachian Expt Watershed, POB 488, Coshocton, OH 43812 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 46 IS 2 BP 331 EP 343 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 679YN UT WOS:000182949700015 ER PT J AU Brakke, MP Allen, LH Jones, JW AF Brakke, MP Allen, LH Jones, JW TI Modeling effects of partial rootzone irrigation on stomatal conductance and transpiration of young citrus trees SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE citrus; root water uptake model; stomatal conductance; transpiration ID VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICITS; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; LEAF GAS-EXCHANGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; DRYING SOIL; PLANT-ROOTS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; RESPONSES; SEEDLINGS; LEAVES AB Partial rootzone irrigation has been proposed for decreasing the amount of water applied to citrus. The computer model WATFLO was developed to investigate how environmental, plant, and soil factors influence water use of young citrus trees with all or only part of their root systems irrigated. Solar radiation, dry-bulb temperature, dewpoint temperature, leaf area, root length density, soil volume, and soil water-holding characteristics are specified. Soil water movement to roots is computed using microscopic-scale radial flow to individual roots. Leaf stomatal conductance regulates actual transpiration in response to solar radiation, atmospheric evaporative demand, and soil water potential in the immediate vicinity of the roots, which is compatible with concepts of root-to-shoot abscisic acid signals that control leaf stomatal conductance. Three methods of calculating the effective soil water potential for governing leaf stomatal conductance were investigated Partial rootzone irrigation is accomplished by dividing the rooting volume into four compartments and specifying the initial soil water content of each compartment. Predicted transpiration rates of young citrus trees with all or three-quarters of the compartments irrigated were in good agreement with measured values for young irrigated citrus trees in controlled-environment chambers. Predicted transpiration of trees with one-half or one-quarter of the compartments irrigated decreased during the afternoon due to reduced stomatal conductance in response to simulated depletion of soil water adjacent to the roots. The model indicates that partial rootzone irrigation may limit plant transpiration (with implicit plant water stress), especially if rooting volumes are small and soils are sandy with low water-holding capacity. C1 Univ Florida, USDA, ARS, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Agron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Allen, LH (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA, ARS, Bldg 350,POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 85 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 46 IS 2 BP 345 EP 357 PG 13 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 679YN UT WOS:000182949700016 ER PT J AU Lawrence, KC Park, B Windham, WR Mao, C AF Lawrence, KC Park, B Windham, WR Mao, C TI Calibration of a pushbroom hyperspectral imaging system for agricultural inspection SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE hyperspectral imaging system; imaging calibration; imaging spectrometry; percent reflectance; spectrometer; spectroscopy ID POULTRY CARCASSES INSPECTION; CLASSIFICATION AB A method to calibrate a pushbroom hyperspectral imaging system has been demonstrated for use in agricultural inspection where the imaged object is close to the imaging system. The method consists of a modified geometric control point correction to remove smile and keystone effect from the system, and both wavelength and distance calibrations to reduce the wavelength and distance errors to less than 0.5 nm and 0.01 mm (across entrance slit-width), respectively. Next, a pixel-by-pixel percent reflectance calibration was performed at all wavelengths with dark current and 99% reflectance calibration-panel measurements, and results were verified with measurements on a certified gradient Spectralon panel with nominal values ranging from 12% to 99%. Results indicate that the method is capable of calibrating the hyperspectral system across the entire spectral range of the detector, but errors increase below 420 nm and above 840 nm. Further research should be performed to evaluate the stability of the calibration over time, and techniques must be developed to implement the calibration for real-time analysis. C1 USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Inst Technol Dev, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Lawrence, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 27 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 46 IS 2 BP 513 EP 521 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 679YN UT WOS:000182949700036 ER PT J AU Lu, R AF Lu, R TI Detection of bruises on apples using near-infrared hyperspectral imaging SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE apple; bruises; defects; fruit; hyperspectral imaging; near-infrared; quality; spectroscopy ID DELICIOUS APPLES; DEFECT DETECTION; REFLECTANCE; TIME AB Development of an automated bruise detection system will help the fruit industry to provide better fruit for the consumer and reduce potential economic losses. The objective of this research was to investigate the potential of near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging for detecting bruises on apples in the spectral region between 900 nm and 1700 nm. An NIR hyperspectral imaging system was developed and a computer algorithm was created to detect both new and old bruises on apples. Experiments were conducted to acquire hyperspectral images from Red Delicious and Golden Delicious apples over a period of 47 days after bruising. Results showed that the spectral region between 1000 nm and 1340 nm was most appropriate for bruise detection. Bruise features changed over time from lower reflectance to higher reflectance, and the rate of the change varied with fruit and variety. Using both principal component and minimum noise fraction transforms, the system was able to detect both new and old bruises, with a correct detection rate from 62% to 88% for Red Delicious and from 59% to 94% for Golden Delicious. The optimal spectral resolution for bruise detection was between 8.6 nm and 17.3 nm, with the corresponding number of spectral bands between 40 and 20. This research shows that NIR hyperspectral imaging is useful for detecting apple bruises. With improvement in image acquisition speed and detector technology, the NIR hyperspectral imaging technique will have the potential for offline inspection and online sorting of fruit for defects. C1 Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Lu, R (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, USDA ARS, 224 Farrall Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 19 TC 129 Z9 146 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 46 IS 2 BP 523 EP 530 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 679YN UT WOS:000182949700037 ER PT J AU Cheng, X Tao, Y Chen, YR Luo, Y AF Cheng, X Tao, Y Chen, YR Luo, Y TI NIR/MIR dual-sensor machine vision system for online apple stem-end/calyx recognition SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE apple; calyx; defect inspection; dual sensors; dual-wavelength sensing; imaging; machine vision; MIR; multi-spectrum; NIR; stem-end ID TIME DEFECT DETECTION; FRUIT; IDENTIFICATION; ALGORITHM AB A near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) dual-camera imaging approach for online apple stem-end/calyx detection is presented in this article. How to distinguish the stem-end/calyx from a true defect is a persistent problem in apple defect sorting systems. In a single-camera NIR approach, the stem-end/calyx of an apple is usually confused with true defects and is often mistakenly sorted. In order to solve this problem, a dual-camera NIR/MIR imaging method was developed. The MIR camera can identify only the stem-end/calyx parts of the fruit, while the NIR camera can identify both the stem-end/calyx portions and the true defects on the apple. A fast algorithm has been developed to process the NIR and MIR images. Online test results show that a 100% recognition rate for good apples and a 92% recognition rate for defective apples were achieved using this method. The dual-camera imaging system has great potential for reliable online sorting of apples for defects. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Biol Resources Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. ARS, USDA, Produce Qual & Safety Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. ARS, USDA, Instrumentat & Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Tao, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Biol Resources Engn, 1426 Anim Sci Biol Resources Engn Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 17 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 46 IS 2 BP 551 EP 558 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 679YN UT WOS:000182949700040 ER PT J AU Nelson, SO AF Nelson, SO TI Frequency- and temperature-dependent permittivities of fresh fruits and vegetables from 0.01 to 1.8 GHz SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASAE LA English DT Article DE dielectric constant; dielectric loss factor; fresh fruits; fresh vegetables; permittivity ID MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; ENERGY AB The relative complex permittivity, consisting of the dielectric constant and loss factor, were measured for samples cut from nine fresh fruits and vegetables over the frequency range from 10 MHz to 1.8 GHz at temperatures ranging from 5degreesC to 95degreesC. Permittivity data are presented graphically for apple, avocado, banana, cantaloupe, carrot, cucumber, grape, orange, and potato, showing dielectric constants ranging from values of several hundred at 10 MHz to less than 100 at 1.8 GHz and loss factors of several hundred to a few thousand at 10 MHz to much less than 100 at 1.8 GHz. The dielectric loss factor generally increased with increasing temperature. The dielectric constant increased with temperature at lower frequencies, but it decreased with temperature at the higher frequencies. There was a point in the frequency range between 10 MHz and 100 MHz where temperature dependence of the dielectric constant was minimal. At frequencies below this point, ionic conduction dominated the dielectric behavior, but above that point, dipolar relaxation appeared to control the behavior. Moisture content, density, and total soluble solids content of the fruit and vegetable samples were measured, but poor correlation was observed between these characteristics and the dielectric properties across the selection of fruits and vegetables. The data provide new information useful in understanding dielectric heating behavior and evaluating dielectric properties of such agricultural products for quality sensing applications. C1 ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30604 USA. RP Nelson, SO (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Russell Res Ctr, POB 5677, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 19 TC 52 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA SN 0001-2351 J9 T ASAE JI Trans. ASAE PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 46 IS 2 BP 567 EP 574 PG 8 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 679YN UT WOS:000182949700042 ER PT J AU Phillips, NG Ryan, MG Bond, BJ McDowell, NG Hinckley, TM Cermak, J AF Phillips, NG Ryan, MG Bond, BJ McDowell, NG Hinckley, TM Cermak, J TI Reliance on stored water increases with tree size in three species in the Pacific Northwest SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hydraulic capacitance; Pinus ponderosa; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Quercus garryana; sapwood; water storage; xylem ID DOUGLAS-FIR TREES; PONDEROSA PINE TREES; XYLEM SAP FLOW; STORAGE CAPACITY; HYDRAULIC LIMITATION; STEM; TRANSPIRATION; CONDUCTANCE; SAPWOOD; FOREST AB In tall old forests, limitations to water transport may limit maximum tree height and reduce photosynthesis and carbon sequestration. We evaluated the degree to which tall trees could potentially compensate for hydraulic limitations to water transport by increased use of water stored in xylem. Using sap flux measurements in three tree species of the Pacific Northwest, we showed that reliance on stored water increases with tree size and estimated that use of stored water increases photosynthesis. For Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), water stored in xylem accounted for 20 to 25% of total daily water use in 60-m trees, whereas stored water comprised 7% of daily water use in 15-m trees. For Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook.), water stored in xylem accounted for 10 to 23% of total daily water use in 25-m trees, whereas stored water comprised 9 to 13% of daily water use in 10-m trees. For ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.), water stored in xylem accounted for 4 to 20% of total daily water use in 36-m trees, whereas stored water comprised 2 to 4% of daily water use in 12-m trees. In 60-m Douglas-fir trees, we estimated that use of stored water supported 18% more photosynthesis on a daily basis than would occur if no stored water were used, whereas 15-m Douglas-fir trees gained 10% greater daily photosynthesis from use of stored water. We conclude that water storage plays a significant role in the water and carbon economy of tall trees and old forests. C1 Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Mendel Univ Agr & Forestry, Inst Forest Ecol, Brno, Czech Republic. RP Phillips, NG (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM Nathan@bu.edu RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008; Hinckley, Thomas/F-9249-2010 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738; Hinckley, Thomas/0000-0002-2821-6044 NR 40 TC 162 Z9 188 U1 2 U2 43 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 23 IS 4 BP 237 EP 245 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 660PH UT WOS:000181841200003 PM 12566259 ER PT J AU Burton, AJ Pregitzer, KS AF Burton, AJ Pregitzer, KS TI Field measurements of root respiration indicate little to no seasonal temperature acclimation for sugar maple and red pine SO TREE PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acer saccharum; N additions; Pinus resinosa; Q(10); soil moisture; soil temperature ID FINE-ROOT; SOIL RESPIRATION; MICROBIAL RESPIRATION; CO2 CONCENTRATION; DARK RESPIRATION; HARDWOOD FOREST; NITROGEN; NORTHERN; GROWTH; CITRUS AB Increasing global temperatures could potentially cause large increases in root respiration and associated soil CO2 efflux. However, if root respiration acclimates to higher temperatures, increases in soil CO2 efflux from this source would be much less. Throughout the snow-free season, we measured fine root respiration in the field at ambient soil temperature in a sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) forest and a red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantation in Michigan. The objectives were to determine effects of soil temperature, soil water availability and experimental N additions on root respiration rates, and to test for temperature acclimation in response to seasonal changes in soil temperature. Soil temperature and soil water availability were important predictors of root respiration and together explained 76% of the variation in root respiration rates in the red pine plantation and 71% of the variation in the sugar maple forest. Root N concentration explained an additional 6% of the variation in the sugar maple trees. Experimental N additions did not affect root respiration rates at either site. From April to November, root respiration rates measured in the field increased exponentially with increasing soil temperature. For sugar maple, long-term Q(10) values calculated from the field data were slightly, but not significantly, less than short-term Q(10) values determined for instantaneous temperature series conducted in the laboratory (2.4 versus 2.6-2.7). For red pine, long-term and short-term Q(10) values were similar (3.0 versus 3.0). Sugar maple root respiration rates at constant reference temperatures of 6, 18 and 24 degreesC were measured in the laboratory at various times during the year when field soil temperatures varied from 0.4 to 16.8 degreesC. No relationship existed between ambient soil temperature just before sampling and root respiration rates at 6 and 18 degreesC (P = 0.37 and 0.86, respectively), and only a very weak relationship was found between ambient soil temperature and root respiration at 24 degreesC (P = 0.08, slope = -0.09). We conclude that root respiration in these species undergoes little, if any, acclimation to seasonal changes in soil temperature. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Res Stn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Burton, AJ (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. EM ajburton@mtu.edu NR 47 TC 39 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 26 PU HERON PUBLISHING PI VICTORIA PA 202, 3994 SHELBOURNE ST, VICTORIA, BC V8N 3E2, CANADA SN 0829-318X J9 TREE PHYSIOL JI Tree Physiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 23 IS 4 BP 273 EP 280 PG 8 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 660PH UT WOS:000181841200007 PM 12566263 ER PT J AU Tyree, MT AF Tyree, MT TI Hydraulic limits on tree performance: transpiration, carbon gain and growth of trees SO TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION LA English DT Article DE trees; hydraulic architecture; cohesion-tension theory ID STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; WATER RELATIONS; ACER-SACCHARUM; ARCHITECTURE; OCCIDENTALIS; SEEDLINGS AB The state of knowledge concerning the influences of tree size, xylem dysfunction, growth conditions and within-species and between species genetics is reviewed. It is concluded that high plant hydraulic conductance is necessary for high productivity in forest trees, and this being the case, the implications for commercial forestry require further study. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Expt Stn, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. RP Tyree, MT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Expt Stn, 705 Spear St, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. NR 14 TC 102 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 31 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0931-1890 J9 TREES-STRUCT FUNCT JI Trees-Struct. Funct. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 17 IS 2 BP 95 EP 100 DI 10.1007/s00468-002-0227-x PG 6 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 657EE UT WOS:000181651800001 ER PT J AU Zanetti, F Rodriguez, M King, DJ Capua, I Carrillo, E Seal, BS Berinstein, A AF Zanetti, F Rodriguez, M King, DJ Capua, I Carrillo, E Seal, BS Berinstein, A TI Matrix protein gene sequence analysis of avian paramyxovirus 1 isolates obtained from pigeons SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE avian paramyxoviruses; matrix protein gene; Newcastle disease virus; phylogenetic analysis; pigeon; population genetics ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; CLEAVAGE-ACTIVATION; FUSION GLYCOPROTEIN; PATHOGENICITY; TYPE-1; STRAINS; SITE; PCR; VIRULENCE AB The matrix protein gene was cloned and sequenced for several recent isolates of avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1). Specifically, isolates from pigeons and doves, members of the Columbidae family were examined. APMV-1 is the causative agent of Newcastle disease and the virus is associated with disease among a diverse number of avian species. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates from pigeons have also been classified as pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1). Matrix protein gene sequences for PPMV-1 isolates clustered together as a group relative to isolates from other species phylogenetically. However, there were also isolates from pigeons or doves that grouped with APMV-1 isolates from other species. This indicates that PPMV-1 may be circulating among Columbidae members as a distinct lineage, but that these avian species may also harbor other NDV strains as well. Of particular interest was a dove isolate from Europe that had an aberrant fusion protein cleavage site and was an outlying member phylogenetically between the two major groups of APMV-1 isolates. C1 Inst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria, Ctr Invest Ciencias Vet & Agropecuarias, Inst Biotecnol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1033 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Ist Zooprofilatt Sperimentale, Natl Reference Lab Newcastle Dis & Avian Influenz, I-35020 Padua, Italy. RP Berinstein, A (reprint author), Inst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria, Ctr Invest Ciencias Vet & Agropecuarias, Inst Biotecnol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD MAR PY 2003 VL 26 IS 2 BP 199 EP 206 DI 10.1023/A:1023495615729 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 671JT UT WOS:000182462200011 PM 12803472 ER PT J AU Shiell, BJ Gardner, DR Crameri, G Eaton, BT Michalski, WP AF Shiell, BJ Gardner, DR Crameri, G Eaton, BT Michalski, WP TI Sites of phosphorylation of P and V proteins from Hendra and Nipah viruses: newly emerged members of Paramyxoviridae SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE phosphoprotein; phosphorylation sites; Hendra virus; Nipah virus; Paramyxoviridae ID CASEIN-KINASE-II; VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; TRAP MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SENDAI-VIRUS; EQUINE MORBILLIVIRUS; PHOSPHOPROTEIN-P; RNA-SYNTHESIS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; FUSION PROTEIN AB Hendra (HeV) and Nipah (NiV) viruses are newly emerged, zoonotic viruses and their genomes have nucleotide and predicted amino acid homologies placing them in the subfamily Paramyxovirinae. The polymerase-associated phosphoproteins (P proteins) of paramyxoviruses have been shown, by direct and indirect methods, to be highly phosphorylated. In this study, a comprehensive comparison of in vivo phosphorylation of HeV and NiV P proteins, derived from virus particles, was achieved by a direct approach using electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-MS). Phosphorylation sites for the P proteins were determined at Ser-224 and Thr-239 in HeV and at Ser-240 and Ser-472 in NiV. These phosphorylation patterns do not appear to be consistent with those reported for other paramyxoviruses. Protein V, a product of a frame shift in the P protein gene, was identified by specific antibodies in HeV preparations but not in NiV. HeV V protein was found to contain phosphoserine but not phosphothreonine. In addition, P proteins from both viruses were found to be modified by N-terminal acetylation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CSIRO Livestock Ind, Ausralian Anim Hlth Lab, Prot Biochem & Proteom Grp, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. USDA ARS, Poisonous Plant Res Lab, Logan, UT 84321 USA. RP Michalski, WP (reprint author), CSIRO Livestock Ind, Ausralian Anim Hlth Lab, Prot Biochem & Proteom Grp, POB 24, Geelong, Vic 3220, Australia. RI Crameri, Gary/H-8441-2013; Michalski, Wojtek/H-3544-2013 NR 56 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 92 IS 1 BP 55 EP 65 AR PII S0168-1702(02)00313-1 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(02)00313-1 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 652GX UT WOS:000181372400006 PM 12606076 ER PT J AU Darnault, CJG Garnier, P Kim, YJ Oveson, KL Steenhuis, TS Parlange, JY Jenkins, M Ghiorse, WC Baveye, P AF Darnault, CJG Garnier, P Kim, YJ Oveson, KL Steenhuis, TS Parlange, JY Jenkins, M Ghiorse, WC Baveye, P TI Preferential transport of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in variably saturated subsurface environments SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium parvum; preferential flow; subsurface; transport ID PSEUDOMONAS-FLUORESCENS; VERTICAL MOVEMENT; WATER-SUPPLIES; SOIL; GIARDIA; FLOW; CALIFORNIA; OUTBREAK; SAND AB When oocysts of the protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum contaminate drinking water supplies, they can cause outbreaks of Cryptosporidiosis, a common waterborne disease. Of the different pathways by which oocysts can wind up in drinking water, one has received little attention to date; that is, because soils are often considered to be perfect filters, the transport of oocysts through the subsoil to groundwater is generally ignored. To evaluate the significance of this pathway, a series of laboratory experiments investigated subsurface transport of oocysts. Experiment I was carried out in a vertical 18-cm-long column filled either with glass beads or silica sand, under conditions known to foster fingered flow. Experiment 2 involved undisturbed, macroporous soil columns subjected to macropore flow. Experiment 3 aimed to study the lateral flow on an undisturbed soil block. The columns and soil samples were subjected to artificial rainfall and were allowed to reach steady state. At that point, feces of contaminated calves were applied at the surface along with a known amount of potassium chloride to serve as a tracer, and rainfall was continued at the same rate. The breakthrough of oocysts and chloride, monitored in the effluent, demonstrate the importance of preferential flow on the transport of oocysts. Compared with chloride, peak oocyst concentrations were not appreciably delayed and, in some cases, occurred even before the chloride peak. Recovery rates for oocysts were low, ranging from 0.1 to 10.4% of the oocysts originally applied on the columns. However, the numbers of oocysts present in the effluents were still orders of magnitude higher than 10 oocysts, the infectious dose considered by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, to be sufficient to cause Cryptosporidiosis in healthy adults. These results suggest that the transport of oocysts in the subsurface via preferential flow may create a significant risk of groundwater contamination in some situations. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Res Conservat Ctr, Watkinsville, GA USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Lab Geoenvironm Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Darnault, CJG (reprint author), Malcolm Pirnie Inc, Environm & Water Resources Engn, 701 Town Ctr Dr,Suite 600, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Garnier, Patricia/I-4249-2015; OI Baveye, Philippe/0000-0002-8432-6141 NR 33 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 8 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 75 IS 2 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.2175/106143003X140890 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 744TR UT WOS:000186649400003 PM 12772956 ER PT J AU Kim, H Murthy, S Peot, C Ramirez, M Strawn, M Park, CH McConnell, LL AF Kim, H Murthy, S Peot, C Ramirez, M Strawn, M Park, CH McConnell, LL TI Examination of mechanisms for odor compound generation during lime stabilization SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE odor; trimethylamine; reduced sulfur; lime stabilization; biosolids; protein; polymer; solid-phase microextraction; gas-phase analysis ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; WASTE-WATER AB Lime-stabilized biosolids produced from a wastewater treatment plant often emit odors, especially those described as "fishy" and "decaying". These odors can generate public opposition to biosolids land-application programs even though they represent an environmentally friendly recycling of organic material that is beneficial to the agricultural industry. Therefore, it is critical to examine the controlling factors involved in odor production during the lime stabilization process. Results from preliminary experiments examining added polymer and protein material to dewatered limed biosolids show increased trimethylamine (TMA) production with further increases in 1-hour and 4-hour storage times prior to liming. Further experiments with water-silica slurry reaction media reveal that enzymatically facilitated degradation of polymer and protein is the overriding factor in TMA and dimethyldisulfide (DMDS) production. It is hypothesized that macromolecules such as polymer and proteins in biosolids are first broken down enzymatically, upon which the addition of lime causes TMA and DMDS to be released. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Seoul 130743, South Korea. USDA, Anim Manure & Byprod Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Environm Qual Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Water Environm Res Fdn, Blue Plains Wastewater Treatment Plant, Biosolids Program, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Kim, H (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Environm Engn, 90 Chonnong Dong, Seoul 130743, South Korea. RI Kim, Hyunook/C-9316-2012 OI Kim, Hyunook/0000-0003-1256-480X NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 13 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 75 IS 2 BP 121 EP 125 DI 10.2175/106143003X140908 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 744TR UT WOS:000186649400004 PM 12772957 ER PT J AU Milliman, LD Riechers, DE Wax, LA Simmons, FW AF Milliman, LD Riechers, DE Wax, LA Simmons, FW TI Characterization of two biotypes of imidazolinone-resistant eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum) SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acetolactate synthase (EC 4.1.3.18); imidazolinone ID ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE; HERBICIDE RESISTANCE; MOLECULAR-BASIS; TOLERANCE AB Biotypes of eastern black nightshade were found in Illinois and Indiana that were not controlled by postemergence applications of imazethapyr. Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine whole-plant responses to the imidazolinone herbicides imazethapyr and imazamox and to the sulfonylurea herbicide primisulfuron-methyl. The Illinois and Indiana resistant biotypes were highly resistant to imazamox and imazethapyr but were not cross-resistant to primisulfuron-methyl. DNA sequencing of acetolactate synthase (ALS) genes showed that the molecular basis for resistance in both resistant biotypes was a single base-pair mutation within Domain C that changed an alanine to a threonine in their encoded enzymes. In vitro enzyme assays showed that the Illinois resistant biotype's ALS enzyme was 789- and 881-fold less sensitive than that of the susceptible biotype to imazamox and imazethapyr, respectively. The Indiana resistant biotype's ALS enzyme was 110- and 158-fold less sensitive than that of the susceptible biotype to imazamox and imazethapyr, respectively. These results are consistent with the amino acid substitution found in the ALS enzyme of both resistant biotypes of eastern black nightshade. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. USDA ARS, Invas Weed Management Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Simmons, FW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM fsimmons@uiuc.edu NR 19 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 51 IS 2 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1614/0043-1745(2003)051[0139:COTBOI]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 658TW UT WOS:000181737400001 ER PT J AU Young, BG Knepp, AW Wax, LM Hart, SE AF Young, BG Knepp, AW Wax, LM Hart, SE TI Glyphosate translocation in common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) in response to ammonium sulfate SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adjuvant; efficacy; foliar absorption ID SOYBEAN GLYCINE-MAX; QUACKGRASS ELYTRIGIA-REPENS; SETHOXYDIM ABSORPTION; PELARGONIC ACID; WEED MANAGEMENT; INORGANIC SALTS; NARROW-ROW; GLUFOSINATE; EFFICACY; IMAZETHAPYR AB Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the response of common lambsquarters and velvetleaf to glyphosate applied alone or with 20 g L-1 of ammonium sulfate (AMS). Minimal response of common lambsquarters to glyphosate plus AMS was observed. The GR(50) values for velvetleaf decreased dramatically from 451 to 92 g ha(-1) for glyphosate applied alone and glyphosate plus AMS, respectively. The addition of AMS did not affect foliar absorption of C-14-glyphosate in common lambsquarters; but increased absorption in velvetleaf. A twofold increase in translocation, as a percentage of total C-14-glyphosate absorbed, occurred in velvetleaf with the addition of AMS. Increased control of velvetleaf with glyphosate plus AMS may be partially explained by greater glyphosate absorption and translocation. Increased translocation of glyphosate applied with AMS in velvetleaf was an indirect effect of greater foliar uptake as well as greater partitioning of glyphosate out of the treated leaf. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Gen Agr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Crop Sci, USDA ARS, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Plant Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Young, BG (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Gen Agr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM bgyoung@siu.edu NR 37 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 51 IS 2 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1614/0043-1745(2003)051[0151:GTICLC]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 658TW UT WOS:000181737400003 ER PT J AU Morales-Payan, JP Stall, WM Shilling, DG Charudattan, R Dusky, JA Bewick, TA AF Morales-Payan, JP Stall, WM Shilling, DG Charudattan, R Dusky, JA Bewick, TA TI Above- and belowground interference of purple and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus spp.) with tomato SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE competition; light interference; partitioning of interference; weedcrop interference; weed-vegetable interference; weeds in vegetables ID SOYBEANS GLYCINE-MAX; AVENA-FATUA L; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; COMPETITION; PLANTS; GROWTH; GREENHOUSE; ROTUNDUS; LIGHT; ROOT AB Studies were conducted to determine the extent of full and partitioned interference of two nutsedge species with tomato. For full interference, the crop and the weed were transplanted in the same container. For belowground interference, tomato and either weed species were grown in the same container, but the canopies were separated. For aboveground interference, tomato and nutsedges were grown in separate containers placed adjacently, whereas for the no-interference treatment, tomato and nutsedge plants were grown in individual containers. Full interference by yellow nutsedge was more detrimental to tomato shoot dry weight accumulation (34% reduction) than was full interference by purple nutsedge (28% reduction). Below-ground interference by purple nutsedge reduced tomato shoot dry weight (18%) Center, more than did aboveground interference (9%). Yellow nutsedge interference above-or belowground reduced tomato shoot dry weight to a similar extent (19%). The belowground interference of both nutsedges with tomato resulted in deficient concentrations of nitrate in the sap of tomato (> 18% reduction). The growth of purple nutsedge was influenced more strongly by tomato shading than by belowground interference from the crop, whereas yellow nutsedge growth was equally affected by tomato above- and belowground. According to these results, shoot dry weight accumulation in tomato was affected to the same extent by belowground interference from purple and yellow nutsedge, and the higher effect of full interference by yellow nutsedge may be attributed to increased aboveground competition between tomato and yellow nutsedge. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Mid Florida Res & Educ Ctr, Apopka, FL 32703 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Plant Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA, Cooperat State Res Educ & Extens Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Morales-Payan, JP (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Hort Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM pmorales@mail.ifas.ufl.edu NR 38 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 51 IS 2 BP 181 EP 185 DI 10.1614/0043-1745(2003)051[0181:AABIOP]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 658TW UT WOS:000181737400008 ER PT J AU Svejcar, T AF Svejcar, T TI Applying ecological principles to wildland weed management SO WEED SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Invasive Plant Species: Vision for the Future CY FEB 14, 2001 CL GREENSBORO, NORTH CAROLINA SP Reg Ctr Invas Plant Management DE succession; soil resource availability ID SEMIARID SAGEBRUSH SITE; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; SECONDARY SUCCESSION; WESTERN JUNIPER; DYNAMICS; COMMUNITIES; GRASSES; SOILS; SERES AB Recent advances in our understanding of plant succession will provide new conceptual tools for wildland weed managers. Some of the conceptual advances should allow better linkages between the general management of wildlands and weed management specifically. For example, in the future we should be more capable of evaluating the impact of a management action on the risk of weed invasion than we have been in the past. Much of the discussion in this paper focuses on soil resource availability as a primary ecological factor in wildland weed management. Much of the research upon which this premise is based is less than 15 yr old; thus, we are in the testing stages of applying these concepts. Wider application of ecological principles to wildland weed management will require a coordinated education program and effective interaction among researchers and managers. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. RP Svejcar, T (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Oregon Agr Res Ctr, Burns, OR 97720 USA. EM tony.svejcar@oregonstate.edu NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU WEED SCI SOC AMER PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0043-1745 J9 WEED SCI JI Weed Sci. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 51 IS 2 BP 266 EP 270 DI 10.1614/0043-1745(2003)051[0266:AEPTWW]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences GA 658TW UT WOS:000181737400020 ER PT J AU Chung-MacCoubrey, AL AF Chung-MacCoubrey, AL TI Monitoring long-term reuse of trees by bats in pinyon-juniper woodlands of New Mexico SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE bats; colonies; fidelity; monitoring; reuse; tree roosts ID SOUTHERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; MYOTIS-CALIFORNICUS; ROOSTING ECOLOGY; FOREST; SELECTION; SODALIS AB Information on long-term reuse of tree roosts by forest-dwelling bats (Order Chiroptera) is needed to better understand their roost ecology and to manage their habitats more effectively. To examine long-term reuse of tree roosts by bat colonies in pinyon-juniper woodlands (Pinus edulis)-(Juniperus spp.), 15 maternity roost trees were monitored with exit counts every 2-4 weeks for 2-4 summers from 1995-1998. Although use of trees within summers was intermittent, colonies reused trees an average of 75.0% of the summers they were monitored, suggesting long-term fidelity to trees. Alternative methods for detecting summer roost use with less effort were evaluated with existing data. The first method focused sampling (1-2 exit counts) around the date the colony was present the prior year. The second method examined whether there was a 2-week period during the summer when exit counts were more likely to detect colonies. Neither of the alternative sampling schemes identified 100% of roosts that were reused. Exit counts performed during the 2-week period from 16-29 June resulted in the highest percentage of trees correctly identified as used (71.4+/-14.3%), suggesting that sampling effort may be reduced with the least impact on detection rates by monitoring trees when females are approaching parturition. Nonetheless, results also show that summer use of trees by bat colonies can be difficult to detect, greater levels of effort should be used whenever possible, and reuse rates determined by periodic exit counts should be considered conservative estimates. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. RP Chung-MacCoubrey, AL (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 333 Broadway Blvd SE,Suite 115, Albuquerque, NM 87102 USA. EM achungmaccoubrey@fs.fed.us NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 673EH UT WOS:000182566900008 ER PT J AU Sullivan, TL Messmer, TA AF Sullivan, TL Messmer, TA TI Perceptions of deer-vehicle collision management by state wildlife agency and department of transportation administrators SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE communication; deer-vehicle collision; Odocoileus; organizational culture; perceptions; state wildlife agency; transportation ID UNITED-STATES; DAMAGE AB Historically, state wildlife agencies (SWAs) have been concerned with increasing and protecting wildlife populations at the same time departments of transportation (DOTs) have developed and improved transportation systems. These concurrent activities have resulted in increasing human-wildlife conflicts, most visibly deer-vehicle collisions (DVCs). Increasing numbers of DVCs create new biological and socioeconomic consequences. Although SWAs and DOTs try to reduce DVCs, their approaches may not be integrated. We surveyed SWA and DOT administrators to determine their perception of the magnitude of DVCs in their state, the relative effectiveness of mitigation measures used, and the role of their agency in DVC abatement. Less than 30% of all agencies reported maintaining long-term DVC databases. Few (10%) assigned staff to conduct DVC prevention activities. Despite inadequate record-keeping among agencies, many agency administrators believed DVCs were increasing in their state. Highway fencing was believed to have the greatest long-term potential to reduce DVCs; deer whistles, and mirrors were perceived as being the least effective. Agency cultures influenced the way individual agencies responded to the problem in addition to creating different perceptions of the problem and potential solutions. SWA and DOT administrators generally disagreed on factors that contributed to increasing DVCs and who should ultimately bear financial responsibility for DVC research and mitigation. C1 Utah State Univ, Jack H Berryman Inst, Logan, UT 84322 USA. USDA, APHIS, WS, Moody AFB, GA 31699 USA. RP Sullivan, TL (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Jack H Berryman Inst, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. NR 48 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 163 EP 173 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 673EH UT WOS:000182566900018 ER PT J AU VerCauteren, KC Hygnstrom, SE Pipas, MJ Fioranelli, PB Werner, SJ Blackwell, BF AF VerCauteren, KC Hygnstrom, SE Pipas, MJ Fioranelli, PB Werner, SJ Blackwell, BF TI Red lasers are ineffective for dispersing deer at night SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE agriculture; animal damage; frightening devices; integrated pest management; lasers; Odocoileus virginianus; white-tailed deer; wildlife damage ID WHITE-TAILED DEER AB Populations of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and the number of deer-human conflicts have increased in recent years, emphasizing the need for efficient and inexpensive methods to reduce site-specific deer damage. Recent research using laser technology to disperse a variety of bird species has yielded promising results, prompting wildlife professionals and the public to question whether lasers could play a role in reducing damage and conflict with mammals, primarily deer. We evaluated 2 red lasers (633-650 nm) to determine their effectiveness as devices to frighten deer. No differences occurred in flight response between lasers or between the control and lasers. We suggest that deer were not frightened by either model of laser because they could not detect red laser beams or their intense brightness. Red lasers do not appear to have potential as frightening devices for deer. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Mississippi State Univ, USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv,Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr,Ohio Field Stn, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA. RP VerCauteren, KC (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0091-7648 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 247 EP 252 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 673EH UT WOS:000182566900028 ER PT J AU VerCauteren, KC Lavelle, MJ Shively, KJ AF VerCauteren, KC Lavelle, MJ Shively, KJ TI Characteristics of grit in Canada goose gizzards SO WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Branta canadensis; Canada geese; gizzard; grit; reproductive inhibition ID HOUSE SPARROWS; DIET AB in many localities, Canada geese (Branta canadensis) have habituated to urban settings and their populations are increasing. Reproductive inhibitors contained in synthetic grit could play a role in integrated Canada goose management. We describe and quantify the physical characteristics of natural grit collected from the gizzards of Canada geese from 4 regions of the United States. The average grit sample had a weight of 14.26 g, a volume of 2.45 ml, a grit-particle count of 1,419, and a soil weight of 6.85 g. The average grit particle measured 2.02 mm long and 1.52 mm wide, and had an area of 2.05 mm(2) and a roundness rating of 1.25. Synthetic grit could be patterned after our findings to most likely be retained and utilized in the gizzards of Canada geese. C1 USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP VerCauteren, KC (reprint author), USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM kurt.c.vercauteren@aphis.usda.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1938-5463 J9 WILDLIFE SOC B JI Wildl. Soc. Bull. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 265 EP 269 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 673EH UT WOS:000182566900031 ER PT J AU Boffelli, D McAuliffe, J Ovcharenko, D Lewis, KD Ovcharenko, I Pachter, L Rubin, EM AF Boffelli, D McAuliffe, J Ovcharenko, D Lewis, KD Ovcharenko, I Pachter, L Rubin, EM TI Phylogenetic shadowing of primate sequences to find functional regions of the human genome SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; EPSILON-GLOBIN; LIPOPROTEIN(A); APOLIPOPROTEIN(A); GENES; GAMMA AB Nonhuman primates represent the most relevant model organisms to understand the biology of Homo sapiens. The recent divergence and associated overall sequence conservation between individual members of this taxon have nonetheless largely precluded the use of primates in comparative sequence studies. We used sequence comparisons of an extensive set of Old World and New World monkeys and hominoids to identify functional regions in the human genome. Analysis of these data enabled the discovery of primate-specific gene regulatory elements and the demarcation of the exons of multiple genes. Much of the information content of the comprehensive primate sequence comparisons could be captured with a small subset of phylogenetically close primates. These results demonstrate the utility of intraprimate sequence comparisons to discover common mammalian as well as primate-specific functional elements in the human genome, which are unattainable through the evaluation of more evolutionarily distant species. C1 USDA, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Genome Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Stat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rubin, EM (reprint author), USDA, Joint Genome Inst, Walnut Creek, CA 94598 USA. EM emrubin@lbl.gov FU NHGRI NIH HHS [R01-HG02362-01]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL66728] NR 14 TC 359 Z9 383 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 28 PY 2003 VL 299 IS 5611 BP 1391 EP 1394 DI 10.1126/science.1081331 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 649DU UT WOS:000181192300051 PM 12610304 ER PT J AU Anderson, RL Tanaka, DL Merrill, SD AF Anderson, RL Tanaka, DL Merrill, SD TI Yield and water use of broadleaf crops in a semiarid climate SO AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE alternative crops; crop rotations; synergism; water-use-efficiency ID CONSERVATION TILLAGE SYSTEMS; SASKATCHEWAN; EFFICIENCY; ROTATIONS; WHEAT AB The predominate crops grown in the northern Great Plains of the United States are cereal grains, which are well adapted to the region's semiarid climate and short growing season. However, rotations are changing because minimum- and no-till production systems improve precipitation-use-efficiency. Therefore, producers are seeking diversity in crop choices to improve the design of their rotations. Our objective with this study was to examine water relations and agronomic performance of seven broadleaf crops that may be suitable for a semiarid climate. Dry pea (Pisum sativum L.), dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were the most favorable for this region considering crop yield and water-use-efficiency (WUE). Soybean (Glycine max L.), crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst), canola (Brassica rapa L.), and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) were less successful. Water use for grain production ranged from 23 to 37 cm among crops whereas water-use-efficiency varied three-fold. Soil water extraction patterns differed between sunflower and dry pea, with sunflower extracting more water as well as accessing water deeper in the soil profile. Integrating oilseed and legume crops with cereal grains in a cycle-of-four rotation will aid producers in managing diseases and weeds, as well as improve grain yield due to the rotation effect. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Mandan, ND USA. RP Tanaka, DL (reprint author), USDA ARS, POB 459, Mandan, ND USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3774 J9 AGR WATER MANAGE JI Agric. Water Manage. PD FEB 26 PY 2003 VL 58 IS 3 BP 255 EP 266 AR PII S0378-3774(02)00085-9 DI 10.1016/S0378-3774(02)00085-9 PG 12 WC Agronomy; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Water Resources GA 652KU UT WOS:000181379000005 ER PT J AU Stahl, RS VerCauteren, K Buettgenbach, TL Johnston, JJ AF Stahl, RS VerCauteren, K Buettgenbach, TL Johnston, JJ TI Determination of 4,4 '-dinitrocarbanilide (DNC), a component of nicarbazin, in Canada goose (Branta canadensis) eggshells using high-performance liquid chromatography SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 4,4 '-dinitrocarbanilide; DNC; nicarbazin; Canada goose; eggshell; HPLC ID CHICKEN TISSUES; EGGS; ORGANOCHLORINE; MEMBRANES; CLEANUP AB A method was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography to assay 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide (DNC), the active ingredient in Nicarbazin, in eggshells collected from Canada geese fed a formulated feed fortified with Nicarbazin at doses of 0, 125, 250, and 500 mug/g. The method was developed using chicken eggshells fortified with DNC. The method was used to quantify DNC in both the shell-associated membranes and the calcified shell extracellular matrix. These values were compared to those obtained for a composite sample consisting of both the membranes and the calcified shell extracellular matrix. The validated method was used to quantify DNC in eggshells from geese fed fortified feed to ascertain the effect of Nicarbazin feed concentration on shell DNC concentration. DNC levels in the eggshells were highly correlated with feed dose. C1 USDA, APHIS, WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Stahl, RS (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, WS Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 26 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1130 EP 1135 DI 10.1021/jf025872u PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 647HJ UT WOS:000181087100005 PM 12590446 ER PT J AU Fan, XT Toivonen, PMA Rajkowski, KT Sokorai, KJB AF Fan, XT Toivonen, PMA Rajkowski, KT Sokorai, KJB TI Warm water treatment in combination with modified atmosphere packaging reduces undesirable effects of irradiation on the quality of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE irradiation; lettuce; warm water treatment; quality; antioxidants ID DOSE GAMMA-IRRADIATION; CHLORINATED WATER; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; HEAT-TREATMENT; SHELF-LIFE; FRUIT; TEMPERATURE; VEGETABLES; SURVIVAL; ROMAINE AB Fresh-cut iceberg lettuce dipped in either 5 or 47 degreesC water for 2 min was packaged in modified atmosphere film bags and then exposed to 0, 0.5, 1, or 2 kGy gamma-radiation. Dipping cut lettuce in 47 degreesC water for 2 min prior to irradiation reduced antioxidant and phenolic accumulations induced by irradiation. Irradiation at 2 kGy increased cellular leakage and sogginess of cut lettuce dipped in both temperatures. Samples irradiated at 0.5 and 1 kGy had similar firmness and vitamin C and antioxidant contents as the controls after 14 and 21 days of storage except 1 kGy samples dipped at 47 degreesC had lower antioxidant contents than controls at 14 days of storage. Lettuce dipped at 47 degreesC and irradiated at 0.5 and 1 kGy had better overall visual quality and less tissue browning than corresponding irradiated samples dipped at 5 degreesC. These results suggest lettuce treated with warm water and irradiated at 0.5 or 1 kGy had the best sensory quality without significant loss in texture, vitamin C, or total antioxidants. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Pacific Agrifood Res Ctr, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0, Canada. RP Fan, XT (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. OI Toivonen, Peter/0000-0001-8844-7445 NR 37 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 26 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1231 EP 1236 DI 10.1021/jf020600c PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 647HJ UT WOS:000181087100019 PM 12590460 ER PT J AU Van Boven, M Laga, M Leonard, S Busson, R Holser, R Decuypere, E Flo, G Lievens, S Cokelaere, M AF Van Boven, M Laga, M Leonard, S Busson, R Holser, R Decuypere, E Flo, G Lievens, S Cokelaere, M TI Mechanism of simmondsin decomposition during sodium hydroxide treatment SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Simmondsia chinensis; jojoba seed meal; simmondsin decomposition; isosimmondsin; permethylsimmondsin ID JOJOBA MEAL; FOOD-INTAKE; RATS; FEED AB Jojoba seed meal shows appetite-suppressing activity due to the presence of simmondsin. This pharmacological activity disappears with treatment of the meal with sodium hydroxide. To elucidate this mechanism of inactivation, the reaction of simmondsin in 1 N NaOH at 20 degreesC was monitored as a function of time. The end products of the reaction as well as intermediates were isolated and identified. The half-life of simmondsin was similar to60 min with D-glucose and 2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetonitrile as reaction end products. The reaction mechanism could be elucidated by the isolation of isosimmondsin and a simmondsin lactone derivative. Those compounds were isolated and purified by a combination of column chromatography and HPLC and identified mainly by HRMS and NMR spectroscopy. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Toxicol & Food Chem, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Med Chem Lab, Rega Inst, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. USDA ARS, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Physiol & Immunol Domest Anim, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Interdisciplinary Res Ctr, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium. RP Van Boven, M (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Toxicol & Food Chem, Evenstr 4, B-3000 Louvain, Belgium. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 26 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1260 EP 1264 DI 10.1021/jf025812o PG 5 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 647HJ UT WOS:000181087100024 PM 12590465 ER PT J AU Thomas, PM Flanagan, VP Pawlosky, RJ AF Thomas, PM Flanagan, VP Pawlosky, RJ TI Determination of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid and folic acid in citrus juices using stable isotope dilution-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid; folic acid; mass spectrometry; electrospray ionization; isotope dilution; citrus ID FOLATE; VEGETABLES AB A stable isotope liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method was developed for the quantitative determination of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5-MTHFA) and folic acid in a variety of commercial citrus juices. Folates were extracted from juices, and the polyglutamyl side chain of 5-MTHFA was cleaved to the monoglutamate form using rat plasma conjugase. The folates were purified on a Bond-Elut column and analyzed by LC-MS; with electrospray ionization. The analytes were quantified using the C-13(5), analogues of 5-MTHFA and folic acid as internal standards. The relative standard error of the method was 3.35% based on replicate analyses (n = 4). This method was then applied to the determination of 5-MTHFA and folic acid in a variety of citrus juices obtained from local supermarkets. It was observed that although both "store" brands and "national" brands of fresh (nonfrozen) juices contained similar concentrations of 5-MTHFA, the "store" brands of fresh juices had on average >5-fold the amount of folic acid compared to the "national" brands. In addition, the "total" folate concentrations were generally below values listed on the food label. C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Pawlosky, RJ (reprint author), Lab Membrane Biochem & Biophys, Room 114,12420 Parklawn Dr, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RI Thomas, Paul/C-2777-2008; Thomas, Paul/A-6233-2011 OI Thomas, Paul/0000-0003-2887-4765 NR 13 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 26 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1293 EP 1296 DI 10.1021/jf020902e PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 647HJ UT WOS:000181087100030 PM 12590471 ER PT J AU Marita, JM Vermerris, W Ralph, J Hatfield, RD AF Marita, JM Vermerris, W Ralph, J Hatfield, RD TI Variations in the cell wall composition of maize brown midrib mutants SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE maize; Zea mays L.; brown-midrib mutants (bm1, bm2, bm3, bm4); lignin; cell wall; NMR; benzodioxane ID CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE; ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; NMR CHARACTERIZATION; ABNORMAL LIGNINS; DOWN-REGULATION; TOBACCO PLANTS; ZEA-MAYS; BIOLOGICAL VARIABILITY; FERULATE 5-HYDROXYLASE; COA REDUCTASE AB Most studies published thus far on the four brown midrib (bm) mutants (bm1, bm2, bm3, and brn4) in maize (Zea mays L.) have focused on one or two individual mutants, and comparisons between studies have been difficult because of variation in genetic backgrounds, maturity, and source of tissue. Detailed analyses of the stalks of the four bm single mutants and a bm1-bm2 double mutant in a common genetic background (inbred A619) revealed structural and compositional changes in their isolated cell walls and lignins compared to the wild-type inbred. 2D-NMR revealed a significant presence of benzodioxane units in the bm3 isolated lignin. 1D C-13 NMR revealed increased aldehyde levels in the bm1 and bm1-bm2 mutants compared to the wild-type inbred. The bm3 and bm1-bm2 mutants contained less Klason lignin in the isolated cell walls. The bm1, bm3, and bm1-bm2 mutants contained similar to50% less esterified p-coumaric acid with noticeably elevated levels of ferulate in the bm3 mutant. A difference among bm mutants in the solubility of p-coumaric acid-lignin complexes during cellulase enzyme treatment was also discovered, suggesting that the bm mutations might also differ in the structural organization of lignin. C1 USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agron, W Lafayette, IN 47905 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47905 USA. RP USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, 1925 Linden Dr,W, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jmarita@facstaff.wisc.edu NR 55 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 26 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1313 EP 1321 DI 10.1021/jf0260592 PG 9 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 647HJ UT WOS:000181087100034 PM 12590475 ER PT J AU Jordan, MJ Margaria, CA Shaw, PE Goodner, KL AF Jordan, MJ Margaria, CA Shaw, PE Goodner, KL TI Volatile components and aroma active compounds in aqueous essence and fresh pink guava fruit puree (Psidium guajava L.) by GC-MS and multidimensional GC/GC-O SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE volatile; aroma; essence; guava; olfactometry ID CONSTITUENTS AB Characterization of the aromatic profile in commercial guava essence and fresh fruit puree by GC-MS yielded a total of 51 components quantified. Commercial essence was characterized to present a volatile profile rich in components with low molecular weight, especially alcohols, esters, and aldehydes, whereas in the fresh fruit puree terpenic hydrocarbons and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone were the most abundant components. In the olfactometric analyses totals of 43 and 48 aroma active components were detected by the panelists in commercial essence and fruit puree, respectively. New components were described for the first time as active aromatic constituents in pink guava fruit (3-penten-2-ol and 2-butenyl acetate). Principal differences between the aroma of the commercial guava essence and the fresh fruit puree could be related to acetic acid, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2,3-butanediol, 3-methylbutanoic acid, (2)-3-hexen-1-ol, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2one, limonene, octanol, ethyl octanoate, 3-phenylpropanol, cinnamyl alcohol, alpha-copaene, and an unknown component. (E)-2-Hexenal seems to be more significant to the aroma of the commercial essence than of the fresh fruit puree. C1 USDA ARS, S Atlantic Area, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. RP Goodner, KL (reprint author), USDA ARS, S Atlantic Area, Citrus & Subtrop Prod Lab, 600 Ave S NW, Winter Haven, FL 33881 USA. NR 25 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 26 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1421 EP 1426 DI 10.1021/jf020765i PG 6 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 647HJ UT WOS:000181087100051 PM 12590492 ER PT J AU Bunzel, M Ralph, J Kim, H Lu, FC Ralph, SA Marita, JM Hatfield, RD Steinhart, H AF Bunzel, M Ralph, J Kim, H Lu, FC Ralph, SA Marita, JM Hatfield, RD Steinhart, H TI Sinapate dehydrodimers and sinapate-ferulate heterodimers in cereal dietary fiber SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Zizania sp.; Gramineae; wild rice; dietary fiber; hydroxycinnamic acid; sinapate; sinapic acid; dehydrodimer; ferulate; ferulic acid; radical coupling; cross-coupling; cell-wall cross-linking; single-electron oxidation ID THOMASIDIOIC ACID; CELL-WALLS; 6-HYDROXY-5,7-DIMETHOXY-2-NAPHTHOIC ACID; PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS; ULMUS THOMASII; CROSS-LINKS; ELM WOOD; COMPONENTS; LIGNANS; BIODEGRADABILITY AB Two 8-8-coupled sinapic acid dehydrodimers and at least three sinapate-ferulate heterodimers have been identified as saponification products from different insoluble and soluble cereal grain dietary fibers. The two 8-8-disinapates were authenticated by comparison of their GC retention times and mass spectra with authentic dehydrodimers synthesized from methyl or ethyl sinapate using two different single-electron metal oxidant systems. The highest amounts (481 mug/g) were found in wild rice insoluble dietary fiber. Model reactions showed that it is unlikely that the dehydrodisinapates detected are artifacts formed from free sinapic acid during the saponification procedure. The dehydrodisinapates presumably derive from radical coupling of sinapate-polymer esters in the cell wall; the radical coupling origin is further confirmed by finding 8-8 and 8-5 (and possibly 8-O-4) sinapate-ferulate cross-products. Sinapates therefore appear to have an analogous role to ferulates in cross-linking polysaccharides in cereal grains and presumably grass cell walls in general. C1 Univ Hamburg, Dept Food Chem, Inst Biochem & Food Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. USDA ARS, US Dairy Forage Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forestry, Madison, WI 53706 USA. US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. RP Univ Hamburg, Dept Food Chem, Inst Biochem & Food Chem, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM Bunzel@lc.chemie.uni-hamburg.de NR 33 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 EI 1520-5118 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 26 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1427 EP 1434 DI 10.1021/jf020910v PG 8 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 647HJ UT WOS:000181087100052 PM 12590493 ER PT J AU Papageorge, LM McFeeters, RF Fleming, HP AF Papageorge, LM McFeeters, RF Fleming, HP TI Factors influencing texture retention of salt-free, acidified, red bell peppers during storage SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Capsicum annuum; acetic acid; gluconic acid; sodium metabisulfite ID CELL-WALL CHARACTERISTICS; CALCIUM-CHLORIDE; CUCUMBER TISSUE; ACETIC-ACID; FIRMNESS; TEMPERATURE; PH; CARROTS; RINGS; RATES AB Red bell peppers were stored in a salt-free, acidified cover solution with sulfite as a microbial preservative. The texture retention of stored peppers was evaluated as a function of pH, acid, calcium, blanch treatment, and growing conditions of the peppers. Field-grown peppers softened at a faster rate than greenhouse-grown peppers and exhibited more variability in their ability to maintain texture during storage. Improved firmness retention of red peppers stored at 30 degreesC was observed when the pH was adjusted to be in the range of 3.4-3.8, when at least 5 mM calcium was added to the peppers, and when red peppers were blanched at 75 degreesC for at least 1 min. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. USDA ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP McFeeters, RF (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, N Carolina Agr Res Serv, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 26 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 5 BP 1460 EP 1463 DI 10.1021/jf025788e PG 4 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 647HJ UT WOS:000181087100057 PM 12590498 ER PT J AU Yokelson, RJ Bertschi, IT Christian, TJ Hobbs, PV Ward, DE Hao, WM AF Yokelson, RJ Bertschi, IT Christian, TJ Hobbs, PV Ward, DE Hao, WM TI Trace gas measurements in nascent, aged, and cloud-processed smoke from African savanna fires by airborne Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (AFTIR) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE biomass burning; savanna fires; oxygenated organic compounds; cloud chemistry; photochemistry; HCN ID BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS; TROPICAL SOUTH-ATLANTIC; CATALYTIC REDUCTION TECHNIQUE; HYDROGEN-CYANIDE HCN; KRUGER-NATIONAL-PARK; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; OXYGENATED HYDROCARBONS; SMOLDERING COMBUSTION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; FIELD EXPERIMENT AB [1] We measured stable and reactive trace gases with an airborne Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (AFTIR) on the University of Washington Convair-580 research aircraft in August/September 2000 during the SAFARI 2000 dry season campaign in Southern Africa. The measurements included vertical profiles of CO2, CO, H2O, and CH4 up to 5.5 km on six occasions above instrumented ground sites and below the TERRA satellite and ER-2 high-flying research aircraft. We also measured the trace gas emissions from 10 African savanna fires. Five of these fires featured extensive ground-based fuel characterization, and two were in the humid savanna ecosystem that accounts for most African biomass burning. The major constituents that we detected in nascent smoke were ( in order of excess molar abundance) H2O, CO2, CO, CH4, NO2, NO, C2H4, CH3COOH, HCHO, CH3OH, HCN, NH3, HCOOH, and C2H2. These are the first quantitative measurements of the initial emissions of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOC), NH3, and HCN from African savanna fires. On average, we measured 5.3 g/kg of OVOC and 3.6 g/kg of hydrocarbons ( including CH4) in the initial emissions from the fires. Thus, the OVOC will have profound, largely unexplored effects on tropical tropospheric chemistry. The HCN emission factor was only weakly dependent on fire type; the average value (0.53 g/kg) is about 20 times that of a previous recommendation. HCN may be useful as a tracer for savanna fires. DeltaO(3)/DeltaCO and DeltaCH(3)COOH/DeltaCO increased to as much as 9% in < 1 h of photochemical processing downwind of fires. Direct measurements showed that cloud processing of smoke greatly reduced CH3OH, NH3, CH3COOH, SO2, and NO2 levels, but significantly increased HCHO and NO. C1 Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. RP Yokelson, RJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59807 USA. EM byok@selway.umt.edu RI Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011 OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808 NR 89 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 26 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D13 AR 8478 DI 10.1029/2002JD002322 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 664PZ UT WOS:000182070600002 ER PT J AU Liu, CK AF Liu, CK TI Absorption of glycerol and its effects on the physical properties of a collagen material: Leather SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE adsorption; diffusion; stiffness; modeling ID ACOUSTIC-EMISSION; ANIONIC SURFACTANTS; DESTABILIZATION; CALORIMETRY; SULFATES; HIDE AB An aqueous solution of glycerol was applied to a polymeric biomaterial, leather, to evaluate its effects on the physical properties of leather, particularly stiffness. The initial strain energy, Young's modulus, and acoustic-emission methods were used to characterize the stiffness of the resultant leather treated with these glycerol solutions. The measurements revealed that the glycerol treatment significantly reduced the stiffness of the dried leather, indicating the strong lubrication function of glycerol for leather. Experiments were also conducted to investigate the mechanism of glycerol adsorption into the leather matrix. Fick's second law of diffusion was employed to systematically derive a mathematical model for the absorption rate. The effect of temperature on the absorption rate was also included in the model by incorporation of the Arrhenius equation into Fick's second law of diffusion. The resultant model fits the experimental data very well. It not only depicts the mechanism of absorption but also predicts the absorption rate as a function of key variables. (C) 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. RP Liu, CK (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, 600 E Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD FEB 22 PY 2003 VL 87 IS 8 BP 1221 EP 1231 DI 10.1002/app.11516 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 627YU UT WOS:000179965100007 ER PT J AU Cheng, NH Hirschi, KD AF Cheng, NH Hirschi, KD TI Cloning and characterization of CXIP1, a novel PICOT domain-containing Arabidopsis protein that associates with CAX1 SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TERMINAL AUTOINHIBITORY DOMAIN; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; INTERACTING PROTEIN; CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS; H+/CA2+ ANTIPORTER; HOMOLOGY DOMAIN; EXPRESSION; TOBACCO; IDENTIFICATION AB Regulation of Ca2+ transporters is a vital component of signaling. The Arabidopsis H+/Ca2+ exchanger CAX1 contains an N-terminal autoinhibitory domain that prevents Ca2+ transport when CAX1 is heterologously expressed in yeast. Using a yeast screen, we have identified three different proteins that activate CAX1. One of these, CXIP1 (CAX-interacting protein-1; 19.3 kDa) has amino acid similarity to the C terminus of PICOT (protein kinase C-interacting cousin of thioredoxin) proteins. Although PICOT proteins are found in a variety of organisms, a function has not been previously ascribed to a plant PICOT protein. We demonstrate that CXIP1 activated the CAX1 homolog CAX4, but not CAX2 or CAX3. An Arabidopsis homolog of CXIP1 (CXIP2) weakly activated CAX4, but not CAX1. In a yeast two-hybrid assay, CXIP1 interacted with the N terminus of CAX1. In competition analysis, CXIP1 and a CAX1 N-terminal peptide appeared to bind to similar N-terminal domains of CAX1. Chimeric CAX3 constructs containing the N terminus of CAX1 were activated by CXIP1. In Arabidopsis, CXIP1 transcripts, like CAX1, accumulated in response to different metal conditions. This work thus characterizes a new class of signaling molecules in plants that may regulate CAX transporters in vivo. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Human & Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Hirschi, KD (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA, ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [CHRC 5 P30]; NIGMS NIH HHS [1R01 GM57427] NR 36 TC 48 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD FEB 21 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 8 BP 6503 EP 6509 DI 10.1074/jbc.M210883200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 648BF UT WOS:000181129400126 PM 12480930 ER PT J AU Shigaki, T Pittman, JK Hirschi, KD AF Shigaki, T Pittman, JK Hirschi, KD TI Manganese specificity determinants in the Arabidopsis metal/H+ antiporter CAX2 SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; ALCALIGENES-EUTROPHUS; TONOPLAST VESICLES; H+/CA2+ ANTIPORTER; CA2+/H+ ANTIPORT; ALPHA-SUBUNIT; YEAST-CELLS; OAT ROOTS; TRANSPORT; RESISTANCE AB In plants and fungi, vacuolar transporters help remove potentially toxic cations from the cytosol. Metal/H+ antiporters are involved in metal sequestration into the vacuole. However, the specific transport properties and the ability to manipulate these transporters to alter substrate specificity are poorly understood. The Arabidopsis thaliana cation exchangers, CAX1 and CAX2, can both transport Ca2+ into the vacuole. There are 11 CAX-like transporters in Arabidopsis; however, CAX2 was the only characterized CAX transporter capable of vacuolar Mn2+ transport when expressed in yeast. To determine the domains within CAX2 that mediate Mn2+ specificity, six CAX2 mutants were constructed that contained different regions of the CAX1 transporter. One class displayed no alterations in Mn2+ or Ca2+ transport, the second class showed a reduction in Ca2+ transport and no measurable Mr(2+) transport, and the third mutant, which contained a 10-amino acid domain from CAX1 (CAX2-C), showed no reduction in Ca2+ transport and a complete loss of Mn2+ transport. The subdomain analysis of CAX2-C identified a 3-amino acid region that is responsible for Mn2+ specificity of CAX2. This study provides evidence for the feasibility of altering substrate specificity in a metal/H+ antiporter, an important family of transporters found in a variety of organisms. C1 Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Vegetable & Fruit Improvement Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Human & Mol Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hirschi, KD (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. OI Pittman, Jon/0000-0001-7197-1494 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [CHRC 5 P30]; NIGMS NIH HHS [1R01 GM57427] NR 48 TC 60 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD FEB 21 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 8 BP 6610 EP 6617 DI 10.1074/jbc.M209952200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 648BF UT WOS:000181129400140 PM 12496310 ER PT J AU Zhang, XD Jenkins, JN Callahan, FE Creech, RG Si, Y McCarty, JC Saha, S Ma, DP AF Zhang, XD Jenkins, JN Callahan, FE Creech, RG Si, Y McCarty, JC Saha, S Ma, DP TI Molecular cloning, differential expression, and functional characterization of a family of class I ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) genes in cotton (Gossypium) SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION LA English DT Article DE gene expression; Gossypium; senescence; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme; yeast complementation ID SELECTIVE PROTEIN-DEGRADATION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; CARRIER PROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEM; HIRSUTUM; ENCODES; YEAST; UBC4 AB Two cDNAs and their corresponding genes (GhUBC1 and GhUBC2) encoding ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) have been cloned and characterized from allotetraploid cotton Gossypium hirsutum ((AD)(1) genome). Three additional E2 genes (GaUBC1, GtUBC2, and GrUBC2) have also been identified from diploid cottons Gossypium arboreum (A(2) genome), Gossypium thurberi (D-1 genome), and Gossypium raimondii (D-5 genome), respectively. The derived amino acid sequences of the five closely related cotton E2s are 77-79% identical to yeast ScUBC4 and ScUBC5. The GhUBC1/2 gene family is composed of two members, and genomic origin analysis indicates that GhUBC1 and 2 are individually present in the A and D subgenomes of G. hirsutum. The transcript levels of GhUBC1/2 increased significantly in leaves and flowers at senescence, suggesting that GhUBC1/2 may play a role in the degradation of target proteins that function in the delay of the senescence program. Correlated with high auxin content and auxin-associated effects, GhUBC1/2 are also highly expressed in the youngest leaves, the apical part of lateral roots, and elongating fibers. Genetic complementation experiments revealed that GhUBC1 and 2 can substitute for the function of ScUBC4 and 5 required for the selective degradation of abnormal and short-lived proteins in a yeast ubc4ubc5 double mutant. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA ARS, Crop Sci Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Ma, DP (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Box 9650, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4781 J9 BBA-GENE STRUCT EXPR JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Gene Struct. Expression PD FEB 20 PY 2003 VL 1625 IS 3 BP 269 EP 279 DI 10.1016/S0167-4781(03)00623-1 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 649VG UT WOS:000181228200006 PM 12591614 ER PT J AU Licznar, P Nearing, MA AF Licznar, P Nearing, MA TI Artificial neural networks of soil erosion and runoff prediction at the plot scale SO CATENA LA English DT Article DE soil erosion; neural networks; WEPP; natural runoff plots ID CLIMATE; MODEL AB Neural networks may provide a user-friendly alternative or supplement to complex physically based models for soil erosion prediction for some study areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of using neural networks to quantitatively predict soil loss from natural runoff plots. Data from 2879 erosion events from eight locations in the United States were used. Neural networks were developed for data from each individual site using only eight input parameters, and for the complete data set using 10 input parameters. Results indicated that the neural networks performed generally better than the WEPP model in predicting both event runoff volumes and soil loss amounts, with exception of some small events where the negative erosion predictions were not physically possible. Linear correlation coefficients (r) for the resulting predictions from the networks versus measured values were generally in the range of 0.7 to 0.9. Networks that predicted runoff and soil loss individually did not perform better than those that predicted both variables together. The type of transfer function and the number of neurons used within the neural network structure did not make a difference in the quality of the results. Soil loss was somewhat better predicted when values were processed using a natural logarithm transformation prior to network development. The results of this study suggest the possibility for using neural networks to estimate soil erosion by water at the plot scale for locations with sufficient data from prior erosion monitoring. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Agr, Inst Bldg & Landscape Architecture, Wroclaw, Poland. RP Nearing, MA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, USDA, ARS, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, 1196 Soil Bldg, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Verbist, Koen/B-3029-2009 NR 22 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0341-8162 J9 CATENA JI Catena PD FEB 20 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 2 BP 89 EP 114 AR PII S0341-8162(02)00147-9 DI 10.1016/S0341-8162(02)00147-9 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Soil Science; Water Resources SC Geology; Agriculture; Water Resources GA 639XA UT WOS:000180654300001 ER PT J AU Sinclair, TR Farias, JR Neumaier, N Nepomuceno, AL AF Sinclair, TR Farias, JR Neumaier, N Nepomuceno, AL TI Modeling nitrogen accumulation and use by soybean SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nitrogen accumulation; soybean; N-2 fixation; crop modelling ID GRAIN PRODUCTION; LINEAR INCREASE; HARVEST INDEX; PLANT-PARTS; FIELD; LIMITATIONS; WATER; YIELD AB Simulation of soybean growth and yield requires an accurate representation of nitrogen accumulation and distribution in the developing crop. Approaches to simulate nitrogen accumulation by soybean have been complicated by the need to account for both soil nitrate uptake and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Past approaches to simulating soybean have generally been empirical requiring 'calibration' for each new environment. Recently, Jamieson and Semonov [Field Crops Res. 68 (2000) 21] proposed a relatively simple approach for simulating nitrogen accumulation by wheat based on the nitrogen demand imposed separately by the development of leaf area and the growth of stems. This paper assesses this approach for soybean. This approach was further simplified by assuming that nitrogen availability to the plant was limited only by soil moisture conditions and a maximum uptake rate and that it was not necessary to distinguish between nitrate uptake and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The simplified model generally resulted in simulations that corresponded to experimental observations on nitrogen and mass accumulation through the growing season, and on yield over a number of years. Sensitivity analysis of the model indicated that storage of nitrogen in the stem might be a key trait in increasing soybean yield potential. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol & Genet Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Embrapa Soja, BR-86001970 Londrina, PR, Brazil. RP Sinclair, TR (reprint author), Univ Florida, USDA ARS, Agron Physiol & Genet Lab, POB 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Neumaier, Norman/I-9545-2014 NR 22 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD FEB 20 PY 2003 VL 81 IS 2-3 BP 149 EP 158 AR PII S0378-4290(02)00221-6 DI 10.1016/S0378-4290(02)00221-6 PG 10 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 648MF UT WOS:000181154600007 ER PT J AU Gesch, RW Forcella, F Barbour, NW Voorheees, WB Phillips, B AF Gesch, RW Forcella, F Barbour, NW Voorheees, WB Phillips, B TI Growth and yield response of Cuphea to row spacing SO FIELD CROPS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE row spacing; seed yield; growth; Cuphea ID DENSITY; CROP AB Presently, in USA there is no domestic crop source of oil rich in medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) (i.e., oils composed of triglycerides with fatty acid chains between 8 and 14 carbons long). Several species of the genus Cuphea (Lythraceae) accumulate saturated MCFAs in their seed-storage lipids, and some species grow well in short-season temperate climates. Recent efforts have been successful in semi-domesticating genotypes of Cuphea for crop production. However, little is known about best management practices for production. A 2-year study was conducted in west central Minnesota, USA, to determine optimum inter-row spacing for row culture production of Cuphea. Seed was sown in inter-row spacings of 0.125, 0.25, 0.375 and 0.50 m in 1999, and a fifth spacing of 0.75 m was added in 2000. In 2000, seed yield averaged nearly 1000 kg ha(-1) which was about 40% greater than in 1999. Seed yields were not significantly affected by row spacing. Plants in wider rows compensated for yield by producing more branches and seed pods per plant. The number of filled pods per plant was as much as 70% greater for plants in the widest as compared to the narrowest row spacing. Data indicate that this was due in part to competition among plants for available light and nutrient resources. Row culture of Cuphea in the northern Corn Belt of the US appears favorable. However, due to its indeterminate habit, growth and yield of Cuphea in row culture may be more responsive to plant population density than inter-row spacing. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, Morris, MN 56267 USA. USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Gesch, RW (reprint author), USDA ARS, N Cent Soil Conservat Res Lab, 803 Iowa Ave, Morris, MN 56267 USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4290 J9 FIELD CROP RES JI Field Crop. Res. PD FEB 20 PY 2003 VL 81 IS 2-3 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1016/S0378-4290(02)00222-8 PG 7 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 648MF UT WOS:000181154600010 ER PT J AU Kustas, WP Bindlish, R French, AN Schmugge, TJ AF Kustas, WP Bindlish, R French, AN Schmugge, TJ TI Comparison of energy balance modeling schemes using microwave-derived soil moisture and radiometric surface temperature SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; energy balance modeling; radiometric surface temperature; microwave soil moisture; model comparisons ID REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; VEGETATION INDEXES; SENSING DATA; FLUXES; EVAPORATION; SCALES AB [1] A Two-Source (soil + vegetation) Energy Balance (TSEB) modeling scheme has been developed to use either microwave-derived near-surface soil moisture (TSEBSM) or radiometric surface temperature (TSEBTR) as the key remotely sensed surface boundary condition for computing spatially distributed heat fluxes. Output of the surface heat fluxes from both two-source schemes have been validated using tower- and aircraft-based flux observations. However, these observations rarely provide the necessary spatial information for evaluating heat flux patterns produced by spatially based models. By collecting microwave and radiometric surface temperature observations concurrently during the Southern Great Plains 1997 (SGP97) experiment conducted in Oklahoma, USA, heat flux estimates by the two modeling schemes were compared on a pixel-by-pixel basis. This provided a unique opportunity for evaluating the consistency in spatial patterns of the heat fluxes. Comparisons with radiometric surface temperature observations helped to elucidate factors contributing to discrepancies between TSEBSM and TSEBTR output, because the TSEBSM modeling scheme computes an effective surface temperature. Results from the heat flux comparisons and simulated versus observed surface temperatures suggested revisions to TSEBSM parameterizations are needed to better constrain flux predictions from the soil and vegetation. When the revisions are made, TSEBSM accommodates a wider range of environmental conditions. The revisions involve an adjustment to the soil evaporation algorithm for differential drying of the near-surface soil layer and adopting the Priestley-Taylor coefficient estimated from the TSEBTR model. It was also found that areas with high fractional vegetative cover conditions, TSEBTR estimates of energy partitioning between sensible and latent heat flux at the soil surface (expressed in terms of the soil Bowen ratio, B-OS), were uncorrelated to the remotely sensed near-surface soil moisture. This contributed to inconsistencies in B-OS patterns estimated by TSEBTR during a dry down period. A similar to20% change in the maximum fractional vegetation cover estimated using the remote-sensing-based algorithm is shown to dramatically impact B-OS values estimated by TSEBTR for the densely vegetated areas while having little effect on TSEBSM-derived values. This result suggests that under certain environmental conditions, energy balance partitioning at the soil surface over densely vegetated areas may be tenuous using the TSEBTR scheme. C1 ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. ARS, Sci Syst & Applciat Inc, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Kustas, WP (reprint author), ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Bldg 007 BARC W, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 20 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 2 AR 1039 DI 10.1029/2002WR001361 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 663CL UT WOS:000181988300001 ER PT J AU MacFarlane, WA Wohl, E AF MacFarlane, WA Wohl, E TI Influence of step composition on step geometry and flow resistance in step-pool streams of the Washington Cascades SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE step-pool; flow resistance; large woody debris; Washington; debris flow ID MOUNTAIN DRAINAGE BASINS; HIGH-GRADIENT STREAMS; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; BEDLOAD TRANSPORT; RIO-CORDON; CHANNEL; HYDRAULICS; RIVERS; MORPHOLOGY; OREGON AB [1] Step-pool streams dissipate flow energy primarily through spill resistance. We compared the geometry, step characteristics, and flow hydraulics of 20 step-pool reaches without large woody debris (LWD) to 20 step-pool reaches with LWD. Non-LWD streams exhibited significantly shallower flows, lower steps, shorter step spacings, greater percentages of water-surface drop created by steps, larger grain sizes, and smaller Darcy-Weisbach friction factors. Grain resistance was negligible in both stream types. Form resistance created by irregularities in the channel shape associated with steps contributed more to the total flow resistance in LWD reaches. Although both stream types showed poor correlation between step height and flow resistance, the significant positive correlation between flow resistance and step height/length ratio in the non-LWD reaches demonstrates the increasing effect of spill resistance with increasing step height. The lack of such a trend in the LWD-loaded reaches suggests that spill resistance was highly influenced by a few large log steps in these reaches. LWD creates deep pools and increases flow resistance along step-pool streams. It thus stabilizes channels and stores sediment in steep headwater streams recently scoured by debris flows. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Earth Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP MacFarlane, WA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Chugach Natl Forest,3301 C St,Suite 300, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. NR 45 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD FEB 19 PY 2003 VL 39 IS 2 AR 1037 DI 10.1029/2001WR001238 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 663CK UT WOS:000181988100002 ER PT J AU Laiho, R Sanchez, F Tiarks, A Dougherty, PM Trettin, CC AF Laiho, R Sanchez, F Tiarks, A Dougherty, PM Trettin, CC TI Impacts of intensive forestry on early rotation trends in site carbon pools in the southeastern US SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE biomass; carbon; harvesting; herbicides; loblolly pine; Pinus taeda; soil ID SOUTHERN PINE PLANTATIONS; SOIL CARBON; ELLIOTTII PLANTATIONS; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; LOGGING RESIDUES; NUTRIENT RELEASE; ORGANIC-MATTER; COASTAL-PLAIN; EARLY GROWTH; NITROGEN AB The effects of different silvicultural practices on site, especially soil, carbon (C) pools are still poorly known. We studied changes in site C pools during the first 5 years following harvesting and conversion of two extensively managed pine-hardwood stands to intensively managed loblolly pine plantations. One study site was located on the lower Atlantic Coastal Plain in North Carolina (NC) and another on the Gulf Coastal Plain in Louisiana (La). Four different harvesting-disturbance regimes were applied: stem only harvest (SO), whole tree harvest (WT), whole tree harvest with forest floor removal (WTFF), and full amelioration, i.e. whole tree harvest, disking, bedding and fertilization (EA; only in NC). Each harvesting-disturbance regime plot was split and one-half received annual herbicide treatments while the other half received no herbicide treatments. In NC, soil C decreased slightly with WT, and increased with EA, otherwise no significant changes were detected. In La, there was a consistent decrease in soil C content from the pre-harvest value in all cases where herbicides were applied. All treatments caused a reduction in the forest floor C pool in NC. In La, the most intensive treatments also resulted in a decrease in the forest floor C, but to a smaller extent. In contrast, there was no net change in forest floor C with the SO and WT treatments, even though significant amounts of logging slash were added to the forest floor at harvest in the SO plots and not in the WT. Herbicide treatment clearly decreased the C pool of hardwoods and understory, and more than doubled that of planted pines. Carbon accumulation in the planted pines was similar for trees growing in the SO, WT, and WTFF treatments on both the LA and NC sites. The full amelioration treatment (only applied at the NC site) led to a significant increase in C sequestration by the planted pine component. Due to a large amount of voluntary pines, total 5-year pine C pool was highest on the non-herbicided intensive management plots on the NC site, however. The differing response patterns of soil and forest floor C pools between the two sites may be due to their differing drainage-summer rainfall regimes. Our results suggest that while poor drainage-wet summer conditions may be impeding carbon loss from the soil component it may be accelerating the rate of decomposition of the forest floor and slash on the soil surface. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. USDA, Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Alexandria Forestry Ctr, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. Mead Westvaco Co, Summerville, SC 29484 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Ctr Forested Wetlands Res, Charleston, SC 29414 USA. RP Laiho, R (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Forest Ecol, POB 27, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RI Laiho, Raija/C-2920-2008 OI Laiho, Raija/0000-0001-7767-8520 NR 61 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 17 PY 2003 VL 174 IS 1-3 BP 177 EP 189 AR PII S0378-1127(02)00020-8 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00020-8 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 648ER UT WOS:000181137200014 ER PT J AU Johnson, SL AF Johnson, SL TI Stream temperature: scaling of observations and issues for modelling SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Editorial Material ID PERSPECTIVE; DYNAMICS C1 US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Johnson, SL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 15 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 28 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 15 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 2 BP 497 EP 499 DI 10.1002/hyp.5091 PG 3 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 644GF UT WOS:000180909000020 ER PT J AU Bertschi, I Yokelson, RJ Ward, DE Babbitt, RE Susott, RA Goode, JG Hao, WM AF Bertschi, I Yokelson, RJ Ward, DE Babbitt, RE Susott, RA Goode, JG Hao, WM TI Trace gas and particle emissions from fires in large diameter and belowground biomass fuels SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE biomass burning; smoldering combustion; oxygenated organic compounds; ammonia; methanol; smoke ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; NUTRIENT POOLS; SMOLDERING COMBUSTION; BRAZILIAN AMAZON; FOREST; FURAN; DYNAMICS; CARBON; SMOKE; 2-METHYLFURAN AB [1] We adopt a working definition of residual smoldering combustion (RSC) as biomass combustion that produces emissions that are not lofted by strong fire-induced convection. RSC emissions can be produced for up to several weeks after the passage of a flame front and they are mostly unaffected by flames. Fuels prone to RSC include downed logs, duff, and organic soils. Limited observations in the tropics and the boreal forest suggest that RSC is a globally significant source of emissions to the troposphere. This source was previously uncharacterized. We measured the first emission factors (EF) for RSC in a series of laboratory fires and in a wooded savanna in Zambia, Africa. We report EFRSC for both particles with diameter <2.5 mu m (PM2.5) and the major trace gases as measured by open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectroscopy. The major trace gases include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, ethene, acetylene, propene, formaldehyde, methanol, acetic acid, formic acid, glycolaldehyde, phenol, furan, ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide. We show that a model used to predict trace gas EF for fires in a wide variety of aboveground fine fuels fails to predict EF for RSC. For many compounds, our EF for RSC-prone fuels from the boreal forest and wooded savanna are very different from the EF for the same compounds measured in fire convection columns above these ecosystems. We couple our newly measured EFRSC with estimates of fuel consumption by RSC to refine emission estimates for fires in the boreal forest and wooded savanna. We find some large changes in estimates of biomass fire emissions with the inclusion of RSC. For instance, the wooded savanna methane EF increases by a factor of 2.5 even when RSC accounts for only 10% of fuel consumption. This shows that many more measurements of fuel consumption and EF for RSC are needed to improve estimates of biomass burning emissions. C1 Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. RP Univ Washington, Bothell, WA USA. EM byok@selway.umt.edu RI Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011 OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808 NR 54 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 15 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D13 AR 8472 DI 10.1029/2002JD002100 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 662GB UT WOS:000181938000001 ER PT J AU Pringle, FM Johnson, KN Goodman, CL McIntosh, AH Ball, LA AF Pringle, FM Johnson, KN Goodman, CL McIntosh, AH Ball, LA TI Providence virus: a new member of the Tetraviridae that infects cultured insect cells SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tetravirus; Tetraviridae; cell culture; insect virus; providence virus; RNA virus; T=4 ID CAPENSIS-OMEGA-VIRUS; HELICOVERPA-ARMIGERA; BETA-VIRUS; BACULOVIRUS EXPRESSION; PARIACOTO VIRUS; CAPSID PROTEIN; GENOMIC RNA; CDNA CLONES; T=4; REPLICATION AB We identified a new member of the Tetraviridae, Providence virus (PrV), persistently infecting a midgut cell line derived from the corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea). Virus purified from these cells also productively infected a H. zea fat body cell line, and a cell line from whole embryos of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. PrV is thus the first tetravirus shown to replicate in cell culture. PrV virions are isometric particles composed of two structural proteins (60 and 7.4 kDa) that encapsidate both the genomic (6.4 kb) and the subgenomic (2.5 kb) RNAs. The monopartite organization of the PrV genome resembles that of Nudaurelia beta virus and Thosea asigna virus, members of the genus Betatetravirus. The predicted sequence of the PrV structural proteins demonstrates homology to tetraviruses in both genera. The infectivity of PrV for cultured cells uniquely permitted examination of tetravirus RNA and protein synthesis during synchronous infection. The discovery of PrV greatly facilitates studies of tetravirus molecular biology. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. ARS, USDA, Biol Control Insects Lab, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Ball, LA (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Microbiol, 845 19th St S,BBRB 373-17, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM andyb@uab.edu RI Johnson, Karyn/B-7980-2008 OI Johnson, Karyn/0000-0001-8647-8985 FU NCI NIH HHS [P30 CA13148-27, CA13148]; NCRR NIH HHS [S10 RR11329]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI18270] NR 41 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB 15 PY 2003 VL 306 IS 2 BP 359 EP 370 DI 10.1016/S0042-6822(02)00052-1 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 658TV UT WOS:000181737300017 PM 12642108 ER PT J AU Varner, RK Keller, M Robertson, JR Dias, JD Silva, H Crill, PM McGroddy, M Silver, WL AF Varner, RK Keller, M Robertson, JR Dias, JD Silva, H Crill, PM McGroddy, M Silver, WL TI Experimentally induced root mortality increased nitrous oxide emission from tropical forest soils SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-OXIDE; GLOBAL PATTERNS; N2O EMISSIONS; ECOSYSTEMS; PASTURE; FLUXES; MODEL; CH4 AB [1] We conducted an experiment on sand and clay tropical forest soils to test the short-term effect of root mortality on the soil-atmosphere flux of nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, methane, and carbon dioxide. We induced root mortality by isolating blocks of land to 1 m using trenching and root exclusion screening. Gas fluxes were measured weekly for ten weeks following the trenching treatment. For nitrous oxide there was a highly significant increase in soil-atmosphere flux over the ten weeks following treatment for trenched plots compared to control plots. N2O flux averaged 37.5 and 18.5 ng N cm(-2) h(-1) from clay trenched and control plots and 4.7 and 1.5 ng N cm(-2) h(-1) from sand trenched and control plots. In contrast, there was no effect for soil-atmosphere flux of nitric oxide, carbon dioxide, or methane. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. USDA, Forest Serv, Int Inst Trop Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR USA. Fdn Floresta Trop, Santarem, Para, Brazil. Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Ecosyst Sci, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Varner, RK (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Complex Syst Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RI Keller, Michael/A-8976-2012; Silver, Whendee/H-1118-2012; Silva, Hudson/D-1564-2013; Varner, Ruth/E-5371-2011; OI Keller, Michael/0000-0002-0253-3359; Varner, Ruth/0000-0002-3571-6629; Crill, Patrick/0000-0003-1110-3059 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 14 PY 2003 VL 30 IS 3 AR 1144 DI 10.1029/2002GL016164 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 662EY UT WOS:000181935100002 ER PT J AU Kitta, K Day, RM Kim, Y Torregroza, I Evans, T Suzuki, YJ AF Kitta, K Day, RM Kim, Y Torregroza, I Evans, T Suzuki, YJ TI Hepatocyte growth factor induces GATA-4 phosphorylation and cell survival in cardiac muscle cells SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GATA-1; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; BCL-X GENE; C-MET; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RAT HEPATOCYTES; RETINOIC ACID AB Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is released in response to myocardial infarction and may play a role in regulating cardiac remodeling. Recently, HGF was found to inhibit the apoptosis of cardiac muscle cells. Because GATA-4 can induce cell survival, the effects of HGF on GATA-4 activity were investigated. Treatment of HL-1 cells or primary adult rat cardiac myocytes with HGF, at concentrations that can be detected in the human serum after myocardial infarction, rapidly enhances GATA-4 DNA-binding activity. The enhanced DNA-binding activity is associated with the phosphorylation of GATA-4. HGF-induced phosphorylation and activation of GATA-4 is abolished by MEK inhibitors or the mutation of the ERK phosphorylation site (S105A), suggesting that HGF activates GATA-4 via MEK-ERK pathway-dependent phosphorylation. HGF enhances the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-X-L, and this is blocked by dominant negative mutants of MEK or GATA-4. Forced expression of wild-type GATA-4, but not the GATA-4 mutant (S105A) increases the expression of Bcl-X-L. Furthermore, expression of the GATA-4 mutant (S105A) suppresses HGF-mediated protection of cells against daunorubicin-induced apoptosis. These results demonstrate that HGF protects cardiac muscle cells against apoptosis via a signaling pathway involving MEK/ERK-dependent phosphorylation of GATA-4. C1 Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Dev & Mol Biol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. RP Suzuki, YJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL64282]; NIA NIH HHS [AG16121] NR 50 TC 84 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD FEB 14 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 7 BP 4705 EP 4712 DI 10.1074/jbc.M211616200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 645GY UT WOS:000180968900046 PM 12468531 ER PT J AU Burri, BJ Dopler-Nelson, M Neidllinger, TR AF Burri, BJ Dopler-Nelson, M Neidllinger, TR TI Measurements of the major isoforms of vitamins A and E and carotenoids in the blood of people with spinal-cord injuries SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium on High Performance Liquid Phase Separations and Related Techniques (HPLC 2002) CY JUN 02-07, 2002 CL MONTREAL, CANADA DE vitamins; carotenes; tocopherols; carotenoids ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRANS-BETA-CAROTENE; REVERSED-PHASE HPLC; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; HUMAN PLASMA; HUMAN SERUM; RETINOL; LYCOPENE; CRYPTOXANTHIN AB We used reversed-phase HPLC with diode array detection to simultaneously measure the major isoforms of vitamins A, E, and the carotenoids in serum from 55 healthy people with spinal cord injuries. Typically, the method measured retinol (vitamin A), alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) and beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, lutein, lycopene, and cryptoxanthin (carotenoids). gamma-Tocopherol (vitamin E), 25-hydroxycalciferol (vitamin D), and the carotenoid zeaxanthin could also be measured when they were present in high concentrations. Healthy people with spinal cord injuries were more likely than similar people without injuries to have low concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, and to a lesser extent retinol and beta-carotene. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, PWA, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Burri, BJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, PWA, 3202A Meyer Hall,1 Shields Ave,1035 Wickson Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 31 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD FEB 14 PY 2003 VL 987 IS 1-2 BP 359 EP 366 AR PII S0021-9673(02)01908-8 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(02)01908-8 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 643YE UT WOS:000180890500040 PM 12613829 ER PT J AU Reimschuessel, R Gieseker, CM Driscoll, C Baya, A Kane, AS Blazer, VS Evans, JJ Kent, ML Moran, JDW Poynton, SL AF Reimschuessel, R Gieseker, CM Driscoll, C Baya, A Kane, AS Blazer, VS Evans, JJ Kent, ML Moran, JDW Poynton, SL TI Myxosporean plasmodial infection associated with ulcerative lesions in young-of-the-year Atlantic menhaden in a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay, and possible links to Kudoa clupeidae SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Atlantic menhaden; Brevoortia tyrannus; Kudoa clupeidae; Myxosporea; plasmodia; lesions ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; N. SP MYXOZOA; PARASITIC ENCEPHALITIS; MYXOBOLUS-CEREBRALIS; THYRSITES GILCHRIST; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; RAINBOW-TROUT; GENUS KUDOA; LIFE-CYCLE; DISEASE AB Ulcers in Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrann us (Latrobe) (Clupeidae), observed along the USA east coast, have been attributed to diverse etiologies including bacterial, fungal and, recently, harmful algal blooms. To understand the early pathogenesis of these lesions, we examined juvenile Atlantic menhaden collected during their seasonal presence in Chesapeake Bay tributaries from April to October 1999 and from March to August 2000. We conducted histopathological examinations of young-of-the-year fish from the Pocomoke River tributary, which has a history of fish mortalities and high lesion prevalence. Kudoa clupeidae (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) spores were present in the muscles of fish collected in both years. Of the fish assessed by histology in April, 5 to 14 % were infected, while in May 90 to 96 % were infected. Infection rates remained high during the summer. Mature spores were primarily located within myomeres and caused little or no observable pathological changes. Ultrastructure showed spores with capsulogenic cells bearing filamentous projections, and a basal crescentic nucleus with mottled nucleoplasm containing cleaved, condensed chromatin. Also, a highly invasive plasmodial stage of a myxozoan was found in the lesions of juvenile Atlantic menhaden. The plasmodia were observed in fish collected between May and July, with the maximum occurrence in late June 1999 and late May 2000. Plasmodia penetrated and surrounded muscle bundles, causing grossly observable raised lesions in 73 % of all fish infected with this invasive stage, Plasmodia were also detected in the visceral organs, branchial arches, and interocular muscles of some fish. Some of the invasive extrasporogonic plasmodial lesions were associated with ulcers and chronic inflammatory infiltrates. The plasmodial stage appeared to slough out of the tissue with subsequent evidence of wound healing. Ultrastructure showed plasmodia with an elaborate irregular surface, divided into distinct ectoplasm and endoplasm; the latter contained numerous spherical vegetative nuclei, secondary generative cells, and occasional cell doublets. Our ultrastructural studies indicate that the plasmodial organisms, which are important in the etiology of the skin lesions, are myxozoans, and they may represent early stages of K. clupeidae. C1 USDA, Ctr Vet Med, Res Off, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. Univ Maryland, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Univ Maryland, Aquat Pathobiol Ctr, Dept Vet Med, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. ARS, USDA, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Chestertown, MD 21620 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ctr Fish Dis Res, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Comparat Med, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Inst Gewasserokol & Binnenfischerei, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. RP Reimschuessel, R (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Vet Med, Res Off, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 91 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD FEB 13 PY 2003 VL 53 IS 2 BP 143 EP 166 DI 10.3354/dao053143 PG 24 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 669KR UT WOS:000182350900007 PM 12650247 ER PT J AU Bertschi, IT Yokelson, RJ Ward, DE Christian, TJ Hao, WM AF Bertschi, IT Yokelson, RJ Ward, DE Christian, TJ Hao, WM TI Trace gas emissions from the production and use of domestic biofuels in Zambia measured by open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE oxygenated organic compounds; biomass burning; biofuel; fuelwood; charcoal; biomass energy ID LABORATORY BIOMASS FIRES; COMBUSTION; FORMALDEHYDE; POLLUTION; METHANOL; CHARCOAL; TROPICS; CARBON; KENYA AB [1] Domestic biomass fuels (biofuels) were recently estimated to be the second largest source of carbon emissions from global biomass burning. Wood and charcoal provide approximately 90% and 10% of domestic energy in tropical Africa. In September 2000, we used open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectroscopy to quantify 18 of the most abundant trace gases emitted by wood and charcoal cooking fires and an earthen charcoal-making kiln in Zambia. These are the first in situ measurements of an extensive suite of trace gases emitted by tropical biofuel burning. We report emission ratios (ER) and emission factors (EF) for (in order of abundance) carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), acetic acid (CH3COOH), methanol (CH3OH), formaldehyde (HCHO), ethene (C2H4), ammonia (NH3), acetylene (C2H2), nitric oxide (NO), ethane (C2H6), phenol (C6H5OH), propene (C3H6), formic acid (HCOOH), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), hydroxyacetaldehyde (HOCH2CHO), and furan (C4H4O). Compared to previous work, our emissions of organic acids and NH3 are 3-6.5 times larger. Another significant finding is that reactive oxygenated organic compounds account for 70-80% of the total nonmethane organic compounds (NMOC). For most compounds, the combined emissions from charcoal production and charcoal burning are larger than the emissions from wood fires by factors of 3-10 per unit mass of fuel burned and similar to2 per unit energy released. We estimate that Zambian savanna fires produce more annual CO2, HCOOH, and NOx than Zambian biofuel use by factors of 2.5, 1.7, and 5, respectively. However, biofuels contribute larger annual emissions of CH4,CH3OH, C2H2,CH3COOH, HCHO, and NH3 by factors of 5.1, 3.9, 2.7, 2.4, 2.2, and 2.0, respectively. Annual CO and C2H4 emissions are approximately equal from both sources. Coupling our data with recent estimates of global biofuel consumption implies that global biomass burning emissions for several compounds are significantly larger than previously reported. Biofuel emissions are produced year-round, disperse differently than savanna fire emissions, and could strongly impact the tropical troposphere. C1 Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. US Forest Serv, Fire Sci Lab, USDA, Missoula, MT USA. RP Bertschi, IT (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM byok@selway.umt.edu RI Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011 OI Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808 NR 42 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 13 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D13 AR 8469 DI 10.1029/2002JD002158 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 662GA UT WOS:000181937900001 ER PT J AU Fang, Z Polacco, M Chen, S Schroeder, S Hancock, D Sanchez, H Coe, E AF Fang, Z Polacco, M Chen, S Schroeder, S Hancock, D Sanchez, H Coe, E TI cMap: the comparative genetic map viewer SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article AB cMap, a www comparative genetic map graphical utility, has a search capability and provides comparison of two genetic maps within or between species with dynamic links to data resources and text lists of the shared loci, running in a relational database environment. Currently, maps from three species (maize 'Zea mays U, rice 'Oryza sativa U, and sorghum 'Sorghum bicolor L.'), representing over 13800 distinct loci, are available for comparison at http://www.agron.missouri.edu/cMapDB/cMap.html. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. ARS, Plant Genet Res Unit, USDA, Columbia, MO USA. RP Fang, Z (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Agron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. OI Schroeder, Steven/0000-0001-9103-5150 NR 0 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD FEB 12 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 3 BP 416 EP 417 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btg012 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 651CP UT WOS:000181303000014 PM 12584129 ER PT J AU Oliva, A Meepagala, KM Wedge, DE Harries, D Hale, AL Aliotta, G Duke, SO AF Oliva, A Meepagala, KM Wedge, DE Harries, D Hale, AL Aliotta, G Duke, SO TI Natural fungicides from Ruta graveolens L. leaves, including a new quinolone alkaloid SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Botrytis cinerea; Colletotrichum acutatum; C. fragariae; C. gloeosporioides; fungicide; furanocoumarin; Fusarium oxysporum; Phomopsis viticola; P. obscurans; psoralen; quinoline alkaloid; quinolone alkaloid; rue; Ruta graveolens ID HORMESIS; ALLELOCHEMICALS; PLANTS AB Bioassay-directed isolation of antifungal compounds from an ethyl acetate extract of Ruta graveolens leaves yielded two furanocoumarins, one quinoline alkaloid, and four quinolone alkaloids, including a novel compound, 1-methyl-2-[6'-(3",4"-methylenedioxyphenyl)hexyl]-4-quinolone. The H-1 and C-13 NMR assignments of the new compound are reported. Antifungal activities of the isolated compounds, together with 7-hydroxycoumarin, 4-hydroxycoumarin, and 7-methoxycoumarin, which are known to occur in Rutaceae species, were evaluated by bioautography and microbioassay. Four of the alkaloids had moderate activity against Colletotrichum species, including a benomyl-resistant C. acutatum. These compounds and the furanocoumarins 5- and 8-methoxypsoralen had moderate activity against Fusarium oxysporum. The novel quinolone alkaloid was highly active against Botrytis cinerea. Phomopsis species were much more sensitive to most of the compounds, with P. viticola being highly sensitive to all of the compounds. C1 USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Naples 2, Dept Life Sci, I-81100 Naples, Italy. RP Duke, SO (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, POB 8048, University, MS 38677 USA. EM sduke@ars.usda.gov NR 25 TC 86 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-8561 J9 J AGR FOOD CHEM JI J. Agric. Food Chem. PD FEB 12 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 4 BP 890 EP 896 DI 10.1021/jf0259361 PG 7 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 672QR UT WOS:000182533200011 PM 12568545 ER PT J AU Smith, WK Kelly, RD Welker, JM Fahnestock, JT Reiners, WA Hunt, ER AF Smith, WK Kelly, RD Welker, JM Fahnestock, JT Reiners, WA Hunt, ER TI Leaf-to-aircraft measurements of net CO2 exchange in a sagebrush steppe ecosystem SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE CO2 flux; sagebrush steppe; aircraft; tower; eddy covariance; leaf ID CARBON-DIOXIDE UPTAKE; EDDY COVARIANCE; FLUX DENSITIES; ARCTIC TUNDRA; ENERGY FLUXES; WATER-VAPOR; LONG-TERM; TEMPERATURE; BIOSPHERE; FOREST AB [1] Measurements of net CO2 flux density (mumol m(-2) s(-1)) from a high elevation, sagebrush steppe community in southeastern Wyoming (USA) were compared quantitatively among four different instrument systems (leaf cuvette and 1 m(2) community chamber for gas exchange measurements; tower and aircraft eddy covariance systems) by minimizing spatial and temporal variability. Ground-based flux measurements were recorded at an intensive site located near the midpoint and directly beneath an approximate 20-km flight transect. A high degree of homogeneity in plant species composition, density, cover, and the amount of leaf area per unit ground area, as well as little topographic variability, was measured at the intensive site and along the flight transect. Flux measurements were compared on days with relatively high and low soil moisture availability (predawn plant water potentials >-0.8 MPa and <-2.0 MPa, respectively). Same-day, mean flux values between the four measurement systems (4.0-4.6 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) over identical time intervals (0900-1100 hours) varied by a maximum of +/-9% (maximum range 23%). Ground-level measurements taken within +/-1 day of flight measurements, varied by a minimum of +/-7% (25% maximum range) of aircraft values. This difference increased curvilinearly to a maximum of +/-31% (38% maximum range) for a 2-week separation between flight and ground-based measurements. Thus, under near-ideal conditions of topographic and vegetative homogeneity, temporal heterogeneity in the measurement regime of only a few days resulted in greater disparity in measured CO2 flux density than occurred among the four instrument types. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resources & Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. ARS, USDA, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Smith, WK (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM smithwk@wfu.edu; rkelly@uwyo.edu; jwelker@nrel.colostate.edu; jace@nrel.colostate.edu; erhunt@hydrolab.arsusda.gov RI Welker, Jeffrey/C-9493-2013 NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 12 PY 2003 VL 108 IS D3 AR 4122 DI 10.1029/2002JD002512 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 662FE UT WOS:000181936000005 ER PT J AU Syed, KH Goodrich, DC Myers, DE Sorooshian, S AF Syed, KH Goodrich, DC Myers, DE Sorooshian, S TI Spatial characteristics of thunderstorm rainfall fields and their relation to runoff SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE rainfall; interpolation; watershed runoff; storm geometric parameters ID SAMPLING ERRORS; POINT PROCESSES; AREAL RAINFALL; INTERPOLATION; VARIABILITY; MODEL AB The main aim of this study was to assess the ability of simple geometric measures of thunderstorm rainfall in explaining the runoff response from the watershed. For calculation of storm geometric properties (e.g. areal coverage of storm, areal coverage of the high-intensity portion of the storm, position of storm centroid and the movement of storm centroid in time), spatial information of rainfall is needed. However, generally the rainfall data consists of rainfall depth values over an unevenly spaced network of raingauges. For this study, rainfall depth values were available for 91 raingauges in a watershed of about 148 km(2). There was a question about which interpolation method should be used for obtaining uniformly gridded data. Therefore, a small study was undertaken to compare cross-validation statistics and computed geometric parameters using two interpolation methods (kriging and multiquadric). These interpolation methods were used to estimate precipitation over a uniform 100 m X 100 m grid. The cross-validation results from the two methods were generally similar and neither method consistently performed better than the other did. In view of these results we decided to use multiquadric interpolation method for the rest of the study. Several geometric measures were then computed from interpolated surfaces for about 300 storm events occurring in a 17-year period. The correlation of these computed measures with basin runoff were then observed in an attempt to assess their relative importance in basin runoff response. It was observed that the majority of the storms (observed in the study) covered the entire watershed. Therefore, it was concluded that the areal coverage of storm was not a good indicator of the amount of runoff produced. The areal coverage of the storm core (10-min intensity greater than 25 mm/h), however, was found to be a much better predictor of runoff volume and peak rate. The most important variable in runoff production was found to be the volume of the storm core. It was also observed that the position of the storm core relative to the watershed outlet becomes more important as the catchment size increases, with storms positioned in the central portion of the watershed producing more runoff than those positioned near the outlet or near the head of the watershed. This observation indicates the importance of interaction of catchment size And shape with the spatial storm structure in runoff generation. Antecedent channel wetness was found to be of some importance in explaining runoff for the largest of the three watersheds studied but antecedent watershed wetness did not appreciably contributed to runoff explanation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. USDA ARS, SW Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Math, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Syed, KH (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008; Goodrich, David/B-1763-2009 OI sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113; Goodrich, David/0000-0001-7735-1448 NR 50 TC 99 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD FEB 10 PY 2003 VL 271 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 21 AR PII S0022-1694(02)00311-6 DI 10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00311-6 PG 21 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 640FU UT WOS:000180678400001 ER PT J AU Shelby, RA Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH AF Shelby, RA Shoemaker, CA Klesius, PH TI Development of an immunoassay to measure the humoral immune response of hybrid striped bass Morone chrysops x M-saxatilis SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hybrid striped bass; Morone; immunoglobulin; monoclonal antibody ID TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; STREPTOCOCCUS-INIAE INFECTION; IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT-CHAIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; CHANNEL CATFISH; SUNSHINE BASS; TELEOST FISH; APPLICABILITY; TEMPERATURE AB Hybrid striped bass (HSB) were immunized with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the specific anti-BSA immunoglobulin (Ig) was affinity purified from the resulting serum by means of an agarose gel-BSA column. The native Ig had an apparent molecular size of 893 KDD, by size exclusion chromatography, and when examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) under denaturing conditions, resolved to heavy (H) and light (L) chains of 76 and 27 KDD, respectively. Affinity purified native HSB Ig was used to immunize a goat which produced specific anti-HSB Ig antibody (Ab). Purified native HSB Ig was also used to produce two murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with specific affinities for H and L chain moieties of the HSB Ig molecule. Both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies could be used individually in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure specific anti-BSA Ig in HSB serum. These antibodies could also be used in combination to measure total Ig in a capture ELISA format. Using both assays, the kinetics of the humoral immune response of HSB was measured for 98 days following two injections of BSA. C1 USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. RP Shelby, RA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Aquat Anim Hlth Res Lab, Auburn, AL 36830 USA. EM shelbri@vetmed.auburn.edu NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD FEB 10 PY 2003 VL 91 IS 3-4 BP 217 EP 225 DI 10.1016/S0165-2427(03)00003-5 PG 9 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 650TZ UT WOS:000181280600006 PM 12586484 ER PT J AU Kirschke, CP Huang, LP AF Kirschke, CP Huang, LP TI ZnT7, a novel mammalian zinc transporter, accumulates zinc in the Golgi apparatus SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LETHAL MILK; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CONFERS RESISTANCE; SYNAPTIC VESICLES; GENE ENCODES; PROTEIN; EXPRESSION; MOUSE; FAMILY; CELLS AB ZnT7, a novel member of the zinc transporter (ZnT) family, was identified by searching the expressed sequence tag (EST) databases with the amino acid sequence of ZnT1. Like the other ZnT proteins, the protein (387 amino acids) predicted from this gene contains six transmembrane domains and a histidine-rich loop between transmembrane domains IV and V. We show that Znt7 is widely transcribed in mouse tissues with abundant expression in the liver and small intestine and moderate expression in the kidney, spleen, brain, and lung. An affinity-purified antibody raised against the amino acids 299-315 of mouse ZnT7 specifically reacted with the proteins with apparent molecular masses of 85, 43, and 65 kDa in small intestine and lung tissues by Western blot analysis. Immunofluorescence microscope analysis reveals that ZnT7 is localized in the Golgi apparatus and cytoplasmic vesicles. Exposure of the ZnT7-expressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to zinc causes an accumulation of zinc in the Golgi apparatus, suggesting that ZnT7 facilitates zinc transport from the cytoplasm into the Golgi apparatus. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Rowe Program Genet, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Nutrit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, USDA ARS, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Huang, LP (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Rowe Program Genet, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 32 TC 153 Z9 165 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD FEB 7 PY 2003 VL 278 IS 6 BP 4096 EP 4102 DI 10.1074/jbc.M207644200 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 643PM UT WOS:000180869700075 PM 12446736 ER PT J AU Kato, A Kano, E Adachi, I Molyneux, RJ Watson, AA Nash, RJ Fleet, GWJ Wormald, MR Kizu, H Ikeda, K Asano, N AF Kato, A Kano, E Adachi, I Molyneux, RJ Watson, AA Nash, RJ Fleet, GWJ Wormald, MR Kizu, H Ikeda, K Asano, N TI Australine and related alkaloids: easy structural confirmation by C-13 NMR spectral data and biological activities SO TETRAHEDRON-ASYMMETRY LA English DT Article ID RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PIG-KIDNEY TREHALASE; CASTANOSPERMUM-AUSTRALE; PYRROLIZIDINES; INHIBITION AB The first polyhydroxylated pyrrolizidine alkaloid with a hydroxymethyl group at C-3 was isolated from pods of Alexa leiopetala (Leguminosae) and designated alexine 1. The Australian legume Castanospermum australe is also known to produce the same structural type of pyrrolizidines. There are reports of the isolation of australine (7a-cpi-alexine) 2, 1-epi-australine 3, 3-epi-australine 4, and 7-epi-australine 5 from this plant to date. Their unambiguous syntheses established that the natural product reported as 5 is 2 and the published NMR data for 2 are those of 3. These confusions prompted us to unambiguously confirm the structures and biological activities of australine isomers and related alkaloids. A careful search for polyhydroxylated pyrrolizidines in seeds of C. australe led to the discovery of three new alkaloids, 2,3-diepi-australine 6, 2,3,7-triepi-australine 7, and the 2-O-beta-D-glueopyranoside of 3 (8). Herein, we report the full C-13 NMR assignment of alkaloids 1 8 and the glycosidase inhibitory activities of alkaloids 1-8 together with the highly oxygenated pyrrolizidine, casuarine 9, and its 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranoside 10. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Hokuriku Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201181, Japan. Toyama Med & Pharmaceut Univ, Dept Hosp Pharm, Toyama 9300194, Japan. USDA, ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Mol Nature Ltd, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, Dyfed, Wales. AFRC, Inst Grassland & Environm Res, Welsh Plant Breeding Stn, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, Dyfed, Wales. Univ Oxford, Dyson Perrins Lab, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. Univ Oxford, Dept Biochem, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. RP Asano, N (reprint author), Hokuriku Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Ho 3 Kanagawa Machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9201181, Japan. EM naoki22@po.incl.ne.jp RI Wormald, Mark/G-2785-2011 OI Wormald, Mark/0000-0002-4853-2773 NR 29 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0957-4166 J9 TETRAHEDRON-ASYMMETR JI Tetrahedron: Asymmetry PD FEB 7 PY 2003 VL 14 IS 3 BP 325 EP 331 AR PII S0957-4166(02)00799-1 DI 10.1016/S0957-4166(02)00799-1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 642TK UT WOS:000180820400006 ER PT J AU Nichols, BL Avery, S Sen, P Swallow, DM Hahn, D Sterchi, E AF Nichols, BL Avery, S Sen, P Swallow, DM Hahn, D Sterchi, E TI The maltase-glucoamylase gene: Common ancestry to sucrase-isomaltase with complementary starch digestion activities SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE family 31 glucoside hydrolases; small intestine; granulocyte ID HYDROLASE FAMILY 31; ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE; HOMOLOGY; SEQUENCE; BIOSYNTHESIS; MECHANISM; ENZYMES; DOMAIN; TOOLS; CDNA AB Brush-border maltase-glucoamylase (MGA) activity serves as the final step of small intestinal digestion of linear regions of dietary starch to glucose. Brush-border sucrase-isomaltase (SI) activity is complementary, through digestion of branched starch linkages. Here we report the cloning and sequencing of human MGA gene and demonstrate its close evolutionary relationship to SI. The gene is approximate to82,000 bp long and located at chromosome 7q34. Forty-eight exons were identified. The 5' gene product, when expressed as the N-terminal protein sequence, hydrolyzes maltose and starch, but not sucrose, and is thus distinct from SI. The catalytic residue was identified by mutation of an aspartic acid and was found to be identical with that described for SI. The exon structures of MGA and SI were identical. This homology of genomic structure is even more impressive than the previously reported 59% amino acid sequence identity. The shared exon structures and peptide domains, including proton donors, suggest that MGA and SI evolved by duplication of an ancestral gene, which itself had already undergone tandem gene duplication. The complementary human enzyme activities allow digestion of the starches of plant origin that make up two-thirds of most diets. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Houston, TX 77030 USA. UCL, Galton Lab, Dept Biol, London NW1 2HE, England. Univ Bern, Inst Biochem & Mol Biol, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP Nichols, BL (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM bnichols@bcm.tmc.edu NR 26 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 4 PY 2003 VL 100 IS 3 BP 1432 EP 1437 DI 10.1073/pnas.0237170100 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 642ZU UT WOS:000180838100118 PM 12547908 ER PT J AU Acker, SA Gregory, S Lienkaemper, G McKee, WA Swanson, FJ Miller, SD AF Acker, SA Gregory, S Lienkaemper, G McKee, WA Swanson, FJ Miller, SD TI Composition, complexity, and tree mortality in riparian forests in the central Western Cascades of Oregon SO FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE riparian forests; tree mortality; large wood in streams; flood effects; unconstrained stream reach ID COARSE WOODY DEBRIS; COASTAL-PLAIN; VEGETATION; FLOOD; STREAMS; BIODIVERSITY; MOUNTAINS; PATTERN; ZONES AB Riparian forests contribute to the diversity and function of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. To assess some of these contributions, we compared tree composition, stand complexity, and temporal patterns of tree mortality on permanent plots in seven mature and old-growth stands representing upland forests and forests along low- and mid-order streams in the Western Cascade Range of Oregon. We also assessed recruitment of large wood into stream channels due to tree mortality, both by direct measurement and by estimation from tree mortality and location data. Stands differed in composition due to both stream order and successional stage. Stands on mid-order streams had high abundance of hardwood trees and/or Thuja plicata. Stand complexity (variability in tree diameters, tree life-form diversity, and tree species diversity), was high in stands on mid-order streams and in the upland, old-growth stand. Tree mortality was exceptionally high in six of the seven stands in 1996, the year in which the largest flood during the study occurred. However, only in the one stand on an unconstrained reach of a mid-order stream was mortality primarily due to flooding. Estimated recruitment of wood was much higher from the stand on the unconstrained reach than from the other stands on mid-order streams, suggesting that unconstrained reaches may be important for efforts to maintain or restore large wood in streams. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Olymp Natl Pk, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Boreal Ecol Cooperat Res Unit, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Acker, SA (reprint author), Olymp Natl Pk, 600 E Pk Ave, Port Angeles, WA 98362 USA. EM steve_acker@nps.gov NR 46 TC 30 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1127 J9 FOREST ECOL MANAG JI For. Ecol. Manage. PD FEB 3 PY 2003 VL 173 IS 1-3 BP 293 EP 308 AR PII S0378-1127(02)00005-1 DI 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00005-1 PG 16 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 644BE UT WOS:000180897400022 ER PT J AU Kasanah, N Rao, KV Yousaf, M Wedge, DE Hamann, MT AF Kasanah, N Rao, KV Yousaf, M Wedge, DE Hamann, MT TI The biocatalytic conversion of 8-hydroxymanzamine A to manzamine A SO TETRAHEDRON LETTERS LA English DT Article DE selective dehydroxylation; 8-hydroxymanzamine A; Fusarium solani; Streptomyces seokies ID TRANSFORMATION; ALKALOIDS AB The selective dehydroxylation of 8-hydroxymanzamine A (1) to form manzamine A (2) can be completed by fermentation with Fusarium solani or Streptomyces seokies. This unique biocatalytic conversion is important due to the fact that manzamine A has more desirable biological activity when assayed in a murine model against malaria. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. ARS, USDA, Nat Prod Utilizat Res Unit, Natl Ctr Nat Prod Res, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Hamann, MT (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, Sch Pharm, Dept Pharmacognosy, University, MS 38677 USA. EM mthamann@olemiss.edu NR 7 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0040-4039 J9 TETRAHEDRON LETT JI Tetrahedron Lett. PD FEB 3 PY 2003 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1291 EP 1293 AR PII S0040-4039(02)02816-2 DI 10.1016/S0040-4039(02)02816-2 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 641EG UT WOS:000180731300042 ER PT J AU Fehmi, JS Karn, JF Ries, RE Hendrickson, JR Hanson, JD AF Fehmi, JS Karn, JF Ries, RE Hendrickson, JR Hanson, JD TI Cattle grazing behavior with season-long free-choice access to four forage types (vol 29, pg 78, 2002) SO APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE LA English DT Correction C1 USDA ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. RP Fehmi, JS (reprint author), USA, Construct Engn Res Lab, ERDC, Ecol Proc Branch, 2902 Newmark Dr, Champaign, IL 61826 USA. OI Fehmi, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0618-9740 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1591 J9 APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI JI Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. PD FEB 2 PY 2003 VL 80 IS 2 BP 171 EP 172 AR PII S0168-1591(02)00191-0 DI 10.1016/S0168-1591(02)00191-0 PG 2 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences SC Agriculture; Behavioral Sciences; Veterinary Sciences GA 634UH UT WOS:000180359400007 ER PT J AU Crow, WT Wood, EF AF Crow, WT Wood, EF TI The assimilation of remotely sensed soil brightness temperature imagery into a land surface model using Ensemble Kalman filtering: a case study based on ESTAR measurements during SGP97 SO ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE data assimilation; land surface modeling; microwave remote sensing; soil moisture ID SEQUENTIAL DATA ASSIMILATION; SPATIALLY-VARIABLE WATER; ENERGY-BALANCE PROCESSES; MOISTURE; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; RADIOBRIGHTNESS; PRECIPITATION; PROFILE; SCHEME; PLANT AB An Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is used to assimilate airborne measurements of 1.4 GHz surface brightness temperature (TB) acquired during the 1997 Southern Great Plains Hydrology Experiment (SGP97) into the TOPMODEL-based Land-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (TOPLATS). In this way, the potential of using EnKF-assimilated remote measurements of T-B to compensate land surface model predictions for errors arising from a climatological description of rainfall is assessed. The use of a real remotely sensed data source allows for a more complete examination of the challenges faced in implementing assimilation strategies than previous studies where observations were synthetically generated. Results demonstrate that the EnKF is an effective and computationally competitive strategy for the assimilation of remotely sensed T-B measurements into land surface models. The EnKF is capable of extracting spatial and temporal trends in root-zone (40 cm) soil water content from T-B measurements based solely on surface (5 cm.) conditions. The accuracy of surface state and flux predictions made with the EnKF, ESTAR T-B measurements, and climatological rainfall data within the Central Facility site during SGP97 are shown to be superior to predictions derived from open loop modeling driven by sparse temporal sampling of rainfall at frequencies consistent with expectations of future missions designed to measure rainfall from space (6-10 observations per day). Specific assimilation challenges posed by inadequacies in land surface model physics and spatial support contrasts between model predictions and sensor retrievals are discussed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Environm Engn & Water Resources Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Crow, WT (reprint author), USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. OI Wood, Eric/0000-0001-7037-9675 NR 41 TC 208 Z9 235 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1708 J9 ADV WATER RESOUR JI Adv. Water Resour. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 26 IS 2 BP 137 EP 149 AR PII S0309-1708(02)00088-X DI 10.1016/S0309-1708(02)00088-X PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 636VQ UT WOS:000180478300002 ER PT J AU Leyva, KJ Clancy, KM Price, PW AF Leyva, KJ Clancy, KM Price, PW TI Oviposition strategies employed by the western spruce budworm: tests of predictions from the phylogenetic constraints hypothesis SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Choristoneura occidentalis; egg retention; oviposition strategies; Phylogenetic Constraints Hypothesis; western spruce budworm ID SPITTLEBUG DEOIS-FLAVOPICTA; DOUGLAS-FIR FOLIAGE; LARVAL PERFORMANCE; CHORISTONEURA-OCCIDENTALIS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; LEPIDOPTERA; PREFERENCE; TORTRICIDAE; AGE; HYMENOPTERA AB 1 Predictions from the Phylogenetic Constraints Hypothesis were tested for the first time in an eruptive forest Lepidopteran species, the western spruce budworm. 2 In previous work, we established that western spruce budworm females exhibit oviposition preferences with regard to tree age, tree vigour and host species. However, there was no evidence to support a link between oviposition preference and larval performance, which supports the Phylogenetic Constraints Hypothesis. 3 Our preference data led us to test whether female budworms use oviposition strategies to select the sites where they lay their egg masses. Our experiments were designed to make direct comparisons between latent and eruptive insect herbivores with respect to two oviposition behaviours: egg retention and avoidance of conspecifics. This type of research has not previously been conducted on any eruptive forest Lepidopteran. 4 Female budworms retained eggs instead of laying them on less preferred hosts in two of three experiments, but the percentage of eggs they retained was significantly less compared to latent insect herbivores. 5 In addition, female budworms actively avoided oviposition in areas with the highest density of conspecific egg masses, but they laid egg masses in all the other locations provided. This contrasts with the pattern seen in latent insect herbivores, which consistently avoid laying their eggs near any sites already used by conspecifics. 6 Our research indicates that there are extreme differences between latent and eruptive insect herbivores with respect to egg retention and avoidance of conspecifics, thus supporting the Phylogenetic Constraints Hypothesis. C1 No Arizona Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. USDA, Forest Serv Res & Dev, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Leyva, KJ (reprint author), Midwestern Univ, 19555 N 59th Ave, Glendale, AZ 85308 USA. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-9555 J9 AGRIC FOR ENTOMOL JI Agric. For. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 5 IS 1 BP 9 EP 16 DI 10.1046/j.1461-9563.2003.00157.x PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 681BT UT WOS:000183017500002 ER PT J AU Coble, KH Zuniga, M Heifner, R AF Coble, KH Zuniga, M Heifner, R TI Evaluation of the interaction of risk management tools for cotton and soybeans SO AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE crop insurance; futures; options; risk; optimal hedging ID CROP INSURANCE; OPTIONS; YIELD; FUTURES AB The interaction of alternative insurance designs with futures hedging and the purchase of options is examined in this article. A numerical analysis is conducted using a revenue simulation model that incorporates futures prices, basis, and yield variability. Four alternative yield and revenue crop insurance designs are evaluated. Optimal futures and at-the-money put option hedge ratios are derived for expected utility maximizing cotton and soybean producers. Our findings indicate that the alternative insurance designs do influence forward pricing levels. Alternative behavioral assumptions are shown to influence the optimal hedge. Also, yield insurance generally compliments forward pricing while pure revenue insurance generally has a negative effect. Other insurance designs currently offered have an effect on the optimal hedge that falls between the two extremes of yield insurance and pure revenue insurance. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. USDA, Serv Econ Res, Louisville, KY 40245 USA. RP Coble, KH (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, 321 Lloyd Ricks, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RI Coble, Keith/A-3090-2008 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-521X J9 AGR SYST JI Agric. Syst. PD FEB-MAR PY 2003 VL 75 IS 2-3 BP 323 EP 340 AR PII S0308-521X(02)00073-2 DI 10.1016/S0308-521X(02)00073-2 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary SC Agriculture GA 642RK UT WOS:000180802800012 ER PT J AU Mendonca, ES Stott, DE AF Mendonca, ES Stott, DE TI Characteristics and decomposition rates of pruning residues from a shaded coffee system in Southeastern Brazil SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE century simulation; lignin; nitrogen; shaded perennial system; tropical trees ID LITTER DECOMPOSITION; LEAVES; NITROGEN; AGROFORESTRY; SOIL; MINERALIZATION; LEGUMES; QUALITY; RELEASE; PLANTS AB In the Zona da Mata Mineira of Southeastern Brazil the development of sustainable land requires the integration of crops with trees. The objectives of this study then were to (i) characterize prunings from the main tree species in an agroforestry system; (ii) determine the effects of the physical and chemical characteristics of the prunings on their decomposition patterns in the laboratory; (iii) assess the effect of mixing leaves of different species on decomposition rates; and (iv) propose a decomposition index for the residues studied. The study was carried out with pruning residues from Cajanus cajan, Solanum variable, Cassia ferruginea, Piptadenia gonoacantha, Croton urucurana, and Melinis multiflora. The materials were characterized for total C, N, P, Ca, Mg and K contents; lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and soluble polyphenols contents. The pruning residues had high polyphenols and lignin contents, high C: N and C: P ratios, and low contents of Ca, Mg, and K. The low decomposition rates of the prunings were related to the P, K, hemicellulose and polyphenol contents. The rates of N mineralization from most of the residues indicate that there is a potential to supply the needs of a crop of maize. The residues of some species, if decomposed alone, would not supply sufficient nutrients, and need to be mixed with leaves of other species. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Solos, BR-36570001 Vicosa, MG, Brazil. RP Mendonca, ES (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Soil Eros Res Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RI Stott, Diane/A-1270-2010 OI Stott, Diane/0000-0002-6397-3315 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 57 IS 2 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1023/A:1023900822261 PG 9 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 684JA UT WOS:000183200700005 ER PT J AU Hou, QJ Brandle, J Hubbard, K Schoeneberger, M Nieto, C Francis, C AF Hou, QJ Brandle, J Hubbard, K Schoeneberger, M Nieto, C Francis, C TI Alteration of soil water content consequent to root-pruning at a windbreak/crop interface in Nebraska, USA SO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE belowground competition; root-pruning; shading; soil water; TDR; windbreak AB Root-pruning is generally recommended as an appropriate treatment to reduce competition for soil water and/or nutrients and suppression of crop yield in areas adjacent to windbreaks. Several recent studies suggest, however, that factors other than soil water might be causing yield reduction at the interface. For two consecutive years, we evaluated root-pruning effects on soil water at the windbreak/crop interface under both cropped (soybean [Glycine max(L) Merr.] variety 'Iroquois', 1997) and non-cropped (1998) conditions in Mead, Nebraska, USA. Volumetric soil water content near the windbreaks was systematically measured at various soil depths, distances from the windbreak, and windbreak exposures using Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR). Overall differences in soil water content between root-pruned and non-pruned plots in soybean were smaller in magnitude at all distances in both the west (windbreak on the east side) and the east (windbreak on the west side) exposures in 1997, compared with the non-cropped condition in the south exposure in 1998. With a soybean crop in 1997, volumetric soil water content in the east exposure averaged 2.3% greater in the top 30 cm of the soil profile at a distance of 0.75H (H=windbreak height) into the field from the windbreak when compared to the non-pruned treatment. In the west exposure, however, the differences were undetectable at corresponding distance and depth. The increase in soybean yield in root-pruned plots corresponded well with the observed differences in soil water content at various distances, especially in the east exposure. Under a non-cropped condition in 1998, soil water content in the root-pruned plots was significantly greater than the non-pruned plots in the top 45-cm profile, averaging 3.3% at 0.75H and 2.2% at 1.0H. Beyond 1.0H, the increase was not significant. These results agree with the previously reported range of crop yield suppression near windbreaks, indicating that soil water competition between the crop and windbreak is highly related to, and probably plays a leading role in yield suppression within the competition zone. C1 Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. UNL, USDA, Natl Agroforestry Ctr, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. INIAP, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Nebraska, Dept Agron & Hort, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Brandle, J (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resource Sci, 102 Plant Ind, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-4366 J9 AGROFOREST SYST JI Agrofor. Syst. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 57 IS 2 BP 137 EP 147 DI 10.1023/A:1023977316170 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry SC Agriculture; Forestry GA 684JA UT WOS:000183200700007 ER PT J AU Rankin, WT Lewis, NG AF Rankin, WT Lewis, NG TI Trenoids: An ecological simulation SO AMERICAN BIOLOGY TEACHER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, Highlands, NC 28741 USA. Environm Educ Assoc Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35801 USA. RP Rankin, WT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Highlands, NC 28741 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ASSOC BIOLOGY TEACHERS INC PI RESTON PA 12030 SUNRISE VALLEY DR, #110, RESTON, VA 20191 USA SN 0002-7685 J9 AM BIOL TEACH JI Am. Biol. Teach. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 65 IS 2 BP 122 EP 127 PG 6 WC Biology; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Education & Educational Research GA 646RP UT WOS:000181048300007 ER PT J AU Yuceer, C Land, SB Kubiske, ME Harkess, RL AF Yuceer, C Land, SB Kubiske, ME Harkess, RL TI Shoot morphogenesis associated with flowering in Populus deltoides (Salicaceae) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY LA English DT Article DE bud differentiation; eastern cottonwood; Populus deltoides; Salicaceae ID ARABIDOPSIS; VERNALIZATION AB Temporal and spatial formation and differentiation of axillary buds in developing shoots of mature eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) were investigated. Shoots sequentially initiate early vegetative, floral, and late vegetative buds. Associated with these buds is the formation of three distinct leaf types. In May of the first growing season, the first type begins forming in terminal buds and overwinters as relatively developed foliar structures. These leaves bear early vegetative buds in their axils. The second type forms late in the first growing season in terminal buds. These leaves form floral buds in their axils the second growing season. The floral bud meristems initiate scale leaves in April and begin forming floral meristems in the axils of the bracts in May. The floral meristems subsequently form floral organs by the end of the second growing season. The floral buds over winter with floral organs, and anthesis occurs in the third growing season. The third type of leaf forms and develops entirely outside the terminal buds in the second growing season. These leaves bear the late vegetative buds in their axils. On the basis of these and other supporting data, we hypothesize a 3-yr flowering cycle as opposed to the traditional 2-yr cycle in eastern cottonwood. C1 Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. RP Harkess, RL (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU BOTANICAL SOC AMER INC PI COLUMBUS PA OHIO STATE UNIV-DEPT BOTANY, 1735 NEIL AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA SN 0002-9122 J9 AM J BOT JI Am. J. Bot. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 90 IS 2 BP 196 EP 206 DI 10.3732/ajb.90.2.196 PG 11 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 683DR UT WOS:000183132900004 PM 21659109 ER PT J AU Sun, SS Chumlea, WC Heymsfield, SB Lukaski, HC Schoeller, D Friedl, K Kuczmarski, RJ Flegal, KM Johnson, CL Hubbard, VS AF Sun, SS Chumlea, WC Heymsfield, SB Lukaski, HC Schoeller, D Friedl, K Kuczmarski, RJ Flegal, KM Johnson, CL Hubbard, VS TI Development of bioelectrical impedance analysis prediction equations for body composition with the use of a multicomponent model for use in epidemiologic surveys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE bioelectrical impedance analysis; prediction equations; total body water; fat-free mass; multicomponent model; epidemiologic surveys ID FAT-FREE MASS; CROSS-VALIDATION; WATER; AGE; CHILDREN; NUTRITION; HEALTH AB Background: Previous studies to develop and validate bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) equations to predict body composition were limited by small sample sizes, sex specificity, and reliance on reference methods that use a 2-component model. Objective: This study was designed to develop sex-specific BIA equations to predict total body water (TBW) and fat-free mass (FFM) with the use of a multicomponent model for children and adults. Design: Data from 5 centers were pooled to create a sample of 1474 whites and 355 blacks aged 12-94 y. TBW was measured by dilution, and FFM was estimated with a multicomponent model based on densitometry, isotope dilution, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: The final race-combined TBW prediction equations included stature(2)/resistance and body weight (R-2 = 0.84 and 0.79 and root mean square errors of 3.8 and 2.6 L for males and females, respectively; CV: 8%) and tended to underpredict TBW in black males (2.0 L) and females (1.4 L) and to over-predict TBW in white males (0.5 L) and females (0.3 L). The race-combined FFM prediction equations contained the same independent variables (R-2 = 0.90 and 0.83 and root mean square errors of 3.9 and 2.9 kg for males and females, respectively; CV: approximate to6%) and tended to underpredict FFM in black males (2.1 kg) and females (1.6 kg) and to overpredict FFM in white males (0.4 kg) and females (0.3 kg). Conclusion: These equations have excellent precision and are recommended for use in epidemiologic studies to describe normal levels of body composition. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NIDDKD, Div Nutr Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Div Digest Dis & Nutr, Frederick, MD USA. Mil Med Res & Mat Command, Mil Operat Med Program, Frederick, MD USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. Columbia Univ, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, Obes Res Ctr, New York, NY USA. Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Community Hlth, Dayton, OH USA. RP Sun, SS (reprint author), Lifespan Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Community Hlth, 3171 Res Blvd, Kettering, OH 45420 USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X; Friedl, Karl/0000-0002-3134-8427 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 27063, HD 13404, HD 12252] NR 36 TC 282 Z9 293 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 77 IS 2 BP 331 EP 340 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 637LG UT WOS:000180512200010 PM 12540391 ER PT J AU Treuth, MS Sunehag, AL Trautwein, LM Bier, DM Haymond, MW Butte, NF AF Treuth, MS Sunehag, AL Trautwein, LM Bier, DM Haymond, MW Butte, NF TI Metabolic adaptation to high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets in children and adolescents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE substrate utilization; energy expenditure; fat oxidation; carbohydrate utilization; fructose; children; adolescents ID ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; SUBSTRATE OXIDATION; BODY-COMPOSITION; FRUCTOSE; GLUCOSE; THERMOGENESIS; BALANCE; HUMANS; WEIGHT; OBESE AB Background: Difficulty adapting to high-fat (HF) and high-carbohydrate (HC) diets may predispose children to obesity and diabetes. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that children have metabolic flexibility to adapt to HF and HC diets. Design: In protocol 1, 12 children aged 6-9 y and 12 adolescents aged 13-16 y were randomly assigned in a crossover design to consume low-fat (LF), HC (25% and 60% of energy, respectively) or HF, low-carbohydrate (LC) (55% and 30% of energy, respectively) diets. In protocol 2, 12 adolescents aged 13-16 y were randomly assigned in a crossover design to consume an LF-HC diet with 11% or 40% of carbohydrate as fructose. Total energy expenditure, nonprotein respiratory quotients (NPRQs), and substrate utilization were measured by using 24-h calorimetry. Effects of sex, puberty, body fat (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), intraabdominal fat (magnetic resonance imaging), and fitness on substrate utilization were tested. Results: Substrate utilization was not affected by puberty, body fat, intraabdominal fat, or fitness. Total energy expenditure was not affected by diet. In protocol 1, NPRQs and carbohydrate and fat utilization were significantly affected by diet (P = 0.001) and sex (P = 0.005). NPRQs and carbohydrate utilization increased with the LF-HC diet. NPRQs decreased and fat utilization increased with the HF-LC diet; changes in substrate utilization were less pronounced in females than in males. In protocol 2, 24-h NPRQs and 24-h substrate utilization were not significantly affected by fructose, although net carbohydrate and fat utilization were significantly lower and higher, respectively, with the high-fructose diet during fasting (P = 0.01) and in the subsequent feeding period (P = 0.05). Conclusion: Healthy, nonobese children and adolescents adapt appropriately to BF and HC diets. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Treuth, MS (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, USDA ARS, Dept Pediat, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 77 IS 2 BP 479 EP 489 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 637LG UT WOS:000180512200030 PM 12540411 ER PT J AU Wang, MC Crawford, PB Hudes, M Van Loan, M Siemering, K Bachrach, LK AF Wang, MC Crawford, PB Hudes, M Van Loan, M Siemering, K Bachrach, LK TI Diet in midpuberty and sedentary activity in prepuberty predict peak bone mass SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Congress of Nutrition CY OCT 27-31, 2001 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA DE diet; calcium; physical activity; television viewing; puberty; peak bone mass; adolescents ID YOUNG-ADULT WOMEN; CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION; MINERAL DENSITY; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; QUANTITATIVE ULTRASOUND; ADOLESCENT GIRLS; SEXUAL-MATURATION; TRABECULAR BONE; PROTEIN-INTAKE; DOUBLE-BLIND AB Background: An average daily calcium intake of 1300 mg is recommended for North American adolescents aged 9-18 y. However, questions remain about these recommendations. Objective: We assessed whether there is a stage of puberty when dietary calcium is more strongly related to peak bone mass, as indicated by young adult bone mass (YABM); whether dietary calcium intake > 1000 mg/d in adolescence is associated with higher YABM; and whether race affects any of these associations between dietary calcium and YABM. Secondarily, we evaluated relations between sedentariness and YABM. Design: In a retrospective cohort study, we recruited 693 black and white women aged 21-24 y who had participated in the 10-y National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study and measured YABM with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Dietary calcium and sedentary activity data, gathered through 3-d food records and self-reports of television-video viewing at 8 annual examinations, were averaged over 3 pubertal stages. Complete data were available from 161 black and 180 white females. Multiple regression, controlling for race, weight, and height, was applied to assess diet and activity relations with YABM. Results: Dietary calcium was most strongly associated with YABM in midpuberty. Calcium intake > 1000 mg/d was associated with higher YABM, but this association was not significant at all skeletal sites. Race did not affect the observed relations between calcium and YABM. Sedentary activity in prepuberty was inversely associated with YABM. Conclusions: Interventions should focus on ensuring adequate calcium intake in midpuberty and on minimizing sedentariness in prepuberty. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nutrit Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USDA, Western Human Nutr Res Ctr, Davis, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Wang, MC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 140 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N0-HC 55023-26, UO1-HL48941-44]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01-HD36590] NR 63 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 77 IS 2 BP 495 EP 503 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 637LG UT WOS:000180512200032 PM 12540413 ER PT J AU Booth, SL Broe, KE Gagnon, DR Tucker, KL Hannan, M McLean, RR Daawson-Hughes, B Wilson, PWF Cupples, L Kiel, DP AF Booth, SL Broe, KE Gagnon, DR Tucker, KL Hannan, M McLean, RR Daawson-Hughes, B Wilson, PWF Cupples, L Kiel, DP TI Vitamin K intake and bone mineral density in women and men SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE vitamin K intake; bone mineral density; hip; spine; Framingham Heart Study ID SERUM UNDERCARBOXYLATED OSTEOCALCIN; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY SCALE; HIP FRACTURE; ELDERLY WOMEN; OSTEOPOROSIS; RISK; PASE; VALIDITY; ADULTS; HEALTH AB Background: Low dietary vitamin K intake has been associated with as increased risk of hip fracture in men and women. Few data exist on the association between dietary vitamin K intake and bone mineral density (BMD). Objective: We studied cross-sectional associations between self-reported dietary vitamin K intake and BMD of the hip and spine in men and women aged 29-86 y. Design: BMD was measured at the hip and spine in 1112 men and 1479 women ((x) over bar +/- SD age: 59 +/- 9 y) who participated in the Framingham Heart Study (1996-2000). Dietary and supplemental intakes of vitamin K were assessed with the use of a food-frequency questionnaire. Additional covariates included age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, physical activity score, and menopause status and current estrogen use among the women. Results: Women in the lowest quartile of vitamin K intake ((x) over bar: 70.2 mug/d) had significantly (P less than or equal to 0.005) lower mean (+/-SEM) BMD at the femoral neck (0.854 +/- 0.006 g/cm(2)) and spine (1.140 +/- 0.010 g/cm(2)) than did those in the highest quartile of vitamin K intake ((x) over bar: 309 mug/d): 0.888 +/- 0.006 and 1.190 +/- 0.010 g/cm(2), respectively. These associations remained after potential confounders were controlled for and after stratification by age or supplement use. No significant association was found between dietary vitamin K intake and BMD in men. Conclusions: Low dietary vitamin K intake was associated with low BMD in women, consistent with previous reports that low dietary vitamin K intake: is associated with an increased risk of hip fracture. In contrast, there was no association between dietary vitamin K intake and BMD in men. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Hebrew Rehabil Ctr Aged Res, Div Aging, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Training Inst, Div Aging, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NHLBI, Framingham, MA USA. RP Booth, SL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RI Tucker, Katherine/A-4545-2010; OI Kiel, Douglas/0000-0001-8474-0310; Tucker, Katherine/0000-0001-7640-662X FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-38038]; NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR/AG 41398] NR 25 TC 110 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 77 IS 2 BP 512 EP 516 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 637LG UT WOS:000180512200034 PM 12540415 ER PT J AU Friedman, AN Bostom, AG Laliberty, P Selhub, J Shemin, D AF Friedman, AN Bostom, AG Laliberty, P Selhub, J Shemin, D TI The effect of N-acetylcysteine on plasma total homocysteine levels in hemodialysis: A randomized, controlled study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE N-acetylcysteine (NAC); dialysis; homocysteine; cardiovascular ID CHRONIC RENAL-DISEASE; FOLIC-ACID; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; DIALYSIS; THERAPY AB Background: The chronic hemodialysis population has an accelerated rate of cardiovascular morbidity and death. Furthermore, elevated levels of the putative atherothrombotic risk factor homocysteine are almost ubiquitous in this population. Attempts to normalize elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels in dialysis patients using pharmacological-dose vitamin therapy or other strategies generally have been unsuccessful. Preliminary uncontrolled evidence suggests that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may be an effective tHcy-lowering agent. We designed a randomized placebo-controlled study to determine the effect of prolonged oral NAC therapy on lowering tHcy levels in vitamin-replete chronic hemodialysis patients. Methods: Thirty-eight subjects were treated before intervention with a standard dialysis vitamin supplement to ensure a uniform vitamin-replete state. They were then block randomized to treatment with NAC, 1.2 g twice a day, for 4 weeks or matched placebo. Results: There were no significant baseline differences between the two groups, although differences in pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (active form of vitamin B-6) levels approached significance (P = 0.06). In a paired analysis, there was no statistically significant difference between the NAC and placebo groups. NAC was very well tolerated in hemodialysis patients. Conclusion: This randomized placebo-controlled trial found that chronic oral NAC therapy did not significantly reduce tHcy levels in hemodialysis patients. Although a larger sample size theoretically could have increased the statistical significance between groups, implications of the potentially very modest reduction in tHcy levels are not yet known. Finally, based on this limited study, NAC appears to be a safe and well-tolerated therapy in the hemodialysis population. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Div Nephrol, Indianapolis, IN USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Renal Dis, Providence, RI USA. Rhode Isl Renal Inst, Warwick, England. RP Friedman, AN (reprint author), 1481 W 10th St,111N, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. NR 23 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 41 IS 2 BP 442 EP 446 DI 10.1053/ajkd.2003.50054 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 642EE UT WOS:000180790600021 PM 12552508 ER PT J AU Friedman, AN Miskulin, DC Rosenberg, IH Levey, AS AF Friedman, AN Miskulin, DC Rosenberg, IH Levey, AS TI Demographics and trends in overweight and obesity in patients at time of kidney transplantation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article DE chronic kidney disease (CKD); transplant; body mass index (BMI); overweight; obesity; malnutrition ID BODY-MASS INDEX; MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; RENAL-TRANSPLANTATION; WEIGHT-GAIN; RISK FACTOR; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; UNITED-STATES; US ADULTS; MORTALITY AB Background: The epidemic of overweight and obesity is one of the most serious public health problems in the United States, although information regarding its effect on chronic kidney transplant patients is sparse. The authors describe the prevalence, demographics, and trends in overweight and obesity at the time of kidney transplantation. Methods: Data were obtained from a national transplant database that included all kidney transplants since 1987. Body mass indices (BMI) at time of transplantation were stratified by demographic categories and year. Trends of overweight and obesity between the general population and subjects undergoing kidney transplantation were compared. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify variables associated with increased likelihood of being obese. Results: The majority (60%) of subjects at time of transplantation currently are overweight or obese. Between 1987 and 2001, the proportion of obese transplant recipients rose by 116%. The rate of increase was grossly similar to that in the general population. The likelihood of being obese increased with age, female sex, noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, black race, and the more recent the transplant year. Conversely, the proportion of recipients with lower BMI fell by approximately 50%. Conclusions: Overweight and obesity are very prevalent at the time of kidney transplantation and are eclipsing protein-energy malnutrition as the more common nutritional illness. This may have profound negative effects on patient and allograft outcomes. Nephrologists may need to reexamine traditional notions of nutritional disease and therapeutic strategies to more effectively deal with this formidable challenge. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Div Nephrol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Div Nephrol, Boston, MA USA. RP Friedman, AN (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Div Nephrol, 1481 W 10th St,111 N, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. NR 52 TC 132 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 41 IS 2 BP 480 EP 487 DI 10.1053/ajkd.2003.50059 PG 8 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 642EE UT WOS:000180790600026 PM 12552513 ER PT J AU Bush, JA Burrin, DG Suryawan, A O'Connor, PMJ Nguyen, HV Reeds, PJ Steele, NC Van Goudoever, JB Davis, TA AF Bush, JA Burrin, DG Suryawan, A O'Connor, PMJ Nguyen, HV Reeds, PJ Steele, NC Van Goudoever, JB Davis, TA TI Somatotropin-induced protein anabolism in hindquarters and portal-drained viscera of growing pigs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE growth hormone; protein synthesis; protein degradation; amino acid kinetics; muscle ID RECOMBINANT PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN; GROWTH-HORMONE; WHOLE-BODY; AMINO-ACID; DIETARY-PROTEIN; ACCRETION RATES; BOVINE SOMATOTROPIN; LIPID-METABOLISM; NITRIC-OXIDE; YOUNG-PIGS AB To differentiate the effect of somatotropin (ST) treatment on protein metabolism in the hindquarter (HQ) and portal-drained viscera (PDV), growing swine (n=20) treated with ST (0 or 150 mug.kg(-1).day(-1)) for 7 days were infused intravenously with (NaHCO3)-C-13 and [H-2(5)] phenylalanine and enterally with [1-C-13] phenylalanine while in the fed state. Arterial, portal venous, and vena cava whole blood samples, breath samples, and blood flow measurements were obtained for determination of tissue and whole body phenylalanine kinetics under steady-state conditions. In the fed state, ST treatment decreased whole body phenylalanine flux, oxidation, and protein degradation without altering protein synthesis, resulting in an improvement in whole body net protein balance. Blood flow to the HQ (+80%), but not to the PDV, was increased with ST treatment. In the HQ and PDV, ST increased phenylalanine uptake (+44 and +23%, respectively) and protein synthesis (+43 and +41%, respectively), with no effect on protein degradation. In ST-treated and control pigs, phenylalanine was oxidized in the PDV (34-43% of enteral and arterial sources) but not the HQ. In both treatment groups, dietary (40%) rather than arterial (10%) extraction of phenylalanine predominated in gut amino acid metabolism, whereas localized blood flow influenced HQ amino acid metabolism. The results indicate that ST increases protein anabolism in young, growing swine by increasing protein synthesis in the HQ and PDV, with no effect on protein degradation. Differing results between the whole body and the HQ and PDV suggest that the effect of ST treatment on protein metabolism is tissue specific. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. ARS, USDA, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Davis, TA (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat, USDA ARS, Childrens Nutr Res Ctr, 1100 Bates St, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR044474]; NICHD NIH HHS [T32-HD-07445] NR 51 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0193-1849 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 284 IS 2 BP E302 EP E312 DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00309.2002 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology GA 635LN UT WOS:000180400500007 PM 12388127 ER PT J AU Gomez, RM Levander, OA Sterin-Borda, L AF Gomez, RM Levander, OA Sterin-Borda, L TI Reduced inotropic heart response in selenium-deficient mice relates with inducible nitric oxide synthase SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; cardiomyopathy; isoproterenol; Keshan disease ID NF-KAPPA-B; MYOCARDIAL-FUNCTION; RAT-HEART; DISEASE; SYSTEM; NO; ANTIOXIDANTS; INACTIVATION; SENSITIVITY; MACROPHAGES AB Atria from mice fed a selenium-deficient (Se-) diet have a diminished beta-adrenoceptor-inotropic cardiac response to isoproterenol or norepinephrine compared with atria from mice fed the same diet supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg Se as sodium selenite (Se+). This diminished response could be reversed by feeding Se- mice the Se+ diet for 1 wk or by pretreatment with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors such as N-G-monomethyl-L-arginine or aminopyridine. Elevated serum concentrations of nitrite/nitrate as well as a threefold increase in the atrial NOS activity were seen in the Se- versus Se+ mice. Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence indicated an enhanced expression of inducible NOS in hearts from Se- mice. Increased expression and activity of NOS and increased nitrite/nitrate levels from Se- mice correlated with an impaired response to beta-adrenoceptor inotropic cardiac stimulation. Elevated nitric oxide levels may account for some of the pathophysiological effects of Se deficiency on the heart. C1 Univ Buenos Aires, Catedra Farmacol, Fac Odontol, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-1122 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. USDA ARS, Dept Agr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Sterin-Borda, L (reprint author), Univ Buenos Aires, Pharmacol Unit, Sch Dent, Marcelo T Alvear 2142,4 B 1122AAH, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM leo@farmaco.odon.uba.ar NR 47 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0363-6135 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-HEART C JI Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circul. Physiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 284 IS 2 BP H442 EP H448 DI 10.1152/ajpheart.00560.2002 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Physiology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Physiology GA 635LQ UT WOS:000180400800003 PM 12529255 ER PT J AU Cronin, MA Patton, JC Balmysheva, N MacNeil, MD AF Cronin, MA Patton, JC Balmysheva, N MacNeil, MD TI Genetic variation in caribou and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE caribou; genetic variation; microsatellite DNA; Rangifer; reindeer ID MICROSATELLITE LOCI; BOVINE; DNA; CATTLE; ALASKA; NORTH; ARTIODACTYLS; POPULATION; ORIGIN; GROWTH AB Genetic variation at seven microsatellite DNA loci was quantified in 19 herds of wild caribou and domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus ) from North America, Scandinavia and Russia. There is an average of 2.0-6.6 alleles per locus and observed individual heterozygosity of 0.33-0.50 in most herds. A herd on Svalbard Island, Scandinavia, is an exception, with relatively few alleles and low heterozygosity. The Central Arctic, Western Arctic and Porcupine River caribou herds in Alaska have similar allele frequencies and comprise one breeding population. Domestic reindeer in Alaska originated from transplants from Siberia, Russia, more than 100 years ago. Reindeer in Alaska and Siberia have different allele frequencies at several loci, but a relatively low level of genetic differentiation. Wild caribou and domestic reindeer in Alaska have significantly different allele frequencies at the seven loci, indicating that gene flow between reindeer and caribou in Alaska has been limited. C1 LG Alaska Res Associates Inc, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. Univ Alaska, Sch Agr & Land Resources Management, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, College Stn, TX USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol Problems N, Far E Div, Magadan, Russia. ARS, USDA, Ft Keogh Livestock & Range Res Lab, Miles City, MT USA. RP Cronin, MA (reprint author), LG Alaska Res Associates Inc, 1101 E 76th Ave,Suite B, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RI MacNeil, Michael/A-6772-2009 NR 36 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1 BP 33 EP 41 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2003.00927.x PG 9 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 642JK UT WOS:000180800200005 PM 12580784 ER PT J AU Nonneman, DJ Rohrer, GA AF Nonneman, DJ Rohrer, GA TI Comparative mapping of a region on chromosome 10 containing QTL for reproduction in swine SO ANIMAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE comparative map; microsatellite; porcine chromosome 10; SNP ID GENOME SCAN; IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION; MAP; RESOURCE; LIBRARY; PIG AB Several quantitative trait loci (QTL) for important reproductive traits (age of puberty, ovulation rate, nipple number and plasma FSH) have been identified on the long arm of porcine chromosome 10. Bi-directional chromosome painting has shown that this region is homologous to human chromosome 10p. Because few microsatellite or type I markers have been placed on SSC10, we wanted to increase the density of known ESTs mapped in this region of the porcine genome. Genes were chosen for their position on human chromosome 10, sequence availability from the TIGR pig gene indices, and their potential as a candidate gene. The PCR primers were designed to amplify across introns or 3'-UTR to maximize single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery. Parents of the mapping population (one sire and seven dams) were amplified and sequenced to find informative markers. The SNPs were genotyped using primer extension and mass spectrometry. These amplification products were also used to probe a BAC library (RPCI-44, Roswell Park Cancer Institute) for positive clones and screened for microsatellites. Six genes from human chromosome 10p (AKR1C2 , PRKCQ , ITIH2 , ATP5C1 , PIP5K2A and GAD2 ) were mapped in the MARC swine mapping population. Gene order was conserved within these markers from centromere to telomere of porcine chromosome 10q, as compared with human chromosome 10p. Four of these genes (PIP5K2A , ITIH2 , GAD2 and AKR1C2 ), which map under QTL, are potential candidate genes. Identification of porcine homologues near important QTL and development of a comparative map for this chromosome will allow further fine- mapping and positional cloning of candidate genes affecting reproductive traits. C1 ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Nonneman, DJ (reprint author), ARS, USDA, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, POB 166,Spur 18D, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0268-9146 J9 ANIM GENET JI Anim. Genet. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1 BP 42 EP 46 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2003.00928.x PG 5 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Genetics & Heredity SC Agriculture; Genetics & Heredity GA 642JK UT WOS:000180800200006 PM 12580785 ER PT J AU Blackwood, CB Marsh, T Kim, SH Paul, EA AF Blackwood, CB Marsh, T Kim, SH Paul, EA TI Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism data analysis for quantitative comparison of microbial communities SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; SOIL; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; MICROORGANISMS; EVOLUTION AB Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) is a culture-independent method of obtaining a genetic fingerprint of the composition of a microbial community. Comparisons of the utility of different methods of (i) including peaks, (ii) computing the difference (or distance) between profiles, and (iii) performing statistical analysis were made by using replicated profiles of eubacterial communities. These samples included soil collected from three regions of the United States, soil fractions derived from three agronomic field treatments, soil samples taken from within one meter of each other in an alfalfa field, and replicate laboratory bioreactors. Cluster analysis by Ward's method and by the unweighted-pair group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) were compared. Ward's method was more effective at differentiating major groups within sets of profiles; UPGMA had a slightly reduced error rate in clustering of replicate profiles and was more sensitive to outliers. Most replicate profiles were clustered together when relative peak height or Hellinger-transformed peak height was used, in contrast to raw peak height. Redundancy analysis was more effective than cluster analysis at detecting differences between similar samples. Redundancy analysis using Hellinger distance was more sensitive than that using Euclidean distance between relative peak height profiles. Analysis of Jaccard distance between profiles, which considers only the presence or absence of a terminal restriction fragment, was the most sensitive in redundancy analysis, and was equally sensitive in cluster analysis, if all profiles had cumulative peak heights greater than 10,000 fluorescence units. It is concluded that T-RFLP is a sensitive method of differentiating between microbial communities when the optimal statistical method is used for the situation at hand. It is recommended that hypothesis testing be performed by redundancy analysis of Hellinger-transformed data and that exploratory data analysis be performed by cluster analysis using Ward's method to find natural groups or by UPGMA to identify potential outliers. Analyses can also be based on Jaccard distance if all profiles have cumulative peak heights greater than 10,000 fluorescence units. C1 Michigan State Univ, Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Blackwood, CB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Sustainable Agr Syst Lab, Bldg 001 Rm 140, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Blackwood, Christopher/B-3839-2010 OI Blackwood, Christopher/0000-0001-5764-6978 NR 29 TC 235 Z9 258 U1 5 U2 48 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 69 IS 2 BP 926 EP 932 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.2.926-932.2003 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 644PK UT WOS:000180927100026 PM 12571013 ER PT J AU Humayoun, SB Bano, N Hollibaugh, JT AF Humayoun, SB Bano, N Hollibaugh, JT TI Depth distribution of microbial diversity in Mono Lake, a meromictic soda lake in California SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SP-NOV; MARINE BACTERIOPLANKTON; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ORGANIC-MATTER; GEN-NOV; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; OXIDIZING BACTERIA; AFRICAN RIFT AB We analyzed the variation with depth in the composition of members of the domain Bacteria in samples from alkaline, hypersaline, and currently meromictic Mono Lake in California. DNA samples were collected from the mixolimnion (2 m), the base of the oxycline (17.5 m), the upper chemocline (23 m), and the monimolimnion (35 m). Composition was assessed by sequencing randomly selected cloned fragments of 16S rRNA genes retrieved from the DNA samples. Most of the 212 sequences retrieved from the samples fell into five major lineages of the domain Bacteria: alpha- and gamma-Proteobacteria (6 and 10%, respectively), Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides (19%), high-G+C-content gram-positive organisms (Actinobacteria; 25%), and low-G+C-content gram-positive organisms (Bacillus and Clostridium; 19%). Twelve percent were identified as chloroplasts. The remaining 9% represented beta- and delta-Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobiales, and candidate divisions. Mixolimnion and oxycline samples had low microbial diversity, with only 9 and 12 distinct phylotypes, respectively, whereas chemocline and monimolimnion samples were more diverse, containing 27 and 25 phylotypes, respectively. The compositions of microbial assemblages from the mixolimnion and oxycline were not significantly different from each other (P = 0.314 and 0.877), but they were significantly different from those of chemocline and monimolimnion assemblages (P < 0.001), and the compositions of chemocline and monimolimnion assemblages were not significantly different from each other (P = 0.006 and 0.124). The populations of sequences retrieved from the mixolimnion and oxycline samples were dominated by sequences related to high-G+C-content grampositive bacteria (49 and 63%, respectively) distributed in only three distinct phylotypes, while the population of sequences retrieved from the monimolimnion sample was dominated (52%) by sequences related to low-G+C-content gram-positive bacteria distributed in 12 distinct phylotypes. Twelve and 28% of the sequences retrieved from the chemocline sample were also found in the mixolimnion and monimolimnion samples, respectively. None of the sequences retrieved from the monimolimnion sample were found in the mixolimnion or oxycline samples. Elevated diversity in anoxic bottom water samples relative to oxic surface water samples suggests a greater opportunity for niche differentiation in bottom versus surface waters of this lake. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. ARS, USDA, Watkinsville, GA 30677 USA. RP Hollibaugh, JT (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 75 TC 205 Z9 218 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 69 IS 2 BP 1030 EP 1042 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.2.1030-1042.2003 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 644PK UT WOS:000180927100039 PM 12571026 ER PT J AU Scott, TM Parveen, S Portier, KM Rose, JB Tamplin, ML Farrah, SR Koo, A Lukasik, J AF Scott, TM Parveen, S Portier, KM Rose, JB Tamplin, ML Farrah, SR Koo, A Lukasik, J TI Geographical variation in ribotype profiles of Escherichia coli isolates from humans, swine, poultry, beef, and dairy cattle in Florida SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION AB Waters impacted by fecal pollution can exact high risks to human health and can result in financial losses due to closures of water systems used for recreation and for harvesting seafood. Identifying the sources of fecal pollution in water is paramount in assessing the potential human health risks involved as well as in assessing necessary remedial action. Recently, various researchers have used the ribotyping method to identify sources of bacterial indicators (Escherichia coli and enterococci) in environmental waters. While these studies have identified genotypic differences between human- and animal-derived indicators that are capable of differentiating organisms isolated from humans and various animal hosts, most have focused on organisms collected from a confined geographic area and have not addressed the question of whether these ribotype profiles are watershed specific or if they can be applied universally to organisms from other geographic locations. In this study, E. coli isolates were obtained from humans, beef cattle, dairy cattle, swine, and poultry from locations in northern, central, and southern Florida and were subjected to ribotyping analysis. The intent was to determine (i) if ribotype profiles are capable of discriminating the source of E. coli at the host species level and (ii) if the resulting fingerprints are uniform over an extended geographic area or if they can be applied only to a specific watershed. Our research indicated that, using a single restriction enzyme (HindIII), the ribotyping procedure is not capable of differentiating E. coli isolates from the different animal species sampled in this study. Results indicate, however, that this procedure can still be used effectively to differentiate E. coli as being either human or animal derived when applied to organisms isolated from a large geographic region. C1 USDA, Microbial Food Safety Res Unit, Agr Res Unit, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA USA. Univ Maryland, Food Sci & Technol Program, Dept Agr & Human Ecol, Princess Anne, MD USA. Univ Florida, Dept Microbiol & Cell Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Biol Consulting Serv N Florida Inc, Gainesville, FL 32609 USA. RP Lukasik, J (reprint author), Biol Consulting Serv N Florida Inc, 4641 NW 6th St,Suite A, Gainesville, FL 32609 USA. NR 11 TC 75 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 69 IS 2 BP 1089 EP 1092 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.2.1089-1092.2003 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 644PK UT WOS:000180927100046 PM 12571033 ER PT J AU Taylor, F Craig, JC Kurantz, MJ Singh, V AF Taylor, F Craig, JC Kurantz, MJ Singh, V TI Corn-milling pretreatment with anhydrous ammonia SO APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE corn; ammonia; pretreatment; milling; steeping; ethanol; fermentation ID ACID AB Exposure to anhydrous ammonia has been suggested as a pretreatment for corn milling. Batches of corn were exposed to ammonia under controlled conditions. The amounts of ammonia absorbed and reacted with the corn were measured. The amounts were not more than are needed as nutritional supplement for yeast fermentation to ethanol. Loosening of the hull was observed qualitatively, and subsequent shearing in a disk mill followed by steeping for 2,4,6, or 8 h showed that germ could be recovered at higher yield and after a shorter steeping time compared to untreated control batches. Quality of oil was not affected by treatment with ammonia. C1 USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Agr Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Taylor, F (reprint author), USDA ARS, Eastern Reg Res Ctr, Wyndmoor, PA 19038 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0273-2289 J9 APPL BIOCHEM BIOTECH JI Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 104 IS 2 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1385/ABAB:104:2:141 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 644PH UT WOS:000180926900005 PM 12603102 ER PT J AU Brogden, KA Guthmiller, JM AF Brogden, KA Guthmiller, JM TI Polymicrobial diseases, a concept whose time has come SO ASM NEWS LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS; BIOFILMS AB Several distinctive microbial species may act synergistically or in succession to cause complex disease processes. C1 USDA, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Agr Res Serv, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Dent, Periodont & Dows Inst Dental Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0044-7897 J9 ASM NEWS JI ASM News PD FEB PY 2003 VL 69 IS 2 BP 69 EP 73 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 645HJ UT WOS:000180969900010 ER PT J AU Kakko, S Kelloniemi, J von Rohr, P Hoeschele, I Tamminen, M Brousseau, ME Kesaniemi, YA Savolainen, MJ AF Kakko, S Kelloniemi, J von Rohr, P Hoeschele, I Tamminen, M Brousseau, ME Kesaniemi, YA Savolainen, MJ TI ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 locus is not a major determinant of HDL-C levels in a population at high risk for coronary heart disease SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE genetic; genetic polymorphisms; high-density lipoproteins; coronary heart disease; quantitative trait locus ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; TANGIER-DISEASE; ARTERY DISEASE; PLASMA-LIPIDS; CHOLESTEROL; GENE; MUTATIONS; DEFICIENCY; COMMON; LINKAGE AB ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) transports cellular cholesterol to lipid-poor apolipoproteins. Mutations in the ABCA1 gene are linked to rare phenotypes, familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia (FHA) and Tangier disease (TD), characterized by markedly decreased plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The aim was to test if the ABCA1 locus is a major locus regulating HDL-C levels in the homogenous Finnish population with a high prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHID). Firstly, the ABCA1 locus was tested for linkage to HDL-C levels in 35 families with premature CHID and low HDL-C levels. Secondly, 62 men with low HDL-C levels and CHD were screened for the five mutations known to cause FHA. Thirdly, polymorphisms of the ABCA1 gene were tested for an association with HDL-C levels in a population sample of 515 subjects. The ABCA1 locus was not linked to HDL-C levels in the CHD families, and no carriers of the FHA mutations were found. The AA596 genotype was associated with higher HDL-C levels compared with the GG and GA genotypes in the women, but not in the men. The G596A genotypes explained 4% and the A2589G genotypes 3% of the variation in plasma HDL-C levels in women. The data suggest that the ABCA1 locus is of minor importance in the regulation of HDL-C in Finns. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oulu, Dept Internal Med, Oulu 90014, Finland. Univ Oulu, Bioctr, Oulu 90014, Finland. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Dairy Sci & Stat, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Kakko, S (reprint author), Univ Oulu, Dept Internal Med, POB 5000, Oulu 90014, Finland. NR 31 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD FEB PY 2003 VL 166 IS 2 BP 285 EP 290 AR PII S0021-9150(02)00232-0 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(02)00232-0 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 644CZ UT WOS:000180901500010 PM 12535741 ER PT J AU de Bree, A Verschuren, WMM Blom, HJ Nadeau, M Trijbels, FJM Kromhout, D AF de Bree, A Verschuren, WMM Blom, HJ Nadeau, M Trijbels, FJM Kromhout, D TI Coronary heart disease mortality, plasma homocysteine, and B-vitamins: a prospective study SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE homocysteine; coronary diseases; prospective studies ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTOR; SERUM TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ELDERLY MEN; FOLIC-ACID; FOLLOW-UP; ALL-CAUSE; FOLATE; COHORT; WOMEN AB The results of prospective studies on the relations between the plasma concentration of total homocysteine (tHey) and B-vitamins, on the one hand, and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, on the other hand, are inconclusive and scarce considering the relation with B-vitamins. We prospectively determined these relations in a case-cohort study. The full-cohort existed in similar to 36,000 Dutch adults aged 20-59 years at baseline. The statistical analyses were done with a random sample from the cohort (n = 630) complemented with all subjects who died of CHD (n = 102) during a mean follow-up of 10.3 years. All subjects reported the absence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) at baseline. The plasma concentrations of tHey, folate, PLP, and vitamin B 12 were determined in samples obtained at baseline. Men with a tHey concentration in the highest tertile (T3) compared with men in the lowest tertile (T1) had a relative risk (RR) of 1.14 for CHD (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.50, 2.61) after adjusting for age, study center, hypertension, HDL and total cholesterol, smoking, and creatinine. For women, this RR was 2.04 (95%,, CI: 0.48, 8.62). For each 5 mumol/l increase in tHey, the RR of CHD was 1.03 (95% CI: 0.83-1.29) for men and women combined. In women only, high folate levels were associated with a statistically significant protection of fatal CHD T3 versus T1; RR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.87). Plasma PLP (136) and vitamin B12 concentrations were not associated with CHD risk. We conclude that elevated tHey concentrations do not seem to be a risk factor for CHD mortality in these relatively young healthy Dutch subjects free of baseline CVD. Higher folate concentrations may be protective of CHD, but this needs confirmation. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Dept Chron Dis Epidemiol PB 101, RIVM, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr St Radboud, Lab Pediat & Neurol, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Tufts Univ, USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Div Nutr & Consumer Safety, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Verschuren, WMM (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Dept Chron Dis Epidemiol PB 101, RIVM, POB 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. RI Kromhout, Daan/A-8566-2014 NR 51 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD FEB PY 2003 VL 166 IS 2 BP 369 EP 377 AR PII S0021-9150(02)00373-8 DI 10.1016/S0021-9150(02)00373-8 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 644CZ UT WOS:000180901500020 PM 12535751 ER PT J AU Kommers, GD King, DJ Seal, BS Brown, CC AF Kommers, GD King, DJ Seal, BS Brown, CC TI Virulence of six heterogeneous-origin Newcastle disease virus isolates before and after sequential passages in domestic chickens SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AVIAN PARAMYXOVIRUS TYPE-1; PIGEON PMV-1 VIRUSES; FUSION PROTEIN GENE; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; CLEAVAGE-ACTIVATION; UNITED-STATES; PATHOGENICITY; SITE AB Four serial passages of six Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates were performed in two-week-old White Leghorns. The viruses were recovered from chickens (Ckn-Live Bird Market and Ckn-Australia isolates), exotic (Yellow Nape [YN] Parrot, Pheasant, and Dove isolates) and wild birds (Anhinga isolate). Infected chickens were monitored clinically and humanely killed to sample tissues for histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Pathogenicity tests, to assess the virulence of the isolates for chickens, and sequence analysis of the fusion protein cleavage site were performed before and after passages. The moderately virulent Dove isolate became highly virulent with serial passage. The originally highly virulent Pheasant isolate had an increase in the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and the intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) with passages in chickens. Virulence increase was not observed with Ckn-LBM, YN Parrot, Ckn-Australia, or Anhinga isolates after four chicken passages. The results demonstrate the high risk for domestic chickens represented by some NDV-infected non-poultry species, such as doves. C1 ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP King, DJ (reprint author), ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 50 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 3 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 81 EP 93 DI 10.1080/0307945021000070750 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 639JF UT WOS:000180624300010 PM 12745384 ER PT J AU Swaggerty, CL Pevzner, IY Lowry, VK Farnell, MB Kogut, MH AF Swaggerty, CL Pevzner, IY Lowry, VK Farnell, MB Kogut, MH TI Functional comparison of heterophils isolated from commercial broiler chickens SO AVIAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENTERITIDIS-IMMUNE LYMPHOKINES; INNATE IMMUNITY; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS; PATHWAYS; RESISTANCE; RECEPTORS; ACTIVATION; RESPONSES AB Heterophils from two pure lines (A and B) of commercial broiler chickens were isolated on days 1, 4, and 7 post-hatch to evaluate their ability to (1) phagocytose Salmonella enteritidis (SE) (2) degranulate when exposed to immune-IgG opsonized SE, and (3) produce an oxidative burst. On days 1 and 4, heterophils from tine A were functionally more efficient compared to heterophils from line B (p<0.05). By 7 days post hatch, heterophil functions for both lines were comparable. To further study the inheritance of heterophil functional efficiency, F1 reciprocal crosses (tine C=male B x female A; line D=male A x female B) were evaluated for functional activity and compared with the immunologically efficient (A) and non-efficient (B) parent lines. Heterophils from line D had a more efficient heterophil function (p<0.05) when compared to heterophils from C. These results suggest that heterophil function and efficiency can be genetically transferred to progeny. Moreover they indicate that heterophil function is sex-associated and genetically controlled by the rooster since progeny of line A males maintained immunologically efficient characteristics whereas heterophils from the progeny of line B roosters remained immunologically inefficient. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe a functional relationship between pure and F1 reciprocal crosses of broiler chickens with regard to heterophils and the innate immune response. C1 ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. Cobb Vantress Inc, Siloam Springs, AR 72761 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Coll Vet Med, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Kogut, MH (reprint author), ARS, USDA, So Plains Agr Res Ctr, 2881 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 31 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0307-9457 J9 AVIAN PATHOL JI Avian Pathol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1080/0307945021000070769 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 639JF UT WOS:000180624300011 PM 12745385 ER PT J AU Jackson, MA Cliquet, S Iten, LB AF Jackson, MA Cliquet, S Iten, LB TI Media and fermentation processes for the rapid production of high concentrations of stable blastospores of the bioinsecticidal fungus Paecilomyces fumosoroseus SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Paecilomyces fumosoroseus; blastospores; conidia; media; fermentation; bioinsecticide; biocontrol ID RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA; BEMISIA-ARGENTIFOLII; METARHIZIUM-ANISOPLIAE; ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI; AERIAL CONIDIA; CULTURE; GROWTH; DEUTEROMYCOTINA; MORPHOLOGY AB In shake flask and fermentor studies, various media components and culture inocula were tested to improve P. fumosoroseus spore production rates, yield and stability. To evaluate inoculum potential and inoculum scale-up for fermentor studies, conidia and liquid culture-produced spores of various strains of P. fumosoroseus were compared as inoculum. Inoculation of liquid cultures with blastospores at concentrations of at least 1 x 10(6) spores mL(-1) resulted in the rapid production of high concentrations of blastospores ( similar to1 x 10(9) spores mL(-1), 48 h fermentation time) for all strains tested. The rapid germination rate of blastospores (90% after 6 h incubation) compared to conidia ( > 90% after 16 h incubation) and the use of higher inoculum rates reduced the fermentation time from 96 to 48 h for maximal spore yields. A comparison of various complex nitrogen sources showed that liquid media supplemented with acid hydrolyzed casein or yeast extract supported the production of high concentrations of blastospores that were significantly more desiccation-tolerant (79-82% survival after drying) when compared to blastospores produced in media supplemented with other nitrogen sources (12-50% survival after drying). For rapid spore production, requirements for trace metals and vitamin supplementation were dependent on the type of hydrolyzed casein used in the medium. Fermentor studies with two strains of P. fumosoroseus showed that high concentrations (1.3-1.8 x 10(9) spores mL(-1)) of desiccation-tolerant blastospores could be produced in 48-h fermentations. These studies have demonstrated that the infective spores of various strains of the fungal bioinsecticide Paecilomyces fumosoroseus can be rapidly produced using deep-tank, liquid culture fermentation techniques. C1 ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Jackson, MA (reprint author), ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 33 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 23 EP 33 DI 10.1080/0958315021000054368 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 665EY UT WOS:000182107700003 ER PT J AU Dowd, PF Vega, FE AF Dowd, PF Vega, FE TI Autodissemination of Beauveria bassiana by sap beetles (Coleoptera : Nitidulidae) to overwintering sites SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carpophilus; Beauveria; dispersal ID ZEA-MAYS L; ENTOMOGENOUS FUNGI; CENTRAL ILLINOIS; CARPOPHILUS; MAIZE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PHEROMONE; INSECTS; CORN AB An autoinoculative device was used to test the ability of sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) to carry a specific strain of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin to overwintering sites in a multiyear field study. The device was baited with the pheromone and coattractants for the dusky sap beetle (Carpophilus lugubris Murray) and placed in the field in the fall of each year. The introduced strain occurred at high frequency among the B. bassiana isolated in the fall of all four years tested (100% of all isolates from 21 of 22 collection dates). The introduced strain of B. bassiana was isolated at high frequency from all the B. bassiana-contaminated sap beetles recovered from the overwintering traps (100% of all isolates from 13 of 23 trap/beetle species combinations) and was highest after the longest fall exposure. The introduced strain was primarily isolated from C. lugubris and C. antiquus, but species distribution was also dependent on the overwintering trap design used Few non-sap beetles species of insects were recovered from the artificial overwintering sites. Although B. bassiana was isolated from free flying sap beetles caught in traps in the spring of each year, none were infected with the introduced strain. The autoinoculating device provides selective contamination of sap beetles in overwintering sites when used in the fall. It may be useful in providing some control of sap beetles or other insects where limited numbers of mass overwintering sites (such as tree holes) occur. C1 ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop BioProtect Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. ARS, USDA, Insect Biocontrol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dowd, PF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Crop BioProtect Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. OI Vega, Fernando E./0000-0001-8103-5640 NR 33 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 65 EP 75 DI 10.1080/0958315021000054395 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 665EY UT WOS:000182107700006 ER PT J AU Salvato, M Hart, G Holler, T Roland, T AF Salvato, M Hart, G Holler, T Roland, T TI Release of sterile Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera : Tephritidae), using an automated ground release vehicle SO BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sterile insect technique; area-wide control; sterile release; Ceratitis capitata ID FORMULATIONS; TRIMEDLURE; DISPENSER; DESIGN; FLY AB A trial was conducted in Tampa, Florida to test an automated ground release machine as an alternative to aerial methods for release of sterile Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Twenty-four Jackson traps baited with trimedlure at three release sites yielded lower than expected numbers of ground released Medflies. Recaptures per trap ranged from 2.8 (+/-0.7 S.E.) to 6.8 (+/-1.7 S.E.). Average recovery of sterile flies at each site for all releases combined (144 observations) was similar, 3.4 (+/-0.5 S.E), 4.4 (+/-0.5 S.E), 4.5 (+/-0.5 S.E.) for sites 1, 2 and 3 respectively. There was a significant reduction in flight ability from 67.5 (+/-2.1 S.E) to 53.6 (+/-2.9 S.E)% from the time of pre-chilling to when immobilized flies were released after 2.5 h in the release container. Further tests are needed to determine what mortality factors may influence recovery and how the automated ground release machine compares to the aerial release method. C1 USDA, Medfly Project, Sarasota, FL 34230 USA. Florida Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Medfly Project, Sarasota, FL USA. USDA, CPHST, Gainesville, FL USA. USDA, AEO, Mission, TX USA. RP Salvato, M (reprint author), USDA, Medfly Project, Sarasota, FL 34230 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0958-3157 J9 BIOCONTROL SCI TECHN JI Biocontrol Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 111 EP 117 DI 10.1080/0958315021000054430 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 665EY UT WOS:000182107700010 ER PT J AU Wheeler, GS AF Wheeler, GS TI Minimal increase in larval and adult performance of the biological control agent Oxyops vitiosa when fed Melaleuca quinquenervia leaves of different nitrogen levels SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT; ANTHONOMUS-GRANDIS; DIETARY NITROGEN; BOLL-WEEVIL; FOOD PLANTS; GROWTH; CURCULIONIDAE; CONSUMPTION; COLEOPTERA; HERBIVORY AB Leaves from the invasive tree Melaleuca quinquenervia containing a range of nitrogen levels were fed to neonate and adult Oxyops vitiosa to determine the influence of plant nutrition on insect survival, growth, development, and fecundity. Larvae fed the low-fertilizer leaves (30 g/l 1.4-liter pot; 15-9-12, N-P-K) had less than one half the survival (30 +/- 5.0%) of larvae fed the high-fertilizer (90 g/pot) leaves (65 +/- 10.4%). Additionally, the biomass of prepupae, pupae, and adults was each significantly greater (each 1.15fold) in larvae fed leaves from the high-fertilizer level. However, fecundity was not influenced by these fertilizer treatments. The effect of five fertilizer treatments (30, 90, 135, 180, and 225 g/pot) applied to M. quinquenervia on O. vitiosa larval survival, growth, development, and feeding efficiency was determined in a second experiment. These results indicated that slight increases occurred in food consumption and biomass when larvae were fed leaves from the lowest and highest fertilizer treatments, respectively. Little if any evidence of compensatory feeding or increased food utilization efficiency was found on the low-nitrogen leaves. The results suggest that in mass rearing activities increased production of weevils will occur in high-fertilized (90 g/pot) treatments due to increased larval survival. However, adult fecundity will not be affected by fertilizer treatment. Several qualities of this species contribute to its success as a biological control, namely the adults are long-lived, which enables individuals to bridge periods when suitable leaves are available, and both larval and adult performance are apparently little affected by a wide range of nitrogen levels. Published by Elsevier Science (USA). C1 USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. Univ Florida, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. RP Wheeler, GS (reprint author), USDA ARS, Invas Plant Res Lab, 3205 Coll Ave, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 2003 VL 26 IS 2 BP 109 EP 116 AR PII S1049-9644(02)00129-9 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(02)00129-9 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 648JX UT WOS:000181149000002 ER PT J AU Mewis, I Kleespies, RG Ulrichs, C Schnitzler, WH AF Mewis, I Kleespies, RG Ulrichs, C Schnitzler, WH TI First detection of a microsporidium in the crucifer pest Hellula undalis (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) - a possible control agent? SO BIOLOGICAL CONTROL LA English DT Article DE Hellula undalis; cabbage webworm; microsporidia; Vairimorpha sp.; biological control; pyralidae; crucifer pests ID PLUTELLA-XYLOSTELLA; HOST-SPECIFICITY; CABBAGE-WEBWORM; MOTH; HEMOCYTES; PROTOZOA; LARVAE; GENUS AB For the first time, a microsporidian infection was observed in the pest species Hellula undalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in crucifer fields in Nueva-Ecija, Philippines. Because H. undalis is difficult to control by chemical insecticides and microbiological control techniques have not been established, we investigated the biology, the pathogenicity and transmission of this pathogen found in H. undalis. An average of 16% of larvae obtained from crucifer fields in Nueva-Ecija displayed microsporidian infections and 75% of infected H. undalis died during larval development. Histopathological studies revealed that the infection is initiated in the midgut and then spreads to all organs. The microsporidium has two different sporulation sequences: a disporoblastic development producing binucleate free mature spores and an octosporoblastic development forming eight uninucleate spores. These two discrete life cycles imply its taxonomic assignment to the genus Vairimorpha. The size of the binucleate, diplokaryotic spores as measured on Giernsa-stained smears was 3.56 +/- 0.29 mum in length and 2.18 +/- 0.21 mum width, whereas the uninucleate octospores measured 2.44 +/- 0.20 x 1.64 +/- 0.14 mum. The microsporidium was orally and probably also transovarially transmitted. Laboratory infection tests by feeding spores on artificial diet to 3rd instars resulted in 100% infection with a final mortality of 80%. Most larvae died during larval development and 40% of them died 3 days after spore ingestion. This microsporidium shows potential for microbiological pest management. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pesticide Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Inst Biol Control, Fed Biol Res Ctr Agr & Forestry, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. USDA ARS, Beneficial Insect Introduct Res, Newark, DE 19713 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Inst Sci Vegetales, D-85350 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. RP Mewis, I (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pesticide Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Ulrichs, Christian/D-3029-2009; Ulrichs, Christian/C-6055-2015; OI Ulrichs, Christian/0000-0002-6733-3366 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-9644 J9 BIOL CONTROL JI Biol. Control PD FEB PY 2003 VL 26 IS 2 BP 202 EP 208 AR PII S1049-9644(02)00126-3 DI 10.1016/S1049-9644(02)00126-3 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Entomology GA 648JX UT WOS:000181149000013 ER PT J AU Phongpan, S Mosier, AR AF Phongpan, S Mosier, AR TI Effect of rice straw management on nitrogen balance and residual effect of urea-N in an annual lowland rice cropping sequence SO BIOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF SOILS LA English DT Article DE rice straw; compost; N-15 balance; urea; lowland rice ID FERTILIZER NITROGEN; WHEAT ROTATION; GREEN MANURE; N-15 BALANCE; SOIL; YIELD; EFFICIENCY; DYNAMICS AB Two field experiments were conducted in 1999 (wet season) and 2000 (dry season) on a Ustic Endoaquerts in central Thailand to examine the impact of rice straw management practices on rice yield, N uptake and fertilizer-N use efficiency. Treatments included a combination of urea broadcast at a rate of 70 kg N ha(-1) with either straw or compost which were incorporated at a rate of 5 Mg ha(-1). At maturity of the wet season rice, 15 N recovery by the grain was low (11-14%) as well as straw-N derived from labeled N (5-7%). After harvest, 25-29% of applied N still remained in the soil, mainly in the 0 to 5-cm layer. Large amounts of fertilizer-N (53-55%) were lost (unaccounted for) from the soil/plant system during the first crop. Residual fertilizer-N recovery in the second rice crop was less than 3% from the original application. During both fallow seasons NO3--N remained the dominant form of mineral N (NO3- + NH4+) in the soil but its concentration was low. In the wet season grain yield response to N application was significant (P = 0.05). Organic material sources did not significantly change grain yield and N accumulation in rice. In terms of grain yield and N uptake at maturity, there was no significant residual effect of fertilizer-N on the subsequent rice crop. These results indicated that the combined use of organic residues with urea did not decrease total N losses or increase crop yield or uptake of N compared to urea alone. C1 Dept Agr, Div Agr Chem, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. USDA ARS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Phongpan, S (reprint author), Dept Agr, Div Agr Chem, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0178-2762 J9 BIOL FERT SOILS JI Biol. Fertil. Soils PD FEB PY 2003 VL 37 IS 2 BP 102 EP 107 DI 10.1007/s00374-002-0566-1 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 665CH UT WOS:000182101700005 ER PT J AU Bassett, CL Janisiewicz, WJ AF Bassett, CL Janisiewicz, WJ TI Electroporation and stable maintenance of plasmid DNAs in a biocontrol strain of Pseudomonas syringae SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE broad host range plasmids; methylation deficiency; plasmid stability; transformation efficiency ID GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION; AERUGINOSA; VECTORS AB Transformation efficiencies as high as 10(7) transformants mug(-1) DNA have been previously reported for pseudomonads using electroporation protocols established for E. coli with plasmid DNAs prepared from methylation proficient E. coli hosts. We report here a protocol for electroporation of plasmid DNAs into a biocontrol strain of Pseudomonas syringae which could not be electroporated by standard E. coli methods. Transformation efficiencies of 10(7) or higher were obtained with DNA recovered from initial P. syringae transformation or with DNA prepared from methylation deficient E. coli. Both plasmids used in this study were stably maintained in the absence of selection for at least 50 generations. C1 ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. RP Bassett, CL (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Appalachian Fruit Res Stn, 45 Wiltshire Rd, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 25 IS 3 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.1023/A:1022394716305 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 642XQ UT WOS:000180831100003 PM 12882571 ER PT J AU Smith, KT Shortle, WC AF Smith, KT Shortle, WC TI Radial growth of hardwoods following the 1998 ice storm in New Hampshire and Maine SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN VIRGINIA; FOREST; IMPACTS; REGION AB Ice storms and resulting injury to tree crowns occur frequently in North America. Reaction of land managers to injury caused by the regional ice storm of January 1998 had the potential to accelerate the harvesting of northern hardwoods due to concern about the future loss of wood production by injured trees. To assess the effect of this storm on radial stem growth, increment cores were collected from northern hardwood trees categorized by crown injury classes. For a total of 347 surviving canopy dominant and subdominant trees, a radial growth, index was calculated (mean annual increment for 1998-2000 divided by the mean annual increment for 1995-1997). Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.), white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), and red maple (Acer rubrum L.) categorized in injury class A (crown loss of less than one-half) had mean growth index values of approximately 1.0, indicating no loss of mean radial growth after 3 years. For injury class B (crown loss of one-half to three-quarters) and class C (crown loss greater than three-quarters), growth index values significantly decreased for sugar maple, yellow birch, and red maple. For white ash, growth index values of classes B and C were not significantly different from those of class A trees. Growth index values of A. saccharum and A. rubrum in injury class C were the lowest of those measured. These results indicated that the severity of growth loss due to crown injury depends on tree species and crown replacement as well as the extent of crown loss. C1 Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Smith, KT (reprint author), Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, 271 Mast Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 33 IS 2 BP 325 EP 329 DI 10.1139/X02-185 PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 655AF UT WOS:000181528600014 ER PT J AU Litton, CM Ryan, MG Tinker, DB Knight, DH AF Litton, CM Ryan, MG Tinker, DB Knight, DH TI Belowground and aboveground biomass in young postfire lodgepole pine forests of contrasting tree density SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE FORESTIERE LA English DT Article ID YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; BELOW-GROUND BIOMASS; DOUGLAS-FIR; MATTER PRODUCTION; LEAF-AREA; PLANTATIONS; ELLIOTTII; NUTRIENT; ACCUMULATION AB As much as 40% of live biomass in coniferous forests is located belowground, yet the effect of tree density on biomass allocation is poorly understood. We developed allometric equations using traditional harvesting techniques to estimate coarse root biomass for approximate to13-year-old postfire lodgepole pine trees (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.). We then used these equations, plus estimates of fine root and aboveground biomass, to estimate total tree biomass and belowground to aboveground biomass ratios in young postfire lodgepole pine stands with a wide range of tree densities. Belowground biomass allocation increased with tree density, but the increase was largely determined by inherent differences associated with tree size, not competition. Stand biomass in trees ranged from 46 to 5529 kg.ha(-1) belowground, from 176 to 9400 kg.ha-1 aboveground, and from 222 to 13 685 kg.ha(-1) for total biomass. For individual trees, the ratio of belowground to total biomass declined with tree size from 0.44 at a basal diameter of 0.5 cm to 0.11 at a basal diameter of 8 cm. This shift in individual tree allocation caused the proportion of total stand biomass in belowground tissues to increase from 19% in low-density stands with larger trees to 31% in high-density stands with small trees. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Grad Degree Program Ecol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Western Carolina Univ, Dept Geosci & Nat Resources Management, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. RP Litton, CM (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Bot, POB 3165, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RI Ryan, Michael/A-9805-2008 OI Ryan, Michael/0000-0002-2500-6738 NR 39 TC 87 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 22 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0045-5067 J9 CAN J FOREST RES JI Can. J. For. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. For. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 33 IS 2 BP 351 EP 363 DI 10.1139/X02-181 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 655AF UT WOS:000181528600017 ER PT J AU Rizner, TL Wheeler, MH AF Rizner, TL Wheeler, MH TI Melanin biosynthesis in the fungus Curvularia lunata (teleornorph : Cochliobolus lunatus) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE melanin; fungi; Curvularia lunata; Cochliobolus lunatus; trihydroxynaphthalene reductase ID WANGIELLA-DERMATITIDIS; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; VERTICILLIUM-DAHLIAE; GENE; VIRULENCE; GROWTH; PHEOHYPHOMYCOSIS; INFECTIONS; REDUCTASE; CLONING AB Curvularia lunata (teleomorph: Cochliobolus lunatus) is a known plant and human pathogen. Tricyclazole, a specific inhibitor of pentaketide melanin biosynthesis, blocked the biosynthesis of melanin in Curvularia lunata and caused the accumulation of the melanin metabolites flaviolin and 2-hydroxyjuglone. This showed that melanin in Curvularia lunata is produced by a pentaketide pathway from 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene. The 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene reductase (3HNR) gene, associated with the melanin pathway of Curvularia lunata, was identified and characterized. An alignment of 3HNR sequences enabled the design of primers covering conserved regions. A PCR-amplified fragment of Curvularia lunata genomic DNA was used for screening the cDNA library. Three independent cDNA clones revealed an 801-bp open reading frame encoding a 267 amino acid protein. The protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. The predicted amino acid sequence of the 28.6-kDa protein demonstrated homology to other fungal 3HNR and other members of the short-chain dehydrogenase super family. Northern analyses revealed that 3HNR from Curvularia lunata is expressed synchronously with melanization after 3 days of Curvularia lunata growth in malt extract medium. No 3HNR reductase gene expression nor melanization was observed when Curvularia lunata was grown in yeast nitrogen base medium. C1 Univ Ljubljana, Fac Med, Inst Biochem, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. ARS, Cotton Pathol Res Unit, USDA, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Rizner, TL (reprint author), Univ Ljubljana, Fac Med, Inst Biochem, Vrazov Trg 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. NR 43 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4166 J9 CAN J MICROBIOL JI Can. J. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 49 IS 2 BP 110 EP 119 DI 10.1139/W03-016 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology; Microbiology GA 664UH UT WOS:000182079800006 ER PT J AU Rendleman, JA AF Rendleman, JA TI The reaction of starch with iodine vapor. Determination of iodide-ion content of starch-iodine complexes SO CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE starch; amylose; iodine; iodide ion; starch-iodine complex; amylose-cyclohexanol complex; glass transition ID HIGH-AMYLOSE STARCH; LOW-MOLECULAR-MASS AB The molecular-iodine and iodide-ion contents of starch-iodine complexes, prepared by subjecting corn amylose (average degree of polymerization, (d) over barp 1050), low-molecular-weight amylose ((d) over barp 61-69), amylose-cyclohexanol complexes, and native corn starches to iodine vapor for 30 days under different conditions of relative humidity (RH), were determined by a differential method requiring titrations with both KIO3 and Na2S2O3. Iodide content generally increased with increase in relative humidity. However, the analytical method was incapable of providing reliable iodide values for complexes of very low total iodine content (< 5 wt%), such as those of ordinary corn starch, waxy maize starch, and low-(dp) over bar amylose. A granular hybrid corn starch of 64% amylose content yielded, at 100% RH, a complex containing 10.0 wt% of total iodine (I/I- = 3.7). Low-(dp) over bar amylose exhibited low reactivity toward iodine vapor, even at 100% RH; however, a cyclohexanol complex of low-(dp) over bar amylose reacted readily at 100% RH, with concurrent elimination of cyclohexanol, to produce a starchiodine complex of unusually high iodine content (33.1 wt% of total iodine; I/I- = 3.65). The behavior of corn amylose toward iodine was found to be dependent upon its method of preparation from corn starch. One method of preparation yielded an amylose that, under anhydrous conditions, was very resistant to complexation with iodine, but which was very reactive at 30-100% RH, producing a complex that contained as much as 18.5 wt% of total iodine (I/I- = 3.49). A different procedure for preparing amylose gave a starch that reacted readily under anhydrous conditions to produce a complex containing 21.8 wt% of molecular iodine and no detectable amount of iodide ion. A cyclohexanol complex of corn amylose reacted with iodine vapor at 100% RH, with concurrent elimination of cyclohexanol, to form a starch-iodine complex having a total iodine content of 31.6 wt% (I/I- = 3.91). For most of the iodine complexes, there was a close similarity between I- content and H+ content, suggesting that the source of iodide ion was hydrolysis of molecular iodine by water of hydration in the starch. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. RP Rendleman, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, Cereal Prod & Food Sci Res Unit, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0144-8617 J9 CARBOHYD POLYM JI Carbohydr. Polym. PD FEB 1 PY 2003 VL 51 IS 2 BP 191 EP 202 AR PII S0144-8617(02)00053-X DI 10.1016/S0144-8617(02)00053-X PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 606CK UT WOS:000178715500008 ER PT J AU Green, SL Bouley, DM Josling, CA Fayer, R AF Green, SL Bouley, DM Josling, CA Fayer, R TI Cryptosporidiosis associated with emaciation and proliferative gastritis in a laboratory-reared South African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) SO COMPARATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION; AMPHIBIANS; INFECTION; PARVUM AB A 2-year-old emaciated female South African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) was euthanized because of chronic weight loss. At necropsy, there was no evidence of bacterial, fungal or viral disease; however, the histopathologic findings indicated a proliferative gastritis and the presence of numerous cryptosporidial stages throughout the intestinal tract. Crytosporidial oocysts were present in the water taken from the aquarium housing the infected frog and were likely shed by the sick frog; however, the exact source of the oocysts could not be identified. Water samples from other frog aquaria in the facility did not contain cryptosporidial oocysts. Some Cryptosporidium species are important zoonotic pathogens and, to our knowledge, this is the first report of disease associated with Cryptosporidium infection in a laboratory Xenopus laevis. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Comparat Med, RAF 1, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. ARS, USDA, ANRI, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Green, SL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Comparat Med, RAF 1, Quad 7,Bldg 330, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00132-04] NR 22 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1532-0820 J9 COMPARATIVE MED JI Comparative Med. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 53 IS 1 BP 81 EP 84 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 650AU UT WOS:000181240800011 PM 12625511 ER PT J AU Kelly, EG Forsman, ED Anthony, RG AF Kelly, EG Forsman, ED Anthony, RG TI Are Barred Owls displacing Spotted Owls? SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Barred Owl; competition; distribution; Northern Spotted Owl; occupancy; Strix occidentalis caurina; Strix varia ID STRIX-VARIA; HABITAT; MITIGATION; RANGE AB Barred Owls (Strix varia) have expanded their range into the Pacific Northwest, and anecdotal evidence suggests that they may be displacing the federally threatened Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). Our objectives were to describe the current status of Barred Owls in Oregon and compare occupancy of Spotted Owls in historic Spotted Owl territories before and after Barred Owls were first detected in those territories. Between 1974 and 1998, we estimated that 706 different Barred Owl territories were located in Oregon. From 1989-1998 an average of 60 new Barred Owl territories were located in Oregon each year. In Spotted Owl demographic study areas in Oregon and Washington, Barred Owl detections increased at Spotted Owl territories from 1987-1999. Occupancy of Spotted Owl territories declined after Barred Owls were detected within 0.80 km of the territory center. When Barred Owls were detected 0.81-2.40 km from Spotted Owl territory centers, occupancy of Spotted Owls was only marginally less than at territories without Barred Owls. This suggests that the frequency and intensity of interactions between the two species is negatively associated with distance between them. Our results suggest that land managers and regulatory agencies should regard Barred Owls as a threat to Spotted Owls, particularly if Barred Owls continue to increase in number as they have during the past 25 years. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Forest Serv, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unist, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Kelly, EG (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Newport Field Off, 2127 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 35 TC 56 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 28 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2003 VL 105 IS 1 BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.1650/0010-5422(2003)105[45:ABODSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 648BP UT WOS:000181130200004 ER PT J AU Rappole, JH King, DI Rivera, JHV AF Rappole, JH King, DI Rivera, JHV TI Coffee and conservation SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SHADE; BIRDS C1 Smithsonian Conservat & Res Ctr, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. Univ Massachusetts, US Forest Serv, NE Expt Stn, Holdsworth Nat Resources Ctr 203, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Biol, Estac Biol Chamela, San Patrico 22630, Jalisco, Mexico. RP Rappole, JH (reprint author), Smithsonian Conservat & Res Ctr, 1500 Remount Rd, Front Royal, VA 22630 USA. NR 19 TC 60 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1 BP 334 EP 336 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01548.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 643DG UT WOS:000180846200040 ER PT J AU Zoerb, AC Spencer, T Hellmich, RL Wright, RJ Siegfried, BD AF Zoerb, AC Spencer, T Hellmich, RL Wright, RJ Siegfried, BD TI Larval distribution and survival of second generation European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) on Event 176 Bt Corn SO CROP PROTECTION LA English DT Article DE European corn borer; Bt corn; resistance management ID BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; MAIZE PLANTS; RESISTANCE; ADAPTATION; STABILITY; DYNAMICS; FITNESS AB European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae that have completed development on Event 176 Bt corn hybids have either survived exposure to sublethal doses of Cry1Ab Bt toxin or exploited plant tissues that do not express the toxin. To evaluate the impact of such exposure on larval establishment and survival, Event 176 plants with and without tassels and a non-Bt isoline were infested with O. nubilalis egg masses during anthesis. On the non-Bt plants, larval establishment occurred primarily on pollen collecting in the leaf axils, silks and ears. In contrast, almost no larvae were recovered from leaf axils of the Bt treatments and at least 50% fewer larvae were recovered from the silks and ears during the first 2 weeks after infestation relative to the non-Bt plants. The larvae recovered from Bt treatments weighed significantly less than those observed in the non-Bt isoline at 4 weeks after infestation. By the eighth week, the larval weights of all three treatments were similar in three of four different field tests, suggesting that second generation larvae have the ability to compensate for initial exposure to sublethal doses of Bt toxin. In laboratory assays involving exposure of neonate larvae to silks of Event 176 and non-Bt corn, survival of neonate O. nubilalis was not different although larval weights were significantly reduced (2- to 6-fold). These results suggest that second generation larvae completing development on Event 176 corn do not completely avoid exposure to the Bt toxin, although those that do survive are able to compensate for these sublethal effects. The implication of these results is that Event 176 hybrids do not appear to satisfy requirements for high dose that are recommended for resistance management purposes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res Unit, Genet Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Nebraska, S Cent Res & Extens Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA. RP Siegfried, BD (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Entomol, 202 Plant Ind Bldg, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0261-2194 J9 CROP PROT JI Crop Prot. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 179 EP 184 AR PII S0261-2194(02)00143-6 DI 10.1016/S0261-2194(02)00143-6 PG 6 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 625XF UT WOS:000179840300026 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, AH AF Lichtenstein, AH TI Trans fatty acids: where are the dietary recommendations? SO CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; PLASMA-LIPIDS; RISK; LIPOPROTEINS; WOMEN C1 Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Lichtenstein, AH (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Cardiovasc Nutr Lab, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0957-9672 J9 CURR OPIN LIPIDOL JI Curr. Opin. Lipidology PD FEB PY 2003 VL 14 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1097/01.mol/000005285.26236.16 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 643TX UT WOS:000180877500001 PM 12544653 ER PT J AU Brousseau, ME AF Brousseau, ME TI ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, fatty acids, and cholesterol absorption SO CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY LA English DT Review DE ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 gene; cholesterol absorption; fatty acids; HDL ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN DEFICIENCY; TANGIER-DISEASE; ABC1; GENE; MUTATIONS; EFFLUX; MICE; LXR; ACCUMULATION; EXPRESSION AB Purpose of review A significant advance in our understanding of the reverse cholesterol transport pathway occurred in 1999 with the identification of defects in the ATP-binding cassette transporter All gene as the cause of Tangier disease. Since this discovery, an overwhelming number of experiments have been conducted to further define the function of this gene. Among the concepts emerging from such studies is a possible role for the gene in cholesterol absorption. The present review summarizes the most recent of these studies, as well as the only report to describe the effects of fatty acids on ATP-binding cassette transporter All gene activity in vitro. Recent findings From the one study conducted thus far, it appears that unsaturated fatty acids can reduce ATP-binding cassette transporter All gene activity in vitro by enhancing its degradation. Among the primary modulators of the gene's transcription is the liver X receptor, with liver X receptor-selective agonists significantly increasing expression of the gene. While some studies indicate that upregulation of the gene inhibits cholesterol absorption, the results of other studies suggest that it facilitates cholesterol absorption and the transfer of cholesterol into the bile. Preliminary evidence from studies with transgenic and knockout mice supports the concept that increasing ATP-binding cassette transporter All gene expression may be beneficial in the prevention of diet-induced atherosclerosis. Summary Although there is substantial evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies to suggest that the ATP-binding cassette transporter All gene regulates intestinal cholesterol absorption, perhaps by mediating cholesterol efflux from the basolateral surface of enterocytes, it remains unclear whether or not this gene is the primary ATP-binding cassette transporter involved in the process. C1 Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Brousseau, ME (reprint author), Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Lipid Metab Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0957-9672 J9 CURR OPIN LIPIDOL JI Curr. Opin. Lipidology PD FEB PY 2003 VL 14 IS 1 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1097/01.mol.0000052855.26236.60 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 643TX UT WOS:000180877500007 PM 12544659 ER PT J AU Ordovas, JM AF Ordovas, JM TI Cardiovascular disease genetics: a long and winding road SO CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY LA English DT Review DE cardiovascular diseases; genetics; nutrition; polymorphisms; nutrigenomics; pharmacogenomics ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; CAG REPEAT POLYMORPHISM; BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; CHOLESTEROL; GENOTYPE; RISK AB Purpose of review This review has two major goals. The first goal is to raise some of the methodological problems associated with studying the genetics of complex disorders, specifically cardiovascular diseases. The second is to update the reader with the most recent findings in the area of genotype-phenotype associations as well as the interaction between genetic factors and cardiovascular disease risk markers, with emphasis on those related to lipid metabolism. Recent findings In terms of new information, three topics are presented: (1) new findings related to classical candidate genes, such as apolipoprotein E, cholesteryl ester transfer protein and hepatic lipase; (2) recent reports related to new loci that have joined the growing list of cardiovascular disease candidate genes (i.e. ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 and C6, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha, interleukin-6); and (3) studies showing that multiple genes appear to be at the intersection of several age-related disorders such as cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders and osteoporosis (i.e. apolipoprotein E, vitamin D receptor, matrix Gla protein, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, angiotensin-converting enzyme, estrogen receptor, androgen receptor, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase). Summary The dramatic increase in our ability to carry out genotyping is creating a tremendous wealth of information in terms of associations between genetic markers and biochemical or clinical phenotypes. Increased attention, however, should be placed on study design and replication of findings. This should also be facilitated by the inclusion of multiple markers per loci in order to provide a more precise definition of the alleles associated with the phenotypes of interest. Moreover, given the fact that most of the phenotypes are equally affected by genetic and environmental factors, studies should emphasize the analyses of their interaction. C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Ordovas, JM (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Nutr & Genom Lab, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. OI Ordovas, Jose/0000-0002-7581-5680 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL54776] NR 48 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0957-9672 J9 CURR OPIN LIPIDOL JI Curr. Opin. Lipidology PD FEB PY 2003 VL 14 IS 1 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1097/01.mol.0000052853.26236.e7 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 643TX UT WOS:000180877500009 PM 12544661 ER PT J AU Mistretta, CM Liu, HX Gaffield, W MacCallum, DK AF Mistretta, CM Liu, HX Gaffield, W MacCallum, DK TI Cyclopamine and jervine in embryonic rat tongue cultures demonstrate a role for Shh signaling in taste papilla development and patterning: fungiform papillae double in number and form in novel locations in dorsal lingual epithelium SO DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE taste papilla; sonic hedgehog; patched; cyclopamine; pattern formation; tongue ID SONIC-HEDGEHOG; LONG-RANGE; TRANSDUCING HEDGEHOG; ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT; MORPHOGENESIS; CHOLESTEROL; PATHWAY; MOUSE; MICE; INNERVATION AB From time of embryonic emergence, the gustatory papilla types on the mammalian tongue have stereotypic anterior and posterior tongue locations. Furthermore, on anterior tongue, the fungiform papillae are patterned in rows. Among the many molecules that have potential roles in regulating papilla location and pattern, Sonic hedgehog (Shh) has been localized within early tongue and developing papillae. We used an embryonic, tongue organ culture system that retains temporal, spatial, and molecular characteristics of in vivo taste papilla morphogenesis and patterning to study the role of Shh in taste papilla development. Tongues from gestational day 14 rat embryos, when papillae are just beginning to emerge on dorsal tongue, were maintained in organ culture for 2 days. The steroidal alkaloids, cyclopamine and jervine, that specifically disrupt the Shh signaling pathway, or a Shh-blocking antibody were added to the standard culture medium. Controls included tongues cultured in the standard medium alone, and with addition of solanidine, an alkaloid that resembles cyclopamine structurally but that does not disrupt Shh signaling. In cultures with cyclopamine, jervine, or blocking antibody, fungiform papilla numbers doubled on the dorsal tongue with a distribution that essentially eliminated inter-papilla regions, compared with tongues in standard medium or solanidine. In addition, fungiform papillae developed on posterior oral tongue, just in front of and beside the single circumvallate papilla, regions where fungiform papillae do not typically develop. The Shh protein was in all fungiform papillae in embryonic tongues, and tongue cultures with standard medium or cyclopamine, and was conspicuously localized in the basement membrane region of the papillae. Ptc protein had a similar distribution to Shh, although the immunoproduct was more diffuse. Fungiform papillae did not develop on pharyngeal or ventral tongue in cyclopamine and jervine cultures, or in the tongue midline furrow, nor was development of the single circumvallate papilla altered. The results demonstrate a prominent role for Shh in fungiform papilla induction and patterning and indicate differences in morphogenetic control of fungiform and circumvallate papilla development and numbers. Furthermore, a previously unknown, broad competence of dorsal lingual epithelium to form fungiform papillae on both anterior and posterior oral tongue is revealed. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Dent, Dept Biol & Mat Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. ARS, Western Reg Res Ctr, USDA, Albany, CA 94710 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Cell & Dev Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Mistretta, CM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Dent, Dept Biol & Mat Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC00456, R01 DC000456] NR 72 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0012-1606 J9 DEV BIOL JI Dev. Biol. PD FEB 1 PY 2003 VL 254 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 AR PII S0012-1606(02)00014-3 DI 10.1016/S0012-1606(02)00014-3 PG 18 WC Developmental Biology SC Developmental Biology GA 641EJ UT WOS:000180731500001 PM 12606278 ER PT J AU Black, AE Morgan, P Hessburg, PE AF Black, AE Morgan, P Hessburg, PE TI Social and biophysical correlates of change in forest landscapes of the interior Columbia Basin, USA SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE biophysical assessment; change detection; Columbia River Basin (USA); ICBEMP; landscape assessment; landscape ecology; Pacific Northwest; social assessment; spatial pattern ID GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; LAND-USE; DEFORESTATION; POPULATION; NORTHWEST; DYNAMICS; PATTERN; TRENDS; COVER; MODEL AB Understanding multi-scale interactions among human activities and biophysical factors in ecosystem dynamics is a critical step toward managing for long-term ecological integrity. Studying variation and change over multiple spatial and temporal scales (100-100 000 ha and 1-500 yr) allows one to tease apart the relative roles of these factors. Using meso-scale data predominantly from the recent Interior Columbia River Basin Ecosystem Management Project (ICBEMP), we assessed the role of several economic, demographic, cultural, climatic, topographic, and geologic factors in forest spatial pattern changes (from the 1930s to the 1990s) across 800 000 km(2) of the interior Northwest, USA. Our 228 forested subwatersheds (similar to10 000 ha) lie in 76 counties in six states. We identified key correlates of change; their hierarchical scale, and the scale of vegetation classification at which these correlates explained most change. We used general linear models and partial. multiple regression analysis, supplemented by logistic and correlation analysis. Models explained 40-93% of total variation. Changes were not necessarily correlated to factors of the same scale. Broad-scale social systems encompassing land ownership systems, economic market structures, and cultural value systems appear in all significant models regardless of the response scale. Biophysical parameters describing growing site conditions moderated or exacerbated changes. C1 Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Dept Forest Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. US Forest Serv, Forestry Sci Lab, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. RP Black, AE (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Aldo Leopold Wilderness Res Inst, USDA, RMRS, 790 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. NR 70 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 51 EP 67 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0051:SABCOC]2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 657JX UT WOS:000181663700005 ER PT J AU Horsley, SB Stout, SL DeCalesta, DS AF Horsley, SB Stout, SL DeCalesta, DS TI White-tailed deer impact on the vegetation dynamics of a northern hardwood forest SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE herbivory; management; northern hardwood forest; plant-herbivore interactions; plant-plant interference; seedling density; seedling height; species diversity; succession; ungulate; vegetation trajectory; white-tailed deer ID CANOPY-TREE SEEDLINGS; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; ISLE ROYALE; RESOURCE COMPETITION; SAGEBRUSH GRASSLAND; ALLEGHENY HARDWOODS; BROWSING PRESSURE; ECOLOGICAL FILTER; FERN UNDERSTORY; NATIONAL-PARKS AB Considerable controversy has arisen over the management of white-tailed deer in eastern landscapes where there is evidence of damage to forest vegetation, crops, and wildlife habitat attributable to deer. We examined the impact of 4, 8, 15, and 25 deer/km(2) on herbaceous layer abundance and tree seedling density, height development, species composition, and diversity for 10 yr in a repeated-measures randomized-complete-block experiment at four replicate cherry-maple forest sites in northwestern Pennsylvania, USA. At each 65-ha site, deer were placed in 13- or 26-ha fenced enclosures in which the landscape composition and forage production of a forest managed on a 100-yr rotation was simulated by clear-cutting 10% of each area and thinning 30% Vegetation was sampled 0-1, 3, 5, and 10 yr after treatment (YAT). We analyzed vegetative treatment responses separately in each silvicultural treatment. Time, was an important factor mediating responses at all deer densities. Rubus spp. abundance in all silvicultural treatments and the density of striped maple (STM) in clearcuts and birch (131), American beech (AB), and red maple (RM) in thinnings showed negative trends with increasing deer density. As deer density increased, we found negative linear trends in the height of 131, RM, and AB in clearcuts; in the height of AB, RM, and STM in thinnings; and in the height of AB. and RM in uncut stands. Species richness showed a negative linear trend with increasing deer density in all silvicultural treatments. Conversely, species avoided by deer or resilient to deer browsing increased with increasing deer density. Percent cover of ferns, grasses, and sedges showed positive, linear trends with deer density in clearcuts and in thinnings. The percentage of plots dominated by black cherry (BC) increased with increasing deer density in cut and uncut stands. The net result of increased deer impact was an altered trajectory of vegetation development dominated by species avoided by deer or resilient to deer,browsing. Negative effects on vegetation became significant at deer impact levels well below those observed in many eastern forests. Moreover, species not browsed or resilient to browsing may have indirect effects on vegetation development through plant-plant interactions and on wildlife habitat, quality for small mammals, birds, and deer. Managing these impacts is important as pressures to harvest and fragment eastern forests accelerate. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Warren, PA 16365 USA. RP Horsley, SB (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, POB 267, Irvine, PA 16329 USA. EM shorsley@fs.fed.us NR 112 TC 301 Z9 311 U1 27 U2 214 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 98 EP 118 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0098:WTDIOT]2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 657JX UT WOS:000181663700008 ER PT J AU Beever, EA Tausch, RJ Brussard, PF AF Beever, EA Tausch, RJ Brussard, PF TI Characterizing grazing disturbance in semiarid ecosystems across broad scales, using diverse indices SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE broad spatial scales; disturbance; Equus caballus; feral horses; grazing; Great Basin; landscape ecology; monitoring; Nevada; reciprocal averaging; semiarid ecosystems; TWINSPAN ID GREAT-BASIN DESERT; BROMUS-TECTORUM L; SMALL MAMMALS; SEMIDESERT GRASSLAND; VEGETATION RESPONSES; LIVESTOCK EXCLOSURE; STABLE STATES; FERAL HORSES; CENTRAL UTAH; NEW-MEXICO AB Although management and conservation strategies continue to move toward broader spatial scales and consideration of many taxonomic groups simultaneously, researchers have struggled to characterize responses to disturbance at these scales. Most studies of disturbance by feral grazers investigate effects on only one or two ecosystem elements across small spatial scales, limiting their applicability to ecosystem-level management. To address this inadequacy, in 1997 and 1998 we examined disturbance created by feral horses (Equus caballus) in nine mountain ranges of the western Great Basin, USA, using plants, small mammals, ants, and soil compaction as indicators. Nine horse-occupied and 10 horse-removed sites were stratified into high- and low-elevation groups, and all sites at each elevation had similar vegetation type, aspect, slope gradient, and recent (greater than or equal to 15-yr) fire and livestock-grazing histories. Using reciprocal averaging and TWINSPAN analyses, we compared relationships among sites using five data sets: abiotic variables, percent cover by plant species, an index of abundance by plant species, 10-disturbance-sensitive response variables, and grass and shrub species considered. "key" indicators by land managers. Although reciprocal averaging and TWINSPAN analyses of percent cover, abiotic variables, and key species suggested relationships between sites influenced largely by biogeography (i.e., mountain range), disturbance-sensitive variables clearly segregated horse-occupied and horse-removed sites. These analyses suggest that the influence of feral horses on many Great Basin ecosystem attributes is not being detected by monitoring only palatable plant species. We recommend development of an expanded monitoring strategy based not only on established vegetation measurements investigating forage consumption, but also including disturbance-sensitive variables (e.g., soil surface hardness, abundance of ant mounds) that more completely reflect the suite of effects that a large-bodied grazer may impose on mountain ecosystems, independent of vegetation differences. By providing a broader-based mechanism for detection of adverse effects, this strategy would provide management agencies with defensible data in a sociopolitical arena that has been embroiled in conflict for several decades. C1 Univ Nevada, Program Ecol Evolut & Conservat Biol 314, Reno, NV 89557 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Reno, NV 89512 USA. RP Beever, EA (reprint author), USGS, BRD, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 101 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 43 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 119 EP 136 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0119:CGDISE]2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 657JX UT WOS:000181663700009 ER PT J AU Peer, BD Homan, HJ Linz, GM Bleier, WJ AF Peer, BD Homan, HJ Linz, GM Bleier, WJ TI Impact of blackbird damage to sunflower: Bioenergetic and economic models SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE bioenergetics; Common Grackle; crop damage; economic valuation; modeling; Red-winged blackbird; sunflower; Yellow-headed blackbird ID RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS; AGELAIUS-PHOENICEUS; CROP; CORN; HABITAT; DIET AB dWe constructed bioenergetic and economic models to estimate the potential impact of Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), Common Grackles (Quiscalus quiscula), and Yellow-headed Blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) on production yields of sunflower in the northern Great Plains of North America. The amount of sunflower consumed annually by males and females, after considering field metabolic rates, energy. value and moisture content of achenes, and percentage of sunflower in diets was, respectively: Red-winged Blackbirds 277 g and 168 g; Common Grackles 267 g and 230 g; and Yellow-headed Blackbirds 248 g and 139 g. The per capita annual economic damage was: male Red-winged Blackbirds $0.09 (U.S. dollars), females $0.05; male Common Grackles $0.09, females $0.07; and male Yellow-headed Blackbirds $0.08, females $0.05. Annual loss, was $5.4 +/- 1.3 X 10(6) for all three species in aggregate, with Red-winged Blackbirds accounting for 52% of the loss. Blackbird damage represented 1.7% of the dollar value of the 1999 sunflower harvest in the northern Great Plains. This loss would-be inconsequential if damage were distributed evenly; however, bird damage is often localized around wetlands and can be economically debilitating to individual producers. Although our model was based on regional population estimates, it should perform well at local scales, provided that a local population can be defined, accurately estimated, and remains, stable in size over. the six-week length of the damage period. Because of the large numbers of blackbirds that congregate in the region during August and September prior to migration, sunflower producers should expect some crop losses. The solution to the conflict appears to be one that focuses not on eliminating all damage, but on preventing it from exceeding 5% per field. C1 USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Great Plains Field Stn, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. N Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Homan, HJ (reprint author), USDA, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Great Plains Field Stn, Bismarck, ND 58501 USA. NR 54 TC 29 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 13 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 248 EP 256 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0248:IOBDTS]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 657JX UT WOS:000181663700018 ER PT J AU Rosenberger, RS Peterson, GL Clarke, A Brown, TC AF Rosenberger, RS Peterson, GL Clarke, A Brown, TC TI Measuring dispositions for lexicographic preferences of environmental goods: integrating economics, psychology and ethics SO ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE environmental dispositions; environmental ethics; lexicographic preferences; paired comparisons; psychometrics ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; CONTINGENT VALUATION; PAIRED COMPARISONS; PLANNED BEHAVIOR; VALUING NATURE; PUBLIC-GOODS; ATTITUDES; POLICY AB This paper combines the psychometric methods of paired comparisons (PC) and environmental disposition measurement to assist in identifying lexicographic behavior in choice experiments. Our methodology obtains complete preference profiles of all elements in the choice set and measures of attitudinal dispositions, including an environmental ethics (EE) disposition, for all respondents. The methodology is applied across two treatments that differ only on the range of the dollar magnitudes-Treatment A ranges from $10 to $700 (USD) and Treatment B ranges from $10 to $9000 (USD). Dispositions of pastoralism (PA), antiquarianism and environmental ethicism tend to correlate positively with increasing preferences for environmental goods, while the disposition of environmental adaptation (EA) negatively correlates with preferences for environmental goods. The marginal effects of environmental dispositions are largest for respondents who do not value environmental goods highly (low valuers) and those who potentially value the goods lexicographically. The results demonstrate that information regarding our sample's attitudinal dispositions toward the environment may enable the differentiation of high valuers from lexicographic valuers of environmental goods. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 W Virginia Univ, Reg Res Inst, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. W Virginia Univ, Div Resource Management, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Forest & Range Expt Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Social Sci Inst, Port Republ, MD 20676 USA. RP Rosenberger, RS (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Reg Res Inst, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 41 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8009 J9 ECOL ECON JI Ecol. Econ. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 63 EP 76 AR PII S0921-8009(02)00221-5 DI 10.1016/S0921-8009(02)00221-5 PG 14 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics GA 653GP UT WOS:000181427100005 ER PT J AU Bailey, SW Buso, DC Likens, GE AF Bailey, SW Buso, DC Likens, GE TI Implications of sodium mass balance for interpreting the calcium cycle of a forested ecosystem SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calcium cycle; Ca : Na ratio; disturbance; forest ecosystems; mineral weathering; nutrient cycling; sodium mass balance ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; EXCHANGEABLE CATIONS; HUBBARD BROOK; ACID-RAIN; SOIL; OXALATE; ACIDIFICATION; DEPLETION; NUTRIENT; DEPOSITION AB Disturbance of forest ecosystems, such as that caused by harvesting or acid deposition, is thought to alter the ability of the ecosystem to retain nutrients. Although many watershed studies have suggested depletion of available calcium (Ca) pools, interpretation of ecosystem Ca mass balance has been limited by the difficulty in obtaining mineral weathering flux estimates. While many studies have suggested that weathering flux is insufficient to maintain available soil pools, measurements of concomitant changes in available soil pools are rare. Here, we critically examined application of the Ca:Na ratio method in interpreting the long-term. Ca budget of six northern hardwood watershed ecosystems at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Woodstock, New Hampshire, USA. Storage of sodium (Na) in biomass and secondary minerals and on cation exchange sites was low enough so that net ecosystem Na loss was essentially equivalent to mineral weathering flux. Mineral chemistry and mass balance considerations constrained the Ca:Na ratio of weathering products to a sufficiently narrow range that spatial and temporal changes in the ecosystem Ca:Na ratio could be interpreted as changes in contribution of available Ca pools to ecosystem loss. Depletion of available Ca pools was greater in the three experimentally manipulated watersheds with aggrading biomass compared to three reference watersheds with relatively mature forest conditions. Although accelerated loss of Ca in the first few years following disturbance has been documented by prior studies, this study suggests that excess Ca loss continues for at least three decades after treatment, with no evident trend toward the conditions shown in the reference watershed. It is not likely that changes in previously quantified Ca pools account for this sustained loss, suggesting that a previously unstudied Ca pool or release. mechanism may be important in ecosystem response to disturbance. Possible sources include Ca oxalate, which is known to accumulate in forest soils, but has not been considered in the context of an ecosystem mass balance. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, Campton, NH 03223 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. RP US Forest Serv, USDA, NE Res Stn, RR1 Box 779, Campton, NH 03223 USA. EM swbailey@fs.fed.us OI Bailey, Scott/0000-0002-9160-156X NR 53 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2003 VL 84 IS 2 BP 471 EP 484 DI 10.1890/0012-9658(2003)084[0471:IOSMBF]2.0.CO;2 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 654FB UT WOS:000181482600020 ER PT J AU Liebhold, A Bascompte, J AF Liebhold, A Bascompte, J TI The Allee effect, stochastic dynamics and the eradication of alien species SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE biological invasion; establishment; extinction; gypsy moth; Lymantria dispar; population dynamics ID ENVIRONMENTAL STOCHASTICITY; EXTINCTION TIMES; CONSERVATION; MODELS; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; THRESHOLDS; DISPERSAL; GENETICS; BEHAVIOR AB Previous treatments of the population biology of eradication have assumed that eradication can only be achieved via 100% removal of the alien population. However, this assumption appears to be incorrect because stochastic dynamics and the Allee effect typically contribute to the extinction of very low-density populations. We explore a model that incorporates Allee dynamics and stochasticity to observe how these two processes contribute to the extinction of isolated populations following eradication treatments of varying strength (percentage mortality). As a case study, we used historical data on the dynamics of isolated gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar , populations to fit parameters to this model. The parameterized model was then used in simulations that evaluated the efficacy of various eradication strategies. The results indicated that eradication of isolated gypsy moth populations could be easily achieved following a treatment of >80% mortality as long as populations were relatively low (indicated by <100 males captured in pheromone traps). C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. CSIC, Int Ecol Grp, Estac Biol Donana, E-41080 Seville, Spain. RP Liebhold, A (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Northeastern Res Stn, 180 Canfield St, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Bascompte, Jordi/B-7596-2008; Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008; CSIC, EBD Donana/C-4157-2011 OI Bascompte, Jordi/0000-0002-0108-6411; Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534; CSIC, EBD Donana/0000-0003-4318-6602 NR 50 TC 145 Z9 157 U1 3 U2 54 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 6 IS 2 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00405.x PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 635HX UT WOS:000180394400010 ER PT J AU Custer, CM Custer, TW Anteau, MJ Afton, AD Wooten, DE AF Custer, CM Custer, TW Anteau, MJ Afton, AD Wooten, DE TI Trace elements in lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) from the Mississippi flyway SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE lesser scaup; Aythya affinis; trace elements; selenium; chromium ID HEAVY-METALS; SELENIUM ACCUMULATION; BODY CONDITION; DIVING DUCKS; MERCURY; CONTAMINATION; MALLARDS; ALASKA; REPRODUCTION; POPULATIONS AB Previous research reported that concentrations of selenium in the livers of 88-95% of lesser scaup from locations in Lake Erie, Lake St. Clair, and Lake Michigan, USA were either elevated (10-33 mug/g dry weight [dw]) or in the potentially harmful range (>33 mug/g dw). In order to determine the geographic extent of these high selenium concentrations, we collected lesser scaup in Louisiana, Arkansas, Illinois, Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Manitoba and analyzed the livers for 19 trace elements. We found that all trace element concentrations, except for selenium, generally were low. Arsenic, which usually is not detected in liver samples, was detected in Louisiana and may be related to past agricultural usages. Chromium, which also is not usually detected, was only present in lesser scaup from Arkansas and may be related to fertilizer applications. Cadmium and mercury concentrations did not differ among locations and concentrations were low. Selenium concentrations in Arkansas (geometric mean = 4.2 mug/g dw) were significantly lower than those in Louisiana (10.7 mug/g dw), Illinois (10.5 mug/g dw), and Minnesota (8.0 mug/g dw); concentrations in Wisconsin and Manitoba were intermediate (6.6 and 6.5 mug/g dw). About 25% of lesser scaup livers contained elevated selenium concentrations; however, none were in the harmful range. We concluded that selenium concentrations in lesser scaup in the Mississippi Flyway are elevated in some individuals, but not to the extent that has been documented in the industrial portions of the Great Lakes. C1 USGS, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. Louisiana State Univ, USGS, Louisiana Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. ARS, USDA, Harry K Dupree Stuttgart Natl Aquaculture Res Ctr, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA. RP Custer, CM (reprint author), USGS, Upper Midwest Environm Sci Ctr, 2630 Fanta Reed Rd, La Crosse, WI 54603 USA. RI Custer, Christine/H-4871-2014; OI Custer, Thomas/0000-0003-3170-6519 NR 40 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD FEB-AUG PY 2003 VL 12 IS 1-4 BP 47 EP 54 DI 10.1023/A:1022584712262 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 648BB UT WOS:000181129000005 PM 12739856 ER PT J AU Horton, DR Broers, DA Lewis, RR Granatstein, D Zack, RS Unruh, TR Moldenke, AR Brown, JJ AF Horton, DR Broers, DA Lewis, RR Granatstein, D Zack, RS Unruh, TR Moldenke, AR Brown, JJ TI Effects of mowing frequency on densities of natural enemies in three Pacific Northwest pear orchards SO ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA LA English DT Article DE ground cover; biological control; weeds; predatory insects; parasitoids; pitfall samples; sweep net samples ID CODLING MOTH LEPIDOPTERA; APPLE ORCHARDS; GROUND COVER; BENEFICIAL ARTHROPODS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MANAGEMENT; TORTRICIDAE; SUCCESSION; CALIFORNIA; HOMOPTERA AB Effects of mowing frequency on ground cover composition and on numbers of predators, parasitoids, and select phytophagous arthropods in the ground cover of three reduced-insecticide pear orchards were determined. Concurrent samples taken in the tree canopy (with beating trays) and in the herbicide strips on the orchard floor ( with pitfall traps) tested whether counts of natural enemies in these two habitats were also affected by mowing regime. A reduction in frequency of mowing from two to three times per month (= control) to once per month or once per growing season led to increased cover of grasses, broadleaf plants, and broadleaf plants in flower. Sweep net samples of natural enemies in the ground cover were dominated numerically by spiders (Araneae), parasitic Hymenoptera, and predatory Heteroptera, with lesser numbers of other taxa (Syrphidae, Neuroptera, Coccinellidae). Predators and parasitoids showed substantial increases in numbers associated with decreased mowing frequency. Sweep net counts of aphids, Lygus spp. ( Heteroptera: Miridae), and leafhoppers/planthoppers, all potential prey of predators, also increased significantly with decreased mowing frequency. In the pitfall samples, only the European earwig (Forficula auricularia L.) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) exhibited a change in counts associated with mowing treatment; numbers of earwigs in pitfall traps declined as mowing frequency decreased. For the beat tray samples, mean tray counts for most natural enemy taxa were higher in the less frequently mowed plots, but significantly (P < 0.05) so only for two taxa: spiders and a predatory mirid, Deraeocoris brevis (Uhler) (Heteroptera: Miridae). It remains to be determined whether biological control of pests in the tree canopy can be enhanced by manipulating mowing frequency. Questions raised by this study include whether there is extensive movement by natural enemies between the ground cover and tree canopy, and whether plot size affects the likelihood of showing that mowing frequency influences predator densities in the tree canopy. C1 ARS, USDA, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Tree Fruit Res & Extens, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Entomol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Entomol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Horton, DR (reprint author), ARS, USDA, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd, Wapato, WA 98951 USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-8703 J9 ENTOMOL EXP APPL JI Entomol. Exp. Appl. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 106 IS 2 BP 135 EP 145 DI 10.1046/j.1570-7458.2003.00018.x PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 675RJ UT WOS:000182708800008 ER PT J AU Spurgeon, DW AF Spurgeon, DW TI Age dependence of pheromone production by the boll weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthononuts grandis; boll weevil; pheromone; component ratio; volatile collection AB Factors influencing pheromone production by the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, have been extensively studied, yet recent research using new methods suggests much remains unknown in this regard. The studies reported herein examined age-related changes in production and composition of pheromone at ages from 0 to 6 d, and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 d, respectively, and evaluated the association between accessory gland condition and pheromone production. Estimates of pheromone from extracted feces were near the upper values previously reported. However, approximate to95% of the total pheromone was obtained from headspace collections. Based on feces extractions, pheromone production increased with age until the sixth day, while headspace collections indicated an increase in production until the ninth day of adulthood. The boll weevil pheromone is composed of two alcohols (components I and II) and two aldehydes (components III and IV), and ratios of these components changed with age. Component I was dominant for the first days of adult life, but the composition subsequently stabilized at approximate to42.5:42.5:5:10 (I:II:III:IV). Also, high levels of pheromone production were associated with well-developed accessory glands, while weevils with small, transparent glands produced little or no pheromone. These results demonstrate production of pheromone in greater quantities, and at earlier ages, than was previously recognized. Additional study using the methods reported herein should provide improved understanding of the dynamics of boll weevil pheromone production that will facilitate ecological interpretation of field data and improvements in trapping systems. C1 USDA ARS, Area Pest Management Res Unit, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Spurgeon, DW (reprint author), USDA ARS, Area Pest Management Res Unit, 2771 F&B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-32.1.31 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 653HV UT WOS:000181429900005 ER PT J AU Showler, AT Greenberg, SM AF Showler, AT Greenberg, SM TI Effects of weeds on selected arthropod herbivore and natural enemy populations, and on cotton growth and yield SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anthonomus grandis; boll weevil; cotton; natural enemies; vegetative diversity; weeds ID IMPORTED FIRE ANT; TRAP CROP; PREDATOR; HOMOPTERA; ALFALFA; CORN AB Vegetative diversification with weeds can enhance natural enemy populations and suppress pest-related damage in various crops. Weedy and weed-free cotton (Gossilphon hirsution, L.) plots were used to study the effects of weediness on selected herbivorous arthropod groups, including the boll weevil (Anthonoinus grandis grandis Boheman), and natural enemies, boll weevil-induced injury to cotton squares, and cotton plant growth and yield in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, during 2000 and 2001. The presence of weeds was associated with greater populations of 9 of the 11 prey arthropod groups, and 9 of the 13 natural enemy arthropod groups counted in this study. These trends were mostly evident late in the season when weed biomass was greatest. Weed-free cotton harbored more cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover), early in the season and silverleaf whiteflies (Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring) later in the season than weedy cotton on some of the sampling dates. Diversity (Shannon's index) within the selected arthropod groups counted in this study was significantly greater in dvac samples front the weed foliage than from weed-free cotton plants during both years, and diversity on weedy cotton plants was greater than on weed-free cotton plants during 2000. Boll weevil oviposition injury to squares was unaffected by weeds, but the higher weed-associated predator populations mainly occurred after most squares had become less vulnerable bolls. Weed competition resulted in lower lint yields of 89% and 32% in the 2 yr. C1 USDA ARS, SARC, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. RP Showler, AT (reprint author), USDA ARS, SARC, 2413 E Highway 83, Weslaco, TX 78596 USA. NR 44 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 17 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 39 EP 50 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-32.1.39 PG 12 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 653HV UT WOS:000181429900006 ER PT J AU Gore, J Leonard, BR Jones, RH AF Gore, J Leonard, BR Jones, RH TI Influence of agronomic hosts on the susceptibility of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) to genetically engineered and non-engineered cottons SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Helicoverpa zea; host plants; Bt ID NUCLEAR-POLYHEDROSIS-VIRUS; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; BOLLWORM LEPIDOPTERA; GYPSY-MOTH; DETOXICATION ENZYMES; DETOXIFYING ENZYMES; LYMANTRIA-DISPAR; FALL ARMYWORM; PLANT; ALLELOCHEMICALS AB Field and laboratory studies evaluated the influence of selected crop hosts on Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) population dynamics in relation to genetically engineered Bt (Bollgard) and non-Bt cottons. Host specific H. zea colonies were initiated with a colony originally collected from sweet corn. The colony was allowed to complete one generation on meridic diet then split into cohorts and allowed to complete one generation on field corn, grain sorghum, soybean, cotton, or meridic diet in individual 29.5 ml plastic cups. During the first part of the study, larval developmental times, pupal weights, and survival were measured. H. zea survival was higher on meridic diet and grain sorghum than on soybean and cotton. Development of H. zea larvae was faster on field corn than all other larval diets. Also, H. zea required a longer period of time to complete development on cotton than on the other hosts. Pupal weights were higher on meridic diet than the plant hosts. Pupal weights of H. zea that completed larval stadia on cotton were lower than on the other larval diets. Neonates (F-1) from each of the host specific colonies (200 per colony) were exposed to Bt and non-Bt cottons. Mortality of second generation H. zea on non-Bt and Bt cottons was measured at 96 h. H. Zea larvae from the cotton colony had higher mortality on non-Bt cotton than the other host specific colonies except the grain sorghum colony. On Bt cotton, larvae from the corn colony had a higher level of mortality than larvae from the soybean and grain sorghum colonies. These data provide valuable information for evaluating the contribution of cultivated hosts as additional, alternative refugia in Bt cotton resistance management plans. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. LSU AgCenter, NE Res Stn, Winnsboro, LA 71295 USA. RP Gore, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, SIMRU, POB 346, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA. NR 55 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-32.1.103 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 653HV UT WOS:000181429900013 ER PT J AU Westbrook, JK Spurgeon, DN Eyster, RS Schleider, PG AF Westbrook, JK Spurgeon, DN Eyster, RS Schleider, PG TI Emergence of overwintered boll weevils (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) in relation to microclimatic factors SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE overwintering; emergence; microclimate; boll weevils ID TEXAS ROLLING PLAINS; WINTER SURVIVAL; SPRING EMERGENCE; HABITAT; PROFILE AB The boll weevil, Anthonomns grandis Boheman, enters a diapause state to survive winters in temperate regions and subsequently emerges from overwintering habitats to infest squaring cotton in the spring. Previous research has found that boll weevil overwintering emergence is closely associated with climatic patterns of temperature and precipitation. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of temperature, humidity, and other meteorological factors on the temporal pattern of boll weevil emergence, and to compare the physiological and morphological conditions of emerged and trapped weevils. Emergence cages were infested with diapausing weevils in the fail. Daily emergence and microclimatic conditions of the leaf litter and air were monitored until the subsequent summer. Air temperature and relative humidity, incident solar radiation, and precipitation were significantly greater on emergence dates than on dates with no emergence. Emerged and trapped weevils were dissected to assess their morphology. Emerged weevils tended to exhibit greater fat body development, a higher frequency of testicular atrophy, and less ovary development than trapped weevils. None of the emerged weevils were rated extra lean and no trapped weevils were rated fat. These results are consistent with previously-reported effects of climatic factors on weevil emergence in other areas of the Cotton Belt, and add new information about the physiological and morphological characteristics of emerged weevils. This information on the dynamics and mechanisms of overwintering provides insight that should be helpful in formulating improved predictive models, risk assessments, and management strategies for the boll weevil. C1 USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, SPARC, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Westbrook, JK (reprint author), USDA ARS, Areawide Pest Management Res Unit, SPARC, 2771 F & B Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-32.1.133 PG 8 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 653HV UT WOS:000181429900016 ER PT J AU McQuate, GT Jones, GD Sylva, CD AF McQuate, GT Jones, GD Sylva, CD TI Assessment of corn pollen as a food source for two tephritid fruit fly species SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bactrocera citcurbitae; Bactrocera dorsalis; natural food sources; Zea mays; pollen; cucurbits ID FLIES DIPTERA; RICINUS-COMMUNIS AB The melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) is a serious pest of cucurbit crops. Although melon fly females oviposit in cucurbit crops, both males and females are frequently associated with a range of nonhost plants, including both crops such as corn (Zea mays C. Linnaeus) and wild plants such as castor bean (Ricinus communis C. Linnaeus) that occur within the cropping area or along the crop borders. This association with nonhost plants has been used for control purposes through the technique of spraying protein baits incorporating a toxicant on these nonhost plants. Association of melon flies to corn has not been reported to be tied to any phenological stage of corn. We report field studies that show that melon flies, as well as oriental fruit flies, B. dorsalis (Hendel), may show increased population levels in corn at the time of, and subsequent to, flowering and pollen shed and suggest that this population increase may be tied to pollen consumption. Before this, pollen had not been reported to be an important food source for the tropical Bactrocera spp. C1 USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. RP McQuate, GT (reprint author), USDA ARS, US Pacific Basin Agr Res Ctr, POB 4459, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 141 EP 150 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-32.1.141 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 653HV UT WOS:000181429900017 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Ilan, DI Gardner, WA Fuxa, JR Wood, BW Nguyen, KB Adams, BJ Humber, RA Hall, MJ AF Shapiro-Ilan, DI Gardner, WA Fuxa, JR Wood, BW Nguyen, KB Adams, BJ Humber, RA Hall, MJ TI Survey of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi endemic to pecan orchards of the Southeastern United States and their virulence to the pecan weevil (Coleoptera : Curculionidae) SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Beauveria bassiana; Curculio caryae; Heterorhabditis; Metarhizium anisopliae; pecan; Steinernema ID DIAPREPES-ABBREVIATUS COLEOPTERA; BEAUVERIA-BASSIANA CONIDIA; CARYAE COLEOPTERA; SOIL TYPE; RHABDITIDA; STEINERNEMATIDAE; HETERORHABDITIDAE; PERSISTENCE; LARVAE; SUPPRESSION AB The pecan weevil, Curculio caryae (Horn), is a major pest of pecans in the Southeastern United States. Entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi are potential alternatives to chemical insecticides for C. caryae control. Our objective was to survey pecan orchards in the southeastern United States for entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi and determine the virulence of the new isolates to C. caryae larvae. Soil was collected from 105 sites in 21 orchards in Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Entomopathogens were isolated by exposing soil to C. caryae and greater wax moth larvae, Galleria mellonella, (L.). We isolated entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes from 16 and 6 of the 21 orchards surveyed, respectively. The entomopathogenic fungi included Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarbizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, and nematodes included Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, Steirrentema carpocapsae (Weiser), Steinernema glaseri (Steiner), and Steinernema rarum (Doucet). This is the first report of Steinernema rarum in the United States. Soil characteristics in orchards were analyzed for pH, organic matter, and nutrients; we detected a negative relationship between fungal occurrence and manganese levels in soil and a positive relationship between M. anisopliae occurrence and calcium or magnesium levels. In laboratory assays, virulence of 15 nematode and 22 fungal isolates to C. caryae larvae was tested in small plastic cups containing soil. Results indicated poor susceptibility of the C. caryae larvae to entomopathogenic nematodes. Several fungal isolates that caused significantly higher mortality in C. caryae larvae than other strains (including a commercial strain of B. bassiana) should be investigated further as potential control agents of C. caryae. C1 USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Nut Res Lab, Byron, GA 31008 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Louisiana Agr Expt Stn, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. USDA ARS, US Plant Soil & Nutr Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Agr, Shreveport, LA 71135 USA. RP Shapiro-Ilan, DI (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Fruit & Nut Res Lab, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA 31008 USA. RI Adams, Byron/C-3808-2009 OI Adams, Byron/0000-0002-7815-3352 NR 50 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 10 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-32.1.187 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 653HV UT WOS:000181429900022 ER PT J AU Cardoza, YJ Lait, CG Schmelz, EA Huang, J Tumlinson, JH AF Cardoza, YJ Lait, CG Schmelz, EA Huang, J Tumlinson, JH TI Fungus-induced biochemical changes in peanut plants and their effect on development of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua Hubner (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) larvae SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Spodoptera exigua; plant-insect interaction; plant biochemistry; white mold; beet armyworm; larval development ID SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; PROTEINASE-INHIBITORS; SALICYLIC-ACID; JASMONIC ACID; LYCOPERSICON-ESCULENTUM; DISEASE RESISTANCE; MELANOPLUS-DIFFERENTIALIS; MEDIATED INTERACTIONS; HERBIVOROUS INSECTS; SIGNAL INTERACTIONS AB In choice tests, beet armyworm (BAW), Spodoptera exigua, larvae feed preferentially on leaves from peanut plants, Arachis hypogaea L., previously infected by the white mold fungus Sclerotium rolfsii Saccodes (mitosporic fungi) (Cardoza et al. 2002). In this study we determined that third instar BAW caterpillars allowed to feed on S. rolfsii-infected plants had significantly higher survival, produced significantly heavier pupae, and had shorter time to pupation than those allowed to feed on healthy plants. Leaf tissue from white mold infected peanut plants contained similar levels of soluble and insoluble protein, but significantly higher levels of soluble sugars. In addition, white mold-infected plants had significantly lower starch content and total Soluble phenolics compared with leaves from healthy plants. Levels of jasmonic acid were similar in plants attacked by either the fungus or BAW, but were significantly higher in plants that were infected by the fungus and then fed on by BAW. Salicylic acid (SA) levels in fungus-infected plants were not significantly different front those of control plants. However, levels of SA in plants damaged by BAW alone were significantly lower than those of plants under simultaneous attack by the fungus and BAW. C1 USDA ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL 32604 USA. RP Cardoza, YJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Entomol & Nematol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Tumlinson, James/G-8358-2011 NR 69 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 17 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0046-225X J9 ENVIRON ENTOMOL JI Environ. Entomol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 220 EP 228 DI 10.1603/0046-225X-32.1.220 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 653HV UT WOS:000181429900027 ER PT J AU Vellidis, G Smith, MC Leibowitz, SG Ainslie, WB Pruitt, BA AF Vellidis, G Smith, MC Leibowitz, SG Ainslie, WB Pruitt, BA TI Prioritizing wetland restoration for sediment yield reduction: A conceptual model SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE synoptic approach; sediment reduction; watershed; welland restoration; geographic prioritization; conceptual model; Southeast Region; Region 4; criterion; indicator; measurement end point ID RIPARIAN FOREST; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; CUMULATIVE IMPACTS; FRAMEWORK; FILTERS; QUALITY; VALUES; AREAS; ZONE AB In a climate of limited resources, it is often necessary to prioritize restoration efforts geographically. The synoptic approach is an ecologically based tool for geographic prioritization of wetland protection and restoration efforts. The approach was specifically designed to incorporate best professional judgment in cases where information and resources are otherwise limited. Synoptic assessments calculate indices for functional criteria in subunits (watersheds, counties, etc.) of a region and then rank the subunits. Ranks can be visualized in region-scale maps which enable managers to identify areas where efforts optimize functional performance on a regional scale. In this paper, we develop a conceptual model for prioritizing watersheds whose wetlands can be restored to reduce total sediment yield at the watershed outlet. The conceptual model is designed to rank watersheds but not individual wetlands within a watershed. The synoptic approach is valid for applying the sediment yield reduction model because there is high demand for prioritizing disturbed wetlands for restoration, but there is limited, quantitative, accurate information available with which to make decisions. Furthermore, the cost of creating a comprehensive database is prohibitively high. Finally, because the model will be used for planning purposes, and, specifically, for prioritizing based on multiple decisions rather than optimizing a single decision, the consequence of prioritization errors is low. Model results cannot be treated as scientific findings. The conclusions of an assessment are based on judgement, but this judgement is guided by scientific principles and a general understanding of relevant ecological processes. The conceptual model was developed as the first step towards prioritizing of wetland restoration for sediment yield reduction in US EPA Region 4. C1 Univ Georgia, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US EPA, Wetlands Sect, Atlanta Fed Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. USDA ARS, Ecol Assessment Branch, Sci & Ecosyst Support Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Vellidis, G (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Biol & Agr Engn Dept, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. NR 51 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 31 IS 2 BP 301 EP 312 DI 10.1007/s00267-002-2801-9 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 635FV UT WOS:000180389100012 PM 12520384 ER PT J AU Wu, JG Laird, DA AF Wu, JG Laird, DA TI Abiotic transformation of chlorpyrifos to chlorpyrifos oxon in chlorinated water SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chlorpyrifos; chlorpyrifos oxon; toxicity; transformation; tap water ID INDOOR AB In vivo transformation of chlorpyrifos to chlorpyrifos oxon is believed to be a prerequisite for this insecticide to display acute toxicity to organisms. We discovered that active chlorine dispersed in water causes the rapid abiotic transformation of chlorpyrifos to chlorpyrifos oxon. The proposed mechanism for the transformation is an electrophilic attack by hypochlorous acid (HOCl) on the thion (P = S) double bond of chlorpyrifos followed by desulfuration of chlorpyrifos to its oxon analog. The pH of a Cl-aqueous solution controls the speciation of HOCl and hypochlorite (OCl-) in water and thereby influences the transformation process. Chlorpyrifos oxon is a potent anticholinesterase that is about 1,000 times more toxic than chlorpyrifos. Because chlorination is commonly used for treatment of domestic water supplies, the findings raise a new concern about the safety of domestic use of chlorpyrifos products. C1 USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Agr Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Agron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Laird, DA (reprint author), USDA, Natl Soil Tilth Lab, Agr Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Laird, David/E-8598-2014 NR 15 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 10 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 261 EP 264 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(2003)022<0261:ATOCTC>2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 637HC UT WOS:000180504800004 PM 12558155 ER PT J AU Stern, NJ Hiett, KL Alfredsson, GA Kristinsson, KG Reiersen, J Hardardottir, H Briem, H Gunnarsson, E Georgsson, F Lowman, R Berndtson, E Lammerding, AM Paoli, GM Musgrove, MT AF Stern, NJ Hiett, KL Alfredsson, GA Kristinsson, KG Reiersen, J Hardardottir, H Briem, H Gunnarsson, E Georgsson, F Lowman, R Berndtson, E Lammerding, AM Paoli, GM Musgrove, MT TI Campylobacter spp. in Icelandic poultry operations and human disease SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID JEJUNI; BROILERS; INFECTIONS; ENTERITIS; RECOVERY; CHICKEN; MEATS AB We describe the observed relationship of campylobacter in poultry operations to human cases in a closed environment. During 1999 in Iceland, domestic cases of campylobacteriosis reached peak levels at 116/100 000 and in 2000 dropped to 33/100 000. Approximately 62% of broiler carcass rinses were contaminated with Campylobacter spp. in 1999. During 2000, only 15% of the broiler flocks tested Campylobacter spp. positive. In 2000, carcasses from flocks which tested positive on the farms at 4 weeks of age were subsequently frozen prior to distribution. We suggest that public education, enhanced on-farm biological security measures, carcass freezing and other unidentified factors, such as variations in weather, contributed to the large reduction in poultry-borne campylobacteriosis. There is no immediate basis for assigning credit to any specific intervention. We continue to seek additional information to understand the decline in campylobacteriosis and to create a risk assessment model for Campylobacter spp. transmission through this well defined system. C1 USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Univ Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. Landspitali Univ Hosp, Reykjavik, Iceland. Chief Vet Off, Reykjavik, Iceland. Directorate Hlth, Reykjavik, Iceland. Inst Expt Pathol, Reykjavik, Iceland. Environm & Food Agcy Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Swe Chick, Hyllinge, Sweden. Hlth Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada. Decisionalysis Risk Consultants, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Stern, NJ (reprint author), USDA ARS, Poultry Microbiol Safety Res Unit, 950 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30604 USA. NR 22 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 130 IS 1 BP 23 EP 32 DI 10.1017/S0950268802007914 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 672DY UT WOS:000182506900003 PM 12613742 ER PT J AU Krauss, KW Allen, JA Cahoon, DR AF Krauss, KW Allen, JA Cahoon, DR TI Differential rates of vertical accretion and elevation change among aerial root types in Micronesian mangrove forests SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE accretion; sedimentation; mangrove swamps; Pacific islands; Micronesia ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; SEDIMENT; VEGETATION; TRANSPORT; WETLAND; IMPACTS AB Root systems in mangrove swamps have captured the attention of scientists for decades. Among the postulated roles of root structures include a contribution to the geomorphological stability of mangrove soils through sediment trapping and binding. In this study, we used feldspar marker horizons and sediment pins to investigate the influence of three different functional root types-prop roots in Rhizophora spp., root knees in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and pneumatophores in Sonneratia alba-on vertical accretion and elevation change in three mangrove forests in the Federated States of Micronesia. Prop roots facilitated vertical accretion (11.0 mm year(-1)) more than pneumatophores or bare soil controls (mean, 8.3 mm year(-1)). Sediment elevation, on the other hand, increased at an average rate of only 1.3 mm year(-1) across all root types, with rate differences by root type, ranging from -0.2 to 3.4 mm year(-1), being detected within river basins. This investigation demonstrates that prop roots can assist in the settling of suspended sediments from estuarine waters, yet prop root structures are not as successful as pneumatophores in maintaining sediment elevation over 2.5 years. As root densities increase over time, an increase in turbulence-induced erosion and in shallow subsidence as organic peat layers form is expected in Micronesian mangrove forests. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Wetlands Res Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Krauss, KW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Inst Pacific Isl Forestry, 1151 Punchbowl St,Rm 323, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RI Allen, James/K-9141-2013 OI Allen, James/0000-0001-6459-5734 NR 33 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 33 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 56 IS 2 BP 251 EP 259 DI 10.1016/S0272-7714(02)00184-1 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 663UE UT WOS:000182023900007 ER PT J AU Fleischer, K Schmidt, G Rumsey, TS Fritsche, S Steinhart, H Kahl, S Elsasser, TH AF Fleischer, K Schmidt, G Rumsey, TS Fritsche, S Steinhart, H Kahl, S Elsasser, TH TI Comparison of steroid hormone patterns in different fat tissues of Synovex-S implanted and control steers SO EUROPEAN FOOD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE steroid pattern; Synovex-S; progesterone; steers; fat depots ID PROGESTERONE; TESTOSTERONE; ESTRADIOL-17-BETA; RESIDUES; CALVES; MUSCLE; CATTLE; GROWTH AB Four different adipose tissues (kidney fat, heart fat, fat over rib, tailhead fat) of six control and seven Synovex-S (containing progesterone and 17beta-estradiol benzoate)-implanted steers were investigated for their profiles of progesterone, androgens, and their precursors and metabolites. The steers were implanted with Synovex-S and slaughtered after 84 days. The tissues represent different bovine depot fats. Kidney and heart fat deposit at an earlier stage of development than the other subcutaneous fat tissues was investigated. Androgens, their precursors and progesterone were analysed by GCMS. Estrogens could not be detected by GC-MS. Resulting hormone patterns were compared between treatments and between fat depots. The statistical Kruskal-Wallis-H-test was used for comparison. The adipose tissues showed similar hormone patterns. Only progesterone showed an increased concentration in adipose tissues of implanted steers. The steroid patterns did not show the influence of exogenous steroid administration. C1 Univ Hamburg, Dept Biochem & Food Chem, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. USDA ARS, ANRI, Growth Biol Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Steinhart, H (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Dept Biochem & Food Chem, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1438-2377 J9 EUR FOOD RES TECHNOL JI Eur. Food Res. Technol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 216 IS 2 BP 99 EP 103 DI 10.1007/s00217-002-0639-2 PG 5 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 652QH UT WOS:000181389500002 ER PT J AU Dungan, RS Ibekwe, AM Yates, SR AF Dungan, RS Ibekwe, AM Yates, SR TI Effect of propargyl bromide and 1,3-dichloropropene on microbial communities in an organically amended soil SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microbial community structure; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; dehydrogenase activity; 16S rRNA; organic amendment; fumigant pesticide ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SUBSTRATE-INDUCED RESPIRATION; PESTICIDE-TREATED SOILS; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; CONTAMINATED SOILS; BIOMASS; AMENDMENTS; DEGRADATION; GENES AB In this study we investigated the response of microbial communities in unamended and manure-amended soil treated with the fumigants propargyl bromide (PBr) and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D). The soil fumigants were applied at a rate of 10, 100, and 500 mg kg(-1). After treatment of the soils, the metabolic activity was assessed by monitoring the dehydrogenase activity (DHA). PBr and 1,3-D initially inhibited the DHA when applied at 500 mg kg-1; however, after 8 weeks, recovery of the DHA only occurred in amended soil. Bacterial community level changes were monitored over a 12-week period after fumigation using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rDNA fragments. Band numbers were drastically reduced upon application of the fumigants, but reestablished more rapidly in the amended soil. To determine changes in the community diversity, the Shannon Weaver index of diversity, H, was calculated for all treatments. In unamended and amended soil, the community diversity decreased with increasing fumigant concentration. In the PBr-treated soils, the diversity was higher in amended soil at all concentrations throughout the study, while in the 1,3-D treatments, the results were mixed. At 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after fumigation, major bands were excised from the gels and the DNA was cloned for sequence analysis. The bacterial communities in the fumigated amended soils were dominated by Streptomyces spp., other genera of actinomycetales, including Frankia, Cytophagales, Actinomadura, and Geodermatophilus, and a number of unidentified bacteria. Our results suggest that it may be feasible to reduce the impact of fumigant pesticides on soil microbial populations by stimulating microbial community structure, diversity and activity through the addition of organic amendments. (C) 2002 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Dungan, RS (reprint author), USDA ARS, George E Brown Jr Salin Lab, 450 W Big Springs Rd, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. NR 50 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-6496 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL JI FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. PD FEB 1 PY 2003 VL 43 IS 1 BP 75 EP 87 AR PII S0168-6496(02)00398-7 DI 10.1016/S0168-6496(02)00398-7 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 644WV UT WOS:000180944100008 PM 19719698 ER PT J AU Blodgett, JT Bonello, P AF Blodgett, JT Bonello, P TI The aggressiveness of Sphaeropsis sapinea on Austrian pine varies with isolate group and site of infection SO FOREST PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JACK PINES; RED AB The aggressiveness of the A and B isolate groups (morphotypes) of Sphaeropsis sapinea on shoot tips and lower stems of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra ) was compared. The distinct differences in aggressiveness between the two S. sapinea groups, previously reported for other conifers, are confirmed for Austrian pine. However, the relative aggressiveness of the B group isolate varied by site of infection. Although the B group isolate of S. sapinea was not aggressive on shoot tips of Austrian pine, it was aggressive on stems of this host. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Blodgett, JT (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Hlth Management, Rapid City, SD 57702 USA. RI Bonello, Pierluigi/E-2776-2011 NR 11 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA KURFURSTENDAMM 57, D-10707 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1437-4781 J9 FOREST PATHOL JI Forest Pathol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 33 IS 1 BP 15 EP 19 DI 10.1046/j.1439-0329.2003.00303.x PG 5 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 645GU UT WOS:000180968500003 ER PT J AU Christiansen, AW Vick, CB Okkonen, EA AF Christiansen, AW Vick, CB Okkonen, EA TI Development of a novolak-based hydroxymethylated resorcinol coupling agent for wood adhesives SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID EPOXY BONDS; DURABILITY AB A hydroxymethylated resorcinol (HMR) coupling agent was previously shown to enhance the exterior durability of bonds between wood and epoxy or other thermosetting wood adhesives, as well as bonds between phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde and southern pine treated with chromated copper arsenate. When originally developed, HMR had no shelf life, so the resorcinol and formaldehyde components had to be mixed and reacted for several hours before being ready for application. Now we have developed an HMR coupling agent in the form of a liquid novolak prepolymer that remains chemically stable in storage. The novolak HMR is deficient in formaldehyde in its prepolymer state, which makes it stable. With the addition of formaldehyde, the reaction resumes. In the most effective formulation, one-quarter of the formaldehyde was incorporated into the novolak, and three-quarters of the formaldehyde was added to the novolak when it was ready for use. In this study, the reactivated HMR was usable immediately and up to at least 7 hours after the final addition of formaldehyde. The new form of HMR is as effective a coupling agent as the original HMR (based on ASTM D 2559), and capable of producing epoxy bonds to wood that easily pass the delamination requirements (5% maximum for softwoods) of ASTM D 2559 after exposure to the severe accelerated aging test. Differential scanning calorimetry and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance were used to determine the reactivity and changing chemical structure of the novolak HMR. C1 US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP Christiansen, AW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab, USDA, 1 Gifford Pinchot Dr, Madison, WI 53726 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 53 IS 2 BP 32 EP 38 PG 7 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 647TN UT WOS:000181110300005 ER PT J AU Araman, PA Winn, MF Kabir, MF Torcheux, X Loizeaud, G AF Araman, PA Winn, MF Kabir, MF Torcheux, X Loizeaud, G TI Unsound defect volume in hardwood pallet cants SO FOREST PRODUCTS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PARTS AB A study was conducted to determine the percentage of unsound defect volume to sound/clear wood in pallet cants at selected sawmills in Virginia and West Virginia. Splits, wane, shake, holes, decay, unsound knots, bark pockets, and mechanical defects were all considered to be unsound. Data were collected from seven Appalachian area sawmills for four hardwood species: red oak (Quercus rubra, L.), white oak (Quercus alba, L), yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera, L.), and basswood (Tilia americana, L.). White oak and yellow-poplar had higher percentages of unsound defect volume compared to red oak and basswood. Regardless of the mills and species, splits accounted for the highest percentage of defect volume per cant. Decay, bark pockets, shake, and holes also contributed significantly to the total defect volume. The majority of unsound defects in white oak and red oak consisted of holes, decay, splits, and shake. Ninety percent of the cants had defect volumes less than 10 percent, and 2 percent of the cants had unsound defect volumes higher than 30 percent. This study suggests that cants can be pre-sorted and some even culled before processing into pallet parts, which ultimately will reduce the processing cost and produce high quality, longer-lasting pallets. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Blacksburg, VA USA. Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. Sch Timber Engn, Nantes, France. RP Araman, PA (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Blacksburg, VA USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705-2295 USA SN 0015-7473 J9 FOREST PROD J JI For. Prod. J. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 53 IS 2 BP 45 EP 49 PG 5 WC Forestry; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Forestry; Materials Science GA 647TN UT WOS:000181110300007 ER PT J AU Jenkins, JC Chojnacky, DC Heath, LS Birdsey, RA AF Jenkins, JC Chojnacky, DC Heath, LS Birdsey, RA TI National-scale biomass estimators for United States tree species SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE allometric equations; forest biomass; forest inventory; global carbon cycle ID BETULA-PAPYRIFERA MARSH; MENZIESII VAR MENZIESII; YOUNG DOUGLAS-FIR; ESTIMATION EQUATIONS; ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS; PSEUDOTSUGA-MENZIESII; POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; LOBLOLLY-PINE; BLACK SPRUCE; LEAF-AREA AB Estimates of national-scale forest carbon (C) stocks and fluxes are typically based on allometric regression equations developed using dimensional analysis techniques. However, the literature is inconsistent and incomplete with respect to large-scale forest C estimation. We compiled all available diameter-based allometric regression equations for estimating total aboveground and component biomass, defined in dry weight terms, for trees in the United States. We then implemented a modified meta-analysis based on the published equations to develop a set of consistent, national-scale aboveground biomass regression equations for U.S. species. Equations for predicting biomass of tree components were developed as proportions of total aboveground biomass for hardwood and softwood groups. A comparison with recent equations used to develop large-scale biomass estimates from U.S. forest inventory data for eastern U.S. species suggests general agreement (+/- 30%) between biomass estimates. The comparison also shows that differences in equation forms and species groupings may cause differences at small scales depending on tree size and forest species composition. This analysis represents the first major effort to compile and analyze all available biomass literature in a consistent national-scale framework. The equations developed here are used to compute the biomass estimates used by the model FORCARB to develop, the U.S. C budget. C1 US Forest Serv, George D Aiken Forestry Sci Lab, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Global Change Program, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Louis C Wyman Forestry Sci Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20090 USA. RP Jenkins, JC (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, 690 Main St, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM jennifer.c.jenkins@uva.edu; dchojnacky@fs.fed.us; Lheath@fs.fed.us; rbirdsey@fs.fed.us NR 149 TC 538 Z9 574 U1 19 U2 135 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 49 IS 1 BP 12 EP 35 PG 24 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 643JL UT WOS:000180858100002 ER PT J AU Johnson, DS Williams, MS Czaplewski, RL AF Johnson, DS Williams, MS Czaplewski, RL TI Comparison of estimators for rolling samples using forest inventory and analysis data SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE rolling samples; panel survey; annual inventory; FIA; weighted average ID SYSTEM AB The performance of three classes of weighted average estimators is studied for an annual inventory design similar to the Forest Inventory and Analysis program of the United States. The first class is based on an ARIMA(0,1,1) time series model. The equal weight, simple moving average is a member of this class. The second class is based on an ARIMA(0,2,2) time series model. The final class is based on a locally weighted least-squares regression prediction. The estimator properties were tested using a simulation population created from Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data from northeastern Minnesota. Estimates of total volume per acre, on-growth volume per acre, mortality volume per acre, proportion of sawtimber acreage, proportion of poletimber acreage, and proportion of sapling acreage were calculated using several weighted average estimators in each year. These were compared to the simulation population, for which the true values are known, and an unbiased yearly estimator. When computing estimates, the ARIMA(0,1,1) based estimators produced the lowest root mean squared error of each of the three classes. However, in a few years the bias for some variables was high. The maximum percent increase between the estimator with the lowest root mean squared error and the simple moving average was 7.31%. Of all the estimators, the simple moving average performed well in terms of mean square error in virtually every situation. It tended to be best among the estimators tested if spatial variation was large and change was relatively small. It was not consistently best in terms of mean square error in the presence of moderate change and large spatial variation. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Johnson, DS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 49 IS 1 BP 50 EP 63 PG 14 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 643JL UT WOS:000180858100004 ER PT J AU Wang, JX LeDoux, CB AF Wang, JX LeDoux, CB TI Estimating and validating ground-based timber harvesting production through computer simulation SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE logging; timber harvesting; forest operations; cost; production; validation ID SOUTHERN PINE FORESTS; SYSTEM; SKIDDERS; STAND AB Estimating ground-based timber harvesting systems production with an object-oriented methodology was investigated. The estimation model developed generates stands of trees, simulates chain saw, drive-to-tree feller-buncher, swing-to-tree single-grip harvester felling, and grapple skidder and forwarder extraction activities, and analyzes costs and productivity. It also measures the traffic intensity level of extraction machines across sites. The model components were validated using data from several independent field studies. The model was used to evaluate the interaction of stand variables, harvest treatments, machines, and extraction patterns. Using two main skid trails to harvest a block minimized traffic intensity. The model can be best used to evaluate alternative skidding configurations and their impact on cost, production, and traffic intensity. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Forest Expt Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Wang, JX (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 49 IS 1 BP 64 EP 76 PG 13 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 643JL UT WOS:000180858100005 ER PT J AU Patterson, PL Williams, MS AF Patterson, PL Williams, MS TI Effects of registration errors between remotely sensed and ground data on estimators of forest area SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE aerial photography; satellite imagery; variance estimator; design- and model-based inference AB The estimation of area by land cover type is a key component of most large-scale forest inventories. Historically, these estimates were derived from a large sample of points, taken from aerial photos, followed by a smaller sample of ground points, which were used to correct errors in the classification of the aerial photo points. There has been interest in replacing aerial photography with satellite imagery. One problem with using satellite imagery is the registration errors between a pixel and a plot or a point on the ground. The estimators and modes of inference can differ substantially depending on whether the sample unit is a plot or point on the ground. Two terms, tessellated and point paradigm, are used to differentiate between the two approaches when the ground data consists of plots or points, respectively. The effects of registration errors are compared using the two paradigms for estimating the area of land by cover type. The effects of registration errors on the expected value and variance of the forest area estimator under both the tessellated and point paradigm were studied using a simulation study, where a percentage of the samples had a random one- or two-pixel registration error. The simulation study shows that registration errors increased the variance of the estimator of forest area from 4% to 434%. The estimator of forest area under both the tessellated and point paradigm exhibited no detectable bias. In the presence of registration errors, the estimated variance under the tessellated paradigm tended to overestimate the true variance with the achieved coverage rate for a nominal 80% confidence interval ranging from about 81% to 86%. For sample sizes of fewer than 100 ground points, the estimated variance under the point paradigm tended to underestimate both the 80% confidence interval and the true variance, regardless of whether there were registration errors. Further testing showed that sample sizes of between 100 and 250 ground points were needed before the estimator of the variance under the point paradigm converged to within 5% of the true variance of the estimator of forest area. Thus, we conclude that registration errors can drastically increase the variance of area estimators and the resulting confidence intervals will not achieve their nominal coverage rates. In this study, the forest area estimator under the tessellated paradigm was clearly more robust to registration errors than the area estimator under the point paradigm. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Patterson, PL (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 2150 A Ctr Dr,Suite 350, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 49 IS 1 BP 110 EP 118 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 643JL UT WOS:000180858100009 ER PT J AU Pouyat, RV AF Pouyat, RV TI The ecology-policy interface SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Baltimore Ecosyst Study, USDA, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Pouyat, RV (reprint author), US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Baltimore Ecosyst Study, USDA, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 1 IS 1 BP 48 EP 49 DI 10.1890/1540-9295(2003)001[0048:TEPI]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 825WL UT WOS:000221789300022 ER PT J AU Ehrlich, KC Montalbano, BG Cotty, PJ AF Ehrlich, KC Montalbano, BG Cotty, PJ TI Sequence comparison of aflR from different Aspergillus species provides evidence for variability in regulation of aflatoxin production SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aflatoxin; Aspergillus; aflR; aflJ; transcription regulation; phylogenetics; PEST domains; PacC; AreA; BrlA ID GATA FACTOR AREA; SECTION FLAVI; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; PROTEIN AFLR; PARASITICUS; PATHWAY; NIDULANS; BIOSYNTHESIS; EXPRESSION AB Aflatoxin contamination of foods and feeds is a world-wide agricultural problem. Aflatoxin production requires expression of the biosynthetic pathway regulatory gene, aflR, which encodes a Cys(6)Zn(2)-type DNA-binding protein. Homologs of aflR from Aspergillus nomius, bombycis, parasiticus,flavus, and pseudotamarii were compared to investigate the molecular basis for variation among aflatoxin-producing taxa in the regulation of aflatoxin production. Variability was found in putative promoter consensus elements and coding region motifs, including motifs involved in developmental regulation (AbaA, BrlA), regulation of nitrogen source utilization (AreA), and pH regulation (PacC), and in coding region PEST domains. Some of these elements may affect expression of aflJ, a gene divergently transcribed from aflR, that also is required for aflatoxin accumulation. Comparisons of phylogenctic trees obtained with either aligned aflR intergenic region sequence or coding region sequence and the observed divergence in regulatory features among the taxa provide evidence that regulatory signals for aflatoxin production evolved to respond to a variety of environmental stimuli under differential selective pressures. Phylogenetic analyses also suggest that isolates currently assigned to the A. flavus morphotype S(BG) represent a distinct species and that A. nomius is a diverse paraphyletic assemblage likely to contain several species. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. RP Ehrlich, KC (reprint author), USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, POB 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179 USA. EM ehrlich@srrc.ars.usda.gov NR 56 TC 68 Z9 74 U1 4 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 38 IS 1 BP 63 EP 74 AR PII S1087-1845(02)00509-1 DI 10.1016/S1087-1845(02)00509-1 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 645DW UT WOS:000180961800007 PM 12553937 ER PT J AU Cui, XQ Hsia, AP Liu, F Ashlock, DA Wise, RP Schnable, PS AF Cui, XQ Hsia, AP Liu, F Ashlock, DA Wise, RP Schnable, PS TI Alternative transcription initiation sites and polyadenylation sites are recruited during Mu suppression at the rf2a locus of maize SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT SYSTEM; MESSENGER-RNA 3'-ENDS; T-CYTOPLASM MAIZE; COORDINATE SUPPRESSION; SOMATIC MUTABILITY; MUTANT PHENOTYPE; NUCLEAR RESTORER; DNA MODIFICATION; MALE-STERILITY; ZEA-MAYS AB Even in the absence of excisional loss of the associated Mu transposons, some Mu-induced mutant alleles of maize can lose their capacity to condition a mutant phenotype. Three of five Mu-derived rf2a alleles arc susceptible to such Mu suppression. The suppressible rf2a-m9437allele has a novel Mu transposon insertion (Mu10) in its 5' untranslated region (UTR). The suppressible rf2a-m9390 allele has a Mu1 insertion in its 5' UTR. During suppression, alternative transcription initiation sites flanking the Mu1 transposon yield functional transcripts. The suppressible rf2a-m8110 allele has an rcy/Mu 7 insertion in its 3' UTR. Suppression of this allele occurs via a previously unreported mechanism; sequences in the terminal inverted repeats of rcy/Mu7 function as alternative polyadenylation sites such that the suppressed rf2am8110 allele yields functional rf2a transcripts. No significant differences were observed in the nucleotide compositions of these alternative polyadenylation sites as compared with 94 other polyadenylation sites from maize genes. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ctr Plant Genom, Ames, IA 50011 USA. USDA ARS, Interdept Genet Program, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA ARS, Dept Zool & Genet, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA ARS, Dept Agron, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA ARS, Dept Math, Washington, DC 20250 USA. USDA ARS, Corn Insects & Crop Genet Res, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Schnable, PS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol, G405 Agronomy Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Cui, Xiangqin/0000-0003-0621-9313 NR 61 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD FEB PY 2003 VL 163 IS 2 BP 685 EP 698 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 653CG UT WOS:000181417200022 PM 12618406 ER PT J AU Wight, CP Tinker, NA Kianian, SF Sorrells, ME O'Donoughue, LS Hoffman, DL Groh, S Scoles, GJ Li, CD Webster, FH Phillips, RL Rines, HW Livingston, SM Armstrong, KC Fedak, G Molnar, SJ AF Wight, CP Tinker, NA Kianian, SF Sorrells, ME O'Donoughue, LS Hoffman, DL Groh, S Scoles, GJ Li, CD Webster, FH Phillips, RL Rines, HW Livingston, SM Armstrong, KC Fedak, G Molnar, SJ TI A molecular marker map in 'Kanota' x 'Ogle' hexaploid oat (Avena spp.) enhanced by additional markers and a robust framework SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE molecular marker; RFLP; linkage map; oat; Avena ID BARLEY HORDEUM-VULGARE; LINKAGE MAP; CYTOGENETIC MAPS; CULTIVATED OAT; RAPD MARKERS; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; CLONES; CHROMOSOMES; POPULATIONS AB Molecular mapping of cultivated oats was conducted to update the previous reference map constructed using a recombinant inbred (RI) population derived from Avena byzantina C. Koch cv. Kanota x Avena sativa L. cv. Ogle. In the current work, 607 new markers were scored, many on a larger set of RI lines (133 vs. 71) than previously reported. A robust, updated framework map was developed to resolve linkage associations among 286 markers. The remaining 880 markers were placed individually within the most likely framework interval using chi(2) tests. This molecular framework incorporates and builds on previous studies, including physical mapping and linkage mapping in additional oat populations. The resulting map provides a common tool for use by oat researchers concerned with structural genomics, functional genomics, and molecular breeding. C1 Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Cent Expt Farm, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Inst Plant Mol Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Plant Breeding, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. ARS, USDA, Natl Small Grains Germplasm Res Facil, Aberdeen, ID 83210 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Plant Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada. Quaker Oats Co, John Stuart Res Labs, Barrington, IL 60010 USA. ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, USDA, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Agron & Plant Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Tinker, NA (reprint author), Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Cent Expt Farm, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada. EM tinkerna@agr.gc.ca NR 64 TC 75 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD FEB PY 2003 VL 46 IS 1 BP 28 EP 47 DI 10.1139/G02-099 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 655MW UT WOS:000181557500004 PM 12669794 ER PT J AU Clement, D Risterucci, AM Motamayor, JC N'Goran, J Lanaud, C AF Clement, D Risterucci, AM Motamayor, JC N'Goran, J Lanaud, C TI Mapping quantitative trait loci for bean traits and ovule number in Theobroma cacao L. SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Theobroma cacao; bean traits; quantitative trait loci (QTL) ID GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP; AFLP; CONSTRUCTION; RFLP AB Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for bean traits and the number of ovules per ovary was carried out in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) using three test-cross progenies derived from crosses between a lower Amazon Forastero male parent (Catongo) and three female parents: one upper Amazon Forastero (IMC78) and two Trinitario (DRI and S52). RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), microsatellite, and AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) markers were used for mapping. Between one and six QTL for bean traits (length, weight, and shape index) and one and four QTL for the number of ovules per ovary were detected using composite interval mapping (CIM). Individual QTL explained between 5 and 24% of the phenotypic variation. QTL clusters were identified on several chromosomes, but particularly on chromosome 4. QTL related to bean traits were detected in the same region in both Trinitario parents and in a close region in the upper Amazon Forastero parent. In reference to a previous diversity study where alleles specific to Criollo and Forastero genotypes were identified, it was possible to speculate on the putative origin (Criollo or Forastero) of favorable QTL alleles segregating in both Trinitario studied. C1 CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. USDA, Miami, FL 33158 USA. CNRA, Divo, Cote Ivoire. RP Clement, D (reprint author), CIRAD, TA 80-82,Ave Agropolis, F-34398 Montpellier 5, France. NR 40 TC 27 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD FEB PY 2003 VL 46 IS 1 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1139/G02-118 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 655MW UT WOS:000181557500012 PM 12669802 ER PT J AU Kato, KK Palmer, RG AF Kato, KK Palmer, RG TI Genetic identification of a female partial-sterile mutant in soybean SO GENOME LA English DT Article DE Glycine max; simple sequence repeat marker; recombination restriction ID CYTOLOGICAL ANALYSES; OVULE DEVELOPMENT; GLYCINE-MAX; DEFICIENCIES; LEGUMINOSAE; PETUNIA; LINKAGE; GENOME AB We report here the genetic identification of a female partial-sterile mutant derived from soybean mutant L67-3483. L67-3483, which originated from the cultivar Clark after X-ray irradiation, is male and female fertile. All F, plants in reciprocal pollinations of L67-3483 with 'Clark', 'Minsoy', or 'BSR 101' were female partial sterile. Partial sterility is expressed in the heterozygous condition at a single locus and upon self-pollination this locus exhibits a 1:1 segregation pattern. This locus is located on the terminus of the soybean molecular linkage group D1b+W, between simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers Satt157 and Satt266, and is linked to each by 5.3 and 1.2 cM, respectively. This gene is transmitted through both female and male gametes and there was no segregation distortion of SSR markers linked to this gene. We concluded that this female partial-sterile gene is a new mutation class, and differs from the previously reported mutation classes in soybean, i.e., sporophytic mutation, gametophytic female-specific mutation, and general gametophytic mutation. Restriction of recombination around the mutant gene suggested that this gene is located near or within (a) small inversion(s) or adjacent to (a) chromosomal deletion(s). C1 ARS, USDA, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Obihiro Univ Agr & Vet Med, Dept Crop Sci, Obihiro, Hokkaido 0808555, Japan. RP Palmer, RG (reprint author), ARS, USDA, CICGR, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 27 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0831-2796 J9 GENOME JI Genome PD FEB PY 2003 VL 46 IS 1 BP 128 EP 134 DI 10.1139/G02-116 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 655MW UT WOS:000181557500015 PM 12669805 ER PT J AU Pride, DT Meinersmann, RJ Wassenaar, TM Blaser, MJ AF Pride, DT Meinersmann, RJ Wassenaar, TM Blaser, MJ TI Evolutionary implications of microbial genome tetranucleotide frequency biases SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION; MODIFICATION SYSTEMS; BACTERIAL GENOMES; DNA-SEQUENCES; GENE-TRANSFER; CODON USAGE; RESTRICTION; RECOMBINATION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES AB We compared nucleotide usage pattern conservation for related prokaryotes by examining the representation of DNA tetranucleotide combinations in 27 representative microbial genomes. For each of the organisms studied, tetranucleotide usage departures from expectations (TUD) were shared between related organisms using both Markov chain analysis and a zero-order Markov method. Individual strains, multiple chromosomes, plasmids, and bacteriophages share TUDs within a species. TUDs varied between coding and noncoding DNA. Grouping prokaryotes based on TUD profiles resulted in relationships with important differences from those based on 16S rRNA phylogenies, which may reflect unequal bates of evolution of nucleotide usage patterns following divergence of particular organisms from a common ancestor. By both symmetrical tree distance and likelihood analysis, phylogenetic trees based on TUD profiles demonstrate a level of congruence with 16S rRNA trees similar to that of both RpoA and RecA trees. Congruence of these trees indicates that there exists phylogenetic signal in TUD patterns, most prominent in coding region DNA. Because relationships demonstrated in TUD-based analyses utilize whole genomes, they should be considered complementary to phylogenies based on single genetic elements, such as 16S rRNA. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Immunol & Microbiol, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10016 USA. VA Med Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. USDA ARS, Athens, GA 30604 USA. Mol Microbiol & Genom Consultants, Zotzenheim, Germany. RP Pride, DT (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Immunol & Microbiol, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA68485, P30 CA068485]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01DK53707]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM063270, R01GM63270] NR 46 TC 145 Z9 152 U1 1 U2 10 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 145 EP 158 DI 10.1101/gr.335003 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 642TY UT WOS:000180821900002 PM 12566393 ER PT J AU Richards, CM Emery, SN McCauley, DE AF Richards, CM Emery, SN McCauley, DE TI Genetic and demographic dynamics of small populations of Silene latifolia SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE genetic diversity; demography; inbreeding depression; gene flow ID INBREEDING DEPRESSION; CONSERVATION GENETICS; PLANT METAPOPULATION; SIZE; EXTINCTION; ALBA; CONSEQUENCES; RESTORATION; BIOLOGY; RESCUE AB Small local populations of Silene alba, a short-lived herbaceous plant, were sampled in 1994 and again in 1999. Sampling included estimates of population size and genetic diversity, as measured at six polymorphic allozyme loci. When averaged across populations, there was very little change between samples (about three generations) in population size, measures of within-population genetic diversity such as number of alleles or expected heterozygosity, or in the apportionment of genetic diversity within and among populations as measured by F-st. However, individual populations changed considerably, both in terms of numbers of individuals and genetic composition. Some populations doubled in size between samples, while others shrank by more than 75%. Similarly, expected heterozygosity and allele number increased by more than two-fold in individual populations and decreased by more than threefold in others. When population-specific change in number and change in measures of genetic diversity were considered together, significant positive correlations were found between the demographic and genetic variables. It is speculated that some populations were released from the demographic consequences of inbreeding depression by gene flow. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Richards, CM (reprint author), USDA, Natl Ctr Genet Resources Preservat, 1111 S Mason St, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM crichard@lamar.colostate.edu RI Richards, Christopher/A-8328-2013 OI Richards, Christopher/0000-0002-9978-6079 NR 42 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X EI 1365-2540 J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD FEB PY 2003 VL 90 IS 2 BP 181 EP 186 DI 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800214 PG 6 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 655GM UT WOS:000181543000011 PM 12634825 ER PT J AU Scagel, CF AF Scagel, CF TI Growth and nutrient use of ericaceous plants grown in media amended with sphagnum moss peat or coir dust SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nitrogen; kinnickinnick; Artctostaphylos uva-ursi; azalea; mountain laurel; Kalmia latifolia; salal; Gaultheria shallon; Pieris japonica; Rhododendron; lingonberry; Vaccinium vitis-idaea; Cocos nucifera ID SOILLESS MEDIA; POTTING MEDIA; SPRING GROWTH; NITROGEN; SUBSTITUTE; RESPONSES; COMPOST; LOSSES; FUNGI; TREES AB Using several different ericaceous ornamental species, we compared the growth, mineral nutrition, and composition of plants in response to growing media amended with varying proportions of sphagnum moss peat (peat) or coir dust (coir). Plants were grown for 16 weeks in media consisting of 80% composted Douglas fir bark with 20% peat, 20% coir, or 10% peat and 10% coir. Sixteen weeks after planting, decreases in extractable P were larger in peat-amended medium than the coir-amended medium, while decreases in extractable NH4-N and NO3-N were larger in the coir-amended medium. In general, leaf and stem dry weight, the number of leaves and stems, and total stem length increased with increasing proportion of coir in the medium while root dry weight either increased (Kahlmia latifolia), decreased (Rhododendron, Gaultheria), or was not influenced by increasing the proportion of coir in the medium. The composition of the growing medium also influenced aspects of plant marketability and quality including: leaf greenness (SPAD), plant form (e.g., number of leaves per length of stem), and partitioning of biomass (e.g., root to shoot ratio). Nutrient uptake and fertilizer use was significantly different between the media types. Depending on the cultivar, we found that the coir-amended medium resulted in higher uptake or availability of several nutrients than peat-amended medium. Uptake or availability of N, P, K, Ca, and S was enhanced for several cultivars, while uptake or availability of Mg, Fe, and B was similar between media types. Most cultivars/species growing in the coir-amended medium had higher production or accumulation of proteins and amino acids in stems than plants growing in peat-amended medium, while the production of proteins and amino acids in roots was lower in plants growing in coir-amended than in peat-amended medium. For the cultivars/species we tested, coir is a suitable media amendment for growing ericaceous plants and may have beneficial effects on plant quality. C1 ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. RP Scagel, CF (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Hort Crops Res Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 36 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD FEB PY 2003 VL 38 IS 1 BP 46 EP 54 PG 9 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 653CK UT WOS:000181417500009 ER EF